United Irishmen of Old Leighlin

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SWANS ELECTRICAL, T.V. & VIDEO HOSEYS KENNEDY ST., CARLOW RETAIL STORES & WHOLESALE FRUIT MERCHANT Carlow's largest Electrical Dealer STAPLESTOWN ROAD. CARLOW I Established 1947 1 'h:: JOHN J. TRAYNOR & CO. LEIX DAIRY M.1.A.V.I., M.I.R.E.E. MILK. CREAM. EGGS. 8l.lTTER AUCTIONEERS, VALUERS & ESTATE AGENTS, INSURANCE BROKERS • DELIVERED FRESH DA.IL Y * District Office: First National Building Society. Director: W. E. Byrne CASTLE CARLOW PhOne 31123 COLLEGE ST., CARLOW. Phone (0503) 31712 SL CARLOVIANA Contents 1988/89 No.36 Address From The Chair...... 2 Editor Tomas MacGabhann Along The Tracks Printed by The Nationalist & Leinster Times ofTime ...... 3 I.S.S.N. 0790-0813 Land League in Carlow ...... 8

Colaiste Mhuire, Cnoc Beag ...... 10 • • • Et Nos Mutamur P. J. McCall Poet ...... 12 in Illis United Irishmen (Old Leighlin) ...... 13 HINGS do not change, we change. So sayeth T Thoreau. Yet change is all around us; and it varies: Priest-Poet as Yeats remarked - "MacDonagh and McBride, from Leighlin ...... 14 Connolly and Pearse, Now and in time to be wherever Carlow green is worn, Are changed, changed utterly! A terrible Miscellany...... 16 & 17 beauty is born". The more things change the more they are the same. Light & Shadow 1798 ...... 18 In January 1788 the first fleet of convicts from the prison ships in the Thames River arrived in Botany Mental Mimes For Bay, presumably against their will. Now almost Museum Times ...... 20 everyone would be glad to be transported. Doubtless Coolyhune the inference is different now: this is the change of Star Fort ...... 21 attitude. Jeremiah paid tribute to the great awareness in nature "An bhfeadann an t-Eti6_peach a chroiceann Some Ballitore do mhalairt n6 an liopard a bhreice". (Can the Shackletons ...... 22 Ethiopian change his skin, or the leopard his spots). Museum Report ...... 23 Sixty years after Botany Bay we had the coffin ships. In the intervening 140 years we have the motor­ Bagenalstown car, the aeroplane and man landing on the Moon. Oil Tobacco Factory ...... 24 became king and made fortunes for many people: cur Secretary's sioda ar gabhar agus beidh se 'na gabhar i gc6nai? Report ...... 25

I Conservationists tell us that the earth's resources Fr. Michael Maher ...... 27 are being used up at an enormous rate and that energy supplies will disappear. Yet grass remains. One Late Aidan Murray ...... 29 ( beautiful act of human effort brought joy to the world ,, - the saving of two whales locked in Arctic ice by a Ice-Age Valley ...... 29 ,; i joint endeavour of the USA and the USSR. It gives Officers and hope for the world and indeed for conservation. Some Members ...... 30 decried it as a waste offunds that could have been used for relief of poverty. The same was said when Mary Dargan Bridge...... 31 anointed Jesus with spikenard. No change: is it either, or? A touch of perestroika? Maireann an sgeach ach ni mhaireann an lamh a chuir e. Things do not change - We acknowledge with grateful thanks the efforts of our contributors written we change. and photographic and sponsors. In especial we thank The Nationalist & Leinster Times for access to its files and Eagarth6ir. allowing helpful extrac~s.

Cover Picture: Steam train on the viaduct at Borris, County Carlow. The photograph which was taken by James Flood, Mill House, Borris is reproduced through the courtesy of Mrs. O'Leary, Borris. From the Chair By Veronica Crombie

INETEEN eighty-eight, the that roamed the Australian Boolavogue on the previous N year of the Dublin terrain. They were shocked to Sunday. They walked to the top Millennium, the Australian find that the new settlers hunted of the Castlecomer Plateau, Bicentenial year, the forty­ and killed these animals just for across The Ridge into Moneenroe second year of the founding of fun and then left them behind, thence to Castlecomer, Killeshin the Old Carlow society. All these either dying or dead. Today the and on to Carlow. When they are times of celebration. They number of Aboriginals has reached the Fr. John Murphy are also times of reflection. We dwindled to about 1.4% of the Monument in Tullow they had celebrate what we have population. The Australian collected £5,000 for the South achieved. Wereflecton where we Government has now taken Eastern Branch of the Irish have been remiss. steps to legislate for Aboriginal Wheelchair Association. We affairs. An institute of congratulate them, and we In celebrating the Millennium, Aboriginal studies encourages thank them. Dublin has done a magnificent research into traditional job. It has paid a unique tribute Aboriginal culture. The National Ploughing to the founding fathers. When Championships took place in the Vikings sailed up the Liffey Oak Park during the first week they liked what they saw and ••• of October. This was a highly they stayed. Would they stay The Old Carlow Society, in its successful event which attracted today? Perhaps they would contestants from as far away as suggest a look at Glasgow to see forty-second year, continues the good work for which it was Norway, as well as from the what has been achieved there. whole, thirty-two counties. They Glasgow has been named founded. This has never been an easy task. The misguided and came from the Glens of Antrim, European Cultural City of the Downpatrick and the Mournes Year. misinformed are still with us, and the bulldozer is easily and invited us back to climb Australian Bicentenial Year manipulated. Penniless histor­ Slieve Donard. A goodly exercise celebrates two hundred years of ians and archaeologists don't in more ways than one! the settlers who arrived in 1788. hold much sway. We congratul­ They had eleven ships carrying ate the Government on the one thousand five hundred appointment of a Minister of the ••• people including eight hundred Environment. This is a major One of the most outstanding convicts. Almost one-third of step in the right direction for events in the cultural life of Australia's present population is which we are all extremely Carlow took place on 12th of Irish ancestry, perhaps the grateful. We must preserve our October. The Minister for Irish Government's most natural resources. We must deal Education, Mary O'Rourke, TD, significant celebration gift to the with the environmental performed the naming ceremony Australian people is a micro­ problems facing us, such as the at Carlow Regional Technical filmed copy of documents held in disposal of toxic and other College. She unveiled a plaque the Irish State Paper Office wastes, urban decay, water and naming the college "The Austin relating to the transportation of air pollution, to mention but a Waldron Regional Technical more than 30,000 convicts to few. College". No member of the Australia between 1 788 and community is more deserving of 1856. During the past year we this great honour. An

entertained some important1 outstanding educationalist and events. The March of the Men of a native Gaelic speaker, he has ••• '98 arrived in Carlow on Sunday, done trojan work in the field of October 16th at 12 noon, led by education in County Carlow. To Australia is one of the oldest that gre_at humanitarian, Austin, to his wife, Dr. Eithne land masses in the world. Donncha O Du.laing. This time and their family we wish every Archaeological evidence suggests the Men of '98 had no trouble happiness and blessing. that Australia's first inhabitants "taking" Graigue Bridge as they As we go to Press, we are - the Aboriginals - inhabited marched with shining pikes saddened to learn of the passing Australia forty-six thousand behind the Killeshin Pipe Band. of one of the stalwarts of the Old years ago. they are said to have At the grave where the Boy Carlow Society, Mr. Aidan come from Asia. They were Scouts and Girl Guides formed a Murray. Aidan, who was a Nomads. They had complete guard of honour, entertainment founder member of the society, systems of social organisation was provided by the harpers, will be sadly missed not only by and a rich ceremonial and Padrigin and Siobhan Caesar. his friends in the Old Carlow mythological culture. Their rock The Carlow branch of the Irish Society but by every Carlovian paintings and engravings are of Wheelchair Association provided who had the privilege of unique interest. They did not the marchers with a delectable knowing him. To his wife, cultivate crops nor domesticate meal which was indeed greatly Madge and family we extend our animals. They had however, a appreciated. deepest sympathy. I bhflaitheas great respect for the animals The marchers had begun in De go raibh a anam. 2 The theme of MARIE T. J. HENNESSY'S dissertation for her B.Ed. degree was MILFORD STATION Along the tracks

Milford today: "... a ghost station a place the world passed by ... " Photo: W. Ellis. ot time We print here a precis of the thesis which consisted of 140 foolscap pages of text, plans and photographs. Ofparticular interest were the answers given to a questionnaire which was circulated in the catchment area of the station.

, , MILFORD Station was surrounded by rolling hills and Ireland, but it was one of the a place where farmers plains. The area of course is not most important. would meet, have a chat in renowned only for its beauty, but Why in the first place was Spring, waiting for the train to for its agricultural produce Milford station established one arrive with pulp and nitrates, a which is of an extremely high might ask; certainly many place where the local community quality. The name Milford itself, reasons led to its establishment, depended on for the transport of being derived from the as one of the locals said a major goods and people. agricultural produce of the land, factor connected with it was the As a child, it was a hive of being -mainly grahi crops, which factthat:- activity, a meeting place, a were transported to Milford Mill happy bustling place, a great and thereby refined and Milford was a very sense of excitement waiting distributed to other parts of the industrialised area at that for the train to roar in - a country and of course abroad. time, and the service of the journey to Dublin was a real This was in its "heyday" as one station was used for exporting "event", each station on the might say, to-day the mill wheel malt and lime to other parts of way brought something new, remains silent, and all that the country. people getting on and off. remains as a relict of the past is Thus there was a need for a These words, written by an the name itself, and the mill's old quick and rapid means of elderly local man captured the ruins. Milford is actually transport to and from the area, atmosphere of the enterprising situated in the townland of and during the time of horses station that Milford was in its Ballybannon, but the name and carts, the train was day, this is his perception of Milford is more commonly used. considered a "dynamic force in Milford station. In stark Daniel Corkery spoke of how a one's life". The very name of contrast to the above perception placename can conjure up to Milford itself of course reveals of its past, we are faced with the one's mind so many memories of its past fortunes. Tne name was view of the present, again the past, and this is certainly derived from Alexander's Mill. denoted by a local man - true for old people in the area, as Mr. and Mrs. Hallin their travels A ghost station, a place the it 'evokes so many memories of around Ireland gave an world passed by, a sail the past for them, and also John extremely good picture of Milford reminder of a once busy, and Montague writes of how at the time:- thriving service centre. Milford station itself is located the least Irish placename can The establishment at on the main Dublin-Waterford net a whole world. Milford is one of the most line, situated between Carlow The main objective in the extensive and celebrated in and Bagenalstown, the station establishment of Milford station Ireland. It is situated about is a distance of 31/2 miles from was a "stepping stone" in the four miles from Carlow, on the Carlow station, which involves·a development of a major railway Barrow, in the centre of a· swift run of about 5-10 minutes, network to the south-east of lovely valley, through which depending on the train used Ireland. The Great Southern and the river runs - surrounded by nowadays. It is situated in a Western Railway was not by any mills, and the magnificent most scenic and beautiful area, means the first to be built in mountains - Leinster, Black- 3 stairs and Brandon in the background. The old man cast his weary eyes o'er the scene before him, Of the amount of people As the train rattles along the tracks of time, interviewed, 62% attributed With each rotation of the wheel, sparks off another Clogrennane lime works to be memory for him, one of the main reasons for the Of a bustling, happy station, a hive of activity, establishment of Milford station. The platform ablaze with crowds of people, Clogrennane lime works As the train snuffles in, and the whistle roars, were the best customers at Reminding one and all of time, and now with time Milford station. there comes a sea of change, and will forever more, It was a major means of Amidst the turning wheel of time, transportation of lime from And now he totters along, bent and worn, Clogrennane lime works for O'er the now ivy clad platform muttering to himself:­ agricultural and building "Time thou are a precious thing" purposes. And the last whistle is blown yet again. As a young boy, I hand­ - Marie T. J. Hennessy. picked lump-lime, Caustic ground lime and carbonate of lime, which was produced in area had no other means of Milford Tannery also used it to the Clogrennane lime works, transport for conveying their a great extent for the which is located approximate­ agricultural produce, mainly transportation of skins and 1 beet to Carlow, and thus it was ly 2 ~ miles from the railway hides. A short while before the station. The lime was loaded used to a great extent. Beet seed closure of the station, a local into horse-carts, 30 cwt. per and fertilizers were also man tells of how the manager of load@ 21- per ton, for delivery transported via the railway to the tannery at the time tried to Milford station, where it Milford station for the extremely hard to prevent its was then loaded into 6, 8 or 10 convenience and use of the closure, as they used it so much. ton covered railway wagons farmers of the area. Many locals The manager of the tannery for dispatch to Kingsbridge in the area in answering the collected signatures, but all of Station, and also all stations, questionnaires provided, stated his work was to no avail, particularly serving Co. that beet was one of the unfortunately. The station Wexford and Co. Wicklow, commodities transported via rail master at the time, Mr. Christie and needless to say to a lesser from Milford station to Carlow Dempsey, was very worried as to degree Offaly, Tipperary, Sugar factory, which was only a how the local tannery would Wateford, Galway, Cork, distance of 3112 miles, but for transport the skins and hides Kerry, Limerick and Louth. farmers of the time who had no after its closure. Many of the Great Southern and Western other means of transport, other locals mention its importance Railway Company charged than that of a horse and cart, it for this purpose:- 4/Bd. per ton for lime delivered was of great advantage and thus After the station's closure, to Kingsbridge in 6 ton lots. used extensively. Of the amount the local tannery gradually Clogrennane lime works interviewed - 36% attributed declined, as costs of were famous for its lime. They beet as being one of the major transporting leather and used it for all of their commodities transported via skins by road were far too deliveries in the early days, rail, however, this is only half of expensive. around the 1900s. the amount in comparison to Milford station was used a Milford was a very lime - 64%. Of course these are lot by local industries, as they industrialised area at that only inferential figures, but one had no other means of time, and the service of the can deduce that lime was the transport to deliver their station was used for exporting more important commodity. goods, such as skins from the lime from Clogrennane to Special trains were often local tannery. other parts of the country. arranged during the beet campaign for the fast and easy conveyance of beet from Milford ••• ••• to the factory in Carlow. The rail served as a major lifeline for the Thus was the eventual decline Milford station is located in a farmer, transporting for him and closure of another local large agricultural area, both the products of his labours, industry, with ever-increasing particularly important as a and the seeds and fertilizers road and freight costs, we saw major beet growing area, and so needed for their establishment:- the end of another industry. the station was of great Livestock was of course advantage for the conveying of The farmers transported carried a great deal by rail, as it the beet crop to Carlow Sugar beet by rail from Milford via was a cheap and fairly rapid factory, and many local farmers beet wagons, and also they means of transport for animals. used it to a great extent for such collected pulp in bags from the Again it was the local farmers purpose. Of course this again station. The station was a who suffered it.s loss after its was in the pre-motor age for with place where farmers would closure fo~ the transport of the dawn of motor transport, we meet and have a chat in livestock.:- saw the dusk of the age of spring, waiting for the train to Cattk were transported in railways, as motor transport arrive with pu[p or nitrates. special trains, the stock were was so much more convenient Certainly, there was a driven in to wagons on cattle and economic, and of course valuable social aspect to such a banks. faster. However it did serve its small transportation system - Cattle were driven by foot to purpose during that time when it acted as a hub oflocal activity Milford station, where they many of the small farmers in the and news. were thus loaded into wagons 4 to their eventual destination in Norwich. My father returned on Sunday, in wintertime having left Dublin on a Thursday for Norwich, via Holyhead, London. This was pre-1938 era. Milford station was used for the transport of pedigree cattle to the Spring Show in Dublin. Cattle were loaded for the fairs, at Milford station. Large farmers sent cattle via rail to the Dublin market. As well as cattle, horses were very important livestock in the area, as some local farmers and landowners such as Alexanders specialized in breeding horses:- Milford station was central for the transport of horses to England. Mares came by rail to Milford stud, and returned by Station House at Milford which has been modernized and adapted as a rail. private dwelling. The only part not altered is the waiting room and ticket Horses from Milford stud office which is shown here, built up against the main house. were transported by rail to the Photo: W. Ellis. Spring Show in Dublin. source of fuel for most II, when the cars were off. At Therefore local farmers who households. The coal was that particular point in time, had no other means of transport, delivered to the station, where it the fuel situation was very depended to a greater degree on was thence collected by local bad, there was no coal at rail transportation for their residents for domestic use, and times, and wood was burned livelihood, at a time when road of course transported to other in the engines. Thus the train transport was expensive and parts of the country. only went twice or three times sparse. Rail transportation As a public service for a week, and was known to stop served as a main artery in the transport and communication, between Kildare and Athy, local farmers' daily routine. Milford was of course of major while the driver and guard Generally not a day went by, but importance to the local and able-bodied men collected that a farmer would frequent the population, particularly in the branches along the line. local station, either collecting or pre-motor era, however, once depositing livestock or produce. motor transport came into Once this artery was severed, the vogue, it left the train as a sitting I have lived••• in Milford /or local farmers suffered greatly, duck, however, some people still some time and I have used the and it had many semi-economic express the wish for the Milford station a lot for my weekly effects on the lifestyle of the station to be open again - shopping to Carlow, also for agricultural area at the time. particularly for long journeys. my Dublin shopping - a However, in its heyday, it was journey I enjoyed very much. ••• used to a great extent as one can I used Milford station quite The Malthouse in the area also deduce from the following:- a lot for travelling to Wexford, contributed its own share of As a child, I travelled to Dublin to Croke Park, Horse transport of bulk goods also. The secondary school for 6 years shows, to get the boat to malthouse used rail extensively by train. It was a hive of various parts of England, and to transport by road:- activity, a meeting place, a on pilgrimages to Knock The service of the station happy bustling place. Shrine. was used for exporting malt to It was a transport link I am living in the area for other parts of the country. between the country and the the past 28 years, I used the .. There was a malth.ouse in town. train to go shopping to Carlow Milford, and com came via Having lived in the area for town, also to Dublin, and rail to the malt house. The 40 years, I've travelled to annual pilgrimage to Knock. Carter brought the grain from Dublin several times for I travelled to Kilkenny, New the station to the ma/tings for football matches, to Knock on­ Ross, Dublin, Portlaoise, 1/- a ton. pilgrimages. Tramore and Enniscorthy. In This industry too has now left I used the train throughout 1955, the fare to Dublin was the area, and thus again reflects my life. My mother used it for 1016d (53p). the changing economic passage travelling to school in the I used the train to travel to of time. 1900s, and her father and Dublin and Carlow, when cars Because of the proximity of mother used it a great deal for weren't readily available. Castlecomer collieries, in travelling to Dublin. Everyone It was an easy and rapid Kilkenny, another important used it until the car took over method of travelling to commodity transported by rail in the 1920s. Dublin, Carlow and the south was, of course, coal, which was I travelled a few times, of Ireland. up to the 50s and mid 60s a major especially during World War Milford station was a very 5 handy public service for the to their advantage and it Increasing standardisation of people living in the area. certainly acted as an "economic Irish life was commercially Milford station was of great catalyst" to the economic efficient, but culturally use to those people who development of the area, acting impoverished. Railways grew couldn't afford cars, and thus as a cheap, convenient and rapid with the economy and vice to give them travel facilities, means of transportation of versa, the economy grew with for the transport of goods and goods and people. It certainly railways-, both interacfirig with livestock and as a passenger was a "dynamic force" in the each other as in the case of · service. area, attributing to its social, Milford. Many local people expressed economic, cultural and financial For the most part railways the wish for its re-opening as it abundance and prosperity. were necessary in their day, was so convenient for travelling As the train · rolls down the although many of the latter ones long distances. As a public tracks, the world rolls down the were marginal or speculative. In service, it was also of course a tracks of time, and with time the pre-motor age they had meeting place for the locals, to comes change. The "Age of enough traffic, but many small convey the recent gossip, but Railways" is as fair as any stations, such as Milford most important of all it was an description of the 1850 - 1914 decayed when motor road area where the local people met era. Until 1850, railways were vehicles became "common­ and chatted together, it gave the exciting pioneers and disturbing place." Broadly speaking with locality a certain identity, every· components of change. After railway line lifespans it was one knew everybody else, unlike 1914, they had many rivals:­ "last to come - first to go." The today where there is no central buses, lorries, planes, and above Great Age of Railway Closures meeting area for this cultural all private cars. Also they began commenced from 1955 onwards, inter-action to take place. As a with the closure of Milford public service it was greatly station on the 31st December, missed by the local residents. 1962. The railway line was a It also served as a means of primary lifeline or "traffic communication for the transpor­ artery," for certain parts of the tation of papers and mail:- country, as we have seen in the Even in post World War II case of Milford. times, we received the Independent and Irish Times ••• by train from Easons in Milford station was tQ, Dublin. meeting place for the local The papers were transported neighbours to pass their via rail to all the local farmers. leisure time, playing cards, and discussing the daily ••• affairs. The train service acted as a Through the eyes of a local major transport link between looking back on days gone by, Milford and other service we may see the part that Milford centres, goods were so easily station played in the local conveyed via rail, all one had to community, it was the central do was phone and have a certain core or hub of local activities, item delivered to one's door, for both economical and social. example, fresh fish was a To the locals of a small area popular commodity transported The ticket hatch between the such as Milford, the station as a local woman informs us:- waiting room and office still in symbolised for them "a meeting Sawers of Dublin sent on situ'at Milford. place," "a happy bustling small quantities of fresh fish Photo: W. Ellis. place," It served the inhabitants quite readily via rail. and industries of the surrounding Many other commodities were to appear old, they even started area well during its time. From transported via rail to Milford, to decay and the network the social aspect it contributed to which saved in travelling to and shrunk. the area as a means of transport from Milford, such as the However, from 1850 to 1914, and communication, a meeting following:- the railway was the norm. It was place, and a source of travel and delivery of fresh the standard way of moving emigration, and a core area for eggs to local markets; goods and people for medium, economic activities. When asked transported rabbits and long distances and short ones of their perception of the station eggs and dead poultry to also in many cases, such as in the past, some of the answers Dublin; Milford to Carlow, a distance of were as follows:- had day old chicks delivered three and a half miles. Road to station; traffic became local, canals an.a It was a nice station, with a sent turkeys and turkey coastal shipping were a poor friendly atmosphere, as eggs to various places second as freight transporters. children we loved to watch the including Dublin. Railways reformed society in trains coming and going and Service Men also travelled by those years, society was watch the signalman working train to do various jobs, such as composed of people who saw the signals. installing cookers, servicing railways as an:- The children used to gather machines etc. all pervading force in life and together and play cards at the Thus local residents and the economy which supported station. industries used the train service it. It was a tidy, neat, compact 6 Photograph taken at Milford Station in 1962 and reproduced courtesy of Mr. J.P. O'Dea, Johnstown, Naas.

station, which won quite a few Since 1931, over 500 miles of commerce yet again, road prizes for its flowers, and railways have been ciosecl by transport having conquered the general layout and pleasing C.I.E., due to changing economic final blow. With time came appearance. circumstances. Irish transport is changes, in the economy, and It was so convenient, hardly a favourable investment, society of a community. Having having a station so near, as for so much of the story is of viewed Milford station in the train was very useful. broken hopes and great but microcosm, one can deduce the It was a good idea for people unrewarded expectations. The geographical, economical and who had no other means of Age of Railways lasted from the social changes which came transport in the past. 1850s until the 1920s -when the about- along the tracks of time. I thought it was a great Age of Motor transport and in­ service to the people. creased speed dominated. What Sources: Especially the people of the A place of employment and has killed the railways has been local community for their generous help convenient way of travelling and assistance in completing the the private car, the lorry and the questionnaire; 'Ireland' - Mr. and Mrs. for the local people. van, but a still more Hall; 'Railways' - R.A.S. Hennessy; fundamental point is the in­ 'Carloviana'; C.I.E. Working Timetables; adequate traffic on many lines . Irish Railway Record Society Library, ••• Drumcondra, Dublin; Carlow County It certainly is extremely ironic Library; Mr. Christopher Dempsey (R.I.P.), former Station Master; Mr. Milford station suffered the in the fact that road transport James Jordan, C.I.E.; C.I.E. Staff metamorphsis of change, from a actually radiates from the Carlow Station; Daniel Corkery; John thriving business centre, a hive station now, a centre of trade, Montague. of activity ... to a deserted place, and a sad reminder of the past. It was one of the many small Fr. Coyle, P.P. of Leighlinbridge translated the stations which "got the axe" in following Latin inscription from a tombstone of 1555 the '50 - '60 period, and had served its patrons well for 114 at Old Leighlin: years. It certainly played an As you are, so were we active and dynamic force in the community of the area and was And as we are so shall you be sadly missed when it was eventually closed. It was an Mr. O'Leary of Graignamanagh noted the following: 'artery, a major life-line to the As I am now, so shall you be area, accounting for its economical and social needs, Reader, prepare to follow me. which were served very rapidly. Man lives in an ever-changing A later hand very wisely added: environment, the geography of change is a dynamic realisation To follow you I'm not content, in our world today. Time is an Unless I knew which way you went eroding force, bringing changes Letter in The Nationalist & Leinster Times 13/3/1920. with it daily. 7

----~·-•" ___ _ Early meetings of the Irish National League in Carlow By Roderick P. Murphy

HE Land League had been T formed to obtain the three Fs - Fair Rent, Free Sale and Fixity of Tenure - and was disbanded after passage of the 1881 Land Act and the release of the Kilmainham prisoners. The 1881 Act was not satisfactory as it tackled essentially only the Fair Rent part of the problems of the Irish land tenants. In 1882 a meeting was called by Parnell in Avondale to discuss the plans of a conference at which a new league would be formed. The conference was called for the 8th October, 1882. The constitution of the Irish National League, as it was Avondale House, Co. Wicklow, where, in 1882, Parnell convened a called, listed five main meeting after which the Irish National League was formed. objectives: 1) National self Photo: W. Ellis. government, 2) Land Law reform, 3) Local self-government, Party. Conventions were to tive opm10n was in favour of 4) extension of parliamentary consist of delegates from the land purchase as landlordism and municipal franchise, and 5) branches. The council never committing suicide. He went on development and encouragement came into existence. The to plead for public declared of labour and industrial organisating committee became support for the Irish Parliamen­ interests in Ireland. the permanent executive and tary Party and for the cause for was effectively controlled by the which Emmet died, O'Connell parliamentary party while laboured and to which Parnell •••• Parnell remained in power. had devoted his youthful talents. The ultimate goal was tenant ownership. To this end the Irish With regard to the above Parliamentary Party would description of the formation of ••• press for the transfer to county the Irish National League, it is interesting to consider the The general secretary, Mr. boards of land not cultivated by Edward Moore, proposed the· owners and not in occupation by meetings held in Carlow during following resolutions: tenants, this land to be resold or the formation of the League in 1) That we in public meeting let to labourers or small farmers, that county. declare that all the political and tenant improvement to be social grievances under which protected from rent increases, One such meeting was held in our country labours are owing to leaseholders and others Tullow on the 23rd September alien rule and we pledge excluded from the 1881 Act to be 1883. This was the second ourselves never to relax our included. Parnell wanted to meeting held there in connection efforts until we have obtained extend the franchise to as low as with land agitation, the first the restoration of self­ household suffrage. He promised having been in 1878, at which government under a native agricultural labourers legislation one of the speakers was Parnell parliament. for the provision of houses, the himself. This second meeting 2) That the present disgraceful abolition of poor rates on such was presided over by a Mr. and serious condition of Irish houses and the termination of Patrick Hanlon of Grangeforth labourers demands immediate the Gregory Clause (whereby who had been proposed by Mr. and serious consideration, that labourers holding land of a Patrick Kelly of Tullow. The pending more complete measures quarter or more of an acre were chairman, in his opening we urge those who administer not eligible for indoor relief). ------speech, referred to the decline of the present act the propriety of The st:J;ueture · of the League landlordism in Ireland and giving its beneficial provisions was to be simple, to consist of described W. H. Smith's practical effect and that we branches and a central council comments on the setting up of a pledge ourselves never to rest of 48 members, 32 elected by committee of enquiry into the satisfied with any settlement of county conventions and 16 were working of the Land Act and his the question which will not to be of the Irish Parliamentary further comment that conserva- secure for this long suffering and 8 and a voice in the affairs of this His next point was, as might direction of the Carlow branches country. be expected at a time leading to of the Irish National League. 3) That we regard the Land an election, a plea to the Carlow A branch was formed at a Act of 1881 as defective since it voters to make sure that they meeting in Carlow town at excludes so large a portionof the were registered. He also pointed Tynan's Hotel at which the chair tenantry, namely the leasehold­ out that the Labourers Bill had was taken by Michael ers ... that we believe the final just been passed (Bill giving McDonnell. A further meeting solution of the question to be the labourers a house and plot) but was called to elect members at conversion of the occupiers of that the people of Carlow were which the Administrator, Rev. the soil into owners. doing nothing to ensure its P. Cosgrove, was elected 4) That so much misery has implementation. In urging president. . resulted from the suppression of farmers to act on behalf of the In relation to these meetings it our manufacturing industries ... agricultural labourers in should be recalled that the that we request fellow relation to the Labourers Bill he editorials of the contemporary countrymen by every means in pointed out that under the Land issues of the Nationalist & their power to develop Irish Act they had considerable rent Leinster Times gave complete industry, to purchase and use reductions (In fact a list given in support to the ideals of the Irish nothing which is not of Irish the Nationalist & Leinster National League. manufacture. Times of 2/10/1883 shows that 5) We call on countrymen of they varied from about 15% to ••• every town in the country to about 30%, averaging 25%). This necessarily short support the League. The Lord Mayor of Dublin, Mr. description of the Carlow 6) That we desire to express Dawson, then spoke. He pointed activities in the formation of the full and complete confidence in out that in what he called 'the League must include some the Irish Parliamentary Party most depressed area of our reference to the Bagenalstown under the guidance of our tried industry' the trade fair of 1882 meeting at which the local clergy and trusted leader, Mr. Parnell. showed what the Irish could do gave a significant lead to this The six resolutions were and he asked that every man in movement and through it to the adopted, Mr. Reid seconding. the audience develop the eventual national movement, as resources oflreland by frugality, will be shown by an extract from industry and sobriety . the speech of the Rev. P. J. Ryan, ••• He also referred to the facfthat secretary of the St. Mullins The panel of speakers the previous week Carlow town branch. consisted of Mr. O'Dwyer Grey, had founded its local branch of The meeting had been M.P. for Carlow, Mr. Charles the Irish National League with addressed by Mr. O'Dwyer Grey, Dawson, M.P. (Lord Mayor of the Parish Priest or Administra­ M.P. and Lord Mayor Charles Dublin and M.P. for Carlow tor as its president and went on to Dawson, M.P. in much the same town), and Mr. Joseph Biggar. say that: "the only conditions terms as those they had used at Mr. Grey was the first speaker. upon which law and order and Tullow. After the usual compliments to peace and comfort can be After Mr. Dawson's speech, the people of Carlow and to the preserved is to secure the rights the Rev. P. J. Ryan addressed local committee, he went on to and liberties of Irish people." the audience which the say: "I have had some six years After some more remarks Nationalist described as experience of the House of about the crowning glory upon comprising over 10,000 persons. Commons and I have never which we shall mount, that He began the address by known that assembly to make crowning glory being that which describing the Land Act of 1881 any concession to Ireland will make this country "Long a as bad and defective and made because of argument or because province, a nation once again". worse by the way it was of a sense of justice. They gave it administered by the sub­ because of a species of coercion commission courts and the or because they had to do it. It is ••• Court of Appeal. He said: "The a consequence of your own As well as the above meeting Land Courts take hardly any exertions and labours that you at Tullow, there were meetings to cognisance of improvements by have obtained such success as establish branches in the the occupier. He knew of cases had followed you so far." He following districts at which local where after improvements the continued by saying: "If the officers were elected: rent was raised to a rack rent people of Ireland observe that Ballon and Rathoe, Rev. J. which was assessed as a fair rent firm and determined attitude, Kehoe, President; Rev. M. Mc Wey, by courts which did not eschewing, avoiding and Treasurer; and Pat Hanlon, recognise that these improve­ denouncing every species of Secretary. Bagenalstown, ments had been made by the disorder, crime, outrage or officers in the same order, Rev. J. tenants. He also said that the illegality of any kind, but at the Kehoe, Rev. R. O'Brien, C. J. government will be indifferent if same time seeing that we are McGrath; Rathvilly, Rev. M. half the tenants remain as determined to have our rights ... Brennan, D. Delaney, M. P. flunkeys to the landlords. They I tell you no power on earth can Maher; Clonmore, Rev. M. F. should take example from any bar our successful progress." He Dowling, P. Molloy, E.G. Ferris; case where the tenants act as one said that: "English politicians Graney, Rev. J. Tynan, J. man and thereby wring great recognise that if you return Hughes, N. Cullen; Tullow, concessions from the landlords. under the leadership of Parnell Garrett Moore, J. Bolger, L. Furthermore, if the labourer is to (loud prolonged cheers) a really Doyle. faithful united determined body It is evident from this that the • Continued Page 11 9 Col

-tharla go bhfuil sceim mh6r Breathnach an chloc-bhunaidh se ag tahhairt ide beil d6ihh! O athfheistithe ar siul ar an do'n sciathan nua ar an 18u Lion se an leabharlann lena Ian gColaiste faoi lathair ta se Bealtaine, 1879. leabhar luachmhar, go m6r­ trathuil spleachadh a thabhairt Bhi heim laidir ar theagasc mh6r ar chursai Staire, cursai ar a shaol stairiuil. spioradalta agus m6ralta i Creidimh agus Litriochta. Thuig Sa bhliain 184 7 cuireadh teach gCnoc Beag. Ag teacht chun se go raihh an otharlann r6- agus feirm (127 acra) Muintir deireadh na 19u aoise hhi hru bheag ag an am agus rinneadh e Caruther ar ceant. Bhi Colaiste m6r ar spas i gCofaiste amheadu. Phadraig, Ceatharloch ag cur Phadraig. Da thoradh san, sa Sa bhliain 1929 thug se thar mhaol ag an am. Bhi bhliain 1892 d'aistriodh na siuracha Chuallacht Mhuire (na tuataigh agus scolairi sagart6ir­ scolairi tuata go dti Cnoc Beag: Siuracha Gorma mar a glaodh eachta ag freastal air. Mar sin seacht mhliana ina dhiaidh sin ortha) go dti an Colaiste chun cheannaigh U achtaran Cholais­ rinneadh Colaiste Fairche de maoirseacht a dheanamh ar te Phadraig an teach agus an Chnoc Beag i.e. einne ar mhaith shlainte agus ar hhia na ndaltai. fheirm i gCnoc Beag mar leis dul le sagart6ireacht feasta Bliain ina dhiaidh sin Cholaiste Ullmhuchain do hheadh air a chursa mean­ hunaiodh Cumann na Sean­ Cholaiste Phadraig. Ar an dara oideachais a dheanamh i gCnoc Scolairi. Nil leamh na scriohh ar la de Mheitheamh, 1847 a Beag. Se an chuis a hhi leis an dea-thionchar an Cumhainn sin cheannaigh an t-Uachtaran, an gcinneadh sin na gur shil 6 shoin i leith. Faoi lathair ta se Dr. Seamus O Tailliura, e. I Easpag Chill Dara agus ar na Cumainn Sean Scolairi is Mean F6mhair na bliana Leithghlinne, an Dr. 0 Foghlu, laidre agus is gniomhai sa tir. Is ceanna a d'oscail se mar ionad nach raibh caighdean oideachais iontach an teist ear dhilseacht leinn. Bae an tAthair Seamus 0 na n-ahhar sagart a.rd go leor na sean-scolairi d'on Alma Nualain an chead Reachtaire ar agus iad ag dul go Colaiste Mater. Ta sar-ohair deanta aca an gColaiste - a rugadh i Phadraig, Ceatharloch n6 go dti ag diol ticeidi d'on Chrannchur dTulach. Bhi ard-mheas air agus Ma Nuat. Ba e an tAthair ata ar siul faoi lathair. bhi an-chion aige ar na bochta. Maitias O Cuillinn (Easpag Bhi an tsiuneireacht mar Chill Dara agus Leithghlinne chaitheamh aimsire aige. nios deanai) an Reachtaire le na • •• linn sin. Thug an cinneadh sin Sa bhliain 1948 d'imigh "na Deirtear go ndearna se a ch6nra Siuracha Gorma" agtis dha fein le haghaidh la a bhais ach ceim suas mh6r do Chnoc Beag agus thainig meadu ar lion na bhliain ina dhiaidh sin thainig nuair a chuala se go bhfuair Siuracha na Tr6caire ina n-ait. bean bocht sa chomharsanacht ndaltai. Mar sin, sa hhliain 1902 b'eigean sciathan nua eile a Ta na ceadta daltai faoi bas thug se a ch6nra da muintir chomaoin mh6r ag na Siuracha chun i a adhlacadh ann. th6gaint - an foirgneamh -----·--- alainn ata le feiceail ag dul sios sin, go m6r-mh6r an tSiur an t-ascal. Sin e an foirgneamh Laisrean R.I.P. agus na • • • Siuracha Juliana agus de Bhi timpeall 18 scolairi sa ata a dheisiu faoi lathair - ar chostas £300,000. T6gadh an Lourdes ata gn6thach, gniomh­ Cholaiste, faoi hhun 13 hhliain. ach f6s ann. An tAthair 0 Siad na hahhair a muineadh foirgneamh ceanna ar chostas £2~000! Muintir Cairhre a th6g Meachair a bhi ina Reachtaire ann ar dtuis na Teagasc an foirgneamh brea sin. nuair a chuaigh Siuracha na Criostai, Uimhriocht . agus Tr6caire go dti Cnoc Beag. Lamhscribhneoireacht. Theadh Faoin am seo hhi meadu eile U achtaran Cholaiste Phadraig ••• riachtanach. Thug an tAthair amach go dti Cnoc Beag gach Nuair a hhi an tAthair Micheal Padraig O Seidhin, a bhi i Satharn chun na "hreithiuntais" 0 Donchadh ina Reachtaire gceannas ar an gColaiste, faoin a leamh i.e. na marcanna a fuair cuireadh solas leictreach isteach obair sin le duthracht agus na daltai ins na hahhair eagsula agus t6gadh an Pailliun a hhi diograis ha dhual do'n sar­ a hhi a dheanamh aca. Ta nos na ina phoinnte suntasach le pheilead6ir as Tigh Raolainn. mhreithiuntas heo f6s ach is e an blianta fada sa Cholaiste. Is ann T6gadh ceithre seomrai Reachtaire fein a leann amach a ghleasadh na daltai nuair a ranganna agus halla staideir anois iad. bhi siad chun cluichi a imirt. nua. D'osclaiodh an foirgneamh Thainig fas agus forhairt ar Cuireadh tus le re nua i stair hrea nua sa bhliain 1963. Bhi an gColaiste le himeacht an Cholaiste nuair a ainmhiodh fonn ar an Athair O Seidhin leas aimsire. Mar sin, sa bhliain 1879 an tAthair Peadar MacSuihhne fisiciuil na ndaltai a chothu t6gadh sciathain nua in aice leis ina reachtaire, Samhain, 1927. chomh maith lena leas acaduil. an bhfoirgneamh bunaidh. Lean se sa phost sin go dti 1949. Mar sin chuir se giomnaisiam a Tiolacadh an sciathan nua do Chuir se heim laidir ar Ghaeilge th6gail agus bhi an ohair N aomh losef. Ba e an tAthair agus ar chultur na hEireann. criochnaithe, Mean F6mhair, Liam de Burca 6 Chill Dara an Lahhair se Gaeilge i gc6nai leis 1971. Reachtaire. Leag an tEashag 0 na daltai, fiu amhain.nuair a bhi Tamall ina dhiaidh sin ha leir 10 go raibh an Pailliun ag meathlu. B'eigean seomra gleasta nua eile a th6gail. Bhi se oscailte i Mean F6mhair, 1984 nuair a bhi an tAthair Moling O Lionnain ina Reachtaire. Ag an am sin rinneadh cinneadh tabhachtach raidiciuil - socraiodh ar scolairi lae a ghlacadh sa Cholaiste. Chuaigh an chead ghrupa go dti Cnoc Beag i Mean F6mhair, 1985. Ta meadu m6r tagaithe ar lion na ndaltai da thoradh san. Ta 218 ag freastal ar Cholaiste a thosaigh a shaol le 18 scolairi. Is ioma iar-scolaire agus muinte6ir a bhi gniomhach i saol na tire. Bhi an Colaiste ina ionad oidine. D6ibh siud a bhi ar a gcoimead, 1918-21 agus sa An obair ar siul ar an gColaiste. chead Dail bhi m' a th air fein (iar­ scolaire) agus Gear6id 0 le Oilibhear nach maireann), oideachais. Is e T. P. a scriobh Suilleabhain (muinte6ir) ina T.D. do Laois-Uibh Fhaili a beathfbaisneis De Valera. Ta se dTeachtai Dala do Cheatharloch­ gcuid mean-oideachais sa beo beathaitheach f6s. Cill Chainnigh agus bhi Cholaiste. Bhi Michael Farrell Ta iar-scolairi an Cholaiste ag Caoimhin O Huigin ina ionadai udar "Thy Tears Might Cease" i saothru mar easpaig agus do Laois (Queen's County mar a gCnoc Beag; ursceal bunaithe ar sagairt ar son na hEaglaise i tugadh air). Ina dhiaidh sin a shaol fein ina bhfuil a Ian gcein agus i gc6mhgar; an Dr. 0 ph6s Caoimhin, iar scolaire, an tagairti do Chnoc Beag faoin Riain, Easpag Chill Dara agus t-ollamh le Bearla a bhi i gCnoc ainm "Dunslane". Dalta agus Leithghlinne ina measc. Ta suil Beag. ollamh sa Cholaiste abea an file le Dia agam go mbeidh todhchai Fuair Padraig O Leathlobhair William A. Byrne. I gCnoc Beag an Cholaiste chomh torthuil ar ata i bPairlimint na hEorpa a fuair an tOllamh le Stair, T. P. gach gne de shaol na tire agus a agus Cathal O Flanagain (mac 0 Neill, a chuid mean- bhi se go n-uige seo. Early meetings of Irish National League • Continued from Page 9 surrounded by patriotic, active The really interesting aspect be fairly paid, the land agitation intelligent men, that there are of this research is the advice should be continued so that the many schemers in his district. given by the local speakers and tenant farmers will do well and "There is a marked distinction also the discipline of the be enabled to pay their labourers between a man who does not join majority of the officers of the fairly. the League and a landgrabber." branches of the Irish National He went on to urge the tenant Voice: "They are all the same." League. Out of 27 officers of the farmers of Carlow not to break "Still I don't like a degree in nine committees named above, the law but to make use of all that direction and if you bring 17 of these were R.C. clergymen. other methods: •'There are a your legitimate influence to bear In some cases, as in Carlow thousand ways without on persons in your district, not town, these included the breaking the law; you can make putting them to inconvenience Administrator or Parish Priest, your influence felt in the but trying to spread national men who were the immediately direction it would be wise to feeling you will be a united accepted local leaders in a far make it felt, and carry out the people." more intimate sense than were principles too. You know what I The above summary of the parliamentary party mean, the principles of Davitt meetings in the three largest members. They were men who and Parnell. I am not telling you towns in Carlow'-county could had great responsibilities and in to boycott anyone becaase that well have been written about the many cases lived up to them. In would beunwiseadvice,notthat meetings held in the other this respect the speech of Rev. P. it would not be in accordance centres named above. The J. Ryan at Bagenalstown should with justice, not that it would not advice given by the speakers can be studied. It is the opinion of the be very useful. Don't take me up be divided into two types: 1) that writer that such speeches mark as advising you to boycott normally expected from to some extent the transition anybody because I nright be members of a legislature, i.e. from the patriotism which putting you in danger of the law advice largely associated with regarded Home Rule as its goal ... If we find the efforts made by votes, elections and following a to the nationalism that would be men like Father Burke for five leader where that leader's satisfied with nothing but years, consistent efforts, trying phil080phy can be repeated separation. to make use of every effort at_his within a certain degree of disposal in promoting the cause ambiguity and safety, advice References: (1) F. S. L. Lyons, Life of in his district and all over the closely linked to that philosophy. Charles Stewart Parnell T. W. Moody, Davitt and country, is it not disheartening This is obviously related to the Irish Revolution 1864-62. that he has to complain from speeches of Grey, Dawson and The Nationalist & Leinster time to time, although Biggar. Times 22/9/1883 11 P. J. McCall ... 'who loved his God, His country and his Kindred'

------• By Richard Roche ------­ LTHOUGH Patrick Joseph on the young McCall. He acted as adjudicators at local A McCall, son of John McCall married a woman with south feiseanna and their little holiday of Clonmore, and Elizabeth Wexford connections home in Rathangan became a Mary Newport of Rathangan, Margaret Furlong, sister of Alice meeting-place not only for local was born and reared in The Furlong the poetess and musicians and story-tellers but Liberties of Dublin, he is kinswoman of Thomas Furlong, also for national figures like associated to a greater extent the poet who is buried in Sean T. O'Kelly, Arthur Griffith, with the rural baronies of Forth Drumcondra - and continued to Arthur Darley and others. He and Bargy in south Wexford. But spend the summer months in donated copies of his books and he also came into contact with Rathangan each year. song-collections as prizes at rural Ireland through his He also had inherited his local feiseanna - among my father's grocery and bar in 25 father's nationalist sentiments. own treasured possessions are Patrick Street, Dublin, which John McCall was a member of several such books awarded to was visited by country people the South Dublin Union Board my parents, aunts and uncles. from south Dublin, Wicklow and of Guardians and was regarded They learned Irish from McCall north Wexford. as an advanced nationalist. He and were honoured by his friendship. P. J. McCall was born in knew James Clarence Mangan Dublin on March 6, 1861 and and published the first edition of Mangan's poems. When was educated by the Christian P. J. loved••• to spend the Brothers in Synge Street, by a Mangan died in the Dublin Union in 1895 John McCall had summer days on The Burrow - private teacher named Cahill on the long line of sand-dunes U ssher' s Island, by the brothers his body interred in Glasnevin and paid all the funeral running along the coast between at St. Joseph's Seminary, Kilmore and Cullenstown. He Harold's Cross and by the expenses. He failed, however, to have the word 'Fenian' included and his wife would drive there in Marist Fathers at the Catholic an ass's cart with his violin and University School in Leeson in the inscription on Mangan's headstone and had to settle for writing materials. It was here, Street. From such a wide and looking out over Ballyteigue varied educational tuition it was 'Pure patriot' when the conservative Cemeteries Com­ Bay, with the Saltees 'misty and inevitable that the young grey' on the southern horizon, McCall would show early mittee refused to allow that subversive description. that he wrote the ballads that literary abilities. were to immortalise his name in His father John, of course, was Ireland - 'Boolavogue', 'Kelly a well-known writer and P. J. himself••• was also a public the Boy from Killann', 'Follow historian and no doubt P. J. representative and was a Sinn me up to Carlow', 'Sailing in the inherited some of his talents Fein member of Dublin Lowlands Low', and many, from that source. But he was to Corporation for 15 years. He was many others. It is ironical that gain much of his inspiration also a member of the Pan-Celtic some of these ballads cannot· from his visits as a boy, with his Society which was founded in now be heard over our so-called parents, to Rathangan in south Dublin in 1888 and which was national radio and TV stations. Wexford. Here the McCalls had a the forerunner of the National A lot of his writings drew small thatched cottage which Literary Society founded in inspiration from the south they used as a holiday home 1892. P. J. was this society's first Wexford scene and he saved during the summer months - Honorary Secretary and later many old traditional airs from the cottage is now marked by a one of its Vice-Presidents. He' extinction by transcribing them special plaque erected by the contributed many papers to from local fiddlers and lilters in organisers of Eigse McCall and meetings of the Society and Bargy. These are now safe for it is hoped that eventually it will some of these were later posterity in the collection of be preserved as a McCall published as pamphlets. 'Songs of Eireann' which he museum. After his parents' deaths in edited and published with 1890 and 1902 P. J. continued to Arthur Darley. ••• visit Rathangan every summer McCall, never a strong man, In the many poems, ballads, and became well-known in the died in his 58th year in 1919 at stories and songs which he later area. He brought his interests in his residence, West Point, wrote we find many references to history, music and the Irish Sutton, overlooking Dublin Bay. .the people, sights and scenes of language with him to Wexford­ He is buried in Plot G.F.135 in south Wexford. The unique way he helped to found Feis Carman Glasnevin Cemetery. On his of life of the region, with its and set up a bursary; he was memory card he is described in strong local culture, its instrumental in the spread of the Irish and English as a 'true Irish comfortable farms, its mumming Gaelic League in the county and poet, who loved his God, his tradition, its strange dialect - helped to run Irish classes in country and his kindred'. What all undoubtedly cast their spell many centres. He and his wife better could be said of any man? 12 United Irishmen of Old Leighlin

Martin Nevin ------• ------•T the Carlow Assizes of William By Farrell, Seskin. James The next charge set forth is A 1 798, immediately preceding Delaney, bails, Edward Wynne also one of assembling armed in the insurrection, the following and William Delaney, Old Old Leighlin on 1st November. indictment was made against a Leighlin. Patrick Delaney, bails, The traversers were John number of United Irishmen of Terence Brennan, Old Leighlin, Connolly, M. Connolly, Old Leighlin: and Thomas Mahon, Closutton; Laughlin McCabe, John In and for that they with Thomas McDaniel, bails, Martin Fitzpatrick, Denis Murphy, many other evil disposed McDaniel, Old Leighlin and Daniel McCabe, Michael persons and disturbers of the James Nowlan, Colliery; McCabe, John Fitzpatrick, peace, being armed with Andrew Kinshellagh, bails, James Walsh, John Kinshellagh, firearms, firelocks, pistols and Edward Timmins and John James McNally, Thomas Walsh, other offensive weapons, Delaney, Old Leighlin. John Walsh, John Cummins, wickedly, tumultuously, and It appears that the greater Thomas Halligan, Thomas unlawfully did rise, assemble part of the above were Cooper; the last mentioned three and appear armed as discharged on giving bail for being marked "out". Amongst aforesaid to the terror of His future good behaviour. However, the sureties were William and Majesty's subjects, to the evil a few monstrous sentences were Darby Mara, of Old Leighlin, example, and against the pronounced. John Kelly was farmers; Patrick Murphy, peace and statute, that they found guilty and was condenmed Cunecare; Pat Cole, do; John on the same day contemptu­ to be "publicly whipped from the Cahill, Killenane; Daniel Walsh, ously and unlawfully did late *Amyas Thomas's dwelling Leighlin; Robert Bridges, Esq., assume the particular name house in Leighlinbridge to the Milford; Robert Carter, Carlow, and denomination of United *Pound of Leighlin and back gent; Michael Haughney, Irishmen, the same not being again on Thursday 12th April Carlow. Defendants were usually assumed by his next, and to be imprisoned for a ordered to procure bail. Majesty's subjects on their year and to give bail to be of the lawful occasions, and under peace". Edward Kelly was Further, a••• number of men were that did rise, assemble, and sentenced to undergo a like charged with having assembled appear armed as aforesaid. punishment. Thomas McDaniel, as United Irishmen at James McAnnally, charged as elder, was likewise convicted, Leighlinbridgeon 7th November. above, was bailed by Pat and the order in his case ran "to Some of these were ordered to McAnnally and Pat Mahony, of be publicly whipped, no day give bail, while others were Old Leighlin, farmers; Bernard mentioned, and to be imprisoned ,), acquitted of the charge. :1 Fitzpatrick by M. Delaney and for one year." Patrick Maher, In No. 43 on the calendar, true Philip Neale; Arthur Neale gave Edward Maher, and John bills were found against James as sureties Patrick and Phelim Kinshellagh were also sentenced Connor, bailed by Bernard Neale, both of Old Leighlin; to be whipped and imprisoned. McGee, Leighlinbridge, and Michael Maher was bailed by John Lyons of same, shopkeeper; Thomas Roche, of Leighlin­ ••• Maurice Hickey, bailed by Denis bridge, smith, and George The following were also Hanlon of Leighlin and Michael Younger, of Carlow, shoemaker. indicted but their trials were Lawler, Carlow, smith; and John Murphy, of Slyguff, deferred for one year - Laurence against James Costello, bailed farmer, and Patk. Ryan, of Fitzgerald, James Kenny, by Henry Hayden and James Leighlinbridge, do.; Thomas William Kelly, John Brennan, Tynan, Carlow, gentleman. Murphy, of Ballyellen, and Michael Comerford, Michael Defendants were charged with Andrew Hennessy, of Leighlin­ Hughes, Michael Reynolds, administering the oath of the bridge, Edward Hickey, bails, Michael Bergin, Patrick United Irishmen to one James John Murphy, of Slyguff, and Brennan, James Brennan, McGee at Leighlinbridge. The Pat Ryan, of Leighlinbridge, William Nowlan, Thomas details of the oath as set forth in farmers. Patk. Cahill, bails, Buggy, Michael Buggy, Thomas the indictment are that McGee James Neale and Thomas Fitzpatrick, James Connor, was "to keep all secrets he Hayden, of Leighlinbridge, Bryan Fitzpatrick, Michael should hear or know of the farmers; James Connors, bails, White, Denis Bryan, Paul United Irishmen, and that said John Lyons and Bernard Magee, Delahunty, Hugh Kane, Edward James McGee should not of Leighlinbridge, farmers; Lawler, Edward Walsh, John prosecute them in any respect for James Hickey, bails, Paul Maher, Robert Walsh, John anything that might come Carter, Poorstown, and John Healy, John Hynes. Amongst across him." Moran, of Leighlinbridge. Pat the sureties were J as. Fitzgerald, The trial was deferred on Carty, bails, -Ml. Moran, of of Tomard; Martin Fitzgerald, affidavits on behalf of the crown Leighlinbridge, and John Paupish; Michael Crawley, and'the prisoners were admitted Nowlan, Augha, farmers. John Carlow, shoemaker; Michael to bail. Daniel Maher and James Mullins, bails, Thomas Maher, Brennan, Carlow, shoemaker; Nevin were charged with Killough, and Bernard Fitz­ Patrick Brennan, Graigue. threatening the life of Matthew patrick, Ballyknocken; Denis * The "Friary", P. J. Foleys. Brennan, a soldier of the Fitzpatrick, bails, Luke * Mrs. O'Neill's garden, St. Lazerian's Timmins, Leighlinbridge, Street. • Continued Page 14 13 The Priest-Poet from Leighlin By Martin Nevin

Oft times in the gwaming by Father Henry Woods, S.J. He trod an earthen path - on Sweet thoughts of the past and some six or seven years Heaven intent - Revisit my spirit earlier The Vision Beatific with And God's own smile was in his With sadness o'ercast; a word of introduction by Edwin lifted look! Then scenes most enchanting Markham. We are told that this Come back to my mind. long poem on Heaven brought And sometimes on the path he. Of Erin, dear Erin, consolation to Catholics and met a friend So long left behind. non-Catholics alike. In 1926 the Who lingered for his benedictine Macmillan Company got it out cheer; Ifancy, I saunter in inexpensive and attractive And one will hear - until the Along the green shore form for use in Catholic High journey's end - Of Barrow's bright waters, Schools. His words of tenderness: 'God - I ne'er shall see more. - Born at LeighHnbridge, bless you, dear!' Sweet Barrow, so friendly, March 21, 1847, a marked' What pleasure was mine simplicity characterised his life. Tonight the old path waited him Upon thy soft wavelets He never was able to free his in vain; At eve to recline. tongue of a soft Irish brogue and The 'Lanterns of the Blue' he never lost the warm smile he burned far and dim; Or plunge in wild gladness brought with him from the For eyes uplifted to the Heaven Beneath thy clear wave; Emerald Isle. he loved. Or list to thy billows Are wet with tears while warm When storm driven, rave; ••• hearts grieve for him! Or watch from thy banks He went to the United States as a young man, studied for the On a calm summer's day His body was interred in the Thy silver-scaled tennants priesthood at Woodstock College, Maryland, and was Jesuit plot at the Santa Clara A-frisking at play. Cemetery. ordained by Cardinal Gibbons. Religious leanings and Or sweep o'er thy bosom Shortly afterward he went to longevity were traits of Father With swift-plying oar, the Pacific coast and became That, cleaving thy waters, Walshe's family. He had two attached to Santa Clara College sisters nuns in English Drips diamonds galore. as a professor of English Foreign streams that wind convents. His mother lived to Literature. He was also in over 100 years of age. proudly. charge of college dramatics. Deep mountains among He became Assistant Pastor at References: Or glide through green meadows, St.Joseph'sChurch SanJosein St. Ignatius Church Calendar, By others are sung. 1900. The whole ' burden of California, USA, March 1939. carrying the Church in the wake Nationalist & Leinster Times, March, But mine be the Barrow, of the earthquake damage of 1905 & Nov., l930. . . That mirrored my home 1906 d th d ht · d San Jose Mercury Herald, Cahforma, The sad day I ventured an e e mcurre . as a USA, 24 October, 1930. result caused a heavy dram on .....------From Erin to roam. - his health, necessitating -. Continued from Page 13 Ah! Barrow, loved Barrow, residence in Seattle for several w· kl MT t' Mah When tolls my last knell, years. However, he returned to ic ow 1 1 ia. . er was My heart shall have sent thee SanJoseandspenttherestofhis ordered to be. bailed, and Its latest farewell! life there Stephen McDamel and John In Oct~ber, 1930 Father John Maher, qo~utton, entered i~to These beautiful lines are from D. Walshe S.J., one of the best the reqms1te surety. Nevm, the pen of the talented Jesuit loved priests in California, died. however does not appear to have priest, Father John D. Walshe. The following lines, by Edith been made amenable. . The passion of his life, aside from Daly, were dedicated to the ~~thew Kelly, committed by his duties as a priest, was poetry. memory of the little silver-haired Phihp N ewto1;1, Esq:, on a charge A productive passion, he wrote priest from Ireland: of bemg a U ~nted ~hman, was verse on a variety of subjects. ordered to give bail to appear at But in applying his metier his When lengthening shadows fell the following assizes and to be of thoughts rarely strayed from the an Eastward way. the peace. His sureties were rivers of Ireland and his From every sun-obedient tree James Meaney and James Kelly, childhood memories, the and tower, of Old Leighlin. patriotic American themes, the About the 'Square' he walked This information reveals the friends met in his ministry, Our along to say great efforts which were being Lord, Our Lady and the Saints. His 'Office' in the sunset made to suppress the United Father Walshe had two glory-hour. Irish movement in the Old volumes of verse published Leighlin district. It has been which gained him international Quiet, serene, with footsteps Icompiled from authentic recognition, Lanterns of the reverent, documents which were first Blue, a collection of short poems His faith held firmly as he held published in the Nationalist and printed in 192!J wiffi-a foreword his book Leinster Times of May 21, 1898. 14 A scene from the past - the Sugar Factory chimney reflected in the harbour, both of which no longer exist. Photograph reproduced courtesy of Mr. Noel Alcock, Graiguecullen.

15 CIUII MIICELLAN1

This memori. the wall of ti Killtennil, a following ins

Cap tin erecte Doter Arch bi jonsa, fn ye Y J

Inscription on the above slab at Johnstown, Bennekerry was recorded by the late Godfrey McDonald, Dublin St., Carlow.

It reads as follows:- Cross at the 'Croppies Grave', Kilcumney. "Tread soft, ye mortals, o'er this hallowed ground Full many gentle villagers here rest, Who tilled in days of yore the fields around, IJJ,,, With calm content and humble virtue blest, The 'Blacklion' Go seek the flowery paths of peace who may near ArdaHin was From guile, ambition and from sin - away". probably an Inn sign. This "Like them thy neighbours love, adore thy God, photograph was And for thy race provide with industry, taken before it So may you then, when fate shall seal your doom, was knocked out And you beneath the good grown sod shall lie, of place by a With them enjoy the Sabbath of their tomb, falling tree. It has With them ascend to endless bliss on high". now been restored.

-1111 It is believed that the 'Temple' at Woodands, Ardallin was I erected by the Dl*e of Leinster who had a I sllooli,glodgeon ._sileofthe ...... house in ._ 11111 century.

On the gable wall of the ruined parish church of Cloydagh this incised cross in the Celtic design can be seen. These three ...... 1111 ... Ill ee side of Jack I Doran's barn al c:m,,ed on them. (Arrow points to-position of stone). KWeolw_...... ltissaidthallheycw._m C Cjailwhichstood . in the field beside ....._

16 .,;.~~~~-~~.:;;_,,.;,_~~~~£,L~_,~-h~"'-f-:..__ COMPILED AND PHOTOGRAPHS LANY BY WILLIAM ELLIS

1is memorial slab is inserted in e wall of the church ruins at lltennil, and it bears the !lowing inscription.

Caplin Edmond Byrne erected this chappel Doter Edmond Byrne Archbishop of Dublin j:onsacretd ye same fn ye year 1709 {sic). I

When Tom Cummins of Skahanrane renovated his house some 30 years ago, he removed this slab with its inscription from his kitchen where it had been used as a shelffor holding buckets of water. What remains of the inscription is given below:

To The hotnour And phy Daniel No --­ ~ Glory of God this --­ Garritt Nowlan --­ Addition is built by --­ -atrick Nowlan --­ lion' Blackney josePh --­ peter byrne Th --­ was William Mahor --- Revd Michael Bro --­ 1 Inn his three sons jam --­ Dean of Leighlin --­ This patrick and Math --­ parish priest the Year was Murphy Andr --- 1788(sic). ll'e it I out by a Dr. Comerford in his Collections, Kildare & Leighlin records has that Rev. Michael Brophy, Dean of Leighlin and P.P. of teen Dunleckney who died on February 6, 1798 is buried at red. Dunleckney. This is probably the P.P. mentioned above. Did the slab come from Dunleckney?

llat I

;;;~--.ff ~ ' .c.;r•fh'bnt I< ~. .. OU't\cl l. ~ ...... z•• e- .# . This stone was located in the wall of the • playing fields of the Regional College, :k-- Green Road. It is now missing. ~­ This beautiful Last Supper scene in Mosaic and molher-ol-peart can be seen d - in the Adelaide Memorial Church, Myshall.

17 ORE than 40 years ago I hiding. The two boys crouched in the hand in the battle of M collected some scattered down behind the bank of earth Castlecomer; despite this he was local tradition on the 1798 period and when they dared to look brutally ill-treated. The in Leihglinbridge. Some of the again she had disappeared. storytellers gave no date nor did stories are so bizarre that I had The next morning there was they claim any connection to not the courage to put them in "murder" in the house, there was Mathias Lannan or any patriot. print, but with the passing years neither jug nor stirabout on the Perhaps that is why the story their antiquity and folklore sill. You see, you should never was more attractive. value prompts me to write them interfere with the "Good The Lannan burial plot is in down lest they be lost forever in People". "She was a fairy Old Leighlin graveyard: it is the limbo of forgotten things. woman" and that was that! marked by a memorial to Patrick On a winter's evening in 1914 I A few days later I met another Sparling whose mother was a sat in the house of Patrick great folklorist who had lived Lannan. Dermody of Oldtown. There in most of her life in Scotland. She front of a great fire of "scaughs" was a Mrs. McEntyre whose I listened enthralled to the fairy mother was also a Lannan. She ••• stories told by his wife Julia, told me the same story almost Patrick Kehoe whose maiden name was word for word. Her summing up Lannan. was that it may have been the executed at Carlow One story ran thus. Years and mother of the children who was There is another strange and years ago away back before my "sent back" to tide the children disjointed piece of folklore about grandfather's time the Lannans over the difficult time, or it might a macabre journey at night to lived on a little farm away have been a good Protestant disinter and bring home the beyond the hill of Old Leighlin. body of one of the Kehoe family There were two boys and three of Orchard. girls. They were poor but happy The tellers of the story were and sure no one had much then completely lost as to the time of but the "landed gentry". the happening, the real identity Then the mother got a Light of the person, or the distance 'wasting' disease and died in the involved, only that it had to be monthofMarch. Butworsethan taken from a town by stealth. that was to befall. The Red Coats The wheels of the cart were (Yeomanry) came and took away and bound with sacking and the the poor father and he was never horses' hooves were muffled and seen again. And there were the the axles were well greased. Two children - the oldest a girl of 14 Shadow or more men were involved and years left to starve in the the whole operation was carried "Hungry month of June". out in silence, secrecy, and at the Then one fine morning the on 1798 dead of night. little girl was up first and there By Alan Doran Could it be possible that the on the sill of the window outside body of Patrick Kehoe of stood a big jug full of oatmeal Leighlin, who was executed at "stirabout" with a dash of milk Carlow in June 1798 was taken. on top; and yet not a soul or home in this way. If so from sinner did she see coming or woman, a neighbour who was where? Could those men have going from the place. afraid to be seen giving help to ventured to take the body from people mixed up in the 'troubles'. the gravel pit in Graiguecullen? From Mrs. McEntyre I learned We know that this pit which was ••• the location of the house. The described then as the Croppy She divided out the food and little place is now embraced in a Hole remained open for many that night she washed the jug larger holding, but the walls of days to receive the bodies of and left it out on the window sill many who were convicted and the deserted house still stand. I '°- and lo and behold! there it was The last time I visited the put to death after the attack on the next morning full to the top place was on a cold, wet Autumn Carlow. again. And so it went on as the evening as the wind wept and An eye witness saw the first of days dragged into weeks. sighed through the hedgerows. those victims passing through Towards the end of July when I looked on the window, the Castle Street. She recognised the the few potatoes were nearly in gable, the lonely lane and stood bodies of the Whelan brothers of . and the cow was near her time to where i thought the boys hid so Upper Tomard as they were calve, the two boys got bold and, long ago, and thought that if taken on a cart to GraiglleCIIJlen. unknown to the sister, decided to anywhere in the world such a A letter which she 1atl!!r wrote catch out the doer of good. They bizarre story could find truth it from America was flll)Jlished got up before the crack of dawn was here; in this lonely little about 60 years ago. and hid behind the ditch across homestead in Seskinrea. The storyisextramdinary, but the yard where they could watch William Farrell, the author of the body of 25 yemr aid Patrick the window and sure enough Carlow in 1798, was forced to Kehoe of I aghlin. who died there_ they saw a lovely lady witness the death of one Mathias June 1798 was ..,.,_. in the coming down the lane. She left a Lannan. He did not know the family plot in Dwnw:lney. His full jug on the sill of the window man before that time. Farrell name alone is ue eiW on the and took the empty one. As she thought he was a Protestant and tombstone which.._ against passed by the gable into the lane probably a local man, he was one of the table .-es of the she looked hard and long at the once a sailor and was described Kehoes of Ou:lwatl.. He was hedge where the boys were as elderly. He had been wounded brought back frllla Carlow. r 18 d /7?n:1,,k ffh~ /J,J . UP7// 7)~~ ----- .l/ /,,L,.47,t,,.?:@~ y,.µ;V)~5- fr#/AA ~~~A:.~o.t:'k

Taken from the ledger of James Hackett, Innkeeper and Wholesale Merchant, who occupied the Inn at Leighlin which was central to local history of 1798.

The unusual is not out of place Ministers of Religion. Right was half barrel of beer from 'The in Dunleckney Cemetery. A little right, wrong was wrong. It was Beehive Inn' at the foot of the way to the east of Patrick up or down; and that was that - bridge in Leighlin and danced to Kehoe's tombstone stands a 'Hell open for sinners'. The the small hours of the morning. memorial erected by the parents Carmelites were still ministering They then went off to raid of a boy from a distant county to the spiritual needs of most of Dunleckney Manor for arms: who was fatally wounded in an the people of Leighlin Parish their attack was beaten off by ·engagement during the War of and since the passing of the Beauchamp Bagenal and his Independence and was buried Catholic Relief Bill they had defenders. This engagement was .. here at night. returned to Iivein the ruins of the written of in Ryan's History. It was Mrs. Eileen Breen of old monastery beside the Black Local tradition indicates that Main Street, Bagenalstown who Castle. the rebels were well watched first brought my attention to the And then at a dark and that night and after the disaster Tombstone of Patrick Kehoe. unearthly hour of night came a at Carlow they were all named. And her research also proves knock on the door of the 'Bad Two men, suspected of giving that there were several House'. "who goes there"? came information were murder~d executions dating from as early from within. "Me and the mot" within a few years after the as the 31st May, 1798. This came the ready password. The rising. One was brutally done to untiring researcher also found door was opened and a cowled death as he passed over the the grave of the Farrells of Friar stepped into the house of bridge in Leighlin at a late hour Carlow, the ancestors of the sin. He swept the cord from of night in some type of light author of "Carlow in 98". about his waist and lashed out at vehicle. The attackers wrecked the occupants, fulminating the vehicle and brought it to a terrible words of damiuition on stop at the foot of the bri~g~ near ••• them. Some ducked out behind the castle. Old people still living Jack Kinsella the Friar and fled into the in the 1930s said that there was a and others darkness, but the rest of them ghostly re-enactme-nt of that About the year 1797 there was attacked the Friar and would terrible happening heard many a 'Bad House' kept on the probably have killed him but for times by people who were born to outskirts of Leighlinbridge. It one young client who turned on see or hear such things. was a type of club effort with them like a whirlwind, wrecked dice, cards and other amuse­ the place and knocked out more ••• ments of a far less savoury than half of them. He then Humphrey Worthington, nature. It was not open to accompanied the Carmelite to Paul Cullen, Jack and allcomers and had indeed a the foot of the old bridge, where special password for members. It the unrelenting Friar forced him Garret Kinsella was a time of passwords, a time to his knees in the gravel to be At the fair of Orchard on 31st geared to secret societies and "Shriven". When that was done May, 1797 two of Horace passwords, and indeed this he swished away across the Rochfort's Yeomen offended practice was the main cause of bridge leaving the bemused some people of that village. On the destruction of some of the Kinsella still on his knees. On their way home to Clogrennane societies; learn the password top of the bridge he turned and the Yeomen were overpowered and you were in on the secrets. said "One thing I promise you, and disarmed at the Pike of This story is an example of how Kinsella, your fists will never Powerstown and got a heavy easily the most unlikely and fail you". trouncing. But the arrival of a unwelcome person could barge And tradition said they never gentleman and his retinue of in on a secret venue. did fail him. servants at the Pike saved them It was also a time when there On the 23rd May 1 798 a group from serious injury or worse was no back-pedalling with the of young rebels brought out a (according to the depositions of 19 the latter at Carlow assizes). The anonymity by a bitter lampoon contenders. He then increased four assailants were heavily which I last heard in the 1930s. the stake and challenged again. fined and bound to the King's His name was Lacey from Old Then a big man pushed through Peace for one year. They were Leighlin area. His name was the crowd and stood before him. Ryan, McAssey, Moran and coupled with Denis Carey. The hustler looked hard, then their ring leader Humphrey During the time Michael Farrell raised his hand and cried, "Bar Worthington, all from the one was held prisoner in Leighlin one! bar one! Jack Kinsella!" area, Powerstown, Garryhunden. there were about 21 prisoners And so~------we must leave Jack.~- Time matters little in that almost all of whom were flogged In a very factual book written area. Their descendants are still and most of them were executed. by Dr. Fitzpatrick on the life of there. I doubt if any of those wild These terrible scenes took Brother Paul O'Connor who was men kept the peace. place in a lane still known as born at Rathornan, close to the On the night of the 25th May, "Murderin' Lane" which runs homes of Cullen and Kinsella, 1798 came the attack on Carlow south off High Street, we find an extraordinary by the United Irishmen. The Leighlinbridge. The entry is now retrospect. disastrous defeat and the built up. But if you examine the About 12 years after the 1798 appalling carnage is well high wall on the right linking Rising the young Paul O'Connor written into history. Tom Glespin's and Billy was on his way home from Terror swept through the Murphy's properties you will see school at Leighlinbridge. He county as the Yeomanry went the curb stones which protected began to search for wild through the land seeking out the corners of the narrow entry, strawberries in the Lodge by the rebels. It was truly 'a lottery of they stand aslant in the base of road and discovered two large death'. / the wall. silver shoe buckles. He brought During that time Humphrey them home to his mother who Worthington swam across the knew they belonged to one of the Barrow from Powerstown to ••• young men who were taken in Rathornan and came to Craan Jack Kinsella again that fateful year. She in turn by night to warn Paul Cullen (tradition) brought the buckles to the that he was about to be taken Some years after the Rising on mother of the young man. She and his life was in danger. For recognised them immediately some reason the Cullen family the waterfront in New York on a Sunday evening the 'hardest and wept over them. This did not act on that warning and supports the oral tradition of the Paul did not take to the hills. men in the World' were there to gamble and fight. A gentleman struggle on the road. whom we would now call a The passage of time has ••• hustler threw down a fistful of brought many changes on that Next day a Platoon of Yeomen silver dollars on the floor of a old road to Craan, Rathornan came to take Paul and also two boxing ring and shouted "cover and Tomard. But the wild young men from Rathornan, this and find a man who can put strawberries still grow where Garret Kinsella and his brother, me down". His bet was taken young Paul O'Connor picked the redoubtable Jack Kinsella. and he disposed of two them so long ago. They were to be taken in for .------­ questioning; the boys dressed in their best and went along, but Mental Mimes for Museum Times they never returned. On a lonely part of the road the Yeomen A period of despondent feeling began to strip them of anything and senses reeling of value which they possessed. has given way At this Jack Kinsella roared "By God! boys we're already dead to ordered days and times men" and a desperate struggle inducing a myriad of mental mimes took place in which Jack escaped designed to cut the passage by jumping through the hedge. of these days and times He ran like the wind for the stretching before me Barrow and swam across to breeding no initial sense of cheer " Orchard. The two Yeomen who like a custodial sentence were sent in pursuit of him were for one year said to be from Seskin ( a in a museum neighbouring townland). It was tracing tracts of time said they deliberately missed of my own place when they fired on him in the water. Across the river he found through decades, centuries. friends and eventually got away to America. The custodian Paul Cullen and others were also seeking tried and executed by a firing sense of space and place squad. Garret Kinsella was a place apart hanged with Denis Carey of Old to reconnect the senses Leighlin, the Broughan brothers undreamed of, of Moanmore, Jack Hughes, Compensations, Jack Brennan, Michael Carroll, Recompenses. n'at T Mathias Lannan and many r, "ones others unknown. One young From his recent book of poems "Embroidered Existance". man's name was snatched from 20 Historical Background to Coolyhune Star Fort By Ina Doyle

HE time has come when a cost of £350 (dated Dublin Tpeople are more than ever December 5th, 1581 and signed interested in our national history, by the Lords of the Council). Sir a history to be read without Anthony Colclough, then prejudice and studied impartial­ knighted, was appointed ly. In tracing nationality surely Captain of the Fort. The Fiant the true Irish were the small records that the fort was built to dark people known as Firbolgs command the River Barrow and who were in Ireland when the protect the trade of Ross fromthe Celts camefrom Europe centuries Irish (Fiant 4043). The Fort was .. B.C. abandoned in 1634 as a place of It was these Celts who laid the defence and the garrison paid off foundation for an elegant and discharged. civilization influencing and In an article "Lost Architecture enriching Irish life for some two of the Wexford Plantation" in thousand years; a civilization Wexford History and Society christianised by St. Patrick that reference is also made to the survives to the present time. Fort, built to strengthen the Plantation. "Its remains consist While Ireland has been Model of Coolyhune Fort made by Ina of a regular pentagonal fort with invaded by Dane, Norman and Doyle now on display in County fivebastions on top of the hill". Saxon who may have obtained Carlow Museum. This star shaped fort at possession of portions of Irish Coolyhune, built as a result of land it must be said morally four centuries of strife, has Ireland and the Irish people were In the latter half of the 14th survived wind and weather on never conquered. History Century Richard II was forced · its high pinnacle for a further records invaders like Fitz­ by Art McMurrough to return four centuries; likewise the stephen, and Richard Earl of with his· mighty army to Kavanagh family who now Pembroke, known as Strongbow England. Art won an historic reside at Borris House, their who crossed from England in battle in 1408 at Athcroe over the ancestral home. 1169-1170, as Norman adventu­ forces of the Lord Lieutenant. rers, who came not in England's Art, however died after drinking interests but in search of land, a poisoned draught at New Ross ••• wealth and power. in 1416. They came at the express Comerford's History recalls The present owner of the Star invitation of Dermot McMurr­ the Castle of Polmonty as the Fort at Coolyhune, Mr. Joseph ough, an Irish chief, to help him residence of the Chief of the Doyle, has in his possession in his struggle with other Irish Kavanagh Clan. Here in 1545 official documents confirming chiefs. These Normans built Cahir MacArt and Gerald Mac its purchase, by his late father themselves into tribal alliances Cahir of Garryhill had fierce Mr. John Doyle from the and often inter-marriedwith the contentions about their Kavanagh family, dated 22nd Irish th us giving the English territory. November, 1924. A condition of king Henry II claim toauthori ty, Cahir Mac Art secured sale was that the beech trees, .. derived .from the feudal possession and, being in revolt, growing inside the walls of the obligations of his subjects who was pursued by the Lord Deputy fort, were not to be cut; and some acquired land here. who burned his country and of them still remain marked with obliged him to make formal a K. submission to the English king. Carloviana 1987188 featured ••• According to the Annals of the an article, Coolyhune Star Fort; The course of Irish history locality recorded in the Town while its discriptive content is changed so lastingly.• While and County of Wexford the accurage (courtesy of Mr. E. W. Dermot invited the Normans, lordships of St. Molyins was Hughes), its history content is his successors proved themselves committed to the care of Cahir purely speculative and debatable, to be bitter enemies of the Anglo­ Mac Art, who continued to however, further research has Normans and fought the harassthe English and seize the revealed the data which I have English for centuries; notably goods of the traders on the now submitted. Maurice· Kavanagh, who in the Barrow. In 1581 Sir Henry Wallop I wish to record my thanks to Carlow 14th Century compelled the ICA for promoting an interest in local English King Edward II to pay commissioned Anthony Col­ history, to the sponsors who made annual payment of eighty clough to erect a strong fort projects possible and to my many marks, known as the "black against the depredations of the friends, who wish to remain anonymous, rent". Kavanaghs (Crean Mac Cahir) at fortheir help towards various projects. 21 Some Ballitore Shackletons By Frank Taaffe

HE Shackletons of Ballitore were generally a few parlour "Besides a constant regular T were members of the Society boarders who were, for the attendance of the particular and of Friends. Abraham Shackleton, most part, grave young men. general meetings to which he of Yorkshire ancestry, came to Several French men and boys more immediately belonged, he Ireland as a private tutor to two came here in the time of my paid frequent visits, in company County Carlow families in 1720. grandfather, to learn English with friends, to meetings in He served the families of John and they left the name of 'the several parts of this nation, and Duckett of Duckett's Grove, and French Room' to a large several times attended the William Cooper of Cooper's Hill apartment in which they yearly meeting in London. until he married, at 29 years of slept. Two Norwegians were On Midsummer day 1771 age, Margaret Wilkinson of also sent to this school, the Abraham Shackleton died. His Skipton in Yorkshire. Immed­ only natives of that country son Richard had lost his first iately afterwards he moved to who were ever at it. They were wife, the former Elizabeth the small village of Ballitore, both from Drontheim, perfect Fuller, on 19th May 1754 and he County Kildare, where~ he strangers to one another. married Elizabeth Carleton on established a boarding school 17th October 1755. There were for instruction in polite Perhaps the most famous four children of the second literature and business training. pupil of Shackleton's school was marriage, including Mary Edmund Burke who enrolled Shackleton born 1st December, with his brothers Garrett and 1758 . ••• Richard on 26th May 1741. He The Society of Friends had was to remain a pupil in ••• established a meeting in the Ballitore until 1744 when he left village of Ballitore while the to enter Trinity College Dublin. Mary Shackleton, or Mary surrounding towns of Athy, Other famous pupils of the Leadbeater as she is now known, Carlow and Castledermot were Shackletons were James Napper was, and remains to this day the also well established centres of Tandy who came to the village most distinguished member of Quakerism. Shackleton's new school on 5 April 17 49, while the Quaker Community in school was well located to cater local boy Paul Cullen, born at Ballitore. She was an authoress for the needs of the local Quaker Prospect, Mullaghmast was to of some merit and a correspon­ communities. In March 1726 the spend four years in the school, dent over a long number of years, boarding school opened its doors from 1803-1807. He was later to with Edmund Burke, George to receive its first pupils. The fees achieve fame initially as Rector Crabbe, Sir Joshua Reynolds were £6 per quarter. Five young of the Irish College in Rome, and and others. Throughout most of boys were enrolled. John Fuller, later as Cardinal Cullen Primate her life she kept a diary which Samuel Watson, Richard of Ireland. was to be posthumously Braddock, Thomas Braddock published in 1862 as the and Charles Braddock were the Leadbeater Papers. However her first of almost one thousand ••• first published work was pupils who would come to the It is of interest to note that Extracts and original Anecdotes Ballitore School before its final entering a Quaker School, a for the Improvement of Youth. closure in 1834. The Duckett pupil remained there until his This was to be described as one family was well represented in schooling was completed. There of the first attempts to introduce the first year's intake. On 6th was no holidays and the literature of an interesting yet March 1726 Thomas, William, scholars were usually parted instructive character into the John, Abraham and James from their parents for the whole juvenile libraries of the Irish Duckett were enrolled in the of their school life. Quakers. It appeared in 1794, school. The boarding school's Abraham Shackleton retired three years after her marriage to success was assured when 26 as headmaster of the Ballitore William Leadbeater. Leadbeater new pupils came to Ballitore in School in 1 756 when he handed first came to Ballitore as a non 1 727. Thereafter the school's over to his son Richard. His Quaker pupil of Richard development was reflected in an remaining years were spent Shackleton and later returned to intake of overseas pupils and "either in religious visits or in the village and became a pupils of non Quaker back­ cultivating his land". In 1769 he member of the Society of ground. Of the school in 1766 attended the yearly Quaker Friends. A descendent of a Mary Leadbeater, grand­ meeting in London, and Huguenot refugee family, he daughter of Abraham Shackle­ afterwards visited for the last acquired land in Ballitore where ton, was to write in her journals time his illustrious pa·st pupil he remained until he died in 1827. later to be published as The Edmund Burke at the latter's Mary Leadbeater's first Annals of Ballitore - home in Beaconsfield. publication generally available The Friends of the monthly to the public was a book of poetry The School consisted of fifty meeting of Carlow in their published in 1808. In 1811 the and sometimes sixty boarders testimony of him dated 26th first series of her "Cottage besides day scholars. There February 1774 stated • Continued page 23 22 URING the past year chang­ employment of another Care­ D es were made in some of the taker had been approved. exhibits which evoked more The person appointed has than a little praise from some of Museum given all round satisfaction; we the visitors. It was decided to wish him well. Also in recent change the model Threshing Set weeks we had the pleasure of a to a larger case where it could be visit from Donncha 6 Dulaing admired from all sides; the during his walk through the change took a couple of weeks to town for the Wheelcha.1r accomplish as the intention was Association. Mrs. Crombie gave to be able to put it in motion to an address of welcome at the interest youthful visitors. Croppy Graves. During the transfer operation r recounted a story in the it was discovered that some of museum of the Maher brothers the tiny parts had deteriorated Report whose deaths led to the planting and needed replacing; this took of the 3 trees in the Croppy plot longer than expected but By Alec Bums by their mother. everything is in order now and Although steps were taken we hope it will continue to give from early in the year to provide satisfaction to old and young preserve the good standard some exhibitions during the year .. enthusiasts. which the Museum maintains. regrettably, all the embassies A couple of the old banners of We deplored the loss of Dr. Pat contacted replied regretting they the Sacred Heart Sodality were Jones who was an excellent had nothing, but the National donated by the Administrator of curator and wish him every Institutions failed to even the Cathedral and remind some success with his latest work, a acknowledge our request. of the town's older inhabitants book of poems, which we hope Praise for the museum layout of the 40 hours' devotion which will be a great financial and and exhibits continues to be culminated with the colourful cultural success. expressed by visitors; this gives procession to St. Patrick's It gave great satisfaction us great satisfaction and College where the final when a few weeks ago, the local reinforces our desire to keep up Benediction was celebrated. office of FAS gave us the good the effort to make it one of the Other minor changes helped to news that the grant for the town's desirable amenities.

at the beginning of the 19th portion of Mary Leadbeater's Shackletons century. It remains a valuable if own correspondence with underrated source of Irish social George Crabbe and Mrs. Trench • Continued from page 22 history. In the same year there in Volume 2. The first volume Dialogues of the Irish appeared her "Memoirs and consisted of the Annals of Peasantry" appeared followed Letters of Richard and Elizabeth Ballitore, being the diary which by a second series in 1813. Prior Shackleton". This was a work Mary Leadbeater had kept from· to the appearance of the devoted to the memory of her 1766 until 1824. The Annals Leadbeater Papers some 36 beloved parents and consisted gave a faithful picture of an Irish years after her death, the largely of letters written by her Quaker village in the 18th and Cottage Dialogues were the father Richard Shackleton early 19th century. Her works for which she was best during the years 1751 to 1792. description of events in the known. The testimony of the Carlow village of Ballitore during the Primarily intended to give Monthly Meeting respecting rebellion of 1798 were an instruction and improve the Richard Shackleton shares with impartial and consequently the lives of Irish cottagers the first a letter from Edmund Burke to most accurate account of that series was directed at the Mary Leadbeater following the terrible period in Irish history. womanfolk, while the second death of her father, pride of place series concentrated on the Irish in the book. In the testimony the Mary Leadbeater's works are male. The works attracted the meeting referred to Shackleton all but forgotten today, but to her attention of Richard and Maria as "a kind, affectionate contemporaries she occupied an Edgeworth who were responsible husband, a tender and careful important place in the Irish for publishing an English father, a good neighbour, liberal literary scene. Her value lies not edition which included notes and generous, especially in the moralistic times of the illustrative of the character and exemplary in anything relating Cottage Dialogues or in the manners ofthe1rish prepared by to the wants of our Society". evangelic script of the Pedlar, Maria. A third series of the Mary Leadbeater's last but rather in the descriptive Dialogues which remained in published work during her work which was produced as manuscript at the time of the lifetime was a little book called Cottage Biography and as the author's death was subsequently The Pedlars written for the social chronicler of the Annals. published with the earlier series Kildare Place Society in 1824. As a third generation as one volume. She died at Ballitore on 27th Shackleton in Ballitore her life In 1813 appeared The June 1826. Her most important and those of her contemporaries Landlord's Friend, to be work was to await publication in in an Irish village ' are followed in 1814 by Tales for 1862. Entitled the Leadbeater encapsulated for all time in the Cottagers. In 1822 Mary Papers the two volume work beautifully simple writing of a Leadbeater published Cottage consisted of the correspondence Quaker girl and woman whose Biography, a simple yet effective between Richard Shackleton Annals are a classic of their depiction of Irish country people and Edmund Burke and a kind. 23 member of the Committee, was imposing building was vacant Sunday, 14 August to the always ready to do any work for some years until it was taken Tullamore district. Unfortunate­ required. She also thanked the over by Mr. and Mrs. Colloton. ly it clashed with other outings lecturers who had given such We were very impressed with the and had to be cancelled. interesting talks and Dr. P. marvellous renovation which Clonmore: The members of Jones who was so very helpful in the new owners have carried out the O.C.S. were invited to the the Museum. in a few years. Mrs. Colloton was celebrations in Clonmore, Secretary, S. O'Leary, gave a a delightful guide to the various Hacketstown in honour of the detailed account of the year's rooms in the mansion. Certainly writers and patriots, John activities. Dunleckney Manor can compare McCall and his son P. J. on Treasurer, Mrs. M. Fenlon, very favourably with any of the Sunday, 11 September. There explained the various items on show houses in Ireland. It is was a huge gathering ofMcCalls the Balance Sheet. She was indeed fortunate that the from all over Ireland and pleased that there was an beautiful building has escaped beyond. At the old homestead, improvement in the payment of the fate of many such houses Mr. Edward McDonald, who subscriptions. She thanked the throughout the country. organised the celebrations, Secretary for his help during the Meath: On Sunday, 19 June welcomed the visitors and spoke year. Mrs. Fenlon was there was a full day outing to Co. of the two great men, John and complimented on the satisfactory Meath. En route we had morning P. J. He hoped that a suitable state of the finances. coffee in The Coffee Thyme in memorial to them would be Editor, T. McGabhann, said Swords. First to be visited was erected in Clonmore in the near they had hoped to produce a Monasterboice with its well­ future. similar sized Carloviana as last preserved Monastery and High Mass in Irish was celebrated year but it was not possible as Cross. Then to the world famous in the Old Church by an tAthair the two Banks that sponsored pre-historic burial mound at Seamus De Bhal, Sagart the journal then could not give New Grange. A very efficient Par6iste i nGuaire, Co. Loe financial help. He praised Mr. W. guide explained its construction Garman. The lovely Irish of the Ellis for his valuable assistance and history. From New Grange celebrant and the beautiful in producing the journal and we proceeded to the massive singing of the Male Voice Choir especially for his splendid remains of Bective Abbey and from Rathangan, Co. Wexford photographs. He thanked A. thence to see the ramparts in were outstanding features of the Burns for his help in distributing Navan. In Trim Mr. Seamus Mass. After the Mass a wreath the journal. After discussion it Keaveney conducted us around was placed on the McCall was unanimously decided that the various historic buildings on Memorial in the adjoining the journal continue to be issued an eminence in the town. Mr. graveyard by Mr. Dick Lambert, annually. Keaveney has a wonderful Chairman of Eigse P. J. McCall Mr. A. Burns, Chairman of the knowledge of the history of the Wexford. A lovely tea was Museum Committee, said the place. We were very impressed provided for the visitors in the Museum was holding its own with the way the various Old School by a very efficient and attendances were very buildings and surrounding Ladies Committee. This was followed by a most enjoyable satisfactory. Mr. Seamus grounds were kept in perfect Murphy had erected a cement condition. In the evening we had Social. Ballads by P. J. McCall plinth to display the Wall Coat of High Tea in The Wellington and other Wexford songs were Arms and a framed document Court Hotel. beautifully rendered by a quartet giving the history of the Wall from Rathangan. An exhibition family was placed beside it. Mrs. ••• of Irish Dancing was given by a Ina Doyle had given the loan of a Killarney: On Sunday, 10 group from Clonmore. During the evenil)g interesting talks model of Coolvhume Star Fort. July there was a full-day outing about John and P. J. McCall Very Rev. Fr.McNamara A.D.M. to Killarney. En route there was a delightful coffee break in Cahir were given by Mr. Dick Roche, a had presented two old Sodality journalist from Dublin and by Banners for display. He praised House Hotel. First to be visited in Killarney was the Transport Mr. Eddie McDonald. The day Dr. P. Jones on improvements he was a most enjoyable Irish get­ had made in the display of fossils, Museum which was most interesting. Then to Ross Castle together and it is to be hoped minerals and other exhibits and that it will be an annual affair. for printing cards for the followed by a really delightful photographic exhibition. He hour long cruise on the lake. As it Museum was a really brilliant day the thanked K. Kennedy, J. Moran We regretted that Dr. P. Jones' and F. McKenna for their help in lake with its many beautiful islands and the surrounding employment in the Museum erecting the stands for the ended on 29 April as he was a exhibitions. He is giving his own mountains made an enchanting picture. Muckross House with its really competent curator and collection of artifacts to the took a real interest in the Museum and hoped they would fascinating Museum was then visited. Regretably we could not Museum. With his wide be of interest to visitors. knowledge and experience he Suggestions for the Summer spend more time enjoyin-g · that ornate mansion. Finally the was invaluable as a guide to the Outings were discussed and it various sections of the Museum. was -left to the incoming beautiful Cathedral standing in spacious grounds was visited Unfortunately, due to economic Committee to decide on the restrictions, we were unable to venues. followed by High Tea in the Arbutus Hotel. Those on this get a successor and the Museum Outings outing certainly enjoyed could open only on Sundays all Dunleckney: On Thursday Heaven's Reflex. through the Summer. However, evening 19 May Dunleckney Tullamore: An afternoon we are glad to learn that it may Manor ' was visited. This outing was arranged for • Continued Page 28 26 "These great men in the great universities of the world have bowed down and paid tribute to the intellectual supremacy of our boy from Leigh/in" Father Michael Maher Compiled by William Ellis

ICHAEL Maher was born M at Church Street, Leighlin­ bridge, Co. Carlow on April 29, 1860. He attended the famous school of Mr. Conwell which had produced so many scholars of Church and State. Among his school companions were the brothers, Patrick and John Foley who served the Diocese of Kildare and Leighlin so well, Patrick as Bishop and John as President of St. Patrick's College, Carlow. At an early age Michael went to the famous Jesuit school of Father Michael Maher. Tullabeg, Co. Offaly which was Photo courtesy of English Province, Society of Jesus, Mount Street, London. then under the rectorship of an uncle of his, the famous William at St. Mary's Hall, Stonyhurst, a new book and has gained for Delaney, S.J., LL.D. While the Jesuit house of studies in the author a world-wide attending that school he philosophy for young members reputation in this special attained a B.A. degree from of the Society. branch of scholarship. So London University to which In 1890 Michael Maher prominent were the merits of Tullabeg was then affiliated. published his first edition of this book that the Senate of Psychology, a publication which the London University ••• he revised and updated nine conferred on its author the On October 2, 1880 he joined times before he died. He also Doctorate of Literature the English Province of the contributed many articles to without any further test. Jesuit Order at Roeha.mpton. He journals and magazines, When it is known that this began his philosophy course in· including Dublin Review; The coveted distinction was 1882 and on its completion in Month; Catholic Encyclopaedia. conferred only ten times since 1885 he was appointed to the lay It was his work in Psychology the University of London * philosophers' staff at Stonyhurst that was to bring him into the was established ... College where he remained until front ranks as a brilliant writer. ... As a rule the reports of 1891. During this time he took The following extract is from University examiners are his M.A. degree in Philosophy an appreciation published at the very brief, and confine and Economics from London time of his death in The themselves to a bald University (1887). Nationalist & Leinster Times:- statement that such a Fourteen years after joining "Several editions of his candidate 'had qualified' or the Jesuits, Michael Maher was book were called for and each 'attained sufficient marks'. ordained at St. Beuno's College edition was revised and In regard to Father Maher in North Wales, on September brought more up-to-date in the examiners report that he 23, 1894. After ordination he view of the ever-widening had submitted as thesis a spent some time in France. sphere of modem psycholog­ work entitled Psychology 1896 saw him back in ical literature. The second Empirical and Rational, and Stonyhurst lecturing to lay edition, published in 1900 philosophers once again until entitled Psychology Empirical 1903. In 1903 he became superior and Rational was practically * London University got its Charterin 1836 27 that in consideration of the special excellence of this thesis they recommend that the degree of Doctor of Literature be conferred on him without any further examina­ tion." The examiners further report:- "The author is a good psychologist and a philosoph­ ical thinker of independent judgement; his criticisms prove the author to be a man of acut~ powers of mind, both in his special subject of Psychology and in the larger questions of Epistemology and Metaphysics, which the plan of the work includes." The writer of the appreciation House in Church Street, Leighlinbridge in which Father continues:- Maher was born. Photo: W. Ellis. "The foregoing statement was signed by Professor Stout Father Maher longed to die, High Mass was Very Rev.James of Oxford and by Professor and asked those around him to Coyle P.P. and among the large Alexander, Victoria Univer­ pray that he might do so, and number of clergy present were sity, Manchester. These great hoped to be in Heaven for the his school companions, Most men in the most famous feast of our Lady's Nativity, to Rev. Dr. Patrick Foley, Bishop of universities of the world have whom he obviously had a great Kildare & Leighlin and Very bowed down and paid tribute devotion. Rev. John Foley, D.D., President to the intellectual supremacy His prayers were answered for St. Patrick's College. of our boy from Leighlin." he died at Petworth, Sussex, "Is not this something of England on September 3, 1918. Sources: Letters and Notices, a Jesuit which the people of Carlow, On Monday, September 23, publication; The Nationalist & 1918 an Office and Requiem Leinster Times; Rev. T. G. Holt, and the people of Leighlin, S.J., Archivist English Prov­ and above all the friends and Mass was celebrated for the ince of the Society of Jesus; relations of Father Maher repose of his soul in his native Hamlyn Dictionary of dates may feel justly proud. He was Leighlinbridge. Celebrant of the and anniversaries. a great scholar, a profound thinker, a brilliant writer, a veritable mine of intellectual Secretary's Report wealth which was always at • Continued from Page 26 Miss Kathleen Reynolds, the service of the great cause be possible to get a caretaker in Church Street, Graiguecullen of sound Christian education the near future. who died on 19 May was a to which he had devoted his member for very many years life. Let it be a comfort to his Carloviana and always took a deep interest many friends to remember Once again we must congratulate in the activities of the Society. that he has done a great work, the Editor, Mr. Tomas On 18 September, Paddy the good effects of which will MacGabhann on the excellence Kelly, Riverside died unexpect­ survive after we have all of this year's Carloviana. He edly. Paddy with his wife Nancy passed away." succeeded in getting a fine looked forward to enjoying our Among the many posts that selection of instructive and outings and lectures when they Father Maher held were, interesting contributions and joined the Society recently. Examiner for the Diploma in the pictures, especially that of However, God decided that Teaching for the Royal the College Staircase on the Paddy was to go on his last cover, were much admired. journey to the Celestial University oflreland, and on the Kingdom. foundation of the National University oflreland he retained Obituary I bFlaitheas De go raibh an the same position. Regretably three of our triur acu. During the last years of his members passed to their Eternal Reward during the year. On 8 Thanks life, Father Maher suffered from Once again I wish to thank indifferent health and had to January, Mrs. Olive Kennedy, Oakley Park, Graiguecullen, a Mrs. M. Jordan, St. Mary's Park, retire from active ministry. His Alec Burns, College Street and Mass on the Feast of the young wife and mother died after a rather long illness James Moran, Bunin Street for Assumption, August 15, 1917 distributing circulars in their was to be his last until the same patiently borne. Olive, with her husband, Kevin and children areas and ''The Nationalist & Feast in 1918 when he was Leinster Times" for the excellent allowed to offer Mass again. On rarely missed an outing and enjoyed them to the full. It is sad publicity given to the Old August 24 he celebrated his last Carlow Society. Mass, for the next day he was to think we will not have the pleasure of her company any Sean O'Leary, confined to bed. He received the 14 October, 1988. Last Rites on the 27th. more. 28 Aidan Murray

N 26 October, Carlow lost his death he was Secretary of Oone of its most brilliant and Carlow Branch of the Retired popular sons when Aidan Teachers' Association. Murray passed to his Eternal Reward in St.James' Hospital in He was a gifted Irish scholar Dublin. Genuine regret was and was one of the organisers of expressed by all who knew him. the great Feiseanna in the 20s Aidan was indeed a unique and 30s and the St. Patrick's person. His interests were Day Concerts. He had a legion. One wondered how he wonderful collection of books in had time for all his activities. Irish and English and different For 40 years he was a subjects and was an avid reader dedicated teacher in Carlow of prose and poetry. CBS where he took a personal He was a life-long member of interest in the progress of his Carlow Rugby Club in which he pupils. held various offices. He seldom From childhood, when he missed a big match in attended St. Leo's for piano Lansdowne Road. To mark their lessons, he took a great interest appreciation of his services in music. He trained school Carlow Rugby Club recently choirs; founded the Carlow made him a presentation. For Septet and Graiguecullen Male many years too Aidan was a Voice Choir both of which were member of Carlow Golf Club and often heard on Radio and in Carlow Rowing Club. concerts in many parts of the In his shop in Dublin Street country; he was a member of The late Mr. Aidan Murray which for decades was The Carlow Operatic Society; he was Sweet Shop of Carlow, Aidan an accomplished accompanist at of Britain and the Continent. He was a bright, pleasant and concerts and socials; he rarely was a veritable encyclopaedia of obliging salesman. His fund of missed Musical Festivals in information. He regularly stories and anecdotes was an Wexford and other centres, and attended O.C.S. lectures, and added attraction for the he had a comprehensive was always ready to add further customers. collection of records, tapes and detail to that given by the Down the years he was an musical works. lecturer. active member of Committees He was a founder member of He was a prominent member for various objects. He certainly The Old Carlow Society, and for of the INTO in which he held played a man's part in the life of some years was Joint Editor several offices and was delegate his native town. His death with Liam D. Bergin of to the Annual Congresses. As a leaves a void in Carlow. "Carloviana". He had a member of Carlow Vocational Imeasc na nAingeal i wonderful knowledge not only of Education Committee for many bhFalitheas Dego raibh a anam Carlow and the rest of Ireland years he was deeply involved in dilis. but, due to his extensive travels, Post-Primary Education. Up to S.O'L. Ice-Age Valley Landscape sculptured and sense of space by the ravages of time recorded from times past hardly ravages yet Past more recent given the deliberate and slow flow given the time of ice-filled flow of Ice, in lines slow and deliberate now patterned to the Eye these moving seas of Ice not lines merely, reported, yet never seen but Walls, recorded on landscape not mortared through the endless traces yet standing still I of the deliberate and slow flow through tests of time of Ice. standing still in space not still to Eye Sculptured landscape as Light plays I with patterns wrought by Nature on multi-faceted faces, in its historical flow faces, not faceted in a deliberate sense yet wrought to form by the deliberate and slow flow more by human hands of Ice. Pat Jones than by nature's deliberate and slow course From his recent book of poems "Embroidered Existance". 29 Officers and Members of the Old Carlow Society 1988/89

President Doran, Alan & Angela, Leighlinbridge, Co. Carlow. His Lordship Mo~t Rev. Dr. Patrick Lennon Doran, Peter, Rathanna, Borris, Co. Carlow. Doyle, P. M., Newtown, Borris, Co. Carlow. Doyle, Mrs. C., Sycamore Road, Rathnapish, Carlow. Life Vice-Presidents Doyle, Mrs. Kathleen, The Green, Castledermot, Co. Kildare. Mr. Liam D. Bergin, "Nationalist & Leinster Times", Tullow Doyle, Miss Nellie, Granby Row, Carlow. Street, Carlow. Doyle, Peadar & Ita, Monure, Graiguecullen, Carlow. Doyle, Thomas, Courtnellan, Borris, Co. Carlow. Mr. Alec Burns, College Street, Carlow. Duggan, W. L. & K., College Street, Carlow.

Chairperson Ellis, William, Burrin Street, Carlow. Mrs. Veronica Crombie Farrer, Noel, Dunroe, Borris, Co. Carlow. Vice-Chairman Fenlon, Mrs. Mona, "Riverville", Montgomery Street, Carlow. Alec Burns Fennell, Mrs. Eileen, Chaplestown, Carlow. FitzGerald, George, Hanover, Carlow. Secretary FitzMaurice, Mrs. B., Laurel Lodge, Carlow. Sean O'Leary Flood, Mrs. M., Knock, Ballymurphy, Co. Carlow. Flood, Miss M., Knock, Ballymurphy, Co. Carlow. Treasurer Flynn, Miss B., Burrin Street, Carlow. / Mrs. Mona Fenlon Furlong, L. U.S.A. r Editor Governey, Francis, Pollerton, Carlow. Tomas MacGabhann Greco 1, John, 17210 Dartmouth Avenue, N.W. Cleveland, Ohio, 4411 U.S.A. Committee .. Mrs. P. Maddock, Miss I. MacLeod, Miss D. Coughlan, Miss M. Hade, Miss P., Castle Street, Carlow. Kearney, Miss R. Murphy; Messrs. S. Murphy, K. Kennedy, M. Harding, Rev. B., St. John's, Kilkenny. Murphy, T. Doyle, L. Byrne, E. McDonald, J. Keogh. Haughney, Eamon, Pollerton Road, Carlow. Hayden, Miss Margaret, Old Leighlin, Co. Carlow. Auditors Healy, Pat, Pollerton Castle, Carlow. Mrs. B. Nolan, Miss B. Keyes Healy, R., College Street, Carlow. Delegates to the Historical Advisory Committee of Herriot, Miss Kathleen, Bagenalstown, Co. Carlow. Carlow County Council. Hickey, Miss Helen, Bolton Hill, Moone, Co. Kildare. Hodges, Mr. Charlie, 48 Queen Victoria Road, Claremont, Alec Burns, William Ellis S. Africa. Horohan, Mrs. M., Coolanowle, Ballickmoyler, Carlow. Museum Committee Howard, Rev. Bro., C.B.S., Athy, Co. Kildare. Mrs. P. Maddock, Miss R. Murphy, Messrs. A. Burns, S. Hughes, Mrs. Edward, Ballinabranna, Milford, Co. Carlow. Murphy, F. McKenna. Jones, Dr. Patrick, Staplestown Road, Carlow. Members Jordan, Andrew, R.N.T., Myshall, Co. Carlow. Alcock, Noel, 46 Staunton Avenue, Graiguecullen, Carlow. Jordan, Mrs. M., St. Mary's Park, Carlow. Jordan, Mrs., 9 Roncalli Place, Carlow. Bagenal, J. S., Leaside, Hertingfordbury, Herts., England. Joyce, John & Mrs., Whitehall House, Graignamanagh, Co. Bayliss, Mrs. P. S6A C13, R.R. 5. Vernon, British Columbia, Kilkenny. Canada VIT648. Boyce, M. J., Braganza, Carlow. Kavanagh, Peter, Main Street, Borris, Co. Carlow. Brady, Mrs. B., Beann Ard, Borris, Co. Carlow. Keane, Mrs. Ethel, John Street, Carlow. Brennan, Mrs. M., St. Lazerian's, Graiguecullen, Carlow. Kearney, Misses A. & M., 104 Green Road, Carlow. Brennan, Michael & Mrs., 2 Burrin Road, Carlow. Kearney, Simon, Kilnock, Ballon, Co. Carlow. Brennan, Mrs., Kilcoltrim, Borris, Co. Carlow. Kehoe, James & Mrs., Rathvinden, Leighlin bridge, Co. Carlow. Brophy, Edward, 1 Sycamore Road, Rathnapish, Carlow. Kehoe, Thomas, Dublin Street, Carlow. Buckley, Mrs. Anne, 2165 Dant Boulevard, Reno, Nevada 89509 Kelly, Mrs. N., 20 Riverside, Carlow. U.S.A. Kennedy, Edward, Kyleballyhue, Carlow. Burns, Alec, College Street, Carlow. Kennedy, Kevin, 6 Oakley Park, Graiguecullen, Carlow. Burns, C. & J., "Malasha", Killeshin Road, Carlow. Keogh, John, 56 Dublin Road, Tullow, Co. Carlow. . Butler, Thomas & Mrs., 141 Leytonstone, Stratford, London, Keyes, Miss B., 178 Duggan Avenue, Graiguecullen.c.llm. E151LH. Byrne, Mrs. A., Barrack Street, Carlow. Lennon, Mrs. M., Tullow Street, Carlow. Byrne, Rev. J., St. Patrick's College, Carlow. Lennon, Seamus, Pembroke, Carlow. Byrne, Larry, Bahanna, St. Mullins, Co. Carlow. Lillis, Major Gen. James, 2 Wynberg Park. Del I., Ca. Byrne, Mrs. Mary, Friary Lane, Castledermot Road, Carlow. Dublin. Lillis, T. J. & Mrs., Lumclone House, Fenap.C..c-1119_ Coen, Mrs. S., Kilkenny Road, Carlow. Little, Mrs. P., Montgomery Street, Carlow. Connolly, Mrs. T. Ballyfoyle, Maganey, Co. Kildare. Lyons, Paul & Carmel, Oak Park, Carlow. Conroy, Mrs., St. Mary's Park, Carlow. Coogan, John & Mrs., Castlemore, Tullow, Co. Carlow. McDonald, Mrs. A., Little Barrack Street.~ Corcoran, Mrs. B. 132 J.K.L. Avenue, Carlow. McDonald, Edward, Clonmore, Hacl!-1 2 zz;.O..c-t.-. Coughlan, Miss D. Montgomery Street, Carlow. McDonald, Joseph, "Robin Hill", Oak .....C..-. Crombie, Mrs. V. Pembroke, Carlow. McDonnell, Mrs. Carmel, "Bamagne9, '!Wllsllmd. Carlow. Cummins, Mrs. J., Dublin Road, Carlow. McDonnell, Rev. Thomas, St. Pllilil*"IIC C & c..dow. Cunnane, Very Rev. Canon James, Our Lady of the Taper McKenna,Mrs.E.,205Fr.Maber...... G -z llen,Carlow. Church, Cardigan. McKenna, Fay & Mrs., Granby a..,.c.-.. MacLeod, Miss Iona, Brapma. C'mlllm- Daly, Mrs. Ann, Shelton Grove, Terenure, Dublin 6. MacSuibhne, Very Rev. S- P.P_ ~nagh, Co. Darcy, Pat, Rathbawn, Tullow, Co. Carlow. Kilkenny. Dempsey, Randal & Mrs., Braganza, Carlow. Dobbs, Thomas, Aclare, Myshall, Co. Carlow. Maddock, Patrick &:.llm...1131'r.. ..._8-1., Graiguecullen, Dolan, Hugh, 35 Oakley Park, Tullow Road, Carlow. Carlow. Dooley, Anthony & Phil, 63 Highfield, Carlow. Magme, Mn. K.. o.lilia ..... c:..ta-. Dooley, Mrs. Mary, 14 St. Killian's Crescent, Carlow. Mealy, F---. 'n.eS.--,.C,,,..,_,__ wr, Co. Kilkenny. 30 Minchin, Mrs. Margaret, Coolnacuppogue, Corries, Oliver, Sr., Presentation Convent, Carlow. Bagenalstown, Co. Carlow. O'Meara, David, Little Sark, Ansford, Castle Cary, Somerset Monahan, Michael, 4 St. Fiacc's Terrace, Graiguecullen, BA 7 7PD England. Carlow. O'Neill, John & Mrs., "Broomvilla", Ardattin, Co. Carlow. Monahan, Patrick Tullowbeg, Tullow, Co. Carlow. O'Neill, Miss Mary, 167 Colclough Avenue, Graiguecullen, Moore, Mrs. P., Montgomery Street, Carlow. Carlow. Moran, James, Burrin Street, Carlow. O'Neill, Maurice, Kilmurray, Ballon, Co. Carlow. Mulvey, Mrs. Kathleen, Caldwell Avenue, Middle Village 11379 O'Neill, Patrick, 47 Ashgrove, Tullow Road, Carlow. New York. U.S.A. O'Shea, Rev. P. C.C., Clonegal, Co. Carlow. Murphy, Miss Mary, Knockmulgurry, Ballymurphy, Co. Carlow. Patience, Mrs. Betty, R.D. Box 18A Kingston, New York, 12401 Murphy, Moses, "Slievedurda", Borris, Co. Carlow. U.S.A. Murphy, Miss Nora, 10 Woodlawns, Borris, Co. Carlow. Patience, Russell, 24 Danker Avenue, Albany, New York 12206 Murphy, Miss Rose, Kennedy Street, Carlow. U.S.A. Murphy, Seamus & Mrs., Pollerton Little, Carlow. Patterson, Mrs. Kathleen, Mountain View, Borris, Co. Carlow. Murphy, Simon, Ballybeg, Borris, Co. Carlow. Proctor, Ms. Mary, Clonmore, Killeshin, Carlow. Murray, Mrs. Madge, 25 Dublin Street, Carlow. Purcell, Michael, Kennedy Street, Carlow.

Nevin, Martin, Leighlinbridge, Co. Carlow. Nolan, Brendan & Mrs., Burrin Street, Carlow. Ratusky, Mrs. M., Montgomery Street, Carlow. Nolan, Miss Chrissie, Burrin Street, Carlow. Reddy, Mrs. M., Rathanna, Borris, Co. Carlow. Nolan, J. J., 27 East Court Street, Iowa City, U.S.A. Redmond, Mrs. C., "Silverdale", Crossneen, Carlow. Nolan, Mrs. K., 32 Kernanstown, Bennekerry, Carlow. Redmond, Miss Elizabeth, "Silverdale", Crossneen, Carlow. Nolan, Martin, Ballyfoyle, Dunmore, Co. Kilkenny. Redmond, Thomas J. & Family, Bullock Park, Carlow. Rice, Mrs. M., Main Street, Borris, Co. Carlow. 6 Broin, An tAthair Breandan, Colaiste an Chnoic Bhig, Rossiter, Mrs., 6 Roncalli Avenue, Carlow. Ceatharloch. O'Connell, Miss Maureen, Lacken House, Borris, Co. Carlow. Shaughnessy, Miss Breda, Railway Terrace, Borris, Co. O'Connell, Michael, Lacken House, Borris, Co. Carlow. Carlow. O'Connor, Mrs. E., Borris, Co. Carlow. Sheehan, Miss Eileen, 119 Upperfield Road, Welwyn Garden O'Dea, P. & Mrs., Killeshin Road, Carlow. City, Herts., England. O'Hara, Mrs. Ann; Frederick Avenue, Carlow. Sheehan, Richard, Dunleckney, Bagenalstown, Co. Carlow. O'Hare, P. J. & Mrs., Leighlinbridge, Co. Carlow. Slater, Val, 39 Sycamore Road, Rathnapish, Carlow. O'Keeffe, Mrs. M., St. Killian's Crescent, Co. Carlow. Smyth, Miss Mary, Sleaty, Carlow. O'Leary, Angela, "Arus na Greine", Montgomery Street, Smyth, Thomas, Sleaty, Carlow. Carlow. O'Leary, Maria, "Arus na Greine", Montgomery Street, Tyrell, Miss Patricia, Main Street, Borris, Co. Carlow. Carlow. O'Leary, Paula, "Arus na Greine", Montgomery Street, Walsh, Mrs. Bridie, Glass House, Borris, Co. Carlow. Carlow. Whelan, Sean & Mrs., Montgomery Street, Carlow. O'Leary, Sean & Eileen, "Arus na Greine", Montgomery Street, Wynne, Dr. John R. W. 2230 Jefferson Avenue, West Carlow. Vancouver, B.C., Canada, VFV 2A8. Dargan Bridge A Railway Chart• I issued in the early days of the Dublin to Carlow line calls the bridge on the Dublin Road, Carlow, 'Dargan's Bridge'. It describes it as a "very large and handsome bridge, sloped to the-line of railway at an, angle of 43 degrees, the width between the parapets being 35 ft." The comment ends with the following observation: "It was built by common labourers, the masons having struck at 4s. a day for higher wages". William Dargan, who it is claimed was born at Ballyhide, County Laois near Carlow town2, was the contractor for the Dublin to Dunlaoghaire railway, the first passenger line to be built in Ireland. The contractors for the Sallins to Carlow part of the Great Southern & Western Railway were William Dargan and William McCormack, the first passenger train reaching-Carlow on 4th August, 1846 3•

Sources: 1. Irish Railway Charts, Great Southern & Western Railway, Dublin to Carlow. Published by James McGlashan, 21 D'Olier St., Dublin. 2. Carloviana, 1957. 3. The Great Southern & Western Railway by K. A. Murray & D. B. McNeil!. 1976 (Still in print) .

... Dargan's Bridge today. Photo: W. Ellis.

SPONSORS KENNEDY'S LOUNGE BAR Eat and Drink in our comtortable lounges and bar. RYAN'S FOODMARKET Home Baking. Very special take-away rates for your Christmas drinks. STAPLESTOWN ROAD, CARLOW Room available for parties and meetings. Open 7 days. Coal and Briquettes available 54, TULLOW ST., CARLOW. Phone (0503) 31518

IRISH NATIONWIDE BUILDING SOCIETY HEGARTY'S SUPERMARKET 73 BURRIN ST., CARLOW. PHONE 0503/43377 /43574 TULLOW ROAD, CARLOW BRANCH MANAGER - JOSEPH D. McDONALD M.1.A.V.I. Newsagent, Grocery, Meat, Gas

SAM MOORE & SONS LTD. CARLOW DISTRICT CREDIT UNION LTD. TULLOW ROAD, CARLOW. (0503) 31391 "IT'S WHERE YOU BELONG" Honda, Peugeot Main Dealers BURRIN ST., CARLOW. PHONE 0503/31994

31 SPONSORS MACS McKENNA & SOTHERN LTD., M.1.A.V.I. Menswear, Dress Hire Auctioneers, Valuers, Insurance Brokers 6, TULLOW ST., CARLOW. Phone 31555 37, DUBLIN ST., CARLOW. Phone (0503) 31218 All the best in Menswear District Office: Irish Nationwide Building Society

PRESCRIPTION SPECIALISTS FLY ON TO A. CORLESS M.P.S.I., Ph.C. O'CONNOR'S GREEN DRAKE INN, BORRIS Pharmacist - Optician Lounge and Restaurant - Lunches and Evening Meals 44, DUBLIN ST., CARLOW. Phone 31734 Weddings and Parties catered for

CARLOW ROWING CLUB IRISH PERMANENT BUILDING SOCIETY FOUNDED 1859 22/23 TULLOW STREET, CARLOW Youth of Carlow/Graiguecullen Phone(0503)43025/43690 always welcome Seamus Walker - Manager Carlow

EDUCATIONAL BUILDING SOCIETY FIRST NATIONAL BUILDING SOCIETY 3, BURRIN ARCADE, CARLOW CASTLE STREET CORNER, CARLOW Phone(0503)42203/42579 Phone(0503)42925 Michael Garvan - Branch Manager Con O'Neill - Branch Manager

JOHN BRENNAN & CO. LTD. MULLARKEY INSURANCES ,, BACON CURERS, CARLOW COURT PLACE, CARLOW Phone(0503)31710 Tel. No. (0503) 42295/42920 Ask for Brennan's Pork Sausages General Insurance - Life & Pensions - Investment Bonds JONES BUSINESS SYSTEMS GIFTS GALORE FROM r- MITSUBISHI FAX MACHINES, COMMODORE 64 AND GILLESPI ES APRICOT COMPUTERS. SALES AND SERVICE KENNEDY AVENUE, CARLOW BURRIN STREET, CARLOW. 0503/32595 Phone(0503)31647/42451

CARLOW PRINTING CO. LTD. DEVOY'S GARAGE LTD. FOR ALL YOUR PRINTING REQUIREMENTS TULLOW ROAD, CARLOW PHONE 0503/31512 Opel Dealers, Oil Distributors Tel. (0503) 31303

THOMAS M. BYRNE & SON KNOCKBEG COLLEGE, CARLOW Auctioneers, Valuers & Estate Agents BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL FOR BOYS 15, DUBLIN STREET, CARLOW Phone(0503)31853/31030/31008 Phone(0503)42127

STATHAM SHERIDAN LTD. CARLOW SERVICE STATION COURT PLACE, CARLOW GREEN LANE. Phone (0503) 42861. Proprietors: F. & E!. Mulvey Phone (0503) 31665. Telex 24695 Open Hours: Mon.-Sat., 7 a.m.-11 p.m. Sun., 8 a.m.-10 p.m. Also at Dublin and Waterford Cigarettes, Sweets, Cones, Minerals, Groceries

UNITED DOMINIONS TRUST O'CONNORS NEWSAGENTS 54, DUBLIN ST., CARLOW Phone (0503) 31576. Telex 33006 Papers, Magazines, Cards, Toys Frank Nolan - Manager TULLOW STREET HOUSE, CARLOW

TRUSTEE SAVINGS BANK SHEEHY BROS. 55, TULLOW ST., CARLOW GREEN LANE, CARLOW Phone(0503)32253 Dealers for Volkswagen, Audi, Mercedes and Mazda C8IS John Lidierth - Branch Manager New and used. Phone (0503) 31047

JAMES DEMPSEY HARDWARE LTD. CLELAND'S SUPERMARKET 87, TULLOW ST., CARLOW. Phone(0503)41644/41048 CARLOW, PORTARLINGTON, For all your Building Supplies and General Hardware MOUNTMELLICK, MOUNTRATH

REDDY'S F. ROBINSON & SONS Bar, Lounge and Restaurant- 67, TULLOW ST., CARLOW. Buyers and sellers of high-class new and seccJ I ?finiue Phone 42224. Lunches from 12.30. and Floor Coverings - Fitted Carpets • a j Licensed Restaurant from 5.30. Parties catered for BURRIN STREET, CARLOW. Tel (0511113111!1!-. ENDEERING FLOWERS LAMBERTS TULLOW STREET HOUSE Newspapers, Weekly Magazjnllll. 7 - 5 • Phone 43509 Fancy Goods and S 5 J lnterflora Agents DUBLIN STREET, CARLOW. Ttll.-319121

QUINNSWORTH SUPERMARKET BYRNE'S B.ECIIECAL T. V. Sales and M-Fi KENNEDY AVENUE, fllllllll. ..__, CARLOW 70 BURRIN STREET. CNll.Dm. ..__ tll!iD3t 31770 HACl

SHAWS HERRIOT BOOKS CARLOWS LEADING DEPARTMENT STORE HIGH ST., BAGENALSTOWN TULLOW ST., CARLOW BOOKS, STATIONERY AND GREETING CARDS

R. HEALY & SON ALLIED IRISH BANK FUNERAL DIRECTORS TULLOW STREET, CARLOW Serving Carlow since late 1880's POLLERTON CASTLE & COLLEGE ST. Manager: TOM HA YES 31286 Phone 31868 Asst. Manager: EDDIE KEHER

CAULFIELD'$ SUPERVALU GAELSCOIL EOGHAIN Ui THUAIRISC TULLOW ROAD SHOPPING CENTRE. CAR PARK. ACCESS & VISA ACCEPTED .. BOTHAR POLLERTON. Guthan 31634. DELIVERY DAILY. OPENING HOURS: MON-WED 9am - 6pm. Oideachas lan-Ghaelach do phaisti bunscoile. THURS-FRI LATE OPENING TILL 9pm. SATURDAY 9 am - 6 pm. LENNON'S REAL ESTATE HOUSE FOLEYS ' 121 TULLOW STREET, CARLOW. TEL. 0503/31575 MEDICAL HALL LTD. Luxury Lounge and Fireside Bar 66 TULLOW ST., CARLOW Efficient and Courteous Service * Only Best Drinks Stocked *

DOOLEYS NORMAN D. SIXSMITH HIGH-CLASS FRUIT, SWEETS, CIGARETIES AND BOOKS AGRICULTURAL & GENERAL ENGINEER 62, TULLOW STREET, CARLOW DUBLIN ROAD, CARLOW. Phone 31593

BANK OF IRELAND POTATO MARKET LEIX PHARMACY Invest in your future - Save with Bank of Ireland today GOVERNEY SQUARE, CARLOW. Phone 31341 Manager: Frank Holden O'BRIEN TRAVEL LTD. EAMONN FITZPATRICK DUBLIN STREET, CARLOW VICTUALLER Telephone: 0503-31613. Telex: 33006 STAPLESTOWN RD., CARLOW. Phone 31029 SPECIALISTS IN AIR AND SEA TRAVEL SECURE YOUR HOME JACK McDONALD Call and see our full range of Security Locks and NEW & USED TRACTORS Fittings at our Showroom CROSSNEEN, CARLOW. Phone 31455 FLIGHT HAWK SECURITY LTD. MILLVIEW HOUSE, GRAIGUECULLEN. DAN MORRISSEY LTD. ORGAN LESSONS for all ages at the BENNEKERRY 31464, GRANGEFORD 46629, YAMAHA MUSIC SCHOOL CLONMELSH 46142 Barrack St., Carlow Readymix Concrete * Concrete Products * Ground Limestone * Rockford Tiles HENNESSY'S MUSIC CENTRE. Phone 42402. SEAN & MICHAEL BYRNE DARCYS Publican & Grocer FURNITURE AND CARPETS GLYNN, ST. MULLINS 33-35 TULLOW ST., CARLOW "Don't Pass, Call" BOB'S YOUR UNCLE CLUB, CARLOW £500 IN PRIZES - 50p per week THE NATIONALIST & LEINSTER TIMES See your promoter or call to The Repository, College St. Printers and Publishers Further details contact Joe Matthews. Phone 0503143181 TULLOW STREET, CARLOW Proceeds in aid of Parish Funds. Bankers Orders available. THE IRISHMAN'S BANK OF IRELAND (Prop.: J. J. Hargaden) COURT PLACE, CARLOW. Phone No. 31171 COURT PLACE Wines and Spirits Invest in your future - Save with Bank of Ireland today HIGH-CLASS LOUNGES AND BARS Manager: EAMONN DELANEY JAMES JONES LTD. PEADAR DOYLE 30 TULLOW STREET - LONDIS SUPERMARKET, Top value in Irish made footwear always available GRAIGUECULLEN. Phone 31179 at keenest prices Open to 6.30 p.m. every day

BOSCO'S RATHCROGUE HOUSE, CARLOW 132 TULLOW ST .. CARLOW. (Phone 31093) WEDDING RECEPTIONS, DINNER DANCES, PRIVATE PARTIES Quality Meat. Fish and Poultry Tel.31185 We are the specialists. Don't settle for less•

O'DWYER'S PHARMACY M. J. REIDY LTD., GARAGE DUBLIN ROAD, CARLOW TULLOW ST., CARLOW. Phone 31467 TOYOTA & B.M.W. DEALER

Clothing of Traditional Quality and BERNARD JENNINGS, F.A.0.1. Fashionable Look _ OPHTHALMIC OPTICIAN HANLEY'S 3 DUBLIN STREET, CARLOW. HOUSE for MEN Phone 0503/ 43808 CARLOW Jl! , .

C;OUNTY• CARLOW MUSEUM - Town· Hall, Carlow Open Daily (MONDAY EXCEPTED) · · 2·.30 to 5.30 P .M. ·

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