Carloviana-No-34-1986 87.Pdf

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JOHN J. TRAYNOR & CO. LEIX DAIRY M.I.A.V.I., M.I.R.E.E. MILK, CREAM, EGGS, BUTTER AUCTIONEERS, VALUERS & ESTATE AGENTS, INSURANCE BROKERS District Office: First National Building Society. Director: W. E. Byrne * DELIVERED FRESH DAILY * COLLEGE ST., CARLOW. Phone (0503) 31712 CASTLE ST., CARLOW. Phone 31123 CARLO VIANA CONTENTS From The Chair ...... 2 . 1988/87 . N0.34 ' Museum Report ...... 2 Editor Tomas Mac Gabhann Foundation of O.C.S ...... 3 ~ Printed by "Nationalist", Carlow I.S.S.N. 0790-0813 Birthday Greetings O.C.S ...... 6 Ratheadon Viking Bracelet ...... 7 Anno Quadragesimo 1986 Two Carlow Hillforts ...... 8 Judge O'Toole, PAX NOBIS is the message from Pope John Paul II and other Hacketstown ...... 10 church leaders from Assisi of Francis, in this International Place Names in Carlow ...... 12 Year of Peace. It happens to be our society's fortieth presentation of Carloviana, our Ruby Anniversary. Hence this Carlow Emigrant to enlarged edition as a tribute to our surviving founding fathers, Australia ...... 15 on the pragmatic grounds that many of them could not be expected to reach the Golden Anniversary which would be a Damask Weaver (Carlow) ...... 20 more fitting mark for celebration. Beauchamp Bagenal ...... 21 So we join with leading churchmen in the hope and wish for St. Mullins Pattern ...... 26 peace in our own nation as well as in the world at large. These last forty years have been more or less peaceful: no further Kilgraney ...... 27 threats to the peace at large in the world, though there are some black spots and some danger in the nuclear wrangling between Tale of Two Pictures ...... 28 U.S.A. and U.S.S.R. Perhaps Yeats forecast this in "peace comes dropping slow." Mayhap, prayer and optimism will St. Anne's - St. Clare's ...... 29 prevail. Peace can only be achieved by understanding. Golf Club, Carlow/Athy ...... 29 Goethe declares that talent grows in peace, character in the Mechanics' Institute ...... 30 current of affairs. This bodes well for our land. We have such a young and vibrant population: and as we are one of the Wall Memorial Slab ...... 33 heaviest taxed of nations there is very little fear of the ills that wealth brings. "Ill fares the land to hast'ning ills a prey where Life on Canal...... 34 wealth accumulates and men decay". Perhaps the peace of God Geological History which passeth all understanding will come to our shores and of Carlow ...... 36 spread once more as far afield as did our saints and scholars. Peace, happiness and joy are simple aims that are most Re N ua Na Gaeilge ...... 39 difficult to achieve. That stops us not from trying. Aim for the Late Mary T. Kelly ...... 40 stars: "nil san tsaoghal acht ce6 is ni maireann an s6gh acht seal" seems to sum up our endeavours and indicates that St. Mary's Parish ...... 41 money and happiness cannot be equated. Is fearr a bheith sona na saidhbhir. "Better be happy than rich". It may be that the Christmas Tree Party ...... 44 Gael was never rich nor wealthy and so his philosophy is Borris Christian Brothers ...... 45 towards peace of mind. Over the past forty years we have had the joy and pleasure of P. J. and John McCall...... 47 many grand minds and people who were a delight to know and Killabban ...... 49 listen to. Some have gone to their heavenly reward and are i doubtlessly looking down on us from on high, seeing that our Little Theatre ...... 50 efforts are directed toward perpetuating their hopes and aims. Ni bheidh a leitheid arist ann. May the light of Heaven shine Secretary's Report ...... 52 on them and brighten up our lives. May we pursue their path. List of Members ...... 54 That, as Yeats said of Byzantium, is no country for old men; but a poet has had enough of meddling, ifhe can please an old We acknowledge with grateful man on a winter's night. thanks the efforts of our contributors written and Go mbeidh suaimhneas De orainn go leir is go dtiochfaidh photographic. In especial we an siothchain chugainn ata gha lorg againn sar a thagann gl6ire thank The Nationalist & De orainn 'sa bheathadh seo. Leinster Times for access to its Eagarth6ir, November 1986 files and allowing helpful extracts. We gratefully acknowledge the financial assistance donated by the Bank of Ireland and Allied Irish Bank towards the production of this anniversary issue of Carloviana.

Cover photography of Ratheadon Gold Bracelet reproduced by permission of the Irish National Museum. See Page 7. 1 From the Chair By Veronica Crombie

T is a great occasion of joy for generosity. It is our ambition to one of the first counties surveyed I us, that this year, The Old have the museum open to the and one of the best researched of Carlow Society celebrates its general public as much as all the counties. Mr. Gibbons has 40th Anniversary. By any possible with a curator in very kindly presented the Old standard in any organisation attendance. We make a point of Carlow Society with a map and this is no mean feat. For a leading groups and school­ text of all his findings. voluntary organisation it is a children through the museum I am saddened to report that rare achievement and one which and explaining the various within the last year we have lost makes our members extremely display units to them. We have some very valued and esteemed proud. had various exhibitions in the members, the most recent of We congratulate the founder museum from time to time, such whom was Miss Mary Theresa members. We salute their as a working model of Carlow Kelly. Miss Kelly was one of the foresight and determination, Railway Station. earliest members of the Old those who are still with us and During the past year our Carlow Society and remained those who have passed on, in Society has had many one of its most stalwart their efforts to preserve the interesting and informative supporters to the very end. Her history of Carlow for posterity. outings and lectures. Our most contribution to the Society was For this we thank them most recent lecture, by Mr. Michael invaluable and she will be sadly sincerely. Gibbons, archaeologist, at missed by all. May she now We also thank those who present working with the Board enjoy her eternal reward. followed in their footsteps. ofWorks, wasonewhichgaveus To all our readers, members Those who kept going when a lot of food for thought. This and friends whether at home in times were difficult. No lecture - The Archaeology of Ireland or overseas, I wish a progressive organisation could County Carlow - gave us a Holy and Happy Christmas and survive and make progress for whole new slant on our every blessing in the coming forty years without its ups and surroundings. Co. Carlow was year. downs. Good times and bad times are inevitable, when times are bad it's easy to despair. We congratulate the people who kept the flag flying when morale Museum Report was low. These are the stayers, By Alec Burns the people who have faith and hope, and their efforts have not been in vain. URING the past year, the Acquisitions were on a very D Museum proved again to be low scale during the year and one of the town's best amenities although soundings were made Bishops Keogh for visitors, despite the poor in several quarters to have and Lennon weather in the early Summer. It exhibitions, they were not was a great haven for those who successful. (We are more than During our forty years we had travelled distances to both hopeful of staging some during have had just two patrons of our shelter from the inclement the coming year). society. Our first patron, Most weather and to glean knowledge The Carlow ICA Federation, Rev. Dr. Thomas Keogh, Bishop from the town's past history, however, did use the premises to of Kildare and Leighlin was with and learn they did if their display the School entries for us from 1946-1967. Our present departing comments are to be their local history competitions patron, Most Rev. Dr. Patrick truthful. which was a huge success and a Lennon, who succeeded Dr. The general comment was on revelation to the many visitors Keogh, will, we hope and pray, its compactness and general who attended from all parts of be with us for many years to display. We had the advantage the county, as they knew so little come. for the best part of the year of of the history of their area. Over the years our major having our Caretaker Oliver We hope the Federation will ambition has been achieved, we Dooley with us which enabled continue to organise this have established the County the Museum to be open on 5 days competition on a regular basis as Carlow Museum. A museum is during the week. This has it got such a great response from an integral part of any historical unfortunately ceased as it was the schools. society. We must preserve the an AnCO project and could not During the coming year the artefacts if local history is to be be an indefinite appointment. O.C.S. hope to join with other kept alive. People have been We were very sorry to lose him as local societies, The Little extremely generous in present­ he was invaluable. The O.C.S. Theatre, Eigse and Chamber of ing artefacts to our museum. Committee will endeavour to get Commerce to have a Shaw Week These have come from various AnCO to make a replacement at as the Gurly family who all lived parts of the county, and we do the earliest opportunity in the appreciate their magnificient New Year. • Continued page 46 2 How and why the Old Carlow Society started By Liam D. Bergin

ORTY years is a long time in and start an Old Carlow Society. F anyone's life. Therefore it is They were all enthusiastic. We not surprising that some of the called a public meeting. Over founder-members of Thd Old sixty people attended, some of Carlow Society are gone to their whom became pillars of the eternal home. organisation. Fr. Brophy at that As I look at the list of first meeting said that Carlow's Committee members, I note that historic past demanded such a the Society's first patron, Bishop society, from the building of Keogh of Kildare and Leighlin, is Carlow Castle by the Normans one of these. And so also are our to its seizure by Silken Thomas, first Chairman, Monsignor Dr. and Carlow's part in the William Miller V.F., all our 1946 Rebellions of 1641 and 1798. vice-presidents, An t-Athair Fr. Brophy was working then Peadar Mac Suibhne M.A., on a history of Tullow and said Archdeacon Ridgeway M.A. and he was amazed at the amount of Mr. Bernard O'Neill M.Sc. information he had gathered Of the Committee in 1946 John relative to Carlow town, and of Ellis, Edmund Boake and P. B. the famous Bishop J .K.L., whose Tynan are gone to God. statue, sculpted by Hogan, is in The survivors are Miss Carlow Cathedral. The annals of Maureen Doyle, Miss Iona Liam D. Bergin Carlow College were a rich McLeod, Father P. J. Brophy source for research. P.P. and the writer. Master Dan, the principal, and The real history of Ireland Foundation of the Old Carlow his brother Master James. The would never be written until Society was inspired by the Old new teacher was Sean O'Leary, local history in its various Dublin Society. I had been a our present Old Carlow Society aspects was researched and member of that worthy body and Secretary. written. Carlow should also have a museum. had experienced its work, its Paddy Brennan told me that Civic Museum in South William his father was introduced to Street, its Journal and the William Dargan at Ballyhide Fifty first enthusiasm of its members. when he was building the It was through one of those railways in these parts. Paddy members listed members, who went on to found Brennan's uncle went out to the Railway Record Society, Mr. Ballyhide to put frost nails in the Several other speakers agreed Kevin Murray, that we got the horse shoes of a Mr. Laferelle and a provisional committee stimulation to try to start an Old and Mr. William Dargan was was formed. Subsequently rules Carlow Society. there. Paddy Brennan's father were drawn up and at a meeting was introduced to Dargan and on 31st March 1946, the acting Blacksmith tie subsequently shoed horses for Secretary, Fr. Brophy, announc­ with William Dargan him. To quote Paddy Brennan in ed that there were then fifty 1946: "Dargan put them all on members at 5/- each, (or 25 pence It began because of the famous their feet with 'whips' of money". in today's coinage). Irish engineer and In 1946 the then Rev. Dr. Wm. It was suggested that historic builder of the railways, William Miller told me that Engineer buildings, old maps, doc.uments Dargan, who had apparently Dargan was reputed to have be listed and other information,• lived sometime in the country built Cloneygowan House, both written and oral, collected beyond Graiguecullen. Kevin Portarlington with its most or copied. Murray asked me if I could find unusual dual-carriage avenue, a We were not letting the grass out about Dargan's abode. grand concept for any country grow under our feet in the infant As a result of an appeal for house of the period. Society. For at the same meeting information, which I published Prompted by the success of the Venerable Archdeacon Ridgeway in The Nationalist, I had a visit Old Dublin Society, 1 approached read a paper on the re­ from my very old friend, Paddy Father Brophy, then a professor afforestation of Carlow Parish Brennan of the Forge in in Carlow College, Bernard in 1 702. The re-afforestation at Graigue, one of the most famous O'Neill, first Chief Executive that time was, he said, promoted blacksmiths and a character in Officer of Co. Carlow Vocational by legislation of King William these parts. Education, John Ellis, Works due to the scarcity of timber in I knew Paddy since I used to Manager at The Nationalist, the locality which was a result of come from Graiguecullen Aidan Murray N.T. and others, the 1641 rebellion. National School, that academy suggesting that we should At the period covered by the run by the two Fenelon brothers, emulate the Old Dublin Society paper the iron works were 3 increasing in number all over Seven years later in 1979 the the country. museum collection was removed The Vestry Book at St. Mary's to Carlow Town Hall. This is to contained the record of the the credit of those voluntary number and the nature of trees workers on the Museum allocated, under the Act, to be Committee, chaired by Kevin planted in the townslands and Kennedy, notably assisted by holdings of the Carlow district. Alec Burns, who is responsible Very Rev. Dr. Miller read a for public access to the museum. paper containing extracts from a Alec is an Old Carlow manuscript of William Farrell Committee member even since dealing with several aspects of 1951 and an officer since 1954. social life in Carlow, between He is one of the oldest and most 1780-1800. practical members of the The extracts paid particular Society, not to speak, of course, attention to the great number of Paddy Purcell who gave his and diversity of sports carried on time and his craft to the project. during the author's lifetime and Others whose work must be the schools he attended. mentioned and praised in The author went through Father P. J. Brophy connection with the museum many hardships and ended his are Seamus Murphy, Secretary employment as gate-keeper of and Trustee, James Westman, Carlow Mental Hospital. William Duggan, James Doyle, William Farrell's manuscript, James Moran, William Ellis and which recalled the 1 798 Rebellion the late Michael Dooley. The in Carlow, was subsequently Society is indebted to local edited and published in book merchants who transported the form by Professor Roger artifacts from College Street to McHugh of University College, the Town Hall. Dublin. I think that it was an When we started the Old imaginative idea to include in Carlow Society at the public the Carlow Museum reconstruc­ meeting on the 1st of April in tions of old shops, a pub of long Carlow Town Hall - an ago, a kitchen and a forge. inauspicious date, one might say When the Society was - we had three immediate founded, there was a great press objectives. The first was to have in Carlow Town Hall Boardroom sufficient papers read and which housed what was called material at hand to produce a The Jackson Collection. Covered Journal as soon as possible. with the dust of many years, it Aidan Murray was examined in the 1940s, at Famine in was a caretaker or warden. Some the request of the Society by the of us were inspired by the National Museum in the person Carlow of Miss Nell Prendergast who Kinsale Museum, assembled by a assessed and catalogued the That Fr.Brophy was able to local priest, and the museum in contents. edit the first volume and have it Enniscorthy, founded by Fr. Joe published by the 1st of January Ransome, which we visited. 1947 - within nine months of It is appropriate that I record Journal's our foundation - was a credit to the generous gesture of the new format all concerned. Enniscorthy Museum in One of the first contributions donating £100, together with to the Journal is indexed as "The some artifacts, to help found the A "new series" of the Old Famine in Carlow" Thomas P. County Carlow Museum. Carlow Society's Journal was O'Neill (member), a native of Our eyes turned to various issued in its present format in Ballon, Co. Carlow. He was later premises. We hoped to get room 1952. As editor, I introduced a to be co-author with Lord in some civic building, notably new typographical style with Longford of the definitive life of the Old Technical School in more illustrations. In subsequent President de Valera. After a Dublin Street after the School issues many photographs and distinguished academic career moved to its new building on drawings of historic interest he became Professor of History Kilkenny Road. were reproduced.The late Mr. at University College Galway. That was not to be. The Victor Hadden, succeeded me as He was an __ appropriate choice premises were reconstructed as a editor and produced some to open officially in 1983 the new· Co. Library to replace the most memorable issues. County Carlow Museum in inadequate old library building After six years since Carlow Town Hall. at Court Place. Thanks to the foundation I noted in The We were slow after 1946 to get efforts of those too numerous to Journal that we could "hardly our second objective - the mention, the Society was able in claim to have induced the museum - started. We all 1972, twenty six years after its younger generation to throw its realised in those far off days that foundation, to obtain temporary characteristic enthusiasm into a museum would need to be premises in the Old Christian the absorbing work of housed where it was accessible Brothers schools, College Street. preserving the story of the past". to the public and where there It was a notable start. But, at least, we had tried to 4 reconstruct the social pattern of neutral, was euphemistically the years long since. We had called "the emergency". attempted, with some success, to There was little affluence draw together the vanishing around then. From 1939 to 1945 memories of older people, from we had been obliged to make do which we might enrich the web with our own resources. Cars of tradition. had disappeared from the roads. Our main source of foreign news We felt all along that by was from the radio. To assess putting together various aspects that, one had to try to distill the of the history of the locality, truth from the propaganda and even in bits and pieces, we might rumour. The story of loss of life. serve and stimulate future and destruction all over the scholars. Real history cannot be world must have inspired many truly fleshed out without social Irish people to reflect on their history. We had, and still have, a good fortune and to cherish our lot of social history to record. roots. When we started there were Today it is not uncommon to still many alive who had great find local museums in many recall back into the 19th century The late John Ellis towns. Heritage Societies have and there was much information spread all over the country in which had been handed down in recent years. Since 1946 the oral tradition from traditional Irish music has generations gone by. But too undergone a renaissance (in many rich memories were and modern parlance a 'born again' still are untapped for want of process) that even the most collecting their lore before they sanguine in 1946 could not have die. hoped for. In consequence, generations, unborn before the Our local and fifties, have learned to cherish a national identity treasure in our Irish folk music, which is unique in Europe. Ireland had, long before 1946, In this we have seen a most bodies of amateur historians in important element of our the archaeological societies, like cultural birthright both those of Kildare and Kilkenny. conserved and enriched and The generations to come owe developed with pride in spite of them a debt as they do to our the meretricious attractions of a amateur folklorists and hedonistic age. collectors of Irish folk music. Much would have been lost to The late Bernard O'Neill posterity but for the generous What future time and work given, with love These are but indicators along has the past? for no reward, of countless free­ the roads of life and they present lance collectors down the years. us with the headlines of a vast After forty years of endeavour, It is especially important field of research and interpre­ I hope that the Old Carlow nowadays that we learn and tation. Society will continue to appreciate to the full our Our archaeologists are contribute to the study and national identity, the qualities learned in such matters, the conservation of our culture and that have made us what we are, artifacts of long ago, the to promote more useful research all that has contributed to the importance of what evidence is into the social fabric of the past. spirit of Ireland and her people. left behind and the delicate care This means, as the late U.S. That means knowing the with which historic sites must be President John F. Kennedy said "seed, breed and generation" of treated if they are to yield up all in another context, that "the our past - the past invariably of their evidence and treasure. torch will be passed on". The portends the future. Our youth Much of this testimony can be generations since 1946 must must recognise that our destroyed by careless people and accept it. foundations make us what we much damage has already been Let us remember that history are and shall become. done to Irish historic sites which should be the seamless garment In the forty years of the Old contain the clues of Ireland's of the past. Political, social, Carlow Society we have had far social history. economic and intellectual too few young people contribut­ When we formed the Old history in their various ing to research in local history. Carlow Society it was at a manifestations do not exist We should make a serious and watershed of our national and separately. They are interwoven practical effort to involve the local development. We hoped to in a fabric that includes them all. younger people in this important inspire and to·harness in people Whatever else it is history work. Researching local history a more widespread curiosity must at heart be story of the can be as thrilling as any about history and life in changing fortunes of men and detective story and as Ireland.There is much still to be human affairs. If we remember engrossing. discovered. that headline in the Old Carlow For history is more than the In 1946 it was but a year since Society's fortieth year and act testimony of dumb stones, kings' the end of World War II a period upon it, we shall still be reigns, famous battles long ago. which, since Ireland opted to be flourishing in the years to come. 5 History made while the O.C.S. matures Many Happy Returns By Fr. P. J. Brophy

HE Old Carlow Society, in insuperable problems. Many of Patrick's college which is no T celebrating its fortieth the old buildings have been longer known to the Carlovians birthday, can reflect on the fact demolished; the family grocer by the crocodiles of close on 200 of survival in a time of and the independent draper students walking out of town on unparalleled change as an have been pushed out by the Wednesdays. Seminarians are achievement to be proud of. multiple store which offers not as plentiful as they used to Many of the founding members comfort, convenience and be. Carmelite and Capuchin are still happily with us. We variety under the same roof. friars have established student salute the memory of enthusiastic The industrial life of Carlow houses in town to add to the supporters Monsignor William today is dominated by Braun, variety of religious personnel Miller, Archdeacon Ridgeway, Lapple, the Sugar Company, and enrich an already venerable Victor Hadden, John Ellis, and some smaller manufacturing tradition. The Liturgy Institute, Thomas Hayden, Edward Boake units clustered around the housed in a portion of the among others. industrial estate. The social life seminary buildings which Carlow itself has been making of Carlow has been transformed served as a lay college up to the history during these forty years, by TV. Two cinemas in the 1940s 1890s, brings to the town transformed as it has been into a were thronged twice nightly. students from all over the world flourishing, bustling industrial Dance-halls were frequented. and is a resource centre for centre and an ever more Pubs have proved to be better diocese and country. attractive shopping centre. It is survivors. The disco and the interesting to recall that the singing pub cater for youth and More research Buchanan report commissioned the not so young who are as a blue-print for provincial musically minded. Sport of all is needed development did not list Carlow kinds is well catered for. Interest as a growth area. in games grows all the time and When the Old Carlow society some Carlow athletes are well was founded the ultimate aim in known at home and abroad. An important the minds of many active at its The achievements of the Old launch would have been the market town Carlow society have been preparation of a history of the substantial as the volumes of the town. No body has yet After the second world war society's journal attest. It would undertaken that task. Much of Carlow was still an important be hard to evaluate the amount the ground has been covered market town with the bonus of of pleasure and information but more researchers under the the boot factory, the sugar associated with the meetings of guidance of university professors factory, Corcoran's mineral the society and their regular must publish studies on such water factory and the razor summer outings. Carlovians topics as Carlow in 1798, the blade factory in Hanover. have learned to read their own landlords of the Barrow valley, Thompson's was the oldest landscape, to look with the progress of farming and manufacturing factory in town appreciative eyes upon its industry, the effect of and seemed to be destined for monuments, to sense the emigration. Valuable work has further expansion. Tullow and richness · of the past of the been done in indexing the parish Dublin streets were the major Barrow valley and to identify registers, preserving memorials shopping areas with many old with it. of the past in the Carlow Carlow families conducting Carlow has become an museum, publishing a study of businesses that had been part of important educational centre changes in Carlow house the town's life for several with fine new schools, the third ownership. A director of a school generations. There was a charm level regional college, and a wide of Carlow history is what we and a sense of tradition in the choice of post-primary school need most of all to channel shopfronts which is now only a opportunities. The oldest seat of youthful curiosity into fruitful memory as almost all the old learning in the town is St. areas of research. shops have given way to the supermarket and the take-away, both more influenced by American models than Irish Carlow. 8th November. styles. Last Thursday was sold in this market, a monstrous large eel, When the Old Carlow society it weighed above 40 pounds, measured in length upwards of 6 was launched in the 1940s it was feet 2 inches, and round the thickest part of the body 12 inches, possible to take an old directory with only one eye, and that placed in the back part of the head, of Carlow in the 1840s and follow with a spike 13 inches long growing out the forehead, it house to house and identify resembling a large cannon. former and present occupants. From Walkers Hibernian Magazine, 8th November 1788. Today such a task presents 6 Ratheadon Viking Gold Bracelet By Mary Kearney

Photo reproduced by permission of National Museum. N January, 1846, my great grandfather, Patrick Kearney ofRatheadon, I Co. Carlow received the sum of £50. 1 ls. from the Royal Irish Academy "for the purchase of a convoluted Gold Bracelet". (It is noted that in the year April 1845 - April 1846 a total of £68. 19s. was paid out for antiquities, so that the Ratheadon bracelet represented a considerable portion of the annual budget. By today's prices, it would be of the order of £20,000-£30,000). My sister and I grew up with the story of the finding of the bracelet and that it was sold to the National Museum in Dublin. It seems it was found during digging of a field we called the Lock Field, and we often played there and made up stories of finding another "chunk of gold". The bracelet hung in the horse-stable for some time regarded as a piece of rusty metal, until a travelling salesman saw it and recognised it as gold after scraping it with his penknife. He was given a piece of the convoluted gold wire and he advised my great grandfather of its value. We do not know how the museum was approached, or how the transaction took place, but I like to think the money received enabled my family to survive the famine and its aftermath. When I finally visited the National Museum in 1972 and saw the bracelet the label stated Viking bracelet found in Ratheadon, Co. Tipperary, about 1846. I informed the museum autorities of the above facts regarding its imding by my great grandfather. Subsequently, I entered into correspondence with them, and was supplied with photographs and the information regarding the purchase price. So please visit the "Ratheadon Bracelet" - the heaviest surviving Viking-period gold ornament in Ireland. 7 Two Hill{orts at Knocks cur and Ballinkillin, Co. Carlow By Thomas Condit and Michael Gibbons

The Hillfort at Knockscur HE site is located on a T prominent hill 3112 miles north-east of Borris. It straddles the boundary between two townlands, Knocksquire and Knockscur (barony of !drone East; O.S. six-inch sheet Carlow 19, 85.5cm from east and 9.3 cm from south; national grid reference 27747 15349; sites and monuments record no. CW 19:65). See figs. 1 and 2. The site is located above the 800 ft contour line and is a hillfront of the univallate variety. It is sub-circular in plan and its dimensions are approx. 101m north to south and 112m east to west. The enclosure is dissected by two modern field fences, one running north to south and the other, forming the townland boundary, running approximately east to west. The section of the rampart in Killoughternane townland has been largely destroyed. However, a modern field fence follows the line of the rampart's outer face in this sector. The wall which made up the enclosing rampart has dis­ appeared to a great extent but its foundations are easily traceable Fig. 1: Map showing location of Knockscur Hillfort (No. 1) and on the ground. It consisted of an Ballinkillin Hillfort (No. 2). inner and outer facing of large Based on the Ordnance Survey by permission of the Government. (Permit No. 4705). stones filled with a rubble core. The original entrance appears to crossroads in Ballinkillin the outer and inner ramparts is be at the west-south-west section townland (barony of !drone approximately 13m and the of the enclosure. The entrance East; O.S. six-inch sheet, Carlow maximum height of the outer gap is 3.lm wide. The interior of 19, 36.5cm from east and 36.2cm bank is 1.6m. There are no the site shows signs of recent from south; national grid indications of where the original cultivation evidenced by reference 27224 15625; sites and entrance or entrances may have lazybeds running north to south. monuments record no. CW been. The interior of the site has Elsewhere there is intermittent 19:27). The field in which the site been bulldozed leaving exposed rock outcrop, particularly in the is located is known locally as a large section of granite central area. The site shows no 'the cashel'. See figs. 1 and 3. bedrock. The bulldozing may definite surface evidence for The hillfort is sub-circular in also be responsible for the lack of occupation. However, on the plan and its dimensions are occupation evidence surviving hillslope adjoining there are approximately 267m north-west above ground. A stone field wall several other sites and traces of to south-east and 225m north­ in the western portion of the site old field fences which may or east to south-west. It is located would seem to be modern. may not be contemporary with above the 400ft contour and its the hillfort itself. ramparts consist of a double Comment bank with intervening ditch. The Hillfort at Ballinkillin The discovery of two These are best preserved at west previously unrecognised hillforts The site is situated on a low and south-east. Elsewhere the in Carlow has for the first time hill about a quarter of a mile ramparts have been removed or identified important Iron Age north-west of Ballinkillin defaced. The distance between settlement in the county. They 8 were discovered while analysing high-level vertical aerial photographs during the course of compiling a sites and monuments record. The sites at Ballinkillin and on Knockscur are of great local and regional importance. Hillforts are the diagnostic site type of the Iron Age. They can be seen as standing earthworks in many parts of Ireland. They must, however, have formed only a small part of the Iron Age settlement pattern. The dispersed hamlets and single farmsteads of the period, which must have existed and in which the bulk of the population must have lived, have not as yet been positively identified in Ireland. Hillforts vary considerably in size and form. Many are bounded only by a simple rampart as at Knockscur, others have multiple defences of great size as at Ballinkillin. Barry Raftery has divided Irish hillforts into three main classes: CLASS 1: Simple, univallate sites of earth or stone, with or without an accompany­ ing ditch. CLASS 2: Sites with widely spaced, multivallate defen­ Fig. 2: Knockscur Hillfort. Aerial photo by Thomas Byrne. ces, (a) hilltop, (b) clifftop. CLASS III: Inland promon­ tory forts. The Carlow examples conform with his CLASS I and Class Il(a). What were they used for? The evidence from Ireland and abroad suggests a variety of uses. Their primary function would seem to have been defensive and they hint at an unstable, turbulent society. Some have little evidence of occupation at all, others would seem to have been occupied only occasionally. The larger sites such as Ballinkillin may have been major political and/or ritual centres and perhaps the nearest thing to towns that prehistoric society had. Others like the Knockscur example j may have been local centres where only a few people lived on a permanent basis but which were used as a place of refuge and defence in times of danger. Some may have been the seats oflocal Fig. 3: Ballinkillin Hillfort. Aerial Photo by Michael Gibbons. chieftains. Owing to a lack of excavated changed their form, size and REFERENCES: examples the dating of these function as political, social and Dyer, J. Hillforts of Engla.nd and Wales, Shire Archaeology, No. 16. sites in Ireland is still economic changes took place. Gibbons, M. Sites and Monuments Record for Co. problematic. They may range in Perhaps they fell from fashion Carlow, Office of Public Works, 1986. Raftery, B. Irish Hillforts, in Charles Thomas (ed.), date from as early as 700 B.C. to with the onset of the Early The Iron Age and The Irish Sea Province, Council for A.D. 400. Hillforts may have Christian period. British Archaeology, Research Report 9, London 1972. 9 On July 21, 1921 President Harding of the U.S.A. confirmed the appointment of the first woman judge to the District of Columbia Municipal Court. The woman was Judge Mary O'Toole of Hacketstown Compiled by William Ellis

ARY O'Toole, daughter of Washington College of Law, and MNicholas and Bridget worked at a law office to support (O'Connor) O'Toole, was born at herself. Later she worked as a Scotland, Hacketstown, Co. civil servant in the U.S. Forestry Carlow on April 4, 187 4. One of a Service for three years. family of eleven, five brothers Graduating with a degree of and five sisters, she received her Bachelor of Law in 1908, Miss early education at the local O'Toole volunteered to go to San National School. Mary O'Toole Francisco to open a Wes tern praised the teaching she had Office for the Forestry Service. received in Hacketstown as more thorough than that provided in Returning to New York in an equivalent school in the U.S. 1909, she worked with a law firm Emigrating at the age of for four years. 1913 found Miss sixteen, she went to live with an O'Toole back in Washington aunt at Hornell, New York. She where she opened a law office of found work minding children at her own. On the occasion of her a doctor's house and spent her appointment as a Judge in 1921, evenings studying stenography one of the many congratulatory at a business school. Her messages she received recalled employers occasionally gave her the first case she had at court, time off to attend lessons during when she defended a lady who the day, but they were doubtful if was sued for breaking a lease she would ever get a position as a and won the case. The opposing stenographer. Unexpectedly her lawyer on that occasion, a Mr. first opportunity came when a Leo A. Rover, in his message judge requested the school she said:- "I well remember your attended to recommend a first active experience in court stenographer, being the best when I was the victim of your prepared, Mary was sent to his superior legal ability. It is to me office and her work being then, most gratifying that satisfactory she was offered full President Harding now realises, time employment which she as I have long since realised, accepted. your eminent fitness for a Her good work attracted the Mary O'Toole on her position requiring undoubted attention of a Judge Monroe Graduation Day. honesty, unquestioned integrity Wheeler who offered her a better Photo Courtesy Peter O'Toole salary to work in his office. It was through the encouragement of Judge Wheeler that Mary ONE GOOD TURN ... O'Toole became interested in the The following anecdote was recounted by Judge O'Toole in the law. Whenever she had free time course of her "Washington Times" interview:- she would read a little "One reason for Judge Wheeler's interest in my success was Shakespeare or poetry. The because of a certain experience in the life of his revolutionary Judge noticed this and said to grandfather. Capt. Silas Wheeler who was captured by the her, 'that she was wasting her British forces and imprisoned in Tralee. He and his time', 'she should be reading companions were assisted in their escape, in order to get to law', Mary took his advice. Paris, by the Irish patriot, Henry Grattan, who was always Judge Wheeler always remained glad of a chance for an Irishman to outwit the British. From one of her best friends, when he Paris, Benjamin Franklin assisted Captain Silas Wheeler to retired he gave her his library of get home to America. But before leaving Ireland Captain law books. (See box). Wheeler said to Grattan, 'What can I do for you in return?' And Henry Grattan replied with ready Irish wit. 'If you ever When Judge Wheeler encour­ have a son name him for me'. aged Mary O'Toole to study law After his return Captain Wheeler married in good time and he she was employed as official did have a son whom he named Henry Grattan Wheeler, and court reporter in Steuben thus 'Henry Grattan' became a family name of the Wheelers. So County, New York at a salary of a decendent of Captain Silas Wheeler never misses an $1,200, thought to be an opportunity to do a good turn by the Irish, and Judge Wheeler outstanding sum at the time. found his chance when Miss Mary O'Toole became his In 1905 she went to stenographer". Washington to study at the 10 Aine O'Toole, great-grand niece, outside the house at Scotland, Hacketstown, where her famous predecessor was born. The house is now the home of Mr. Peter O'Toole and family. Peter is a nephew of the late Judge Mary O'Toole and he remembers her last visit to her old home in 1924. Photo: W. Ellis and legal learning of a very high the American Bar Association, hobby, knitting for the Red degree". the National Association of Cross. While a judge she devoted Women Lawyers and the On the occasion of her much of her time to the juvenile Women's Bar Association of the retirement from the Bench, court. A lawyer described her District. through ill-health in 1936, the judical personality as quiet and following tribute appeared in a easy-going, almost pleasant, but In the course of an interview, published in the Washington newspaper:- firm, when she made a ruling, it, "Judge Mary O'Toole was the stuck. Times in 1922, Judge O'Toole related the following experience first woman to become a Judge Judge Mary O'Toole in her in the District and to her busy life did not confine her to the interviewer:- "When I returned to Washington to open successor, she leaves a record for interest to law. She was one of meritorious performance of the founding members of the my office I joined the Chamber of Commerce. Women had joined duty, combined with the deep Washington Women's City Club, affection of the community, becoming its first president. The before but they didn't come to the meetings". which will be hard to surpass". Judge was very active in "Her gallant recovery from promoting women's rights. "I went to eight meetings serious illness suffered during Some of the other organisations alone. I begged the men to bring her term, has been the source of to which she belonged were: their wives, their sweethearts, great satisfaction to her many Washington branch of the but at first no one came. It was friends, who will not recognise, American Association of very hard for me to be the only in her leaving the Bench, any University Women, The League woman there, but I had paid my break in the ties which have of Women Voters, the Women's dues, 20 dollars, and I said now I endeared her to Washington". National Republican Club, the am going to try it out". Judge Mary O'Toole's last League of Republican Woman of "At the following annual years were dogged by ill health, the District*, and the American meeting I was elected Chairman and she died on the 24th July, Legion Auxiliary. of a sub-committee, and from 1954, after having spent the last Judge O'Toole was a trustee of then on women began to attend fourteen of her eighty years in the Community Drama Club of meetings". "Women have now hospital. the pistrict, and a member of the revolutionised the Chamber, at Her last visit to her birthplace Catholic Actors' guild of the last meeting there were 400 was in 1924. America. Sources: The Nationalist & Leinste; Times, men and 100 women". Washington - Past and Present, A History The legal organisations of Vol. V, 1932; Who's Who in the Nation's which she was a member were:- In spite of her many Capitol, 1921-22 and 1930 edidtion; commitments, Judge O'Toole Newspaper cuttings from District of Columbia Public Library, Martin Luther *District of Columbia still found time to pursue her King Memorial Library. 11 I-­ ~ Irish Place and Field Names in Co. Carlow Some Irish Place and Field names, collected, translated and explained by TOMMY CLARKE

Name in Irish English Townsland An Bearna Buidhe The Barnabee Dranagh Yellow Gap Garraigh Caol Garrakeal Dranagh Narrow Garden/Narrow enclosed field Cnoch Cluain Each The Hill of Cloonagh Hill of the Horse's Meadow Mullan an bFiadh Mullaunavee Mullaunagown Sloping field of the Deer. (In Co. Carlow Mullan is a sloping field: i.e. sloping down from a hill) Taoidhin Bheag Tian veg Mullaunagown Little Mill Pond Cnoch an Mhacha Knockavacka Slieve Durda Hill of the Cattle Field/Milking Place Beitin The Baiten Bally beg Reclaimed land. Grass and weeds were collected into heaps and burned, ashes spread over ground as manure Pollach Pullock Kilcoltrim Land full of Hollows Lai th each Lattick Ballinalour A muddy/miry place Lackeneallaig Spahill Hillside of the Cattle (old name of Spahill) Paire Leathan Partlehane Rossdillig Broad Field An Garraigh Sciob61 The Gorryskibowl Dranagh Garden or enclosed field of the barn Gort na Heornan Gortnahorn Dranagh Barley field Sean Garraig Shanagarry Bally knock Old garden (old in the sense that it had not been tilled a long time) Loiscaighe Laskees Burned. Named from the practise of burning off weeds and undergrowth for tillage purposes. Fear Breaga Farjayga Dranagh Literally a false man. A name commonly applied to a Gallan or Standing Stone, from a (local pronounciation) distance the stone would appear to be a man Cruach an Mhacha Crookavocka Marley Stack of the cattle field/milking place Cruach na hAbainn Cruacnahabinn Ballycrinnigan Mound of the river Coart Og Coortogue Kilcoltrim Joint occupation of land. Perhaps a joint occupancy and tillage of land. Og=diminutive Cruachin Eallaigh Crickenelly Kyle Little hill of the cattle Easca Eascas Dranagh Sedgy Place/s (English plural added) T6char Tocher Rahanna A causeway, a raised road across a bog or marsh CrannM6r Crown More Knockymullgorry The Great Tree Mullan Ruadh The Mullaunroos Mullaunagown Sloping reddish field. Red from the colour of the vegetation, possibly heather Gortna Pis Gortna Pish Field of the Pease/Vetch Name in Irish English Townsland Cruach na D6gtha Dranagh Mound/Heap/Stack/Rick of the burnings Gort an Stuaic Gortastuck Dranagh Field of small hill Garrhigh Lin Garralin Knockagarry English Flax Garden Cruitin Cruiteen Rathgeran A hillock Sliabh Ruadh Sleerua Rathgeran Red Hill/Mountain Feadan Fidaun Rathgeran Streamlet M6in na Gaoithe Moonagee Blackstairs Windy I exposed bog Stuaicin Stookeen Rathgeran Little hill Ban naMuice Bawnamuck Blackstairs Lea field of the pigs MoinLom Moonlom Kilcoltrim Bare Bog Reilig Relig Rathgeran and A cemetery Kilbranish Ban Bawnta Ballyglisheen Green fields Sconnsa Skunce Wa ls hes town A drain. In this case a drain or crevice extending from summit to base of mountain which drains off flood water Carrigbaun White Rocks Mount Leinster M6infhear Moonyear Mount Leinster A meadow. (Aspirated F silent) Carraigh Ruadh Carrigrua Mount Leinster Red Rocks Cnoch na Maoila Knocknameela Coonogue Bare hill BanOg Bawnogue Little lea field Cnoch an Fhraoig Knocknaree My shall Hill of the heath. (Aspirated F silent, pronounced Raoigh) Fearann Puill Farranfoyle Kilbranish Land of the hollows Loch a Lougha/Loca Blackstairs A sheep pen/fold Carrachain Curracaun Kilcoltrim Rough scabby land Cu man Cummanafadra Mount Leinster Little valley /hollow of the prayer. Perhaps a secluded place where Mass was celebrated (Diminutive of Cun) in Penal days Leath Coill Lah ill Kilcoltrim Half wood Buinne Bunya Cournellan A place liable to flooding Cnoch an Maighe Knockamoy Templepeter Hill of the plain/level district M6in on Bpoll or Bog of the Hollow or Kilcoltrim ~ M6in na Bpuill Bog of the (Bog) Holes ~ • Continued next page lo­ ~ ·.Irish Place and Field Names in Co. Carlow - continued

Name in Irish English Townsland M6in Mhin Moonveane Crannagh Level/smooth bog Clochdha Stuachaighe Clocastucagh Pointed/Pinnacled stone. In Co. Carlow the usual name for a grooved standing stone or Gallan Staighre Stirra A terrace, a step. Na Staighre Dubh: The Blackstairs Cuil Eallaigh Cooleyalec Hill Bally beg Corner/ Angle of the cattle. Cool, Coole in Co. Carlow, its geographical situation is the rear or back of a hill Milin Meeleen Kilcoltrim Diminutive of Meall, a small hill Riase Re ask Kilcoltrim A marsh, low wet ground Reidh Mullaigh Revollack Moanmore Smooth/level height/summit Ard na Buinne Ardnaboinne Tomard Height of the rapid stream or height of the place liable to flooding Easca Bhaidhte Askabawta Literally a drowned sedgy place i.e. half covered with water

My thanks to the following who supplied names: Darby Doyle, Leacan; Willie Hayes, Kilcoltrim; John Lawlor, Mullaunagown; Moses Murphy, Slievedurda; Tom and Michael O'Neill, Rathgeran; Morgan Byrne, Dranagh; Matty Ryan, Dranagh; Tommy Dobbs, Myshall; Mike O'Connell, Leacan.

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S Australia prepares to A celebrate its bicentenary in 1988 its people of European ancestry are becoming more "roots" conscious. Some 40% of them have Irish blood in their veins. Among these are the very numerous descendants of Martin Kavanagh of Monmore in the parish of Leighlin. Mrs. Kathy Siegmeier (nee Kavanagh) of Springsure, Queensland, is a greatgranddaughter of Martin and recently made contact with her Irish cousins. The families last corresponded about 1919. This article owes much to the information kindly supplied by Mrs. Siegmeier. Tombstones in the Kavanagh burial ground at St. Lazerian's Cathedral, Old Leighlin, attest to the presence of Martin's family in the area since the early 1700s. His greatgrandparents, John Kavanagh and Mary Dwyer were certainly living in Monmore in 1 786. His grandfather, also a Martin Kavanagh married Mary Fitzpatrick. As far as can be ascertained only one son of Martin and Mary survived to adulthood, namely, Michael Kavanagh, father of Martin. On 2nd June 1834 Michael Kavanagh married Mary Neil of neighbouring Banagagole. They had three children: John, baptized 11th Oct. 1835; Martin, our subject, baptized 10th June 1838; and Mary, baptized 6th May 18421 • John would remain on the family farm, Martin was Martin Kavanagh (1838-1883) and his wife destined for Australia and Mary Mary nee Creagh (1845-1908) probably on the for the U.S.A. occasion of their marriage, 24th Jan. 1870. (Photo courtesy of Mrs. Kathy Siegmeier (nee Kavanagh), their great Famine I granddaughter). Time The young Kavanaghs stone and clay; cost £5 (to build). to educate their children. attended school in Banagagole. Average attendance: Summer Attendance would have been A John Kavanagh (no relation) 1824 - Males 31, Females 20; intermittent, as the exigencies of conducted a school there very Established Church 2, Roman a family farm permitted.Neither close to Hanlon' s or Tim's Cross. Catholic 49." Martin or John became Brennan's "Schools of Kildare Martin's brother John recalled proficient spellers, but they and Leighlin" describes the in his old age how he had to turn acquired a well-rounded if school as it was in 1824, some back home one morning because somewhat formal letter-writing twenty years before the a cross gander blocked his path! style and Martin's mastery of Kavanaghs attended it: What luck! It was no small feat simple accounts no doubt "John Kavanagh. Roman in those Famine times for contributed to his later Catholic. Pay School. Income Michael and Mary Kavanagh to advancement in Australia. (annual) £20. School house of put together the fees necessary Martin was seven years of age 15 when the Great Famine struck. seeking his fortunate and a employee to bring his stock to His older brother, John, recalled family life overseas. About 1859 drink at the spring. "Sure!" the details for later generations John married Mary Dooly of replied the Irishman, and a of the family. In 1845 when the Ardough, Bilbao. Martin placename was born. Nowadays blight began to stalk the land the appears as sponsor for their the area is renowned for its Kavanagh's potatoe crop was in eldest son, Michael, in April 1861 "Virgin Rock", a rock formation Paire na bPis (the Vetch Field - the last written record we in the mountains said to -many fields in the area still have of him until 18676 • By 1865 resemble the Madonna and retain their Irish names) and John and Mary had three Child. Nowadays tillage has was untouched. The 1846 crop children and it became all the largely replaced the sheep however, failed completely. more evident to Martin that farming of yesteryear. 9 When the Government finally emigration was the only solution got round to supplying disease­ if he was to make a go of life. He Horatio Spencer free seed potatoes the people opted for Australia. scooped the eye and a small The traditional 'wake' was Wills portion of surrounding flesh out held for him the night before he of them and ate the remainder. left home. Peig Sayers says of Wills was the son of a ship's The diminished seedlings grew emigration in those days "Ba chandler in Sydney. Born in 2 with great success • The chosuil leis an mbas e." It was 1811 young Horatio spent his Kavanaghs were fortunate in like death. Few ever returned. youth as a seaman on trading that they had 36 statute acres Hence the 'wake'. Martin's was vessels and whalers. In the and didn't have to depend held in a thatched barn in the 1830s he settled as a grazier in entirely on the potatoe for farmyard. During the night he his native Victoria and became sustenance. Many of their developed a colic. His neighbour, an M.P. in the first Victorian neighbours weren't so fortunate: James Hughes ofMonmore, had Parliament. In 1852 his grazing On Jan, 3rd 1847 the Old a rather unorthodox cure. He enterprise collapsed when his Leighlin Ladies Relief Committee held Martin upside down and the workforce deserted him to join reported to Dublin Castle that pain left him!7 the gold rush. In 1859 he decided "There are 400 able-bodied to make a new start in paupers in this district. Of these Queensland and acquired 175 only can be employed (on Three month "Cullin-La-Ringo" station.10 Government-sponsored relief In 1861 he set out by sea for works presumably). So there are journey Brisbane. From there he 225 persons representing 1125 travelled overland with a party dependants without work or of twenty-five, including his son means of support and actually Sad farewells were made at the Tom, workmen and their wives perishing from want."3 railway station in Muine Bheag and families. The Irish surnames The Kavanagh's had no next day as Martin departed to Ling, Mahony, Manyon, Moore sooner got over the horrors of the catch his boat, probably from and Kenny appear among a list famine than tragedy struck Liverpool. All attempts to of his workforce. He bought again. Martin's father, Michael, discover Martin's name on sheep along the way and by the died suddenly in his late thirties ships' lists have so far failed. time he reached "Cullin-La­ leaving his widow to cope with Probably he was government­ Ringo" on the N ogoa River early three young children at such a assisted. The journey, under sail, in October he had a flock of miserable period of our history. would have taken three months. 10,000. Michael had spent a Saturday An excellent description of the working in the Bottom Field. passage to Australia in the days That night as he shaved and of sail is con tined in "The Long Farewell" by Don Charlwood The Wills prepared for Sunday Mass he Massacre dropped dead. 4 (Penguin Books, 1981). In 1867 when Martin next Emigration appears in records we find him Horatio had lived in harmony on a sheep-station, called with his Aboriginal neighbours continued apace "Cullin-La-Ringo" (Aboriginal in Victoria. Blacks and whites During the 1850s emigration for "Lost and Found"), in the had got used to each other. from Ireland continued apace. vicinity of Springsure, now the Along the route to "Cullin-La­ People could no longer trust their county town of the Shire of Ringo", however, he had been lives to the potatoe and jobs were Bauhinia in Queensland8 • The warned that the Queensland few in a land that had been explorers Leichhardt and Aboriginals were not yet used to scarcely touched by the Mitchell had opened up this area whites and to keep them at a Industrial Revolution. The in 1844-45. Settlers soon distance. He naively ignored system of sub-dividing farms arrive and sheep-stations were this advice and allowed them among sons had to cease - a few established. In 1861 Horatio free access to his camp. Two acres were no longer viable. The Spencer Wills acquired "Cullin­ weeks after his arrival, on the Kavanagh farm had already La-Ringo" station. afternoon of 17th Oct., the been sub-divided in 1812 The town of Springsure (pop. blacks attacked and killed 19 of between Martin's grandfather 900) dates its foundation to 1859 the Wills party, including -and great uncle, Martin and and developed as a depot for Horatio himself. Tom, his eldest Denis Kavanagh5 • Martin's carriers bringing wool to the son, and five others escaped - elder brother, John, was given coast and returning with some hid and others were the farm. Martin was left with supplies to the settlers. Folklore mercifully absent. This was the the choice ofremaining poor and has it that the town got its name largest massacre of whites by unmarried in Ireland or of when a settler told his Irish blacks in Australian history.11 16 Tom Wills was now left with the job of building up the station. I\-. He had been to school in Rugby where he captained both the ~, cricket and rugby teams. Later {'/) at Cambridge he captained the "+-~/ cricket team. When he returned ~\, to Victoria in 1857 he was asked ~.·· to manage the State cricket team ------·~ " and in particular to prepare /6' EMERALD ~COMET them for their annual matches against their arch-rivals, New ' ROCKHAMPTON South Wales. He soon 200 miles ~ ,:: :,, experienced the need for another Cullin-La- o sport to keep his cricketers fit SHIRE OF . " 5 during the winter - some sport BAUHINIA * Ringo. «> that would not cause injuries to QUEENSLAND Site of /\M- his men. He and his cousin, Massar6 \?0 Henry Harrison, came up with the Australian Football code, a . ,{SPRINGSURI:: first-cousin to our own G.A.A. ANDfKE I code. They founded the r, \ .., ' Melbourne Football Club in ; . /ROLL 1858. Tom Wills was its first !/ [ captain. When he accompanied ~{) ·~ his father to Queensland in 1861 ' o>~ Harrison remained in charge 6'00 :?'s,<9 and became known as the 0 ~1'(' Father of Australian Football.12 <\$'.

~ Returned from Germany

About 1865 Tom's younger brothers, Cedric and Horace, returned from school in Bonn, Cruttonclough, Coon, Co. 1871; Patrick William John, Germany. Tom left "Cullin-La­ Kilkenny.15 born 1873; John, born 1875; Ringo" and by 1870 Cedric had Martin married Mary Creagh Mary, born 1877; Catherine, taken over the running of the on 24th Jan. 1870 in old Saint born 1878; and Margaret Anne, place. 13 Joseph's Church, Rockhampton. born 1880.18 According to his death The officiating clergyman, Rev. certificate Martin Kavanagh Patrick J. McGuinness, was was in Queensland since 1865. Irish and obviously from the Had great Whether he went to work for the West for he made Martin spell confidence Wills immediately is uncertain. 'Kavanagh' with a 'C' in the Brian Wills, a descendant of the marriage register! Mary Creagh original family, says that "The and her family had emigrated to The Wills were quite earliest record I have found of Australia from Curraheen, impressed with the ability of him in the Wills papers is in 1867 County Limerick, about the their overseer and Cedric when he was with Cedric Wills same year that Martin left home. confided to his diary (date droving 10,000 wethers from She was a servant in missing) "I have the greatest 'Cullin-La-Ringo' to the Rockhampton in 187016• Later confidence in Martin Kavanagh's Victorian border." her family moved to "Whitefield integrity and ability and I will In 1869 the area suffered from Park" near Springsure. There leave him in charge while I am extreme rainfall and flash floods the menfolk earned a living as away from the station." On 20th were a menace. It was probably carriers, plying between Feb. 1875 Cedric was in Point at this time that Martin wrote Springsure and Rolleston, the Henry, Victoria and wired his home to Monmore telling John nearest railhead. The Creagh brother Horace back home, "If how he had been awakened one women did mixed farming at you think Kavanagh able to take night by his dog barking to find home and reared turkeys for the charge sack all spare hands the flood waters rising up hotel trade.17 after shearing and come down."19 around his bed.14 His marriage certificate Martin could turn his hand to Letters from John would have describes Martin as a many things and a great­ brought sad news. Two of his 'bushman'. About 1870 he grandson has inherited an ivory five children died in infancy. His became Cedric Wills 'overseer' or rule which belonged to him. His wife, Mary Dooly, died about foreman and the two became granddaughters, the Misses 1872 after the birth of a little girl. firm friends. He and his wife Sullivan, Springsure, have his Some years later Martin would settled into the overseer's account book from which the have been overjoyed to hear of cottage on "Cullin-La-Ringo". following entries (spelling his brother's second marriage, to Martin and Mary had six uncorrected) are taken: (See Box Julia (or Johanna) Brennan of children: Michael Martin, born next page). 17 In 1881 the Wills' property was at some future date. 22 If so it was For one who long was trusted, advertised for sale but the sale a case of man proposing . . . A long beloved, wasn't proceeded with. The little over a year later the Stricken in manhood's prime lay auction advertisement20 gives family's dreams were shattered down to die; an excellent idea of the type of when Martin contracted typhoid And in the home once bright place "Cullin-La-Ringo" was fever and died on 26th April with happy smiles and of the activities of its 1883. Doctor Symes, the local Are now the Widow's tear, the inhabitants. "Cullin-La-Ringo" G.P., visited him on 22nd but Orphan's cry. and "Telemon", and adjoining medical science as then For twenty years his busy life Wills' spread, consisted of over developed could do nothing for ne'er tired. 61,000 acres carrying almost him. Now he must quit the field his 64,000 sheep, 4,000 cattle and He was buried in the station labours o'er 285 horses. There were "dwelling cemetery along with those For twenty years he guided and houses, homestead, outoffices, massacred in 1861. In those days advised outbuildings, overseer's cottage, a priest visited Springsure on And now, his voice is hushed for men's huts, wool-shed, wool­ horseback very occasionally and evermore. room, wool-press, shearers' huts, none was available to conduct the funeral service. 23 Mary had a Calm be his sleep, while life stock and drafting yards, wash­ flows on around. pool with steaming sheds, etc." sandstone headstone surmounted by a Cetlic cross erected over His sun has set, and toil gives Martin Kavanagh must have him. It read: place to rest. been a very busy man indeed. Erected by his beloved wife in We would not wish him back to memory of Martin Kavanagh, meet earth's trials who died 26th April 1883, aged And cares, no, not even she who Journey took 43 years (recte 44). loved him best. twenty-one days May he rest in peace. May He who hears the ravens when they cry, A light is from our household Come near to bless even in the Distance was a problem for all gone concerned in the Bush. For darkest hour; A voice we loved is still May He, who calls the fatherless Martin Kavanagh his parish A place is vacant on our hearth church back home was so close His care, Which never can be filled Be felt the Widow's shield, the that he could hear the church Orphan's stay. bell. Now his priest visited him A loving father, true and kind on horseback on rare occasions. He was to us in heart and mind The nearest railway station was A careful husband too as well only three miles from Monmore. While he on earth with us did Co-executors There was no rail connection to dwell. Springsure until 1886, some of will years after his death. The diary In August 1873, when water from the new Fairbairn Dam of Horace Wills details a horse In fact Cedric himself acted as ride to Brisbane in December was to flood the "Culling-La­ Ringo" country Martin's "the Widow's shield and 1866. The 558-mile journey took Orphans' stay". He and Mary twenty-one days. Medical care grandchildren moved his tombstone to Springsure were co-executors of Martin's and education were in their cemetery. will and, until the children were infancy. Martin's wife, Mary, Cedric Wills commemorated old enough, Cedric looked after and Mrs. Wills nursed each other Martin in verse:24 the Kavanagh's affairs. In July in the confinements. 21 One In Memoriam 1883 we find him writing to needed a certain courage to of the late Doctor Symes: "When legally survive in the outback. Martin Kavanagh appointed (executors) we will On 4th Jan. 1882 Martin wrote Overseer send a cheque for amount of your to his bank manager and copied On Cullin-La-Ringo Station a/ c for professional attendance the letter onto the back page of on the late Martin Kavanagh." his accounts book. By then he One more is added to the litte Some days later he was in touch had a fixed deposit of £500 in the Group with the Colonial Mutual Bank of New South Wales. It Of Graves, down by the Willow­ Provident Society, Brisbane, must have seemed like a fortune shaded Creek concerning a policy held by to the emigrant of 17 years But darker than their shadow on Martin. before. No doubt his aim was to the stream On Jan 31st 1884, in a letter to purchase a property for himself A cloud has fallen within one a solicitor in Rockhampton, he short, sad week. summarised Mary Kavanagh's wordly assets: "Well as far as household furniture, etc., goes it £ s d would not be worth speaking of. 1879 Feb. 4 tins sardeens 0 6 0 The £500 Life Policy she may be Aprl. 1 bag suggar 30 lbs. 0 12 6 obliged to make use of at some do. Gray Mair Duke & Bay Mair future date for support of herself Julia, Prine 8 8 0 and family as the stock - May Cash on a/c tobaco, matches horses, cattle - would not be & other goods 5 0 0 enough to support them, and the 1880 1 lb tobaco 0 7 0 interest on the amount in the 118 1 box soap 1 12 6 BankofNewSouth Wales would 1 bag sugar 53 lbs. 1 12 6 not be more than £36 per annum stamp 0 0 2 at 6% interest .... Of course as long as the station remains in 18 the same hands, house rent, etc., is nothing; but if the station changes hands she may have to change her quarters also." By 1886 Michael and Patrick, Martin's oldest sons, were old enough to go away to school. Cedric wrote to Rev. Brother Emelian, superior of the Marist Brothers' College in Sydney: "The two boys are the sons of our late Overseer, Martin Kavanagh. Their mother has lived here since the death of her husband and she and I were left Trustees of the Estate. They have just enough to live on and no more, but Mrs. Kavanagh, knowing it was their father's wish, would stint herself to let the boys have the benefit of sending them to a good school as here in the Bush there is no chance for Children. Would you kindly let us know Vandyke House where Mary Kavanagh and her family set up home what your terms are and what about 1890. Photograph taken about 1903. clothing, etc., you expect the boys to have - being so far also they could not very well get two years schooling with the produce ... our vegetable crops, away home at Holiday Time - Marists.26 cabbages and turnips, have what is to be done in such cases? By the end of the 1880s the come to no perfection, all Also please say when the boys boys were old enough to help poisoned as the land became so ought to be down."25 their mother and Mary cold, and as for the potatoe crop Michael and Patrick were Kavanagh selected a property of it is just as bad ... May God in accepted at the beginning of the her own - "Van Dyke", on Van his mercy look to the poor." 1887 school year. Michael got Dyke Creek southwest of 20th July 1904 one year's schooling and Patrick Springsure. The boys worked the two. John, the third boy also got station for her. Her eldest daughter, Mary, entered the Improvement in Sisters of Mercy as Sister Germaine in 1896 and worked in the colony the Rockhampton area for over Springsure seventy years. The younger Mary had sent him photo­ girls, Catherine and Margaret graphs of her family. His wife married John and Timothy had been ailing and "Father ST. PATRICK'S Sullivan respectively, two Coyle (P.P. Leighlin) used to call brothers from Clonakilty who round to see her and he used to had emigrated to Queensland in say 'Mrs. Kavanagh, you won't DAY 1881 and who had become 2 die this time,' and he used take extensive sheep farmers. 7 great delight to look at the boys' BALL and girls' photos ... I was very FRIDAY, 15th MARCH glad to see in your letter the great 9pm to 3am Continued to improvement in the colony for Hot Supper correspond the past year and also of the Music by: enlargement of your stock in COL FULLER cattle and pigs ... Now I have the Admission $15 After Martin's death Mary good tidings of letting you know Phone: Springsure 220K continued to correspond with her that we had a very fine spring brother-in-law, John Kavanagh and summer and crops are of Monmore. Three of his letters looking very good ..." RACES to her survive.28 He addresses 18th Feb 1905 SATURDAY 16th her rather formally as "My Dear He had fallen off a ladder and MARCH Sister" and when speaking to apologises for not being able to 5 race prorgamme Mary of his wife refers to her as write sooner. 'I had to be carried Commencing 1.30p.m. "Sister Johanna"! The letters from the bed to the fire for a PRIZE MONEY $5,000 are full of family and farming length of time ... It was often plus trophies gossip. Here are some extracts Johanna spoke about having a Fashion awards (corrected): letter written to you but I would 14th Nov 1903 not give consent until I would be "Well then I have to tell what I on the improve ... I never have B.B.Q. I DISCO remember for the last sixty years seen as fine a winter, no frost or •" AFTER RACES and I have never seen as bad a snow or much rain. We had some ADMISSION FREE prospect as we have on the days during the winter just like present year. There was hardly the mild summer days. I am glad one fine week in succession since to know of you having so many St. Patrick's Day activities, the middle of August which cows and I must think butter Springsure, 1983. made all crops very bad in their making must be a profitable 19 CARLOW CASTLE AND HER DAMASK WEA VER

HE December number of sketch of the building, and the a pitch were the minds of some T "Great Industries of Great next to mount his loom so as to members of the community stirred Britain", published by Messrs produce the sketch in the cloth. As by the tongues of the gossips, that Cassell, Petter and Galpin, he did not wish the outside world it was seriously proposed to make contains the following very to know what he was about, he a descent upon Quin, and by interesting account of Quin's resolved to seek only the drowning him in the river save the celebrated tablecloth. We propose assistance of his wife in carrying town from any risk of mischief taking an early opportunity of out his design. likely to result from his being in referring at further length to the Having instructed her in the league with the Evil One. Wiser illustrious damask weaver, whose operations at which she would be heads counselled patience, feeling name and fame are inseparably required to help, the work was confident that Quin was worthily associated with our town. proceeded with in profound employed at some task that would "Among the pioneers of the secrecy. The fact that the door of bring honour to himself and the damask trade was James Quin, of Quin's house was now constantly community. After encountering Carlow, a man of considerable closed, and the window of his many difficulties in the course of mechanical skill. He earned his workshop obscured with white­ his task, Quin was rewarded with livelihood as a weaver of fancy wash, had the effect of exciting the success, and it was with no little linens, as they were then known; curiosity of his neighbours. feeling of pride that he unfolded to and while engaged at his loom it Soon extraordinary stories as to the gaze of his curious fellow­ occurred to him that it might be what was being enacted in the townsmen a six quarter tablecloth, possible to embellish a table-cloth weaver's cottage became current, having in its centre a finely with a view of the old Castle of and it was ominously whispered executed view of Carlow Castle. Carlow. The first step towards that Quin and his wife were The fame of the weaver soon got realising this idea was to make a practising some black art. To such abroad, and people from even distant parts of the country flocked to Carlow to see what was generally regarded as a wonderful A Carlow Emigrant piece of work. The Irish Linen Continued Board, which had been was like in the Bush. Some time inaugurated a short time before, business in Queensland. Butter later returning to Australia he making in Ireland is going to the sent a special commissioner to wrote once to Monmore. Then all Carlow to see the tablecloth, who bad. In Carlow where there used 30 correspondence ceased. Old spoke so highly of the work that to be a couple of hundred firkins John died in 1923. It wasn't until in the market several times in the Board offered Quin an the "roots" phenomenon engagement as damask instructor. the year it has come to a couple of developed that the families dozen firkins and the price is again made contact and thanks The terms of the engagement were something about half what it to that this article was made set forth in the following used to be ... I would like to know possible. resolution: is Sister Germaine getting good 1. Leighlin parish records. "That £20 be given James Quin health. Please remember me to 2. Informant: John Kavanagh, Rallywilliamroe. for teaching eight young persons :l. Relief Papers, Co. Carlow, Public Records Office. her as I believe that some of her 4. Informant: The late Martin Kavanagh, Monmore. the mystery or trade of damask The exact date of Michael's death is unrecorded. good prayers reached me ... Now Registry of Deeds, 1812, Book 651, p.317. No. weaving, and that this Board will as I have to come to a close I and 449092/ 449892. continue that allowance to him so 6. Leighlin parish records. Sister Johanna and children 7. Informant: The late Michael Kavanagh, Monmore. long as they find he deserves the join with fond love to you and all 8. Wills Papers courtesy of Brian Wills, Springsure. in 9. Springsure Centenary Booklet. same". This was in 1712, and your family and I remain your 10. Dictionary of Australian Biography. the succeeding year a weaving ever loving brother (brother-in­ 11. Springsure Centenary Booklet; Queensland Country Life, 26/9/1959, 2617 /1984. school was built at Lurgan, over law) John Kavanagh. 12. Lawrie Kavanagh, greatgrandson of Martin, in which Quin was appointed to Mary Kavanagh died on 25th "Courier Mail" newspaper, 1/2/1971. 13. Wills Papers. preside. Here he constructed a Sept. 1908 and was buried on 14. A tradition recalled by the late Martin Kavanagh, loom embodying some improve­ "Van Dyke".29 Monmore. 15. Church and civil records. ments on the one by the aid of Ten years later, towards the 16. Marriage certificate of Martin Kavanagh and Mary Creagh. which he made himself famous, end of World War I, an 17. Springsure Centenary Booklet. and received a special reward for Australian soldier cycled into 18. Civil records of Queensland. John Kavanagh's yard in 19. Wills Papers. his ingenuity. Under Quin's care 20. Copy supplied by Mrs. K. Siegmeier. there was reared a body of Monmore looking for "Uncle 21. Springsure Centenary Booklet; Diary of Horace Wills, 1866. superior workmen, who, in turn, Johnny". He was George 22. Informant: Miss Catherine Sullivan, Springsure, Kavanagh, son of Martin granddaughter of Martin Kavanagh. imparted their knowledge to 23. Death certificate of Martin Kavanagh. Kavanagh' eldest son, Michael 24. Copy supplied by Mrs. Kathy Siegmeier, others. Those who could work the Springsure. damask-loom perfectly held an Martin, on sick leave from the 25. Original letters in Wills Papers. Australian unit in France. His 26. Informant: Brian Wills. Records of school fees paid enviable position among the appear in the Wills Papers. industrial classes. Great Uncle "Johnny" cried 27. Informant: Miss Catherine Sullivan. tears of joy. George stayed for 28. Originals in the possession of Miss Catherine Sullivan. Carlow Sentinel, December 1878 six weeks and gave old John a 29. Death certificate of Mary Kavanagh. first hand account of what life 30. Inform~nt: John Kavanagh, Ballywilliamroe. Contributed by James Moran. 20 Beauchamp Bagenal (1735-1802) His Portrait, His House, His Pistols By John Bagenal

y grandfather, Philip We can now answer these M Bagenal, (1850-1927) three questions - the basis for dedicated his private life to this essay - for it is the ordinary family genealogy and the history things known about a man that of the Bagenal family. In this he brings him to life, so to speak, was much stimulated by his rather than the legendary and friendship with J.P. Prendergast the extraordinary. Dunleckney (1808-1898), author of the tradition (in the 1930's when i Cromwellian Settlement1 and visited it) had it that a portrait of later by an equally fruitful old Beauchamp had existed in friendship with W. G. Strickland the house but had been burnt (1850-1928), well-known Director because his face (and presence) of the National Gallery of was so devilish. That was in the Ireland, (retired 1916) and 19th century and the incendiarist author of A Dictionary of Irish was probably Minnie Newtown Painters, (1914). Strickland (1842-1888) an evangelical himself was descended from spinster3 . Even if this story is Mary Bagenal (1709-1744) who not true (there is no evidence was a half sister of the duellist that it is or is not) it tells us MP, Beauchamp Bagenal and something of the moral view married Jarrard Strickland taken by Beauchamp Bagenal (1704-1791) as his first wife. by (some) of his grand children The researches of Prendergast and great grand children in the and of Strickland greatly 19th century. Some hated him, contributed to Philip Bagenal's Beauchamp Bagenal some loved to hate him - others, knowledge of Bagenal family and 1788, Colonel Philip Newton mostly men, romanticised him. history but he did not write on (dl833). This leads me to the sententious the subject 'till near retirement Vicissitudes brought together comment that there is no better from his post as Inspector of the most of the sources of ancestor than a bad ancestor. local Government Board, information then known about Yorkshire. Beauchamp Bagenal; and they Irish House are extraordinary humorous and have been much quoted. I will of Commons Opening chapters of refer later to these sources. But family history three ordinary matters of But there is another portrait. common interest were omitted in In 1780 Francis Wheatley the book. First what did composed the picture (oil on His first article was: "Sir Beauchamp look like? There is canvas, 64" x 85"): "The Irish Nicholas Bagenal Knight­ no mention of a portrait in the House of Commons" depicting Marshal" (read 27 January book and only an oral tradition 148 individual portraits 1914) reprinted from The of reference to one in the family including Henry Grattan Journal of the Proceedings of the making a speech on the repeal of Royal Society of Antiquaries of J. G. Bagenal, the author of this Poyning's Law. The picture is at Ireland, Part I, Vol. XL V, Series article, worked in McLysaght's Lotherton Hall, near Leeds and VI (Vol. V), 1st Quarter, March, Nursery in Mallow in the 1930's. He has been in possession of the went to Kenya where he worked for 1915. This article formed the the Department of Agriculture. Gascoigne family since the early basis of the opening chapters of 19th century (Francis Wheatley his family history: Vicissitudes RA 1747-1801 - catalogue of of An Anglo-Irish Family, 1550- to which I will return. Second, 1965 exhibition). Sometime in 1800 (London, 1925). By this what did Dunleckney (his house) the 1930s the acoustic architect, time my grandfathers health look like - I mean the old house Hope Bagenal (1888-1979), my was failing - he was 75 - the which preceded the present one. father, became interested in the result being that some errors Third, the question of duelling picture as the only accurate view occurred in the book mostly in pistols. None were listed in the of the interior of the House of the genealogical chart at the sale catalogue of Dunleckney in Commons as an auditorium, as end. He was criticised by 1942 (commenced 23 March: it then was, not less than his Strickland for not acknowledging John D. Palmer of Waterford), interest in the portrait of his the fact that his own none were ever seen or heard of ancestor. He had the right hand grandmother Sarah (1771-1832) in the family by myself, and side of the picture photographed. was illegitimate 2 • Sarah, none referred to by Philip Beauchamp Bagen al (number 94 daughter of Beauchamp Bagenal in his papers. What on the key) sits without a hat, Bagenal married, between 1785 happened to them? third bench up, fourth man from 21 Old Dunleckney the right. His face, and a more probability the sketch was similar details to that architect's formidable face it is, is in half­ made of an earlier picture which Carriglas Manor, near Longford. left profile. With prominent eye has disappeared or possibly The oriel windows, slender sockets, he looks straight before disintegrated. The sketch was polygonal turret and pronounced him, the expression stubborn not photographed. I came across it steep gables and tall Tudor to say obdurate. He was in 1780 in a scrap book of Bagenal/ chimneys are very similar. It aged 55, and one is left with the Newton family history compiled must have been Daniel strong impression that the face by Mrs. Richard Bagwell (d1937) Robertson who proposed that bears few marks of the ten wife of the historian and the new Dunleckney be given the commandments. The photograph daughter of P. J. Newton (1819?- added and fictitious name of shows with more clarity than the 1895). The photo is reproduced 'Manor'. Vicissitudes (p83) picture, the facial appearance of here. It shows a plain stone maintains that old Dunleckney the MPs, recalling the historian building of two storeys and six or was built by George Bagenal Lecky's preoccupation with seven bays: no classical (d1625) and family tradition at variations in facial appearance embellishments; front entrance Dunleckney had it that this over the centuries. I note that, as with fan light which may or may house, or remains of it, were such, it has scarcely been used not have been added at a later concealed within the far end of by historians of the period. period. The roof is hipped at both the long low range to the rear of ends and is given emphasis by the present Robertson designed I identical chimney stacks at each house. But Philip Bagenal gives Coloured sketch end of the roof ridge, giving no evidence that George built the of house symmetry to the frontage. first Dunleckney. Furthermore Behind and at right angle is a the symmetrical fronted house long lower range of buildings shown in the sketch looks to my The Morning Post of 20 May, which appears to be much the eyes as more likely to have been 1805, has it that "from the same as the range of buildings a stage two in the building peculiar advantages afforded the behind the present house history of Dunleckney, perhaps artist the portraits of Members although the details are built in the late 17th century or are allowed to be correct obscured by trees in the sketch. early- to mid- 18th century. It likenesses" (quoted in 1965 The front part of the house and was this stage two building catalogue). the range to the rear form a T which was demolished to make •. The house that Beauchamp shape much the same as the way for Robertson's romantic Bagenal lived in, Dunleckney, present building. replacement. Thus, I would was depicted by Captain Forbes The present Dunleckney assert that the building history Gordon4 in a coloured sketch not Manor built in 19th century is much more complex than has long before part of the old house Tudor-Gothic style was designed hitherto been thought and the was demolished, or perhaps with by Daniel Robertson5 and has question of which Bagenal was 22 responsible for building the shelf back supported by four symmetrical front is of great finely carved female figures, the interest. Was it Walter Bagenal back enriched with panels in (dl 745), who laid out Bagenals­ relief and two consoles. The town, having married firstly frieze in Bacchanalian procession Eleanor Barnwall - who and supported by grotesque brought with her considerable head consoles - 9' x 6' ". The property? He might well have catalogue and photographs in it aspired to a better dwellinghouse. are worthy of a separate essay But all is speculation. One thing on the subject of the Newtons is, I think, certain that the mid-Victorian taste. There are symmetrically fronted house vivid photographs of the shown in the sketch was the contents of drawingroom and house that Beauchamp Bagenal library as they were in the time dwelt in and had his tumultuous of Mrs. Blanch Vesey, the last being. It was in this house that owner. And I judge that these he opened casks of claret by rooms had been little altered shooting out the bung with a since P. J. Newton's day. duelling pistol and it was from this house that he reviewed the Volunteers. Portraits of This brings me to the subject the family of duelling pistols and takes me back to the Strickland family mentioned above. In the 1942 Family portraits of the catalogue of the Dunleckney sale Bagenal family and most of the there was no mention of pistols Newton portraits were not and there were certainly no included in the 1942 sale. Most of duelling pistols at Benekerry in these ultimately came into the the 1930s. What had happened to possession of the Bagwell family them? of Marlfield, Co. Tipperary (sold 1985) and now in England. Of these the following would have Presented with been in Beauchamp Bagenal's duelling pistols Sarah Bagenal when newly house. One, Walter Bagenal, his married (miniature in possession father, and designer of of author). Bagenalstown. Two, Walter's first wife, Eleanor Barnwall, In 1985 my sister, Kate was advised characteristicly: who came from Drimnagh Havinden, while looking over "Keep them, my boy, always on Castle, Co. Dublin. Three, Sizergh Castle, Cumbria, (home fullcock to defend the honour of Walter's second wife, Elinor of the Stricklands) chanced on a your family and name". (Henry Beauchamp from Ballyloughan notice saying that a brace of Hornyold-Strickland: The Castle, near Bagenalstown, she duelling pistols had been Stricklands of Sizergh). was Beauchamp Bagenal's presented to Jarrard Strickland This takes me back to mother. Four, Ann Bagenal (1 782-1844) by the celebrated Dunleckney and the strange (dl 731) who married Sir Gervase duellist Beauchamp Bagenal on fact, as evinced by the illustrated Clifton Bart. Five, Margaret his going to the East India brochure and catalogue of the Bagenal (dl 734); she married Sir Company. The pistols were in 1942 sale, that so few items have John Hales Bart. Both Ann and fact locked away for safe survived of the Beauchamp Margaret were sisters of Walter keeping but I was shown them Bagenal period; no pistols, no Bagenal. Duplicates of these two. by a member of the family on a volunteer uniform and very little portraits are with the Ryans of visit to Sizergh in October 1985. Georgian furniture. The short Inch, Co. Tipperary. There were The pistols needed much answer is what Walter Newton also two other interesting cleaning and I gather this is now (1790-1853), grandson of portraits of Elizabethan children being done. The silver marks Beauchamp and also Walter's which Dunleckney tradition had were then obscured. There was son P. J. Newton (1819?-1895) it were of Sir Henry Bagenal no makers name visible. The were both romantics and also (killed at the battle of The Yell ow butts of the pistols were pious. The former built the new Ford 1598) and Mabel Bagenal embellished in silver representing Dunleckney and his son (who eloped with Hugh O'Neill). (aptly) an extremely angry furnished and embellished the Both these portraits (six and looking face. The Jarrard interior in the style (as he seven) have been unaccountably Strickland, recipient of the thought) suitable to the Tudor­ lost - their fate having eluded pistols, was a grandson of the Gothic exterior - as from the all my enquiries. However, Jarrard Stickland who had mid-Victorian standpoint. photographs are in my married Mary Bagenal referred Georgian things were rejected, possession. to above. In 1800 he was Jacobean and other heavy styles appointed· a cadet in the East were preferred6 • Consider number Two further portraits, once at India Company Cavalry. He 126 in the catalogue of the sale, Dunleckney, are now in the visited Ireland at the invitation dining room furniture, "Superb Bagwell collection: Bartholomew of Beauchamp Bagenal and on Antique Sideboard of pearwood Newton (dl 780) of Bennekerry being presented with the pistols and oak, with shaped front and and his wife Ann Bernard. These 23 were the parents of Col. Philip the following much quoted Newton (1769?-1833) who passage from O'Neill Daunt - married, 1 785 or '88, Sarah another example of a snatch of Bagenal; - they lived at Bagenal's words: Dunleckney from 1802 till their "In truth my young friends, it deaths in 1832/33, when the behoves a youth entering the house passed to their elder son world to make a character of Walter Newton. I have in my himself. Respect will only be possession two miniature accorded to character. I am not a portraits of these two, in the quarrelsome person - I never style of Cosway, showing them was - I hate your mere duellist; about the time of marriage - she but experience of the world tells with ringlets and ribbons in her me there are knotty points of hair - he in a magnificient (but which the only solution is the unidentified) uniform - looking saw handle. Rest upon your devastatingly handsome. The pistols my boys. Occasions will Bagwells also have a portrait of arise in which the use of them is her in old age - showing much indispensable to character. A of her father's obduracy of man, I repeat, must show his character and something of his proofs - in this world courage face. will never be taken on trust. I protest to heaven, my dear young friend, that I advise you exactly as I would advise rriy Duel with own son." Bagenal Harvey Bagenal's 'Admirable Crich­ ton' role and the fact that his teaching 'Rest upon your pistols Thinking of Beauchamp my boys' was already going out Bagenal, his portrait, his house of fashion by the time of his and his pistols led me to try to death led me to look for examples verify Ryan's7 assertion that he of people (who had been involved had fought upwards of half a Col. Philip Newton, her husband with him) naming their children score of duels. There are but (miniature in possession of after him. There are several three - with the possibility of a author). interesting instances of this fourth - all mentioned in trend. The 5th Marquess of Vicissitudes. First, there is the This passage is I think an Lothian, a General in the Army, duel with de Blacquire, Chief instance of what Froude called married to an Irish woman, was Secretary, in 1773. This showed Bagenal's 'Admirable Crichton' one of Bagenal's executors (the Bagenal at his most foolhardy role to young men. Regarding other was Henry Grattan). Lord and he seems to have come out of Bagenal's relationship all we Lothian named his second son, it badly but it did show him as know as fact is that Harvey was Charles Beauchamp (1775-1816) reckless of his own interest and a great nephew of Bagenal, and and Charles Beauchamp named "show utter indifference to the probably a godson (Harvey's his own third son, Beauchamp - world and its opinions" (the two grandmother Martha was a a Captain in the 55th Foot (1806- letters giving different descrip­ sister of Bagenal's mother, 1872). Viscount Clifden (James tions by Edmond Malone to his Elinor Beauchamp). Agar) at Gowran, Co. Kilkenny brother and also by Harcourt to The last recorded duel that I named his second son Charles Rochester are quoted by Froude). know ofis the one fought with a Bagenal (bl 769). Second, (in presumed sequence neighbour - no date though no date is available) is mentioned by O'Neill Daunt the rather absurd duel with when Bagenal (he says) was "Beauchamp" as a Beauchamp Bagenal Harvey aged 79. (Wrong, Bagenal died (executed 1798) as described in aged 67 in 1802 according to his Christian name Barrington's Historic Memoirs tomb-stone). Even so he was old, oflreland and also mentioned by it was probably in the 1790s, Froude. This is interesting as because he had to fight sitting in Within the confines of the containing one of the few a chair: the chair was shattered family I have made a rough examples of Bagenal's words - by his opponents bullet - the assessment of the occurence of other than his speeches in the opponent (unnamed) being 'Beauchamp' as a christian House of Commons. To take the wounded. The cause of the duel name and found twenty words from Barrington's mouth was footling. The neighbours instances amongst descendants "Mr. Bagenal stood Harvey's pigs had got into Dunleckney of the original Beauchamp fire, and immediately cried out to garden - an example, in Bagenal and connected families: him, You dammed young villain, reverse, perhaps of the poet the most vital example amongst you had like to have killed your Frost's line that good fences the more distant connections godfather - yes, you dog, or make good neighbours. But the being the frequency of the name your own father, for anything I thought obtrudes that Bagenal in the descendants of Beauchamp know to the contrary. I only made a ferocious neighbour and Bagenal Harvey, the first8 • wanted to try if you were brave. age did not stale his infinite The literary references to Go to Dunleckney and order passion for burning powder. Beauchamp Bagenal are now breakfast: I shall be home As to Bagenal's 'Admirable s~~prisingly numerous9 . But no directly". Crichton' role we may dwell on new sources, that I know of, have 24 Old part of Duncleckney with Robertson's chimneys superimposed. been discovered since those Christ Church, Oxford: and he demolish part of the old house (sources) were gathered up in had married, 1817, Ann Jocelyn. and rebuild. For this couple were Vicissitudes. The two sources She was one of the six well- Victorian in spirit - albeit early most quarried are Sir Jonah known daughters of the Hon Victorian. Barrington's Historic Memoirs George Jocelyn and his wife My father, a late Victorian, of Ireland, 2 Vols, 1835 ed, Vol. 2 Thomasine Cole Bowen. It may was intensely ethical minded p26, and O'Neill Daunt's: well have been that they found towards life and his ancestry. I Ireland and Her Agitators, 1845, the old house very run down. In have always thought it ironic in the 1867 ed, plO. This account particular the dining room may thatheshouldhavehadnotonly also occurs in O'Neill Daunts still have born the bullet marks one, but two, dissolute duellists Eighty Five Years of Irish where Beauchamp Bagenal had amongst his great great grand History 1818, 2 vols, see vol 1 opened his casks of claret by parents looking down over the p8. Mary Leadbeater in The shooting out the bung with his rim of the 18th Century - so to Leadbeaters Papers, 1862, duelling pistols. It is sheer speak. Beauchamp Bagenal Annals of Balitore, 2 vols, see vol speculation, but this may have was, of course one; the other was lpl17isreferringtoherdiaryof been one of the reasons why the song-writer Edward 1782. Arthur Young's Tour in Walter and Ann decided to (Pleasant Ned) Lysaght. Ireland ed. A. W. Hutton (1976-79) 2 vols, see Vol. 2, pl15 for list of NOTES absentee land owners (Beau­ 1. Some Prendergast papers and his correspondence 7. John Ryan: The History and Antiguities of the with Philip Bagenal, together with draft materials County Carlow (Dublin, 1833). champ Bagenal, £7,000 pa). for a Prendergast autobiography with 8. Beauchamp Bagenal Harvey and the occurence of introduction by Philip Bagenal are in the King's 'Beauchamp' and 'Bagenal' as Christian names After this we find a series of Inn Library (Manuscript Sources for the History of common in the Harvey family see Burke's Irish Irish Civilisation under Bagenal, Philip, H.). Family Records (1976). authors who find in Beauchamp 9. The following contain references to Beauchamp 2. Evidence of Sarah Bagenal's illegitimate origin is Bagenal, TP's Weekly, March 29, 1907, "A Little Bagenal, a legendary Anglo­ in an unproved will of Beauchamp Bagenal in my Portrait Gallery'' by E. V. Lucas, viii 'King Irishman, a local 'king', a possession. Bagenal' p402. Daniel CorKerry: The Hidden 3. Some Extracts from a Commonplace Book of Ireland (1925) p33. Constantia Maxwell: Country ferocious duellist, an example of Minnie Newton (privately printed). & Town in Ireland Under the Georges (London 1940) p22. Alumni Cantabrigienes Part II 1752 to. idiosyncratic individualism, or 4. The painter may have been Captain Arthur Forbes 1900, Vol 1. Contained a brief note on his life. Note:' sheer eccentric - as shown Gordon (1844-1930) who married, 1876 Adeline he was at Trinity Hall, not Trinity as stated in (d1879) daughter of P. J. Newton, as his second Vicissitudes. Terence De Vere White: The Anglo­ under note 9. wife, - or he may have been a relative. To be noted Irish (London 1972) p74, quotes from Barrington & that three other members of the Forbes family Leadbeater Papers. Journal of The Old Carlow Walter Newton was aged 12 from near Aberdeen married into the Newton Society, Carlovian, 1975, see T. F. O'Sullivan's family. See chart at back of Vicissitudes, also "Barony of !drone" p12. This condenses Bagenal wheh his grandfather Beau­ Burke's Peerage under Sempill, Baron. family history and is expansive on Beauchamp 5. Daniel Robertson, architect, see Mark Bence· Bagenal - drawing on the well~known sources. R. champ Bagenal died in 1802: he Jones. Burke's Guide to Country Houses, Vol 1, B. MacDowell: Ireland in the Age of Imperialism was aged 42 when he inherited Ireland. and Revolution 1760-1801. (Oxford 1979). 6. But Mrs. Richard Bagwell (nee Newton) left it on Catherine Caulfield: The Emperor of the USA and Dunleckney on his mother's record that the dining room chairs at Dunleckney other Magnificent Eccentrics (London 1982) .. death in 1832. Between times he were in the house in Beauchamp Bagenal's time, Michael McConville: Ascendancy to Oblivion, the with 'other treasures'. They are illustrated in the Story of the Anglo-Irish. (London-Melbourne­ had been educated at Eton and Cat as lot 167, 168, itimised Charles II. New York, 1986) pps 155, 156, 159-60. 25 lt; St. Mullins Pattern Day Pat Doyle. St. Mullins Muintir na Tire.

There Pilgrims Pray each farmer got afraid and ran away, families have taken part in the Pattern Day but he only got as far as Drana ritual of putting the head under And drink from out the fountain when he was turned into a pillar the spout in the ruins where the They walk around the sacred of stone. The stone is still called water flows from the well to ground "Stuckan-na-Drana". His wife prevent headaches for the Beneath the Blackstairs Mountain. took a different direction but the future. We know one man who "passed out" at a spot now has been cured of migraine. HOSE lines were by an un­ known as the kill of Toothache - It's a well-known T known poet hundreds of "Ramshagh". The workmen fact that you can be cured of years ago in relation to Pattern also paid the penalty of death for toothache by taking a "handful Day at St. Mullins. During St. breaking the tradition. of clay from outside the Moling's time Pattern Day was Many strong links with the graveyard gate, carry it to Fr. held on June 17th which past have been honoured over Kavanagh's grave in front of the f incidentally was also the date of the centuries by St. Mullins Penal Altar, put the clay his death in 697. people both at home and abroad. underneath his tomb, take some So, Pattern Day at St. Mullins To this day thousands visit this clay from underneath the r which is now held on the Sunday famous place of pilgrimage, and tombstone, put it in your mouth, before July 25 each year has an many have found the healing hold on to it till you reach the l unbroken line of over twelve powers of St. Moling through the spout in St. Moling's Well, wash centuries. waters of the Blessed Well as a out the clay with the water and Tradition relates that the cure for many ailments your toothache should be gone Pattern Day was always kept as including eye diseases. In the by then". I a holiday in the South Carlow recent past a young woman from Area, and no-one would attempt the US had gone blind and there to work in St. Mullins on that was no medical hope ofrecovery. Honouring the Great day. It is said that one particular She came to St. Moling's Well, Men of the Past farmer put his men to work in the and had her sight completely Pattern Day at St. Mullins has fields on Pattern Day, and his restored by the time she got back in many ways helped to keep wife who was known locally as to her home in the US. She alive the old tradition of the "Ramshagh Rua" brought returned later to offer her thanks "remembering our dead". Each the dinner to them. St. Moling to God and St. Moling. She asked year the graves of the men who appeared to them as they sat in for her name to be kept secret. died at many of the Battles the field in a circle eating. The Headaches - For generations during the '98 Rebellion are

r , e

Irish Press photograph of the 150th Anniversary pageant of the 1798 Rebellion held at St. Mullins in 1948- Terry Dalton (Fr. John Murphy), Jack Kavanagh R.I.P. (The Crappy Boy), Tomas() Brain R.I.P. (General Cloney). 26 specially marked with plaques. During this year's ceremonies at the Pattern an RTE television camera crew filmed the scenes at the '98 mens' graves as part of a documentary in co-operation with Australian Television. In 1938 Pattern Day was celebrated with a special dramatic presentation honouring the '98 men and their leaders, and linking in a special item on Aileen Kavanagh better known as the heroine in the celebrated melody "Aileen Aroon". She is said to have lived at Poulmounty Castle, which is in St. Mullins Parish, and the song was used by her lover Carol Daly to "coax" her out of the castle on the eve of her wedding to Other participants in pageant. another. It is recorded that ten He is said to have brought Rye graves; Stephen O'Neill will see thousand people attended the '98 into Ireland as grist for his mill. that the grass is cut; Larry celebrations in St. Mullins on Byrne will ensure that the Pattern Day, July 25, 1898. The Spirit Lives On National Flag will fly on top of The man who started it all - the Norman Motte; others will St. Moling - has been described see that the stand will be erected as a man of many parts. The St. Mullins Pattern Day has, for Mass. We regret Larry man of self-help, he dug the mill no doubt, helped the spirit of self­ Blanche will not be there in 1987 race from Glynn river to his mill help live on. For weeks before the to help. May he Rest in Peace. at St. Mullins over a mile long on annual event, invitations go out And so the scene will be set for his own; he ferried the pilgrims from the homesteads to relatives the greatest day in the lives of across the Barrow from the Co. and friends far from our shores thousands of people from all Kilkenny in his home made raft; inviting them back for the over Ireland who converge on he helped to build his own pattern and reminding them this lovely village on the banks monastery with the help of that "the Green" looked as well of the Barrow on a particular Gobban the Wright better as ever. Relatives of those buriea Sunday in July to celebrate the known as the "Gobban Saor". in the graveyard tend the Festival of the Pattern. Cloch an Bhreathnaigh Kilgraney

HIS is a very fine dolmen, but he would not listen to his them. It was part of the original T situated in a beautiful glen, advice. dream that one of any party on the Kilgraney side of the He got some quarry men from taking gold from under the stream, which separates Ballyellen to help him and in the dolmen would loose his life. Clonmoney from Kilgreaney. It dead of the night removed That well known historians, was called Cloch an Bhreath­ the covering stone a little, so as Mr. Ed. O'Toole wrote an article naigh locally, but in the to get more room to dig under the on this dolmen for Bealoideas, ordnance survey letters it is Cloch. They came upon a flat many years ago. called Cloch an Bhr6naigh. stone and under this was a small * The above account is taken from the notes of local The covering stone which stone enclosure like a box, in historian Brother Luke Dunne who died in 1959. weighs about 15 tons has been which they found a number of prised off its original horizontal small stones shaped like bricks IT is not generally known that a position and is at an angle of and one shaped like the head of a small corner of Co. Carlow is in about 45 degrees to the ground battle axe. They found no gold the Archdiocese of Dublin, viz., but still rests on some of the and so did not interfere with the the old parish of Kinneagh supporting original stones. Old box but covered it once more and which embraces several people remember seeing it in its departed. townlands in Co. Carlow. This original position. Thirty years later another fact recalls that the boundaries Almost a hundred years ago*, a group of men once more dug here of Irish dioceses seem loca1 man dreamt there was gold in the hope of finding gold. They anomalous, but the explanation under this cloch. He told the only found the box as before (the is that the present dioceses are local priest, a Father Nolan of ground was soft from the really unions of smaller dioceses his dream and his resolve to dig original digging). It still prevalent in Ireland up to the for the gold. Father Nolan tried contained the axehead and other tenth century of our era. to dissuade him from his resolve stones but they did not disturb Nationalist&Leinster Times,27I 11/1920. 27 The account of these 2 Pictures has come from South Africa, they were sent by one Charlie Hodges now 87 years of age, he was born in No. 13 Tullow Street, Carlow where his mother carried on a newsagency which was subsequently purchased by Mrs. Ruddock whose family is remembered by many Carlovians. Charlie is very proud of his Carlow heritage, he has contributed short articles to "Carloviana ", one on Alexander's Electric Light Works where he worked for several years before emigrating to S. Africa. His mother, a gentle old lady, was the last member of the Edwards family to reside in Carlow, one of that family compiled a Diary of "Social Life in Carlow 1800-'40" which was the basis of an article by Rev. P. J. Brophy (Carloviana Vol. 1No.21948). Charlie even wrote to the Press a couple of years ago recalling seeing Halley's Comet from Burrin Bridge in 1909-10 giving an accurate description of it even though then only a mere boy of 10 years.

t f

The Tale of Two Pictures

HIS is not the Tale of Two manage his financial affairs lived at Sydenham, just outside T Cities but the tale of two very well, so it was possible he the city. After 10 years he went to pictures. My great, great, great had the pictures for about 20 Pretoria where they hung on his grand father and his wife lived years and still remained in lounge wall, in all 46 years. in Killeggan 236 years ago, Carlow moving from one place to When he passed away the judging by their clothes, they another. pictures went to Joan his must have been very well off. He Then Thomas Edwards, my daughter in Johannesburg and • was a Distiller and as cameras grandfather, came on the scene are still hanging there until they I were not yet invented, the only and he seemed to have managed move again. way to get a picture was a all the family probl ems very well painting or a crayon. Well these including his father's which he Two water coloured copies pictures were done in crayon and took over. It seems he only had may be hanging somewhere in were out-standing. In 1770 AD the pictures for about 18 years Philadelphia, America, which he sent them to Londonderry for after a very short life with Lucy were painted by my mother, who an exhibition there. Marchant. The pictures were did not want to part with the They must have remained passed on to Charles Edwards, pictures, so to satisfy her mother with J olm Brisco until William my uncle. He was a bachelor and Lucy Edwards, who had Edwards inherited them had them until he died in 1901, emigrated some years before, my through his wife, whomusthave which was 32 years. My mother mother Kate Edwards sent her been John Brisco's daughter. Kate Edwards, who married paintings to America. William Edwards was in Carlow Edward Hodges, remained in 13 and he must have had them for Tullow Street until my mother Well this is the story of two about 18 years before passing passed away. A friend took them pictures which may still travel them onto George Edwards, his off the wall and sent them post around in the near future and son. He was not an intelligent haste to my brother Frank in add to the 236 years already man and found it very hard to Port Elizabeth, S.A. where he completed. 28 t I ST. ANNE'S - ST. CLARE'S by Sean O'Leary When Colonel Henry Bruen of Oak Park defeated Daniel O'Connell Junior, son of The Liberator, in the Parliamentary Election in 1841 (by a mere nine votes) his friends subscribed quite a considerable sum of money to make him a presentation to celebrate his victory. The Colonel decided that with the money he would build a church- St. Anne's - on the Athy Road opposite St. Dympna's Hospital. The money subscribed was not sufficient for the building but he himself supplied the balance. He died before the Church was finished but his son, Henry, completed the work. St. Anne's was a very beautiful building with a very graceful spire. However, owing to its proximity to St. Mary's the congregation was always very small and eventually for many years no Services were held there. In the 1920's it was sold to the Parish Priest of Graiguecullen who wished to re-erect it to replace St. Fiac's Church in Maryboro Street which had become too small for an increasing population. Accordingly it was transferred stone by stone to the west bank of the Barrow. Fr. James Fogarty, P.P. then began the work of erecting the New Church beside the Poor Clare Convent. Mr. Fred Thompson of Hanover Engineering Works was the contractor. The foundation stone was laid by Most Rev. Dr. Cullen on Ascension Thursday 1928. The first Mass was celebrated in the new Church at 8 a.m. on Sunday, 13th October 1929 by Fr. Fogarty. At 11.00 a.m. on the same day it was solemnly dedicated by Most Rev. Dr. Cullen followed by High Mass, the celebrant of which was Right Rev. Monsignor Delaney of Rathvilly. The new Church was named St. Clare's Church. Funds to defray some of the costs of a new Church had been accumulated over the years by the Mother Abbess of the Poor Clare Convent. In the 1920's many sporting, musical, dramatic and other events were held to raise money for the work. One big event was the Monster Bazaar in 1927. The various stalls were in the Concert Hall in the Town Hall and the Carnival Amusements were in the adjacent "Bank Field" (now a Car Park). Above is a picture of the Organising Committee of that Bazaar: Front Row (l. to r.): J. Dunphy, T. P. Igoe, J. D. McCarthy, Most Rev. Dr. Cullen, D. Fenlon, Fr. Fogarty, J. Bolger, J. Fenlon. Middle Row (l. tor.): P. Carbery, P. Governey, S. O'Leary, J. McEvoy, P. Comerford, M. Governey, ------, J. Oliver. Top Row (l. to r.): T. Fenlon, P. Tynan, R. McDonnell. Standing: E. Duggan, J. Williams, T. Murphy. I Golf Club for Carlow and Athy I ON Thursday afternoon a to form a club to be called "The Maffet, John Hammond, M.P.; meeting was held in the Club Royal Leinster Golf Club", with M. Governey, C.U.D.C.; Rev. J. House, Carlow for the purpose of grounds at Gotham, mid-way Duggan, C.C., Athy; H. K. establishing a Golf Club for between Carlow and Maganey Toomey, Athy; P. Lynch, do. Carlow and Athy. It was stations. The subscription was The meeting guaranteed the organised by Dr. Brannan, fixed at one guinea for sum of £40 to meet the initial Castledermot, and Mr. P. Lynch, gentlemen and 10s. 6d. for expenses of laying out the Athy, who have been most ladies. ground, &c. The Hon. Sec. was energetic in their efforts for the It was resolved to ask Lord empowered to obtain the introduction of a game which Walter Fitzgerald to become services of a professional player has become so popular of late President. The selection of Vice­ to lay out the links. Intending years. Captain Duckett occupied President was left over. Dr. members are requested to the ch.air, and there were also Brannan was elected Hon. Sec., communicate, with Dr. F. present - Dr. Brannan, Dr. and Mr.. R. J. Nicholson, Brannan, Kilkea Lodge, Broomfield, Messrs. P. A. National Bank, Carlow, Hon. Castledermot, or P. Lynch, Esq., Brown, E. S. Maffet, P. Lynch, D. Treasurer. The following were The Abbey, Athy. J. McCarthy, P. D. Shackleton, chosen to form the council - Nationalist & Leinster Times, R. Langran and Haines. It was Messrs. Brown, Shackleton, 20/5/1899. 29 First Annual Report of the Committee of the Carlow Mechanics' Institute Presented by the retiring committee, at a General Meeting, held on the 25th of October, 1853

HE Committee of the grateful to those friends who the catalogue in which the books T Carlow Mechanics' Institute came forward to assist in Its so presented and the names of appear with much gratification early struggles, and whose the donors are set forth, and to at the close of the first year of its timely aid contributed so largely return them their warmest existence to account to the to its success, and in recording thanks for their sympathy and Members for the trust reposed in the following donations they beg support. them during that period. leave at the same time to tender Besides donations of books a The past year was probably their grateful acknowledgements sum of £23 7s. has been the most trying which the to those who subscribed so appropriated from the funds of Institute may ever have to pass liberally to its funds:- the Institute for the purchase of others, and the library now through, as the starting of every £ s. d. society is generally its chief John Sadleir, Esq., M.P...... 15 0 0 contains upwards of 400 difficulty. But it has been the Edward Byrne, Esq...... 5 0 0 volumes of the best standard Robert Andrews, Esq., LL.D., Q.C. . . . 5 0 0 works in every department of good fortune of your Committee S. W. Haughton, Esq...... 5 0 0 to have had little to contend with John Ball, Esq, M.P...... 5 0 0 history, science, and general beyond the ordinary trouble of John Alexander, Esq., M.P...... 5 0 0 literature, a catalogue of which moulding it into form, and in Francis McDonagh, Esq., Q.C...... 5 0 0 follows this report. Thomas O'Meara, Esq., M.D...... 1 0 0 this their way was rendered Samuel Haughton, Esq...... 1 0 0 In addition to these the comparatively easy by the J. H. Haughton, Esq...... 1 0 0 following periodicals were cordial co-operation of all Frederick Haughton, Esq...... 1 0 0 ordered for the past year at an James Haughton, Esq...... 1 10 0 parties. The public mind was Sums under one pound ...... 4 15 0 expense of £10 lls. lld. :- fully prepared for the Dublin University Magazine. £55 5 0 Blackwood's Magazine. establishment of such an Dublin Quarterly Review. institution, to supply the After the formation of Rules, Irish Quarterly Review. growing demand for knowledge The Edinburgh Review. and the appointment of Sub­ Dicken's Household Words. and to encourage a spirit of Committees, to superintend the Duffy's Fireside Magazine. harmony and good feeling different departments of the Hogg's Instructor. among all classes, by presenting Institute, your Committee Mechanics' Magazine. neutral ground where they Chamber's Journal. proceeded to the formation of a Family Herald. might co-operate for the general Library. In doing this they were The Builder. good. Your Committee therefore most liberally supported by their Athenaeum. were encouraged by the Eliza Cook's Journal. fellow-townsmen, who from time TheArizan. consciousness that the work in to time contributed donations of The Practical Mechanics' Journal. which they were engaged had valuable works. As the friends The Critic. the unanimous voice of public who thus assisted are too opinion in its favour, and these Thus a valuable library was numerous to insert in this report, formed, and the reading-room circumstances so pleasing and your Committee beg to refer to advantageous left very few largely supplied with the best obstacles to overcome. Nothing can better attest the THE TREASURER OF CARLOW MECHANICS' INSTITUTE CONTRA. hold which the Institute has taken upon the public mind than Debtor. £ s. d. Creditor. £ s. d. the fact, that within the last year To amount received for Donations ...... 25 5 0 By cash paid paid for Books ...... 25 19 9 there has been received from the " Subscriptions from Six Life Members . . . 30 0 0 do. Binding Books ...... 0 7 3 " Ditto from Members, viz.:- do. Periodicals ...... 10 11 11 various sources of income the 80 for 1 year ...... £40 0 0 sum of £119 12s. 6d., of which do. Newspapers ...... 6 18 10 33 for % year ...... 12 7 6 do. Furniture ...... 13 5 1 £11 7 9s. 4d. has been expended, 32for'hyear ...... 8 0 0 do. to News-room for Lectures.... 3 3 3 leaving the Institute free from 32for1Ayear ...... 4 0 0 do. for Fitting up Lecture Room . . . . 7 10 0 debt and a balance in hands to ----- 64 7 6 do. Rent and Taxes ...... 19 3 11 its credit of £2 3s. 2d. Of the sum do. Fuel and Light ...... 10 14 6 so subscribed, the donations do. Librarian's Salary ...... 9 13 4 from friends and life members do. Printing and Stationary...... 6 11 1 amounted to £55 5s., the balance do. Petty Sundries ...... 3 10 5 being composed of the ordinary £119 12 6 " Balance on hands in Bank of Ireland . . . 2 3 2 subscriptions. The number of ~mbers for the past year were To Balance ...... £2 3 2 £119 12 6 183, paying yearly, half-yearly and quarterly. Carlow, 30th September, 1853. J. HANCOCK HAUGHTON, Treasurer. Your Comtnittee cannot look We have examined the above Account, and found it correct. back at the formation of the THOMAS EDWARDS, . Institute without feeling LAWRENCE KELLY, Auditors. 30 periodicals of the day. The value of this department of the Rules of the Carlow Mechanics' Institute Institute is attested by the large L-That this Association be entitled "The Carlow Mechanics' Institute," and consist of Patrons, numbers who attend the Committee, Secretary, Treasurer, Librarian and Care-taker. reading-rooms, and the increas­ IL-That the Institute be kept perfectly free from political topics and sectarian differences; and be closed ing demand for books. In the in all its departments on the Sabbath. IIL-That it shall be the duty of the Committee to collect a Library and Museum, and employ competent course of the past year there persons to lecture upon the several sciences, &c.; and that the course oflectures shall be under the direction have been lent from the library of the Committee; the programme to be hung up in the Public Rooms of the Institute. 3,578 volumes, a large IV.-That the Library shall be formed of books purchased with the funds of the Institute, or bestowed to it by individuals. So far as the funds are applied the books shall be principally scientific; but the Committee proportion of which was of a shall have power to purchase, in addition, such works on general literature, as seem well calculated to solid or scientific character. A convey useful knowledge and instruction. Works of an acknowledged theological and political character, or taste for reading and love of such as have an immoral tendency, shall not be purchased or received into the rooms as donations. V.-That discussions of a political or religious nature, or personal quarrels in the rooms of the Society, knowledge has been fostered, if shall subject the parties engaging therein to admonition from the officer in charge of the room, or from any not created, by the Institute; and Member present; and, in the event of their being persisted in, or repeated, shall render them liable to be it is most gratifying to witness expelled by the Committee. the numbers of steady and VL-That smoking or disorderly conduct be subject to the same penalties as contained in Rule V. VII.-That all property acquired by the Institution be considered exclusively devoted to the objects which thoughtful mechanics who it contemplates; and that Trustees be appointed in whom such property shall be vested. regularly frequent the reading­ VIII.-That in the event of the Institution being dissolved, the existing Committee at the time of such rooms, many of whom but for dissolution, shall be bound to return to the donor (if living), any books, models, and apparatus, which may have been bestowed for the benefit of the Institution. The BONA FIDE property of the Institute shall be this might seek for amusement disposed of for the benefit of any other Public Institution deemed worthy. in less innocent pursuits, and be IX.-That Five Pounds in money, or Books to the current value of Eight Pounds, constitute a Member for exposed to the worst temptations. life; and Ten Shillings per year, paid yearly, half-yearly, or quarterly, in advance, a Member of the Institute Your Commmittee were most entitled to all its privileges. The quarterly days of payment to be on the first days of October, January, April and July in every year. anxious that no works of an X.-That all money not immediately required for the working of the Institution be lodged by the Treasurer unsuitable kind should find their in the Bank of Ireland, but the Treasurer may retain in his hands a sum not exceeding Five Pounds to meet way into the library, and, with current expenses, and that no payment shall be audited to the Treasurer unless upon an order signed by the Chairman, Secretary, and one Member of the Committee. that end in view, resolved that XL-That unappropriated funds be at the disposal ofthe Committee for the time being, for the recognised no book should be admitted purposes of the Institute; but no expenditure shall be made, or contract entered into, exceeding the sum of unless it first received the twenty pounds, without the sanction of a general meeting of the Members, called for the purpose. XII.-That on the last Tuesday in October in every year, a General Meeting of the Members shall be held, sanction of the Library at which a Report of the Proceedings of the past year shall be read, Committee re-elected, or newly chosen, Committee, and subsequently and accounts audited. that of the General Committee, XIII.-That the Committee be chosen annually by Ballot, and consist of Twenty-four Members -five of so that every possible care has whom form a quorum, and that on the election of the Committee they shall proceed as soon as possible to select a Treasurer and Secretary out of their body. been taken that no publications XIV.-That Balloting lists shall be printed, and ready for delivery to the Members, ten days previous to but such as have a useful and the election of the Committee, on which the Member shall mark the names of those he wishes to be elected. moral tendency should be XV.-That at the election of the Committee Scrutineers shall be appointed by the meeting, to superintend the Ballot box, (which must be that issued by the Institute), folded up; which they, in his presence, shall put admitted. into the Ballot box. Orin case the voter cannot conveniently attend the meeting, he may send his Ballot List marked with the names of those he wishes to be elected, in an envelope, sealed, endorsed, "Voting Paper for Sometime after the formation Committee," and with his name, to either the Secretary or Treasurer, who shall hand it to the Scrutineers of of the Institute a strong desire Ballot box, who shall open it and place the enclosure in the Ballot box. was manifested by a large XVL-That, as soon as the Balloting is closed, the Scrutineers shall cast up the number of votes, and report the same in writing to the Chairman, who shall announce the result to the Members assembled; and if proportion of the members that the suffrages of two or more candidates be equal, lots shall be prepared by the Secretary, and drawn by the newspapers should be taken into Chairman. the reading-rooms, but, as this XVII.-That every Member, on paying his subscription, shall receive from the Secretary a card of admission, which shall entitle him to the use of the Lectures, Library, Reading-room, and all other was opposed to the original advantages. rules, a special meeting was XVIII.-That no Member shall be admitted either to the Rooms of the Institution, or any General or other convened to consider the subject, Meeting of the Institution, unless he produce his card, if called upon to do so by any authorised person. and a motion for their admission XIX.-That every proposition for altering the Rules must be in writing, and signed by at least ten members; it must be delivered to the Secretary at least one calendar month before the day on which the next unanimously adopted. The General Meeting will be held; be immediately copied by him, and hung up in the Public Rooms of the following newspapers were Institute, and, if carried at the General Meeting, shall be incorporated with the rules. ordered accordingly:- XX.-That the following shall be the order of business observed at each Yearly General Meeting:­ First: A report shaJl be presented to the Meeting of the total amount of all money received since last annual meeting. The Times. Secondly: Of the total of all money expended. The Daily Express The Daily Freeman. Thirdly: Of the balance on hands. The Illustrated London News. Fourthly: Of all donations whatever, of money, or other things, and the names of the donors. Punch. Fifthly: The number of new members since last meeting. The Weekly Telegraph. Sixthly: Of the number of Persons who have ceased to pay their subscriptions. The Carlow Sentinel. Seventhly: Of the total number of Members. Eightly: Of all other matters which the Committee may be desirous to communicate. Some fears were at first And the Secretary shall read the propositions (ifany) for altering the rules; and the Mee.ting shall discuss, entertained that the introduction adopt, or reject all such propositions. XXL-That Special meetings of the Members of the Institute shall be held at any time, on the requisition, of newspapers might lead to in writing, of one-third of the Committee, or one-third of the Members. Such requisition shall contain a political discussions in the statement of the objects of the intended meeting, and shall be sent fourteen days before the time of meeting reading-rooms, and disturb the to the Secretary, who shall give due notice thereof to the Members. harmony and good feeling so XXIL-That the Committee shall, at every meeting, receive from the Treasurer, a report of all the money which may have come into his hands since last meeting. generally prevailing; but your XXIII.-That the Committee shall meet regularly at least once in every month. The Members of the Committee are happy to say that Committee to be duly summoned before the day of meeti-Qg; the summonses to contain a notice of any special no such results have followed business to be brought before the Committee. XXIV.-That the Committee shall cause to be kept fair and accurate minutes of their transactions, in a their introduction, but, on the book to be kept by the Secretary. contrary, they have good reason XXV.-That tire alphabetical order be adopted in placing the names of members upon the Committee. to know that the step has XXVL-That the Committee be empowered to make by-laws, and to fill up vacancies that may occur in contributed materially to the their body. stability of the Institute. THOMAS RICHARDSON, Hon. Sec. The ordering of newspapers 31 involved your Committee in an outlay not at first contemplated, CARLOW MECHANICS' INSTITUTE and to meet this they have had RULES AND REGULATIONS under consideration the For the management of the Library and Reading Room propriety of reducing the L-That the Library be open each day (Sunday excepted) from Ten a.m., to Ten p.m., for the receiving and number of periodicals. After issuing of Books. careful investigation they IL-That any Member wanting a Book from the Library, shall produce his Admission Card for the recommended that the following inspection of the Librarian. periodicals only should be UL-That proper books shall be kept for entering the Books taken out of, and returned to, the Library. ordered for the ensuing year:- IV.-That no Member shall have more than one volume at a time. V.-That two weeks be allowed forreading an Octavo volume, and under; three weeks for a Quarto, and Irish Quarterly Review. four weeks for a Folio, including the days of delivery and return. Edinburgh Review. VL-That if a book be not returned on the day appointed, the Member shall pay a fine of One Penny for Dublin Review. every day it shall be detained; and if kept above seven days, Four Pence a day; and ifnot returned within fourteen days, after the day fixed for its return, application shall be made to the Member for the same; and if University Magazine. it be not then returned, the Member shall pay the value thereof, or of the set to which it belongs. Blackwood's Magazine. VII.-Thatifa Book be written in, or otherwise damaged, the Member in whose hands the Book was at the Household Words. time shall pay the value of the Book, or replace the same at the discretion of the Committee; and the Chamber's Journal. Librarian shall report every such case accordingly. With regard to newspapers they VIIL-That all fines be paid to the Librarian within one week after being demanded; and in default thereof, the names of the Members incurring the same shall be hung up in the Institute, and they shall cease recommend that those already to be members. ordered should be continued, IX.-That a Member on returning a Book, may take same again out of the Library, if no application has except the "Weekly Telegraph", been previously made. X.-That, for the purpose of enabling the Committee to ascertain the state of the Library, and the instead of which "The Carlow condition of the Books therein, the circulation of Books shall cease for one week in the year, viz.: during the Post" is to be taken, and in order week previous to the Yearly General Meeting in October; and that all Books must be returned into the Library .before the above week; and that any Member detaining a Book after that time shall be fined One that the reading-rooms should Shilling. not be left without newspapers XL-That for the general convenience and accommodation of the Members, no dispute or discussion will and periodicals during the be allowed in the Reading Room, as such conduct on the part of any of the members must necessarily distract the attention of others. alterations consequent upon a XIL-That no Member shall be allowed to partake of any refreshments in the Reading Room. change of Committee, your XIIL-That a book be provided for the purpose ofaffording the Members an opportunity of entering any Committee have ordered a remarks or suggestions which they may wish to submit to the consideration of the Board, relative to the conduct and management of the Reading Room; and that the said Book be laid before the Committee at their supply for three months beyond sitting. their time of office, leaving it to XIV.-That an Application Book be provided, to remain with the Librarian, in which it will be the duty of their successors to make such any Member wishing for a Book not then in the Library, to write an application for same, signed with his name; and such Book shall be given to such Member, and to others applying for same, in the order of time in further arrangements as they which such applications shall be made. may think proper. XV.-That no Periodical shall be lent until the subsequent number arrives; and when Jent not to be During the year the following retained beyond a week, except on Saturday evenings, when they may be borrowed at the close of the Institute, and returned before its opening on the following Monday morning. lectures were delivered, which XVL-That each Member shall be at liberty to introduce a Visitor to the Reading Room, provided his stay created much interest, and were in town shall not exceed a month. A book to be kept, in which shall be written the Stranger's name, and that well attended:- of the Member by whom he is introduced. XVII.-That the above Rules be copied, and hung up in the Reading Room of the Institute. Two Lectures on Animal Physiology - by Dr. White. THOMAS RICHARDSON, Hon. Sec. Four Lectures on the Mathematics -Rev. John PowelL Two Lectures on Electricity - Rev. Denis Keane. solidity to their own knowledge. Institute is FREE from debt. The The following papers were For the few occasions upon liberal donations referred to, also read monthly by members which the Assembly Rooms were contributed largely to this of the Institute, and were hired for lectures an expense of pleasing result. Such an attended with beneficial £3 3s. 3d. was incurred, and it expenditure cannot occur again, results:- became manifest that this could and the in-coming Committee not be continued for any length will be free to appropriate this Mental Development of time without seriously sum to the more immediate - by the Rev. John Powell. affecting the funds of the wants of the Institute. But, on The Dignity of Labour - Mr. Thomas Richardson. Institute. It therefore became the other hand, it must be borne Ventilation (Two Papers) necessary that a permanent in mind, that we cannot expect - Dr. Chaplin. Lecture-room should be procured in future to draw so freely on the Ocean Steam Navigation to avoid the expense of hiring - Mr. Benjamin Haughton. sympathy of those who have The Progress of Civilization one. With this view three rooms already subscribed so largely. - Mr. Thomas Richardson. of the present building were Your Committee, therefore, Decimal Coinage thrown into one, and the appeal for support to those who - Mr. J. H. Haughton. Cromwell in Carlow Institute has now the advantage have not yet come to their aid - Mr. Robert Malcomson. of a comfortable lecture room, and whose rank and wealth The Round Towers of Ireland well furnished, and capable of should make them feel deeply in - Mr. J. H. Vickers. accommodating 150 persons at the success of an undertaking, Your Committee hope that the moderate expense of £7 10s. having for its object the during the coming winter many A heavy outlay was of improvement and elevation of will come forward with Papers, necessity incurred in starting the working classes. They are and they would recommend this the Institute, for furniture and aware that the peace and subject to the attention of the gas fittings, and in fitting up the prosperity of the country must be younger members as an lecture-room, reading-room, and based upon a moral and excellent means, not only of library, amounting to £2318s. 4d; enlightened population, and communicating information to yet it will be seen on reference to that in aiding institutions of this others, but of giving shape and the Treasurer's account that the nature, having these ends in 32 The Wall Memorial Slab

revious to the year 1641 a Crest appears at the top of the Edmond Wale of the same Esqr. P large portion of the land in slab, while underneath is a The said Ulick tooke to wife the vicinity of Carlow was shield divided into two sections Joana, daughter of Henry owned by the Wall family, with the Wall coat of arms on the Walsh, of Donlonvan, (Dun­ however because of their left, impaling those of Walsh lavin) in the County of Wicklow, complicity in the rebellion of on the right, and on either side of Gent. descended of the house of that year most of their land was the shield are the figures 16 and Carrigmaine, (Carrickmines) by forfeited to the crown. The name 30 with and inscription below; whome there was issue 5 sonnes is of Anglo Norman origin, and and 4 daughters, Viz. - Edward appears in ancient records as le Vllicke Wale Ivan Wailshe Wale, eldest sonne and heire of Veale, Vale, Wale, until it The Larde Is My Streinhe the said Ulick, married to became as it is to-day, Wall. In Ulick Wall Joan Walsh The Margarett, daughter of Patrick county Carlow the principal Lord is my Strength. The couple Sarsfield, of Tully, in the County residence of the family was the named on the stone are those of Kildare. (then) castle of Johnstown. This referred to in the following Richard Wale, 2nd. sonne, sculptured mural slab was Funeral Entry preserved in the married to Mary, daughter of found by Sir Charles Burton, Ulster King of Arms office. Maurice Fitzgerald ofKilrush, in about 1893, in the grounds of "Ulick Wale, of Ballynakilly, the said County of Kildare, Gent. Pollacton House, and to preserve (now Burton Hall) in the County Gerald, 3rd. sonne, William, 4th. it he had it built into the garden of Catherlagh, three tymes sonne, Michaell, 5th. sonne, all wall. It had originally been set Sheriff of the said County, 3rd. as yet unmarried. over the main entrance of sonne of William Wale, late of And the said Ulick had also Ballyfullard House (the ancient Johnstown in the said County other children by his said wife, name of Pollerton). The Wall Esqr., eldest sonne and heire of both sonnes and daughters, who died young and unmarried The said Ulick departed this Mortall life at Ballynakilly aforesaid, Carlow Mechanics' Institute the 4th. day of February 1640, Continued and was interred in the Chapell ofUrghly (Urglin) the 9th. day of view, they would be co-operating they hold it, but also of the high the same moneth. The truth of for the general good, and acting state of moral training in which the premisses is testified by the in accordance with the laws of the country is fast advancing. subscription of the said Edward, social progress and improve­ Your Committee have equal, eldest sonne of the said defunct, ment.Your Committee hope that pleasure in stating that the most who hath returned this the good example set by the complete unanimity prevails in certificate unto my office to be friends already referred to will the Institute nor has it at any recorded. Taken by me, Thomas stir up others to emulate their time been interrupted beyond Preston, Ulster King of Armes, liberality, and they are quite the legitimate exercise of free the 18th. day of February, in the sure that in a town and county discussion. yeare of our Lorde, 1640. like this, numbering so many It has, in fact, been seldom the The Wall coat of Arms; men of enlightened views and lot of any undertaking to meet Argent, on a cross azure, voided liberal dispositions, their appeal with such an immediate, cordial, of the field, five lions rampant. will not be made in vain. and extensiv_e support; and your The Walsh coat of Arms; Your Committee feel no Committee now deliver up the Azure, a lion rampant argent, ordinary pleasure in saying that Institute to their successors with over all a fesse, per pale argent, they owe much to the members of its affairs in a state of order and and gules, charged with and the Institute for the great efficiency such as may bear annulet sable. propriety with which they have comparison with most institu­ Note: The Memorial is now in the County at all times, and without any tions of the kind, even with the Carlow Museum. exception, conducted themselves, advantages of a much longer and for the cordial manner in existence. The attendance in the which they have co-operated to reading-rooms, the number of carry out the views of the members, the demand for books, MR.John Hammond, MP. chairman of Carlow, Committee. In no one instance Co. Council, speaking at Monday's, April 2nd, and the state of the funds, 1906, meeting of the council, said: "He have the wishes of the indicate what progress has been understood that of late there was very heavy Committee been disregarded, made in so short a time, and give traffic in the shape of waggons carrying coal nor has there occurred a single going over Graigue Bridge and it appeared to an earnest of future success and him that some danger might be caused to the infringement of the rules extensive usefulness, under bridge by putting it to a use it was never requiring the interposition of united and judicious manage­ intended for, namely, the conveyance of coal in theix authority. Your Committee tremendous wagons from the collieries to ment. Carlow. It would be desirable if the County have special pleasure in Council would take into consideration the recording these facts to the desirability of giving notice to parties not to credit of the members of the The original copy of the "Annual Report (1853) bring such burden over Graigue Bridge. It was of the Carlow Mechanics Institute" is in the injurious to the bridge, and the older the bridge Institute, as it not only bears National Library of lreland, by whose courtesy the greater the danger". evidence to the value in which we publish it here. Nationalist & Leinster Times, 7 I 4/ 1906. 33 LIFE ON THE CANAL By Alec Burns

HE death of Tom Anderson on duty had to be always on the the boatmen but it was T early this year removed one lookout. impossible to get any increase of the best known workers who The week's work started at 12 from the Canal Co., even by him, had served the Grand Canal Co. o'clock on Sunday nights until they hadn't much funds to pay for 50 years. Along with Tom 12 o'clock the following extra to any of the men. Even Bolger, Graignamanagh they Saturday night, 6 days on duty though they had a strike for 2 recorded events in their working always. Accidents were rare. months, it was of no use; they life for me a couple of years ago Tom only remembered 2 or 3 had to return to work. Some of while they sailed the River fatal drownings. He fell in the men got work on Hack Boats Barrow and Canal carrying himself a few times but being a then; these boats were privately merchandise to all the different· good swimmer he was able to owned and licensed to carry towns served by the Canal make it to the bank. Tom Bolger cargo. Company. remembered one worker who Even at Christmas they had Tom joined the Canal Co. in slipped in and was cut to pieces no holidays not even a June 1979. He was a native of by the propellors, it was a Christmas Box, only the same as Robertstown, Co. Kildare, there ghastly sight he said. Sunday, even during the was no other work available summer. It was 1940 before they then, his father and grandfather During the economic war and 1939-45 war it was very difficult got them. Railways became had also worked on the Canal more competitive then and the boats in their young days, Tom to get food as the ration cards would only be accepted in their Canal Co. were not able to Bolger started work on 29th compete against them, that's June, 1940. The wages then was home towns. One time they why wages were so low. only 25/- per week, when hadn't even a cup of tea, the promotion to take charge of the Canal Manager gave him a note engine came they rose to 33 to his grocer (2 ozs. Tea, 2 onions, Traders could shillings, also they had to give a 1 oxo) was all he could get. They collect goods hand assisting the boat in were all mad with hunger; and out of the Locks and cooking potatoes and vegetables were the the meals for the other 3 main supply down the country; it Though the fact of the River boatmen and when they arrived was a hard life at times - they usually passing through the at the different towns where were so hungry in Athlone once centre of some of the towns, it Cargo had to be unloaded all that they bought starch which meant that traders could collect hands had to help to get was supposed to be cornflour, it their goods easily, railways were discharged quickly and move on was difficult to get rid of it. usually not as central, this fact to the next town. Tom started at the early age of helped the Canal business. 11 yrs. some of the apprentices Guinness was one of their best were 12 years, when a vacancy customers as their store was Heavy sacks occurred they were transferred beside the canal, they had three to that boat. Carrying casks of boat loads every week for Carlow of meal beer was hazardous as no matter town and rural area. how well it was watched some of There was no retirement age, the crew were able to slake their Some of the sacks of meal to be you worked as long as you were thirst at night when the skipper able until Lloyd George brought unloaded were as heavy as 24 was asleep. stone (3 cwts). When you got in the Old Age Pensions Act. If used to carrying them across A couple of boats were lost any of the crew got sick they had your shoulder, Tom said, the around Limerick on the to leave the boat and go home or weight never bothered you as' Shannon where the river is very to hospital as there was no pay of you soon got the knack of letting wide and the waves which were any kind for absence in sickness. them fall from the deck to your very high could turn over the The Insurance stamp at that shoulders and then a couple of boats and the cargo would time was 8d. per week and on one steps to unload them. smother the crew. Of course if occasion Tom was working at The full weight for each boat the boat was properly loaded unloading a boat near the North was fixed at 50 tons provided the (that is 30 tons in the hold and 20 Wall harbour at Ringsend when water was high, in summer time on deck) then nothing would he got word that he was wanted they couldn't take that weight as happen; some of the crew would at Head Office in James St., so the water was too low, at times sometimes leave more cargo on he got the loan of 1/- from one of too they had to spread the cargo deck to make for easier the other men to pay his ferry around the deck to allow them to unloading which could unbalance and tram fare up there. When he paSjj under some low bridges. the boatiftheriverwashigh and arrived he was told that in his Journeys from St. Mullins to waves were rough. previous weekly pay packet 7d. James St. Harbour in Dublin From 1919 to 1960 Tom only was only stopped for the Stamp would take 2 days and 1 night, got 2 increases in wages, when and that he owed the Company they had red lamps to warn other Jim Larkin returned from ld., Tom put his hand in his boats during the night, the man America he started a union for pocket and produced the ld. 34 Clashganny Lock on the Barrow. Photo: W.Ellis which was accepted, now said Dublin to Shannon Harbour a She was so graceful as the Tom you owe me 8d. "for what" distance of62 miles, boats had to Swan that swims the lake demanded the Clerk in charge, pass through 36 locks, 6 bridges below for Ferry and Tram return fare and 30 tunnels, from Dublin to The Rhododendrons in full said Tom. It was paid but Tom Lowtown 18 locks and a rise of bloom, the hawthorn white as was sure there was some red 180 feet, passing by Ardnacrusha snow faces over the incident. there was a fall of 160 feet, it was All mingled with the red and There was no protective dangerous and hazardous as green that on the roadside. clothing either to withstand rain there was a strong fall of water grow or when, unloading dirty cargo, always from the turbines which And being amazed as I did if clothes got wet you had to dry could turn the boat around the gaze on the beauty I had seen them on the side of the engine wrong way if you had not an Between fields of emerald during the night. experienced man at the helm, it green. I watched the beauties· The charge hand had to buy only took 5 minutes to get of the lake beside me, from the the provisions for the week through the lock which was one wayside where I stood. including a bag of coal for the of the largest on the Canal and 7 Big waves breaking on the stove to cook the meals and to 10 minutes would bring the beach as I trod through the divide the change equally boat into Limerick, a distance of wood among the crew. They al ways 3 miles, due to the strong flow of I watched that grand old river had good meals, some of course water, you actually flew in. on its journey to the blue were better than others at Horses for the Canal were It passed the noble fort of cooking but no one was ever usually bought at the Castle­ O'Brien and on to Killaloe hungry. They slept in bunks dermot Horse Fair. That night I watched the which were comfortable enough, silvery moon shine on the only in winter if you were on a Concluding his account of life dark brown water boat that was built of steel, it on a Canal barge over the years And lively on the barren hill would be very cold at one side. Tom Anderson told me of a little that pleasant lovely daughter A lOst. Bag of Coal cost 2/­ poem that the compiled one And love and still the corn then, it would last for 1 week for Sunday afternoon when he had mill as a boy I so well knew cooking the meals and heating. taken a walk around Killaloe, When I walked between the Clean bedclothes would be Co. Clare. He was resting by the laurels on the banks at supplied every time the boat roadside before returning to his Killaloe. docked in Dublin and if your boat when a nice young girl clothes got soiled badly from passed by; she attracted his your work they would also be attention somewhat and made cleaned. In Carlow if a strange such an impression on him that It had been my privilege boat had to dock overnight there when he had taken his tea, he got unfortunately to have known was a large store across the river so poetically inspired that he got Tom Anderson for only a couple from the Canal Store, now the notepaper and a pen and of years before he died, during Rowing Club where hay and compiled the following: that period I was struck very oats were stored for the horses forcibly by his great under­ also stables to pass the night. I sat upon a mossy bank amid standing of his fellowman, his Overhead the men could prepare historic scenes honesty and straight forward­ a meal for themselves and bunk Twas there I saw a lovely ness, never a wrong word was down for the night. At many of maid whose age was scarce uttered by him in fact he seemed the principal towns the same eighteen of a class apart always. I hope he arrangements were there for Her hair was hanging down is now enjoying the eternal both men and horses. her back and with the breeze reward which he so richly On the the journey from did blow deserves. 35 ''The Geological History of Carlow'' Lecture by C.R.ALDWELL to Old Carlow Society - 20 March 1975

HANK you Mr. Chairman, of a region. Geology works on the limestone and the Coal T good evening Ladies and both an enormous canvas and a Measure Plateau. The Old Red Gentlemen. May I first of all say vast time scale. The Earth is was laid down at a time when I am especially happy to have over 10,000 million years old. Ireland formed part of a large this chance of being back again Some of the rocks around Mount continent with a hot desert with you in Carlow. During 1962 Leinster formed over 400 million climate. In time the climate and 1963 I was involved here in years ago. Our life spans are so changed as did relative land and the mapping of the glacial short it is hard for us to easily sea level which allowed the deposits of Co. Carlow and when grasp that in fact what seems so flooding of the lower parts of the it came the time for me to leave, permanent as the Blackstairs or Old Red continent by the sea. our work done, I left with three the Castlecomer Plateau were This sea came from the south abiding memories. One was the not always there and are being and extended slowly northwards great beauty of your county. continually modified. It is just lapping against the sides of the Whether it be of Mount Leinster that geological changes are so Granite Upland, into the or looking east across Carlow relatively slow. We are used in Midlands and laid down the from The Ridge or of the Barrow every day life to birth and death limestones along the Barrow at Milford. One takes for granted in plants, animals and humans. Valley around 250 million years lovely scenery in Ireland but all In geology we call these ago. These rocks range from too easily one thinks of the deposition and erosion. An black earthy limestones, coastal counties and forgets eternal balance between through magnesian limestones, those in the Midlands. The construction and destruction. to paler purer limestones near second thing I recall was being We should remember then that the top of this group of rocks. so impressed by the hard work of what we see today is but a your people. Looking at Carlow tattered record of what has 3 million years today - at the well tilled fields taken place in geological time. for which the county is rightly Some deposits that were laid a mere nothing famous, one could easily be down have been stripped off forgiven for accepting this as a without trace. The work of a Lastly of the solid strata we ready made gift of a bountiful geologist includes sticking the have the Coal Measure rocks, Province. As a geologist, bits of evidence together in order made up of shales, sandstones however, working on maps of to try and reconstruct an and with occasional seams of over 100 years old, I was to see accurate picture of what has coal. At their base are deep water the contrast and the amazing taken place. marine shales. By degrees the changes that hard work had sea became silted up and the brought about in the time deposits change in character between the two surveys. And Converted to through brackish water laid lastly there was the great schists and slates strata to rocks formed in fresh friendliness I met with from water. The conditions of the time people in both town and country. would have been something like My visit tonight to talk with you At the present day, as far as those at the present day mouth about your county and its area is concerned, over half of of the Amazon. A lowlying delta geological history is therefore a Co. Carlow is formed of granite. with swampy stretches support­ most welcome return for me. This rock pushed its way up in a ing vegetation in time to be molten form some 380 m. years fossilised as coal. There followed ago. It arose from deeper within great earth movements which Tattered record the earth and forced its way into folded the rocks and caused the of the past the overlying tightly folded lowlying Coal Measure rocks to shales and sandstones and be pushed up in places into Geology the science and study converted them by heat and highland positions. One such of our planet Earth is the most pressure into schists and slates. being the Castlecomer Plateau basic of all the Natural Sciences The remnants of these compact - a remnant of a once much in its wide ranging control and and compressed metamorphic more widely spread occurrence influence of so much that affects rocks are to be seen to the north of Coal Measure rocks in our day to day lives. The of Mount Leinster. Ireland. For the next 200 million landscape with which we are so After the granite we have the years we have no representa­ familiar, the uses to which our Old Red Sandstone which tives of the rocks which were laid land can be put, which in turn includes bits of granite within it, down in Co. Carlow. They do influences the types of farming, showing that the granite is the exist in Northern Ireland and off the factories, the industries and older rock. Only a small patch of our coasts. It seems probable the whole fabric of our lives. All Old Red is to be seen in Co. that some at least were once these things depend to a large Carlow near Bagenalstown, but present here but the process of extent on the geological make up it is thought to be present under erosion has removed them 36 The Blackstairs, Co. Carlow. Photo: W. Ellis without trace. Their presence The conditions of the Ice Age time it entered Carlow it had lost may well have saved some of the could be likened to Greenland or much of its momentum and softer rocks we have today Antarctica today. At the erosive power. It thus could which might have gone too had maximum of the cold an ice cap proceed just a few miles across they been exposed to the surface of up to 10,000 ft. high is the granite picking up only some all the time since their estimated to have existed in loose and rotted rock. In the deposition. For example the rate central Ireland near Athlone. north it failed to reach the of erosion of limestone in the The first major Glaciation for Wicklow glaciers and was west of Ireland today is which there is fairly satisfactory divided from them by a series of estimated at 1 to 2 ft. per 6000 evidence in Carlow is called the large lakes into which melt years. So a limestone hill the Saale - to use European water fed from the receding ice height of the Coalfield Plateau terminology. This came from the sheets. In the south it mingled could go in 3 million years which north and overrode everything with the ice from Mt. Leinster so is a mere nothing in the time up to an altitude of about 1200 ft. that the material of the two scale of which we are talking. Local simultaneous mountain merge gradually from one to the The solid rocks for the most glaciers in the east of the County other. part are covered with a coating were confined to their own of overburden or unconsolidated vicinities by the great force of ice As the Ice Age waned and the deposits - clays, sands and from the north. The debris of this ice melted it left behind partly gravels. These are made up of glaciation has been much water sorted sands and gravels bits and pieces of the solid rocks weathered and leached in the alternating with clay and of the area and, less often, intervening time and reworked unwashed glacier debris. In fragments of rocks from outside and submerged by later events places as a final legacy the dying the boundaries of Carlow. The on the lower ground. However, it ice bequeathed a last sticky origin of these deposits and the appears to have been the source mixture of watery clay and explanation of their distribution of at least some of the stones to be seen today as a clay was a matter of mystification overburden in the south and east layer on top of the sand and and argument among early of the county and the higher gravel. On the steeper slopes geologists. The agent of their parts of the Coalfield Plateau. material slid down under deposition we know now was ice gravity leaving what we call and in the case of the sand and soliflucted deposits. gravel-rivers and lakes within Final legacy With the exception of the 9000 and around the edges of the ice of dying ice B.C. cold spell the weather has sheets or glaciers. continued warmer. The country­ The period which we call the After a period of warmer side at first resembled Northern Ice Age stretches back close on 1 weather, colder conditions Canada or Finland. Lots of million years. Within it the returned again. The next lakes, tundra and heaths, giving climate swung through phases glaciation called the Weichsel way to forest and grass land. A both hotter and colder than we was less extensive than the wet period about 3000 B.C. have today. In fact there seems Saale, but because of its recent caused peat growth. By degrees to have been at least three main age has left relatively fresh and the rivers have reorganised the phases of severe cold during this drainage and many of the lakes unweathered deposits. This are gone. time with probably sub phases glaciation started with ice within the major ones. As far as Now to some of the more forming on the mountains with distinctive features of the Ireland is concerned the last cold some outflow of material snap~ which may have been a Carlow landscape and how we towards the east. The main believe they formed. factor in the extinction of the movement came from the north Great Irish Elk among other west. Across from the Midlands TORRS: On the top of the fauna, was about 9,000 years a vast sheet of ice extended Blackstairs we have boulders ago. south-east into Carlow. By the often in odd clusters. These owe 37 their origin to deep weathering and other purposes and countries are working overtime of the rick some millions of years limestone mainly for ground to produce a fusion furnace to ago during warm climatic times. limestone are worked at a cope with the 5 million °C The softer rotted material has number of places in the county. temperature involved in such a been eroded away leaving the However, the two most reaction. It is expected to be in more resistant spines as significant minerals of this existence before the end of the TORRS. Granite is especially locality are coal and spodumene century. When this time comes, suited to TORR formation. and I propose to deal with these Ireland will be self sufficient in in some detail. Lithium for several hundred CORRIES: On the higher years. parts of Mt. Leinster are etched COAL: The Leinster Coalfield great arm chair shaped steep It is true that what I have just has been renowned for many said is still in the future - to sloped hill side features called centuries as a source of high Corries or Cirques. They have a some perhaps science fiction. To grade anthracite. Most of the those who think so I would just steep back and sides, a basin, coal occurred within Cos. and often a rise of ground in say what of the atom bomb, Kilkenny and Laois, just what of the moon rockets - were front. There is usually an touching into Co. Carlow at The absence of rock debris within the they not also apparently Ridge and Rossmore. At this fantastic say 20 years before Corrie. Corries were hollowed time most of the best coal has out by active glaciers which were they came to pass, yet now we been taken and what is left is accept them. able to remove the rock debris either thin in seam or small in a subsequently. They are a most real extent. However, the present When we were invited, by distinctive feature of glaciated energy crisis has caused President Childers to visit Aras regions. ourselves like many European an U achtarain to meet him we thought long and hard as to ESKERS: are long ridges of countries to look closely at all possible sources of energy. what would be a suitable gift to gravel. They are the remains of a bear to a man of President river which flowed within Whilst the increased cost of oil has in some cases transformed Childers exceptionally wide stagnant ice. There is a fine range of interests. Eventually example of one to the east of the uneconomic into economic operations. we decided that of all the Irish Bagenalstown. Close to the mineral discoveries - the most same Esker is the Scalp, a great At Rossmore a small patch of coal of 12" thickness of some 1/z fitting would be a piece of Co. cutting in the granite at least 40 Carlow - sample of spodumene ft. deep through which in more million tons reserves has survived as an isolated pocket of with all its implications for the active times the river cut its way future. And President Childers as it flowed southwards towards the No. 2 Castlecomer seam. The present economic conditions was most delighted with it and it the Barrow east of Borris. Both reclined for a time at least on the features are thus the remains of however make it a small but useful contributor to energy sideboard in Aras an Uach­ the ice age drainage pattern tarain. required to remove the vast needs. quantities of water as the ice While this might be a very SPODUMENE is a mineral suitable moment for me to stop I melted and are long since of the rare element Lithium. Its disused. must beg your attention for a few composition is Li Al Si2 06 and more moments to deal with one THE SOILS: The most is got in coarse granite usually more subject especially dear to important practical products of near its margin. It has been my own heart -underground the glaciers are of course our known for many years to occur water. This is a natural resource soils. I don't propose to go into in the Leinster granite at only fairly recently utilised on a detail on this subject but just to Killiney, Co. Dublin but a large scale worldwide and still to indicate some of the main relatively large quantity was be seriously explored for in consequences of the glacial found within the last 10 years in Ireland. To many of us in Ireland action in Carlow. The first thing Co. Carlow. You probably know the idea of water actually being to note is the carriage of the that energy can be produced by in short supply is probably hard limestone eastwards for up to 8 splitting an atom of Uranium. to credit. Yet as we develop we miles beyond the actual And that once this reaction is both use more and more and limestone rock boundary. The started it continues until all the pollute more and more water. As resulting mixture of the light Uranium is used up. It is true a result our huge traditional granite soil with the limestone that a quite small piece of reserves of surface water are fast produced a highly fertile soil Uranium can produce a lot of becoming eroded at both ends. good for tillage. Soils derived energy but it is a rare mineral Carlow is especially favoured from granite alone are light and and like coal and oil comes to an with underground water. The acid and in the south-east of the end. deep valley of the Barrow has county, the change from soils The sun however makes both excellent collection derived from just granite to energy a different way by fusing grounds on the granite and Coal those with a schist constituent two elements of Hydrogen to Measure Plateau but also the produces a marked change for form Helium - again with the necessary gravels and limestone the better. The soils of the Coal release of a vast amount of rocks to act as reservoirs for tens Measure Plateau are of energy. The sun however has a of millions of gallons of ground so:Uiflucted local origin, mostly great bulk to enable this reaction water. A tiny fraction of this has shale and therefore impervious, to occur. We do not. It has been been tapped so far -just enough acid and poorly drained. found that a small quantity of to give an idea of what is there. Lithium allows us to overcome In time this may also prove of MINERAL DEPOSITS: the bulk problem. The more importance than we now Sand and gravel for building technologically advanced think. 38 Ceatharlach - Re nua na Gaeilge Cynthia Ni Murchu

S mor an difriocht ata ann idir oidhreacht agus dar ndoigh ar ar I saol an lae inniu agus an saol dteanga fein. Spreagtar daoine a bhi ann na blianta o shoin. chun Gaeilge a labhairt agus Annalod b'iomai duine nach chun bheith pairteach in ndeachaigh ar scoil in aon chor imeachtai culturtha an bhaile. no ma chuaigh ha chuig 'scolaire Cothaitear brod agus mortas i bocht' i scoil foidin a ndeachaigh measc pobal Cheatharlaigh as a se ... 'ar thaobh na greine de mBaile Gaelach fein. Shliabh na mBan b'fheidir'. I measc na nEagras agus na Tithe dha-sheomra a bhiodh Cumainn Gaelacha ata ag ann agus scraith anuas orthu saothru i gCeatharlach ta Glor mar dhion. Chonaiodh daoine na nGael, Eigse Cheatharlach, mar aon le muca, sicini, agus Colaiste na bhFiann, Deag6iri asal sa bhothan i dteannta a na Dolmaine, Conradh na cheile gan cur isteach no amach Q-aeilge, Comhaltas Ceoltoiri ar a cheile. Eireann. Saol na mbainini, saol an Eagraitear imeachtai gaelacha bhreidin agus saol na mbroga iJghneitheacha i rith na bliana; domhnaigh a bhiodh ann fado. Eigse, Feis, Coirmeacha Cheoil, D'iti bia simpli nadurtha. Seisiliin agus Ceilithe, Aonach Bhiodh muintir na hEireann ag na Nollag, Diospoireachtai agus braith ar na pratai ar fad geall Ranganna Oiche, Oicheanta leis. Ni bhiodh tae ag na daoine Cheoil, Turasanna, Cursai agus Colaisti Samhraidh tri Ghaeilge. bochta ach amhain ar La N ollag Cynthia Ni Mhurc hu is a final agus ni fheicidis ansin go ceann year student teacher in Paisti agus bliana arise. Mar a duirt creatur Carysfort Training College. In amhain 'da bhfaighfimis ar this essay she compares and an Ghaeilge ndothain tae an La san ha contrasts the lifestyle in the Ni folair an teanga a dhoigh linn go mairfimis go Ireland of long ago with that of bra.ch.' choimead beo don chead ghlun the eighties with particular eile agus chuige san ta an B'shin aimsir na spridi, trath reference to Carlow where the na bpucai agus ant-am a bhiodh reamhscoil agus an bhunscoil­ Irish language has entered a N aionra Cheatharlach agus na daoine maithe ann go new era of popularity. fluirseach. B'shin aimsir na Gaelscoil Cheatharlach - ag Gaeilge chomh maith nuair a saothru don todhchai. Ba bhiodh an teanga beo ar bheal dtuigeann daoine ma ta Gaeilge iomlan sa teanga mar na ndaoine agus nuair nach acu go dtuigfidh siad meon, phrionsabal leis na chur chuige raibh an Bearla ach ag fealsunacht agus treithe a cumarsaide anseo sa tsli is go corrduine. Sea, is mor an gcomh-Ghael nios fearr. mbaineann an Ghaeilge go difriocht idir saol na linne seo Os rud e go bhfuilimid nadurtha leis an bpaiste - lena agus an cineal saol a bhi ann pairteach sa Comhphobal saol, lena nabhar suime agus fado. lnniu teann gach paiste ar Eorpach le teangacha agus lena gcuid riachtanas fein. scoil; is iomai teach nua­ cultuir eagslila ag bru ar Toradh an pholaise seo na paisti aimseartha ata le feiceail; ta re imeachtai na tire seo gach uile la dhatheangacha. 'na denims, na baggys agus na tuigeann muintir na hEireann Agusna paisleys' i reim chomh maith leis tabhacht,na Gaeilge i leith ar n­ Deag6iri ... an 'hamburger and pizza'. Is ionannu mar chine agus mar beag duine a chreideann i spridi, thir ar leith. Tuigeann deagoiri Cheathar­ pucai n6 daoine maithe a lacha go maith gur feidir le Tuiscint Pobal daoine oga gnathshaol na fichiu thuilleadh. Is rudai aifeiseacha Cheatharlaigh iad, r6-shimpli do aigne aoise a chaitheamh tre Ghaeilge. sofaisticiuil aibi na fichiu aoise. Is leir go bhfuil tuiscint fe leith Gur feidir an Ghaeilge a Maidir leis an Gaeilge - is ag muintir Cheatharlaigh ar thabhairt amach on seomra cinnte nach bhfuil si beo i mbeal thabhacht na Gaeilge agus ar an ranga agus i a chur i bhfeidhm i gach duine sa tir seo inniu. gcultur a theann lei. An e toisc go gcursai spoirt, i gceol, ar Thainig mor-athraithe uirthi raibh ar mbaile mar chuid den Aifreann an Domhnaigh, ina direach cosuil le gneithe eile an Phail, trath a raibh an Ghaeilge gcuid caitheamh aimsire. An tsaoil ach is doigh liom go bhfuil in umar na haimleise? teanga ina theanga bheo re nua sroichte ag an nGaeilge Feictear tuiscint nua na nGael direach mar ha choir cosuil le faoi lathair. Leiritear meon ar i leith na Gaeilge i muintir gach teanga eile. leith, fealsunacht ar leith, Cheatharlaigh in a Ian gneithe. Ni feidir a sheanadh ach treithe daonna ar leith i ngach Is iomai eagras agus cumann ag oiread ach go bhfuil anois is leir go phobail ar ar gcultur, ar ar n- • Continued page 40 39 The Late Mary Teresa Kelly

HE Old Carlow Society lost a Soroptomists and was equally T grand old lady, a great engrossed in the activities of historian and a devoted member that Society. when Mary Teresa Kelly of Mary Teresa was educated in Pollerton Big, Carlow passed St. Leo's College, Carlow where peacefully to her Eternal she was a really outstanding Reward in St. Brigid's Nursing student. The nuns had visions of Home, Carlow, on Tuesday, 23rd a brilliant University for her. September in her 85th year. However, her services were required on the home farm and Mary Teresa joined the Old so she spent her whole life in Carlow Society shortly after its Carlow. Twenty-five years ago foundation in 1946 and retained she was one of the founders of St. her membership and interest in Leo's Past Pupils' Union and the Society's activities right up was its first President. She to her death. With the late Victor maintained a keen interest in the Hadden she was for a period affairs of the Union all down the joint editor of "Carloviana"; for years. very many years she was joint It was indeed remarkable and secretary with her life-long fitting that on Mercy Day at the friend, Mona Fenlon; for a long Mass in the Cathedral in the period she was vice-chairperson, Mary Teresa was particularly presence of 600 St. Leo students, and in 1980 she was, despite her interested in the Society's their parents and teachers, her protestations, elected chair­ Summer outings as she had an coffin rested in front of the High person. insatiable love for historic Altar. To the very end Mary buildings and sites. Even when a Teresa was with her beloved She gave many interesting resident of St. Brigid's she went Alma Mater. S. O'L. lectures especially in the early on these outings and despite days of the Society. Down the failing health really enjoyed • Continued from page 39 years she contributed numerous them. Mary Teresa will certainly articles dealing with Old Carlow be missed by all of us. fhail ar an saol gaelach sin a for "Carloviana". These articles bhfuil paisti agus deag6iri ag were most detailed and showed It was not alone in the O.C.S. baint an meid sin taithneamh as clearly what a marvellous that Mary Teresa shone. . . Ranganna Oiche d6ibh siud memory she had and how Coming from a farming stock it ata ag iarraidh cur lena gcuid meticulously she had prepared was not surprising that on its Gaeilge fein agus ar nd6igh them. Many of them have been inception she became a member d6thain imeachtai chun an recently enjoyed by present-day of the Countrywomens' Associa­ teanga a chur 'ag obair'. tion. She was a founder member readers as they have been Tus maith serialised in the "Carlow of the Graiguecullen Guild of Advertiser". which she was Treasurer for Is cinnte go bhfuil tus nua le re many years. She later joined the na hathbhe6chana i leith na She will be sorely missed in the Carlow Town and Tinryland teanga anseo i mBaile O.C.S. for she was a veritable Guilds. In all three her craft Ceatharlach ... tus nua ... tus mine of information as regards demonstrations and her talks maith. Cinnte nil an teanga beo i local history. When any question were much enjoyed by her fellow mbeal chuile dhuine mar a bhi arose about the old days in members. fad6 in Eirinn ach ta meon Carlow it was automatically As she attended Confederat­ gaelach ag fas i measc na referred to Mary Teresa who, ion Meetings, A.G.M.'s and ndaoine agus re na tuisceana i without fail, gave a correct and Conferences in various centres reim. Feachann na daoine ar an minute explanation. It will be she was well-known and highly nGaeilge mar an t-acast6ir i impossible to replace her, as she respected all over Ireland. At her roth. Fasann gneithe eile den was really an encyclopedia of Requiem Mass, concelebrated by chultur agus den saol on knowledge as regards this area. Very Rev. John Fingleton, Adm. dteanga mar a fhasann na sp6cai 6n acast6ir. Da mbrisfi However, local history was not and her cousin Rev. Sean Swayne of the Liturgical Centre, cupla sp6ca den roth ni dheanfai her only forte. Being like her m6ran damaiste ach da mbrisfi brothers Noel and Al, an St. Patrick's College, large numbers of LC.A. members from an t-acast6ir thitfeadh an roth inveterate and retentive reader, as a cheile. Tuigtear mead an she could discuss almost any Co. Carlow and other counties attended. A group of 16 members dushlan chun an roth subject. We can recall how for luachmhar seo a chaomhnu many years her brother Al, knew from different areas formed a Guard of Honour at her funeral, agus a choimead ag gluaiseacht all the answers at numerous ag an am ceanna. local and national Question testifying how well the deceased was respected and appreciated. An bhfuil an cumas, an speis, Times. As regards Mary Teresa an misneach ag muintir and her brothers Goldsmith's Besides being an active Cheatharlaigh tabhairt faoin "Still the wonder grew ----" member of the O.C.S. and LC.A. dushlan seo. Ta me cinnte go was very apt. she was also a member of the bhfuil. 40 History of St. Mary's Parish Church By Harry Fennell

HEN writing a history or Catherlough. Lionel moved the spreads the mould the thickness Wpaper like this, with so Exchequer to Catherlough and prescribed, pressing it down much material available, it is expended a sum of £500 on the with a hand, then give about 3 difficult to decide what to building of the Town Wall, o'clock a pot of water each side, include when one is dealing with portion of this wall was givegreatairfrom 7 o'clocktill3 a period of over three hundred unearthed when digging the o'clock by rising the sashes years. It must of necessity be foundations for the present seven inches high. If these brief, so I shall try to condense it Provincial Bank, it ran from questions are attended to, no by giving the most interesting somewhere near St. Brigid's harm will come to them for close items as I find them. Hospital to the river Burrin. The confinement. (An unusual entry The Parish of St. Mary's has in Church was dedicated to St. in a Church Minute Book). its possession the oldest Vestry Comgall, the Celtic Saint. In the year 1686 an interesting Books in Ireland. The Minute item is, the distribution of Books commence in 1669 and are Sum of £21-18-0 Christmas benevolence, Widow complete to the present day. The Jonson 6d., Old Rose 3d., Mark Registers of Baptisms, Marriages was still due Kelly 2d., Modagh 2d., Grizzle and Deaths are complete from Evans 2d., Connel Doolan 2d., 1695. These books are full of At a Vestry Meeting held on David Moore 2d., Blind Nicholas information of very great the 20th July, 1669, it was 3d., Darby 4d., Babbery 3d., the interest. pointed out to the members that Bellman 1/6, Parishioners in the The present Church of St. "a sum of £21-18-0 was still due Jail 4/-. These are only a few of a Mary's is the third on the same to Thomas Herbadge for ye lengthy list, it shows the value of site. Dean Andrews of Limerick building and erecting ye Church money at that time. was consecrated Bishop of at ye first." It was decided that In 1698 a Town Clock was Leighlin and Ferns in St. the above sum be applotted on erected in the Belfry, George Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, on the Union of Catherlough Acton, Parish Clerk was allowed 11th May, 1635, by Launcelot, Parishes, also that ye 12/- per annum for his care and Archbishop of Dublin. He writes Churchwardens of each Parish trouble in looking after the clock. of the state of the Churches in shall take two or three of ye Ireland at this time as being in a ablest sons in their respective most deplorable condition, the Parishes to aid in the collection Raising the Cathedrals in many places of same. Churchyard wall destroyed, the Parish Churches In August, 1669 the Parishes unroofed, ruined or unrepaired, of Urglin, Clonmulsh, Killeshin, Sletty, Shrule, Monksgrange, The first entry for the 18th the houses left desolate during Century is as follows: on the 11th the wars and confusion of former and Painstown were united to Catherlough, Catherlough being day of November, 1700, that the times. It was about this time that sum of £16 be allotted for raising the first of these three Churches the Mother Parish to control the rent. the Churchyard wall, from the was built. It was much smaller French man's house to the than the present one, and was On 9th October, 1684, Church 6ft. high. The late roofed with shingles, this roof Killeshin was given permission Archdeacon Ridgeway thought seems to have given a lot of to build a· gallery in their that this French man must have worry as they were constantly Church, situated up in the been the Reverend Benjamin paying for repairs to it. Killeshin Hills. Dallion who died in 1709. His There was a famous vine tomb is in the extreme South Western Wall of growing underneath glass, West corner of the Churchyard, probably the Church Porch. lying North and South, instead Catherlough There are numerous references of East and West, as all tombs to this vine, it was known as the do. He was a Hugenot refugee. The site was ideally situated Church vine. The following The house referred to is known on an eminence overlooking the entry dated June 12th, 1685 (275 as Miss Kearney's, now in the beautiful Norman Castle, which years ago) appears in the Minute possession of Mr. Farrell. was at this time in perfect Book. The Vine in the Hotbed On 14th July, 1701, it was condition and garrisoned, also Frame requires to have three agreed to build a gallery in the the ruins of St. Mary's Abbey a inches more of fresh mould Church, one and thirty feet long, few hundred yards away outside carefully spread all over the bed rising upwards to the West end, the Town Wall. It may be of in such a manner that the vine the money to be raised by interest at this stage to mention will receive no hurt by subscriptions. The Vestry at this this Western Wall of Cather­ misplacing, twisting or breaking time performed all the functions lough. In the year 1361 Edward them, to do with care, let one of Local Government in the III appointed his son Lionel, person hold the branches at one Parish, under its control, they Duke of Clarence, Lord side, rising as many together as were responsible for afforesta­ Lieutenant of the County of convenient, while another tion. 41 On 14th day of October, 1702, Reverend Hosiah Hort, Lord The first time the town was they sent out an order to all the Bishop of Ferns and Leighlin, referred to as Carlow was in Parishes, to plant a certain presided at a Vestry Meeting. It 1721, previous to that it was number of trees, each holding to was proposed by his Lordship, Catherlough, the City of the plant according to its acreage. I and passed unanimously that Lakes. The Vestry was will mention just a few: Little the Parish Church being in a responsible for all roads in the Pollardstown 6, Gallows Hill decayed condition, should be Parishes under its control. Farm 10, Mortarstown 12, pulled down and rebuilt There was a man named Jacob Crossneen 8. forthwith. His Lordship stated Coleman on the Vestry in 1 732, In 1 705 a family named Paull that he already had voluntary when the second Church was was given permission to build a subscriptions amounting to £389 built, he was an ancestor of Mr. Burial Vault inside the Church, for this purpose. It was six years Bennie Coleman of Dublin in their ancient Burial place, this before it was finished in 1732. Street. This is the oldest family latter sentence supports the There was great difficulty in living in the Parish. tradition that this place was the raising enough money to In the year 1 765 the name town Burial Ground, before complete the job. Deighton first appeared, Henry these Churches were built. The There is only one name in the Deighton, after whom the Parish Doyne family also built a Vault list for the purchase of pews in Hall is named, was a descendant in the Church, they erected a the new Church that I am of his, he was Rector's polished marble Tablet with the familiar with, Mr. Joseph Churchwarden that year. printing in gold letters. Fishbourne paid £1-16-0 for No. A Meeting held on 8th May, 36. The Fishbourne family is 1784, resolved: "That we bind well known in Killeshin Parish. ourselves by voluntary sub­ 'Figures altered This second Church must not scriptions to light the town of and defaced' have been of a very imposing Carlow, and provide lamps for appearance judging by the said purpose," Signed John The Treasurers in 1 708 got following extract from the Post Falkiner, D.D., Rector. themselves into a spot of trouble, Chaise Companion in 1786: the Auditors reported "we find "There is also in Carlow the the figures altered and defaced ruins of a very fine Abbey, built Illicit spirits in many places, so we cannot about 634, whose founder was manufactured certify them as correct," so we buried there, near it is a see that embezzlement is not Protestant Church, this is small entirely a modern evil. and only of indifferent June 9th, 1744, Thomas Allen In 1711 the following were structure." This is the Church was engaged to lay an appointed to represent the referred to by Dean Swift, after a earthenware floor two inches Parishes: visit to Carlow, when he penned and a half thick, throughout the Catherlough: John Brown, these lines "Poor Town, proud whole Church and entrance, to Phillip Bernard, Patrick Wall, people, high Church, and low be made of lime, sand, collum, Matthew Humprey, Richard steeple." and blood, to be finished 1st Scally and Thomas Conyers. August. Killeshin: Joseph Rouselle, In 1746 a man named John Mark Quigley, Henry Carter, Great road to Clarke was appointed at a salary Wm. Hunt. be repaired of £5, to discover in the Parish Sletty: Robert Best, Charles where the large amount of illicit Byrne. spirits was being manufactured, Shrule: Colm Bryan. At the Easter Vestry in 1736 a and to bring the guilty persons to Monksgrange: Nicholas man with a peculiar name of justice. (They were making a Warren. Achilles Columbine was elected drop of poteen on the quiet). Clodagh: Thomas Bunbury, as Churchwarden. The register of Baptisms, John Russell. At a Meeting held on the 5th Marriages and Deaths is Painstown: Arundel Best. October, 1736, the following interesting, though very difficult Resolution was passed: "We, the to sort out, as the entries are all The following items appear in Ministers and Churchwardens mixed up together, without any the Parish accounts for the year of the Parish duly assembled to semblance of order. I shall give 1715, paid to the Coroner £1-6-0 present the great road leading you the most interesting ones for holding two inquests on the from the town of Graigue to the down the centuries. As Carlow bodies of Darby and Edward Ford ofMonesure in the Queen's was a Garrison town the records Byrne, who were "drownded" in Co. to be repaired by the contain many names of soldiers ye Barrow while sliding. The inhabitants of that Parish, in six and their families, who were Parish Clerk's spelling and days' labour." This is the present married, baptised or died here. pronunciation was not his Castlecomer road, the Ford was They mostly belonged to strong point. on the little river beyond The Cavalry Regiments, Dragoons, In the expenses 1722 we find Laurels in the townland of Lancers, and Hussars. When the following entry, paid £1-16-0 Manure. Mr. J. Hammon and going over the burial records for for having 105 yards between Mr. R. Scally were appointed the seventeenth and eighteenth Mr. Somer's house and Burrin overseers for the repairing of the centuries, one is struck by the Bridge, and for improving the road from Carlow to Clogrennane number of children who died water gap for cattle and horses Castle. Mr. Thomas Cooper and under the age of two years, you in Water Lane, also one half­ Mr. George Rouselle, overseers come across hundreds who only penny for putting a hook on the of that part of the Highway survived a few days, infantile North Churchyard gate. leading from Graigue to mortality was very high in those July 18th, 1 726, the Right Killeshin. days. The following are some of 42 the entries which caught my eye: An interesting entry appeared December 27th: resolved that the December 15th, 1746, buried in the baptisms, dated 7th April, Parish do advertise for plans Tillet, a poor traveller. 1833, baptised this day, 8 and estimates for building a 1788, September 9th, died the children for Samuel and Sarah South wall, widening, roofing 8th at 1 o'clock in the morning, Handcock Haughton. When I the Church, and erecting a new Captain Jocelyn-Davidson, read this, I thought that this spire. The North wall and most Esq., aged 78 years, and was puts the Dione quins in the of the East wall were taken at so early an hour as 1 o'c. shade, but on closer examination, incorporated in the new in the morning to be interred I found they were all of different building. It was passed beneath the Cedars in the Burial ages. This was about the time unanimously at a Meeting held Field at Old Derrig. This is the that this great Quaker family in January, 1828, that the plans private burial ground of the joined the Church of Ireland. of Thomas Cobden be selected Thomas family, late of Belmont, pursuant to his estimate. The Carlow. This man must have Church was re-modelled, been a relative of that family, as Insulted by an widened, a new South wall built, the late Captain Thomas was enraged mob roofed, and a new spire erected in named Jocelyn Henry Watkins the year 1832. The Contractor Thomas. I could never find out was given the old roof for why the burial took place at such On 2nd May, 1783, died Mr. himself. He was a lucky man, for Henry Woddle, Merchant, who an unearthly hour. Old residents acquired a large fortune by his when the shingles were removed in this district told me that all he discovered it was lined with the funerals to this Graveyard dealing, which he bequeathed to several Dublin Hospitals. When sheet copper, a very valuable were at night time. Was it some material at this time. When the superstition or perhaps some he was being buried, in Carlow Graveyard, his remains were Steeplejacks had the spire built legal clause in Old Deeds? they had a platform on top with There are two very pathetic several times insulted by an enraged mob on the way to the the large cross ready to be placed entries in the year 1787, buried onto its socket. Colonel Bruen of Sir Richard Moore Baronet, he place of interment, on account of his not considering the poor of Oak Park offered to go up and died the 29th ulto. in Carlow Jail, perform the laying ceremony. for debt, aged 86. that Parish where he made so much money. They laid his They took him up in a basket There is recorded the death of a attached to pulleys. He laid the lady aged 37 years, and the coffin down on the street several times, as the cortege approached cross all right, but they had to statement is added that she died the Graveyard. blindfold him to get him down of a broken heart. After her name safely. is inserted in brackets, see 8th In 1778 a Mr. K. Scragg's Feby., 1777. On turning back I name appears on the Vestry list. found the date referred to her This man and his brother had a Patients afflicted was her marriage day. It looks private School on the corner of with cholera like a case of domestic Brown Street and College Street, unhappiness. called Scragg's Academy. He At a Meeting held in 1832 the also owned a row of two-roomed following resolution was passed: thatched houses in Potato "That the thanks of the Parish Died while Market area. It was known as are justly due and are hereby playing cards Scragg's Alley. given to William Fishbourne, Also on the Vestry list in the Esq., for his kindness in giving same year was a Mr. Charles the Barn situated on the Tullow 1777 died Edwardina Alborina Lance, he was Rector's Road as a Hospital for the Barbarina, youngest daughter Churchwarden, this man was reception of patients afflicted of Edward and Eleanor another Huguenot refugee, he with cholera." Ramsfork, aged one year. was a Brass and Copper Plate Resolved also: "That the (Surely a case of Ina for short). worker, he had his premises in thanks of the Vestry be given to 1801, Nov. 17th, died Centaur Street. Thomas Edward Byrne, and suddenly, whilst at cards at 12 The quaint way in which the James Porter, Esq., Surgeons, o'clock at night, Mrs. Anne Parish Clerk wrote the entries in for their readiness to afford Mitchell. the old books is sometimes very professional assistance when The following entry appears in amusing. One entry states that a required, also Mr. John Maher the Marriage Register, May member of the Fitzmaurice for carrying patients to this 17th, 1 780: The Reverend John family pinched someone's seat. Hospital." Falkiner, D.D., Rector of Carlow, It is corrected on the next page, Some famous men attended was married to Miss Galbraith, where it states he purchased it. Divine Service in these eldest daughter of Samuel The seats all had to be bought, Churches, notably Dean Swift, Galbraith, Esq., of Old Derrig, the front ones were the most who visited the second Church, by the Reverend R. Hobart, expensive. In another entry it and stayed with the Rector in the Rector of Sletty and Shrule. All stated that a Mr. Humphrey sold Vicarage, which was the present those people are buried in the half of his seat for £1. Public House "Ewings" on the Castle Hill graveyard. At a Vestry Meeting on corner of Haymarket. Sir John This is how the following December 6th, 1827, it was French also attended Divine entry reads: 15th Sept., 1791, resolved that an application be Service in the present Church, buried Miss Anne Brown of made to the Board of First Fruits soon after he returned from the Browne's Hill, aged 30 years "so to ascertain if they would Boer War when Military I was informed." (The Parish advance money for building a Manoeuvres were held in the Clerk must have doubted her new Church in this Parish, the age). present one being condemned. • Continued next page 43 Rutland National School The Christmas Tree Party By H. V. Boake

tradition says that the She provided the highlight of A Christmas Tree was the year too, the Christmas Tree invented by Martin Luther. He party. The school room was then got the idea when one frosty less than half the size of the night he was out looking up at present hall, and the tree stood the stars through the branches in one corner, decorated and lit of a Norway Spruce. and laden. We had never seen Another German, Prince anything like it before. We were Albert, consort of Queen Victoria rooted to the ground, but after a brought the Christmas Tree to while crept a little nearer, to see England, where the idea soon if we could see our names became popular, and in a short inscribed on anything, but this time, became just as popular in was never successful. Ireland, so that nowadays the brightly lit and decorated The presents were mostly in a Christmas Tree is almost large box over which the Rector everywhere, including our National School was the parish stood guard while we feasted on churches, the star on top priest, be he R.C. or C. of I. but in everything sweet, sticky and reminding us of Bethlehem, and this case for some unknown curranty. Evenutallywe saw the if the idea was really Martin reason, Mrs. Brown-Clayton, great moment was coming near, Luther's, saying to ourselves, wife of Brigadier Brown-Clayton, and we made a last effort to stuff "Well it has a right to be there". of Browne's Hill was the down another bun, before Mrs. Those of us who learnt the manager. She did her duty well, B.C. reached into the box. In the three Rs at Rutland National visiting the school regularly, ensuing silence she called out a School probably saw our first and seeing to our wants. She name. Half paralysed with Christmas Tree there, reaching walked in without knocking as fright and excitement, the owner up to the ceiling, and decorated was her right. We stood up of the name advanced. and hung with presents, and lit somewhat falling over ourselves, not with electric bulbs, but with so sudden was her entry. She Valuable tiny candles clamped to the made a bee line for the teacher's presents branches. chair beside the fire, and if the Our host, as Gay Byrne might teacher happened to be in it, she All sorts of things came out of say, or more correctly our had to be out of it quickly, that box, all good valuable hostess, was Mrs. Browne­ otherwise Mrs. Brown-Clayton presents. The girls maybe were Clay ton, and second in would probably have ended up wishing for dolls, but there was command was the teacher, Miss on her lap. She listened to the one sort of present looked Alice Bloomer, and the Rector, teaching for a while, and then forward to by the boys. The older Canon J.C. Nelson. stood up suddenly, tall and boys always got Barber pen Usually the manager of a gaunt and dark, beside our knives. They were best quality rather diminutive teacher, said a and razor sharp. The speculation was, "Would I be regarded as old • History of St. Mary's few words to her, and then with a - Continued from previous page swish of tweeds made for the enough and would I get one?" door, we again having to do Eventually I did, and likewise vicinity of Carlow. He was, of another half tumble to be some others. course, afterwards Lord French, upstanding again. It was woe It was with difficulty we Commander-in-Chief of the betide the pupil nearest the door opened the shining blades. A British Forces at the beginning who had not caught the glare simple bump or push could have of the 1914-18 War. In from Alice to get the door open in meant blood all over the place, Archdeacon Ridgeway's time time. and that with the shouting, the Reverend Canon Hannay, A copy of the "Christian bursting of balloons, and the famous Novelist, who wrote Science Monitor" was left on the banging of crackers, would have under the nom-de-plume of chair. This was found amongst made the schoolroom more like a George A. Birmingham, the fire lighting material next battlefield than a Christmas preached a remarkable sermon morning, and· I would say Tree Party. Perhaps it was at a Harvest Festival Service. I unread. Mrs. Brown-Clayton always the rector's timely calling myself heard him, and belonged to this sect. of three cheers for Mrs. B.C. that re:rrwmber his text. It was, We all owed a de ht to Mrs. saved us. "Jesus shall reign where'er the Brown-Clayton. She kept the We cheered heartily for our sun doth his successive journeys school in repair and kept a manager. We were men, ... we run," the first two lines of that roaring fire going in the school owned a Barber penknife. well-known hymn. room for about 20 to 25 pupils, all Our Christmas was made. Reprinted by permission of Mrs. E.Fennell at her own expense. Contributed by A. Dawson. 44 The Christian Brothers in Borris 1865 -1878 By Breda Brady

T is not widely known that the showed them the residence appeared as time went on. The I Christian Brothers had an intended for the Brothers (it is dividends available were barely establishment in Borris from now the O'Leary residence), the sufficient at the time of the 1865 to 1878, and that one of the school (now the old school) and introduction of the Brothers into community - Brother Stephen told them he was willing to make the Parish. After a few years McNamara is interred there -as any improvements they desired. they grew less. The P.P. Fr. the Parish Priest of the time, Fr. Afterwards he wrote to Brother Carey was unable to supplement Patrick Carey requested that the Ambrose to inform him that them by collection or otherwise. remains be left there, as he "Mr. Kavanagh the landlord has The Brother superior eventually considered him to be a saint. refused to give a lease. I think it had to withdraw the Brothers in Prior to 1864 the people of would not be prudent to lay out 1878. Borris were expecting an money·on buildings without it. I establishment of the Christian have consulted the bishop and Brothers. The Parish Priests as have not yet heard from him. Mr. Building erected well as the bishop were anxious Kavanagh will never put on a over grave that they should come. However, higher rent than the present, it was not until 1864 that definite neither will he dispossess his One very esteemed member of signs of their coming became tenants. Still, he is mortal and the community died during their apparent. The Parish Priest of those who come after him might stay in Borris. He was Brother the time, Rev. Patrick Carey (a not acknowledge the agreement Stephen McNamara, a native of relative of Cardinal Cullen) between Mr. Kavanagh and U rlingford. He succeeded wrote to the superior general me". He concluded by saying he Brother Regis Clarke as Director asking him to hasten the advent would carry out all the in November 1865. He died on of the Brothers to Borris. He prescribed alterations in the March 12th 1867 at the age of wrote "It is now four years since school-room. thirty one. Many people were the Rev. Father Geoghan impressed by his holiness. applied for Christian Brothers. 120 boys enrolled Members of his community in The late P.P. and Vicar-General Richmond St., Dublin and left £1,800 for the establishment in school Limerick where he had served of Christian Brothers in the before coming to Borris were parish and one of my curates Later that year the Brother also edified by his piety and who died twelve months ago left Superior visited Borris. The regularity. On leaving Borris the nearly £300 for the same question of the lease was sorted Brother Superior wished to have purpose. You see, then, we have out and Fr. Carey was assured the remains of Brother all that is necessary to establish the Brothers would be in Borris McNamara transferred from the a school for the Brothers. Do not by the following Easter. In a small plot in the garden, where let our children be lost or run letter to the Brother Superior Fr. he was interred, to the cemetery wild. At the very farthest, I will Carey made the following of one of their neighbouring expect the Brothers at the suggestion. "A friend of mine houses. The P.P. would not part beginning of the new year. In from Maryborough, Queen's with them. He said "If ever there charity strain a point to save our County, has told me that one of was a saint, Brother Stephen children". your Brothers, a Mr. Horan McNamara was one". He The late P.P. referred to was (Brother Austin Horan) was himself had the remains Very Rev. Christopher Doyle about to be removed from that removed the year the Brothers P.P. of Borris from 1836 to 1859. place. If you would allow me to left to a spot quite close to the The curate referred to was Rev. give a suggestion I wish you sacristy in the church grounds. Michael O'Connell. could send him here; he is just Some years later an addition the man would answer". Brother was being made to the sacristy. Inspected house Austin did not go to Borris but at As this addition would extend Easter 1865 Brothers Regis over Brother McNamara's and grounds Clarke, as Director and Dominic burial place the P.P. decided to Sinnott, with a lay Brother transfer the remains to another The Superior General of the arrived. On the 24th April 1865 part of the grounds. When the order directed Brother Ambrose the school was opened. 120 boys coffin was taken up, he had it Treacy, the then Director of the enrolled. The school then went opened. The remains were house in Carlow, and Bro. on its way doing its work. incorrupt so he would not disturb Matthew Redington, a member The one major event in the year them. The building was erected of the Carlow comm unity to visit was the public examination. The over the grave. There is a plaque Borris and inspect the houses people assembled to witness it as to the memory of this holy and grounds which were being also did Mr. McMurrough Brother in the sacristy of the made available. Fr. Carey Kavanagh. Sacred Heart Church in Borris. warmly welcomed them. He However, financial difficulties During their thirteen years in 45 Plan of the buildings occupied by the Brothers

------• l 1 11 3QL, 11 I. r-~~ q l /- ,c;-\-.\

--~---- 3e.

30 I ~1 I I ---- /ft l ,8 T I s . I I I I I /-{-; 2 ''1'11 '

o'=1 Udt1~ l,,w1 - - - [!] rYvQ..AA'V ro ac.l ·

1. House formerly occupied by the Brothers. 9. Catholic Church - the present RC. Church. 2. Yard attached to the house 10 Entrance to sacristy. 3 (a, b, c) Garden attached to the house (now PP's residence). 11. Grave of Bro. Stephen McNamara where 4. Stable. his remains were deposited on being removed 5. Church Grounds. from in 1878. 6, 7. Entrance to girls' and boys' schools (now the old school). t 8. Playgrounds. X. Row of cottages (not there now).

Borris the Brothers attracted Christian Brothers on August entered the Novitiate of the some fine young men into their 3rd 1867. He was a grand uncle Christian Brothers on August community. James Whitty of Michael Kavanagh, Bally­ 18th 1875. He was a native of (1848-1930) of Milltown on the roughan and Brother Caomhan­ Coolnamara. He became known Kilkenny side of the Barrow and ach, Phibsborough. He took the as Bro. Adrian. He ministered in grand uncle to the present James name Cyprian. He taught in Artane, Manchester, London, Whitty joined the order on Dec. Carlow, Enniscorthy, Clonmel, Carlow and Gibraltar. Later he 9th 1865. He became known as Waterford, Lismore and Doon. became superior in Synge St. Brother Joseph Calasanctius. He became Director in Dingle and Limerick. He did trojan Later he was Superior in and Westport. work in Synge St. He purchased Kilkenny and Thurles and 6 houses and had them fitted up became Superior General in Two brothers Paul Dalton as classrooms. 1905. Many schools were opened (1851 - 1908) and Luke Dalton Much could be written about during his term as Superior (1857 - 1929) also joined the the labours of these five General including Tullamore Christian Brothers. They were Christian Brothers. It suffices to and sixteen in Australia. born in Ballyine and were grand say they were a credit to their t John Kavanagh (1849 -1911) uncles of Michael Dalton. communities wherever they 1 entered the Novitiate of the James Burgess (1857 - 1934) served. Museum Report - continued from page 2 here were closely connected with UDC for the encouragement of printing press of the "Nat_ionalist him and he was the landlord Art (in any form) in the town, & Leinster Times". We were very who presented the Old Assembly many Societies did avail of it glad to be in a position to receive rooms in Dublin St. to house the until a later law was passed and exhibit such an important first Technical School here. A allowing grants to be made for historical object. remark he made during his only the same purpose from the Due to some structural inspection of the premises was Rates. improvements by the U.D.C. our that it would be a model The 0.C.S. hope to exhibit the entrance door is now in a more observatory. Due to the roof majority of his deeds, leases and restricted form, it is only a small being in such a bad state, other legal documents connected complaint however, which we however he went one better by with the family property during will get used to. The main thing getting a law passed through the that week. is that the Museum will continue Dail enabling him to pass on any The most important exhibit to be what we set out to provide, rents from his other properties in which came in at the close of the one of the best amenities which town to be used solely by the year was the original hand- any town would be proud to have. 46 ~e-t °'~~~\~ John McCall P. J. McCall '3-~ Poet and Balladeer Writer and Historian

By E. McDonald

N The townsland of Killa­ next teacher was Moses Loyde log wheeled carts, travel to Dublin I longford, Clonmore in the whom I recollect ordering his with their produce, leave the cart north-east comer of Co. Carlow on citogued son's left hand to be behind and ride home the horses. the Wicklow border, John McCall enclosed in a sort of steel case so Patrick St. was the haunt of was born on the 16th August 1822 that the youngster would only use musicians, singers and storytellers into a family which can be traced his right hand; the next teacher so we can imagine the crack. John to the year 1606 when Riocaird was named Anderson who was McCall loved every minute of it. MacCatmaoil fled from Kinel the amorous youth who displayed John McCall settled intimately Farry in the Co. Tyrone and a liking for the older female pupils. into the life of his adopted city, settled in Killalongford, this is My last preceptor in Clonmore politically he was regarded as a recorded on the family monument school was the astute Charlie strong nationalist, in his early in Clonmore Cemetery. John and McHugh who also was the days he worked for the repeal his six brothers and one sister proprietor of a generous assorted movement. He was elected as were the seventh generation shop convenient, and I, being the Nationalist representative of the descended from Riocaird and in one of his most advanced Wood Quay Ward as a poor law endeavouring to trace the McCall scholars, he repeatedly left me in guardian in the South Dublin family tree we find there are six charge of the school while he went Union in 1880 with an already born of the fifteenth and attended to the more lucrative outstanding turnout of 1498 votes. generation, so it can be job oflooking after his customers. John's literary talent was a understood, the tree has spread So that gives us an idea of what natural follow on from his early quite wide. his schooldays were like. interest in the ordinary people of From early boyhood John his native Clonmore. Their simple showed a love of the folklore and way of life, their love of music, the stories of the area of Clonmore. Two establishments local lore, the fireside gossip, the The amount and the simple in Dublin various occupations and trades of quality of his writing and the families endeavouring to eke recording of local and in later life, John describes in his writings out a living in the locality. He national happenings and how he left home to work with his possessed an instinctive urge to activities are an example of the first cousin Mortimer Byrne who preserve information; how lucky priceless value of keeping a record was son of Michael Byrne of we are to have a readymade record of the past. Without people like Bellshill, Clonmore and had two of our heritage and tradition, McCall our history would be very establishments in Dublin, one at folklore and history. We are vague. In his own handwritten 31 Wexford St. and another in indebted to John McCall for what manuscripts he describes his early Camden St. He was 17 years old he left for posterity and all gratis. school days as follows - I can then in December 1839. He worked His "address to Clonmore" is a recollect when there was no in Mortimer's Grocery & Spirit perfect example. schoolhouse in Clonmore and old shops for 6 years then he went to Pheilim Byrne with nowhere to Beatty in Middle Abbey St. Contributed teach the humble rustics but in the Around this time he received what women's aisle of the quaint old must have been a big setback, he articles parochial chapel and after he had had saved £14 which he invested dismissed them for dinner, at in Cuffe St. Bank, which went He was still in his teens when he noon they were obliged to re­ burst, after a long time he got back contributed several articles to the assemble at one and remain at £7. John worked in several Dublin Journal of Temperance, their studies again until 5 o'clock business houses until March 3rd Science and Literature in 1842 and in the evening, it was in White's 1856 when he bought a grocery 1843 and in 1844 he said he indited his successor's time that the and spirits business at 25 Patrick a few poetical items for The Argus present schoolhouse was built. St. where he carried on a thriving Magazine published by Patrick This teacher was a professor of the business. In 1859 John married O'Donohoe, 44 Garden Lane. In violin on a small scale and often Eliza Mary Newport from 1847 a story of his appeared in the when he had dismissed the more Rathangan in South Co. Wexford: Irish National Guard published unruly of his pupils the remainder of this marriage there were three by John McCormack, Christ were treated to a grand set-to on sons but only one survived Church Place. the floor to the sounds of childhood; we are told John was a Subsequently a serial of his exhilarating music. White was model husband and father and his called Dermott McMurrough's succeeded by a man called Doran home was always open to receive Dream was published by his who very often imbibed too freely friends and everyone was shown brother's paper The Catholic of the neighbouring mountain hospitality. The McCall premises Advocate. In 1851 he indited a dew and, his ire being constantly was a home from home for all the humorous sketch - The Fair of raised, threshed bad and good carters from Clonmore and Shillelagh for the Belfast People's boys alike indiscriminately. The elsewhere; these people used build Journal. The Dublin Commercial 47 Journal and Family Herald does fair justice to John McCall. headstone or monument erected carried regular articles for years. McCall's work on Irish over his grave in Glasnevin at his He corresponded at different times Almanacs written in neat hand is own expense. to the London Gentleman's now in the Manuscript Section of Those who met McCall, we are Journal, to the Budget and the The the National Library M.SS 7953-4. told, were always impressed by his Family Herald, Young Folks and Evans had a small shop in Com natural and unassuming manner. many others, and latterly to the Market, Dublin. He died aged 70 His ability was widely known to a Penny Dispatch and The on 23rd February 1901. large circle of those in Branches of Freeman's Journal. John was editor of Purdon's Historical research. He frequently Among the stories published by Ladies and Farmers and corresponded with Canon The Dublin Journal -The Fatal Mathematical Almanac till 1876. O'Hanlon (whose history of Laois Elopement, A local legend of He commenced editing of Old is being reprinted) and many Clonmore Castle, The Card Moore's Almanac in 1874 and others. He was recognised as Players, Henry Braddle, A true continued in that capacity until he being the greatest source of story of Ballyshane, Matthew died in 1902; in fact he had the information on the 19th century Byrne's Wake and The Castle of 1902 edition nearly complete. He literature and journals of Dublin. Clo nmore. also edited Nugent's Moore's Almanac frotn 1866 until 1878 so Preserved items of History of he had 3 almanacs to contend literary value Clonmore with at the one time. Between 1892 and 1898 John John McCall died on January The Fatal Elopement was McCall published in serial form in 18th 1902 aged 81. He was always copied by some American the Irish Emerald the lives and very keen that old books and Journals and was reproduced in history of many of the poets of journals should be preserved, all The Dublin Standard in 1883 former and present years. One of records, dates, items of every kind without any acknowledgement as these was Matthew Francis of literary value - in fact he to the source of its origin. Hughes who wrote under the presented a huge consignment In addition to all these name of Conencensious and was a after being duplicated to the Royal lighthearted contributions, he Fenian and who had contributed Irish Academy. composed works of a permanent to The Nation and to The An example of enthusiasm, nature. In 1862 he published for Irishman but poor Hughes ended industry and eagerness to Private Circulation, The his days in poverty and John preserve the simple way of life Antiquities and History of Cluain McCall often helped him out and which spumed selfishness, greed, Mor Meadhoc, now Clonmore in eventually Hughes died on 7th spite, and encouraged neighbour­ the County Carlow, a 32 page March 1895 in the Dublin Union. liness and love of the land of our pamphlet. Patrick Kennedy who Shortly after, John McCall had a roots. wrote the Bank of the Horo, Legends of Leinster etc. reviewed this publication in The Ward - P. J. McCall this closely printed pamphlet is Patrick Joseph McCall was From his early days P. J. only procurable by begging or by born in 25 Patrick St., Dublin on McCall showed a literary talent stealing. March 6th 1861 the only inherited from his father: he Kennedy goes on to state the surviving son of John McCall. contributed to all the regular writer of this booklet can be looked His first term at school was at magazines - The Nation, on as a literary curiosity. Its author the Christian Brothers School, Young Ireland, The Shan Ban quits his native village, sits down Synge St., and then at St. Bocht and a lot of others often to the cares and drudgery of this Joseph's Monastery, Harold's under the pen name of old city, visits library, consults Cross. He completed his "Cavellus". archaeologists and books, prints education at Catholic University His first volume of poems the results of his researches and High School, Lower Leeson St., "Irish Noinins" translations from neither receives nor expects one Dublin. He gained a Certificate the Gaelic of poems and ballads penny of his outlay. A labour of of Merit in his first year was published in 1894. In 1899 love. Intermediate Exam in 1879. "Songs of Erin" was compiled. John McCall's interest in He grew up in the midst of That volume was described as Almanacs was interesting. He song and story and all the oral being racy of the soil and collected all the different tradition of the Liberties. unmistakeably Irish. publications intending to publish His third book of songs and a review of the lot but the ballads "Pulse of the Bards" was collection got so large it got out of Holidays in published in 1904. They were hand so he gave the lot to his Co. Wexford described as a pleasure that friend Edward Evans. In 1897 comes from good song, with lilt Evans published under the title Each summer P. J. accom­ in it and heart in it. Histocial and Bibliographical panied his mother and father on "Irish Fireside Songs" Accounts of Almanacs, Directorys holidays in Rathangan, Co. appeared in 1911. Contains etc. etc. published in Ireland from Wexford. His father's holidays historical ballads, love songs the sixteenth century. He never were often very short on account and translations from Gaelic. referred to John McCall good, bad of business calls back home in "The Fenian Nights Entertain­ or indifferent, after all. Dublin. But P.J. loved the ments", a number oflegends told In 1976 Carrig Books published country life among the neat at Wexford Firesides contains a facsimile edition of the original thatched homes, the windmills, with an introduction by Dr. the castles, and the peaceful, Thomas Wall of six pages which rugged beaches of The Cull. • Continued Page 51 48 THE PARISH OF KILLABBAN By John Byrne

HE present Parish of Arles built but a very short distance in Ireland when every priest had T was known in olden times as outside the boundary of the a price on his head. the Parish of Killabban and in townsland of Killabban. At that time Mass could not be fact the district is still referred to Legend tells us that when St. celebrated nor any Catholic as the Parish of Killabban in Abban died the monks of religious services held. Mass most legal documents. Until Adamstown and those of was celebrated in secret, away in very recently the local Killabban decided to fight a the most remote places. There is Protestant Rector was known battle on the borders of Co. one such place which to this day officially as the Rector of Carlow and Co. Kilkenny near is masked by a 'Massbush'. It is Killabban. Graignamanagh and the situated in a field owned by Miss Killabban is derived from the winners would then bury his O'Gorman, the third field on the Gaelic 'Cill Abbain' or the body in their own monastery. left side of the road as one travels Church of Abban. The battle never took place as a from Cullenagh Cross to St. Ab ban was the founder of a monk from Graignamanagh got Ballylinan. monastery at the site where the two coffins, put the Saint's body old abbey ruins now stand in the in one and a weight in the other townsland of Killabban. Those to have them of equal weight. Limestone ruins are situated almost in the Having sealed the coffins he quarries centre of the townsland (they are gave one to each group and sent said to date back to the early them home to bury their coffin sixth century) and are one of the and in this way neither group The building now used by the greatest examples of Medieval would know which one had the local community as a Recreation Architecture, and it is a great actual body. Hall was used as a National pity that they have not been There are many other School from the year it was built better attended to and preserved. historical links with the past - 1847 (the year of the Great around the area. There are the Famine) - until 1949 when the Follower of ruins of the Castles at Shrule present school in Killeen was and Grange which are said to built. The building erected in St. Fiachre have been linked by an 184 7 stands beside the ruins of underground tunnel. These date St. Abban's Abbey. St. Abban himself was a back to pre-Norman times. The farm land in this parish is follower of St. Fiachre (St. Fiac's There are many old graveyards considered to be about the best in successor, Fiacre, was his son) also bearing witness to our Leinster. This is not surprising who had his monastery in Sleaty historical past. Some of those as it has a considerable mass of which is between Knockbeg graveyards such as Shrule and limestone underneath. Evidence College and Graiguecullen. Grange are no longer used. of these deposits of limestone Historians tell us that he Others are only used when some can be seen by the number of founded his monastery at member of the very old locals disused limestone quarries to be Killabban sometime earlier than pass away. Killabban and found in the area. Limestone 575 AD. In the eighth and ninth Tankardstown would be in this from those quarries was used in century the present townsland of category. the making ofroads and erection Killabban was referred to by of building in the whole county historians as the town and city of Laois. of the same name. However the Emigration a only surviving link between now problem In keeping with the historical and that far off age of Saints and background of the parish the Scholars is the ruins of the Like every other area in present inhabitants are noted Abbey. Ireland this parish lost a lot of its for their dedication to the When the community at the sons and daughters to preservation of their heritage monastery in Killabban was emigration. The most notable and to the progressive and flourishing Abban sent one of family involved to our own intelligent utilisation of their his monks, St. Evin, to establish knowledge are the Grace resources, particularly their a monastery where Monasterevin families of Gracefield and farm land to provide for town now stands, while he Sheffield. The Grace family's themselves and families. himself went and established burial vault stands beside the At the time of the Great another monastery at Adams­ present parish church at Arles. Famine a 'soup kitchen' was in town in the Co. Wexford. One of the Grace family existence at Ballinagar House Every Catholic church in this emigrated to America in the now owned by Mrs. Moran, are&- from St. Abban's time early eighteen hundreds and where meals provided for the through the varfous ages and founded the fruit flrm that we poor ofthe area at that time, The troubles have been called the know today as the WR Grace remnants of the huge pots used church of St. Ab ban down to the Corporation. in cooking at that time in the present Church of St. Abban at We have all read about the soup kitchen were still to be seen Killeen. This present church is Penal Days and the Penal Laws at Ballinagar until recently. 49 Another Forty Year Old! The following article under the title "Up and Coming Carlow Group" appeared in a compendium of items and information about amateur drama published about thirty years ago by Harper's Ltd., College Green, Dublin and printed at Herald Works, Boyle, Co. Roscommon. It was given to me some years ago without a cover, so I suspect the title may be the same as the opening words in the foreword "Curtain Call!" Besides articles on groups from all over the country, the book also contains contributions by Gabriel Fallon, Lennox Robinson, Michael O hAodha and Ria Mooney inter alia. Source: Seamus O'Rourke

Master dramatist G.B.S. helps cut their losses Up-and-Coming Carlow Group ARLOW Little Theatre little Club as any Society could Although she has very little CSociety was launched in wish to have. Every night, spare time from her duties as 1945. The membership was 30; it members can be found there, producer at the Abbey Theatre, now stands at 200. rehearsing, reading scripts, she always spares a weekend to The Society had no funds, no helping on the renovations, or come down to advise, criticise, premises in which to rehearse, merely sitting around relaxing and mould the caste into a no suitable hall in which to stage in the pleasant atmosphere of smooth-moving team, before its productions. The annual good fellowship which has been each play is staged. subscription was fixed at 5/-, to such a feature of the Society Besides the invaluable aid ensure that nobody wishing to since the start. given by Miss Mooney, the join would be debarred from Since its inception, the Society Society has arranged lectures to membership on the grounds of a has produced at least one three­ its members by Walter Macken, restrictive fee. It was found, act play each year and several Ronald Ibbs, Brendan Smith, however, that it would be one-act plays each season. It Gabriel Fallon, Anew McMaster, impossible to develop on such a encourages impromptu readings Maurice O'Brien, D. D. Franks. slight income, and members of sketches to accustom In co-operation with the decided to raise the subscription members without stage exper­ Carlow Arts Council and Carlow to 10/-, at which figure it now ience to the "feel" of acting, and Vocational Education Comm­ stands. encourages members to produce ittee, the Society arranged two one-act plays, with the dual R.D.S. Lectures by Roger A room in the old Christian purpose of discovering new McHugh on the Theatre in Brother School was made acting talent, and new 1953/'54. These were open to the available through the kindness producers. public, and drew large audiences. of Very Rev. D. B. Kennedy, These plays are produced in Besides presenting their plays Adm., and Rev. N. Cullen, C.C., public and are seen by an invited in Carlow, where they drew Graiguecullen, allowed the audience of members and their overflow audiences to the members the use of St. Fiac's friends. No charge is made for Coliseum Cinema, the members Hall at production times to admission, and audiences of 300 have toured to Athy, Tullow accustom the Players to actual or more are the norm. and Bagenalstown, where they stage conditions. Among its productions to date have been given enthusiastic The ideal before the Society are "Shadow and Substance'', receptions. Members have also from the start was to acquire "Gaslight", "Juno and the co-operated with Macra na premises of its own, and Paycock", "The Rugged Path", Feirme in supplying Adjudica­ ultimately to build its own Little "The Whip Hand", "Home is the tors for the Macra Drama Theatre. In 1951, the Society Hero", "Pygmalion", "Arsenic Competitions. acquired a house in Brown and Old Lace". A real Theatre to act in was Street, which had deteriorated For its Tostal production this provided last year when the from a Georgian town house to year, Myles na Gopaleen's play, Town Hall was completely be a tenement, and had at last "Faustus Kelly", was chosen. modernised and Carlow can now been condemned as unfit for A turning point in the boast as well-equipped Auditor­ human habitation. A Bank Society's development was the ium as any in Ireland. overdraft of £150 was secured coming of Miss Ria Mooney a The Society still hankers for and the Society entered few years ago to advise the its own Little Theatre, however, occupation. members on production and where it can experiment to its Working parties of members acting technique. heart's content. To this end, it were formed. Floors were She gave a completely new has purchased over a hundred repaired, windows fitted, walls orientation to their methods and tip-up seats, it has a stage made sound, ceilings re­ aims. They admit frankly that lighting set built by the plastered, the premises wired for anything they know of acting electrically-minded among the electricity. and production they have members which is equal to The work is still going on, and learned from this dynamic and anything available in any the premises are now as cosy a gracious lady. professional Theatre; and it has 50 a wide range of stage equipment, go-ahead town. premises, which members may including sets designed on the Much of this success is due to consult. most up-to-date principles the vital core of pioneers who The Committee consists of six Carlow is fortunate in the fact have given so freely of their time, members elected annually, and that G.B.S., in memory of his energy, and ability to make it the three Trustees elected for life. family associations with the success it now is. They, in their The present Committee is: town, left some property to the turn, have avoided the mistake President: W. L. Duggan, Esq., U.D.C., the income of which was of allowing the Society to (Trustee); Vice-Preisdent: to be used for projects of public degenerate into the preserve of a Terence Moran, Esq., (Trustee); benefit which could not be coterie or of any particular Hon. Secretary: Miss Joan financed out of the rates. section of the community. Flynn, N.T.; Hon. Treasurer: Two years ago, the County The Society is truly democratic, Thomas Timmins, Esq. Manager invited the various having among its members a Committee: Mrs. Greta Maher, cultural bodies in the town to true cross-section of all the Miss Kay O'Connor, N.T.; Leo form an Arts Council to advise elements interested in Drama, Murphy, Esq., (Trustee); Martin him on the spending of these whether as performers or O'Hanlon, Esq.; Michael Flynn, funds. In the event of a loss, the patrons. Esq. Little Theatre Society may now It has produced actors and The Society, in memory of apply for a grant from this Civic actresses of outstanding ability, Shaw's association with the Fund, and this gives a degree of but they have no desire to town (to which he also donated independence not enjoyed by monopolise the productions. the Technical School building) many similar societies. Each play sees some new talent produced his "Pygmalion" as The Society has thus come, in being introduced, and in this their Tostal offering last Easter. less than ten years, from a state way the growth of its acting The old Sage looks quizzically of obscurity and uncertainty, to potential is ensured. down from his portrait in the be one of the most active, Nor is the creative element Society's Common Room, and if progressive, and prosperous in ignored. Two members have he were alive would feel, no the country. It is a source of pride written One-Act-Plays which the doubt, that he had been able to to the people of Carlow, and is Society intend to produce. There help the people of this thriving regarded as one of the greatest is besides, a sizeable library on Midland Town in a work dear to cultural assets of this lively and the Drama in the Society's his heart. The McCalls - continued from page 48 local phrases, words of Fort and Wood Quay Ward and continued He often visited Killalongford, Bargy. as such for 15 years. There was especially in his early years. P. J. also attributed much of great banter and friendly Hence some of his ballads are of his success to his membership of arguments between himself and local interest "Down by Seskin the "Pan Celtic Society" founded his father. His father, as member Glen", "Old Peadar Carthy from in Dublin on 1st March 1888. He of the Board of Guardians, Clonmore". ''The Dance at contributed several papers such complaining that the Corpora­ Marley" is another poem of as "Leinster Localisms" and in tion was stingy with money to Carlow, also "Follow me up to "The Shadows of St. Patricks" help the poor and the son saying Carlow". which was re-published in 1976 the Guardians were spend­ P .J. retired from business in 25 with an introduction by Dr. thrifts and spending the money Patrick St. in 1918 to a house in Thomas W 1;1.ll. He also foolishly. Sutton but his health failed and contributed an interesting paper The Corporation Election of he died March 5th 1919. His wife on "Irish Mumming Plays" also 1902 was interesting one of the Margaret died in 1944. "Irish Folklore Riddles". candidates opposing P. J. was We are proud of P. J. McCall On March 26th 1899 P. J. gave James Connolly, one of the 1916 and men like him who have a lecture entitled "In the leaders. He was representing the portrayed the true Irish Shadows of Christ Church"; Irish labourers of Dublin and qualities. One remarkable thing "Irish Street Ballads" was The Irish Socialist Republican about P. J. in everything he another subject for a paper to the Party. composed - it was about society. McCall had a resounding something he knew; everything He was a founder member of victory - 1,425 to 341 for was fact. There was nothing the Gaelic League on 4th August Connolly. imaginary or make-believe. 1893 which elected Dr. Douglas Even after his father's death Each one is a story - a mine of Hyde as President. P.J. married P. J. and his wife continued their history compacted into each Miss Margaret Furlong on annual holidays in Rathangan. ballad. October 3 1900. They had no Life would not be complete We are roused each time we family. His wife's sister Alice without a holiday in the hear one of his stirring songs Furlong was a gifted poetess and countryside - daily he would and it helps us realise the storywriter. Margaret fitted in take his fiddle and eatables and sacrifices and suffering of perfectly with the McCall journey down to the quiet beach The brave sons who died invironment in Patrick St. It of The Cull and read, play and For the cause of long down continued to be an open house compose poems and ballads. He trodden man. for historians, musicians, artists always mixed in with the people P. J. is remembered in and scholars. during their daily chores - the Rathangan, Co. Wexford with P. J. was persuaded by friends threshings, their journeys to the an annual Eigse where a granite to enter public life. And in 1896 mill, met them at the pumps for memorial is at the cottage where he was elected councillor for water. he spent all his holidays. 51 Secretary's Report

N its 40th year, the Old Carlow enthusiastic and were winning A.G.M. I Society is still going strong. fame for themselves and the club The a.g.m. was held on Although we regrettably lost some at home and abroad. Thursday, May 1. valuable members owing to death On December 12, Mr. William As Chairperson, Mrs. Veronica during the year, our membership Ellis gave a most interesting talk Crombie was a on a visit to the is very satisfactory as quite a good on that famous Leighlinbridge USA. Vice-Chairman Alec Bums number of new members joined. man, Cardinal Moran. He detailed presided. In his address Mr. Bums We had a particularly fine series of the Cardinal's career when he was paid tribute to Eire Og Football lectures which were well attended. Bishop of Ossory and the tributes Club who had produced the Our Summer outings attracted paid to him on leaving Kilkenny journal "Friends and Neighbours". huge numbers. Mr. and Mrs. for Australia. There, Cardinal He said it showed what an amount Holden are to be congratulated on Moran became a national figure of local information can be fitting in people who were anxious and did wonderful work for the collected by a group of young to go on the outings. All those who religious and secular welfare of people. The same was evident went expressed themselves very the inhabitants of his adopted from the Heritage Exhibition pleased with the various places we country. At the same time he organised for schools by the LC.A. visited. We were very happy with continued to take a deep interest in Mr. Bums said it would be a good the ready sales we got for affairs back home in Ireland. The thing if all those young people "Carloviana". Many people look talk was interspersed with a fine were organised to form a youth forward to the publication of the selection of slides. After the talk on section of the Old Carlow Society. journal to send to their friends Cardinal Moran, Mr. Ellis showed Tributes were paid to the abroad. a number of slides which he, Treasurer, Mrs. Mona Fenlon, on We are very anxious to establish himself, took of well-known and the very satisfactory financial a youth section of the OCS. It is lesser known places throughout position of the Society and to the most important that the work of Co. Carlow. All present were Editor, Mr. Tomas MacGabhann the Society is carried on into future impressed with the photographic on the excellence of the 33rd years and it is the youth of today excellence of the slides. edition of "Carloviana". who will have to shoulder that On February 20, 1986, Mr. Suggestions for the Summer responsibility. The entries to the outings were discussed and ICA Heritage Competition William White gave a really delightful talk on his native arrangements were left to the showed what excellent work incoming Committee. young people can do in the field of Clonegal. His listeners were amazed at the amount of The Officers and Committee local history. So, it is up to us to elected for 1986-'87 appear on bring them together in our Society. information he had accumulated about that area. He dealt with the another page. Talks history of the district and the Outings The first talk of the Winter social life of its people. Mr. White Tullow: On Thursday evening, session entitled "An examination said that it was a pity more was May 22, we had an enjoyable of some place names in Co. not done to develop such places as outing to Tullow. First to be visited Carlow" was given by Mr. Seamus Clonegal and other districts in was the Museum, which has Murphy on October 24, 1985. In South Carlow as tourist recently been opened. We were his talk, Mr. Murphy showed the attractions as they compared agreeably surprised at the number connection between the old Irish favourably with Killarney, of interesting artefacts that have names of places with some Wicklow, Connemara and other already been assembled. We were physical feature, building, or more publicised areas. particularly interested in the person in that area. A visit to these The March lecture had to be exhibits dealing with Fr. John places will show how suitable unavoidably postponed to April 10 Murphy, executed in Tullow in these place-names were. From the when Mr. David Johnson, 1798. The Tullowphelim Historical Anglised forms it is often very Inspector of National Monuments Society are to be congratulated on difficult to recognise the old name. with the Board of Works, gave a their Museum. On November 21, Mr. W. L. most interesting talk entitled Duggan gave a talk on Carlow "Irish Castles". An expert in his Next, we went to St. Columba's Rowing Club. Mr. Duggan had a subject, Mr.Johnson gave a really Church of Ireland where Mr. W. life-long connection with the CRC wonderful description of castles in Patton gave a most interesting and was for very many years its all parts of Ireland. With a history of a very beautiful president. In his talk, he traced the particularly fine series of slides he building. history of the club from its showed the development of castles Finally, the site of the ancient foundation in 1859. He dealt from the earliest times and drew monastery was visited. Mr. Pat especially with noted members of attention to characteristics in Darcy gave an account of the old the club down the years and various buildings. His talk was an Abbey, remains of which have outstanding successes in regattas educational treat as he compared almost disappeared. in Ireland and overseas. As an old and contrasted castles in various Turlough Hill: On Sunday, member, he said he was delighted areas and at different periods. His June 8, we had an afternoon that in 1986 there was such a large talk was a delightful finale to a outing to the ESB Pumped membership and that the present particularly fine series of Winter Storage Scheme at Turlough Hill, youth of Carlow were so lectures. Co. Wicklow. We marvelled at the 52 amount of work that must have Mullingar: On Sunday Museum been required to construct such a afternoon, August 10, we went to The Museum continued to wonderful project. It was certainly Mullingar, Co. Westmeath. Mr. attract hundreds of visitors. It was a great engineering feat. Dick Hogan, Vice-Chairman of particularly pleasing the number The Official guide and the Westmeath Archaeological and of school groups from Carlow and working model of the Scheme Historical Society and Editor of the whole county who visited the helped us to understand how the Topic Newspapers acted as our Museum. These young people intricate scheme functioned. We guide. He first showed us over the delighted in telling where they left Turlough Hill feeling proud of magnificent Belvedere House, had seen similar artefacts as those our engineers. delightfully overlooking Lough they saw in the Museum. Many of We later visited Avondale Ennel. He gave a fascinating them, too, were very interested as House, the residence of the great account of how the mansion was they had mini museums in their patriot, Charles Stewart Parnell. built and of the people who were own schools. We are glad that the The various exhibits were most connected with it down the years. Museum idea is spreading. We interesting and the beautiful were fortunate to secure the grounds are delightful. Next, we visited the imposing Cathedral of Christ The King, in a services of Mr. Oliver Dooley, St. Waterford: On Sunday, June Killian's Crescent, under the 22, we had a full day outing to Co. very prominent position in the centre of the town. It is well worth Social Employment Scheme. He Waterford. In Waterford city, Mr. took a real interest in the Museum Noel Cassidy of the Old Waterford seeing. An unusual feature of the building is a lovely Museum where and kept it in immaculate Society was an excellent guide. We. condition. visited Reginald's Tower and all artefacts pertaining to the new the historic buildings in that part Cathedral and the building which Exhibition of the city. In Tramore, we were preceded it, were tastefully The Irish Countrywomen's met by Mr. Patrick Kennedy of displayed. From the Cathedral we Association in connection with Dungarvan, who gave a most went to Mullingar Museum. It is their 75th Anniversary, organised interesting account of all the very spacious and all the exhibits a competition for schools entitled places along the Coast Road to· are nicely arranged in the various "Our Heritage". There were two Dungarvan. There, we visited the categories. sections - under 15 years and wonderful Shell House. We were Sleaty: An outing was under 18. There was a marvellous intrigued how artistically the arranged for Sunday, August 24, response. There were 45 entries various shells were used in the to Sleaty, Killabban and Athy. and they were of an extremely garden and on all the beautiful Unfortunately, there were other high standard. The adjudicators articles in the house. Our next stop attractions on that day and the (three members of the OCS) had was in Lismore where we visited bookings were so small the outing great difficulty in deciding the the lovely Church of Ireland had, regrettably, to be cancelled. winners. The presentation of Cathedral. The Rector very kindly awards took place in the Museum gave us the history of the building. Kilmainham: The final outing on May 3 before a representative Passing by the magnificent of the season was to Kilmainham, audience, including His Lordship, Lismore Castle, we travelled on Dublin. First, we visited the Most Rev. Dr. Lennon. All the through the beautiful countryside historic Kilmainham Jail. An entries were on display in the to the Cistercian Monastery at excellent guide took the party to Museum for the following week Mount Mellary. Driving there was the various cells where famous and were much admired. rather difficult as large numbers patriots were imprisoned, and to of people had come to a grotto near the yards where the Invincibles Carloviana Mount Mellary where it was and the Men of 1916 were The 33rd edition of Carloviana reported a statue was seen to executed. On our tour of the prison, was much appreciated by the move. We were very impressed he pointed out the various reading public and as a result was with the peace and quietness of precautions that were taken to bought up very quickly. It was in the monastery and to see and hear ensure that no prisoner could great demand, especially at the monks at their evening escape and how dreadful it must Christmas, to be sent to prayers. All regretted that there have been with no heat or light in Carlovians in all parts of the was not more time to spend in that the cells. We were particularly world. hallowed spot. From Mellary we interested in the Museum. Those The Editor, Tomas MacGabhann, journeyed on via the celebrated who arranged the various exhibits deserves to be congratulated on Vee Route to Clonmel where we deserve to be congratulated. such an excellent production. had high tea in the Hotel Minella. Finally, we saw the Chapel which Obituary On our homeward journey we was most impressive. regretted that we could not stop at The Great Reaper claimed From the Jail we went to The many of our members during the the old home of Brother Ignatius Royal Hospital which has Rice in Callan. year. On December 3 Bernard recently been opened after a Crombie of Pembroke passed to Castletown House: On the thorough renovation. It is a really his Eternal Reward. He was a afternoon of Sunday, July 13, we wonderful building and will be a valued member who rarely missed went to Castletown House, fine setting for future functions. a lecture or an outing. Celbridge, Co. Kildare. We were all All our members enjoyed the On March 6 we were shocked at pleased with the imposing description of the various sections the sudden death of Mary mansion. An excellent guide of the building given by a most Coughlan, Montgomery Street. condus;ted the party around the efficient guide. They also enjoyed She was a most energetic member, various rooms. Unfortunately, the musical and dancing items especially on flag days and heavy rain prevented us from given by very talented groups. The similar activities. exploring the well-kept and only regret was that we had not spacious grounds. more time in Kilmainham. • Continued on Page 55 53 Officers and Members of the Old Carlow Society 1986/87 President Ellis, William, Burrin Street, Carlow. His Lordship Most Rev. Dr. Patrick Lennon, Bishop of Kildare & Leighlin. Farrer, Noel, Dunroe, Borris, Co. Carlow. Fenlon, Mrs. Mona, "Riverville", Montgomery Street, Carlow. Life Vice-Presidents Fennell, Mrs. Eileen, Chapelstown, Carlow. Mr. Liam D. Bergin. FitzGerald, George, Hanover, Carlow. Mr. Alec Bums. FitzMaurice, Mrs. B., Laurel Lodge, Carlow. Flood, Mrs. M., Knock, Ballymurphy, Co. Carlow. Chairperson Flood, Miss Mary, Knock, Ballymurphy, Co. Carlow. Mrs. Veronica Crombie. Flynn, Miss B., Burrin Street, Carlow.

Vice-Chairman Geoghegan, Mrs. Rita, 16 Riverside, Carlow. Alec Bums. Govemey, Francis, Pollerton, Carlow. Greco!, John, 17210 Dartmouth A venue, N. W. Cleveland, Secretary Ohio, 4411 U.S.A. Sean O'Leary. Hade, Miss P., Castle Street, Carlow. Treasurer Harding, Rev. B., St. John's, Kilkenny. Mrs. Mona Fenlon. Haughney, Eamon, Pollerton Road, Carlow. Hayden, Miss Margaret, Old Leighlin, Co. Carlow. Editor Healy, Pat, Pollerton Castle, Carlow. Tomas MacGabhann. Healy, R., College Street, Carlow. Herriot, Miss Kathleen, Bagenalstown, Co. Carlow. COMMITTEE Hickey, Miss Helen, Bolton Hill, Moone, Co. Kildare. Miss D. Coughlan, Mrs. M. Holden, Miss I. MacLeod, Mrs. P. Hodges, Mr. Charlie, 48 Queen Victoria Road, Claremont, S. Maddock, Mrs. E. Maguire, Mrs. J. O'Neill, Messrs. P. Darcy, Africa. H. Dolan, M. Holden, E. McDonald, M. Murphy, S. Murphy. Holden, Michael & Sheila, Tullow Street, Carlow. Horohan, Mrs. M., Coolan0wle, Ballickmoyler, Carlow. Delegates to the Historical Advisory Committee of Carlow Howard, Rev. Bro., C.B.S. Athy, Co. Kildare. County Council Alec Bums, William Ellis. Jordan, Mrs. M., St. Mary's Park, Carlow. Jordan, Mrs., 9 Roncalli Place, Carlow. Museum Committee A. Bums, Miss D. Coughlan, P. Darcy, J. Moran, S. Murphy. Kavanagh, Peter, Main Street, Borris, Co. Carlow. Keane, Mrs. Ethel, John Street, Carlow. MEMBERS Kearney, Misses A. & M., Green Road, Carlow. Alcock, Noel, 46 Staunton Avenue, Graiguecullen, Carlow. Keating, William & Mrs., McGamhna Road, Carlow. Boyce, M. J., Braganza, Carlow. Kennedy, Kevin & Mrs., 6 Oakley Park, Graiguecullen, Carlow. Brady, Mrs. B., Beann Ard, Borris, Co. Carlow. Keyes, Miss B., 178 Duggan Avenue, Graiguecullen, Carlow. Brennan, Michael & Mrs., 2 Burrin Road, Carlow. Brennan, Mrs., St. Lazerian's, Graiguecullen, Carlow. Lennon, Mrs. M., Tullow Street, Carlow. Brennan, Mrs., Kilcoltrim, Borris, Co. Carlow. Lillis, Major General James, 2 Wynberg Park, Blackrock, Co. Brooks, W. & Mrs., "Highfield", Dublin Road, Carlow. Dublin. Brophy, Edward, 1 Sycamore Road, Rathnapish, Carlow. Lillis, T. J. & Mrs., Lumclone House, Fenagh, Co. Carlow. Bums, Alec, College Street, Carlow. Little, Lazerian & Mrs., Strawhall, Carlow. Bums, C. & J., "Malasha", Killeshin Road, Carlow. Lyons, Paul & Carmel, Oak Park, Carlow. Byrne, Mrs. A., Barrack Street, Carlow. Byrne, Rev. J., St. Patrick's College, Carlow. McDonald, Mrs. A., Little Barrack Street, Carlow. Byrne, Larry, Bahanna, St. Mullins, Co. Carlow. McDonald, Edward, Clonmore, Hacketstown, Co. Carlow. Byrne, Mrs. Mary, Friary Lane, Castledermot Road, Carlow. McDonnell, Mrs. Carmel, "Bamagree", Tullow Road, Carlow. McKenna, Mrs. E., 205 Fr. Maher Road, Graiguecullen, Carr, Pius & Jo, Crossneen, Carlow. Carlow. Coen, Mrs. S., 16, Braganza, Carlow. McLoughlin, Mrs. Alice, "Melrose", Tramore, Co. Waterford. Connolly, Mrs. T., Ballyfoyle, Maganey, Co. Kildare. MacLeod, Miss Iona, Braganza, Carlow. Conroy, Mrs., St. Mary's Park, Carlow. MacSuibhne, Rev. Sean, Liturgical Institute, St. Patrick's Corcoran, Mrs. B., 132 J.K.L. Avenue, Carlow. College, Carlow. Coughlan, Miss D., Montgomery Street, Carlow. Maddock, Patrick & Mrs., 173 Fr. Maher Road, Graiguecullen, Crombie, Mrs. V., Pembroke, Carlow. Carlow. Cummins, Mrs. J., Dublin Road, Carlow. Maguire, Mrs. E., Dublin Road, Carlow. Cunnane, Very Rev. Canon James, Our Lady of the Taper Minchin, Mrs. Margaret, Coolnacuppogue, Corries, Church, Cardigan. Bagenalstown, Co. Carlow. Monahan, Michael, 4 St. Fiaac's Terrace, Graiguecullen, Darcy, John, Kilmeaney, Tinryland, Carlow. Carlow. Darcy, Pat, Newstown, Ardattin, Co. Carlow. Monahan, Patrick, Tullowbeg, Tullow, Co. Carlow. Dempsey, Randal & Mrs., Braganza, Carlow. Moran, James, Burrin Street, Carlow. Dolan, Hugh, 35 Oakley Park, Tullow Road, Carlow. Mulhall, Miss Mary, Elm Cottage, Chapelstown, Carlow. Dooley, Anthony & Phil, 63 Highfield, Carlow. Mulvey, Mrs. Kathleen Caldwell Ave., Middle Village 11379 Dooley Family, 14 St. Killian's Crescent, Carlow. New York, U.S.A. Doran, Alan & Angela, Leighlinbridge, Co. Carlow. Murphy, Moses, "Slievedurda", Borris, Co. Carlow. Doran, Peter, Rathana, Borris, Co. Carlow. Murphy, Miss Nora, 10 Woodlawns, Borris, Co. Carlow. Doyle, P. M., Newtown, Borris, Co. Carlow. Murphy, Ms. Rose, Kennedy Street, Carlow. Doyle, Mrs. C., Sycamore Road, Rathnapish, Carlow. Murphy, Seamus & Mrs., Pollerton Little, Carlow. Doyle, Mrs. Kathleen, The Green, Castledermot, Co. Kildare. Murphy, Simon, Ballybeg, Borris, Co. Carlow. Doyle, Kevin, 54 Dereen Heights, Tullow Road, Carlow. Murray, Aidan & Madge, 25 Dublin Street, Carlow. Doyle, Miss Nellie, Granby Row, Carlow. Doyle, Peadar & Ita, Maryboro Street, Graiguecullen, Carlow. Nevin, Martin, Leighlinbridge, Co. Carlow. Doyle, Thomas, Courtnellan, Borris, Co. Carlow. Nolan, Mrs. Brendan, Burrin Street, Carlow. Duggan, W. L. & K., College Street, Carlow. Nolan, Miss Chrissie, Burrin Street, Carlow. 54 Secretary's Report "Bullets" Sir, • Continued from Page 53 members, they scarcely ever missed an outing. As your truly useful paper has I bhFlaitheas De go raibh siad been the means of suppressing On July 27 a devoted member, uile. fraud and vice of various kinds Pet.er Gaffney of Green Road, met in this neighbourhood, I beg his death in a tragic accident at Thanks leave to turn your attention to the Railway Station. In conclusion, I should like to the practice of playing "bullets" On September 23 the Grand Old thank our sponsors who made it on the public roads leading to Lady of the Society, Mary Teresa possible to produce this enlarged this town, which has existed for Kelly ofThe Stream, passed away. edition of "Carloviana" to a length of time, to the great A member almost since its celebrate the 40th Anniversary of danger and annoyance of inception, she held every position the founding of the Old Carlow passengers. I expect the in the Society and was a Society. A sincere word of thanks Magistracy would long e'er this recognised authority on the also to those good people who have interfered and put a stop to history of Carlow. distributed circulars for me it, as there is an Act of In addition to the above, two throughout the year and to The Parliament against such people - Sr. Benedict, Brigidine Nationalist who at all times give amusements. Convent, Tullow; and Mrs. Connie excellent publicity to the activities An Inhabitant. Kelly, New Oak Estate, both died of the OCS. unexpectedly. Although not October 11, 1986 Sean O'Leary. Carlow Morning Post 13/8/1818 Members - continued ~olan, J. J., 27 East Court Street, Iowa City, U.S.A. Patterson, Mrs. Kathleen, Mountain View, Borris, Co. Carlow. ~olan, Mrs. K., 32 Kernanstown, Bennekerry, Co. Carlow. Piggot, D., Essex, England. ~olan, Martin, Ballyfoyle, Dunmore, Co. Kilkenny. Proctor, Ms. Mary, Clonmore, Killeshin, Carlow. Purcell, Michael, Kennedy Street, Carlow.

O'Broin, An tAthair Breandan, Colaiste an Cnoic Bhig, Ratusky, Mrs. M., Montgomery Street, Carlow. Ceatharloch. Redmond, Mrs. C., "Silverdale", Crossneen, Carlow. O'Connell, Michael, Lacken, Borris, Co. Carlow. Redmond, Thomas J. & Family, Bullock Park, Carlow. O'Connor, Mrs. E., Borris, Co. Carlow. Rice, Mrs. M., Borris, Co. Carlow. O'Dea, P. & Mrs., Killeshin Road, Carlow. Rossiter, Mrs., 6 Roncalli Avenue, Carlow. O'Hara, Mrs. Ann, Frederick Avenue, Carlow. O'Keeffe, Mrs. M. St. Killian's Crescent, Carlow. Shaughnessy, Miss Breda, Railway Terrace, Borris, Co. Carlow. O'Leary, Angela, "Ams na Greine", Montgomery Street, Sheehan, Miss Eileen, 119 Upperfield Road, Welwyn Garden Carlow. City, Herts, England. O'Leary, John F., 9 Brown Street, Carlow. Sheehan, Richard, Box 353M Morristown, New Jersey 07960 O'Leary, Maria, "Ams na Greine", Montgomery Street, U.S.A. Carlow. Slater, Val, 39 Sycamore Road, Rathnapish, Carlow. O'Leary, Paula, "Ams na Greine", Montgomery Street, Smyth, Miss Mary, Sleaty, Carlow. Carlow. Smyth, Thomas, Sleaty, Carlow. O'Leary, Maria, "Ams na Greine", Montgomery Street, Carlow. Treacy, Miss Eileen, College Street, Carlow. Oliver, Miss B., Dublin Street, Carlow. Oliver, James & Mrs., "Carraig Rua", Kilkenny Road, Carlow. Walsh, Mrs. B. Glass House, Borris, Co. Carlow. Olvier, Richard J., 1024 Fox River Drive, De Pere, Wis. 54115. Walsh, Philip, 115 Lakelands, Naas, Co. Kildare. Oliver, Sr., Presentation Convent, Carlow. Weekes, Rev. C. M., The Glebe, Urglin, Carlow. O'Meara, David, Little Sark, Ansford, Castle Cary, Somerset Murphy, Miss Mary, Knockymulgurry, Ballymurphy, Carlow. BA7 7PD, England. O'~eill, John & Mrs., "Broomvilla", Ardattin, Co. Carlow. O'Connell, Miss Maureen, Lacken House, Borris, Co. Carlow. O'~eill, Miss Mary, 167 Colclough Avenue, Graiguecullen, Tyrell, Miss Patricia, Main St., Borris, Co. Carlow. Carlow. Bayliss, Mrs. P., S6A, C13, RR5, Vernon, British Columbia, O'Shea, Rev. P., Geashill, Offaly. Canada.

SPONSORS KENNEDY'S LOUNGE BAR Eat and Drink in our comfortable lounges and bar. RYAN'S FOODMARKET Home Baking. Very special take-away rates for your Christmas drinks. STAPLESTOWN ROAD, CARLOW Room available for parties and meetings. Open 7 days. Coal and Briquettes available 54, TULLOW ST., CARLOW. Phone (0503) 31518

DUNNE'S HEGARTY'S SUPERMARKET Newsagent and Grocery TULLOW ROAD, CARLOW DUBLIN ROAD, CARLOW Newsagent, Grocery, Meat, Gas

, SAM MOORE & SONS LTD . H. WILLIAMS SUPERMARKET . TULLOW ROAD, CARLOW. (0503) 31391 TULLOW ROAD, CARLOW Honda, Peugeot Main Dealers "You'll notice the changes"

55 SPONSORS MACS McKENNA & SOTHERN LTD., M.I.A.V.I. Menswear, Dress Hire Auctioneers, Valuers, Insurance Brokers 6, TULLOW ST., CARLOW. Phone 31555 37, DUBLIN ST., CARLOW. Phone (0503) 31218 All the best in Menswear District Office: Irish Nationwide Building Society

PRESCRIPTION SPECIALISTS FLY ON TO A. CORLESS M.P.S.I., Ph.C. O'CONNOR'S GREEN DRAKE INN, BORRIS Pharmacist - Optician Lounge and Restaurant - Lunches and Evening Meals 44, DUBLIN ST., CARLOW. Phone 31734 Weddings and Parties catered for

CARLOW ROWING CLUB IRISH PERMANENT BUILDING SOCIETY FOUNDED 1859 22/23 TULLOW STREET, CARLOW Youth of Carlow/Graiguecullen Phone(0503)43025/43690 always welcome Seamus Walker - Manager Carlow

EDUCATIONAL BUILDING SOCIETY FIRST NATIONAL BUILDING SOCIETY 3, BURRIN ARCADE, CARLOW CASTLE STREET CORNER, CARLOW Phone(0503)42203/42579 Phone(0503)42925 Michael Garvan - Branch Manager Con O'Neill - Branch Manager

JOHN BRENNAN & CO. LTD. MULLARKEY INSURANCES BACON CURERS, CARLOW COURT PLACE, CARLOW Phone(0503)31710 Tel. No. (0503) 42295/42920 Ask for Brennan's Pork Sausages General Insurance - Life & Pensions - Investment Bonds

GIFTS GALORE FROM JONES BUSINESS SYSTEMS BURRIN ST., CARLOW. Phone (0503) 32595 GILLESPI ES KENNEDY AVENUE, CARLOW Cash Registers, Photo Copier, Office Supplies Phone(0503)31647/42451

CARLOW PRINTING CO. DEVOY'S GARAGE LTD. STRAWHALL INDUSTRIAL ESTATE, CARLOW TULLOW ROAD, CARLOW Phone(0503)31512 Opel Dealers, Oil Distributors For all your printing requirements Tel. (0503) 31303

THOMAS M. BYRNE & SON KNOCKBEG COLLEGE, CARLOW Auctioneers, Valuers & Estate Agents BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL FOR BOYS 15, DUBLIN STREET, CARLOW Phone(0503)31853/31030/31008 Phone(0503)42127

STATHAM SHERIDAN LTD. CARLOW SERVICE STATION COURT PLACE, CARLOW GREEN LANE. Phone (0503) 42861. Proprietors: F. & B. Mulvey Phone (0503) 31665. Telex 24695 Open Hours: Mon.-Sat., 7 a.m.-11 p.m. Sun., 8 a.m.-10 p.m. Also at Dublin and Waterford Cigarettes, Sweets, Cones, Minerals, Groceries

UNITED DOMINIONS TRUST O'CONNOR$ NEWSAGENTS 54, DUBLIN ST., CARLOW Phone (0503) 31576. Telex 33006 Papers, Magazines, Cards, Toys Frank Nolan - Manager TULLOW STREET HOUSE, CARLOW

TRUSTEE SAVINGS BANK SHEEHY BROS. 55, TULLOW ST., CARLOW GREEN LANE, CARLOW Phone(0503)32253 Dealers for Volkswagen, Audi, Mercedes and Mazda cars John Lidierth - Branch Manager New and used. Phone (0503) 31047

JAMES DEMPSEY HARDWARE LTD. JOHN PHELAN & SON (Carlow) LTD. 87, TULLOW ST., CARLOW. Building Contractors and Joinery Works Phone(0503)41644/41048 54-56 BURRIN STREET, CARLOW For all your Building Supplies and General Hardware Phone(0503)31539 REDD Y'S F. ROBINSON & SONS Bar, Lounge and Restaurant- 67, TULLOW ST., CARLOW. Buyers and sellers of high-class new and secondhand Furniture Phone 42224. Lunches from 12.30. and Floor Coverings - Fitted Carpets a speciality Licensed Restaurant from 5.30. Parties catered for BURRIN STREET, CARLOW. Tel. (0503) 31652

ENDEERING FLOWERS LAMBERTS TULLOW STREET HOUSE Newspapers, Weekly Magazines, Periodicals, Phone 43509 Fancy Goods and Stationery lnterflora Agents DUBLIN STREET, CARLOW. Tel. (0503) 31921

QUINNSWORTH SUPERMARKET BYRNE'S ELECTRICAL KENNEDY AVENUE, T. V. Sales and Rental, Video and Hi-Fi CARLOW 70 BURRIN STREET, CARLOW. Phone (0503) 31770 ~ HACKETSTOWN. Phone (0508) 71124 CARLOW CURTAIN CENTRE CROTTYS 10 MONTGOMERY ST., CARLOW. Phone 43483 BAKERIES, CARLOW Specialists in Covering Eiderdowns, Upholstery, High Class Bakers of Fancy Breads and Loose Covers, Bedspreads, Pelmets, Curtains Confectionery 56 SPON~ORS

SHAWS HERRIOT BOOKS CARLOW'S LEADING DEPARTMENT STORE HIGH ST., BAGENALSTOWN TULLOW ST., CARLOW BOOKS, STATIONERY AND GREETING CARDS

R. HEALY & SON ALLIED IRISH BANK FUNERAL DIRECTORS TULLOW STREET, CARLOW Serving Carlow since late 1880's POLLERTON CASTLE & COLLEGE ST. Manager: TOM HA YES 31286 Phone 31868 Asst. Manager: EDDIE KEHER

MURRAYS GAELSCOIL EOGHAIN Ui THUAIRISC HIGH-CLASS SWEETS, FRUIT & CIGARETTES BOTHAR POLLERTON. Guthan 31634. DUBLIN ST., CARLOW Oideachas Lan-Ghaelach do phaistf bunscoile.

LENNONS REAL ESTATE HOUSE FOLEYS 121 TULLOW STREET, CARLOW. Tel. 0503-31575 MEDICAL HALL l TD. Luxurious Bar and Two Music Lounges 66 TULLOW ST., CARLOW Efficient and Courteous Service * Only Best Drinks Stocked *

DOOLEYS NORMAN D. SIXSMITH HIGH-CLASS FRUIT, SWEETS, CIGARETTES AND BOOKS AGRICULTURAL & GENERAL ENGINEER 62, TULLOW STREET, CARLOW DUBLIN ROAD, CARLOW. Phone 31593

BANK OF IRELAND POTATO MARKET LEIX PHARMACY Invest in your future - Save with Bank of Ireland today GOVERNEY SQUARE, CARLOW. Phone 31341 Manager: Frank Holden O'BRIEN TRAVEL LTD. EAMONN FITZPATRICK DUBLIN STREET, CARLOW VICTUALLER Telephone: 0503-31613. Telex: 33006 STAPLESTOWN RD., CARLOW. Phone 31029 SPECIALISTS IN AIR AND SEA TRAVEL SECURE YOUR HOME JACK McDONALD Call and see our full range of Security Locks and NEW & USED TRACTORS Fittings at our Showroom CROSSNEEN, CARLOW. Phone 31455 HAWK SECURITY LTD. TULLOW STREET HOUSE DAN MORRISSEY LTD. ORGAN LESSONS for all ages at the BENNEKERRY 31464, GRANGEFORD 46629, YAMAHA MUSIC SCHOOL CLONMELSH 46142 Barrack St., Carlow Readymix Concrete * Concrete Products * Ground limestone * Rockford Tiles HENNESSY'S MUSIC CENTRE. Phone 42402.

SEAN & MICHAEL BYRNE DARCYS Publican & Grocer FURNITURE AND CARPETS GlYNN, ST. MULLINS 33-35 TULLOW ST., CARLOW "Don't Pass, Call" BOB'S YOUR UNCLE CLUB, CARLOW £500 IN PRIZES - 50p per week THE NATIONALIST & LEINSTER TIMES See your promoter or call to The Repository, College St. Printers and Publishers Further details contact Joe Matthews. Phone 0503/43181 TULLOW STREET, CARLOW Proceeds in aid of Parish Funds. Bankers Orders available. THE IRISHMAN'S (Prop.: J. J. Hargaden) BANK OF IRELAND COURT PLACE, CARLOW. Phone No. 31171 COURT PLACE Wines and Spirits Invest in your future - Save with Bank of Ireland today HIGH-CLASS LOUNGES AND BARS Manager: EAMONN DELANEY JAMES JONES LTD. PEADAR DOYLE 30 TULLOW STREET LONDIS SUPERMARKET, · Top value in Irish made footwear always available GRAIGUECULLEN. Phone 31179 at keenest prices Open to 6.30 p.m. every day

BOSCO'S RATHCROGUE HOUSE, CARLOW 132 TULLOW ST., CARLOW. (Phone 31093) WEDDING RECEPTIONS, DINNER DANCES, PRIVATE PARTIES Quality Meat, Fish and Poultry We are the specialists. Don't settle for less! Tel.31185

O'DWYER'S PHARMACY M. J. REIDY LTD., GARAGE DUBLIN ROAD, CARLOW TULLOW ST., CARLOW. Phone 31467 TOYOTA & B.M.W. DEALER

~ Clothing of Traditional Quality and M. & S. HOLDEN Fashionable look Stationery, China, Light Hardware, Fancy Goods, Souvenirs, HANLEY'S Pictures framed while you wait. HOUSE for MEN 123, TULLOW ST., CARLOW. Phone 31625 CARLOW -11! Visit the County Carlow Museum .Tow,:iHall, Carlow Open·' daily during Summer

2.30 to 5.30 p.m. every Sunday during Winter

View the wide range of exhibits