a8.90 European D 14974 E Security ESD & Defence 3/2021 International Security and Defence Journal COUNTRY FOCUS: DENMARK ISSN 1617-7983 • Special Operations Forces www.euro-sd.com • • Royal Netherlands Navy Update • Defence Procurement in Hungary • Small Arms Ammunition Developments • Observation Technologies March 2021 • Advances in Night Vision Technology • Anti-Tank Guided Weapons Politics · Armed Forces · Procurement · Technology C MILLENNIUM The C-390 Millennium multi-mission aircraft SUCCESSFULLY is in-service with Brazilian Air Force delivering exceptional performance and fulfi lling all expectations, most notably with support ACCOMPLISHING during the Covid-19 pandemic. The C-390 is VERSÃO A VERSÃO/ COMPLETA A / COMPLETA also the aircraft of choice for Portugal and MISSIONS now Hungary too. Both these air forces have ILLEN ILLEN ILLEN ILLEN ILLEN ILLEN 90M 9N0IUM NIU 90M 9N0IUM NIU 90M 9N0IUM NIU -3 -3 M M -3 -3 M M selected-3 the- 3C-390M toM meet their own unique C DEFENSE SEGMENTC DEFENSE SEGMENT C DEFENSE SEGMENTC DEFENSE SEGMENT C DEFENSE SEGMENTC DEFENSE SEGMENT BEST NEW PRODUCTBEST NEW PRODUCT BEST NEW PRODUCTBEST NEW PRODUCT and demandingBEST NEW PRODUCTBEST NEWoperational PRODUCT requirements. By combining state-of-the-art systems and proven technologies with a worldwide network LAUREATESLAUREATES LAUREATESLAUREATES of reputableLAUREATES suppliers,LAUREATES the C-390 Millennium AWARDS AWARDS AWARDS AWARDS is a versatileAWARDS additionAWARDS to any air force. APLICAÇÃO COM APLICAÇÃOFUNDO COM FUNDO APLICAÇÃO BRANCOAPLICAÇÃO / SEM FUNDO BRANCO / SEM FUNDO The C-390APLICAÇÃO is COR the /APLICAÇÃO SEM FUNDO most COR / SEM FUNDO reliable, easy to operate and effi cient aircraft in its class. VERSÃO B VERSÃO/ SIMPLIFICADA B / SIMPLIFICADA #ForADifferentWorld 0MILLENN0MILLENN 39 39 IUM IUM C- C- DEFENSE SEGMENTDEFENSE SEGMENT EMBRAER C-390EMBRAER C-390 GRANDGRAND BEST NEWBEST NEW LAUREATELAUREATE PRODUCTPRODUCT LAUREATESLAUREATES AWARDS AWARDS APLICAÇÃO SIMPLIFICADAAPLICAÇÃO SIMPLIFICADA ELEMENTOS ISOLADOSELEMENTOS ISOLADOS c-390.com Photographic record made by the Brazilian Air Force on one of the missions to combat COVID-19 in Brazil. C42496-005-Embraer-DS-C390-EuropeanSecDef-Feb21-297x210-v1.indd 1 02/02/2021 10:15 Editorial Opportunity Missed – Europeans Barely Pick up on US Advances This time, the traditional annual Munich Security Conference 2021 took place in a very abbreviated, digital format. It mainly served one purpose: US President Joe Biden intended to send a signal that he wants to work closely and openly with Europe again. The heads of government from Germany, France and the Unit- ed Kingdom, as well as the EU Commission President and the EU Council President were to respond. But it was not the event for a dialogue. The heads of state made their statements. President Biden was very clear in his commitment to cooperation between the US and the Europeans in the EU and NATO. He set a clear tone: he sees the main confrontation with China, and he would like to see the Euro- peans on his side. The Europeans named Russia first and judged China to be much more friendly. Here, cracks opened up between Biden and German Chancellor Merkel in particular. For Biden, China is a competitor, polit- ically as well as economically. Merkel emphasised how important China is as a trading partner. Official German government policy still separates security and economics. Very many, especially the US, no longer follow this line: they have a broader concept of security. China also pursues strategic goals with its economic policy, and the Europeans, especially the Germans, must learn this and take it into account politically. Biden made it clear that it was central for him to fight for democracy. He is not only concerned with eco- nomic issues, but also with values. And he is campaigning precisely for this broad concept of security policy. Biden's Offer – Merkel's Reluctance The responses to Biden were disappointing. Those who had hoped that the Europeans would take up his position courageously and propose some offers for areas of cooperation were bitterly disappointed. Above all, Chancellor Merkel reeled off the old familiar narrative rather listlessly. The manuscript of her last speech, when she reacted to the policies of then-President Trump, was slightly revised in content and peppered with a few kind words to Biden. British Prime Minister Johnson was almost a little gloating when he made it clear how flexible Britain could now be - without the EU. This led to a "Britain first" speech, which was also not in keeping with the spirit Biden wanted to invoke. France's President Macron’s remarks, putting his idea of a stronger European identity into the Euro-Atlantic context, were intellectually more demanding. The reaction of the Europeans was also so disappointing because, since election day in the USA in November, Europeans have known that they would be asked what they could contribute to better cooperation: their planning staffs had time to come up with an appropriate answer. However, it may well be that the German Government no longer has the strength to do so. The coalition parties are drifting further and further apart, seven months before the federal elections in 2021. The CDU/CSU and the SPD no longer want to govern to- gether after the elections in September 2020, which is why they no longer agree conceptually. That could be a hindrance in the election campaign, and in terms of foreign policy it is a revelation. France and the United Kingdom performed a bit better, but not convincingly either. So, the situation has reversed: whereas last year the Europeans were the ones who wanted to step on the accelerator in the Euro- Atlantic relationship, and pushed the USA accordingly, they are now lagging far behind in the face of mo- mentum from Washington, and it looks as if they will have to be carried to the chase. The train drivers have become the brakemen. Road to Munich What will happen to the Security Conference? This event is to remain a "special edition". Internally, the Head of the Security Conference, Wolfgang Ischinger, is quoted as saying that nothing can replace the "Walk in the Park", the stroll through Munich's city park which offers precisely the informal opportunities for contact among responsible politicians that make the event so valuable. So, the intent is to return to the old in-person format. If possible, such a face-to-face conference should still take place in 2021 – the coronavirus permit- ting. But the organisers do not really trust the situation, which is why hybrid forms are also being considered: some people will come to Munich, others will join the conference virtually. This means that those present in Munich will talk “with” those who are there and “about” those who have only joined virtually. Still, perhaps that is much better than nothing. The Security Conference is designing a "Road to Munich." With fora on different topics, the worldwide discussion forum is to remain on the playing field of international debate. This is in preparation for what will happen in the summer of 2021 or later... Rolf Clement 3/2021 · European Security & Defence 1 Contents Photo: US Army Photo: Elbit Systems Paratroopers and special forces deploy to the Page 32 The days of tactical fire support provided Page 57 battlefield from the air. by static emplaced mortars alone are long gone. COUNTRY FOCUS: DENMARK 50 Advances in Night Vision Technology Tim Guest 12 Denmark’s Defence Policy – Enhancing Observation a Delicate Balancing Act 53 Tim Guest Hans Peter Michaelsen 57 Vehicle Mounted Mortars 17 Danish Armed Forces – Building Capabilities Henry Richardson for New Challenges Hans Peter Michaelsen 60 “The Hungarian Defence Forces know exactly what to purchase.” 22 The Danish Defence Industrial Base Interview with Gáspár Maróth, Government Commissioner Morten Andersen for Defence Development and National Armaments 64 Special Operations Forces Ground Vehicles Sidney E. Dean ARMED FORCES 70 On The Rail – Performance 26 The Royal Netherlands Navy Procurement Enhancements for Small Arms and Modernisation Projects David Saw Guy Toremans 74 CBRN Mass Decontamination 32 Airborne Special Mission Resources Dan Kaszeta André Forkert 34 European Small Arms Acquisition Programmes – Stagnation or Change? INDUSTRY & MARKETS David Saw 77 Helping Customers See Better and Farther Interview with Dan Pettry, former US Army Ranger, Product Manager for Elcan SPECTER sights ARMAMENT & TECHNOLOGY 38 Small Arms Ammunition Developments in Europe SECURITY POLICY David Saw 79 Social Media as a Weapon 42 Small Arms Ammunition Developments Andreea Stoian Karadeli in the United States Sidney E. Dean 83 US-Turkey Relations: CAATSA and Beyond Eugene Kogan 45 European Man-Portable Anti-Tank Guided Weapons Christopher F. Foss 2 European Security & Defence · 3/2021 Space Experienced VIEWPOINT FROM … Gyro and IMU modules 41 New Delhi Suman Sharma 73 Paris Dennis Kolesnyk THE BRUSSELS BACKDROP 48 Biden’s Foreign and Defence Policy from a European Perspective Joris Verbeurgt COLUMNS 1 Editorial 4 Firms & Faces 5 ESD Spotlight 55 Masthead Actual size Index of Advertisers Proven by a decade of space heritage, with more BALT MILITARY EXPO 63 than 400 units in orbit including several missions Dencrypt 21 on NASA spacecrafts, and trusted by more than 50 commercial space companies. DNV GL 29 Dynamit Nobel Defence 47 The new STIM277H and STIM377H are hermetically sealed and optimized based on feedback from our Embraer 2nd cover customers. This makes them even more