Ballads of Co. Carlow

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Clan Kavanagh ...... 4

''Pax" Liam D. Bergin ...... 7

"EX Africo semper aliquid novi." Something new Robert Hartpole ...... 8 always comes out of Africa: so said Pliny 1,970 years ago:This year is in keeping, as apartheid has Famine in Carlow ...... 11 ended and peace has come. It set the pattern for Printing in Carlow ...... 12 others - Palestine, Northern Ireland. Twenty-five years after the Civil Rights march at Burntollet and Carlow-Kerry ...... 13 the subsequent .civil disquiet, the LR.A., via Sinn Fein, have declared a ceasefire and it seems to be Little Theatre Society ...... 15 going peacefully on. Accepted as being permanent, Carlow Miscellany ...... 16 & 17 it has been accepted by Ireland and almost by England. Macra na Feirme ...... 18 Secretary's report ...... 19 Much of the credit for the suspension of violence is due to J, bn Hume, Gerry Adams and in no small Book Reviews ...... 21 measure 1.,0 the efforts of Dick Spring, Albert Who was Deighton? ...... 22 Reynolds, 'us the sideline help of John Major and Sir Patrick 1 'ayhew. With much hard work, the From the Chair ...... 23 peace process n1ay be a great success for "Peace comes dropping slow" (W. B. Yeats). Should it Ballads of Co. Carlow ...... 26 advance, it will be a crown of glory and with God's Manor of Carlow ...... 26 blessing will put Ireland where Parnell and Gladstone had planned a century ago. Carlow College Musuem ...... 28 Tullow Golf Links ...... 28 All experts, mostly politicians, assert that nothing is ever achieved l, force: Milton was more Hacketstown Industry ...... 29 assured "who overcomes by force, hath overcome but half his foe." With Pope "Hope springs eternal Bells of St. Mary's ...... 29 in the human breast." May we press 01A ,d hope for Duke of Clarance ...... 29 the greatest of blessings - Peace for all tL.ne.

Mar ni beadh ar letheidi aris ann. We acknowledge with grateful thanks the efforts of our Thomas MacGabhann, contributors written and Egarth6ir, photographic and sponsors. Especially we thank the Deire Fomhair, 1994. Nationalist & Leinster Times for access to its files and allowing helpful extracts. Frank O'Meara's Sketchbook By Mary Stratton-Ryan

ARLOW'S most famous artist Frank O'Meara was born on the 30th March 1853, and grew up in the family home of C his father, Dr. Thomas O'Meara, at number 37 Dublin Street. He died on the 15th October, 1888 at the same address and was buried in the family vault in Bennekerry, Co. Carlow. During his short lifetime he exercised a considerable influence in the artistic fraternity on the continent, and may well be said to have founded a school at a village called Grez sur Long where he spent thirteen years. He was one of the pioneering men of the new "plein-air" movement. Although virtually unknown in Ireland he was very well known on the continent. Among his contemporaries and friends were American artist John Singer Sargent (who painted O'Meara's portrait), the Scottish Bob Stevenson and his cousin Robert Louis Stevenson, and his very close friend John Lavery, born in Belfast (founder of the Glasgow School), also William Stott of Oldham and Carl Larsson from Sweden. O'Meara had a wry distinctive "Irish Style" and the mood of his paintings is that of the "Celtic Twilight", a herald for the poet W.B. Yeats with whom O'Meara is often compared. My first encounter with O'Meara's work was in the early 1970s when I was enchanted by his painting "Towards Night and Winter" painted in 1885. My research started in earnest in 1974 when I managed to contact David Smithers O'Meara, only surviving relative of Frank O'Meara. It was at this point that I first discovered the "sketchbook" which was to become quite a saga. It was David Smithers O'Meara's wish that this sketchbook should be given to the people of Carlow. However, on his death no will could be The O'Meara Memorial in Bennekerry. found which was rather strange, for the man was a brilliant barrister involved with the law all his Photo: W. Ellis. working life. The sketchbook could not be found however. difficult to trace_ Incidentally the other painting on auction that night. A Mill by a Bridge, which The sketchbook contained sixteen pencil and had a guideline price of £5,000-£8,000 was sold for pen and brown ink drawings, including seven £10,000. drawings of the artist's native Carlow. Fourteen Two years later and to my great delight I were signed and seven were dated between 3rd discovered that the O'Meara sketchbook was still April 1870 and 30th March 1871, using addresses in Ireland_ It had been disassembled and lovingly at Harcourt Street and Lower Leeson Street. and beautifully restored and conserved by its Dublin. owner, the famous fashion designer lb Jorgensen On the 18th September 1991 the sketchbook of Dublin_ Some of its pages were presented by him came up for auction at Christie's of Belfast to the National Gallery of Ireland, the main together with another of his paintings, A Mill by a collection of eleven drawings were then sent for Bridge. The guideline price in the catalogue for the exhibition to the 16th annual Eigse Carlow Arts sketchbook was £600-£800, and the Old Carlow Festival. which opened on May 27th 1994. Society decided to try to acquire it. However, on the During my lecture op the life and work of Frank night of the auction the sketchbook was finally O'Meara at the 1994 Eigse Festival I stressed the knocked down for £3,800, which was beyond the importance of trying to keep the O'Meara resources of the Old Carlow Society. drawings in Carlow. The management of Braun Further efforts were made by the Carlow Carlow who were in 1994 celebrating the twentieth Heritage Society to stop the sale in order to give anniversary of their arrival in the town purchased more time for a will to be found. However, all ten of the drawings from the sketchbook and attempts failed and yet again the sketchbook was presented them to the Carlow Art Collection. At lost to Carlow. At this point I was concerned that it last the people of Carlow will be able to view the had gone out of the country and would be very work of its most famous artist. 2 )¥":·

© View of Carlow: One of the sketches from Frank O'Meara's sketchbook, reproduced by permission of Carlow Art Collection.

A report in The Carlow Post of March 12, 1859, describes an inauguration dinner which was held to mark the installation of gas lights in Bagenalstown. Research by WILLIAM ELLIS. Bagenalstown lighted with gas

"IN consequence of the town of Bagenalstown Wales and the rest of the Royal Family;" "the Lord being for the first time lighted with gas on Lieutenant and prosperity to Ireland," "The Army Saturday last, it was proposed that a dinner and Navy." should be given in inauguration of same, which "Prosperity to the trade of Bagenalstown" was was settled for Monday evening, at five o'clock. also given from the chair and ably responded to by The dinner was prepared by Mr. John O'Connor Paul Kehoe, Esq., who in the course of his speech, and served up in a spacious room in the rere of his mentioned the value of banking accommodation to hotel. the town, and brought forward some valuable statistics to show the ample capabilities of the "The room was beautifully decorated with district to maintain a bank profitability. evergreens, pictures, etc. and illuminated with gas. "Prosperity to the Bagenalstown Gas Company" The table was covered with the best dinner that was responded to by John M'Grath, Esq., could possibly be procured, having the rarest honorary secretary. dainties and the richest wines, etc., nothing having been left undone by Mr. O'Connor to make "The health of Edmundson and Co." was given his guests comfortable and happy. by the chairman, who spoke in complimentary terms of the civility, skill and attention of the men "At the appointed hour the guests assembled, in their employment at the gas works. and sat to dinner, amongst whom were, Charles "The Foreman, Mr. Pierce returned thanks. Thorpe, Esq., Rev. P. Moran, Rev. J. Dwyer, John "The health of P. J. Newton, Esq., was proposed Magrath, Esq., Honorary Secretary to the Gas and warmly received. It was responded to by Mr. Company, Paul Kehoe, Thomas Brady, John M'Grath, who mentioned with respect the names Nowlan, and James Byrne, Esqrs., and several of Samuel Crosthwaite, Thomas Singleton, and other respectable and esteemed shareholders and Lorenzo Weld Hartstonge, Esqrs., and other townsmen, who took a deep interest in the gentlemen who were prominent in promoting the improvement of the town. Gas Company. "The chair having been taken by Charles "The health of Mr. and Mrs. O'Connor having Thorpe, Esq., he addressed the guests in very been proposed and responded to, the party appropriate terms, and proposed the following separated feeling well satisfied with the evening's toasts - "The Queen, Prince Albert, the Prince of entertainment." 3 The Role of the Clonmullen Sept in the History of Clan Kavanagh By Mrs. Bridget Dalton

THERE were over a dozen septs control of the region through and life went on as usual in what came to be known as the absenteeism and scarcity of according to time honoured Kavanagh clan and until the numbers in the area. The Gaelic ways. story of each of them is told the Blackstairs became a safe haven However a more serious attack history of Clan Kavanagh is for the Kavanaghs because the on Gaelic life came with the both incomplete and unbalanced. Normans concentrated on surrender and regrant scheme of What follows is an attempt to organising the lowland areas. 1543, signed at Ross between focus on the history of one of the The title 'King of Leinster' five Kavanagh leaders and King septs - that of Clonmullen, and which had lain dormant since henry VIII's representatives. its place in the clan and also its Dermot's time was now revived Nearly all Kavanagh clan lands role at a critical period of change to coincide with the clan's return in Co. Carlow and Wexford were as modern Ireland began to to power. reclaimed by the Crown, and emerge in the 17th century. regranted to the leaders with The clan was large and Political and title on condition that they in extensive, occupyihg almost all military peak turn subdivided it so that each of the present Co. Wexford, Co. new landowner had title and so Carlow north as far as Carlow The Kavanagh clan was at its could pass on his property by town, west beyond Graigue­ political and military peak primogeniture, and thus keep it namanagh into Co. Kilkenny,, during the time of Art Mor, King within his family. and east to the Wicklow border.. ofLeinster, 1375-1416. During his This was a very significant Over time the MacMurrough time the territory under threat to the old Gaelic, clan split into a number of septs Kavanagh control expanded. He. Brehon way of life, where· each with its own head, but all had the Pale at his mercy, lands were held in common under the overall control of 'The extracting 'Black Rent' from the under the protection of the MacMurrough' King of Leinster, inhabitants in return for chieftain. Even the king had no who could come from any of the protection. He collected tolls at right of inheritance in his lands, septs, depending on their power Leighlin, where there was a which passed by election among and influence at the time. stone bridge over the Barrow. his derbfine (kindred), when he The genealogy of the This bridge was vital to trade died or ceased to function as Kavanaghs is usually traced between Dublin and Kilkenny, chieftain. In contrast the system from the time of Dermot and the South of Ireland. In introduced by the Crown was MacMurrough, King of Leinster, addition he got a grant of £40 per very structured and focused on 1126-1171. This is for practical year from the Exchequer to the individual's right of reasons, as going further back is ensure safe passage to ownership, and his right of misted with uncertainty, and Government officials passing succession according to precise also it is from this time that the through Kavanagh country. and clear rules. This ran counter clan encountered Anglo­ After his death the Kingship to the notion of collective Norman culture in a meaningful was held, sometimes by the ownership in the clan. The way. Carlow septs, sometimes by the English feudal system had Wexford septs, but never again obvious advantages for the King of Leinster by a leader of Art's calibre. individual landowner, because it title revived The first significant threat to ensured that he and his family the legal system and ancient had unquestioned right to a After Dermot's death in 1171, culture of the Kavanagh clan certain defined property. It was Richard de Clare, Earl of Striguil came after the failed Silken this appeal to the landowners' known as Strongbow, inherited, Thomas rebellion in 1536, the self interest which caused the under feudal law, all the Kavanaghs having taken the scheme to be increasingly MacMurrough country, through Geraldine side because of accepted, and once introduced it .his marriage with Eva, Dermot's marriage connections and ties of interfered with the stability, daughter. Domhnall Caomha­ mutual obligation. Lord Deputy cohesion and the ebb and flow of nach, a son of Dermot's, who Grey made an agreement with· power within the clan could, under more normal Cathaoir Maclnny Cross King community. circumstances, have succeeded of Leinster, who was now to his father, was seen under feudal become a loyal subject, pay rent Provisioned from law as illegitimate, and so was to the Crown, stop extracting left out of the inheritance 'Black Rent' from the Palesmen the locality equation. It was the descendents and to vest Ferns castle in the However, this plan to of this Domhnall Caomhanach Crown. Other clans which were introduce English ways into the (anglicised to Kavanagh), who under the authority of the clan did not run smoothly, being after an initial period of Kavanaghs were now to be delayed by hitches such as supremacy by the Normans, answerable directly to the lawsuits and lack of resolve on gradually re-acquired the lands Crown, thus further reducing the Government's part. Along of their forefathers over the next' Kavanagh influence. This with the surrender and regrant 150 years. The Normans lost agreement was largely ignored scheme, garrisons were installed 4 in Leighlin, Carlow and Ferns, King ofLeinster he was accepted was noted in official corres­ and these had to be provisioned as such by his own people and pondence, with more than a hint from the locality. The garrisons also by his enemies. He even of frustration, that Domhnall interfered with the freedom of succeeded in uniting the clan at Spainneach had been pardoned movement of the clan as well as, the expense of other sept leaders. 14 times in the previous three being a drain on resources in Masterson, Seneschal of Ferns, years, and even now was again their hinterland. his sworn enemy, did acknow­ in rebellion. By 1570 the Kavanagh clan, ledge that he was an able leader Because the Government had along with the rest of Gaelic of his people, and he could speak not the manpower on the ground Ireland, were becoming really with some authority on the in the region and so was in no alarmed at the size of the threat matter as there were many position either to wipe out or that now faced them, and for the confrontations between the contain Clonmullen sept, it was rest of the century this was garrison and Domhnall's men. obliged to play along with the manifested in increasing During the last half of the 16th rebels, on the basis that an violence, coming to a head in the century the policy of the Gaelic uneasy and predictably Nine Years War (1594-1603). chieftains, if policy they could be temporary peace was still said to have, was to harass the preferable to full scale revolt. ·c1onmullen seat of settlers, collect booty and drive Lack of finance and numerous them away. But when superior shifts in policy during the time of clan Kavanagh forces took the field against Henry VIII and Elizabeth I did them, then the Irish leaders· little to further the conquest of It was about the middle of the would surrender, swear loyalty, Ireland. 16thcenturythattheClonmullen which generally would lead to a The pension notwithstanding, sept of clan Kavanagh came to pardon and a regrant of their Domhnall Spainneach and his prominence. This sept was very lands in return for their promise people became involved in the extensive and was based at of good behaviour - until the Nine Years War along with Clonmullen, which is between next time. O'Byrnes and the O'Moores. Bunclody and Mount Leinster. With a core group of about 200 While Clonmullen is in Co. men, Domhnall Spainneach Broader national Carlow the sept is a Wexford patrolled the countryside implications sept, being descended from his making life intolerable for the brother, Domhnall More. The settlers and the garrisons sent to clan lands stretched along the· The idea of having a united protect them. There are national perspective on the eastern slopes of th~ Blackstairs numerous recorded instances of Mountains in Co. Wexford and struggle against English Domhnall Spainneach himself conquest was still new at the north into Co. Carlow. and other landowners of the sept The Clonmullen sept had time in Gaelic Ireland, where having to forfeit their lands and Irish leaders were more apt to taken advantage of the then having them regranted surrender and regrant scheme of react to local situations without over a 25 year period up to and undue regard to the broader 1543, in order to secure their beyond 1600. position as landowners and to national implications. So it is From the perspective of the not surprising that the prevent members oftraditionally 20th century thinking, this subordinate clans applying for Clonmullens had an agenda of notion of repeated surrender· their own which influenced their and getting grants of land with followed by pardon and regrant title, thus breaking up the decision to Jorn the war. lacks logic. But it made a certain Domhnall Spainneach was Clonmullen patrimony. practical sense at the time in the The use of the old Gaelic titles using the situation to press his struggle between the English claim to the ancient clan lands, of power and leadership, which coloniser, poorly backed up was now treason under English now vested in the Crown since militarily, and the native Irish the surrender and regrant law, was revived to provide a able to put to advantage local rallying point for Irish scheme of 1543. knowledge of their own The Government was in a resistance. The fact that inhospitable terrain. Donaugh of Clonmullen had predicament. What military assumed the title 'King of resources were available in the Leinster' indicates the status of Gaelic system of country had to be divided; some this sept at the time. Predictably community ownership deployed to control the South he was executed in 1583. After Leinster Irish while the rest his death his son Domhnall On the Irish side it was a ploy attempted to contain the Ulster Spainneach became sept leader. to buy time, to re-group, to re-arm revolt. The continuing large Domhnall got his name and maybe to harvest the corn .. scale unrest on the southern 'Spainneach' because he spent From the clan leaders point of flank of the Pale was four years in Spain, 1572-1576, view a regrant with title and strategically important to with a Tudor adventurer turned right of inheritance by O'Neill as it diverted attention Kavanagh ally, called Thomas primogeniture had become away from the North. Stukely. necessary in order to hold onto In 1597 Domhnall Spainneach Domhnall was married to one's lands, now that the Gaelic along with O'Moore and Eleanor, daughter of Brian system of communal ownership O'Byrne wasted Meath with fire MacCathaoir of Borris, and was broken down forever. and sword. A little later along Eleanor's mother was a sister of In 1592 Domhnall Spainneach with O'Moore he laid waste the Fiach MacHugh O'Byrne of submitted all his lands to the country from Kilkenny to Wicklow. There was a strong Crown and had them regranted Enniscorthy, where they wiped and lasting alliance between the with stronger title. Along with out the garrison, and then O'Byrnes and the Kavanaghs. that he got 2/6 per day as an blocked up the Slaney effectively Though he never used the title incentive to be loyal. In 1599 it isolating Enniscorthy from 5 relief from Wexford. The settlers townlands between Kildavin beneficiary of the Kavanagh of South Leinster were living in and Myshall-Carrig, Knockbrack, land in the district. fear. This continuous rebellion Barragh and Moneygrath. Much Cathaoir was involved on the caused the authorities to of this property had been bought side of James II in 1690. He actively consider granting off settlers who had given up the raised and commanded a Domhnall most of North struggle in an inhospitable regiment of infantry, and saw Wexford including Enniscorthy, environment and so were glad to action at the Boyne, Derry and in order to lure him out of the sell up and get out. Limerick. He was arrested along with other Irish officers while War, so that the Government Sir Morgan was M.P. for could concentrate on defeating defending Cork, and imprisoned Carlow during Wentworth's on a 600-gun warship called the O'Neill. However, the plan never Parliament 1634, the main materialised. 'Breda,' which blew up. business of which was to His young son, Murchadh, arrange the paying off of was one of the two survivors. In Sent son as hostage accumulated royal debt. to Dublin Castle July 1691 he, along with other In 1641 Insurrection broke out young kinsmen, sailed from He was obliged to submit in as an inevitable result of Limerick and became cadets in the face of Essex's superior dissatisfaction experienced by the French army. His elder army, and as a result he had to every power group in the brother, Ignatius, whose send one son as a hostage to country. Old English, New garrison was still holding out Dublin Castle, and to have English and Native Irish, about against William of Orange also another educated in Dublin. Yet, diverse matters such as security went to France. while these arrangements were of tenure, economic sanctions This was the end of Gaelic being made, Domhnall, along and religious discrimination. Ireland. From now on Ireland with the cream of Gaelic This confusion was further would be ruled by a minority aristocracy, was entertained to a compounded by political Protestant elite. banquet in Dublin Castle on St. upheaval in England, and a George's Day 1601. However the state of almost continuous war Kavanagh n·ame following year Sir Richard prevailed until Oliver Cromwell very prevalent Masterson reported that took over. Domhnall and his men were Sir Morgan of Clonmullen was Clonmullen Castle was terrorising the settlers as usual. a Confederate leader in the levelled and the stones went to In the confiscations which Carlow /Wexford region, and he build the settler village of followed Irish defeat in the Nine was killed in battle near Ross in Clonmullen. With the commun­ Years War most of the 1643. His command of 750 men ity's leaders either dead or Kavanagh Lands were confis­ and 500 horses was then taken emigrated the remnant of the cated. Domhnall Spainneach over by his son Domhnall 6g. people was scattered. One group Kavanagh went to London, migrated to the Croghan where he negotiated for himself Mountain region on the a pension of 10/= per day from Futile stand against Wicklow/Wexford border. The the Exchequer. This pension Cromwell Kavanagh name has always lasted until 1615, was sizeable been very numerous in that for the time, and was to be taken Under Cromwell garrisons district. There are a number of as a type of compensation for his were installed in Clohamon, North Wexford families which lands. While the negotiations Ferns and Wexford. Tullow was proudly claim descent from the were going on in London his men taken in 1650 and a garrison Clonmullens through the were quite openly raiding and installed at Clonogan Castle Croghan Mountain group. While killing settlers, but little could be and Carnew. In that year the there is no exact genealogical done about it. Native Irish under the evidence (survival was a priority In the post-war period Gaelic leadership of Domhnall 6g over record-keeping in the Irish landowners recognised made a futile stand against 'Hidden Ireland'), these families that the only way to consolidate Cromwellian troops marching carry in their folk memory a rich their positions was to adapt to through Clonegal. It ended in lore of anecdote which tends to the new order, and to purchase carnage. Resistance continued substantiate their claim. their lands back from the new with skirmishes at Scarawalsh It has been speculated that it settlers. Over the next 200 years and Enniscorthy. Carlow was was the unyielding single­ Domhnall and his fellow burned and three troops of horse minded resistance to English Kavanagh landowners bought were destroyed. However rule which made it imperative back a great deal of their own Domhnall 6g was compelled to that the Clonmullen sept be land. accept terms from the wiped out completely, their land Domhnall Spainneach Kav­ Commissioners of Parliament at taken over, their castle levelled, anagh died in March 1631 and Kilkenny in 1652. One result of and their people scattered. Yet it was buried in the hereditary this was that his brother, is difficult to see how a proud burial ground of the Clonmullen Cathaoir, was released from people with a history and culture sept in Kilmyshall. prison. Domhnall 6g emigrated going back into the mists of time, Morgan, Domhnall's son, to Spain where he died in a few could do less than try to keep it. inherited about 20,000 acres. years. He was ummarried. The Most of this land was in Co. Clonmullen Kavanaghs lost all References Donal Moore. English Action, Irish Reaction. Wexford, but an Inquisition held their property in the ensuing Dept. of Modern History, St. Patrick's College, in Carlow in 1633 established confiscation and Cathaoir lived Maynooth (1987). that he owned lands in on at Carrigduff, now as a Fr. Wall. History of Bunclody Parish. James Hughes. Journal RS.A.I. (1873). Kilbrannish, Clonmullen, tenant of Arthur Annesley, later Kenneth Nichols. The Kavanaghs, 1400-1700. Carrigduff and a cluster of Earl of Anglesey, who was chief The Irish Genealogist (1979). 6 Liam D. Bergin '

LIAM D. Bergin was known and Southern Illinois University. He respected among newspapermen was a founder member of the Old from all parts of Ireland and Carlow Society which he beyond. Liam was the Carlow encouraged unfailingly. Nationalist for several generat­ Liam's schooling went from the ions and gave the provincial Graiguecullen N.S. to Knockbeg press an enhanced status. Where College and Dominican College, 'provincial' might appear to be a Newbridge. (His brother, Paddy, patronising or even a pejorative joined the Dominican order as a description, Liam gave it priest). In search of health he respectability and authority. spent time in Switzerland and Liam D. was a man of integrity Spain before the 1939-1945 war. and principle. He brought to his In Barcelona he became an craft a seriousness of purpose, a aficionado of Spanish art, music demand for standards of and culture. excellence in content and in He was an avid reader, enjoyed presentation. He grew up with the conversation, was a devout Nationalist through the Conlon Catholic, student of scripture and family links. Liam's boyhood in devotee of the psalms of the Dublin Street where his father, divine office. Although he spent a Paddy Bergin, was a publican, The Late Mr. L. D. Bergin, lot of his time in Dublin, Liam 'character,' raconteur, singer in never left Carlow. He wanted the one of the founder members Nationalist to be a credit to the Gilbert and Sullivan operas, of the Old Carlow Society an old Carlovian, was formative. Carlow. Carlow was a town with a life of and first editor of Liam welcomed aspiring its own, its sense of community, Carloviana. journalists to the Carlow of fun, of culture. Bergin's pub newsroom. Scores of well-known was frequented by lots of farming journalists began their careers folk in town for fair and market, offered a panoramic view of the with Liam as editor, encourager, ensuring an easy relationship world. He introduced columnists tutor. Micheline McCormack, between town and country. such as Seamus Farrell, Myles na Charley Doherty, Paddy Ginane, The Nationalist catered for a Gopaleen, George Knowall and Paul Muldowney, Seamus largely rural readership in the John Monahan. O'Rourke, John Lombard, farming counties of Carlow, west He travelled with an eye to Michael Finlan, Patrick Nolan, Wicklow, Kildare, Laois and the improving the presentation of the Tony Gallagher, John Kelly, Des borders of Wexford and Offaly. paper, bettering its layout, Maguire, Jim Downey, Fergus Before the dailies and tabloids installing modern printing Black, Margaret O'Rourke were reached into every home and presses and newer typefaces. apprenticed to their trade via the village the Nationalist broadened Carlow produced the most Nationalist editorial chair. The horizons, extended the readers' attractive and technically Carlow paper was a recruiting range of interest, provided topics advanced of Ireland's provincial ground for Dublin dailies and for fireside and pub talk. weeklys. electronic media personalities - Liam valued the news of the Liam received awards from the Des Fisher, Kevin Devlin, Olivia community, demanded honest London Observer and other O'Leary, John Ellis, Joe O'Brien, and impartial reporting of what professionals for his editorial and among others. was happening in the parishes. quality production achievements. Liam was a respecter of He refused to suppress what he He wrote a column for the Sunday persons, kindly in his relation­ considered to be reportable news. Press for many years. He ships, professional in his He had a high opinion of his contributed to magazines, Irish demands upon those who readers. He travelled extensively and foreign. He lectured for collaborated with his work as a in Europe and the USA. His several semesters in the journalist-editor. Topics of the Times feature Department of Journalism at -P.J.B.

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7 Robert Hartpole, Lord of Shrule (1524 - 1594) By Niall Julien

OBERT Hartpole and held by Robert Hartpole and his on the summit of the hill of his descendants domin­ heirs by knight's service for ever; Mullaghmast near Athy. ated the southern end on condition oftheir maintaining William Fitzgerald who of Co. Laois for nearly six English horsemen in the compiled the Hartpole family threeR hundred years. The arrival tree for the Kildare Archaeologic­ service of the Crown, and of their of this Papist family from attending all hastings or risings al Society in 1901 expressed his· Canterbury in Kent marked the 'out when summoned and of their revulsion of this massacre - demise of the Gaelic aristocracy giving a plough-day for each 'How such a brutal deed could and the extension ofElizabethan plough on their lands have been carried out, under a power throughout Ireland. whensoever it should be required cloak of friendliness, too, by Robert was rewarded well for his by the Constable of the Castle of English officers and gentlemen, services; many of them carried Maryborough. even at that date, is beyond out in a most ungentlemanly Five years later Robert was human comprehension.' Legend way, however. Nevertheless, recommended by the Lord has it that the Englishmen Robert was the most powerful Deputy for the reversion of the wished to parley with the local man in Laois and he enjoyed this• Castle Manor and lands of Gaelic chieftains and invited position until the day he died. ,Carlow, then held by the widow them and their families for a (This was the final flourish of a of Francis Randolf, late conference and banquet in the family that would not live to see Constable of Carlow Castle. Rath at Mullaghmast. When it the glory of Queen Victoria's Robert later obtained the office seemed that all the guests had EmpirE'.'). of Constable of Carlow Castle entered the rath, the troops and a lease of the manor, with sealed off the entrance and Known as the ·six armed footmen for its treacherously massacred all Seven Tribes ·aefence, who were allowed those in the rath. The Chief of sixpence a day. The constable­ the O'More's, Rory Oge, was late After Laois had been formed ship was held during the in arriving at the meeting. On into a county (Queen's County), pleasure of the Crown, with a fee seeing the soldiers and hearing the Hartpoles were one of the of £200 and sundry profits. the pitiful cries of those inside seven chief English settlers who In 1571 Robert received the rath, Rory Oge took flight, were planted here during the. another post, that of High vowing to seek revenge on the reigns of Queens Mary and' Sheriff of Carlow. It was four English invaders. Elizabeth, the others being the years later when he was granted Cosbys, Barringtons, Bowens, the Manors of Shrule and of English stronghold Hetheringtons and Hovendons. Blackford, alias Rathmaddock, of Carlow They were all known collectively as well as the advowson of the as the Seven Tribes. The first rectory of St. Fintan of mention of the Hartpoles in Clonenagh, which was once a Rory Oge was now in open Ireland was in 1556, when place of great learning during rebellion and with his warriors Robert Hartpole, descended from early Christian Ireland. In 1577 attacked the English stronghold John Hartpole of Canterbury in he received a further grant of the of Carlow. He succeeded in Kent, was said to be residing in Grange of Grange Kilmagobbock burning the town but failed to Leighlin (County Carlow). He alias Grange-ne-mannagh, alias take the huge fortress as it was was granted a pardon in 1557, in Monk's. As the name suggests, held by Robert Hartpole and his which he is styled, Robert there was a monastic settlement troops. Rory Oge took, among Hartpole of Leighlin, gentleman here, supposedly founded as other prisoners, Captain and soldier. It seems that those early as the 6th century. (afterwards Sir Henry) Harring­ words and other comments ton, and Alexander, son of impressed Her Majesty, for on Massacre of the Captain Francis Cosby. The May 6, 1563, the lands of native gentry former was a nephew of the Lord Coolbanagher were granted to Deputy, Sir Henry Sydney. It's Robert. The grant consisted of­ It was in this year, 1577,that possible that they were taken "an old castle in Colvanacre, Robert Hartpole carried out an prisoners when Rory Oge alias Coolbanahore, in the act that would blacken his attacked Carlow town. O'More Queen's County, and the lands family name forever. On New then took his prisoners to a of Colvanacre, Ballarighan, Year's Day, Robert Hartpole, house deep inside his territory. Killgenne, Ballinabeg and Captain Francis Cosby of The location of this house is Sheanbeg, containing 200 acres Stradbally and Shaun-a-feeka, unknown but it lay somewhere of the country measure known as Bowen of Ballyadams comm­ in the Barony of Slievemargy. 'lrry acres;' and also Ballimol­ anded government troops that Hartpole made a sally from roney, together with a parcel carried out the treacherous Carlow castle and proceeded there of called Ballinstraghe." massacre of the native gentry of into the Barony to try and rescue These and other lands were to be Leix and Offaly in the great rath his countrymen. On November 8 26, 1577, Sir Henry Sydney informed the Privy Council that "Hartpole has rescued Captain Harrington, Alexander Cosby and other prisoners, killing all the rebels (men and women) who were in the house, save only Rory Oge himself who escaped." From his numerous hairbreadth escapes Rory Oge is sometimes mentioned in the "State Papers" as being the Robin Hood of Ireland. A more detailed description of this affair is given in Sir Henry Sydney's account of his services in Ireland during the time he was Lord Deputy; he therein states that - "I left in Maryborough Sir Henry Harrington, my sister's son, and Lieutenant of the King's County. When he had brought the rebel Rory to a low ebb, he came to a parley with him undiscreetly, for there was he taken and carried away. I sought his enlarge­ ment, but nothing prevailed without such conditions as I would not have enlarged Philip my son. Then I'd made war upon the rebel, and my men prevailed, but still he kept my nephew. But through Robert Hartpole I beset his cabanish dwelling. The rebel had within it twenty-six of his best and most assured men, his wife and his Marshal's wife and Mr. Pat Comerford of Teagasc, Oak Park, Carlow brought to our Cormac O'Connor, an ancient and rank rebel of long notice the panel, photographed above, which came from the tomb of maintained in Scotland, who Robert Hartpole, Constable of Carlow Castle and Lord ofthe Manor of returning went to Rory Oge Shrule, who died four hundred years ago in 1594. The greater part ofthis and took part with him in his tomb is at Kilnacourt, Portarlington. Photo: w. Ellis. rebellion and in that place and time was by a man of mine called John Parker, killed. behold. He broke his arm with and in return for their services, There were also killed his wife that blunt sword and cut off they were created barons of ' the little finger of one of his Upper Ossory. On this occasion, and all his men; only there escaped himself (Rory) and hands, and in sundry parts of Rory Oge's Marshall - Shane his Marshall Shane mac Rory his head so wounded him, as I. mac Rory reagh - managed to I' myself in his dressing did see escape and bore off his leaders reogh (? O'More), in truth miraculously; for, they crept his brains moving. Yet my body successfully, though between the legs of the good soldiers brought him several fell on both sides in the soldiers into the fastness of away, and a great way upon conflict over it. the plashes of trees. Rory Oge their halberds and pikes, to a confessed, and so did the wife good place in that country, where he was relieved, and First member of of the Marshal whom the parliament soldiers saved, that the skirts afterwards, I thank God, of his shirt were with an recovered." English sword cut from his Rory Oge O'More's wife, who In 1579, Robert Hartpole was bare body. But in this assault was slain on this occasion was a made High Sheriff of the and conflict, being done in the daughter of Hugh mac Shane Queen's County. He had dark night, the villainous O'Byrne of Ballinacor, in the previously held this post for rebel fell upon my most dear County of Wicklow. Rory Oge Carlow County. Robert's most nephew, being tied in chains, O'More himself was killed on triumphant moment came in and him most shamefully June 30, 1578, by a party led by 1585 when he became the first hacked and hewed with my Brian Oge, son of Brian member of Parliament for the nephew's own sword, to the MacGillaPatrick, Baron of Queen's County. As if to put the effusion of such a quantity of UpperOssory. TheMacGillaPat­ icing on the cake, Robert blood as were incredible to ricks were loyal to the Crown Hartpole was knighted by Queen 9 Elizabeth herself, as a reward, to the Royal family of the Hewetson who designed the for his services to date. Robert O'Mores. This would also tomb gave the following was now at the height of his suggest that Robert was related description - power. to Rory Oge O'More, the very "It represents the recumbent When his services were not thorn in his side. figure of a knight in armour, required by the Crown, Robert with the hands crossd over the had his large family to turn to. Main seat of breast, a hunting horn on the left His wife was Irish, her name Shrule Castle side, a cushion under the bared being Grania O'Byme, had eight head, and an animal resembling children, five boys and three Robert possessed three family a dog beneath the feet." girls. seats of power, these being Robert Hartpole's will is dated Sir William Hartpole kt, of Coolbanagher Castle, Monk's September 12, 1594, and proved Coolbanagher, heir to the family Grange Castle and his main seat on October 28 in the same year. estate; of Shrule Castle. Robert received He commences it thus - George Hartpole of Monk's Coolbanagher in 1563. The "In the name of God amen. I Grange; castle seems to have been built Robert Hartpole of Catherlough, James Hartpole; long before this date as it was Esquier, though sick in body but Henry Hartpole; previously described as being whole in mynde and in ffull Pierce Hartpole ofChapelstown, 'an old castle.' The present ruins sound and perfect memory doo Co. Carlow; are that of a tall tower house make this my last will and Helen Hartpole; which were common structures Testain in manner and fforme as Margaret Hartpole; in the 16th and 17th centuries. It ffolloweth. another daughter whose name is is between five and seven stories "ffirst. I bequeth my soule into not known but married a John high with sturdy walls and a the handes of Allmightie God, Hovenden, ofBallyfoile, Queen's small murder hole, ie, the and my body to be buryed and Co. doorway. It was a grand interred in the Church of With such a large family structure in Robert's time but it Chancell of Our Blesses Lady Grania Hartpole, as Lady of the has long since lost that the Virgin mary attCatherlogh." Manor, would have needed a appearance like so many castles "Item. I doo by this my will and nurse to help take care of her across the country. last Testamt, constitute and children. Robert fell for the nurse It is not known when Shrule appoynte my lovinge wyfe and they had an affair and the Castle was built, but sources say Graine Hartepoole to be my ffull result of this scandalous it was built during the reign of and whole executrix.'' relationship was a child. As a Queen Elizabeth. Again, it is a Sir Robert Hartpole's tomb result Robert did not support his tower house and has undergone was rediscovered during the late mistress and child, as he should much alteration since it was first 18th or early 19th century when have done, prompting her to seek built, which has left it looking workmen uncovered it in the revenge. The nurse told more like a square corn mill than ancient cemetery of St. Mary's everything to Grania, who an actual castle. What could be Abbey on Castle Hill, Carlow. immediately disowned Robert. an original fireplace can be No more than the covering slab In a blind rage, Robert killed his found in the castle and the name with the effigy and one of the mistress, though it is said he did Hartpole is one of the many sides and end of the tomb were so accidentally. Grania interesting inscriptions to be discovered. When found, the demanded that Robert build her found, carved on the mantel. The tomb was sadly mutilated by the a castle, as she could not bear to spiral staircase has survived bystanders and the figure lost its live with him and the result was almost intact and is another head and side panels. It seems the erection of Monk's Grange interesting feature of the castle. that Mullaghmast was still fresh Castle. One mile's distance now Shrule has now fallen into in their minds. Colonel Bruen of separated Shrule Castle and disrepair and has become very Oakpark luckily rescued Monk's Grange Castle. unsafe and as a result, its Robert's efficy and carried it to survival is very much Oakpark though the head was Castle roofless threatened. never recovered. It was later Sir Robert Hartpole lived the conveyed from Oak Park by a in 1782 rest of his days at Shrule and Mr. Hartpole-Bowen (who died carried out his duties for the in 1880), a descendant in the A stone was once set above the Crown. His death took place on female line. He placed it on the door. This stone, 13 inches in October 3, 1594, having served grounds of Kilnacourt House in height and 11. 75 inches in width, his country until his very last Portarlington town and it still was carvedin relief with the date breath. As requested, he was lies there to this very day. 1588 and underneath R. H., buried in St. Mary's Church, being Robert Hartpole, and g. b., Carlow, and an altar-tomb Grania O'Byrne, his wife. Yes, bearing his effigy in armour was the initials of her name were in erected to his memory; along one the lower case! This castle was side, in a line and a half, was cut t~QB~J~1j similar to that of Coolbanagher, the following inscription in ·.····· Uri,g,tt . Counc1l m~~tth! f though it was on a somewhat raised Gothic letters - to titir1mi rff!ymtiini~tJ\ larger scale. One Austin Cooper "His jacet Robartus Hartpole, >·"fenfjj]e~pgjjy #qii.iri, sketched the castle in 1782, and Conestabularius de Catherlagh, and ~el(jygton Sq,iqfeJ { QtJveniey$qttwi~ ? ·.. · · ········· this sketch showed the Castle to Septuagenario maoir, interiit 11 be roofless. No trace of the castle die Octobris 1594.'' ¥ii¥ fah,,Jd,t~~ :i~ i!~:sieP > can now be found. Grania 'JY.,i,;es, 261#/1914. Hartpole's mother was an According to this inscription O'More which ironically means Robert Hartpole was 70 odd that Robert Hartpole was related years of age when he died. John 10 Famine in Carlow By Dermot McKenna

AMINES are generally associated with Third World countries where F difficult climatic con­ ditions or civil unrest can affect crops. The media provide ample information on our TV screens of unfortunate persons walking for many miles in search of food. Yet one hundred and fifty years ago, Ireland suffered from famine also. This was caused by the failure of the potato crop which was the staple diet of the majority of the population. 1845-1846 The disease, at first noticed in North America, and Europe, spread to England. The first reports of the disease in Ireland were in Wexford and Waterford This building at Corries, Bagenalstown, with chimney and in September, 1845. By the end of gable end to road was used as a famine kitchen. that month it had spread to Photo: W. Ellis. Carlow, but it was generally believed to be not as severe as in efforts of the relief committees, As an alternative means of other counties. However, by the prevented starvation. alleviating hardship and following spring most of the 1846-1847 distress, the relief committees available potatoes were eaten. were reorganised and new ones This factor together with high Everyone awaited the harvest, but unfortunately most of the formed, giving assistance in unemployment after the spring N urney, Myshall, Grangeford, work, was the cause of much crop was diseased. The clergy Clonegal, Kellistown, Tinryland, suffering. Usually, a labourer and gentry petitioned the Old Leighlin, Barragh, Borris, paid for his land by working for government to provide assistance Ballon, Rathoe, Rathvilly, the landlord. As no actual wage before starvation set in. In response the government Tullow, Ballyellin, Ballymurphy, was paid, he depended heavily Bagenalstown, Clonmore, St. on the potato crop. The agreed to provide further public Mullins and Fenagh. In government decided to set up works, the cost being borne by November, 1846, the Carlow relief schemes to provide work, the State, and recovered through Relief Committee issued cooked thereby enabling the labourer to local taxation. Once more the food to be distributed to the buy food. This was to be funded work was to consist of building destitute in the town. Gradually in most cases by a government and repairing roads. Again there soup kitchens were set up loan which was to be repaid by were delays in implementing the throughout the county, replacing local contributions. Several scheme which caused severe the public works schemes. Each months were to elapse sorting hardships. Sometimes families electoral division had its own out various legal difficulties. In existed for weeks on a few boiled committee, and budgeted in the meantime, relief committees turnips. The landlords were advance. This meant that there were set up by the gentry and unhappy because other product­ were fewer delays than in the clergy to collect subscriptions to ive works were excluded from the previous schemes. They were to provide assistance to those in scheme. The Lord Lieutenant, be funded by the ratepayers over greatest need. The !drone West the Earl of Bessborough, a number of years. Food was also Committee was organised by amended the scheme to allow distributed by members of Horace Rochfort. John James drainage work to take place. The religious orders and other Lecky of Ballykealy set up one in lands of John James Lecky of generous presons. Forth. Ballykealy were improved and The public works schemes an artificial lake was dug. A five­ 1847-1848 were available by the end of the mile wall around Brown's Hill By the summer of 184 7, the summer throughout most of the was built. Sometimes funds ran relief committees, through their county. They consisted largely out and workers had to be let go soup kitchens, had fed those in of building new roads, lowering until money was available. need. As there were no longer hills and filling in hollows, eg, Another problem was the vast any public works, labourers £75 was spent on lowering three numbers in such schemes, eg, on remained on in their jobs. hills between Leighlinbridge March 6, 1847, over 3,000 were However, only about one-quarter and Tullow. This provided employed in County Carlow. The of the usual amount of potatoes sufficient employment for most State could not cope with such a people and together with the situation! • Continued on page 14. 11 Printing in Carlow By Brian W. Keogh

THE following listing of Printings at Carlow 1770-1990 is not intended to be definitive, rather it invites readers to participate by reporting printings not included. Readers should note that their input towards adding to the listings will be regarded as invaluable, the addition of just one extra printing will serve future readers researching this subject well. It is not known exactly when the printing press Carlow Packet." A copy is not known to have was established in this town. It is hoped to show survived. His name and address, Tullow Street is later, that it was early in 1770, when the "Carlow imprinted on a "Notice Relating to Arms," 1798 Journal" was founded by William Kinnier, and on a topical pamphlet of the same period, "The Kinneir or Kinnear, as it was variously spelled. It Times; or a Simple Conversation between Wm. is known from an entry in the "Cork Hibernian Goodman and Patrick Murphy, two poor farming Chronicle" of 22nd November 1772, that he was men in Co. Wexford," 12pp embelished with a then a printer in Carlow, and presumably crude woodcut at the end priced two and a half prosperous enough to marry Miss Mary Gilbert, of pence. A copy is in the National Library. . Clones, Co. Wexford. The National Library also contains two large - The first item known bearing the imprint "At his broadsheets printed by Cooke, living at the Market Printing Office, Dublin Street", is "A Short Cross, headed, "Abstracts of Certain Acts of Treatise upon the Linen Manufacture of Ireland" Parliament for the Preservation of the Peace", 12mo., iii +9pp, dated 1778, in the National Library. 1797, and a copy of the "Presentments for the Wilson's "Collection of Resolutions of the Summer Assizes, Co. Carlow", 1800, 4to., 12pp. Volunteers" quotes under the date March 1782, Although there are in all probability other resolutions from the "Carlow Journal" and examples of 18th century Carlow printings in ''Carlow Evening Post." No copy of the latter is private or public collections, the above would known. appear to be the sum total extant committed to The National Library had a copy of "Kinnier's print to date. Hopefully this article will prompt Carlow Journal or Leinster Chronicle" for readers to search their collections for additional Saturday 27th March 1 784. It consists of four material and commit same to the writer or the pages of four columns each and is numbered editor for inclusion in the next issue. Volume XIV., No. 13. Thus calculating back, allowing one issue per week, it could be reasonably Printing at Carlow concluded that the first issue was published in 1770. 1800-1825: The same is confirmed by another issue in the same library for Saturday 12th February 1785, and 1800 "Presentments, Co. Carlow, Lent Assizes;' is Volume XV., No. 7. Cotton states that it "was 4to., 20pp., G. Cooke, Market Cross (Nat. published for some years prior to 1 786, when its· Lib.) printer, William Kinnear, died"; which infers that 1802 "Presentments, Co. Carlow Lent Assizes" the "Journal" died with him. 17th April, 4to., 20pp., G. Cooke, Market Cross (Nat. Lib.) Continued the 1805 "Presentments, Co. Carlow Spring Assizes" business 18th April, 4to., 20pp., G. Cooke, Market Cross (Nat. Lib.) Lucas's "General Directory of Ireland" lists his 1805 "Presentments, Co. Carlow Summer widow, Mary Kinnier, continuing the business at Assizes" 20th August, 4 to., 12pp. the old address in 1788. Cotton also states: "It (the Note: The last two have no imprint although in form, type and paper are identical with the others printed by Journal) was succeeded by the Carlow Mercury, Cooke. In the latter there is mention of Wm. Moore, printed by Eustace in 1789 etc;". There was a copy printer, who was paid£7. 7s. 1Od. for "County Printing." of the "Carlow Mercury or Leinster Advertiser" in the National Library, being Volume 1, No. 7, from 1812 "Presentments, Co. Carlow, Spring Assizes" Saturday 25th October to Wednesday 29th 24th March 4to., 28pp + wrappers, Wm. October, a bi-weekly, exactly the same size, printed Moore (Nat. Lib.) by Eustace and Lord, price two and a half pence. Note: Daniel Cooke is mentioned as being paid£22 2s 2d for printing 106 Boks of Schedules of affadavits for The year 1788 is not given in the date, but it occurs Presentments, and £5 for printing Respited several times throughout the paper. Presentments. In 1791 another printer, G. Cooke, established in Tullow Street, printing the Co. Kildare 1813 "Abstract of Presentments, Co. Wicklow "Presentments, Lent Assizes", 12mo; t.p+26pp, Summer Assizes" 24th August 12x7, not (National Library). He also printed the paged, Cooke, Printer, Centaur Street. "Presentments" for the Lent Assizes, 1795, 4to; 1815 "Hanover Park Asylum for the Recovery of 20pp., which is in the Haliday Collection. Persons labouring under Mental Derange­ In 1919 a Mr. M. C. Douglas, of Carlow was ment" 8vo Rd. Price. reported to have a facsimile of a "Recruiting 1817 "The Carlow Morning Post", 4th November, Notice for the Carlow Melitia", printed by Cooke_ (Richard Price gives his Crown Bond this about 1792. On the 4th March William Moore gave · date) .. his bond to the Crown as printer of a paper, "The • Continued on page 14. 12 Reprinted from Irish Independent August 1944. Gallant Carlow Bid Fails: Kerry Through To Final KERRY ...... 3-3 (12) CARLOW ...... B;· RECORDER0-10

DEFEATING Carlow by two points - 3-3 (12) to 0-10)-at Croke Park yesterday, Kerry qualified to Record Attendance meet Roscommon (holders) in the All-Ireland Yesterday's attendance was a record for Football Final on September 24. an All-Ireland semi-final. Attendance ...... 40,727 Making their first appearance at the semi-final Gate Receipts ...... £2,515 stage of the Championship, Carlow made a praiseworthy effort, and, on the run of the play, may be considered unlucky losers. carried to extremes and proved helpful to the opposition. Carlow, backed by the breeze in the first half, Kennedy gave a fine display for Kerry at should at least have been on level terms at the midfield, where Morris was a serviceable and interval, when Kerry led by a point - 2-2 (7) to 0-6. untiring worker for Carlow. Doyle (Carlow), whose place kicking was generally sound, had taken a low free from which A weak attack the Kerry backs cleared when a point seemed Kerry forwards were quick to avail of openings; within easy reach. but in general it was a weak attack, showing little Dillon, lying loose from a tough tussle in front of combination, and there were changes in the the Carlow sticks, had Kerry's first goal; and the second half, Kelly moving into the full-forward second, by Kelly, came from a "penalty" following position. Their left-half, E. Walsh, was the best of a struggle after the ball had lobbed close in from a the Kerry backs. free. While making mistakes, due largely to over­ anxiety, the Carlow men played with great An easy goal determination. Against the wind in the second half Carlow had Well trained and speedy, they fielded in fine much the better of the exchanges, but, after about style, and more often than not were masters of the ten minutes, Kerry had a goal in rather easy fight for possession in close play. fashion, the ball striking a Carlow defender on its Whelan was outstanding in a good half-back way to the net from a shot by P. B. Brosnan. line; but the last line, while putting up a stout Carlow fought back in valiant style and the defence, was, on a couple of occasions, caught out Kerry defence, notably Walsh, Healy and of position. Keohane, ably supported by O'Keeffe (goal), With sharper shooting the forwards might have played a big part in bringing their county to the done better, but generally Carlow rose to the final. occasion, and against a county with the repute of Although Carlow did not once give way and Kerry, did better than most people expected. strove earnestly to the end, Kerry had the better of Kerry have room to improve for the final. the closing minutes. Experience and craft were telling factors for a Story of the scoring Kerry side that lacked balance and was below the After 7 minutes, O'Donnell (Kerry) opened with usual Kerry All-Ireland standard. a point. A free by Morris led to a point by Rea It was a keen, hard-fought game; but there was a (Carlow) after 10 minutes. From a free by M. Kelly, good deal of holding, pulling, and pushing of Dillon (Kerry) shot a goal. players that had a spoiling effect. Doyle (Carlow) next had a point (free). Rea Carlow turned hand-passing to occasional (Carlow) received from Morris (free) and scored a advantage; but there were times when it was point. Doyle (Carlow) followed with a point to level the scoring for the second time (Carlow 0-4, Kerry 1-1). Figures of Match Kerry again went ahead when M. Kelly had a FIRST HALF goal from a "penalty", and a bout of hand-passing led to a point by Moore for Carlow. Whelan (pt.) Frees 50's Wides Gls. Pts. scored for Carlow, which left the score at half-time: Carlow ...... 15 0 9 0 6 Kerry, 2-1 (7 pts.); Carlow, 0-6. Kerry ...... 11 2 4 2 1 Clifford (Kerry) had a point after the restart. Doyle (pt. from free) scored for Carlow, and SECOND HALF O'Keeffe (Kerry goal) saved from a free by Morris. Frees 50's Wides Gls. Pts. Kerry dashed off for a surprise goal by P. B. Carlow ...... 17 2 1 0 4 Brosnan, and now led by 4 points (3-2 to 0-7). Kerry ...... 6 0 7 1 3 • Continued on page 14. 13 Famine in Carlow • Continued from page 11.. master's permission, and Census figures. In 1841 there families were broken up. There was a total population of 86,228. were frequent complaints from By 1851 this had dropped to had been sown that spring, and the clergy about the conditions 68,075. This trend has continued' it was inevitable that there in Carlow workhouse. To keep to the present day. 1991 census would be further food shortages. down the costs the Guardians returns indicate a total The government decided that were reluctant to grant any · population of 40,942. It is drastic measures would have to outdoor relief. J. A. Robins probable that fever and cholera take place. This included ending "Carlow Workhouse during the were the cause of far more deaths temporary relief schemes and Famine Years" cites one such than actual starvation. A total of1 amending the poor laws so that case "when Pat Daly, a 11,409 died between 1846-'51. some relief could be given coalminer in the Shroule area The remaining 6,744 most outside the workhouse. had his back broken in the pit, a probably emigrated or died from The workhouse in Carlow was doctor certified that he could not some other cause. Another effect built in 1844, and had be removed from his home of the famine was to virtually accommodation for 800 persons. "without imminent peril to his eliminate small holders of It catered for most of the county, life." Yet the guardians decided approximately five acres. and for part of Slievemargy in that he would be granted relief Because of the provision in the Laois. There were also only if he, and his entire family Relief Act of 184 7 that those who workhouses in Baltinglass, entered the workhouse." owned more than a rood of land Shillelagh and New Ross, to However, they gradually were to be denied any help, they provide for the eastern and relented because so many were either increased their holding or southern parts of the county. At starving. By April, 1848, those sold out. first people were reluctant to on outdoor relief had risen to enter, but as food shortages 5,307. Fever and cholera spread References worsened, many were forced to amongst a starving population. 1. The Famine in Carlow - Thomas P. O'Neill do so. (Carlouiana 1967). Conditions in the workhouses Conclusion 2. Census of Ireland 1841-'51. 1991. 3. Carlow Workhouse during the Famine Years were very harsh, eg, no one was The biggest change caused by - J. A. Robins. allowed to leave without the the famine can be seen in the 4. The Carlow Gentry - J. O'Toole. 1993. Printing in Carlow

• Continued from page 12. 1882 "The Medical Mentor and New Guide to Fashionable Watering places", F. F. Haydn, 1818 "Rules of the St. Patrick Society", 12 mo 8vo., lOOpp, R. Price, (Nat. Lib.) (O'Daly Catalogue No. 21). 1823 "Queen's Co. Presentments, Lent Assizes" 1818 "The Carlow Morning Post", (Vide Carrick's 1823, 8vo., 46pp, R. Price, (Nat. Lib.) Morning Post, 27th November 1818). 1823 "The Miracle, Etc.," Most Rev. Dr. Doyle. 1823 "Queen's Co. Presentments, Summer Assizes, 1820 "The State of the Poor of Ireland briefly 1823", 8vo., 44pp. R. Price, (Nat. Lib.) considered", 8vo., 46pp, Richard Price, 1824 "The Carlow Morning Post", Bi-Weekly, Dublin Street. Monday and Thursday, Richard Price, 1821 "Report of the Institutions for the Lent of (Pigot's Directory). 1821", Rt. Rev. Jas. Doyle, D.D., (R. Price at 1824 "Letters to Laelius on Various Topics The Morning Post office), 8vo., 68pp, (Nat. connected with the present situation in (Lib.) Ireland" 8vo., 62pp, R. Price. 1822 "Letter of J.K.L. to His Grace Dr. Magee, 1825 "Pastorial Instructions for the Lent of 1825", Protestant Archbishop of Dublin", 12mo., Most Rev. Dr. Doyle, 12mo., 20pp, R. Price 12pp (R. Price) (British Museum). (British Museum). ii di , Gallant Carlow bid fails ·r!i 1: • Continued from page 13. Kennedy, Sean Brosnan, J. Clifford, W. Dillon, D. :l I Kavanagh, W. O'Donnell, P. B. Brosnan (capt.), M. I Carlow fought back and had a point by Doyle Kelly. Sub - D. Burke (for T. Brosnan) in second (free), and a free by L. Kelly (Carlow) led to a point half. ,, by Moore. Doyle (Carlow) then had a point (free) to Carlow - J. Quinlan (gl.), J. Lawlor, J. Arch­ ,l.]1··.. I reduce the Kerry lead to a point (3-2 to 0-10). bold, E. Joyce, P. Whelan (capt.), B. O'Rourke, P. ii Kerry pressed now, and M. Kelly (Kerry) had the Farrell, J. Morris, L. Kelly, J. Moore, M. Byrne, W. concluding point. Kerry, 3-3; Carlow, 0-10. Hosey, P. Sullivan, J. Doyle, J. Rea. Kelly retired Mr. B. Nestor (Galway), refereed. injured in the first half and was replaced by S. Kerry-D. O'Keeffe(gl.), T. Healy,J. Keohane, Corcoran, but returned after the interval when T. Brosnan, M. McCarthy, E. Condon, E. Walsh, P. Corcoran went off injured. 14 ; Carlow Little Theatre Society and me By Tony Dooley

MY first contact with CLTS was but Carnew persuaded us to superbly. Paddy Behan is a very in October, 1961, on the steps of enter theirs and despite Laz competent director and excellent Carlow County Council offices Costello being ill and "the lads" player and with him, the late (now the VEC) when I met the leaving some of the furniture Oliver Murphy, Mary Doyle, late Terry O'Morain and behind, we came third. I was to Marian Kinsella, Kate Murphy, enquired about joining. He have more successful festival Seamus O'Rourke and myself, checked if I was a complete experience with the society in won the all-Ireland one-act final beginner and on finding that I later years. I played in The Little in the Talbot Hotel, Wexford, in had played from school he Foxes and one night in the Town 1982. Seamus also directed this invited me to the next meeting of Hall (where all our performances play in a splendid manner with a the society at their house in were held) Terry said "there's number of "directors." This was· Browne Street, beside Bolger's more on stage than in the the society's first win and we pub, where I met the late Leo audience." A gem happened in received a civic reception from Murphy, Bill Hackett (now in that play when a beautiful lamp, Carlow UDC and founder Kilkenny), Nancy Morain and the property of the late Paddy member Carmel McDonnell was Sally Kehoe ainong others and I Ryan, was accidentally broken on the council at the time and also, received a warm welcome and on stage (not part of the play) another player, Paddy Governey have been associated ever since. and while chaos reigned, Tony (Jr). I do not know about the The society was founded in Craughan, who was playing the other members of the cast, but 1945 and Martin O'Hanlon, now Negro servant, just walked on this was my proudest moment deceased, Carmel McDonnell with a dustpan and brush and with the CLTS. They won again (nee Duggan), Steve Watson, cleared it up as if he had been the following year with an were on the first committee and rehearsing it for weeks. innovative effort directed by Terry O'Morain a.l'l.d William Seamus O'Rourke and I cannot Duggan, Pierce Prendergast and Anniversary of pay enough tribute to his his sister, B~tty, and Bridie contribution over the years. Doyle were all involved in the Easter Rising production of The Whip Hand. I have been involved in a I Martin O'Hanlon was an early The society celebrated the 50th number of productions in the producer, though before I anniversary of the Easter Rising 1980s and early '90s and those I arrived they had professional in 1966 with the late . Terry am told were reasonable include producers from Dublin - Ria O'Morain playing "Fluther" "Pats Bo Bwee" in Sharon's Mooney in particular, and this and, sad to say, it was his last Grave, "Harry" in Drinking meant that those producing in role before passing to that great Companions and "Ernest" in my time had great expertise as theatre in the sky, Lord rest his Talk in the Park, in which well as love for the theatre. They soul. The 25th anniversary of Carmel Flahavan gave a lovely performed the Irish classics and CLTS came in 1970 and another performance under John Scott's Rhea was reported to say that "great" of the Irish theatre came direction. In Sharon's Grave I Terry O'Morain was the best to visit us - Micheal Mac played with Paddy Behan, Laz "Fluther" she had seen. Next Liam6ir, who was welcomed by Costello, John Hickey and a ~ year is the Golden Jubilee of the Peggy Murphy as president. wonderful actress who has society so I will not dwell on Peggy had come to us in 1963 played many varied roles - Jo those early halcyon years in and brought expertise on the O'Donovan. We also have Tony which many of the names we acting and directing plain. My Carr who "lit" our all-Ireland will highlight next year, only stint as stage manager was winning performances. His wife, participated - Pat O'Mahoney while Peggy was directing A Mary, was an excellent treasurer as actor and on the technical Letter from the General and she and did "front of house" for side - Nancy Dalton, Betty supplied me with a lighting plot numerous performances. That is O'Gorman, Sheila Treacy and which was new to me. Leo the great thing about our society many more. Murphy, Deirdre Barrett, - we give a hand where it is My first play with the society Carmel Whelan, John McMan­ needed. Marian Kinsella was a was in 1962 in a play called Tons amy starred in this production. marvellous PRO for many years of Money, which was a farcical Joe and Deirdre Brennan came as well as player and director. comedy and rather difficult to to us in the early '60s and The influx of new people is a glad portray. Laz Costello played in Deirdre gave a very moving sight and an assurance that the this production also. Louis Carr performance in Keane's Sive. I society will be there for many did some very fine technical can only gloss over plays and years to come. work on the set, Sally Kehoe players in my time but around Having written this article obtained some beautiful 1970 John Brady, with whom I which mostly deals with my furniture and the local firm had played in two musicals, and involvement in the CLTS and Robinsons also contributed. It · Paddy Governey (Jr) gave some omitted so many people who was not the policy of the society moving performances and John played during my time, this is at that time to attend festivals, is still directing and playing surely my "Swan Song." 15 A 9th example of Rock Art in Co. Carlow has been About ten years ago, the above photograph was taken of the t identified at Crannagh, near Rathanna, where a rock House, Bagenalstown. No explanation of the crest on the keys O'T1 with circles and cup marks has been discovered. We are many en�uirie�. T�E: answer eventually was found in Jimmy indebted to Mr. John Doran, Knockroe for the Gentry, m which 1t 1s stated to be the Rudkin Family Crest, orig photograph. CARLOW MISCELLAI COIIIINledbi INllam BIIS

Plans to have the blessed well of Cranavane restored are being considered. The well is situated a short distance from the ruined church of Barragh, in the townland of Ballinvally, parish of Clonegal. A Patron was held at the well each year up to the 1798 rebellion. Subsequently the well was frequented by those suffering 1. � from eye complaints and debility of limbs. ..,. In the 1930s, particularly on the four Sundays of May, the well was still a place of pilgrimage for a larg� number of people, and this continued up to the 1950s, to a lesser degree. A short distance behind the Blessed Well is another well and tradition has it that there was a third well at the site. It is believed Cranavane was the site of a monastery.

ommy Dobbs, Martin Nevin and Willie White at Andy Jordan 1 the second well at Cranavane. W4 Photo: W. Ellis _._ taken of the bridge on an avenue to Corries ..aest on the keystone was forthcoming, despite sllllld in Jimmy O'Toole's recent book, The Carlow ...Fml'lily Crest, original owners of Corries House. Photo: W. Ellis

Statue of William Dargan outside the National •ELLANY Gallery, Dublin. Photo: w. Ellis 1• Ballast makes amends ',:tr' '"',i,W"' AS part of a major improvement plan for Belfast Harbour two "/,<(,/ii new bridges have been constructed, and were named, the 4): Lagan Road Bridge and the Dargan Rail Bridge. itt The rail bridge has been named after William Dargan who is reputed to have been born at Ballyhide near Carlow. We read in Shipbuilders to the World, a history of Harland & Wolff, by Michael Moss and John R. Hume, that Queen's Island, Belfast, was originally known as Dargan's Island. William Dargan who is well-known as the famous railway I builder was also a builder of canals and harbours. In 1839, he undertook a contract for the straightening of the River Lagan to facilitate easier accessibility to Belfast docks. As consequence of the large amount of excavation needed, an island of 17 acres was created and this became known as Dargan's Island. Ten years later, in 1849, Dargan again got a contract to straighten a further stretch of the Lagan. At this time the name of the island was changed to Queen's Island in honour of Queen Victoria's visit in that year. This is not the first bridge to be named after Dargan. An early illustrated guide to the Dublin/Carlow railway line names the bridge over the railway on the Dublin Road, Carlow as Dargan's Bridge. A historical column in The Nationalist and Leinster Times, Alldy Jordan pointing out Cranavane Blessed December, 1889, records the fact that William Dargan Well to Kevin Kennedy. received his early education at a school run by an M. Taylor, Photo: W. Ellis Castle Hill, Carlow. Macra na Feirme in Carlow 1944-1994 By Maurice O'Neill

HE two greatest mass Folk Schools began to take root union, whereas the opposite forces of change in with the appointment of rural applied elsewhere. Ireland of this century science teachers in such schools That plebescite overwhel­ T were the Trade Unions as Mooncoin, Athy and mingly voted in favour of the age and Macra na Feirme, the former Kilmallock where night classes limit. The stage was then set for celebrating their centenary this created the nucleus around the debate on the future of a year and the latter their fiftieth which Young Farmers Clubs senior organisation. Some of the year. The unions rose from the were forming. older members favoured the bitter ashes of 1913, and Macra short-cut of using Macra as a from the prostration of twenty ready made organisation despite five years of hopelessness Restoration of the results of the vote held less spanning two World Wars, the confidence than six months previously. In War of Independence, the Civil Carlow we were quite uneasy War, the Great Depression of the about the ambivalence of the thirties, and the Economic War. The results are history, and National Executive. That The results were the destruction the effects on the co-operatives unease came to a head because of of the fabric of agriculture and in the rising morale and two events in the fall of that the hope of those engaged in it. restoration of confidence is still year. First was the calling of the felt. But for the sake of this essay meeting of farmers in P. J. From being the world's the impetus given to further Dawson's office in Tullow to leading exporter of butter we farming organisation is the discuss the harvest situation, to were suddenly plunged into the theme. Relating to the Carlow which two prominent members disgrace of having to import area there is not an appreciation of the Executive of the Macra butter for our own use. While of the immense influence that were invited, while the Denmark and Holland were Carlow had in the form that such chairman, secretary and county busy building their pig and dairy an organisation would take. representative of Carlow Macra industries we were busy Before those of us who took part were neither notified or invited .. destroying ours. From proudly depart from this life, we owe it to Michael Holden was then our exporting butter with the stamp history to record what happened county secretary and to whom of Deanta in Eireann on it, we so that present Macra people credit must be recorded for his were reduced to stamping on the and others can know of what an work in the foundation of the packaged butter of our Irish achievement the formation of I.F.A. We were deeply hurt, but creameries the ultimate shame the National Farmers' Associa­ realising the dangers of split at of Deanta in some other place, tion really was and understand national level we destroyed a not alone advertising our shame, the part Carlow played in its letter of protest to headquarters but prostituting our language to birth pains. which had been written. camouflage the fact. In the destitution of the late 1930s our In ten short years Macra had heifer calves were slaughtered progressed from a very few by the lorry load for the bounty scattered clubs to a nationwide Injustice of on the skins, decimating our network of hundreds of a takeover breeding stock. branches. In its educational and social sphere it had attracted young and relatively old to its The second was the publishing Education became ranks. With the growth of of a letter from Paddy Heskins, a the avenue knowledge and confidence the Waterford man who had a pressures to give more emphasis position with the British to the economics of agriculture Department of Agriculture. This In the middle 1940s the became stronger with the appeared in the Farmers situation was reached of no formation of 'commodity Journal of October 9th, 1954 in stock, no trade, no fertilizer, no committees.' This led to a which he advocated the takeover hope. That was the desperation discussion about the future of of Macra by a senior which spawned the Young Macra and in 1954 a plebiscite of organisation with a subsidiary Farmers Clubs, just as 1913 all members and branches was role for a youth branch. This strikes had created the carried out in order to decide could not be let pass, and there desperation of workers. Farmers whether we should impose an could be no doubt left about what had no outlet for direct action, so upper age limit for membership was happening. It must be the approach had to be entirely in order to gradually bring realised that Carlow had not got different. Education became the ourselves into line with the a place on the Executive at that only avenue through which internationally recognised age time and could only gauge what standards could be raised. In structure of under 25 years. The was happening from outside. I vocational schools around the background of our problem was sent a letter in reply pointing out country the idea of the Danish' that Macra preceded a farmers' the injustice of such a take-over 18 particularly in view of the vote launch of this organisation was this year of the golden jubilee of taken earlier in that year. To be fixed for 1st November, but then Macra, nor should the debt owed fair to Paddy Heskins, he replied postponed until the 6th January. influential men who came publicly, and stated that he From Carlow we went with onside to support us were very "went all the way" with our rather heavy hearts as we closely identified with Carlow. contentions, but had been led to believed we had lost the day, but Dr. Juan Greene lived on our believe that the decision had determined to work for whatever borders, and John Litton was already been made. decision was made. Our surprise almost a half Carlovian, his wife was great at the changes in the originated from Ballylean, Letter deeply proposals put to that historic Ballon, from a farm now owned appreciated meeting and even the proposals by Pat Gittens. to link the two organisations Others then entered the public seemed to us to be so unrealistic Nursery ground debate including editorial as to be more a face-saving comment against our stance. gesture than realistic. Such for leaders Rev. Dr. Dan Duffy oflnniskean turned out to be the case, and wrote disagreeing, under the pen Macra retained its independence. The freedom of Macra to name of 'Grafton'. He wrote criticise the older generation in to me personally to explain his senior organisations may raise reasons for the anonymity, a Weekend Macra hackles at times, but they letter deeply appreciated from a for a time remain the bridge common to all committed man. Another organisations in the agricultural straight forward antagonist was The short-term effects field and the nursery ground for Johnny Callinan of Galway, weakened Macra for a time, but so many leaders in so many later a prominent Fianna Fail the freedom from an identifica­ spheres of our national life. The politician. But some heavy­ tion with any particular farming very core of agricultural weights begah to come on side. group left them outside any existence depends on personal John Litton (a father figure in disputes within agricultural initiative and commitment Macra) spoke at a council affairs. It left them free to argue where the power to improve meeting in favour of our stance . the case for young people. It conditions could not be I and probably the most allowed them to learn, to gain harnessed in the way trade I influential of all was the man experience and confidence as unions could use the collective who was later to become the first those of us in the early days of power of their members, but had president of the new farmers' the 1940s and '50s will got to get involved in education !I and co-operative endeavour. '" organisation and a close remember. They came through neighbour of Carlow, Dr. Juan in leadership at all levels and in That is the legacy left to us from Greene. His letter congratulating all organisations. They justify the depths of despondency of the us was, in hindsight, probably the confidence that Carlow '30s and '40s, and the hope for the turning point in the debate, placed in them and in fact, they the future. Carlow played a although we did not dare believe pay a compliment to those who major role in ensuring the it at the time. fought for their independence in independence of young people to As were were not represented 1954. continue as the nursery of future at executive level we had no way This is little known part of the leaders for agriculture and the of knowing how the 'cat would history of farming in Carlow, country. Long may it continue to jump.' The tentative date for the and should not go unrecorded in do so. Secretary's report Rose Murphy

NOTHER year of var­ various houses included in the Martin· Nevin, said he was ied activities has been book. pleased to report that the OCS acco.mplished by the January: Mr. Art Kavanagh, was still flourishing and he A Old Carlow Society. author of In the Shadow of thanked the members for their The winter lectures and summer Mount Leinster, spoke on the enthusiasm and commitment outings were very well attended. Kavanaghs of Leinster. during the year. He complimented Lectures February: Mr. Billy Ellis the museum committee for their October: Mrs. Brigid Dalton showed slides of the railway dedication and goodwill and he gave a lecture on the origin of the system in the county. said their efforts have made the Mac Murrough Kavanagh clan. March: Mr. Dan Carbery museum a successful venture. November: Sr. Maura showed slides of the various The chairman also praised the Duggan spoke on the Orange construction works in which he work of the editor of Carloviana, Order in Co. Carlow in the 18th was involved and the sites that Mr. Tommy Smyth, for the high century. have been developed. standard he continues to December: Mr. Jimmy AGM maintain in the society's annual O'Toole, author of The Carlow The annual general meeting journal. He also thanked Mr. Gentry, gave an interesting talk was held in the Dr. O'Brien day Billy Ellis for his expert advice on the research he did for the · centre on April 27. In his book and he showed slides of the address. the chairman, Mr. • Continued on page 20 19 Photograph taken C 1874 of Michael Maher and his mother outside their house in Church Street. [,eif{hlinbridge, now K efly's. Michael Maher became a Jesuit priest and noted author. His most famous hook, Psychofof{y Empirical and Rational. was so meritorious that a Doctorate ofLiterature was conferred on him withoutfurther test bv London University. (See Carloviana No. 36, 1988/89. Photo reproduced. courtnr of Mr. Thomas Nolan. Sfrzu//.

Obituaries S Continued from page 19 Secretary' report • A great loss to the OCS were on layout and for the On heritage day in September the deaths during the year of photographs he provides. some members toured church Messrs L. D. Bergin, John Officers elected: Chairman, sites at Killeshin, Old Leighlin, Monahan and Pat Purcell. The Mr. Martin Nevin; vice­ Augha and Numey. Messrs. late Mr. Bergin was a founder chairman, Mr. Kevin Kennedy; Seamus Murphy and Martin member of the society. He was treasurer, Mr. Pat O'Neill; Miss Nevin gave a talk at each venue. also the first secretary and editor Anna Kearney replaced Mr. Feile an Fh6mhair of the early editions of Brendan Kealy as trustee. The The Old Carlow Society Carlouiana. The late Mr. committee elected appears on organised a slide show in the Monahan of Castletown another page. museum dealing with "Historical contributed many articles for sites in Co. Carlow and stone Carlouiana and gave some very interesting lectures. Pat Purcell Outings art." The event was very well attended and is encouraging for was a major contributor to the The annual outing on ,July :31 museum. May they rest in peace. was to Drogheda, Monasterboice future showings of other slides. and Millmount museum. The Most Revd. Dr. Laurence To conclude, I wish to thank secretary of the Old Drogheda Ryan, patron of the society, the officers and committee Society brought the group on a officially opened an exhibition members for their co-operation tour of various historical on Co. Carlow literary heritage during the year, the sponsors landmarks, including a visit to in the museum on October 21. who support Carlouiana and the site on the River Boyne The museum committee The Nationalist and Leinster where King William and King organised the exhibition which Times for the coverage they James fought the battle that is comprised valuable books from always give the activities of the still commemorated in our time. members' private collections. Old Carlow Society. 20 Book Reviews W.E.H. Lecky, Historian & Politician 1838-1903 WILLIAM Edward Hartpoole Lecky, Carlow replace both their ideas in the first decades of the new landlord, historian and author was one of the century. nineteenth century's most influential writers. In this Lecky opposed all the reforming legislation of the magnificent intellectual biography fellow Carlow Gladstone era - home rule, land reform, electoral man Professor Donal McCartney, Professor of reform - until at the latter stage of his life he sat with Modem Irish History in University College Dublin, Edward Carson as a member of Parliament for the brings us a tour de force through the man's writings ultra conservative unionist constituency of Trinity and the development of his political ideas from College Dublin. liberal to conservative. By the end of his life all the measures that he had For Lecky the eighteenth century was Ireland's fought against - with the exception of home rule - golden age and Henry Grattan his particular hero. were in place - the Reform Act of 1884, the Local As a writer, he exposed the Act of Union for the Government Act of 1898 and the final Windham corrupt bargain it was and did more than most to Land Purchase Act of 1903. influence English politicians to rectify the legitimate However, it is as a writer and historian that his grievances of Ireland. However, he was appalled by reputation rests and his publications display the the actual course of events which unfolded in the breadth and depth of his ideas. The Religious political arena and by the policies pursued by Tendencies of the Age, Leaders of Public Opinion in Gladstone and Parnell in the 1870s and 1880s. Ireland, History of the Rise and Infhtence of the The comparison with Parnell is fascinating. Spirit of Rationalism in Europe, History ofEuropean They were contell).poraries, Lecky (1838-1891), Morals from Augustus to Charlemagne, History of Parnell (1846-1891), both born into Anglo Irish England in the Eighteenth Century, England, Protestant landlord families and both spent their Ireland, Poems, Democracy and Liberty, Map ofLife, lives immersed in the political battles of their day Historical and Political Essays. - Parnell centrestage in the political arena Early in life he had displayed a certain interest in ruthlessly pursuing power and Lecky the pursuing a political career but did not actually enter intellectual analysing and writing from the Parliament until his later years when any political political sidelines. · ambition he may have had had evaporated. Each had their own concept of Irish nationalism. However, in one piece of poetry written when he Yet the nationalism to which each appealed, Lecky to was twenty-one Lecky perhaps unwittingly came the patriotism of Grattan and Parnell to the nearest to understanding the Irish political psyche patriotism of the men of the hills, was being replaced both nationalist and unionist when he wrote: in their lifetimes by a nationalism which was both newer and older than either. This was the The dead are still our masters nationalism of the new literary and cultural And a power from the tomb revolution, of the foundation of the G.A.A. in i884 Can shape the characters of men, their .and of the Gaelic League in 1893, and which was to Conduct and their doom . - Archaeological Inventory of County Carlow · THIS is the fifth volume in a series published by category with full details of the location and short the Office of Public Works covering the various descriptive paragraph. field monuments to be found in a particular It is interesting to note that one of the categories county. The other counties covered to date are mentioned in the neolithic single burials are also Monaghan, Louth, Meath and West Cork. The referred to as Linkardstown type cists after the volume relating to County Carlow documents Carlow site which was discovered during under thirty-one category types the long history of ploughing and excavated in 1944. human settlement in the county. There are eight hundred and seven monuments There are numerous illustrations and colour listed in thesethirty-one categories ranging from plates and also twelve pages of indices and megalithic tombs to town defences and houses. fourteen pages of location maps. The categories are ranged in broad chronological This volume is an essential source for anybody order. Each monument is listed under its type interested in the archaeology of the county. Come Capture a Castle in County Carlow IN 1971 Victor Hadden, a former editor of In his preface Victor states that the book is "not Carloviana, had completed the manuscript of his so much a history book as a story book" and that book on the history of some of the castles in County "my interest is not so much with localities as with Carlow. He died in 1976 before the book could be the personalities and I have tried to let them live." published. · In this he has succeeded admirably, for in the We are indebted to his family and in particular pictures he paints for us he has captured very his daughter, Avril Hogan, who this year has decided to publish the book in memory of Victor. • Continued on page 23 21 Visitors to the exhibition in the Deighton Hall during the 1994 Eigse were asking the question: Who was Deighton?

A question which prompted William Ellis to look up the files of The Nationalist and Leinster Times seeking information about this man's life.

HEissueofJanuary21, 1932, T had a brief obituary notice which read as follows: "The death on Tuesday oflast week of Mr. Joseph C. Deighton at his residence, "Coolarne," Silchester Road, Glenageary, Co. Dublin, was learned with feelings of deep regret in Carlow where he spent the greater portion of his active life. Deceased came to Carlow as a young man in the capacity of a plumber, and as a result of his extraordinary industry and business acument he soon became one of Carlow's leading businessmen. He with other trades people ~ established the Carlow Gas Co., ii an enterprise which has had s many vicissitudes and which ••+ had often to be financed by the l late Mr. Deighton in order to Lamp bracket over Carlow Town Hall door. preserve its existence. He had the pleasure in later The funeral, which was A news item in The years of seeing the Company in a private, took place on Thursday, Nationalist and Leinster Times most flourishing condition, in 14th inst. from "Coolarne" to of December 8, 1888, read: "Mr. fact, it is one of the most Killeshin Cemetery, Carlow." Deighton's tender to supply an successful undertakings in the ornamental lamp over the Town country. His place of business was in Burrin Street, in the premises to Hall door for £10-7s was Deceased was extremely accepted after some alterations honourable in commercial the left of the present Credit Union premises, where he in the specification, by Carlow affairs and a very loyal Town Commission on Tuesday, colleague. established a thriving iron works. December 4, 1888." Had he lived another month During the recent demolition he would have celebrated his A varied number of items were of Corcoran's Mineral Water hundredth birthday. Almost to manufactured there, some still factory, a cast iron bollard was the end he retained complete use surviving, such as fireplaces, noticed which had the of all his faculties, and took a gates, bollards and ornate lamp inscription: "Deighton Vulcan keen interest in passing events. brackets. Works Carlow." Up to the time the present courthouse was built (1830s) the Deighton Hall was the County Courthouse and was much bigger than at present. There was another apartment which extended into Kennedy Avenue which was demolished to widen the Avenue. 1 In November, 1909, Mr. Deighton handed over the building to St. Mary's Parish, to be used as a parochial hall. 1. Carloviana, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1947. (Thanks to Mr. Victory Gray for help in compiling this article, and to Mr. Tommy Alcock for bringing to our notice the Bollard showing close-up of inscription. Photo: w. Ellis. bollard at Corcoran's). 22 James Shaw and Edward Burke, outside Deighton's Works in Burrin Street. Notice the inscription over the premises. He still was a plumber first! Photo courtesy Miss Kathleen Shaw. From the Chair

THE news that only 44 farmers the Dolmen at Kernanstown to Carlow farmers who over the have applied for EU grants the ring fort at Cooleyhune. years have worked with the Old under the Rural Environmental Remember that under the Carlow Society in preserving Protection Scheme (REPS) is to National Monuments Acts a historical sites, often at great be regretted and I hope that more person who finds an archaeolog­ inconvenience to farming Carlow farmers will respond to ical object is obliged (within four activity. It is good to see some this initiative. Farmers can days) to report the find to the recognition for this, at last. receive an average of £25,000 gardai or the National Museum I would like to take this over five years for carrying out a and to allow the Director to take opportunity to wish all of our range of measures. Although possession of it. members a happy Christmas, mainly concerned to eliminate and in particular to wish two of farm pollution, the scheme is our members every good wish for also to protect historical and Essential attraction the future. Mr. Billy Ellis, who archaeological sites on farms. It for the county has just completed 50 years' provides for the indentification, employment with The Nationalist mapping and protection of ring It should not be forgotten that and Leinster Times, and Mr. forts and other features of these items generate tourism Tommy Clarke, who retired historical importance. and constitute an essential recently after 50 years with An attraction for a county with no Post. By now the landowners in the Brath De oraibh go leir. county should be aware of the coastline. rich heritage of artefacts from We all owe a de ht of thanks to Mairtin Mac Cnaimin.

Book reviews • Continuedfrompage21 vividly the men and turbulent times which he This book is a very fine read and stands as a describes. worthy memorial to a very fine historian. The chapters of the book are arranged in chronological order, beginning with the Norman • A new book which will deal with Carlow people period and ending in the last century with the who achieved fame abroad is currently being eventual demise of Carlow castle. Each chapter researched by Jimmy O'Toole. Apart from people takes us to a particular episode in the life of the born in the county, the publication will also feature castle described, some thirteen of the ninety-three achievers whose ancestors came from Co. Carlow. castles which stand or did stand in the county of Readers with suggestions and relevant material Carlow. The many photographs add to the vivid can contact Jimmy O'Toole at "Sumount," Burrin descriptions in the narrative. Street, Carlow. 23 Ballads of Co. Carlow By Seamus Murphy

N this article, I will use the term "ballad" in "Diofainn ho leathsa, a Eileen a ruin, the broadest sense thus enabling me to S'diofainn da ho leathsa, a Eileen a ruin, dispense with other terms used i.e., "song" or Suillainn an saughal mor leat I "recitation". Acht, cleamnas d'fahgail mo star A ballad is a narrative poem, in short stanzas, 'S ni scaifainn go dear leat, a Eileen a Ruin". telling a popular story and plays a very important role in the preservation oflocal heritage. The main Other ballads in this category are "Molly reasons why local ballads are important are local Asthore", "The Pretty Girl of Raheendoran" and dialects are used, customs, work practices, people, "The Girl I left Behind Me". events and places are mentioned and local reactions to national problems are given. "Molly Asthore" was written by George Ogle, In the use of local dialects, and its mention of who was MP for Wexford in the Grattan period and local custom and work practices, the ballad who was prominent in the 1798 period in Wexford. contributes much to our heritage. Dialect and work The last verse of this song is: methods are well shown in the "Beet Song". "Then fare thee well, my Molly dear "It's down in Graiguenamanagh we're run off our Thy loss 1 e'er shall moan, feet, Whilst life remains in this fond heart Our hands they're all blistered, our backs nearly T'will beat for thee alone, broke, Tho' thou are false, may Heaven on thee And divil a minit we get for a smoke." Its choicest blessings pour A gra machree, mo colleen oge This is the first verse of a ballad which I got from My Molly Asthore". the late Micky Whelan of Graiguenamanagh, in the late Jimmy Hughes' premises in that town. I The ballad is important, not for just the fact that was told that this is only one of many ballads Miss Moore was from Co. Carlow, but it shows that which Eddie Power of Tinnahinch composed. a person of Ogle's position must have had a The song describes the work involved during the thorough knowledge of Irish. sugar beet season, and the local accent and In Rowan McCoombe's "The Pretty Girl of pronunciation are used in singing this song. Raheendoran", we find the lines: "But I shall sing, the maid I love, The rose that blooms without a thorn, "Dance at Marley" And gentle as a faithful dove, My Pretty Girl of Raheendoran". In "The Dance at Marley", P.J. McCall gives an accurate account of the commencement of a house "The Girl I left behind me" concludes: dance. Although written many years ago the practices mentioned could still have been observed "Tis not my love I claim I own at house and threshing dances up to recent times: All for our separation That left me wandering far from home "Murtagh Murphy's barn was full, All in a distant station. To the door when eve grew dull, But when e'er I get my liberty For Phelim Moore, his beautiful No man shall ever bend me New pipes had brought to charm them, I'll see my native land once more In the kitchen thronged the gals, And the girl I left behind me". Cheeks of roses, teeth of pearls, Admiring bows, and braids and curls, Till Phelim's notes alarmed them. Quick each maid her hat and shawl Hung on dresser, bed or wall "Dawning of the Day" Smoothed her hair and smiled at all As she the bawnoge entered; Where a shass of straw was laid Place names are also featured in ballads of the On a ladder raised that made county. One example is from Kate O'Leary's A seat for them as still they stayed, "Dawning of the Day". While dancers by them centred." "Mount Leinster blue is showing through The ballad continues to describe the occasion The wreathing silvery mist. and the tunes played, most of which are popular to Oh, calm and pure the early morn the present time. With birdsong clear and gay, The ballad form of love songs has many May glad eyes bright e'er greet that sight examples in the county. Perhaps the most famous At the Dawning of the Day". is "Eileen a Ruin". There are many versions of this song but the one which I prefer is the one which Another example is from Rowan McCoombe's contains this verse "The Barrow and the Nore" 24 "Sweet vale of Clashganny, where murmuring These two examples are ballads reflecting local sweeps reaction to national problems. Thy wild mountain river, down rapid and seeps, The involvement of the county in various Still winding its course o'er the Scars to the sea freedom movements is shown in a number of Acushla Macree, rolls on to the sea, ballads. "Kevin Barry" is perhaps the most Thy murmuring sounds like some soft lullaby." popular of this class but we have at least two ballads referring to incidents in the county in 1 798. Songs of exile are not forgotten in the county. This connection is shown in two verses of the One of the better known is Peter Cleary's "The "Croppy Boy". Roads around Rathoe". This ballad was one of the favourites of the Carlow entertainer Val Vousden "Early, early, last Thursday night, (William McNevin). The Myshall calvary gave me a fright, To my misfortune and sad downfall, "I think the world has all gone mad, I'm I was prisoner taken by Cornwall" moidhered, sick & sore You never see an ould time crowd as we did in the a later verse has the lines days of yore I'm going now to see my son, an ax' him lave to go "They well guarded me through Burris town, Across the broad Atlantic, to the roads around The bloody Orangemen did me surround; Rathoe". The Captain told me he's set me free If I would bring him, one, two or three, "A Thousand Leagues from Carlow Town", is I'd rather die, or be nailed to a tree, another ballad in this category. Than turn traitor to my country". The clergy are not forgotten, Fr. Mullen, CC, Burris is not a misprint, as this is how "Borris" Clonmore is still remember in song as is Fr. John is spelled in the version which I obtained. Cullen, PP, Tinryland, whose memory is preserved in John Foley's "In. Memorian". "God rest you Father Cullen, in Tinryland's holy "Teresa Malone" shade, Where I spent my happy schooldays, where my The second ballad is "Teresa Malone", which parents are now laid." tells of an incident at Kilcummey in June. One of its verses is: We also have "The house of the Lord in mourning lay, "Then a maiden stepped out from the house, her No light through the windows beaming hair was raven black, The gleaming lamps shed a feeble ray She picked up a trooper's pistol and jumped on a Like the star at midnight gleaming." horse's back, As swift as e'er a racehorse, yet by a jockey rode, The lines quoted are from a poem written when She spurred the noble charger, down the the composer attended the lying in state of Dr. Ballyell en road." James Doyle (J.K.L.) in 1834. The War of Independence and the Civil War are remembered in the lines to Thomas Traynor, "A thousand leagues from Tullow, who was executed in April 1921. Carlow Town" "It was early, early, on a Monday morn, Another aspect of local ballads' importance is As the birds all sang in the flush of dawn, that it gives a local reaction to national problems. On a Monday morning on the gallows high On the problem of emigration we have these lines Brave Thomas Traynor was led forth to die". from John Locke's "A Thousand Leagues from Carlow Town: And to Michael Fay, who grew up in the county and who was killed near Ballymurphy on 18th "But woe is me, the sickness came, April, 1921 and who had served in the British Her trembling voice grew faint and weak, Army 1914-1918 had these lines written The lilies faded on her breast, .concerning him. The roses paled upon her cheek, She drooped and languished day by day, "From Flanders plain across the Main, The grief and fever kept her heart, There came a soldier bold, And with the old memories, next her heart, who changed his mind, a place to find, She died far, far from Carlow Town. Beneath the Green and Gold, In England's war he fought till it was o'er, The verse from the ballad of Miley Carroll, who And his name was Michael Fay died following an engagement in 1922, displays an By Barrow banks he joined the ranks, additional cause of grief to the families of The ranks of the LR.A." supporters of the anti-Treaty force in the Civil War. This article does not claim to be in any way a "No priest gave his blessing, no church bell was comprehensive example of the ballads in the ringing county. There are many ballads on sporting and No prayers for the faithful were heard for his rest, local events which have yet to appear in a county But the tears of his mother, his sisters, and brother collection. The purpose of the writer is to arouse Fell down on the green sod, we laid on his breast." • Continued on page 28 25 The customs of the Manor of Carlow By Tommy Clarke

Nthe31st0ctober, 1588 three and a half parts of one unloaded on the ground, one Queen Elizabeth I made gallon, and every one of the penny, for every entire piece of a grant of the castle and inhabitants within the town of wooden sold, one penny, for 0 manor of Carlow to Catherlagh having a public cloth, one half penny, and for Robert and William Harpoll, at a house for the sale of beer shall every sack of salt one penny. yearly rent of twenty three render for each house four pounds three shillings and one gallons of beer, likewise for penny, "current money of every cow killed within the town Lord shall have Ireland", at the feast of St. the lord shall have the hide second best animal Michael the archangel and paying for the said hide, Easter by equal portions and for fourteen pence, and for a small And also certain other a period of twenty one years. hide six or eight pence. And in all customs by name of herriots The grant consisted of "one works to be executed within the collected within the town of old castle with four towers castle, the inhabitants of the Catherlagh in form ensuing; situate on the eastern side of the town shall find six workmen or after the decease of any tenant or river of the Barrow, one garden labourers everyday during that cottager dwelling within the within the site and precinct of work at their own costs. And town the Lord shall have the the said castle, one tower on the every one of the tenants and second best animal of his other side of the said river, (the cottagers shall weed out the whatsoever kind it may be, by white castle), the fishing of the tares in the demense crops name of herriot and if he have same river, and also a certain annually for three days and one animal and no more it shall custom there, to wit one salmon shall reap the demesne crops in be appraised by the neighbours yearly from every net taking Autumn for three days, and out there, and the Lord shall have salmon in the Barrow running of every house within the town the third part of the piece of the by the limits of the castle. one woman shall bind the animal, and if he shall have no sheaves of the grain in autumn animal then his other goods One carcase and a for one day in every year, and shall be appraised from which every one of the tenants shall cut the Lord shall have six shillings half of beef with his own axe wood for the and eight pence by name of use of the castle. For three days herriot, if the price shall attain to Eighty and four acres of in Summer, and every tenant twenty shillings, and ifless then arable land of great measure having a cart horse shall draw nothing. lying in the town of Catherlagh the wood to the castle for three which Dermot McTeige, days in every year, and in like Four cottages and Edmund McRorie and others manner shall draw the sheaves lately occupied with their nine of grain from the fields to the four acres ploughs and rendered yearly for haggard of the castle for three each plough one carcase and a days in every year, and shall And also three acres arable half of beef, and seventy two give in like manner one cart of land of great measure lying in gallons of beer, and eighteen wood and one bundle of straw at the town of Mortallstown (now loaves of bread and thirty one the feast of Christmas and Mortarstown) and four cottages cottages there (Carlow) of which another cart of wood and and four acres of land of great nineteen cottiers, collectively another bundle of straw at the measure in the town of paid thirty three shillings and feast of Easter, and every one of Downganstown (now Bestfield), four pence annual rent and paid the cottagers shall give one lately in the tenure of a certain nothing further except works bundle of rushes at Christmas William Power, and also five and customs. And also divers and Easter, and the tenants acres arable land of great other customs there to wit, every shall plough yearly with their measure in the town of one of the tenants and the nine ploughs in the time of Ballinragh otherwise Ballinrath cottagers annually rendered out wheat sowing for three days and (Ballinree??), all parcel of the of every flock of thick sheep likewise in the times of oat manor of Catherlagh, and also being in number seven sheep or sowing, and shall draw with four acres of great measure in upward one sheep and if they nine carts the sheaves of grain the town of Ahate or Athroo, had not more sheep than seven for the benefit of any fair or mart (now Aghade), and one acre of then they shall render for every annually to be held in the town land of great measure in the sheep within the number of of Catherlagh, at the feast of the town Killenore alias Killemore seven, one penny, and every one Assumption of The Blessed (now Kilmurry near Ballon). of the tenants and cottagers Virgin Mary, which profits may And also eight messuages four shall render annually at the be collected in manner cottages and twenty six acre feast of Christmas, one hen, and following:- out of every shop arable land, pasture, moor and every one of the tenants having and stall then and their erected, wood of great measure in the cows shall render yearly one four pence, and for every horse county of Catherlagh, and also dish of butter in the month of sold there two pence, and for four acres of great measure in May and another dish in every cow sold a penny, for every the county of Catherlagh, with Autumn, every dish containing horseload of merchandise then certain customs there: every 26 Gitrlbv(.· ....• i·····•·.... •·rn·•··· /••····· ·}•••••• •·····i··•···•·••/ ·t•·•·····•····:· ... ·r·· . ii'g, .!!!iliJ~q,1).?',;Qn pl(lje 0.lfJ~~rl .· < > . ./ .··.· fjr;:tY;.~fl at fli~ op~1f!f':lf, ~.~.if!.o1).1:lY9:P;· .. l."i!!i ~m1i1J ~eY;ir,A .C.?f1"; qpf ¥a1f~J~P; ¥ii?!. Q~(l,f!.P,'J.fJ.~ rJ!fl:lj.fl~ f!.i~'!fi); NiJtf?n'!f~~ Ardattin; Mick This interest exists in the county as will be noted Fitzpatrick, Rutland; Luke Morrissey, Ballycurry from the list of people to whom I am especially and a special thanks to Pat Curran, Connaberry, indebted. Unfortunately some of these people are who gave me the air of "Teresa Malone" and no longer with us. These include Jim Clarke, "Michael Fay". 28 Hacketstown Hosiery Industry SHORTLY after his arrival in although the highet praise was along the venture and have Hacketstown almost a year ago, forthcoming on all sides from acquired ample stocks to satisfy Mr. B. Walsh, B.Sc. Principal of those who had used their the needs of the most critical. It the Vocational School commenced products, yet it is only now that is to be hoped that neighbouring experiments in an endeavour to the promoter of the infant towns will assist the industry in provide permanent remunerative industry is perfectly satisfied a similar manner, and thus help employment locally for some of with the acme of perfection to establish it on a firm and his students when they would accomplished, and he has placed. permanent basis. have completed their studies at a wide range of excellent men's Boys' and men's golf hose are the Vocational School. socks at the disposal of the; also being produced, and will The success which has greeted general public at competitive shortly be on sale. Mr. Walsh is his persistent efforts in spite of prices. certainly to be congratulated on numberless difficulties, is now Only first-class wool is used, his initiative and foresight in apparent to all who have seen while a special feature which embarking on this scheme, his team of girls busily engaged will be welcomed by housewives which marks another mileston producing men's socks with in particular is that the heels are in the annals of Vocational expert skill. Although they have specially reinforced. Education. been engaged at this work for The local business people have - Nationalist & Leinster Times, several months past, and· heartily co-operated in helping 18/7/1936. Dedication of New Bells in St. Mary's Church

A SOLEMN religious ceremony the parish church was in "a The structure, then erected, was held in St. Mary's Church, decayed and ruinous condition," continued for a century without Carlow, on Sunday, 14th inst., it should be pulled down and additions. when a peal of 8 tubular bells rebuilt forthwith. In 1830, the Church was re­ was dedicated to the Bishop of The Bishop informed the Vestry roofed, and the present beautiful Ossory at morning service to the that "he had obtained from spire, designed by Thomas memory of the late'Mr. and Mrs. several worthy gentlemen Cobden, an eminent architect, W. Browne-Clayton, Brown's Hill, voluntary subscriptions to the was added. Carlow. The bells are a gift from value of three hundred and The Rector in 1 726 was the the children of the late Mr. and thirty nine pounds" towards the Rev. Richard Grantham, and the Mrs. Browne-Clayton. work of rebuilding. The work Trustees of the building fund There was a large congregation was at once undertaken, and were, the aforementioned Wm. present at the service. Canon Wm. Browne, Esq., was Browne, Esq., Browne's Hill; Ridgeway officiated, and the nominated Treasurer of the Fund. Philip Bernard, Esq., Straw Hall, Bishop preached and celebrated This gentleman was ancestor and Major Achilles La Columbine, Holy Communion. of the donors of the new peal of one of the Hugenots, who had The Church is exactly 200 years bells. He carried out the work of settled in what was then called built this year. On July 18th, 1726, collecting funds and paying the Catherlogh. the Right Rev. Joshua Hart, trademen's accounts. His The new bells were founded Lord Bishop of Ferns and balance sheet, most beautifully and hung by Messrs. Harrington Leighlin, was present at a written, in incorporated in the and Holland, of Coventry. Vestry meeting in Carlow. His Vestry Minute Book, which - The Nationalist & Leinster Lordship then proposed that as dates back to 1666. Times, 20/3/1926. Visit of the Duke of Clarence

TO-DAY an . interesting polo Duke of Clarence and Avondale, appointed Lord Deputy oflreland match will be played at Tiny Captain Kavanagh, Hon. G. in 1361. He came over with the Park, Carlow, the contending Bryan and Mr. Bond. titles of the Earl of Ulster and teams being the County Carlow A correspondent writes - "It Lord of Connaught, and having Polo Club and the 10th Hussars, is announced that the Duke of conquered the county of Clare which is accounted one of the Clarence eldest son of H.R.H. the the additional title of the Duke of crack teams of the United Prince of Wales, is coming to Clarence (Clare) was conferred Kingdom. On this account, and take part in a polo match at Tiny on him. He removed the seat of also from the announcement Park here on Saturday. If this is Government from Dublin Castle that the Duke of Clarence and true it may be of interest to your to Carlow Castle, together with Avondale will take part in the readers to learn that the first the Mint. It is not recorded, but it game, it is sure to attract a large Duke of Clarence resided in is thought, that he marched to number of spectators. The Carlow Castle at the time the Clare from Carlow. No Duke of following are the teams: title was created by his father, Clarence has visited this town Carlow - Messrs. Ross, Edge, Edward III, and conferred on since. Grogan and Captain de Robeck. him. Prince Lionel, afterwards - Nationalist & Leinster Times 10th Hussars - H.R.H. the first Duke of Clarence, was 19/9/1891. 29 Officers and Members of the Old Carlow Society 1994/95

Patron Doogue, Martin, Baltinglass, Co. Wicklow. His Lordship Most Rev. Dr. Laurence Ryan, Bishop of Kildare Dooley, Mrs. Mary, 14 St. Killian's Crescent, Carlow. &Leighlin. Dooley, Anthony, Mortarstown, Carlow. Doran, Peter, Rathanna, Borris, Co. Carlow. Honorary Life Members Dowling, John, Linkardstown, Carlow. Alec Burns, Bethany House, Carlow Doyle, Mrs. C., 48 Sycamore Road, Rathnapish, Carlow. Miss Iona McLeod, 19 Braganza, Carlow Doyle, Miss Nellie, Granby Row, Carlow. Doyle, PatrickM. Newtown, Borris, Co. Carlow. Chairperson Doyle, Peadar &Ita, Manure, Graiguecullen, Carlow. Martin Nevin Doyle, Martin, Ave De Flanders, Wexford. Duggan, Sr. Carmel. St. Ursula's, Sandyford, Co. Dublin. Vice-Chairperson 'Dunne, Mrs. Rita, 43 Riverside, Carlow. Kevin Kennedy Dunny, William, Sherwood, Braganza, Carlow. Dwyer, Edward T., 39 Dillmont Drive, Smithtown, N.Y. Secretary 11787. Miss Rose Murphy Ellis, William, Burrin Street, Carlow. Treasurer PatrickO'Neill Fennell, Mrs. Eileen, Chapelstown, Carlow. Fitzgerald, George, Hillcrest, Hanover, Carlow. Journal Editor Fitzmaurice, Mrs. Sarah, Laurel Lodge, Carlow. Thomas Smyth Flood, Mrs. Mary, Knock, Ballymurphy, Co. Carlow. Flynn, Miss Bridget, Burrin Street, Carlow. Committee Miss Daisy Coughlan, Mrs. Jane Maddock, Thomas Clarke, Geoghegan, Thomas, Ballinacarrig,Carlow. Michael Denieffe, Brendan Nolan, Michael Brennan, Seamus Glancy, Christopher, 16 Royal Oak Road, Bagenalstown, Co. ' Murphy, Miss Anna Kearney, Mrs. Ellen O'Neill, Myles Carlow. Kavanagh Governey, Francis, Pollerton Big, Carlow. Greco!, John, 4273 Metropolitan Drive S.W., Cleveland, Ohio, MEMBERS 44135-1839, USA. Alcock, Noel, 46 Staunton Avenue, Graiguecullen, Carlow. Grant, Mrs. Margaret, Clonegal, Enniscorthy, Co. Wexford. Alexander, John, MilfordHouse, Milford, Co. Carlow. Grant, Mrs. Nora, Clonegal, Enniscorthy, Co. Wexford. Aughney, Fr. John, Leighlinbridge, Co. Carlow. Harding, Rev. Brian, St. John's, Kilkenny. Bagenal, J.S., Leaside, Hertingfordbury,Hertford, Herts. Haughney, Eamon, Pollerton Road, Carlow. Barron, David, Dun Barron, Sycamore Road, Carlow. Healy, Pat, Pollerton Castle, Carlow. Bayliss, Mrs. P. 56AC13 RR5 Vernon, British Columbia, Hennessy, Nora, Cois Abhainn, Borris, Co. Carlow. Canada CVIT6L8. Hennessy, Mrs. Anna, Ballytighlea, Borris, Co. Carlow. Begley, Michael, AIB, 36/37 Tullow Street, Carlow. Herriott, Miss Kathleen, Kilree Street, Bagenalstown, Co. Boyce, M. J., Braganza, Carlow. Carlow. Brady, Matthew &Breda, Beann Ard, Borris, Co. Carlow. Higgins, Miss Noreen,15 Monacurragh, Carlow. Brennan, Michael &Joan, 2 Burrin Road, Carlow. Hogan, Seamus, Rathrush, Rathoe, Co. Carlow. Brennan, Mrs. P., Kilcoltrim,Borris, Co. Carlow. Holden, Michael, 30 Hanover Road, Carlow. Brooks, Walter, HighfieldBungalow, Dublin Road, Carlow. Hosey, William, Castlemore, Tullow, Co. Carlow. Butler, Tom and Mrs., 141 Leytonstone Raod, Stratford, Hughes, Mrs. Betty, Ballinabranna, Milford,Co. Carlow. London E151LH. Byrne,Mrs. Annie, LittleBarrack Street, Carlow. Jordan, Andrew, Myshall, Co. Carlow. Byrne,Rev. Gerald, Ballyconnell, Tullow, Co. Carlow. Jordan, Mrs. Mary, 9 Roncalli Place, Carlow. Byrne, Larry, Bahana, St. Mullins, Co. Carlow. Jones, Patrick, Staplestown Road, Carlow. Byrne, Margaret, 16 Sutton Grove, Sutton, Dublin 13. Byrne, Dr. Joan, 33 Eaton Square, Terenure, Dublin 6. Kavanagh, Myles, 10 Royal Oak Road, Bagenalstown, Co. Byrne, Thomas, Coolnakishna, Leighlinbridge, Co. Carlow. Carlow. Byrne-Minchin, Mrs. Margaret, Coolnacuppogue, Corries, Kavanagh, Peter, Main Street, Borris, Co. Carlow. Bagenalstown, Co. Carlow. Kearney, Anna, Apartment7, Cathedral Close, Carlow. Kearney, Mary, Apartment 7, Cathedral Close, Carlow. Carbery, Dan &Attracta, Glencarrig, Green Road, Carlow. Kearney,Simon, Kilnock, Ballon, Co. Carlow. Clarke, Thomas, 57 St. Clare's Road, Graiguecullen, Carlow. Kehoe, Thomas, 57 Dublin Street, Carlow. Coen, Mrs. S. Kilkenny Road, Carlow. Kelly, Mrs. Mary, Burrin Street, Carlow. Comerford, Patrick, Bahana, St. Mullins, Carlow. Kelly, Ned, 118 St. Clare's Road, Graiguecullen,Carlow. Connolly, Alice, Maganey, Co. Kildare. Kennedy, Edward, Kyle Park, Carlow. Conry, Michael, "Avila", Tullow Road, Carlow. Kennedy, Kevin, 6 Oakley Park, Graiguecullen, Carlow. Considine, Mary Lou, Harbour Square 624, 510N Street S.W., Kenny, Peter, John J . Duggan & Co., College Street, Carlow. Washington D.C. 20024. Keogh, John, 56 Dublin Road, Tullow, Co. Carlow. Coogan, John, Castlemore, Tullow, Co. Carlow. Kinsella, Patrick, 1520 Columbus Avenue, Burlingame, Corcoran, Mrs. B., 132 JKL Avenue, Carlow. California94010. Coughlan, Miss Daisy, 104 Montgomery Street, Carlow. King, Sean, 6 The Glade, Oak Park Road, Carlow. Crombie, Mrs. Veronica, Pembroke, Carlow. Cuddy, Patrick, 21 !drone Park, Tullow Road, Carlow. Cummins, Mrs. B., Dublin Road, Carlow. Lennon,Mrs. M., Tullow Street, Carlow. Cunnane, Very Rev. Canon James, Our Lady of the Taper Little, Mrs. P., 5 Montgomery Street, Carlow. Church, Cardigan, Wales. McDonald, Edward, Clonmore, Hacketstown, Co. Carlow. Dalton, Mrs. Eileen, Corries, Bagenalstown, Co. Carlow. McDonald, Thomas & Anne, Harristown, Co. Carlow. Dalton, Mrs. Brigid, Goolin, Borris, Co. Carlow. McDonnell, Mrs. Carmel, Barnagree,Tullow Road, Carlow. Dalton,Mrs. Bridget, Ballinvalley, Borris, Co. Carlow. McEvoy, Rev. John, St. Patrick's College, Carlow. Daly, Mrs. Ann, lOShelton Grove, Terenure, Dublin 6. McKenna, Fay &Mary, Maryville, Granby Row, Carlow. Darcy, Christie, Tullow Street, Carlow. McAssey, Mrs. Mary, 118 St. Clare's Road, Graiguecullen, Darcy, Mary, Tullow Street, Carlow. Carlow. Denieffe, Michael,40 Oakley Park, Carlow. McDarby, Mrs. Kathleen, 3 Larkfield Carlow. Dillon, Larry &Joan, Rutland, Palatine, Carlow. McDarby, Miss Kathleen, 3 Larkfield, Carlow. Dobbs, Thomas, Aclare, Myshall, Co. Carlow. McDonnell, Rev. Thomas, St. Patrick's College, Carlow. Dolan, Hugh, 35 Oakley Park, Tullow Road, Carlow. McKenna, Rev. Dennot, 20 Sherwood, Carlow. 30 Maddock, Patrick & Jane, 173 Fr. Maher Road, Oliver, Mrs. Agnes, Carrig Rua, Kilkenny Road, Carlow. Graiguecullen, Carlow. Oliver, Richard, 1024 Fox River Drive, De Pere, Wisconsin Maguire, Mrs. Eileen, 34 Dublin Road, Carlow. 54115. Maher, Donal, John J. Duggan & Co., College Street, Carlow. Mealy, Fonsie, The Square, Castlecomer, Co. Kilkenny. Rathusky, Mrs. Mary, Montgomery Street, Carlow. Moore, Mrs. Annie, 14 Montgomery Street, Carlow. Reddy, Seamus, 191 Sleatty Street, Graiguecullen, Carlow. Moore, Mrs. Fran, Donore, Bagenalstown, Co. Carlow. Reddy, Mrs. Angela, 1 Tullow Road, Carlow. Moran, James, Burrin Street, Carlow. Redmond, Mrs. C., Silverdale, Crossneen, Carlow. Murphy, Moses & Mary, Slievedurda, Borris, Co. Carlow. Redmond, Thomas J. Heywood, Oak Park, Carlow. Murphy, Miss Nora, 10 Woodlawns, Borris, Co. Carlow. Rice, Mrs. Mena, Main Street, Borris, Co. Carlow. Murphy, Miss Rose, 38 Kennedy Street, Carlow. Rooney, Patrick, Ballyellen, Goresbridge, Co. Kilkenny. Murphy, Simon, Ballybeg, Borris, Co. Carlow. Murphy, Seamus & Terry, Pollerton Little, Carlow. Scully, C.C., 68 Prince's Gardens, Cliftonville, Margate, Kent. Murphy, James & Eileen, Drumphea, Garryhill, Co. Carlow. Shannon, James, Lorien, Scotland, Hacketstown, Co. Carlow. Murray, Mrs. Madge, 25 Dublin Street, Carlow. Shaughnessy, Miss Breda, Railway Terrace, Borris, Co. Carlow. Nevin, Martin, Carlow Road, Leighlinbridge, Co. Carlow. Sheehan, Richard, Dunleckney, Bagenalstown, Co. Carlow. Nolan, Breda, Station Road, Bagenalstown, Co. Carlow. Sheehan, Eileen, 119 Upperfield Road, Welwyn Garden City, Nolan, Brendan & Vicky, 38 Burrin Street, Carlow. AL 7 3LR Herts. Nolan, Mrs. Kathleen, 32 Kernanstown, Bennekerry, Carlow. Slater, Val, 39 Sycamore Road, Rathnapish, Carlow. Nolan, Liam, Newtown, Bagenalstown, Co. Carlow. Smyth, Mary, Aughnasheelin, Sleatty, Carlow. Nolan, John T., 22 East Court Street, Iowa City, Iowa. Smyth, Thomas, Aughnasheelin, Sleatty, Carlow. Nolan. Patrick. Shee Alms House, Rose Inn Street, Kilhnnv Swayne, Msgr. Sean, Graignamanagh, Co. Kilkenny

O'Connor, Mrs. Eileen, Rosemount, Borris, Co. Carlow. Thomas, Peter, The Hermitage, Carlow. O'Connell, Miss Maureen, Lacken House, Borris, Co. Carlow. O'Dea, Patrick & Mary, Cill Bharra, Killeshin Road, Carlow. Von Deym, Bernhard Graf, Fenagh House, Fenagh, Co. O'Hare, Patrick & Maire, Glenamoy, Leighlinbridge, Co. Carlow. Carlow. O'Leary, Mrs. Eileen, Ars na Greine, Montgomery Street, Walshe, Patrick, Green Drake Inn, Borris, Co. Carlow. Carlow. Walshe, Mrs. Bridie, Glass House, Borris, Co. Carlow. O'Neill, Mrs. Ellen, Broomvilla, Ardattin, Co. Carlow. Whelan, Sean & Delma, 4 Montgomery Street, Carlow. O'Neill, Miss Mary 167 Colclough Avenue, Graiguecullen, Wynne, Dr. John, 2230 Jefferson Avenue, West Vancouver, Carlow. B.C., Canada V7V 2A8. O'Neill, Maurice, Kilmurry, Ballon, Co. Carlow. Wynne, Anthony E., 376 McKendry Drive, Menlo Park, O'Neill, Patrick, 21 Bullock Park, Carlow. California 94025. O'Neill, Sean, 30 Kill Abbey, Blackrock, Co. Dublin. O'Shea. Rev. Philip, PP, Myshall, Co. Carlow.

SPONSORS

DOWLING CHEMICAL SYSTEMS 'THE SYCAMORES' T. Nolan - Furniture made to order LINKARDSTOWN, CARLOW SLIGUFF, MUINEBHEAG, CO. CARLOW Tel. 0503/46103/46233. Fax 0503/46272 Tel. 0503/21221

THE LORD BAGENAL INN W. J. PRENDERGAST & SON LTD. Knitwear Manufacturers Leighlinbridge, Co. Carlow LEIGHLINBRIDGE. CO. CARLOW Telephone 0503/21668 Tel. 0503/21126. Fax 0503/22441 ULSTER BANK LIMITED. STONE DEVELOPMENTS LTD. HANOVER PLACE, CARLOW JAMES WALSHE QUARRIES, OLD LEIGHLIN, CARLOW Tel. 0503/ 43034 Telephone 0503/21227. Fax 0503/21607 Branch Manager. Derek Harte; Assistant Manager. Harry O'Reardon Quarry Masters. Monumental and Architectural Stonework ARBORETUM GARDEN CENTRE PCAS (Prop: Frank and Rachel Doyle) Process Control and Automation Systems (E.D.) Ltd, HANOVER, CARLOW Strawhall Industrial Estate, Carlow. Tel. 0503/43022. Fax 0503/43835 Tel. 0503/ 42377. Fax 0503/ 42620 MATT D. DOYLE Monumental Works SAM MOORE & SONS LTD. Pembroke and Quinagh, Carlow TULLOW ROAD, CARLOW. Phone: 0503/31391 Telephone 0503/42338 (house); 0503/42048 (work) Honda, Peugeot Main Dealers

MICHAEL BEHAN FOLEY'S PUB Masseur I.H.C.A. Dip., Sports Therapist ITEC Dip. KENNEDY STREET, CARLOW BURRIN ST., CARLOW. Rossmore: Home No: 0503/ 46213 Prop: Kieran Foley

DEANE'S NEWSAGENT, T. A. HARNEY & CO. Chartered Accountants BARRACK STREET, CARLOW NO. 2 PRESENTATION PLACE, CARLOW Tel. 0503/43081 Phone 0503/32552 (3 lines). Fax 0503/31134 1tlilPiJ1ftlfliJfi~-

31 SPONSORS MACS SOTHERN AUCTIONEERS LTD. Menswear, Dress Hire Auctioneers, Valuers, Insurance Brokers, 6, TULLOW ST., CARLOW. Phone: 0503/31555 37 DUBLIN ST., CARLOW. Phone 0503/31218. Fax 0503/43765 A " the best in Menswear District Office: Irish Nationwide Building Society

Prescription Specialists FL YON TO SEAN FOLEY O'CONNOR'S GREEN DRAKE INN, BORRIS CORLESS'f', 44.DUBLIN ST., CARLOW. Phone: 0503/31734 Lounge and Restaurant - Lunches and Evening Meals For all your Medical and Optical requirements Weddings and Parties catered for CARLOW ROWING CLUB IRISH PERMANENT BUILDING SOCIETY FOUNDED 1859 122/3 TULLOW STREET, CARLOW Youth of Carlow/Graiguecullen Phone:0503/43025,43690 always welcome Seamus Walker - Manager Carlow EDUCATIONAL BUILDING SOCIETY FIRST NATIONAL BUILDING SOCIETY 3, BURRIN ARCADE, CARLOW MARKET CROSS, CARLOW Phone:0503/42203,42579 Phone:0503/42925,42629 Michael Garvan - Branch Manager Con O'Neill - Branch Manager JOHN BRENNAN & CO. LTD. MULLARKEY INSURANCES BACON CURERS, CARLOW COURT PLACE, CARLOW Phone:0503/31710 Phone:0503/42295,42920 Ask for Brennan's Pork Sausages General Insurance - Life and Pensions - Investment Bonds , JONES BUSINESS SYSTEMS GIFTS GALORE FROM Mitsubishi Fax Machines, Amstrad and GILLESPI ES Apricot Computers Sales and Service KENNEDY AVENUE, CARLOW BURRIN STREET, CARLOW. Phone: 0503/32595 Phone:0503/31647,42451 CARLOW PRINTING CO. LTD. DEVOY'S GARAGE LTD. STRAWHALL INDUSTRIAL ESTATE, CARLOW TULLOW ROAD, CARLOW For all your Printing Requirements. Phone: 0503/31512 Opel Dealers, Oil Distributors Directors: Aileen and Barry Duggan Phone:0503/31303

THOMAS M. BYRNE & SON KNOCKBEG COLLEGE, CARLOW Auctioneers, Valuers and Estate Agents BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL FOR BOYS 18, DUBLIN STREET, CARLOW Phone:0503/31853,31030,31008. Fax:41608 Phone:0503/42127

~ AAA•.V ...A.AB• CARLOW SERVICE STATION ~~ ,,,, ...... , GREEN LANE. Phone: 0503/ 42861. Proprietors: F. and B. Mulvey. COURT PLACE, CARLOW Open Hours: Mon--Sat., 7 a.m.-midnight. Sun., 8 a.m.-midnight. Phone:0503/31665.Fax:0503/42118 Cigarettes, Sweets, Cones, Minerals, Groceries.

A CC BANK O'CONNORS NEWSAGENTS A.C.C. HOUSE, GREEN LANE, CARLOW Papers, Magazines, Cards, Toys Phone:0503/31045,31603 THE RITZ, TULLOW STREET, CARLOW

TRUSTEE SAVINGS BANK SHEEHY MOTORS 55, TULLOW ST., CARLOW GREEN LANE, CARLOW Phone:0503/32253 Dealers for Volkswagen and Audi Cars John Lidierth - Branch Manager Phone:0503/31047,31288 JAMES DEMPSEY HARDWARE LTD. CLELANDS SUPERMARKET 87, TULLOW STREET, CARLOW CARLOW, PORTLAOISE, PORTARLINGTON, ABBEYLEIX, Phone:0503/41644,41048 TULLAMORE, RATHDOWNEY, MOUNTMELLICK, MOUNTRATH, For all your Building Supplies and General Hardware NEWBRIDGE. REDDY'S F. ROBINSON & SONS Bar, Lounge and Restaurant- 67, TULLOW STREET, CARLOW Buyers and Sellers of high-class new and secondhand Furniture Phone: 0503/42224. Lunches from 12.30. and Floor Coverings - Fitted Carpets a speciality. Licensed Restaurant from 5.30. Parties catered for. BURRIN STREET, CARLOW. Phone: 0503/31652 ALCOCKS LAMBERTS Traditional Pub and Lounge Newspapers, Weekly Magazines, Periodicals, GRAIGUECULLEN BRIDGE Fancy Goods and Stationery Worth The Visit. Est. 1827. DUBLIN STREET, CARLOW. Phone: 0503/31921

QUINNSWORTH SUPERMARKET BYRNE'S ELECTRICAL T. V. Sales and Reita/, Video and Hi-Fi KENNEDY AVENUE, CARLOW 2, TULLOW STREET, CARLOW. Phone: 0503/31770 Phone:0503/43216 HACKETSTOWN. Phone: 0508/71124. CARLOW CURTAIN CENTRE CROTTYS Specialists in Covering Eiderdowns, Upholstery, Loose Covers, BAKERIES, CARLOW Pelmets, Curtains, Bedspreads. High Class Bakers of Fancy Breads and Catherine Tunstead, 10 MONTGOMERY ST., CARLOW. Tel: 0503/43483 Confectionery

32 SPONSORS

Carlow's leading Department BOOKS & THINGS ,tf§ Store HIGH ST., BAGENALSTOWN. Phone: 0503/22164 .__,r ,.> School Books, new and secondhand, Stationery, Greeting Cards TULLOW STREET, CARLOW and Toys, Photocopying Service, Local History Books. R. HEALY & SON A.I.B. Funeral Directors 36-37 TULLOW STREET, CARLOW POLLERTON CASTLE AND COLLEGE STREET Serving Carlow since late 1880s. 31286 Phone 31868 Branch Manager: Michael Begley. Manager: Barry Hickey

SUPERVALU, TULLOW ROAD GAELSCOIL EOGHAIN Ui THUAIRISC Free Car Parking BOTHAR POLLERTON. Guthan 0503/31634 WEDNESDAY SPECIALS EVERY WEDNESDAY Opening Hours: Mon., Tues., Sat. 9-6. Wed., Thurs., Fri. 9-9 Oideachas Lan-Ghaelach do phaisti bunscoile

FOLEY'S JON'S Lounge Bar MEDICAL HALL LTD. LENNON'S REAL ESTATE HOUSE, 66 TULLOW ST., CARLOW 121, TULLOW STREET, CARLOW. Phone: 0503/31575

WINDOW FASHIONS (Carlow) LTD. NORMAN D. SIXSMITH & LAMP SHOP Agricultural and General Engineer Soft Furnishings & Lighting Specialists 4 CASTLE ST., CARLOW. Phone: 0503/ 42554 DUBLIN ROAD, CARLOW. Phone: 0503/31593

BANK OF IRELAND LEIX PHARMACY POTATO MARKET GOVERNEY SQUARE, CARLOW. Invest in your future - Save with Bank of Ireland today Manager: Ken Wilson Phone:0503/31341 OGLESBY AND BUTLER LTD. O'BRIEN TRAVEL LTD. INDUSTRIAL ESTATE, DUBLIN ROAD, CARLOW DUBLIN STREET, CARLOW Manufacturers of Portasol Soldering Irons and Equipment Phone: 0503/31613. Telex: 33006. Phone:0503/43333 Specialists in Air and Sea Travel

JACK McDONALD IRISH NATIONWIDE BUILDING SOCIETY New and Used Tractors 73 BURRIN STREET, CARLOW CROSSNEEN, CARLOW. Phone: 0503/31455 Phone:0503/43377,43574

DAN MORRISSEY LTD. RYAN'S FOODMARKET BENNEKERRY 31464, GRANGEFORD 46629, CLONMELSH 46142 STAPLESTOWN ROAD, CARLOW Readymix Concrete * Concrete Products * Ground Limestone * Rockford Tiles Open 7 Days. Coal and Briquettes available.

DARCY'S SEAN AND MICHAEL BYRNE Publican and Grocer Furniture and Carpets GLYNN, ST. MULLINS 33-35 TULLOW STREET, CARLOW "Don't Pass. Call".

RACEY BYRNE'S THE PLOUGH THE NATIONALIST & LEINSTER TIMES TULLOW STREET, CARLOW Newspaper Publishers, Typesetting and Office Stationery Sport, craic agus ceoil Live music every weekend TULLOW STREET, CARLOW THE IRISHMAN'S BANK OF IRELAND (Prop: J. J. Hargaden) COURT PLACE COURT PLACE, CARLOW. Phone: 0503/31171. Invest in your future - Save with Bank of Ireland today Wines and Spirits. High-Class Lounges and Bars Manager: Eamonn Delaney

JAMES JONES LTD. PEADAR & ETTA DOYLE 30 TULLOW STREET Newsagents Top value in Irish made footwear CARLOW SHOPPING CENTRE. Tel.: (0503) 30169 always available at keenest prices BOSCO'S RATHCROGUE HOUSE, CARLOW 132 TULLOW STREET, CARLOW. Phone: 0503/31093 THE ACACIA ROOMS RESTAURANT Quality Meat, Fish and Poultry. Open Seven Nights 5-Midnight. Also Nite Bite Menu 4 p.m. to 11 p.m. We are the specialists. Don't settle for less! SUNDAY LUNCH 12.30 - 3 p.m.

O'DWYER'S PHARMACY M. J. REIDY LTD., GARAGE TULLOW STREET, CARLOW DUBLIN ROAD, CARLOW Phone:0503/31467 Toyota and B.M. W. Dealer

Clothing of Traditional Quality and BERNARD JENNINGS, F.A.0.1. Fashionable Look Ophthalmic Optician HANLEY'S 3 DUBLIN STREET, CARLOW. HOUSE for MEN Phone:0503/43808 CARLOW Jl! ,.., 1'~ l"tov- . .. y1t:.l-t.l "r115 "1,.r~" oyt!F.f"I ~t;:.. ,rtr1p 0E. ftft51' O l- F>, ft~ of -rt! E'ooff if'l J' of 1 ~~~"r,,i1'""'.' f~ort 0 c;IJlJ.J.. r ~ cfl,..av' '"P"· tf4 ia9 t1t-1tl p,.l':lfl E- of'E-t,attfCA 1!Jt,i-rH· -rtt p~E-5£'.,.t

To commemorate the 100th anniversary of the establishment of a Poor Clare Monastery in Carlow, the Old Carlow Society erected a plaque at the site of the original monastery, now a shop, on Graigue Bridge. Pictured at the unveiling ceremony were: Mr. Francis Governey, Mr. Seamus McDonald, owner of ihe premises, and Mr. Martin Nevin, chairman of the Old Carlow Society. - Photo courtesy of The Nationalist and Leinster Times.