Carloviana Journal of the Old Carlow Society

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ftne Shilling, r

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NO ONE KNOWS BETTER THAN OLD CARLOVIANS THAT W. & G. Hadden, Ltd., have carried on the family business for over one hundred years and that the Carlow Branch was purchased from Mr. Adam Ford in 1909. Mr. Ford's predecessor was Mr. Luttrell, in partnership with Mr. Burgess of Athlone, and Mr. Luttvell's predecessor was Mr. Henry Banks (a grand uncle of Mr. W. H. Hadden and at one time Chairman of the Carlow Urban District Council) who owned the main part of the present business in the middle of the 19th century. HAD DENS W. & G. HADDEN LTD. CARLOW Cailoviana ______

Journal of th@Old Carlow Society Vol. I. No. 4,s: New Series, Dec. 1956 L. D. BERGIN and W. V, HADDEN, Joint Editors. Looking Forward WHEN the Old Carlow Society was founded, it aimed at contributing to the social history of the district. The Society at once attracted a fair following. Its main springs have been the papers written by its members and the annual publication of Carloviana.

To make this Journal historically valuable and assure its wide appeal is no easy task. To give it variety we have asked people outside the Society to contribute. Father Hickey, who wrote the history of Carlow Cathedral, gives -~, us in this issue an electoral milestone of the 19th century. EDITORIAL

We are conscious that the Journal could be improved, * especially if we had a more varied yearly repertoire of SHAW'S TIES WITH articles to draw on. CARLOW

There are still many subjects of local history to reward * the researcher, and if we are to maintain the standard of POMP AND PAGEANTRY former years we must be up and doing. The younger * members of the Society should be encouraged to be more than mere listeners. They must be encouraged to be active * contributors. The more writers we have on local history CROMWELL AND THE the better: for history is the life-blood of the Society, ANGLO-IRISH whose function is to research, to reveal, and to instruct. * This is our common cause, the primary reason why we LOOKING DOWN THE exist. DUBLIN ROAD

A fine social spirit generated by common interest has * so far guided the Old Carlow Society, and we hope that ACCOUNT OF PAINSTOWN the useful work it is doing will be enhanced in the years * ahead. A FAMOUS ELECTION CAMPAIGN We have lost two founder members by the departure I of Mr. and Mrs. Bernard O'Neill, who leave us a legacy in

this issue, the one on George Bernard Shaw's relations THE CHRISTI:N BROTHERS 1, with Carlow-this is Shaw's centenary year-and the other IN CARLOW I a fine paper on the Dublin Road. * If future members can emulate the active interest of BIRTH OF CARLOW I COLLEGE these two members then we can rest easy about the con tinuing prosperity of the Old Carlow Society. I SEVEN HE centenary of George Bernard Shaw's birth T occurred on Thursday, 26th July. Shaw's ties with Carlow town and his various gifts to the people make it appropriate that we should pay him some modest Shaw's respect. His first gesture was his gift of the old Assembly Rooms, now the Carlow Technical School in Dublin Street. He offered these premises to the Technical The Civie Instruction Committee through its Chairman, the late Most Rev. Dr. Foley, Bishop of Kildare and Leighlin, in Improvement 1919. The premises eventually became the property of Fund the Vocational Education Committee. On 13th May, 1944, George Bt:rnard Shaw added to By L. D. BERGIN his previous gift the rents from his other properties in Carlow, which he had municipalised under a special Act of the Dail, introduced by the late Deputy James Hughes. taken, would the Council accept the Trust, and estab The fund is ,administered by the Carlow Urban District lish a Standing Committee Council assisted by Carlow Arts Council. or Bub-Committee to ad minister it? You may say that the ARLOW'S Civic Improve only one day in Carlow. property is too small to be .C ment Fund owes its origin The estate is managed by worth considering for such to Irish playwright George Major A. J. W. Fitzmaurice purposes. I should reply Bernard Shaw, whose cen of 1 Leinster Crescent. that it represents solid tenary of birth we cele land, the importance of brated t h i s year. This Unusual, Not Easy which to a city is not fairly house property of Shaw measurable by the income in Carlow, inherited from his I, therefore, propose to of its private landlord, and mother's side of the family, hand over the property to that I can stipulate that it was described in typical the Carlow municipality shall not be a closed Trust Shavian style in the letter he for the common welfare. I but be the nucleus of a civic wrote to Carlow Urban find, however, that this improvement Fund well ad Council, offering the pro step, being unusual, is not vertised and open to all perty and its rents for easy. Nobody seems to citizens who desire to f al Civic purposes. The rents know how it is to be done. low my example, but, like at £180, gross, Shaw in If I propose to leave the myself, do not know ex tended to be the nucleus property to some relative actly how to do it. It should of a bigger fund, which has who might, like my grand not bGar my name nor however not materialised. ! ather mortgage it to the that of any other individual last farthing and leave it in nor of any creed or politi The Letter a ruinous condition, I could cal party. Its income could do it without the least be left to accumulate with· Shaw wrote to the Coun trouble. But to leave it to in the limit allowed by the cil from 4, Whitehall Court, a public body for the pub law against perpetuities to London, on 13th May, 1944. lic benefit seems to be im any extent thought neces Dear Bir-Will you be possible when the public sary. Would the Council so good as to bring the fol body in question is a muni take it on these conditions? lowing matter before your cipality. I have served for I should, perhaps, men Council. I am the land six years as municipal tion that if it refuses, the lord of a property in Car councillor on a London property will pass after my low which I inherited as Borough Council governing death to the National Gal the great-grandson of the a quarter of a million lery of Ireland, to which in Thomas Gurly whose monu people. I therefore know my boyhood in Dublin I ment is in one of your the difficulties from the in owed much of my Art edu chief churches. It was for side. cation, which enabled me merly a considerable pro What I would beg the to earn a living as critic perty, but it now yields a U.D.C. to consider is this. before I made my mark as net revenue of only £150 a Suppose I make a gift of a playwright. It will, there year. When it came into the property to the Council fore, not be lost to Ireland my hands I received noth on Trust for purposes in any case. But Carlow is ing but the legal owner which exclude its sale to clearly entitled to the first ship, a bundle of mortgages private owners, the use of offer.-Faithfully, and several dependent re its revenue to relieve the G. BERNARD SHAW. latives. As I have cleared rates directly, or for alms off the mortgages and pro giving in any form, con HAW'S first letter on the vided otherwise for the sur fining it to improvements, S subject was followed by viving relatives, there are house modernisation and ex m o r e correspondence in now no encumbrances, ex perimental innovations, em which he ultimately sug cept the head rents. bankment of the river Bar gested that an Act of the I am an absentee land row and, generally, for pro Dail would be the proper lord, having spent out of gressive work which would and cheapest method of the 88 years of my life not otherwise be under- municipalising the property. EIGHT THE introduction to this statement was typic ally Shavian: "The truth is the Assembly Rooms have Ties with Carlow always been a very bad bar gain for me. Thy are sub ject to head rents amounting to £16 12s. 2d. a year. I cleared out all the other in terests some, time ago at a cost of about £200 and the premises are now at my dis posal absolutely subject to these head rents. I can neither sell them or let them at present, and of course, I can't use them. If I assign them to a pauper and leave him to be evicted by the head landlords, I actually gain by the transaction."

Georgian Front

IN the letter G.B.S. went on to explain how much more it would cost him to buy out the head landlord's interest and his decision to spend no more on the prem ises. "I am quite prepared, therefore," he wrote, "to con sider an invitation from the Technical Instruction Com mittee to hand over my title deeds in consideration of the place being used for public purposes and, if possible, the old front of the · building-a facade which belongs to the best period of Irish architec ture at the end of the 18th cantury-retained for the sake of its decorative effect_

Many Leases THE Committee would appear to have moved fair,y rapidly when one con siders the many leases in volved-those of 1794, 1805, Georgian Facade and Six Leases 1810, 1848, 1861 and 1863- and on the 31st October, By B. O'NEILL, M.Sc. 1919, the Assembly Rooms WHILE George Bernard was transferred by G. Ber Shaw's maternal fore nard Shaw to five Trustees bears can be traced back in representing the Co. Carlow Carlow anna·s to the mid A PPARENTLY, the Com- Technical Instruction Com seventeen hundreds, he, him mittee had made such an mittee which then had no self, did not enter the Car application to the agent for. legal powers to own pro low scene until on the 15th the Gurley estate and G.B.S. perty. It is now owned by February, 1918. At the age took it over for the reason the Co. Carlow Vocational of 62 years, he "ventured to that "my agent, Mr. Fitz Education Committee, a stat enter into direct communica maurice, can hardly speak utory body. tion" with the late most so freely as I can myself." Rev. Dr. Foley, Bishop of In the letter, which extended Kildare and Leighlin, who to two and a half carefully was then Chairman of the corrected typewritten pages, Excellent Observatory Co. Carlow Technical In Shaw gave the clearest pos st:ruction Committee. The sible explanation of the IN his letter of 1918 Shaw' subject was the use of the many leases under which the wrote: "The site is the Assembly Rooms in Dublin Assembly rooms property best in Carlow for your pur- · Street as a Technical School. was held. pose, ·even though the build- NINE ing dilapidated." He even added. coated proletariat instead referred to the old building When the comprehensive of the creation of a body of in a letter he wrote me, in reconstructio!n of the prem skilled Garlow craftsmen 1944: " I can remember a ises was completed in 1935, and industrial and domestic day when my late ·uncle, I had the temerity to write technicians. Walter John Gurley, from to G.B.S., detail the progress I am sorry I cannot be whom I inherited the Assem made and invite him to the present at the opening by bly Rooms, returning from a opening ceremony by the late the Free State Minister on visit to them ( the only one Mr. Derrig, Minister for Edu the 22nd January, as I shall he ever paid) and saying they cation. His reply dated 16th be on the high seas on that would make an excellent Ob November, 1935 - he was date; but I am afraid I / servatory as the movements then 79 years old-is worth have been too long absent of the heavenly bodies could quoting in full. . from my native land to be greatly missed. ..." be studied through the holes Dear Bir, in the roof." I am much obliged to you for your leitter of the Instructions No Servants 13th, which, I have read with more gratiGcation than THE letter concluded with BUILT! probably in 1794 I deserve, as it is clearly directions as to how to the Assembly Rooms were the enterprise and expen frame his autographed photo used for dinners and balls diture of the Committee graph which I requested and by the "nobility and gentry that Garlow has to thank which he readily sent. This of the Co. Carlow." Here rather than my absentee now hangs in the Head experts in the art of the dance contribution I confess that master's office of Carlow met with such high sounding I had misgivings that the Technical School, side by names as Signor and Madame only result of this would side with that of the late Garbois giving exhibitions of have been the purchase of Most Rev. Dr. Foley, Bishop the " Turkish Pas Seul," a second-hand typewriter of Kildare and Leighlin, to "Minuet de la Cair," etc. and an addition to the dis whom he offered the old Advertisements of these in mal ranks of the black- Assembly Rooms in 1918. the Garlow Post of the period usually had the addenda " Servants not admitted into the ballroom," and "Moon light Night" which make us appreciate our good fortune in not having lived in these old, unhappy far-off days ere democracy held sway and gas and electricity made their brilliant entrance. THE increasing weight of years brought the build ing gradually down from its high estate and there are many Carlovians who re member hearing a surly black-moustached v i 11 a i n bissed, and many a fair heroine "saved from death" in the teeth of a sawmill by a twittering hero, swaying in muscular agony and men tal anguish to save his .loved one. Two-Roomed School

THE Technical Instruc- tion Committee of the time converted the old ruin -preserving the front ad mired by G.B.S., into a two roomed Technical School which opened on a limited scale in 1923. Two work shops were added in 1928, and in 1934 the whole build ing was replanned and re constructed by the first Vocational Education Com mittee. A large, well equipped engineering workshop and a similarly up-to-date Domes tic Science kitchen were then CARLOW TECHNICAL SCHOOL TEN In this article Mr. O'Neill, who was Chief Executive Officer at Carlow Vocational School, outlines the history of Shaw's Six Step-aunts

EORGE BERN ARD G7 SHAW was the third child and only son of Thomas Carr and Lucinda Elizabeth (nee Gurly), daughter of Thomas Gurly of Carlow. A publication entiled: "A General Directory of the Kingdom of Ireland or Mer chants' and Traders' Most Useful Companion" compiled by one Richard Lucas and published in Dublin in 1788 gave a list of the prominent residents in Carlow in that year. Among them were the names: "Thomas Gurly (sen ior), Attorney-at-Law, Tullow Street, and Thomas Gurly (junior), Attorney-at-Law, Belleville," G.B.S.'s great great grandfather and great grandfather respectively. We will start with the latter, who, in 1805, had "conveyed to him by Thomas Tynan the property situate in Dublin Street, Carlow, where the new Assembly Rooms now stand.'' Belle ville, given in that lease as Thomas Gurly's address was, fortunately, purchased by the then Irish Sugar Co., Ltd., in 1926, and has been the residence of the Man agers of Carlow Sugar Fac tory up to the present. The A,;;sembly Rooms became in 1923, Carlow's Technical School. MR. BERNARD O'NEILL Thomas Gurly the Assembly Rooms nine the record of births, of St PERMANENT record of years later. Mary' s Church, Carlow, at the this Thomas Gurly re very kind invitation of the mains in St. Mary's Church, TffE Assembly R o o m s present Rector, Rev. J. G. Carlow, where: a fine mural passed to Thomas Gurly's Gash, M.A, I noticed this tablet erected by him com son, Walter Bagenal Gurly on entry under "Births": "April memorates the memory of his the former's death which must 4th, 1852, born, Catherine brother Bagnal Gurly, "who have been prior to 1848, for Clarke Gurly, daughter of died in Dublin, February 26, in that year, the latter, then Walter Bagenal Gurly, Car 1796, aged 25 years," In the residing in "Parson's Green," low, and his wife Anne.'' That wonderfully well-kept records Dublin, purchased the ad entry puzzled me somewhat of that church is the entry, joining "Supper Room plot" until I remembered that the still as clear as the day it ( on which the Engineering late Rector of St. Mary's was written 160 years ago. and Domestic Science Rooms Right Rev. Archdeacon Ridge "Died in Dublin on 25th Feb of the Technical School now way, than whom no one was ruary, 1796, Bagnal Gurly. stand) from its owner, a better versed in the Gurly Buried in Staplestown, Feb Michael Downey, shopkeeper, family history, had told me ruary, 29th." (1796 was of Castlecomer. That was only many years ago, that Shaw's course a leap year). The age eight years before the birth grandfather, the said Walter of Bagnal Gurly at that in Dublin of G.B.S., whose Bagenal Gurly, had married time-25 years-would in mother was a daughter of for the second time only a dicate that Thomas was a Walter Bagenal Gurly. Glanc few years before Shaw was young man when he bought ing, a few days ago, through born. The girl, "Catherine ELEVEN Clarke, was the eldest of was staying and an unfortun-· death of my father, and if he that second family of six ate patient, with a finger on shall die in my lifetime to girls. From the birth entry the · door-bell and giving the commence after my death." Walter Bagenal Gurly had uncle's words as 'Well, if ye He directed to whom this returned to Carlow from have the money drop it on should be payable-to his Dublin between 1848 and the door-step and let me hear step-mother during widow 1852. it chink'." This was the uncle hood and from and after her (a widower without family) marriage and death "to his who likened his Carlow As step-sisters, Kate, Annabella, HOWEVER, this grand- sembly Rooms property to an Georgina, Charlotte, Nannie father of G.B.S. left his Obse~~tory ( "because you and Florence, as shall be then property to his son by the could study the movements of living and not have married, first marriage-Walter John the heavenly bodies through in equal shares." Appar -who became a medical doc~ the .holes in the roof.") He ently when Walter John died tor and practised in England. very definitely must have in 1899 such of his step This uncle of Shaw's was var been a "character." sisters who were living had iously described as 'bibulous,' been married for the final 'drunken,' and by Shaw him statement of his will became self as "a very bad landlord." Shaw's Six Step-Aunts effective; "in default of such (Both he and his father had issue I demise all my estate heavily mortgaged the Gurly "CHARACTER" as he must and interests to my nephew, property in Carlow, as Shaw have been, Dr. Walter George Bernard Shaw, his found when he -had to clear John Gurly · was wise enough heirs and assigns." Accord these mortgages on his in to have made his will in 1878 ing- to Shaw he "received no heriting the property in 1899, (he was probably born about thing but the legal ownership, on Walter John's death). In 1830). He died in 1899, at a bundle of mortgages and the recent issue of an English which time Shaw had made several dependent relatives." newspaper, "a Harley Street his name. Here is· an extract He cleared off the mortgages doctor gives an account of a from that Will: "Whereas I amounting to £1,360, pro lecture given by Shaw in the am entitled to certain proper vided for the dependent rela doctor's youth to the under ties at and near Carlow, Ire tives and found himself with graduates of a London hos land, subject to the life estate a nett revenue of £150 a year, pital on which the lecturer of my father, Walter Bagenal which, he said, was "confis described a midnight dialogue Gurly, I charge same with a cated by the British Govern between a drunken Irish yearly rent of £50; to com ment to defray the expenses medical uncle, with whom he mence from and after the of military operations."

I·

Carlow Courthouse, where the Assize Judge attended with " Pomp and Pageantry." (See opposite page). TWELVE This article was written for Carloviana by M. J. Corr, formerly of Carlow, and now residing at 66 Victoria St., Westminster, London. Pomp and Pageantry

LOOKING back to some fifty or sixty years OPENING OF ASSIZES ago one of the outstanding events in the life of the town was the annual Assizes. The next day would see the opening of How well I recall the scenes attending the Grand Assizes in the Courthouse. Again this invasion of the peace and serenity of Car the imposing escort would convey the Judge low. A few days before the great event a troop from his temporary residence to the Court. of cavalry from the Curragh arrived. This The streets were cleared of traffic whilst the consisted of a Sergeant and some ten men. stately procession passed along to the clatter From year to year they varied from of hooves and the jingle of equipment. The Lancers to Hussars and Dragoons. This party steps of the Courthouse were manned by usually billetted in that famous hostelry policemen of all ranks, in fact there were al known as " The Canteen " in Barrack Street. most as many Peelers in the town as inhabit ants. THE TURK MURPHY As the Judge ascended the steps two trumpeters sounded the "Royal Salute," and All catering arrangements for man and all this assembly disappeared from the outside beast were in the able, hands of the proprietor, to their respective places inside. The cavalry a gentleman known locally as " The Turk escort returned to quench their thirst at the Murphy." The Turk was a great character in " Canteen." himself, very short in height but compensated for by his rotundity. I should imagine that he LODGINGS weighed about sixteen stone. In the early afternoon of the Judge's The Assizes, a great display of pomp and arrival all was hustle and bustle. Horses were power, brought a certain amount of business groomed to a state of glistening perfection, into the town. All the attendant legal lumin uniforms were resplendent and the equipment aries stayed in the County Club and the then dazzled in its brilliancy. Royal Arms Hotel. Police and witnesses were Duly mounted they moved off to the lodged all over the place and with the able Railway Station to await His Lordship. At the assistance of the military quite a lot of liquor Station forecourt they were joined by a squad was consumed. of mounted police and innumerable foot police His Lordship got all the honours due to under the command of the: District Inspector his sovereign whom he represented. But it was -Samuel R. Carter, D.I. The latter made a only on rare occasions that there was a case in very imposing figure in his full uniform and the list to justify such a performance. I can large Kaiser moustache. only recall one murder case. SHERIFF'S WELCOME Most of the cases were involved legal disputes about land or farms and in every When the train pulled in His Lordship instance the contending parties paid heavily alighted with great dignity and was welcomed for the habit of "taking the law against him." by the Sheriff of the County and other high One example was the case of two young men officials. The party then proceeded to carriages whose father died and left them the farm awaiting them and then the whole brilliant jointly. Not long after they fell out and "went cavalcade swept down the Quarries (Dublin to law." Road), Dublin Street, Burrin Street and on the Kilkenny Road to the residence of the Misses The matter dragged on for several years Spong. and from appeal to appeal. In the end there I often wondered about these ladies, they was nothing left of the farm and the two young must have been very exclusive and reserved men were forced to emigrate to America; they for I can never remember having seen them in left with nothing but what they could carry in the flesh or having taken any part in the life a small bundle on their backs. The law had of the town other than this annual function of swallowed the farm completely. Verbum looking after His Lordship. sapienti sat est.

THIRTEEN SOME CASTLES NEAR CARLOW By W. V. HADDEN TOUR of historic castles near Carlow the saddle of the hills. Some say that it A was conducted by Mr. Victor Hadden is the site of an ancient Monastery, and in July, 1956. that the prehistoric highway from Dinn The members drove to Milford Cross, Righ to Ballon Hill and Rathgall came this turned left past the Railway Station and way. Here, if you wish, you may stand proceeded straight across the Bagenalstown aside and watch phantom chariots and road. At the fork for Ballybar is Clon horsemen passing by-if ancient Irish melsh (" The Sweet Meadow ") and near chariots are not in any case more phantasy the unknown site of an ancient castle than fact. which J runes I granted to Theobald Outside the northern wall of the Pro Viscount Butler of Tulleophelim on the testant churchyard is a fine old cross in 20th December, 1607-" A Castle, four good condition and standing almost six cottages, sixty-two acres arable and forty feet high. The remains of two others are four pasture, in Clonemulskye." recorded as having been in the same In about 1314 James granted the same vicinity. There is a splendid view of the and other properties ( together with the Barrow valley to the westward from the Castle and Bawn of Carlow) to Sir James churchyard, looking across towards the Wilmott. Clonmelsh and its appurtainances Ridge of Leighlin. were at one time part of the estate of the It is not often realised that it was their Abbey of Baltinglass. menacing control of the lands lying below us which gave the Kavanaghs such power BALLYLOO CASTLE over the King's Exchequer, and enabled them to extract the famous Black Rent At the next cross-roads the party almost continuously from the days of turned right and continued towards Edward III until the end of the reign of Nurney for about a quarter of a mile. Henry VIII. In Ballyloo townland Mr. Little's farm was This payment was made expressly " for on our left. We entered the gate and pro- the safe keeping of the Royal roads between . ceeded up the drive to find the remains of Carlow and Kilkenny," and· the Kavanagh Ballyloo Castle in a field to the north of Territory of !drone lay athwart these the avenue. between Nurney and Old Leighlin. In This Castle was erected early in the ancient times this valley was one of the 1400's and belonged to the Kavanaghs. most important in Leinster. Originally it probably consisted of a square tower of three stories surrounded by BALLYTARSNA thatched buildings within a surrounding Leaving Nurney we proceeded across wall. The uncut granite boulders with the hill to Ballytarsna cross-roads, about a w~i~h it is constructed confirm its early or1gm. mile and a half to the east. Here we found to the left of the road a section of one wall The Castle was occupied by Art More of the ancient Castle of Ballytarsna. Kavanagh of Ballyloo, from whom it This Castle was probably similar to, and descended to his son Art Kavanagh, to his contemporary with, the Castle of Ballyloo. son Donagh Kavanagh, to his son Murtage There is a fine view from here looking Oge Kavanagh, who was pardoned in 1548, towards the southeast across the valleys of and was one of those who opposed Sir Peter Carew in 1568. the Burrin and the Slaney. Nearby on our right is Newtown Fox From ~im it descended to his daughter, who married Gerald Kavanagh of Garryhill cover rising to a humble 670 feet and who died in 1630. away beyond it Mount Leinster. Bel~w us is the a~cient . bu:i:-ial place of Kings on The junior branch of the Ballyloo sept ~allon Hill? while J~st to the right of this -0f the Kavanaghs had its seat in Ballina 1s the Plam of Kllmoglish, which, some carrig to the north, and the River Burrin say, was the site of the Carmen Grunes formed the northern boundary of the in prehistoric times. Kavanagh country, of the ancient Barony ·Of !drone, and probably .at one period was the Southern border of the Pale. GRAIGUENASPIDOGUE Travelling to the Fighting Cocks we NURNEY took the main road back to Carlow. Of ancient Castles, a fine example will be Returning to the road we proceeded to found i~ Graiguenaspidogue (The Village of Nurney_. (The Oratory), a quiet village in the Robms). Leave your car at the disused FOURTEEN Petrol Station, a quarter of a mile from Gerald M'Cahir attained." An inquisition the Fighting Cocks, cross the field on the dated the 21st December, 1631, tells us opposite side of the road, and in the that " Arthur Kavanagh of Ballyteighleigh, meadow beyond you will find it. Notice the gentleman, claims the lands of Garrehill, uncut granite boulders and the similarity Castletown, and all and singular all manors, with Ballyloo Castle, and we conclude it is Castles, lands, etc., of which aforesaid of the same period. Gerald McMurtagh died seized, as next heir On the 20th August, 1618, James I to aforesaid Gerald." granted to Sir Anthony Savage "The In the Eighteenth century the Castle Castle, town and lands of Graignesped was in the possession of the Faulkners of" docke, twelve and a half acres," and the Castletown and Sam Faulkner converted it Rev. Dr. Comerford tells us that it belonged into a residence over 150 years ago. Some to, and was occupied by, a branch of the years afterwards it was extended and re Butler family, but long before this it must styled after the fashion of the period by for centuries have been a Kavanagh his son Henry Faulkner. The letters, stronghold. papers ~nd documents of this family have CASTLETOWN been edited by Mrs. Monahan and form a wonderful treasury of local and domestic · As we return to Carlow we pa-ss on the history of this locality almost 200 years: left yet another of the Kavanagh Castles ago. at Castletown. Now owned and occupied BALLINA CARRIG by Mr. and Mrs. Monahan, this building We retune~ to Carlo.w and on our way was originally an ancient Castle, the walls crossed the River Burrm at Ballinacarrig of which are still standing. Bridge. On the 24th June, 1647, Col. Walter On the 31st May, 1809, there was a Bagnal wrote to Gen. Preston, leader of the Confederate Catholics, " To-morrow is the grant from James I to Gerald, Earl of rendezvous of this Company at Ballinacarrig Kildare-'' A Castle, six messages, and 120 Bridge." 'This was a fairly early date for a acres arable, 10 acres pasture and 10 acres ~ridge at a cro.ssing of such secondary wood in Ballicashlane, being the lands of 1mporhmce -as Ballmacarrig.

Photo John Monahan

CASTLETOWN GATE NEAR CARLOW

FIFTEEN Cromwell and the Anglo-Irish

By TADHG HAYDEN

OUGHLY three hundred years ago-quite a Uprooted too was Christopher Eustace of R spell when thought of in terms of single Kildare-"Mad Eustace," one of the Lords of years, but not really so far distant when consid the Pale. Under the Restoration Settlement he ered as a question of just so many generations of regained his estates-but not his wits. . people-Ireland was experiencing the torment With poetic justice (shades of the Faerie of the policies of Oliver Cromwell and his Puri Queene ! ) Spenser of Munster (~cion of !he tan Administration. Englishman who in his day despoiled the Insh of Cork) now suffered in turn that confiscation A MAJOR DISASTER imposed by his ancestor on others. To the native Irish Cromwell was a major disaster. He did what no English ruler had A LITTLE GRACE succeeded in doing: he uprooted them. To the Anglo-Irish he was equally catastrophic-to Proud Luttrell of Luttrellstown petitions for permission to reside on his former ~state their incredulous amazement. until he takes the crops from his land before Thorough to the nth degree, clear-sighted moving across the Shannon. ~e is grante? a in their determination to bring about a new and little grace-and allowed to reside for the time permanent Conquest, the Cromwellians grouped being in the stables of his former mansion. together in a vast plan of general confiscation La.dy Atkinson pleads for exemption !rom and common expropriation Gaeil and Gall tran3Plantation on the grounds that she 1s of Ghaeil, Native Irish and Anglo-Irish, Old Irish great age. Lady Culme pleads. Dowager Lady and Old English. Louth refers to her great age and helplessness. Merely to have been born in Ireland prior James Briver of Waterford tells an unimpressed to the advent of Cromwellianism almost auto council that the Lord has now enlightened his matically meant that such a person was heart to the true ways of salvation. Cecily unacceptable to the new regime, and must be Plunkett stresses that her husband-now in uprooted from farm or business or profession, Connaught-was but a school-boy at the out and replaced by one of the New Order freshly break of the late insurrection. imported from England, Scotland or Wales. John Rose of Warrenstown in the Barony of Dunboyne urges that he had suffered at the NO MERCY EXPECTED outbreak of the insurrection for his affection The native Irish property owners neither for the English-and that he had served as a received nor expected any mercy. They lost trooper under Captain Bland. Henry Burnell their all. They lost it with a certain dignity. begs for a few months grace before transplant Thin-lipped and defiant they moved to Con ing on the grounds of his " tedious and naught or the continent; or took to the hills as languishing sickness." Mr. Robinson was aged Raparees hoping for the day when some twist 90-and blind. And he had never been in in the military situation might bring them back arms! And so on. And quite in vain. All must once more into their own-unaware of the transplant, Irish and Anglo-Irish alike. centuries of striving that lay before them, unconscious that it would need the stand-fast MERCHANT CLASS policy of resistance of the Penal Days, the upsurge of the Rising of '98, The Land War, To the petitions of the landowr.ers were The Land Acts, The Insurrection of 1916 and !'.dded those of the Anglo-Irish merchant class. the subsequent Tan War to do this. They knew Proud of their English ancestry were the the futility of petitioning against Cromwell's inhabitants of the city of Kilkenny who public decrees. iRed their chief families in the following districh: AN INDIGNANT INSCRIPTION "Archdekin, Archer, Cowley, Langton_, On the other hand, the records of the Lee. period abound with the cries of the Anglo-Irish "Knaresborough, Lawless, Raggelt, Roth minority-a hitherto pampered and privileged and Shee." section, accustomed for generations to special The:v had boasted of their adherence to treatment and, if needs be, forgiveness from English laws and customs. The "fair hair. ::ind clear complexions, and the sweet oval their blood relations in England. faces" of their womenfolk underlined (thev Far from his rich Leinster estates, in stated) their English blood. Their men had impoverished and over-crowded Connaught, "ever manfullv repelled and prosecuted the died the transplanted Lord Baron of Trimles king's enemies." They had pointedly excluded town, descendant of one of the English the native Irish from their city and had forced invaders. Over his grave in the ruined abbey them to dwell in Irishtown beyond the walls. of Kilconnell, Co. Galway, one may read to-day the indignant inscription: BROTHERLY TREATMENT "Here lyeth the body of Math'IJas Conscious of this record of loyalty, theRe Barnewall, The Lord Baron of Trimles burghers of Kilkenny hoped · for brotherlv towne, whoe being transplanted into treatment from Cromwell's English Roldiers Conaght with others b'I.I orders of the when the town was surrendered in March 1650. Usurper Cromwell dyed at Moinivae the "Cannibalism," they said, would not be Prac 17th of September, 1677." tised by the new English on the old English. SIXTEEN r-

Not for them surely was the treatment meted acquired foreign economic knowledge and -0ut to the native Irish. business methods. The Cromwellians thought otherwise. From Galway efficiently were expelled the Colonel Walter Bagnal, Ormond's cousin, was burghers who once had boasted: "'bulleted alive." Hosts of others were executed. "That neither O ne Mac should The rest were ordered outside the walls-to strutte ne swagger throughe the streets Connaught, to the hills, to cabins near and far, of Gallway." to share with the old race the ruin now imposed -0n both. For refusal to transplant the penalty was death. "The business of transplanting is not URBS INTACTA yet finished," says a letter of the period. "The Out of Waterford were driven the Irish chose death ·rather than remove from their Lombards, the Lincolns, the Lynnets, the wonted habitations." Fitzgeralds-who held in vain that Waterford, Daniel Fitzpatrick of Kilkenny is condemn like Dublin, was "a chaste English town." ed to death "which makes the rest to hasten." Futile were the peititions of these merchants A similar sentence is passed on Mr. Edward before their expulsion. Hetherington of Kilnamanagh, and on his Equally fruitless were the pleas for corpse publicly displayed was hung a card permission to return from far-off Ostend, which read: "for not transplanting." Rochelle, St. Sebastian, Cadiz, though they Transplant! So said the Cromwellian now cannily stressed the general benefit that decree. And it said it emphatically to Gael and would accrue to the country by their newly Anglo-Irish alike.

A Day in County Tipperary

!HE highlight ?f the Summer ~;utings T of the Society was our v1S1t to -Cashel and Holycross Abbey on the 27th May. Forty members availed themselves of ihe opportunity to visit these historic places in Co. Tipperary. On arrival at Cahir we visited the historic Castle which was built in 1142 on the site of a still earlier fortification by ·Conor O Brien, Prince of Thomond. Rev. P. J. Brophy gave us a resume -of the history of the Castle in one of the spacious courtyards, and we adjourned to -Cahir House Hotel for lunch. Miss McCool, of the hotel, suggested a visit to Cahir Park. We then visited the Rock of Cashel, or St. Patrick's Rock as it was named long centuries ago. St. Patrick's first visit was about the year 450 A.D., and .for about a century prior to that date a castle on the rock had been the chief residence· ' of the Kings of Munster. The reigning King and his brothers embraced Christianity and were baptized by St. Patrick on the occasion of his visit. ROUND TOWER ON ROCK OF CASHEL The history of Cashel and its ruins is dosely interwoven with our national his- the Abbey, and pointed out various points of interest tory, and Carlow can claim a distant link with it. as within its enclosure. King Cormac McCui!eannain, who was killed at Situated on the banks of the Suir, the Abbey Ballaghmoon in the retreat from Monasterevan in the was founded in the 12th century by Donald O Brien, year 908, was buried in Castledermot. son of Murtagh, grandson of Brian Boru, to house He is said to have erected the first important a relic of the True Cross received by his father from church on the Rock, and it is surmised that the Pope Pascal II. Round Tower also dates from his time. Holycross Abbey was our next objective. Here Richly endowed, it flourished for five centuries a former member of the Society, Mr. Matt Hyland, and was a noted centre of pilgrimage until its gave a most interesting discourse on the history of suppression in the 16th century. SEVENTEEN Looking down the Dublin Road

the Quarry Chapel. When Dean Staunton was By MARY O'NEILL, M.Sc. about to enlarge the old church, he changed his mind, and built a new church on that part of the College grounds known as Winnott's four acre field. It was a leasehold property with a RUNNING north from Carlow, the Dublin 999 years lease, and for that reason the Road was known about 60 years ago as landlords could not prevent the Dean from "The ·Quarries." The road was cut through the building a church on t_he land. quarry which extended from the present Park on the Athy Road, crossing through the TULLOW CHURCH Parochial Field-formerly Greenbank-right through to the College wall behind Stathams. This church was something the same as that which still stands in Tullow-which CARLOW MARBLE church was modelled on the one Dean Staunton built in Carlow. Carlow Church referred to was Although the quarry has· been out of built in 1787 and consisted of a nave and action for 150 years now, Carlow marble :fire chancel in the plainest Gothic style. It con places can be seen in some of the old houses of tained two transepts with a gallery on each and the town. Two of them were in the old another gallery on the nave. Tullow Church, it Parochial House, Athy Road, one in Mrs. A. may be interesting to note, was built in the Duggan's, and one in Miss Laffan's. The same style by Dr. Delaney in 1792. marble was black with a white stratum running Dean Staunton was succeeded by Father through it. When the foundations of the pre William Fitzgerald as P.P. of Carlow and suc sent Parochial House were being dug, a sample ceeded by Father Andrew Fitzgerald as of the marble was unearthed. President of Carlow College. Dr. Doyle The Quarries, the Quarry School, the (J.K.L.) got leave from the Holy See to make Quarry Chapel and the Quarry Division of the Carlow a Mensal parish when Fr. William United Irishmen are names still remembered Fitzgerald died in 1823, and thus made the way by the older people. clear for permission to build a Cathedral in the A member of the Haughton family who town, which was thus established as the built Greenbank u~ed to collect the rents of dioce ian centre. some of the housea on the left side of Dublin It was originally intended that the College Road which they built. He had a great joke should buy the land formerly owned by Devine with his tenants when the name was changed and later by Mr. Paddy Hearns, and it was to from the Quarries-"You are very grand have been used to drive an entrance to St. people now-residing on the Dublin Road." He Patrick's from the Railway Road. The late regularly inspected the houses to see if they Monsignor Delaney of Rathvilly·to!d Fr. Hickey were in good condition. this. COACH TOPPLED IN OLDER CHURCH It may be worth while in passing to men Let us start at Statham's Garage. Picture tion that the Parish Church that preceded the the Quarry which had no fence-until one Dublin Road Church was on the site of the old night the Coach from Dublin toppled into it. monastery of St. Crcnan, about the place where Thereafter, a wall was erected. This was the Carlow Town Hall now stands. site of Richard's Foundry. For many years it To go back to the Janeway at Doyles, it is was derelict, until it was bought by the late also told that in the Battle of Carlow in 1798, Fred Thompson, who established the Shamrock some of the United Irishmen escaped from Oil Co. there. A little above this was a roofing Tullow Street through Lowry's Lane (next to tile and concrete block factory which did not Dempseys), through the College Grounds, and last long. St:i.tham's took over both properties out on to the Dublin Road by the Janeway at in 1936. Their workshops were a music hall Doyles. This lane was referred to as Mass called the Carloseum. Mr. Stephen Carroll's House Lane. house, which divided them, was built by The next three houses tenanted hy Messrs. Bartle Hutchinson, who was a plumber. Cummins, Gahan and Meehan used to project out more than those further up. Mrs. Kehoe of THATCHED CHAPEL Pembroke, grandmother of the present Walter Kehoe, who owned them, rebuilt and put them Court View-a terrace of four houses back in line with the other houses in 1906. wan built in :1908 by Michae) Richards, a Messrs. Doogue, Whelan and Moores were built Wexfordman. These houses were erected on by the Bruen family about 90 years ago on the Mit~hell's Builder's Yard. It had been formerly site of the "'.'arden he1onging to Mrs. Margaret called the Barrack Yard, where circuses were Donnelly, who lived in the house which was held. The upper house of Court View-the late later divided in two and now occupied by Peter Doyle's-has a large wooden doorway as Donegans and Doogues. Mrs. Donnelly sold the a side entrance. This was the entrance to the garden to the Bruens, who built these first Janeway that led to the thatched chapel in the three houses. Quarry. It was situated around about the site Ahove these houses is a wooden gateway of where Shirley's Garage now stands. In -the entrance to a Janeway which was a cul Bishop Comerford's Dioceses of Kildare and de-sac. There were thatched houses in this Leighlin, vol. I, page 269, it states there was a lane. Mass Hou!;'.e in Carlow in 1731. This must be From this Janeway up to Mrs. Keyes's EIGHTEEN house all the roofs were thatched, but Bruens houses owned by Messrs. McDarby and FitzRoy. replaced them with slate. As we walk up The indenture was signed on the 14th Septem further we find three houses have been ber, 1898, between Emma Jameson, wife of demolished and ugly walls take up their place Venerable James Jameson, Archdeacon of demoli.,hed and ugly walls take their place Leighlinbridge in the Co. of Carlow, Caroline before we reach the Mercy Convent. (This is Haughton Murphy, wife of Isaac James Mur dealt with in the inset article on page 19). phy, Armagh, Helen Christina Sunderland of Leinster Crescent was built by a Carlow Londonderry, and Rosa Frederica Grubb of Co. Tea Agent named Devine in the 1880's. This Tipperary-the Lessors, and Luke Wynne of advertisement appeared in the Nationalist on Dublin Street, Carlow, Boot and Leather 29th September, 1888: "3 New Houses to let Merchant, the Lessee. free of rent to 1st November next if taken now. They are 3 . storeyed, fitted with bells, gas QUARRY HOLES brackets, etc. Pump at rere. Rent £20 yearly The premises are part of the ground for and Taxes.--P. Devine, 1 Leinster Crescent, merly called the Quarry Holes, situate in the Carlow. Parish, Barony and County of Carlow. The sale was subject to the following terms which state: THE TEA MAN "excepting and reserving unto the Lessors all Devine was known as the Tea Man and walls and other boundaries dividing the said sent 20 or 30 vans out the country selling tea. demised premises from the other property of Three of his sons were at school with Father the Lessors adjoining same, and further Hickey and Mr. P. C. Bergin at the Old excepting and reserving unto the Lessors, their Academy. The many girls in his family were heirs and assigns, all Quarries of stone, slate educated in the Mercy Convent. Mr. Devine and marble and other minerals and all mines lived in. the house now occupied by Major Fitz and other Royalties whatsoever with liberty to maurice. He also owned the plot of land called enter same to dig out and carry away same." "Paddy Hearn's Paddocks" and sold it to Mr. Luke Wynne died about 24th February, Maffit, who in turn sold it in sites to each of 1922, and left the houses to his nephew James the present owners of the five houses on the Dowling, who sold to Thomas Fenelon. The Railway Road. latter died intestate in 1943 and the houses The Haughton family of Greenbank built went to Grace,- William and Francis Fenelon most of the houses on the left hand side where jointly. They sold the properties to present the Courthouse railings end. There are two occupiers in July, 1945. NINETEEN r

OLD WORKSHOPS Margaret Walsh taught the girls. We come then to a wooden gate at the The remainder of the_houses up to those wall inside which are the old workshops and six now demolished and constituting a most sheds used by the quarrymen. Part of the field unattractive entrance to Carlow were also built is quite sunken now. There are two small by the Haughtons. buildings there. Mrs. Haughton, wife of Samuel We now approach the bottle-neck of the Haughton who built Greenbank, travelled ex Dublin Road, with the high wall of the Mental tensively and was keen on architecture. She, it Hospital on the left and the Christian Brothers" was, who got these erected: one is a replica of House and Schools on the right. (The Christian an Italian Shell-house and the other that of a Brothers' Schools in Carlow are dealt with in Grecian Temple. an inset article on page 37). The next three houses, tenanted by Messrs. Clifton, Kinsella and Lyons, were built by a B?echville-now occupied by Mr. Stevens, Mr. Donne~ly who afterwards went to America. was originally named Gayville, and it is so· He was the brother-in-law of Margaret Don marked on the Ordnance Survey Map. At one nelly who owned property on the other side of time it was occupied by a Mr. James, whose the road. son, Fr. James, was curate in Graiguecullen The row of five houses next in order and and now P.P. of Rhode, Offaly. tenanted by Messrs. Coyne, Craughan, Horo han, Ralph and Brophy, were thatched. They LOCAL WRITER were rebuilt and slated by Mrs. Kehoe, Pem For many years " Beechville " was the broke, in 1908, grandmother of the present residence of the late Mr. Marlborough C. Walter Kehoe. Douglas, the well-known writer on Carlow; he had been a land agent's clerk with the late Mr. OLDEST HOUSES William Fitzmaurice of Kelvin Grove. Mr. The two stone-built slated houses tenanted James was evidently the owner of Beechville at by Messrs. Payne and Doogue are the oldest of the time of the construction of the G.S. & W. their type on the road. The Payne family have Railway in 1851, and after the acquisition of lived in their house for over 100 years. land for the building of the railway, Mr. James There are a further twelve one-storey found that a small portion of his garden, at the houses built by the Haughton family. In one rere of the house, had not been acquired, and of these opposite the pump lived a Tommy he declined to sell it in order to save the ameni Shelly, who taught Catechism after Mass on ties of his house. Sundays in the Cathedral. It was Dr. Delaney, The consequence was that the plan of Bishop of Kildare and Leighlin, who instituted running the railway sidings from the Station this practice-Le. the teaching by lay people. to the Railway Bridge could never be satisfac The Sunday School in Carlow was in existence torily completed as the unacquired portion of for 30 years when J .K.L. collected the Returns the " Beechville " garden projected and still of Schools in 1824. Others who taught were projects into the Railway yard. Timothy Deane of Montgomery St.-a tailor, We now meet two modern houses owned Tom Murphy of Burrin St., and John Murohy bv Mr. Hooper (Highfield) and Mr. Tom O'Neill of Collel?'e St. A Mrs. Murphy who lived in (Gayville). When the excavatin~ was being Tullow Street in the shop now occupied by done under the bridge by the Railway Co., all

THE AUTOBAHN TWENTY the earth was pitched on the site occupied by view-are two neat cottages built by the Bruen these houses-hence their great height above family. They are occupied by the Lyons family. road level. One of them said to me recently: "We were The "Bluebell Inn" was the first coach always known as Lyons's of the Hill, but now ing inn in Carlow on the road from Dublin. we'll have to be called Lyons's of the Hollow." This inn was acquired by the Railway Company when the line was built and had to be demolish ORIGINAL DUBLIN ROAD ed as it stood in the way. A house, the present It must not be forgotten that the Dublin Bluebell, was built in its place some 30 yards Road in its original direction was the main nearer the town. coach road to Carlow. It therefore passed through. the present demesne of Oak Park, FROM THE AUTOBAHN covering a district that was formerly a parish As we ascend the hill to our recently near Carlow. eontructed autobahn and look to the right and The original road ran through the -view the Fever Hospital built in 1829 and sup demesne gates, passing Lennon's cottage on to ported by Grand Jury presentments, we can see Ballaghmoon Cross, and hence to Morrin's a built-up gateway in the stone wall. It is Cross, where it meets the present road. thought that the original roadway, prior to the It can be traced on maps prior to the building of the Railway, ran across the present time that the Bruen family constructed the Permanent Way to the hospital. present road, which turns off at the Railway Bridge to the right and has recently been re CO. INFIRMARY constructed and raised to meet the demands of Let us come back now to the Co. Infirm modern traffic, and to conform with the excel ary, which was built some time before 1837. In lent highway that stretches nearly three miles Samuel Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of outside the town to meet the boundary of Co. Ireland, published in 1837, he says: "The Kildare .. County Infirmary is supported by Grand Jury I have been told that the old road coming presentments and local subscriptions aided by from the north turned to the right some 100 a parliamentary grant." yards inside Oak Park gate on to the present It was controlled by a Board of Govern avenue to the Beet Factory offices and thus ,ors mostly drawn from what was then termed joining Athy Road. · "The Ascendancy Class." It was a voluntary .hospital, to which gifts of food were supplied THE NEW ROAD annually. After the passing of the Local Gov In the Grand Jury List of Spring 1849 ernment Act in 1898, the Co. Council gave an we read of a contract given to build a new road annual grant of from £500 to £600. Some outside the wall of the Oak Park demesne. The members of the County Council, called Wardens, first reads: the Boa.rd of Governors, Clergy and Doctors in "To Charles Nowlan, Contractor, to open, the county, recommended the patients by issu form, level, fence and drain and make 657 ing tickets for entry into the Infirmary. The perches of a new road from Carlow to Bal late Dr. O'Meara held a Dispensary on three tinglass between the North end of the fall days per week there. He succeeded a Dr. O'Cal ing at Railu·ay Bridge on the Dublin Road laghan. in Rathnapish, and Ballyvergal Bridge (the present Knocknagee Cross) at the Co. PAYING PATIENTS Kildflre bounds." I have seen a Register dating from 1895 The second contract was granted at the to 1925. Up to 1902, all patients were free, but General Assizes held in Carlow on Monday, -seemingly finances were getting strained at that 22nd July, 1850: stage, as a new column is introduced into the "To Charles Nowlan, Contractor, to open, Register. under the heading "Amount to be paid form, level, fence and drain and make 141 per day." The amount paid ranged from 6d. perches of a new road from Carlow to Kil per day to 6/- per day. This heading ceases in cullen Bridge between Ballyvergal Bridge 1922. The Register finishes in 1925, when the and bound<1 of the Co. Kildare, near the Board of Health took it over. corner of James Dcyle's field in Knockna gee i-t1, Co. Kildare and between the west MENTAL HOSPITAL bounds of Gurteengrove in the Co. Carlow We now approach the back gate of the near Thomas Byrne's field in Knocknagee Mental Hospital. I know Miss Treacy has dealt aforesaid and the east bounds of Gurteen with it in her paper tm Athy Road, so I will grove aforesaid at Thomas Byrne's field in deal with it in a few words. It was built in 1826 Knocknagee.'' to serve the counties of Carlow, Kilkenny, Wex Before we meet Oak Park Gates on the ford and Kildare at an expense, including cost old road, there is a field on the right, just past ,of erection and purchase of land and furniture, Newholme, owned by the College Trustees. The of £22,552-10-4. According to Samuel Lewfs deed WliS completed on December 14th, 1809, "It is under excellent regulation and is calcu when a sum of £488-11-6 was paid to Mr. Matt. lated to accommodate 104 lunatics and attached Redmond and Mr. O'Farrell (both brewers in to it are 15:l acres of land. The number of Carlow on site where now stands the Town Hall) patients in the summer of 1836 was 99." This for intfirest in lease of 10 acres, 2 roods of was at a time when the population of Ireland Raheenapish. was 8 million. Subsequently, in the early six ties, the Wexford patients were transferred to OAK PARK Enniscorthy. Fr. Hickey says that his mother Oak Park got its name only when the well remembered the passage of the Wexford Bruen family took over the demesne. It was so mental patients to Enniscorthy via Kildavin. called because of the considerable oak planta They were moved on side-cars. tions that existed there. Originally it was call We mount again to our speed-track and ed Painstown. down on our left-completely blocked from The Bruen family came to Carlow from TWENTY-ONE the West of Ireland. They bought the estate, of the Protestant Church. Though they were a and the first owner and purchaser of the lands strong Protestant family, it should be emphas was Henry Bruen, who took possession of the ised th.at the Bruens did not confiscate Oak place in 1787. The Bruens had been Cromwel Park, but bought it in the open market. lian settlers from Connaught. It was this Henry The lands had, indeed, been confiscated Bruen who built the main structure of Oak Park by a Norman family of the name of Cooke, who House. His son, Col. Bruen, built the two wings, were Catholics and espoused the cause of King east and west. Later, one of these wings was James II. Hence their property was taken over burnt down, but was re-built by Col. Bruen's by the Crown and sold to the Bruen family. The son, Rt.. Hon. Henry Bruen. great Oak Groves can still be seen and the old The architect of the original part of the Catholic cemetery of the Cooke family exists to house was Johnston, who was also architect to this day. There was also a Catholic oratory in the General Post Office in Dublin. He also built the grounds. About two years ago a member of the great gateway at Oak Park and, indeed, it the Cooke family now in England visited Oak is to him we are indebted for the architecture Park and was entertained by the recently de of Carlow Courthouse, which is also linked with ceased Capt. Bruen. with the Dublin Road. The present Oak Park was in the parish The pillars and capitals at Oak Park formerly called Painstown, but which is now resemble those of the Courthouse. included in the parish of Carlow. So much for the outer reaches of the BRUEN FAMILY Dublin Road along which the coaches trundled The first Henrv Bruen of Oak Park. the on their way into Carlow carrying many a Colonel, his son, and his son, Rt. Hon. Henry famous person, includ~ng the novelist Thack Bruen and his wife, who was a Miss Connolly of eray, who visited the town in 1841. Celbridge, are buried in the family vault at Nurney, Co. Carlow. The Bruen family built ( An account of the Convent of Mercy appears the village of Nurney and were big benefactors on page 26 as a separate article').

THE COUNTY INFIRMARY TWENTY-TWO Miss Alice Treacy gives this account of PAINSTOWN on one of our Summer Excursions HE ruins that remain at Painstown (Oak during 1956 TPark) were the subject of another Sum mer excursion. Miss Tracey gave an out line of the local history. She said that fact, Barry was about the only Protestant they are probably those of a house where land owner in the district. Friars sheltered and perhaps said Mass, and to which the people made their way Kernanstown, Pollerton (Big and Little) along the " Friary Lane." and the parishes of Killerig and Urglin were completely in the hands of the I~ish The place itself was then known as the Papists, as it was the custom of the time Hill and was part of the Kilkea and to dub them. The predominating name in Moone estate. We can picture it as some the locality in those days was Wall ( or thing of a wilderness covered with trees Wale as it was often spelt). Apropos of and dense scrub. In the third decade or this I may recall one Mick Wall mentioned so of the last century it was purchased by by William Farrell in his diary of " Carlow Col. Bruen to make a public road in lieu in '98." of the one which ran through his property. Wall was a relative of Farrell and He also bought the Best property, suffered abominable tortures in an en and romantic legend has it that Best deavour by the authorities to extract gambled his estate on a last throw of the information re the activities, of the United dice and lost, but in any case the small Irishmen, of which Society he was a holdings round about disappeared, and the member. He lived at Painstown, comfort Colonel enclosed his demesne and built his ably situated " owning £100 in cash, a few imposing entrance providing relief work acres of land and had five cows, besides during the Famine years. The road was his trade." Poor Wall collapsed under duly built 1tnd the Hill fenced in as a deer torture, but the "walking gallows," a park, eventually becoming as it is now, a Sergeant of the Ninth Dragoons, com very fine golf links in a setting of attrac pleted his work, and the body , was added tive scenery. to the pile in Crappy Hole. PAINSTOWN CHURCH Farrell goes on: " His ancestors ( the Walls) held large estates in the County Though it is on record that Painstown Carlow and in the wars of Ireland held Church was used as a parish church, there the rank of Captains and Colonels in the is no indication as to the period-probably army. Though they lost their estates and it was before the time of the old penal were obliged to earn their bread, they did chapel at the College Street end of the not lose the ancient noble spirit" Dublin Road. The name Painstown recalls another family name prevalent in the area. Lewis Even the traditfonal pattern . day .. has tells us that the townland consisted of not come down to us, and consequently 2,153 acres, of which 1,855 are in the there is not even that clue to its dedication. barony of Carlow, and that the name is Painstown estate was, in 1614, in the pos at least as old as Queen Elizabeth's reign. session of a Protestant named James Barry. It is probably derived, he says, from His name re-appears in the Down Survey one of the persons named Paganus who map which was drawn in 1859 by George were connected with the district earlv in Marshall. The acreage is given as 589 the 13th century. The modern form is, Statute with a church and castle to the of course, Payne. · South-East of it. COOKE FAMILY The adjoining property of Dunganstown (now Bestfield and Newgarden) consisted From Barry's time I have not been able of 271 acres and a castle near the Barrow, to trace the name of any owner of Pains and was owned by James Butler, an Irish town until the Cookes appear on the scene. papist. Strangely, in contrast with Carlow's They presumably occupied it in the 17th position as an outpost of the Pale and the century. Some of them are buried here struggle between the Confederate and in the ruins. The oldest decipherable tomb Government forces centering around Carlow is that of Mrs. Anne Cooke, nee Butler, about this time, most of the properties in who died in 1710 at the age of 47. Her the vicinity were owned by Catholics. In husband William died in 1722 aged 77, and TWENTY-THREE Thomas, probably their son, who died in to have been a gem in the classical style, 1761 in the 78th year of his age. a facsimile of a Greek temple, but it was never finished, as his victory over Dan Fourteen years after this date, in 1775, O'Connell, Junior, in the July election of we find Henry Bruen as the proprietor. 1841 led to the building of St. Anne's Descended from a member of a Cheshire Church (now St. Clare's, Graiguecullen), family who came to Ireland as an officer Athy Road, as a memorial to the occasion. in Cromwell's army and got a grant of land near Boyle, Co. Roscommon, Henry It was he who had the· demesne wall Bruen purchased properties in Bagenals built and during the Famine gave a plot of town area as well as Painstown, which he land as a burial ground for the victims. re-named Oak Park. He was elected M.P. He died shortly after his return to West for the County in 1790 and died in 1795. minster in the 1852 election, and was He had been made a Colonel of the Carlow succeeded by his son Henry, who repre Militia in 1793. He was buried with full sented the constituency from 1857 until military honours " in his new town of 1880, and his death closed, I think, the Nurney." connection of the family with Parlia mentary life. COLONEL BRUEN The only other item of information His son Henry was elected for Parlia regarding Painstown I can offer you is ment in 1812 soon after coming of age, the mention of a pay school in Dr. Martin and he, too, became a Colonel in the Militia. Brenan's Schools of Kildare and Leighlin. He stood as candidate in nine elections, where, under the parish of Tinryland, New topped the poll in six, appealed the result Acre or New Garden, Painstown, teacher in the other three, succeeding on one Patrick or William Hennessy is listed. The occasion in getting the seat (1835). school in 1824 had 20 Catholics attending, paying 2/6 pel· quarter, and the school It was a stormy time in Irish politics building was a small hut or outhouse. and he had sturdy opponents. Dr. Doyle became Bishop of Kildare and Leighlin, Oak Park is in the Catholic parish of and the initials of J.K.L. became well Carlow, and the Church of Ireland Rector known in the press of the time. of St. Mary's has the additional designation of Rector of Painstown. Apropos of this, Catholic Emancipation was a major a further quotation from Lewis will not be issue, and Col. Bruen, Tory though he was, out of place: " The rectory is appropriate with a strict sense of justice, voted in to the Dean and Chapter of Leighlin. The favour of the measure. tithes amount to £89 Os. Oid., of which £59 6s. 8d. is payable to the dean and £29 He was well educated and highly cul 13s. 4id. to the impropriate curate. Divine tured, with a deep sense of religion. He service is performed in a house licensed commenced to build a church for family for the purpose. There is a school sup use in the grounds of Oak Park. It was ported by Col. Bruen."

CARLOW WALL

"The Nationalist and Leinster Times" of November 23, 1901, states that during the demolition of an old premises in Dublin Street to make way for the present Provincial Bank premises an interesting discovery was made. One of the party walls of the old house was composed of portion of the old Town Wall of Carlow-the last bit left standing. It was between seven and eight feet in thickness, surmounted by a stone chimney and containing several flues, all built of stone .. It was also mentioned that the stone used in the front of the Bank building would be cut from stone taken from Major Fitzmaurice's quarries at Springhill. TWENTY-FOUR l •

Phcto: L. D. Bergin.

11 OAK PARK II GRAND ~GATE.

TWENTY-FIVE r • Sisters of Mercy Ill Carlow By MARY O'NEILL

O deal with the Mercy Convent, allow diocese, she was the youngest daughter of Tme to start with Carlow College, which John Warde, Belbrook House, Mountrath, was opened to students in 1793.. Dean Queen's County. She it was _who took the Henry Staunton, first Prestdent of the first Mercy Nuns to U.S.A. m 1843. She College and Parish Priest of Carlow, died there in 1884. A sum of £3,000 was acquired lands as they became available, given the Sisters b~ John Nowlan, bro~her and at the time of his death in 1814, had of Michael and a sister, an elderly maiden 18 acres of land. lady, was ~qually liberal to their charities. It was thus through the foresight of JOURNEY TO CARLOW Dean Staunton that Dr. Edward Nolan. The Sisters, accompanied by Mother Bishop of Kildare and Leighlin, and Dr: McAuley, set out for Carlow from. Baggot Fitzgerald, who slucceeded Dean Staunton Street, Dublin, on the 10th April, 1837. as President of Carlow College, were in a The morning of their departure was damp position to invite the Sisters of Mercy to and gloomy, and it did not improve as they come to Carlow. polted their way along bumpy roads in Let us look at the entrance gate-the Purcell's Mail Coach. It was market day fine cut stone arch and ornamental iron in Carlow, and the streets were filled with work with the lettering H.S. 1792 A.D. country folk who were enjoying themselves (H.S. denoting Henry Staunton), which after their morning's buying and selling. were brought from the Parish Church. The Mail Coach made its way through This Church referred to here was that the crowds slowly and drove on to the which replaced the Chapel in the Quarry Posting Inn (now Restrick's), where the and around which the present Cathedral Bishop, Clergy and a great number of the is built. laity were waiting to welcome the nuns. SISTERS' FOUNDATION TO THE CATHEDRAL It was Dr. Edward Nolan, Bishop of Dr. Nolan 'led the Sisters to the Kildare and Leighlin and successor to Cathedral, where in the presence of a large J.K.L., who applied for the establishment congregation the Te Deum was sung. Then of the foundation in 1836. Mother Mary he brought them to the College, where Dr. McAuley, foundress of the Mercy Order, Fitzgerald had a banquet prepared. who had been appointed Guardian to her In the evening they accepted the invita three orphan nephews, sent them to the tion of the Presentation nuns to tea. Later lay department of Carlow College to be they took possession of their new home, educated. She felt she owed a debt of and on the following morning, the Feast of gratitude to Carlow and hastened to fulfil St. Leo, Dr. Nolan celebrated Mass for Dr. Nolan's wishes. Father James Maher. them, blessed the house, and dedicated it uncle of Cardinal Cullen, was Administrator to St. Leo. in Carlow at this time. Their temporary Convent was the Old A LEGACY College Academy, which was on the site of A legacy of £7,000 bequeathed to the present Domestic Science Room of St. Bishop Nolan by a hard-working man who Leo's School. It had been used by the kept a delf shop in Carlow led to the com College aD an overflow for their lay pletion of the establishment. To Mother students. McAuley in St. Mary's, Boggot Street MAIL COACH HOTEL Bishop Nolan wrote: "The house pre~ A Mrs. Nolan lived in a two-storeyed pared is not exactly what we would wish, house next door, where the present bicycle but we will soon build. The interest on shed is erected, and five of the younger Michael Nowlan's money, given them in nuns had their dormitory in her house perpetuity, will enable these to be~in at until the building of the new convent was once their labours among the sick and completed. I have been told that the poor. As a small donation, I give them Sisters on their arrival in Carlow lived in the Convent and Grounds." the Mail Coach Hotel. Perhaps the Old It must have been very old-Mother College Academy had been a Hotel before McAuley wrote of the dacages of a storm being bought by the College Trustees. On that di~ much injury throughout the tlie other hand, the late Father L. Kehoe, country m 1839: " The Sisters in Carlow P.P., wrote that the present Mercy Convent spent the night in the choir-part of their stands on the site occupied by the Mail roof was blown down and the beautiful Coach Hotel. · cathedral much injured." The new Convent for the Sisters was Mother Frances Warde was the first blessed and opened on July 1st, 1839. It Superior in Carlow. A native of the comprised the present central block of TWENTY-SIX basement and two storeys. The third School at Pollerton. The house was a barn storey was a much later addition. for which £10 a year rent was paid. As the district was very populous, the attend SCHOOL FOR GIRLS ance was usually over 100. It was not At the request of the Bishop, and many under the National Board. of the influential townspeople, Mother The Pollerton School was so small and McAuley opened a school at St. Leo's for such a distance from the Convent the girls. Up to then, these well-off children Sisters were anxious for a better ventilated went abroad to finish their education. This and more commodious house. With the Pension School was opened on May 1st, sanction of Rt. Rev. Dr. Walshe, they took 1840, in the present community room. The a plot of ground near the Station House at nuns also taught Catechism in the Parish a rent of £10 per year. The foundation Church in Graiguecullen, where Father stone was laid on the 16th July, 1869, and James Maher was Parish Priest later. the school was opened on March 19th, 1870, and called St. Joseph's School. A legacy CARDINAL WISEMAN left to Mother Catherine Maher of St. In 1858, Cardinal Wiseman visited Leo's (a native of Kilrush, Co. Kildare) Carlow at the invitation of Rev. M. Rose made it possible to build the School. An Strange to preach in the Cathedral for the addition was built in 1928. benefit of the House of Mercy. The pro Carter's Field, between the College and ceeds of the sermon, £190, were at once the Convent, was purchased by the Rev. applied to finish the second dormitory and Mother Michael Byrne (a native of Link build a kitchen and cells for the lay Sisters. ardstown) for £20 for the purpose of While the Cardinal was on his way to growing vegetables and potatoes, but as all dine at Braganza, there were such crowds were being stolen, she sold it to Dr. John pressing eagerly round the carriage that a Foley, President, Carlow College, for £50 poor woman named Kity Breen had her in 1908. legs broken. The Cardinal later wrote from London enquiring for Kotty Breen JOLLY'S LAUNDRY and enclosed a few pounds to supply her At the left-hand side facing the with comforts during her illness. He Convent there was the Protestant House wrote, while ill, a play called " The Witch of Industry and later Jolly's laundry. It of Rosenberg " for the pupils of St. Leo's. was really owned by the Bruens and Jolly GASLIGHT managed it. About forty years ago the Gas was introduced to light the Convent Sis.ters bought it and rented the front on 3rd January, 1861, and in the same portion (the present Music Room) (window year, with the permission of Rt. Rev. Dr. on Dublin Road) to Mr. Breen, father of Walsh, the Sisters opened an Infant Boys' the late Father Breen of Paulstown.

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JN the early years of the century a very popular form of enjoyment. in the Barrow Valley was the "Boating Party." The barge that hauled merchandise on the Barrow during the week got a thorough scrubbing on Saturday, and on Sunday morning presented a resplendant picture, ornamented with flags and bunting, to carry its merry throng to one of the many beauty spots along the river. The mode of pro pulsion was, of course, a pair of horses that trotted along the towing path. The following poem by William O'Leary appeared in "The Knockbeg Annual ": A BARROW BOAT So we .hired a Barrow boat, nicely tarred and lined in red, Just the finest one afloat, spdendid awning overhead. When the autumn air was bland on a lovely August day, ' Flutes and fiddles playing grand, we departed from the quay. Ii Like the snail that glides along beds of oriental flowers, Disregarding language strong go these noble steeds of ours. Under shady woods we wind passing hills of heath and gorse, Leaving everything behind except t.he driver and the horse. TWENTY-SEVEN In this article Rev. Fr. Hickey, Kiltegan, traces the history of the K'Eoghs of Kilbride, and tells the story of A Famous Election Campaign

HE paternal ancestors of Colonel John The third son, Thomas Molyneux, became T Henry K'Eogh of Kilbride were for a Captain in the British Army. The fourth generations a landed Catholic family at son, William Somerset, was for many years Castletroy, Co. Limerick. Librarian at Dublin Museum. These lands passed from the family, The daughters were (1) Georgina, (2) which moved to Loughlinstown, near Elizabeth, (3) Harriet, ( 4) Emily, (5) Clondalkin, Co. Dublin (not to be confused Adelaide Maria. Georgina and Emily with the village of the same name on the married in Co. Wexford. Elizabeth and Dublin-Bray road). Adelaide Maria married in Co. Carlow. Harriet died young. Colonel K'Eogh's great grandfather was a Catholic. He married a non-Catholic, KILBRIDE BOUGHT Miss Rose Clopton, of Clopton Hall, close to Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire. There On the death of his father, Mr. K'Eogh two sons were born of this marriage and and his family left Eccles Street and went were being reared Catholics, but their to reside in Loughlinstown. He resided parents died while they were young. They there until 1836, when he bought the were then taken by their mother's parents Kilbride estate, Co. Carlow. This estate to Clopton Hall and reared in the included not only Kilbride House and Protestant tenets. demesne and townland, but also Alt.amount, Sherwood Park, Boggan, Ballykeenan, and When the elder son attained his a part of Sherwood. The estate belonged majority he returned to Loughlinstown and to the Baillie family. Mr. George Baillie took possession of his father's property. died in 1827; his wife, Mrs. Jane Baillie, He married and raised a family. died in 1833. After her death the estate The eldest son of this marriage was was sold and was bought by Mr. K'Eogh, George Rous K'Eogh, and was born in who then sold his Loughlinstown property 1791. In 1817 he married Marianne, and with his family took up residence in daughter of General Sir Thomas Molyneux, Kilbride. Bart., Castledillon, Co. Armagh. He made many improvements on his estate. He enlarged the house by the When Mr. George Rous K'Eogh mar :ied Miss Molyneux he took up residence m Eccles Street, Dublin. Nine children were born of his marriage-four sons and MOLYNEUX FAMILY five daughters. The sons were (1) George Rous, (2) John Henry, (3) Thomas Moly- The Molyneux: family of Armagh was a branch of the English family of that name who came: from neux, ( 4) William Somerset. · France and settled in England in the year 1,100. The English family remained Cathotlic down the The eldest son, George Rous, died centuries and were conspicuous for their loyalty to young. The second son, John Henry, was the Faith. John Molyneux of Melling, was a con born June 10th, 1820. He was educated at stant confessor for the Faith under Queen Elizabeth, King William's College, Isle of Man, and and his son and grandson both died in arms fight ing for King Charles at Newbury. Father Thomas at the University of Lausanne, Switzer Molyneux, S.J., was a cornfessor of the Faith at the land. He entered the army in 1841 as time of Oates's Plot, meeting death. from illtreat ensign to the 30th East Lancashire Regi ment in Morpeth gaol, 12th January, 1681. The ment, and retired in 1850 with rank of main stem of this family remained staunch during the worst time,s. Captain. The founder of the Irish Molyneux family On the enrolment of the militia force settled in Ireland about 1640. He conformed to the in 1853 he was appointed Lieutenant state religion and got grants· of land in Counties -Colonel of the Carlow Rifles. He was Armagh, Kildare, Limerick and Queein's--in all 12,693 acres. He fixed his family seat at Castle promoted Colonel in 1871, and resigned in dillon, Co. Armagh, and occupied a castle near the 1880, and was appointed honorary Colonel. lake on Ca.stledillon demesne. TWENTY-EIGITT His charity and benevolence of heart were particularly manifest during the Famine years '47 and '48. During the famine he converted his oaten crop each year into meal which he distributed to the poor and needy. He formed a small committee to help him in his charitable work. He also had food in the form of bread and porridge prepared daily in his house and distributed to the poor. In this charitable manner he saved many lives during those sad years. There is a very touching incident told of that period. In the July of 1847 a Co. Wexford man in a prostrate and exhausted condition was found in a hay field near Kilbride House-he had not partaken of food for a week. Mr. K'Eogh had him brought to Kilbride House where he was nursed by the Misses K'Eogh, but he was too exhausted and died. Mr. K'Eogh paid CREST OF THE K'EOGH FAMILY the funeral expenses. In the summer of 1850 Mr. K'Eogh addition of a cut-stone wing and square visited Holland. He became suddenly ill tower in the Italian style of architecture. and died in Rotterdam, August 8th, 1850. He is buried in the English cemetery in ST. BRIGID'S CHURCH Rotterdam. Near the house in a portion of the The news of his death caused sorrow grounds called the " Bleach Gr~e~ " stood and regret not only in Kilbride, but in the the ancient church of St. Br1g1d, from surrounding districts where he was much which the district gets its name. The late esteemed and loved. Mr. Edmond K'Eogh of Kilbride House informed the late Mr. Edward O'Toole that Dr. Haly, Bishop of Kildare and a very old employee on the Kilbride estate Leighlin, was visiting Kilkenny at the time remembered seeing the remains of an old church in a portion of the grounds called the "Bleach Green." The church was demolished and its material was used in ORIGIN OF THE NAME other buildings. The name Keogh or Kehoe is of Leinster origin At the end of the Kilbride demesne wall and is derived from Eochaidh who was son of Eanna Ceannsalach, King of Hy Kinsellagh in St. near the Ballon-Kildavin road is a two Patrick's time in Ireland. His descendants added storey cottage which one hundred and the prefix Mac to the name and formed the Clan twenty years ago was a pay school con MacKeogh or MacKehoe. ducted by Mr. Montague, a Catholic. He The Clan occupied the plains of Maghlaighlan was a very efficient teacher of English and Magh Liffe-about the northern half of the grammar, mathematics, geometry, and present County Kildare. Their possessions com mensuration. His school was a great boon prised the present baronies of Clane and Salt, and the greater part of Oughterrany, the town of to the children of the Kilbride district. Naas, and the churches of Clane, Laraghbrian Besides his property in Kilbride, Mr. (near Maynooth), Donaghmore, Cloncurry and K'Eogh had property in Holland and a Feighcull.en. villa in Lausanne, Switzerland. The villa The Clan MacKeogh were driven from this fer was called" Mon Repos." Here Mr. K'Eogh tile territory, about the year 1202, by Myler Fitz and his family lived a part of each year, Henry and his followers when the MacKeoghs had and here, too, some of his children were to retire into Carlow, Wicklow and Wexford. educated. Other branches of this Clan settled in the present baronies of Owney and Arra in Tipperary, and Mr. K'Eogh was very patriotic and Owneybeg in the County Limerick. national in his politics, and was held in Among the attainted in 1642 were Thomas the highest esteem by persons of every Mac Kehoe, and William MacKehoe of Knockan shade of politics. He was very friendly darragh, County Wicklow. The laws against using with the Catholic clergy of Ballon, Myshall Irish prerfixes O' and Mac in Irish sirnames were and Clonegal, and always defended the so rigidly enforced in the counties of Carlow, rights of the people. He was particularly Wicklow and Wexford, that the Mac was abandon friendly with Dr. Haly, Bishop of Kildare ed in this family name after that period. and Leighlin. TWENTY-NINE ------~--~-~-----

of Mr. K'Eogh's death. He sent the follow The above letter is now the treasured ing letter of sympathy to John Henry possession of Colonel K'Eogh's grandson, K'Eogh, Kilbride: Mr. John K'Eogh, Rathgar, Dublin. On the envelope in the Colonel's handwriting Kilkenny, is: Letter of Right Rev. Dr. Haly, Bishop 20th August, '50. Dear Sir, of Kildare and Leighlin. Permit me to assure you in a spirit of great sincerity how deeply I regret the heavy domestic Mr. K'Eogh was succeeded in Kilbride calamity with which it has pleased Heav,en to visit you in the death of your most respectable and re by his son, John Henry, who inherited his spected father. The death of that excellent gentle~ father's fine qualities of mind and heart. man, I am persuaded, is a source of regret to Like his father, he was patriotic and persons of every shade of politics and religion who national in his outlook. He was then thirty have had the happiness and honour of his acquaint ance. To those of his own class and to those who, years old. He was tall and strikingly are placed below him in the social scale he has left handsome, even in temper, entirely without an example well worthy of imitation. With every pose or pretence, and showed breeding to good wish I have the honour to remain, his finger-tips. He possessed a deep know Dear Sir, ledge of Irish history,which was illum Your obliged and faithful se•vant, inated by a genuine patriotism. He took + F. HALY John K'Eogh, Esq., a great interest in the well-being of his Kilbride, tenants and his own farm at Kilbride was Ballon. a model one.

VICTORY FOR NATIONALISM THE COUNTY CARLOW ELECTIONS OF 1852 AND 1880

In 1852 the English Liberal Government Colonel Bruen and Captain Bunbury were ac under Lord John Russell was, on February companied by Sir Chas. Burton, Bart, Colonel 20th, voted out of power by a majority of nine. Bunbury, John Dawson Duckett, William Duck The new Prime Minister, Lord Derby, an ett, Horace Rochfort, the Knight of Kerry, R. nounced that Parliament would be disolved in Clayton Brown, William Duckett, John Watson, the summer. Before the dissolution County Thos. H. Watson, Samuel Watson, John New Carlow was represented by Colonel Bruen of ton, Hugh Falkner, John J. Lecky and J. W. Oak Park, and Captain McClintock Bunbury of Bath; also Dr. Rawson, Captain Richards, Cap Lisnavagh in the Conservative and Unionist tain Steele and Captain Frizelle. interests. The Borough of Carlow was repre J. H. Hamilton, as counsel; Edward Johnson, sented by Mr. Clayton Brown. assessor., and A. Bate, Esq., conducting agent, In the General Election of 1852 Colonel John were present. Henry K'Eogh of Kilbride, County Carlow, Colonel K'Eogh and Mr. Ball were accom made his first appearance in Irish public life by panied by the Very Rev. James Maher, P.P., consenting to be nominated as a candidate for Carlow-Graigue, Very Rev. Denis Lawler, P.P., parliamentary election to represent his adopted V.G., Bagenalstown, the Rev. D. McCarthy, Mr. county in the national and democratic interests. John Nolan, Mr. Edward Cullen, Mr. Robert The Nationalists decided to put forward two Kenny and several others. candidates. A deputation waited on Colonel The Knight of Kerry proposed Colonel Bruen K'Eogh at Kilbride. He gladly consented to to represent the constituency. Mr. J. Dawson become a candidate. Duckett seconded the nomination. It was a great victory for the National cause Mr. Clayton Brown proposed Captain McClin to have a young Protestant landlord to do his tock Bunbury. Mr. Horace Rochfort seconded part in the regeneration of his country. Mr. the mot.ion. Thomas Ball, a son of Judge Ball, was also Mr. Paul Carter said that several gentlemen selected as a Nationalist candidate. The two had come forward to represent the county who candidates and their supporters addressed meet had offered to defray the expenses of constitu ings in every part of the county. It exceeded tionally contesting it, but the Roman Catholic in enthusiasm and ardour the famous O'Con clergy had said: "No, we will have the son of nell-Bruen election of 1841. For years it was our well-known and tried friend George Roces spoken of as " The K'Eogh and Ball Election." K'Eogh" ( cheers), whom he had now the hon Colonel K'Eogh defrayed all his election ex our of coming forward to propose. Mr. John penses. We value a man's sincerity by the ex Nolan Reconded the motion. tent to which he puts his hand in his purse for The Very Rev. Denis Lawler, P.P., V.G., a noble cause. next addressed the assembly and was received The nomination of two candidates to repre as the " Kilkenny Moderator " reports it "with sent the county in Parliament took place on uproarious shouting, counter shouts, and tre Monday, July 19th, 1852, at the Courthouse, mendous uproar." Carlow. At ten o'clock Sir Clement Wolsley, He said " he had never come forward on an Bart, High Sheriff of the County, took his seat occasion which gave him more pleasure than on the hustings, and shortly afterwards the did the present, when he was about to propose rival candidates made their appearance, and to their notice as a colleague for the son of were warmly greeted by their respective sup their excellent friend Mr. George Roces K'Eogh porters. (cheers), Mr. Thomas Ball, the son of one of THIRTY ,our most upright Catholic judges that ever sat on the bench." Mr. .John Hanlon of Grange seconded the nomination. Mr. John Sadlier was proposed and seconded for the Borough of

Mr. ,J. Lecky demanded a poll on behalf of The result was made known on Friday even Colonel Bruen and Captain Bunbury. The High ing and is as follows : - Sheriff granted the poll which was fixed for Barony of Carlow: Bruen 178; Bunbury 172; ·Thursday and Friday, July 22nd and 23rd, K'Eogh 117; Ball 122. The polling took place on the appointed days, Barony of Idrone East: Bruen 235; Bunbury and was taken for the first time at the appoint 226; K'Eogh 118; Ball 128. ed places of Carlow, Bagnalstown, · Borris and Barony of Idrone West: Bruen 67; Bunbury ·Tullow. 66; K'Eogh 140; Ball 139. At this time the country had not recovered Barony of Lr. St. Mullins: Bruen 141; Bun from the effects of the great Famine of 1847. bury 14-1; K'Eogh 13; Ball 13. No Ballot Act had been passed, aJnd electors Barony of Rathvilly: Bruen 159; Bunbury had to make a declaration as to whom they 162; K'Eogh 297: Ball 301. -should vote for. Barony of Forth: Bruen 79; Bunbury 79; VOTE QUALIFICATION K'Eogh 135; Ball 135. Barony of Upper St. Mullins: Bruen 32; The qualification for a vote was a valuation Bunbury 32; K'Eogh 55; Ball 55. -of £10, and as there was no Tenant Right and (a) Total Poll: Bruen 891; Bunbury 878; no Fixity of Tenure we can understand what an K'Eogh 875; Ball 893. ordeal it was, and what moral courage it re ·quired for a farmer to go into the polling Colonel Bruen and Mr. Ball were declared station and vote against the landlord or his elected. Colonel K'Eogh lodged an appeal nominee. against the election of Colonel Bruen on the The election "was a sharp race, a close con grounds that his supporters had exercised un test, one of unexampled excitement unpreced due influence and intimidation on some of the ented in Co. Carlow." voters, but as Col. Bruen died the following November the appeal was dropped. "Twenty-five out-voters (among whom were Colonel K'Eogh's election defeat did not Sir John Ribton, Bart, and other gentlemen) le3sen his interest in National and local affairs. recorded their votes in Carlow for Colooel He was a member of the Co. Carlow Grand Bruen and Captain Bunbury. Many of them Jury, a Magistrate for the county, and a mem came from England, such as Mr. Henry Mal ber of the Carlow Poor Law Guardians. The -comson, civil engineer, from Nottingham; people regarded him as the defender of justice others were after polling in different counties, and right. He inherited his liberal principles and Mr. James Hans Hamilton arrived by the from his father, George Roces K'Eogh, a man of 1.0 o'clock train, polled in Carlow, and returned singular sturdiness and independence as the by the next train to attend his own election in following ircident will show. Co. Dublin. In fact the enthusiasm of the out voters in the grand cause surpassed anything £500 FINE ,ever witnessed on former occasions, and they are entitled to the thanks of the Conservations The Colonel was High Sheriff of Co. Carlow -of the County." "John Hatchell, Esq., late in 1872. It was his duty to provide carriage Attorney-General, polled his Protestant himself accommodation for, and to escort, the judge of in person for K'Eogh and Ball. Other people Assizes to court. Chief Justice Doherty, a either kept back, or split their votes with Ball, partisan of the Government, wished to slight against Captain Bunbury, which accounts for the High Sheriff because he had been some time the state of the poll last evening." (a) previously under the censure of the House of Commons for his conduct at an election, sought (a) Carlow Sentinel, July 24th, 1852. to exclude him from driving in the carriage THIRTY-ONE with his lordship to the courthouse. The Colonel, " The downfall of Beaconsfieldism is like the however, insisted on his right to do so, jumped vanishing of some vast magnificent castle in an into the carriage. The Chief Justice arraigned Italian romance.'' the offender in court for contempt and assault and fined him £500. Colonel K'Eogh was much pleased with the In early March, 1880, the Beaconsfield result of the elections in Ireland and Parnell's Tory Government resigned and Parliament was success in winning 65 seats to the National dissolved on March 8. A general election Cause. He could take a legitimate pride also in campaign began on March 14. At the dissolu that success because he had done his part by tion of Parliament Co. Carlow was represented seconding the nomination of the National candi by Mr. Henry Bruen of Oak Park, and Mr. dates for Carlow, and by presiding at an election Arthur Kavanagh of Borris. meeting on their behalf. He was also present at a great meeting in Leighlinbridge that was THE BALLOT ACT addressed by Parnell during the election cam paign. He watched with interest Parnell's In 1872 Gladstone passed the (Secret) success in public life from 1874-1880, and he Ballot Act and thereby freed the Irish tenant used say that Parnell was the coming man in from being terrorised by his landlord. Ireland. To oppose the return of Messrs. Bruen and Kavanagh, the candidates selected were the POLITICAL CONVICTIONS Right Hon. Edmund Gray, Lord Mayor of Dub lin, and Mr. Donald Hone McFarlane, of Portland He retained his strong political convictions Place, London. and his love of Ireland to the end of his life. Colonel K'Eogh supported Gray and One of the last acts was to endorse the National McFarlane. A deputation asked him to stand programme by voting for Mr. Cummins at the for the Borough of Carlow. He cpnsented "if a Poor Law elections in the Kilbride division in suitable candidate was not forthcoming." He 1887. withdrew when Mr. Dawson went forward. In the last year of his life his health failed, At the nominations in the Courthouse, and he felt that his life was ebbing away. His Carlow, on Monday, April 5, 1880, Mr. Bruen great sorrow was to part with his children, the was proposed by Sir Thomas Pierce Butler, eldest of whom was but 18 years old, and the Bart., Ballintemple, Tullow, and seconded by youngest 10 years. He died at Kilbride on Sun Horace Rochford, D.L., Clogrennan. day, April 22, 1888, aged 68 years. Mr. Kavanagh was porposed by Sir Clement J. Wolsley, Bart., Mount Wolsley, Tullow, and His funeral, which was very largely attend seconded by Robert Clayton Browne, Browne's ed, took place on April 26 to Aghade cemetery Hill, Carlow, with assenting voters: M. P. where he is interred beside his mother and his Sweetman, Hon. E. Sidney Murphy, James wife and children. Kelly, Thomas Tenant, Richard Tenant, James He was a genuine Irishman and true patriot Maher, Sen., and Michael Donohoe. who "loved his country and served his kind." The Home Rule candidates, the Right Hon. Edward Dwyer Gray, Lord Mayor of Dublin, and Colonel K'Eogh was twice married. He Mr. Donald Hone McFarlane, Portland-place, married first in 1857 Louise Katherine, daughter London, were proposed by the Most Rev. Dr. of Captain Richards, R.N., of Solsborough, Co. Lynch, Coadjutor Bishop of Ki1dare and Leigh Wexford. She died in 1863. George Roces, the lin, and seconded by John Henry K'Eogh, only son of their marriage, died in infancy. Kilbride, Tullow. He married secondly in Neuchatel, Switzer land, in 1869, Frances, daughter of Captain A final election rally, organised by the Rev. Richards, R.N. Six children were born of his P. J. Ryan, C.C., St. Mullins, and held in the second marriage-three sons and three daugh pretty mountain glen at St. Mullins on Sunday, ters. April 4, was the greatest assembled in Carlow His two daughters-Aileen and Ierne since the days of the O'Connell-Bruen election were received into the Catholic Church many of 1841.. years ago. Aileen died in April, 1952, and Ierne died in California, December 22, 1955. She was Polling commenced on Friday, April 9, and the last of the family. on Saturday morning, April 10, the result was declared and was as follows: Gray, 1,224; Mc The Colonel's youngest son, Edmond, Farlane, 1,143; Kavanagh, 704; Bruen, 633 ( c). was received into the Catholic Church many Gray and McFarlane were declared duly elected. years. He died in 1936. He married and had The combined majority of the Nationalist vote an only son, John, who was educated at the over the Tory vote was 1,030. Thus ceased for Dominican Convent School for junior boys, ever Tory representation in Co. Carlow. Wicklow, at Clongowes Wood College, Co. Kil dare, and at University College, Dublin, where Of the 103 seats contested in Ireland, he got his degree in Commerce. He is a charter Parnell g-ained 65, the remaining 38 seats were ed accountant, and is attached to the firm of won by 13 Liberals and 25 Tories respectively. Craig-Gardiner. The new Parliament under the leadership of In 1904 the Kilbride estate was purchased Mr. Gladstone was composed of 347 Liberals, by the tenants under the provisions of Wynd 240 Tories, and 65 Nationalists. England and ham Land Act of 1903. About 15 years ago Mr. Wales contributed 282 Liberals, Scotland 52 John K'Eogh sold his Kilbride farm to the Land · Liberals, and Ireland 13 Liberals. England and Commission. The demesne has been subdivided Wales contributed 207 Tories, Scotland 8 Tories, into su:itable farms and worked by industrious and Ireland 25 Tories. farmers. The K'Eogh name has ceased in Kil Of the general election Gladstone wrote : - bride, but its record is an honourable one. THIRTY-TWO The Birth of Carlow College By REV. P. J. BROPHY

JN the story of nations there are moments of the seaports who had grown wealthy by · when a sudden uprush of energy rallies the trading with the continent when every other national will-to-survive against the forces of avenue of advancement was closed to them. decay. Tentative efforts were made by the Catholic Such a moment came in Ireland during the clergy to improve on the hedge schools. No reign of Elizabeth and later on against the Catholic school was permitted. All priests were Commonwealth. In neither case was the effort educated illegally abroad in Spain, France, Italy to throw off Tudor or Cromwellian domination or the Low Countries. successful. Weakened by these strenuous wars Only in 1782 did the law make it possible which culminated in the flight of the Earls and for Catholics to open a school and even then the flight of the Wild Geese after the Treaty of dependent on the will of the Protestant clergy. Limerick, the Irish people entered upon what In spite of a hundred years of unexampled mis must be regarded as the most depressed period government the Irish experienced at the end of of their existence. the XVIIIth century a revival of energy which The great revolution of 1688 in England made possible the Ireland of to-day. was the rejection of the absolute monarchy of No need was greater than that of the peo the Stuarts. It was engineered by a small ple for education. The new schools were dique who thereby seized power for themselves. organised by the clergy who emerged from the The new regime was not accepted in Ireland. penal day underworld as the natural leaders of The Irish were attached to the Stuarts, whom the nation. We are here concerned with one of they regarded as champions of Catholicism these schools, and that the eldest, still carrying against the Protest!j.nt sovereigns William and on the work it was opened to do in 1793. Mary. In 1760 the Lord Chancellor declared from THE STUARTS the Bench that "The Law does not presume any such person to exist as an Irish Roman Cath In Scotland affection for the Stuarts was olic." In 1782 it had to admit the fact of their the expression of nationalistic rather than existence and it conceded to them under condi religious aspirations. Ireland and Scotland tions the right to open schools. In 1787 an were thus regarded with suspicion. The Stuarts academy for Latin, Greek, French, Philosophy had taken refuge in France and later some of was opened by the P .P. of Tipperary by them went to live in Rome. The tombs of licence of the Protestant Archbishop of Cashel. several members of the family may be seen in A year later a young lady trained at a convent St. Peter's in Rome. In the eyes of the Protes in Cork had opened a school in Thurles. A pro tant rulers in England Catholicism and loyalty testant licence was issued to th'e foundress in to the Stuarts went hand in hand. It was in an 1799. attempt to do away with this menace to their It was sometimes difficult to secure this position that the penal laws were introduced licence. The Protestant Bishop of Meath would into Ireland. not grn.nt it nor was his opposite number in These laws i'emained in force throughout Leighlin any more liberal. the eighteenth century. So moderate a writer as Edm1md Burke has written this of the penal FIRST SCHOOL code: " It was a complete system, full of coher ence and consisten..::,: well digested and well The first school opened by Catholics in composed in all its parts. It was a machine of County Carlow was at Leighlinbridge where it wise and ela!::'"lrate contrivance; and as well functioned in 1789. A newspaper of September fitted for the oppression, impoverishment and 9 carried a list of prizewinners-three from the degradation of a people, and of the debasement class for Protestant Catechism and eight for the in them of human nature itself, as ever proceed two classes in the Principles of the R.C. Relig'ion. ed from the perverted ingenuity of man." The examiners ere the Rev. Henry Stuart, Rev. Under the repressive influence of these Dean Brophy, Rev. John Robinson, Colonel savage laws the Irish people seemed doomed to Herring. extinction. A heavy cloud of depression hung The Catholic Bishop Dr. James Keeffe was over the country and the voice of the Irish anxious to open a school at Tullow not merely seemed to be stilled for ever. The second half of for the education of youth but also to train the eighteenth century saw some rays of hope priests at home in Ireland. He had a distrust of on the horizon. For one thing the hopes of a the French seminaries or should we say rather Stuart rising had been dashed in the '45. Then of the principles of revolution which were being the will-to-live made the Irish bo!der and they canvassed in France. began to want to throw off their chains. ' He thought of erecting in Ireland a college Democratic ideas were being made popular for the training and educating of a domestic in France, were being discussed in England and priesthood' (J.K.L.) He failed to secure a site soon would be put into action in America. The at Tullow and removed to Carlow. Here he took declaration of Independence disturbed the com up his residence at the house in Brown Street placency of the English Whigs; it gave heart to which faces Charlotte Street. He entered into the submerged Irish nation. negotiations for the purchase of land and had From 1770 onwards there are signs of life the satisfaction of leasing ' Winnett's field situ and vigour and even demands for justice and ate near the town of Carlow . . .' together with fair des.ling. The pioneers were the merchants all the buildings and improvements now made or THIRTY-THREE r hereafter to be made thereon, from William at Paris where he was ordained about 1770. Fishbourne. He was given charge of Graignamanagh: parish and was appointed Parish Priest of" This is the site of the college buildings and Carlow in 1787, the year of Bishop Keeffe's comprised four acres bounded on the east by death. Bishop Keeffe had bequeathed his pro William Fishbourne's holding and the chapel perty in Carlow to Bishop Delany and Father lane, on the west partly by Robert Browne's Staunton. When Father Staunton welcomed the holding and the chapel lane, on the north by first students to the new college it was in the· William Bernard's holding and on the south by large central block that they were received-'a the Factory Gardens. The lease, dated Septem large handsome edifice, nearly 120 feet long, 26, ber 30, 1786, grants the lands 'now in the feet wide in the central part, 36 feet deep in possession of the said James Keeffe from the each end or wing consisting of four storeys 25th day of March last past for and during the above the surface besides underground apart term, time and space of 999 years.' ments for servants' kitchen, cellarage. There may have been some buildings on the ' The first storey contained a spacious hall plot. Entrance was probably from Tullow Street, for teaching, refectory, parlour and three upper perhaps through Lowry's Lane. The workmen stories, seventeen commodious bed-chambers for· were active before the Iease was drawn up* An Superiors, Professors and students on each floor item from Leinster Journal of November 1786 -51 in all.' There were 37 students in the first informs the reader. "We are informed that the year, sixty in the second year. Institution will answer every purpose intended. It is proposed that two or three hundred stu EARLIEST STUDENTS dents shall be the number of the Institution, to be enlarged according to the capability of the One professor, Rev. John Kelly, and two· funds and the liberality of the subscribers.'' teachers, James Walsh and Peter Phelan, helped' Clearly high hopes were entertained for the new Father Staunton in 1793. In 1794 there were· school. Its founder Dr. Keeffe was now advanced five professors as well as the President. These-

in years. He died in 1787 and was succeeded by included three French refugee priests who had his co-adjutor Bishop Daniel Delany. quitted their country because of the Terror. The earliest students came from Carlow, COLLEGE OPENING Donegal, Wexford, Leix, Kildare, Dublin, Meath, Roscommon, Wicklow, Cork, Kilkenny, Galway, The opening of the college was postponed Waterford, Tipperary, Kerry, and the college because the Protestant Bishop of Leighlin and has never lost this national character in its Ferns would not grant a licence. In 1792 an Act of Parliament made such a licence unnecessary and doors opened on October 1, 1793. How was the new institute financed? Entirely by the con * " So great is the assiduity of the conduct tributions of priests and people of the diocese. tors of the R.C. College building near this town that the workmen are employed on the fourth Bearing in mind the poverty of the general or attic storey, and it is expected that they will ity of Catholics at the time their generosity have the shell of the great building completed in bordered on heroism. The man who was placed a few weeks." So runs a letter from Carlow at the head of the college hailed from Co. Kil published in the Freeman's Journal of September kenny. Henry Staunton, born in 1746, studied 22, 1785. THIRTY-FOUR .,.'w..· .,. t I

recruitment. Secular studies and ecclesiastical select number of boys in the vestry room where sciences were pursued side by side. he became their schoolmaster, where he spared The numbers increased and new buildings no pains to seek out our genius and to improve had to be erected. An addition to the main block it. was under construction in 1817 and a new lay 'Father Staunton was spare of figure, college to accommodate 100 boys was ready by below the average height, eyes searching and 181.9. This is the S. wing. A chapel for the expressive, a man of few words to whom it was ecclesiastics was raised on the N. in 1824. more c0ngenial to listen than to talk. He was Two ba 11 courts and yard gateway were added hospitable to his fellow-priests and was trusted in 182l. by them to a man.' He built the chapel which The main North wing was built in l,824-27. served the people of Carlow before it was The only other important addition to the fabric incorporated into the Cathedral. The gate of the college was the erection of the chapel of leading to the chapel is that now in use at St. the Sacred Heart in the Hiberno Romanesque Leo's Convent and bears the initials H.S. 1792. style to mark the centenary of the college. Father Staunton brought the Presentation nuns to Carlow in 1811 and opened a Free The lay school enjoyed a considerable School for boys in School Lane in 1813. This reputation. Its annual prize day was reported latter was incorporated into the Academy build in the daily papers and many eminent men were ings in College Street of 1859. The two rooms formed here. One thinks of Richard Dalton had to accommodate 180 boys in Father Williams, William A. Byrne, John O'Leary, Staunton's time. When he died in 1814 the Cardinal Paul Cullen, Maurice Lenihan, the his College was in a fluorishing condition and the torian of Limerick. In 184 7 a preparatory parish of Carlow well provided with the essen school was opened at Knockbeg to extend the tials of Catholic life in the form of church and educati0nal facilities offered by Carlow College. schools. It was felt that the needs of ecclesiastical and lay college were rather different. In 1892 What a shame on the people of the town the lay college was transferred to Knockbeg. that the name of this great priest is forgotten Thus came to an end a century of close associa amongst them. Will they not at least pay him tion between town and college. Very many of the tribute of naming a street after him? the old families of Carlow had sent their sons Dr. Andrew Fitzgerald succeeded to the to be educated in the college which had up to presidency of the college in 1814. He too .was a then played a big part in the life of the town. Kilkenny man, educated abroad at Louvam and The transfer of the lay college to Knockbeg Lisbon, a member of the Irish branch of the brought to an end these age-old links forged by Dominican Order who had come to Carlow in the str0ng personalities of Dean Staunton, Dr. 1800 and was to remain until his death in 1843. Andrew Fitzgerald, who succeeded him as Pre Thus he was associated with the institute during sident of the college in 1814, and Fr. James the first fifty years of its existence. He saw the Doyle, the future J.K.L. E?ucation and the rapid development of its ecclesiastical depart national struggle went hand m hand. ment catering entirely for the needs of Irish dioce~es and then extending its scope to the O'CONNELL VISITOR English-speaking world. O'Connell was a frequent visitor to the REMARKABLE PIONEERS college, addressed mass meetings within the grounds, had his cousins at school here and It was in 1820 that John Therry set sail for numbered many friends among the professors. Australia and John England for America, two When Montalembert the great French Christian remarkable pioneers. John Therry was the first ·democrat visited Carlow in 1833 he confessed priest allowed to minister to the Catholic con himself charmed by the patriotism of the priests victs of the penal settlement of Australia. He he met there. De Tocqueville, who came to proved a fearless defender of the rights of his Carlow two years later, found Dr. Fitzgerald countrymen in face of bigotry a~d i_njustice. ~e the President to be a well-informed critic of the laid the foundations of the flourishmg Catholic local landlords, regarded as among the worst in Church of present-day Australia, secured the site the country. of St. Mary's Cathedral, Sydney, which now One feels that the transfer to Knockbeg was occupies a central position in that great city. a loss to town and college alike. Carlow College He began a long line of Irish missionaries had become associated with London University to the Antipodes as did John England to the New after 1834 one of the first institutions in the World. England and Therry were natives of country to do so. The college prize day gather Cork. England became first Bishop of Charles ing, play, band recitals and occasional gatherim?i> ton, pioneer Catholic journalist of the ynited I in the grounds were events appreciated by the States a foremost orator and champ10n of 1, townsfolk. democ~acy. The majority of ecclesiastics in ~he Dean Staunton combined with. his duties as College not destined for Ireland went to America /1 President of the College the office of Parish from about 1840 onwards. I Priest of Carlow. His work for the parish was AH Hallows College was founded in 1842 ! unremitting. William Farrell, author of Carlow and from this year we can date the missionary I in '98, says this of him. 'Rev. Mr. Staunton was movement of priests and nuns to the English I a most zealous and exemplary clergyman, and I speaking world, Canada, U.S.A., India and th~n as soon as he was settled in the parish he set I the Antipodes. As Maynooth developed its about reforming every abuse that came within national status - liberal grants from the his reach ... bull-baiting, cock-fighting, man Treasury made this possible - the other fighting, gambling, and everything of that seminaries became ever more conscious of the description. He also formed a religious society greater needs abroad. and choir-a thing before unknown to us which he taught himself. Besides that he assembled a A college has no history but the record of THIRTY-FIVE its pupils. We can let the record of the Irish To the rapid growth of the Church in· missionaries stand for itself. America the labours of John England of Cork, The work of training aspirants to the the Kenrick brothers of Dublin, John Ireland of priesthood must of necessity be pursued in Kilkenny made a powerful contribution. Ireland retirement. What is being done and has in the gave more bishops to the United States than any past been done by the missionary colleges should other country in Europe. Indeed, the number of be better known among our own people. Irish-born bishops does not fall far behind the total number of native-born. FOUNDED BEFORE MAYNOOTH EVELYN WAUGH'S TRIBUTE The oldest and pioneer colleges are those at Carlow and Kilkenny. They were founded before John England, as Bishop of Charleston,. Maynooth and were originally intended to cater solved some of the knottiest problems of Church for local needs. administration arising out of the trustee system. , From the very beginning they had separate The bishops and priests who came after him departments for lay pupils and church students. have consolidated the work of the pioneers. An Maynooth had a lay school, too, but it did not observer little suspect of sympathy with Ireland, flourish. Mr. Eveiyn Waugh, has paid this tribute to the In these, our most venerable Catholic Irish in America: --"The Irish with their tru-· schools, were educated most of the great nation culence and good sense have built and paid for al leaders of the past century. Later came St. the churches, opening new parishes as fast as John's at Waterford, St. Peter's at Wexford and the population grew; they have staffed the active St. Patrick's at Thurles. religious Orders and have created a national system of education." The growth of these colleges took place during the years when thousands of Irish emi If to-day the prestige of the Catholic grants were fleeing the country in search of a Church in America stands high we must not livelihood, to the United States or to the English forget what the Irish missionary priests and colonies. Very naturally the exiles looked back Sisters contributed to its expansion. to Ireland for priests and nuns to attend to their In England, too, the fruits of their labours spiritual needs. In 1842 All Hallows College are evident. Professor Denis Gwynn, who was founded at Dublin by the saintly Father knows more than most about the recent history Hand. of the Church in England, has thus summarised the Irish achievement: - EVER-GROWING DEMAND " Their monuments are to be seen in the He wrote to Rome outlining his project. " A flourishing churches, schools and institutes number of Irish priests, considering the deplor which have arisen from their personal labours,. able condition of millions of their own people in each man performing all that lay within his all the English col_onies, in America and in other power while he lived, and relying on his suc parts of the world, on account of the lack of cessor t.o continue and develop further what he Catholic missionaries in these countries, and began." considering at the same time that there are in Ireland abundant means to satisfy this need in APOSTLES OF THE SPIRIT ample fashion, have resolved to dedicate them selves to the establishment and direction of a Irish names stud the pages of Australia's seminary in Dublin for the Foreign Missions." Catholic story from Father John Therry, the Providence seems to have intended the new pioneer, to Cardinal Moran and Archbishop seminaries to meet the ever growing demands Mannix. from abroad. Statistics help us to measure the import America developed at such a rapid pace ance of Ireland's missionary effort to-day. Since that the Church authorities there could not 1900 close on five thousand priests have gone provide native-born priests. out to the English-speaking nations. All Hallows Irishmen volunteered in great numbers. College has seen over three thousand priests The democratic spirit of the New World republic pass through its halls. For the other colleges. was very congenial to them. figures are not available.

THIRTY-SIX • The Christian Brothers Ill Carlow

By MRS. MARY O'NEILL

N 1858, Most Rev. James Walsh, Bishop In 1861, the Brothers moved to their I of Kildare and Leighlin, applied to the present residence at Mount View, Dublin Superior General of the Christian Brothers Road. This house had been built and to establish a Community in Carlow. He occupied for many years by Thomas sent the then Administrator of Carlow, Hughes, Esq., a retired Carlow draper and Rev. James Butler, to wait on the Superior father of Rev. James Hughes, sometime ,General in North Richmond Street, Dublin, Administrator of Carlow and subsequently .and to deliver the letter as below: Parish Priest of Naas. Braganza, A NEW WING Carlow. 9th August, 1858. It was found to be inconvenient with My Dear Mr. Riordan, its small rooms and low ceilings. The My Rev. friend who will hand you Superior decided on adding a wing to it this note will explain the details and asked the financial assistance of the regarding my desire to have an estab Bishop, who gave his £100. The work lishment of the Christian Brothers in was commenced and finished in 1865. The Carlow. I hope you will concur in my new addition comprised a kitchen and views and enable me to have the refectory on the ground floor and a visitors' .schools soon opened. room and oratory overhead . Accept the assurance of the esteem There was a Bro. Francis Clarke teach with which ing in the Schools for twelve years from I am, 1869-1881. The impression made by this My dear Mr. Riordan, devoted Brother on the minds and hearts Yours faithfully, of his pupils, past and present, was well + J. WALSH. expressed when he died, by erecting a Memorial to his memory. The Memorial CORDIAL RECEPTION took the form of enclosing the Brothers' Cemetery with a handsome railing and the One of the Brother Assistants came to erecting of a beautiful Celtic cross to Carlow, where he was received cordially by mark his resting place. th~ Bishop, who showed him a good well bmlt schoolhouse containing two rooms, MOUNT VIEW RE-BUILT €ach 50 ft. x 20 ft. and two smaller class rooms, the whole well-enclosed and rented Mount View was still found to be too for £8 per year. The Bishop mentioned small to accommodate the Brothers. Bro. that £1,000 as a foundation would be O'Donoghue, Superior, succeeded not only invested at 5 per cent. and that an Annual in renovating and enlarging the old house, Collection would be made for the Brothers' but practically built a new one. It was a .-support. comodious and comfortable residence and On September 19th, 1859, three Brothers cost £1,000. The Superior had the satis -arrived in Carlow-their temporary resi faction of seeing the completion of the dence was at No. 2 Montgomery Street, work in July, 1909. formerly used as a school and known as At that time, the entrance from the "The Academy." The Brothers opened Dublin Road was a little further up nearer School on October 3rd, 1859, in the National to " Beechville." Stables and outoffices Schools, College Street, the block nearest occupied the space where the present the Dublin Road, the National teachers entrance gate stands. The Brothers kept having withdrawn according to notice given cows and had an extensive garden worked them. by the energetic lay-Brother O'Neill, who sold milk and vegetables to the neighbour MORE ROOM NEEDED ing folk to supplement their small income, which was mostly derived from school fees The schoolrooms were soon found in collected in weekly pennies. -sufficient and the Bishop, to meet the Mr. Tom O'Neill of Gayville tells me difficulty, fitted up an apartment in Mont this lay-Brother was the last member of gomery Street. In 1863, they moved from the Community to be buried in their little here to the old Parochial School which the cemetery at the top of the garden. He Bishop had secured. The second storey was was an altar boy at the time, and over 90 removed. Thus the whole School was on boys lined the paths as the coffin was the same plot of ground. brought up. THIRTY-SEVEN Officers and Members of Old Carlow Society SEASON 1955-'56 low; Murphy, Miss Clodagh, Tullow St., Carlow; Murp'hy, Miss Annie P.AiTRON: Castle St., Carlow; Morrow, Paul, His Lordship Most Rev. Dr. T. Keogh, Bishop of Kildare and Leighlin. Lumclone House, Fenagh; Moloney, HON. LIFE' VtclE-PRESIDENTS. Miss Irene, Munster and Leinster Rt. Rev. Monsignor Miller, D.Ph., V.F., P.P., Newbridge; Very Rev. Bank, Carlow; McCluskey, Miss B., P. Swayne, M.A., P.P., Kildare; Bernard O'Neill, Esq., and Mrs. O'Neill. "Wayside," Bagenalstown. CHAIRMAN: Miss Alice Treacy, "Stella Maris," Athy Road, Carlow. Noude, Miss Eileen, Tullow St., VJCE'-C!HAIRMEN: Carlow; Noude, Miss Rita, N.T., Mr. Victor W. Hadden; Mr. L. D. Bergin; Mr. H. Fennell. Tullow St., Carlow; Nolan, Thomas,. JOINT HON. SECRETARIES: Tullow St., Carlow. Rev. P. J. Brophy, B.D., St. PQtrick's College; Miss Maureen Doyle, T'he, Shamrock. O'Neill, Bernard, M.Sc., 8 Wil·· HON. TREASURER: ton Gardens, Cork; O'Neill, Mrs. Mr. Alec Burns, Colle,ge Street. B., 8 Wilton Gardens, do.; O'Neill, HON. EDI~ORS: Thomas P., "Gayville," Carlow; Mr. Liam Bergin, Editor "Nationalist & Leinster T'imes," Tullow St., O'Neill, Mrs. Thomas, Granby Carlow; Mr. V. W. Hadden, 1, Court View, Carlow. Terrace, Carlow; O'Reilly, Mrs. John, "Fruit Hill," Carlow; Aughney, Dr. Honoria, County Street; Friedl, Miss Trudy, "St. O'Reilly, Miss Breda, "Frui~ Hill," M.O.H., Wexford. Gertrude's,," Rathna•pish, Carlow; Carlow; O'Keeffe, Bernard, St. Fennell, Mr. H., Everton, Graigue Killian's Crescent, Carlow; O'Don Brophy, Rev. P. J., St. Patrick's cullen, Carlow; Fennell, Mrs. H., nell, Hugh, Solicitor, Dublin St.•. College Carlow; Brophy, Michael, Everton, Graiguecullen, Carlow; Garlow; O'Leary, Sean, Graigna M.C.C.,' Ardattin, Tullow, Co. Car Fenelon, Mrs. W. L., Montgomery managh, Co. Kilkenny; Oliver, low; Burns, Alec, College Strnet, Street, Carlow. James J., Dublin St., Carlow; Carlow; Breen, Miss G., Dublin St., Oliver, Mrs. J. J., Dublin St., Car Carlow; Bergin, Liam D., Tullow Governey, Francis, "Barrow low; Oliver, Miss Beatrice, Dublin Street, Carlow; Breen, Miss P., ville,'' C0.rlow; Governey, Mrs. St., Carlow; O'Flynn, Barry, Bally "Heatherlee," Larkfield, Carlow; Madeline, "Barrowville," C'B.rlow; linan, Athy, Co. Kildare; O'Brien, Broughan, Edward, Coal Market, Giddy, Mrs. E,ric, Athy Road, Car Miss Kathleen, 113 Tullow St., Carlow; Broughan, Mrs. E., Goal low; Gash, Rev. J. G., M .. A., "The Carlow; O'Donovan, Miss, N.T., Market, Carlow; Boland, J., secre Rectory," Carlow; Grogan, Sean, Barr:ow View, Graiguecullen, Car tary County Council, Carlow. Athy Road, Clarlow. low; O'Neill, Miss D., Sleaty, Car low; O'Garroll, Dr. "The Elms," Hadden, W. G., Tullow St., Car Athy Road, Carlow; O'Hanlon, Carbery, Daniel J., "Glenart," low; Hadden, Victor, 1 Court View, Miss Mary, Hanover, Carlow; Carlow; Carbery, Mrs. D. J., "Glen Carlow; Hadden, Mrs. V. W., 1 O'Neill, Denis, 2251 Sedgewick Ave., art," Carlow; Co,Jg,an, Miss M., Court View, Carlow; Hayden, Bronx, New York; O'Grady, P. J., Athy Road, Clarlow; Conroy, Miss Thomas P., "Hundred Acres," Kil Rathmore House, Tullow; O'Grady, M., Castle Street, Carlo,w; Cor leshin, Carlow; Hanlon, Mrs. John, Mrs. P. J., do.; O'Donovan, Miss coran, Eustace, J.K.L. Avenue, CoUege Street, Carlow; Harding, Anna, Pembroke, Carlow; O'Leary, Carlow; Corr, Rev. Joseph, S.J., John, Tullow St., Garlow; Hutton, Rev. J. C.C., The Presbytery, Car "St. Ignatius," Preston, Lanes., Francis, Staplestown Road Car low; O'Keeffe, Mrs. Bernard, St. ,England; Gorr, Aid. M. J., 70 Vic low; Healy, Richard, College· St., Killian's Cres., Carlow; O'Keeffe, toria Street, London S.W.1.; Corr, Carlow; Hughes, Patrick, Barrack Miss Eileen, St. Killian's Crescent, J,<1.s. J., 9 Bay Ridge, Parkway, Street, Carlow; Hosey, Joseph, Carlow; O'Hanlon, Mrs. J., "St. Brooklyn, N.Y., U.S.A.; Collins, Governey Square, Carlow; Had Therese," Hanover, Car Io w; Mrs., "Greengates," Newbridge; den, Mrs. W. G., Tullow st., Car O'Reilly, Miss Aine, 21 Dublin St., Chmelar, E., Larkfield, C1c1xlow; low; Halley, Miss M., G.P.O., Car Carlow. Corcoran, Mrs. E., J.K.L. Avenue, low. Carlow; Clifton, Hugh, 42 St. Kil Poole, Percy, Hanover, Carlow; lian's Crescent, Car!o,w. Kelly, Mrs. John, St. Killian's Peevers, John, Staplestown, Car Crescent, Carlow; Kellett, George, low; Purcell, Pa,trick, Quinagh, Carlow; Purcell, Gerald. St. Kil Doyle, Miss Maureen The Sham "Greystonos," Graiguecullen· Kel 0 lian's Crescent, Carlow·; Power, rock, Carlow; Doyle, Miss Dillie, lett, Mrs. G., "Greys'tones," Gnaiguecunen; Kelly, Miss T., "The James, "The Garden," Dublin St., The Sham.rock, Carlow; Doyle, Carlow; Phillpotts, Col. Steuart, Mrs. Leigh, Dublin St., Carlow; Stream," Dublin Road, Carlow; Kelleher, Miss N., N.T., Dublin Russellstown Park, Carlow; Power, Doyle, Jas-. J., Granby Row, C'ar Noel, Barrack St., Carlow. low; Darcy, Ml., Castle Hill, Car Street. Carlow: Kealy, Thomas, low; Daly, Mrs., 'Glenone," Dublin Maryborough St., Graiguecullen. R~ddy, James, Lr. Staplestown Roa,d, Naas; Doyle, Miss M. Mat Lillis, Col , Beggar's Bush Bar Rd., Carlow; Reynolds, Stan, N.T., ron Mental Hospital, Carlow; Dow racks, Dublin; Lillis, T'. J., Lum Ballylinan, Athy, Co. Kildare. ling, Rev. E., S.J., 3115 South clone Hous,e, F'enagh, Carlow; Grand Boulevard, St. Louis Leslie, W. A., 32 Eccleston Sq., rn, Swayne, Very Rev. P., P.P., Kil Missouri, U.S.A.; Doyle, Miss D., London; Lillis, Mrs. E., Lumclone Church Street, BagenaJstown; D•1g• House, Fenagh; Leslie, Mrs. vV. A., dare; Smith, Mr. T., Leinster Cres gan, William L., CollP.ge St., (;pr 32 Eccleston Sq., London. cent, Carlow; Smith, Mrs. T., low; Duggan, Mrs. W. L., CoJ!ege Mccaul, Mrs. A., Dublin St!"eet, Leinster Crescent, Carlow; Spollen, St., Carlow. Carlow; Murray, Aidan, Dublin St., B., Graiguecullen, Carlow; Spollen, Carlow; Murray, Mrs. Aidan, Dub Mrs. B., Graiguecullen, Carlow; lin Street, Carlow; Moore, Mrs. W., Sheane, S. R., Church, Hill, Wick Ellis, John, Burrin Street, Car " St. Anne's,'' Athy Road· Moore low; Scanlon, Miss K., Pembroke, low; Eustace, E. A. R., Newstown, William, Mental Hospital,' Carlow: Carlow. Tullow, Co. Carlow. Mahon, Mrs. James, "Kelvin Fleming, Miss Peg, Lower Stap Treacy, Miss Alice, " Stella Grove," Garlow; Millar, Rt. Rev. Maris," Athy Road, Carlow. lestown Roa.d, Carlow; Fitzroy, Msgr., P.P., V.F., Newbridge, Co. Miss Alice, Montgomery St. Car Kildare; Monahan, John, Castle Wilson, Mrs. M., Montgomery low; Fitzroy, Miss, Maureen,' Dub town, Carlow; Monahan, Mrs. J., lin Road, Carlow; F'itzmaurice, St., Carlow; Wilson, Maurice, Mont Castletown. Carlow; MacLeod, Miss gomery St., Carlow; Wilkin, Mrs. Major, "Laurel Lodge," C:i:i,rlow; Iona. Co. Librarian, Carlow; Mac Fenlon, Willi,9,m L., Montgomery G. A., "Bel!eville," Strawhall, Car Cormaic, Mr. P., Town Clerk, Gar- low. THIRTY-EIGHT Manufactured Only by The Barrow Milling Company Ltd.

AND PACKED IN COTTON BAGS-!Ost., 4st., 2st,, !st. ·

Always ask for " GOLDEN HARP "-You can rely on the Quality

SOMETHING NEW SOMETHING STYLISH . SOMETHING COLOURFUL . 42 TULLOW STREET, CARLOW You'll find it in "The Modern" We have a Wonderful Selection of Ladies' Advertising Coats, Costumes, Frocks, Skirts, Blouses, Knit wear, Underclothing, Nylons, Gloves, Handbags, The Nationalist and Leinster Times Scarves, Umbrellas, Etc. circulates in seven counties. It reaches the buying public and is A VISIT TO US ALWAYS PAYS kept and referred to until the next You're very welcome to walk around and see issue appears. It is an excellent for yourself. advertising medium. If you have anything to sell, advertise it in The Nationalist and Leinster Times. Rate Card on application. Vlie ~0Je1in Printing Specialists in Ladies' Wear, Our Works are equipped to deal with all Classes of General and Commercial Printing. Ask for vullow St., Cat-low quotations. Electrical Installations RADIO AND CYCLE REPAIRS J. J. WALL Agent for Phillips, Pilot and Mullard Radios.

Sunbeam, Hercules, Silver Motor Garage Cross Cycles. and Cookers, Fires, Irons and all Service Station Electrical Appliances.

Let us quote you for wiring your house Kilkenny Road PA TRICK KINSELLA Carlow ELECTRICAL ENGINEER 15 Dublin Street, Carlow Phone: 197 I [

ST A THAM (CARLOW) LTD. your Main Ford and Fordson Dealers

BEST AFTER SALE SERVICE

Phone 65 CARLo·w r A FINE SOFT MORNING! It cannot be many years since the Waits were an integral part of Carlow's Christmas, but already they have the remote air of Power's Brake or the Cavalry Escort for the Assizes Judge. Even now residents of some years standing find it hard to believe that we would once be awakened in the early hours, a few days before Christmas, by the playing of a melodeon, interspersed by salutations in a fruity Graiguecullen voice. He moved from house to house, accompanied by the same anonymous tune, and we listened enthralled as the litany of each house's residents was recited. The grown-ups were no less thrilled, and his "courtesy call" the following day received its just and generous acknowledgment. He can never be parodied, never replaced. But to many of us the happiest memories of Old Carlow Christmasses are interwoven with the cry: "Good morning, Mr. C-, and Mrs. C-, and all the I little C's, and all in the house, for it's five o'clock, and a fine soft

L___ m_o~-i~-g~_,,R_A_Y_'s_, _2s_o_u_BL_I_N_s_r_R_E_E_T_, _cA_R_L_o_w___ __

1 NOLAN'S Gifts that will delight the CHEMISTS giver For All High-Class Pharmaceutical How often when we buy a present do we Preparations wish somebody would buy equally acceptable for ourselves? Manufacturers of the highest grade Medicines. All the Leading Brands of Ethical Proprietaries Every article of our stock is chosen with stocked. Local Agent for Helena Rubenstein's this thought in mind: how would we like to Famous Cosmetics. Sight-testing daily by fully receive it as a present. qualified Opticians. Te:st our .range by this: yardstick and you will find a gift to suit ev.ery occasion. Films Developed and Printed. Quick Service. Best Results Take our new display of costume jewellery, specially imported from Germany, designed to flatter any ensemble. Or our vast range of watches, Waterford E. J. NOLAN glass, rings, brooches and silverware. M.P.S.I., F.B.0.A., Prop. BRAMLEYS 1 DUBLIN ST., and 1 CASTLE ST., THE JEWELLERS OF QUALITY CARLOW Phone 80 Dublin Street, Carlow l r 1 I I HOSIERY SPECIALISTS GENERAL DRAPERS Hugh Lupus & Co. I Racing Office I TULLY'S

of Tullow Street, For Best Odds and Best Service CARLOW

+ + ,¢,- AND ATHY 10 COALMARKET

Travel Agents for Leading World CARLOW Air and Shipping Lines Phone Carlow 2 19

(i"laiguecullen Co"ln & Coal Co. ~tJ. Ca"llow

Dealers in Wheat Barley Oats Manures Best Quality Coals

ENQUIRIES INVITED. , . Telephone 39. Telegrams: Corn Co. Telegrams: "Dempsey, Carlow. Telephone: 44 A. E. COLEMAN

MOTOR AND CYCLE DEALERS James Dempsey IRONMONGER 19 Dublin Street Carlow HOUSE FARM FURNISHING IMPLEMENTS Agent for BUILDERS' SEEDS HARDWARE GARDEN RALEIGH CYCLES TIMBER REQUISITES WALLPAPER LEATHER CHINA & GLASS FIREARMS Repairs a Speciality

Agent for Hover Electric Washing Accumulators Charged Machines, Sweepers, Cleaners, Etc.

Oils, Greases and Spares in Stock 87-88 TULLOW ST., CARLOW

CARLOVIANS-f or all your footwear requirements Governey's Boot Depot

Where you can choose CARLOW-MADE Shoes and Boots from an extensive range ...... -

Stockist of all the leading Brands: Clarks, Rawson, Joyce, Belvedere, Dubarry and Hanover Moore's Garage M. WHITE, M.P.S.I. BURRIN STREET, CARLOW VETERINARY & DISPENSING Main Dealers for New Standard " 8 " CHEMIST Also Main Dealers for Volkswagen Cars Vans and Trucks. Any othe; make of Car supplied.

Main Dealers for the famous SICK ROOM REQUISITES

ALLGAIER PORSCHE AIR-COOLED DIESEL TRACTORS

Also Dealers for DAVID BROW~ PHOTOGRAPHIC TRACTORS

All Classes of Tractor Implements supplied and TOILET GOODS Repairs of every description carried out to Cars, Vans, Trucks, Tractors or Farm Machinery ENQUIRIES INVITED 39 Tullow Street, Carlow Phone : Carlow 153

l Tobacconist I

II 1, I Cigar Divan TEA, .. WINE & SPIRIT MEROHANT DUBLIN STREET

CARLOW BAKERY & PROVISION STORES Established 1882

For all Smokers' Requisites Ca1tlow

Phone: 189 Phone: 272. CARLOW FOR REAL VALUE BAI(ERY Carpenter Brothers CO. LTD. Your Family Grocers

HIGH-CLASS r BAKERS and TEA, WINE, SPIRIT & PROVISION CONFECTIONERS MERCHANTS - UNDERTAKERS

Luncheons and Dinners tastefully DELIVERIES DAILY served

Special Terms for Gaels Montgomery Street, CARLOW BARRACK STREET, CARLOW

Phone 245 Tel. 237

IT PAYS TO SHOP AT SHAW'S

GENERAL DRAPERS :: OUTFITTERS FANCY STATIONERS BOOT AND SHOE WAREHOUSE

LJhe Jl-ouJe /or Value SHAW'S LTD. II TULLOW STREET, CARLOW PHONE 159. 'GRAMS: SHAW'S, CARL(

I 11 II II An Old Carlow Industry 11

., J. CARLOW ORANGE MINERAL CARLOW LEMON

JI LEMONADE LEMON WATERS FLAVOURED JI SODA I I I II DRY GINGER I ALE STONE BEER

GRAPE FRUIT Manufactured by TONIC WATER II ii

CIDERETTE COLA Corcoran & Co. LIMITED CASTLE ORANGE ORANGE CRUSH Carlow ablished 1827. Phone 9.

The Nationalist & J... etnater Timea. Carlow