Bird Songs of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East

Home , Iago sparrow, Iberian green woodpecker, Sandgrouse, Wallcreeper

Total time 19:20 hours | 2817 Recordings

Dr. Andreas Schulze Karl-Heinz Dingler

The Bird Songs of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East

819 Species 17 Audio-CDs or MP3-Disc

Contents Taylor P. S., Terrasse M., Tickell L., Tilbrook P. J., Tolley H., Tollu B., Tomkovitch P., Varin J.-P., 3-5 Introduction Veprintsev B. N., Vershinin V., Viel D., Vielliard J., Wagner J., Wahlström S., Wallschläger D., Ward 6-7 Contents of CDs M. W., Werle A., Willander B., Willoughby E. J., Wilme L., Zanatello M., Zino P. A. 8-50 Documentation of recordings Acknowledgements 51-56 Index of scientific names We are very much indebted to Claude Chappuis, who kindly provided recordings of more than 300 56-61 Index of German names bird species, and to the Sociéte d’Etudes Ornithologique de France (SEOF-MNHN, 55 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, www.mnhn.fr), which Imprint published his Oiseaux d’Afrique (15 CDs). His work is an excellent complement to our Editor and Publisher present volumes and includes sound recordings Dr. Andreas Schulze, Karl-Heinz Dingler of more than 1466 African bird species. It consists of two volumes (4 CDs of Northern Sound Recordings: Africa and Atlantic Islands, 11 CDs of Sub- Alberny J. C., Ausobsky A., Allen A. A., Baccetti Saharan Africa) available with either French or N., BBC Natural History Unit (Sound Library), English textbooks. Becker P., Bell G., Berg A. van den, Bergmann H.-H., Berutti A., Bigand S., Borror D. J., Boswall Conception J., Boughton R., Bremond J.-C., Brétagnolle V., Karl-Heinz Dingler, Dr. Andreas Schulze Brigham M., British Library (National Sound Archive), Brockelmann W., Brunel J., Budrys R., Title and Cover Burton J. F., Campbell H. K., Chappuis C., Dr. Andreas Schulze Charron F., Chevereau J., Claeys D., Cornell Uni- (European Golden Oriole, Great Reed Warbler, versity (Laboratory of Ornithology), Couloumy C., Yellow Wagtail, Kingfisher) Deroussen F., Dingler K.-H., Dingler M., Duncan C. D., Equateur E., Erard C., Feindt P., Ferdinand © 2006 Musikverlag Edition AMPLE L., Fishpool L., Fontaine B., Gardner N., Gaucher Untere Bahnhofstr. 58, D-82110 Germering P., Gauntlett F. M., Gessel F. van, Gibbon G., Tel. (0 89) 89 42 83 91 Giroud J., Gordon J., Gretton A., Griffin A., Fax (0 89) 89 42 83 92 Griosel J., Guillemont A., Gunn W. W. H., E-Mail: [email protected] Hazevoet C. J., Helo P., Henry P., Hewitt O. H., www.ample.de, www.tierstimmen.de Hita C. de, Hollom P. A. D., Hovell B., Huguet P., Ireland D., Jahnson, Johnsen K., Johnson E. D. Order number 329.490 H., Jouventin P., Kaiser E., Kalling J., Kellog P. P., (17 Audio-CDs with Booklet) Kettle R., Kirby J., Krabbe N., Kristiansson B., ISBN 3-935329-49-0 Krjukov A. P., Lecoeur A., Lelliot D., Leonovitch V. V., Lewis V. C., Lindblad J., Loskot W., Macaulay Order number MP3-329.490-2MP3 L., MacDonald S. D., Margoschis R., Matheu E., ISBN 3-938147-01-6 (2 MP3-Disk) McPherson L. B., Mild K., Moberg A., Morel G., Nakatsubo R., Naumov R., Neufeldt I. A., Duration 19:20 hours Neuvonen S., Nolte F., Noréhn N., Onderstall W., Orszag M., Paatela J., Paillat P., Palmér S., Pantle S., Parker T. A., Parrinder E. R., Pelz P., Pernin D., Copyright Pertuisot R., Pooley T., Radford A., Ranft R., Robin P., Robinson F. N., Robinson R. W., Roché All rights of producer and owner reserved. J. C., Schmedes A., Schubert M., Schulze A., Unauthorized copying, hiring, lending, public Sellar P. J., Serra L., Shnol’ S., Shove L. C., performance and broadcasting of this records Simmons K. E. I., Sinclair M., Stein R. C., prohibited. Stjernstedt R., Stonehouse B., Strobino S., Strömberg M., Sutherland C., Svensson L., Swaby R., Swales M. K., Szöke P., Tarboton W., 3

The Bird Songs of included, as well as many of the non- Europe, North Africa breeders. Treatment of rarities and and the Middle East special cases has been kept brief.

Songs and calls play a predominant Species are listed systematically ac- and versatile role in bird behaviour. cording to taxonomical standards of Since species-specific vocalizations most modern handbooks, including allow bird identification, recognition of the results of DNA-fingerprinting and them is exceptionally important in the sequencing. Families and sub-fami- field for counting birds in dense lies are kept within one CD. Scientific vegetation or under unfavourable and English names for each bird viewing conditions. The book includes species are mentioned. Songs and vocalizations of 819 species from calls of individual species are always Europe, North Africa and the Middle arranged consecutively but on sepa- East, represented by 2817 recordings rate tracks so that they can be chosen of 19.20 hours duration. independently. Vocalizations of juveniles of several subspecies or instru-

The geographical area covered in- mental sounds are found on separate cludes the whole Western Palaearctic: tracks. Europe (up to Svalbard and Franz- Josephs Island in the north, to the Bold numbers indicate where the Ural and Caspian Sea in the east); the recordings of each species can be Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands, found. The first number is the code of and the Cape Verde Islands; North the CD, and the number following the Africa down to 21° N, including slash indicates the track (e.g., 15/24 Morocco, northern Mauritania, Algeria, means CD 15 track 24). Information Tunisia, Libya, Egypt and others; and on the duration of different recordings the Middle East from Turkey and Iraq within one track is given as follows: in the east, southward to approxi- 0:00–2:33–3:26 means two recordings mately 28°N to the southern borders are within one track. The second of Jordan and Kuwait. Most of the recording starts after 2 minutes and more than 600 breeding species are 33 seconds. Total playing time of the track is 3 minutes 26 seconds. 4

The documentation of the recordings Singing activity in most species (pp. 8–50) is short because additional reaches its peak before breeding sea- information and interpretation can son and continues throughout the easily be found in handbooks and fertile period of females. Birds will be field guides. Nevertheless scientific more inconspicuous during hatching background is sometimes incomplete and fledging of the young and almost or lacking. quiet during post-nuptial moult. At middle and higher altitudes, singing in There is a structural differentiation in some species will start again and the definition of songs and calls be- reach a second peak in autumn. Sin- cause songs are often more conti- ging intensity varies during daytime nuous and consist of subunits as within the (breeding) season and is phrases or motifs, but this classifi- influenced by weather conditions. In cation does not apply in general to all spring and summer, it is highest early vocalizations of all species. Songs are in the morning before and after sun- not restricted to songbirds and purity rise and again in the evening before of sound is not relevant for classifi- dusk. In autumn, it peaks later in the cation of songs or calls. morning. Wind and bad weather conditions have a negative influence on The most general function of birdsong song activity in most species. is species identification, which plays an important role in reproduction and Calls, in contrast to songs, are often separation of breeding populations. simpler in structure and can be heard There may be other functional aspects throughout the year for both sexes. of bird songs, such as territoriality, They are uttered in different social attracting females, ensuring pair bon- contexts and their functions are ding, or synchronization of partners or sometimes identical with those of neighbours or groups. In temperate song. There are situation-specific breeding areas, it is mostly the males calls, such as warnings in different that sing, but females of some spe- situations (enemies from the air, cies may also sing. enemies from the ground, flying enemies hunting or not, etc.), flight calls, 5 calls when discovering food resour- G= song ces, calls during landing or taking off, R= calls etc. Instrumental sounds are produ- J= calls of juveniles ced by means other than the syrinx, T= drumming the vocal apparatus of birds. F= flight sound D= rattle, knocking, snapping The drumming of woodpeckers for instance is the knocking of the beak Some of the recordings, such as the on a branch as a resonance board in songs of the Spotted Flycatcher species-specific rhythms. Wing-flap- (12/3–4), the Goldcrest (15/51–52), ping or bill-snapping in special situa- and Firecrest (15/54–55), may not be tions is typical for some species. perceivable by everybody because Other birds use sounds produced by they are of very high frequency and specially shaped feathers vibrating their frequency range sometimes ex- during flight, as in snipes. ceeds the hearing capacity of human ears. Some people may thus incor- Direct access to each of the 2817 rectly assume this is a gap or error recordings is made easy by means of caused by the CD. the track numbers (the bold printed number following the slash), and if This edition will be extended. If you necessary, the accompanying starting can help to complete and improve it time. CD-Players that display index with your own recordings, we are very numbers show the numbers included interested. If you are able to assist, on the CDs. CD-players and PCs with please contact the publisher. Further- CD-text-function show a short table of more, I would appreciate any kind of contents for each track, along with the suggestions. German species name and codes: Dr. Andreas Schulze Munich, 2007 6

Contents of the edition

CD-TitlePage

CD 1 DIVERS Gaviidae 1-4 8 GREBES Podicipedidae 5-13 8 ALBATROSSES Procellariidae 14-18 8 FULMARS, SHEARWATERS, PETRELS 19-36 GANNETS AND BOOBIES Sulidae 37-40 9 PELICANS Pelecanidae 41-44 9 TROPICBIRDS Phaethontidae 45 9 FRIGATEBIRDS Fregatidae 46 9 DARTER Anhingidae 47-48 9 CORMORANTS, SHAGS Phalacrocoracidae 49-54 9 HERONS, EGRETS, BITTERNS Ardeidae 55-82 10 FLAMINGOS Phoenicopteridae 83-84 10 IBIS, SPOONBILLS Threskiornithidae 85-91 11 STORKS Ciconiidae 92-99 11

CD 2 WILDFOWL, WHISTLING DUCKS Dendrocygnidae 1-2 11 SWANS Cygninae 3-6 11 TRUE GEESE Anserini 7-17 11 DUCKS Anatini 18-62 12 SHELGEESE, SHELDUCKS 18-20 • PERCHING DUCKS 21-23 DABBLING DUCKS 24-39 • POCHARDS 40-46 • EIDERS 47-50 SCOTERS, SAWBILLS, OTHER SEA-DUCKS 50-62 STIFF-TAILED DUCKS Oxyurinae 63-64 15

CD 3 HAWKS, VULTURES, Accipitridae 1-57 15 EAGLES, KITES FALCONS, CARACARAS Falconidae 58-76 17

CD 4 SANDGROUSE Pteroclidae 1-7 17 PARTRIDGES, QUAILS, PHEASANTS Phasianidae 8-30 18 GROUSE 31-38 GUINEAFOWL Numididae 39-40 19 NEW WORLD QUAIL Odontophoridae 41-42 19 BUTTONQUAIL Turnicidae 43 19 RAILS, GALLINULES, COOTS Rallidae 44-72 19 CRANES Gruidae 73-77 20 BUSTARDS Otididae 78-84 20 OSTRICH Struthionidae 85-86 20 THICK-KNEES Burhinidae 87-90 20 PRATINCOLES, COURSERS Glareolinae 91-94 20

CD 5 AVOCETS, STILTS Recurvirostrini 1-3 21 OYSTERCATCHERS Haematopodini 4-5 21 PLOVERS, LAPWINGS Charadriinae 6-31 21 SANDPIPERS, ALLIES Tringinae 32-97 22

CD 6 SANDPIPERS, ALLIES Scolopacinae 1-12 24 PAINTED-SNIPER Rostratulidae 13 24 SKUAS Stercorariini 14-18 24 GULLS Larini 19-44 24 TERNS Sternini 45-63 25 SKIMMERS Rynchopini 64 26 AUKS Alcinae 65-73 26

CD 7 BARN-OWLS Tytonidae 1-3 27 TYPICAL OWLS Strigidae 4-44 27 NIGHTHAWKS Chordeilidae 45 28 NIGHTJARS Caprimulgidae 46-50 29 PIGEONS, DOVES Columbidae 51-68 29 7

CD 8 PARASITIC CUCKOOS Cuculidae 1-11 29 NON-PARASITIC CUCKOOS Coccycidae 12-14 30 HOOPOES Upupidae 15-17 30 ROLLERS Coraciidae 18-21 30 BEE-EATERS Meropidae 22-24 30 FOREST KINGFISHERS Halcyonidae 25-27 30 SMALL KINGFISHERS Alcedinidae 28-30 30 PIED KINGFISHERS Cerylidae 31-32 30 SWIFTS Apodidae 33-42 30 MOUSEBIRDS Coliidae 43 31 PARROTS, MACAWS, ALLIES Psittacidae 44 31 WRYNECKS, WOODPECKERS, ALLIES Picidae 45-84 31

CD 9 LARKS Alaudidae 1-40 32 WAGTAILS, PIPITS Motacillinae 41-73 33 SWALLOWS Hirundinidae 74-93 34

CD 10 BULBULS Pycnonotidae 1-4 35 WAXWINGS Bombycillidae 5-6 35 DIPPERS Cinclidae 7-8 35 WRENS Troglodytinae 9-11 35 ACCENTORS Prunellinae 12-18 35 STARLINGS Sturnini 19-27 35 MOCKINGBIRDS, THRASHERS Mimini 28-31 36 THRUSHES, CHATS, ALLIES Turdinae 32-72 36

CD 11 TRUSHES, CHATS, ALLIES Saxicolini 1-61 37

CD 12 OLD WORLD FLYCATCHERS Muscicapini 1-14 39 BUSH-SHRIKES, TYPICAL SHRIKES Laniidae 15-35 39 VIREOS Vireonidae 36 40 CROWS, JAYS, MAGPIES Corvini 37-60 40 OLD WORLD ORIOLES Oriolini 61-63 41

CD 13 SUNBIRDS, ALLIES Nectariniidae 1-4 41 BABBLERS Timaliini 5-8 41 SYLVINE WARBLERS, ALLIES Sylviini 9-45 41 ACROCEPHALINE WARBLERS Hippolaiini 46-58 42

CD 14 ACROCEPHALINE WARBLERS Acrocephalini 1-20 42 CETTINE WARBLERS Cettiini 21-22 43 CISTICOLINE WARBLERS Cisticolidae 23-29 43 LOCUSTINE WARBLERS Locustellini 30-38 43 PHYLLOSCOPINE WARBLERS Phylloscopini 39-77 43

CD 15 LONG-TAILED TITS Aegithalidae 1-2 44 PENDULINE TITS Remizinae 3-4 44 TITS Parinae 5-28 45 NUTHATCHES Sittinae 29-43 45 WALLCREEPERS Tichodrominae 44-45 46 TREECREEPERS Certhiinae 46-50 46 KINGLETS Regulidae 51-55 46

CD 16 SPARROWS, ROCK SPARROWS, Passerinae 1-21 46 SNOW FINCHES WEAVERS, ALLIES Ploceinae 22-24 47 WAXBILLS, GRASSFINCHES, MANNIKINS Estrildinae 25-35 47 FINCHES Fringillini 36-47 47 Carduelini 48-92 47

CD 17 BUNTINGS, NEW WORLD SPARROWS, ALLIES Emberizini 1-59 48 NEW WORLD WOOD-WARBLERS Parulini 60-76 50 TANAGERS Thraupini 77-80 50 CARDINAL GROS-BEAKS, ALLIES Cardinalini 81-85 50 NEW WORLD BLACKBIRDS, ORIOLES, ALLIES Icterini 86-89 50 8

ALBATROSSES, SHEARWATERS CD 1 [75:20 Minutes] AND PETRELS Procellariidae

DIVERS Gaviidae Black-browed Albatross Diomedea melanophris Red-throated Diver Gavia stellata 1/14 0:00 - 0:29 Calls. 1/1 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:40 - 0:50 - 0:58 Calls. Recording 1: courtship display of a pair. Yellow-nosed Albatross Recording 3 and 4: flight calls. Diomedea chlororhynchos 1/15 0:00 - 0:22 Calls. Arctic Diver Gavia arctica 1/2 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:20 - 0:38 - 0:47 - 0:57 Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans Calls. Recording 2: noise of water. 1/16 0:00 - 0:20 Calls. Recording 3: courtship display of a pair. Gray-headed Albatross Common Diver Gavia immer Diomedea chrysostoma 1/3 0:00 - 0:39 - 1:02 Calls of courting pairs. 1/17 0:00 - 0:12 Calls and bill-clattering.

Yellow-billed Diver Gavia adamsii Light-mantled Sooty Albatross 1/4 0:00 - 0:29 - 0:52 Calls of a courting pair. Phoebetria palpebrata 1/18 0:00 - 0:20 Calls.

GREBES Podicipedidae FULMARS, PETRELS, SHEARWATERS Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps 1/5 0:00 - 0:30 Calls. Northern Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis 1/19 0:00 - 0:38 Calls of a pair at the nest. Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis 1/6 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:40 - 1:26 - 1:34 - 1:45 - 2:00 Cape Petrel Daption capense Calls. Recording 2: duett of a pair. 1/20 0:00 - 0:16 Calls. Recording 6: “winter call” often only heard outside of the breeding period. Fea´s Petrel Pterodroma feae 1/7 0:00 - 0:17 Calls of Juveniles. 1/21 0:00 - 0:32 Flight calls of adults.

Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus Zino’s Petrel Pterodroma madeira 1/8 0:00 - 0:46 - 1:27 - 1:51 - 2:13 - 2:26 - 2:39 1/22 0:00 - 0:14 Calls of a flying adult. Calls of pairs and single birds. Recording 1: two neighbouring pairs matching. Bulwer’s Petrel Bulweria bulwerii 1/9 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:48 - 1:05 Calls of Juveniles. 1/23 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:40 Calls from a breeding cavity. Red-necked Grebe Podiceps grisegena 1/10 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:52 - 0:58 Cory’s Shearwater Calonectris diomedea Calls. Recording 1 and 2: a mating pair. 1/24 0:00 - 0:27 - 0:51 - 1:17 Flight calls of 1/11 0:00 - 0:13 Calls of chicks. adult shearwaters close of their colony: until 0:05 calls of an adult from the breeding cavity. Slavonian Grebe Podiceps auritus Recording 2: repeated chirruping of a chick. 1/12 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:21 - 0:40 - 0:51 - 1:15 Calls. Recording 3: courtship behaviour of a pair. Cape Verde Shearwater Calonectris edwardsii Black-necked Grebe Podiceps nigricollis 1/25 0:00 - 0:36 Calls within a colony. 1/13 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:40 - 1:01 Recording 1 and 2: calls of mating pairs, afterwards a flock Greater Shearwater Puffinus gravis during spring-time migration (calls of an Eurasian 1/26 0:00 - 0:13 Calls. Coot at the background). 9

Sooty Shearwater Puffinus griseus PELICANS Pelecanidae 1/27 0:00 - 0:18 Calls. White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus Manx Shearwater Puffinus puffinus 1/41 0:00 - 0:32 - 1:07 - 1:18 Calls. 1/28 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:44 - 0:51 Calls close to the Recording 1: at a roost (Fire-bellied Toad at the colony. background). Recording 2: within a colony followed by flight calls and sound of wings. Yelkouan Shearwater Puffinus yelkouan 1/42 0:00 - 0:17 Calls of a nestling. 1/29 0:00 - 0:52 Flight calls of adults close to a colony. Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus 1/43 0:00 - 0:28 - 1:02 Calls within a colony. Balearic Shearwater Puffinus mauretanicus 1/30 0:00 - 0:16 Calls at the nest. Pink-backed Pelican Pelecanus rufescens 1/44 0:00 - 0:25 Calls within a colony. Little Shearwater Puffinus assimilis 1/31 0:00 - 0:26 Calls within a colony. TROPICBIRDS Phaethontidae Wilson´s Storm-Petrel Oceanites oceanicus 1/32 0:00 - 0:26 Calls of a pair. Red-billed Tropicbird Phaethon aethereus 1/45 0:00 - 0:19 Calls. White-faced Storm-Petrel Pelagodroma marina 1/33 0:00 - 0:24 Calls from a breeding cavitye. FRIGATEBIRDS Fregatidae

European Storm-Petrel Hydrobates pelagicus Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens 1/34 0:00 - 0:53 - 1:16 - 1:42 Calls from 1/46 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:56 Calls. breeding cavities within a colony.

Leach´s Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa DARTER Anhingidae 1/35 0:00 - 0:43 - 1:08 Calls of adults from the breeding cavitye. Recording 2: cheeping calls of African Darter Anhinga rufa a nestling for example from 0:51 to 0:53. 1/47 0:00 - 0:28 Calls within a small colony. Recording 1: only adults, from 0:18 also Madeiran Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma castro nestlings. 1/36 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:40 Recording 1: calls of 1/48 0:00 - 0:14 Nestlings calling. an adult Petrel from the breeding cavitye. Recording 2: flight calls. CORMORANTS AND SHAGS Phalacrocoracidae GANNETS AND BOOBIES Sulidae Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo Brown Booby Sula leucogaster 1/49 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:42 - 1:35 - 2:12 1/37 0:00 - 0:23 Calls. Recording 1-3: Calls close to a colony. At 0:28 and 0:36 a small nestling. Recording 4: troop Cape Gannet Morus capensis calling the roost. 1/38 0:00 - 0:31 Calls. 1/50 0:00 - 0:10 Calls of a nestling.

Gannet Morus bassanus Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis 1/39 0:00 - 0:42 - 1:04 Calls and flightsounds 1/51 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:33 Calls on the nest. close to a colony. 1/52 0:00 - 0:27 Nestlings calling. 1/40 0:00 - 0:10 Calls of an older nestling. Pygmy Cormorant Phalacrocorax pygmeus 1/53 0:00 - 0:13 Calls of adults and juveniles within a small colony. 10

Long-tailed Cormorant Western Reef-Heron Egretta gularis Phalacrocorax africanus 1/71 0:00 - 0:07 - 0:24 - 0:45 Calls and 1/54 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:31 Calls of adults and flight sounds. juveniles within a colony. Little Egret Egretta garzetta 1/72 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:31 - 0:44 Flight calls at the HERONS, EGRETS AND BITTERNS beginning, a calling troop at a stretch of water at Ardeidae recording 2, followed by calls within a small colony. Great Bittern Botaurus stellaris 1/73 0:00 - 0:10 Nestlings calling. 1/55 0:00 - 0:53 Song of a male. 1/56 0:00 - 0:08 Flight calls. Intermediate Egret Egretta intermedia 1/74 0:00 - 0:11 Calls of an adult taking flight. American Bittern Botaurus lentiginosus 1/57 0:00 - 0:15 Song of a male. Great White Egret Casmerodius alba 1/75 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:19 - 0:30 - 0:47 - 1:08 Least Bittern Ixobrychus exilis Recording 1-4: flight calls, followed by calls at 1/58 0:00 - 0:21 Song of a male. the eyrie. 1/76 0:00 - 0:40 - 1:01 First calls of large Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus nestlings, followed by calls of younger nestlings 1/59 0:00 - 0:37 Song of a male. at the second recording. 1/60 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:19 Calls. Recording 2: flight calls. Grey Heron Ardea cinerea 1/77 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:34 - 1:06 Flight calls at Dwarf Bittern Ixobrychus sturmii first, then calling of an adult at the eyrie at the 1/61 0:00 - 0:17 Song of a male. second recording, followed by calls within a colony. Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax 1/78 0:00 - 0:32 - 0:47 Recording 1: calls of 1/62 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:24 - 0:43 - 0:56 Recording almost fledging nestlings. Recording 2: calls of 1: flight calls, after that calls at the nesting area. smaller nestlings. 1/63 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:31 Nestlings calling. Black-headed Heron Ardea melanocephala Green-backed Heron Butorides striatus 1/79 0:00 - 0:10 Flight calls. 1/64 0:00 - 0:06 - 0:14 - 0:21 Calls. Recording 3: flight calls. Purple Heron Ardea purpurea 1/80 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:25 - 0:36 - 0:48 - 1:02 Green Heron Butorides virescens Calls. Recording 1-3: flight calls. Recording 5: a 1/65 0:00 - 0:08 Calls. pair at the eyrie. 1/81 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:36 Recording 1: calls of Squacco Heron Ardeola ralloides older nestlings followed by calls of small 1/66 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:24 - 0:38 Recording 1 nestlings at recording 2. and 2: flight calls followed by begging young at the nest. Goliath Heron Ardea goliath 1/67 0:00 - 0:15 Nestlings calling. 1/82 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:18 Flight calls.

Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis 1/68 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:18 - 0:37 - 1:06 Recording FLAMINGOS Phoenicopteridae 1 and 2: flight calls followed by calls within the colony. Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber 1/69 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:43 Nestlings calling, 1/83 0:00 - 0:32 - 0:58 - 1:14 - 1:28 additional to the muffled “ok-ok...”-calls of the Calls. Recording 1: a flock searching food. adults. Recording 2: fighting adults followed by the sound of a colony. Black Heron Egretta ardesiaca 1/70 0:00 - 0:34 Calls of a small flock searching for food. 11

Lesser Flamingo Phoenicopterus minor 1/98 0:00 - 0:31 - 0:50 Recording 1: calls of 1/84 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:48 - 1:03 Calls. large nestlings, followed by calls of a solitary Recording 1: a flock searching for food. nestling. Recording 2: flight calls, followed by calls of a flying swarm. Marabou Stork Leptoptilos crumeniferus 1/99 0:00 - 0:20 Calls within a colony.

IBIS AND SPOONBILLS Threskiornithidae

Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus CD 2 [70:34 Minutes] 1/85 0:00 - 0:38 - 0:54 Calls within a colony: grunting and cawing of adults, a hoarse chirrupping of nestlings. WILDFOWL, WHISTLING DUCKS 1/86 0:00 - 0:13 Calling nestlings. Dendrocygnidae

Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita Fulvous Whistling Duck Dendrocygna bicolor 1/87 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:40 Calls within a small 2/1 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:37 Flight calls of small colony. Recording 2: adults accomanied by flocks. twittering nestlings, most clearly heard from 0:26 to 0:30. White-faced Whistling Duck Dendrocygna viduata Sacred Ibis Threskiornis aethiopicus 2/2 0:00 - 0:11 Flight calls of a small flock. 1/88 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:31 Recording 1: flight calls, followed by calls within a colony in recording 2. SWANS, TRUE GEESE Cygninae

Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia Mute Swan Cygnus olor 1/89 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:47 - 1:08 Recording 1: 2/3 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:34 - 1:00 - 1:26 - 1:41 - flight calls. Recording 2 and 3: sound of a colony. 1:52 - 2:08 - 2:32 Recording 1 and 2: flight Sounds of wings and nasal or grunting calls of sounds produced by wing feathers as well as adults, chirping calls of nestlings. calls. Starting with recording 3, sounds are 1/90 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:25 Nestlings calling. produced by feet and wings when taking off. Recording 8: an irritated, threatened animal. African Spoonbill Platalea alba 2/4 0:00 - 0:12 Calling of downy chicks. 1/91 0:00 - 0:14 Calls. Whistling Swan Cygnus columbianus 2/5 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:19 - 0:42 - 1:18 - 1:40 STORKS Ciconiidae Calls. Recording 3 and 5: flocks of swans.

Yellow-billed Stork Mycteria ibis Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus 1/92 0:00 - 0:10 Bill-clattering. 2/6 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:41 - 0:52 - 1:07 - 1:24 - 1/93 0:00 - 0:17 Nestlings calling. 1:36 - 1:47 - 1:59 - 2:15 - 2:26 Calls of single birds and pairs. Recording 9-10: calls of a flock. Black Stork Ciconia nigra 1/94 0:00 - 0:15 Calls during courtship display of a pair. GEESE Anserini 1/95 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:34 - 0:44 Calling and bill- clattering of nestlings. Bean Goose Anser fabalis 2/7 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:29 - 1:00 Recording 3: calls White Stork Ciconia ciconia of a flock. 1/96 0:00 - 0:44 A pair bill-clattering at the nest, partially also flight sounds. 1/97 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:44 Calls. Recording 2: copulation with bill-clattering. 12

Pink-footed Goose Anser brachyrhynchus Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea 2/8 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:31 - 0:47 - 0:59 - 1:20 Calls 2/19 0:00 - 0:44 - 1:16 - 1:26 Calls of a pair. and at recording 4 flight sounds, a swarm at recording 5. PERCHING DUCKS

Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna 2/9 0:00 - 0:59 - 1:20 Recording 1: calls of a 2/20 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:40 - 0:59 - 1:30 - 1:59 flock, followed by a large swarm taking off. Recording 1: a male calling. Recording 2-3: calls of a pair, whistling calls of the male, quacking Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser erythropus calls of the female. Afterwards, calls of a small 2/10 0:00 - 0:41 - 0:54 - 1:07 Calls. group (Sparrows in the background). Recording 5: calls of a pair and buzzing flight sound. Greylag Goose Anser anser 2/11 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:27 - 0:45 - 1:17 Calls. Spur-winged Goose Plectropterus gambensis Recording 4: a grazing troop. 2/21 0:00 - 0:39 Calls of a small flock.

Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus Wood Duck Aix sponsa 2/12 0:00 - 0:28 Calls. 2/22 0:00 - 0:45 Courtship call of a male.

Snow Goose Anser caerulescens Mandarin Duck Aix galericulata 2/13 0:00 - 0:29 - 0:39 Recording 1: calls of 2/23 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:39 - 1:08 Recording 1: migrating birds. calling males. Recording 2: calls of a female, sound of water and calls during communal Canada Goose Branta canadensis courtship display of a group. 2/14 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:30 - 0:40 - 1:07 Recording 4: calls of a flock. DABBLING DUCKS

Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope 2/15 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:30 - 0:53 - 1:06 2/24 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:44 - 0:57 - 1:11 - Calls, at recording 2 croaking sound of wing 1:21 - 1:32 Recording 1: calls of a male. feathers of a starting bird. Recording 4: a small, Recording 2: calls of a large wintering flock. wintering flock. Afterwards, courtship behaviour of a pair, growling sounds produced by the female. Calls Brent Goose Branta bernicla of a female starting with recording 4, flight calls 2/16 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:26 - 1:04 - 1:18 Calls. at recording 6. Recording 2-4: calls of larger flocks. American Wigeon Anas americana Red-breasted Goose Branta ruficollis 2/25 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:24 Recording 1: calls of a 2/17 0:00 - 0:30 A pair calling. male, followed by a flying female at recording 2.

Falcated Duck Anas falcata SHELGEESE, SHELDUCKS Anatini 2/26 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:35 Calls of the male.

Egyptian Goose Alopochen aegyptiacus Gadwall Anas strepera 2/18 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:46 - 0:57 - 1:11 - 2/27 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:42 - 1:07 - 1:20 - 1:31 1:27 - 1:42 Recording 1: call of a male. Recording 1: calls of a male first. Recording 2-3: Recording 2: a small flock at the hoarse hissing calls during communal courtship males giving a sound produced by the males, the “ang” by the loud, rasping “raed” and a whistling “feeed” females. Recording 3-4: females. Recording 5-6: females quacking. calls of several pairs as well as chirrupping of a chick at recording 6. 13

Baikal Teal Anas formosa Blue-winged Teal Anas discors 2/28 0:00 - 0:32 Calls of a male. 2/37 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:43 Recording 1: thin whistling calls of courting males and quacking of Green-winged Teal Anas crecca a female. Recording 2: a single female. 2/29 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:47 - 0:55 - 1:03 - 1:39 Courtship behaviour of pairs at recording 1 and Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata 2: the male call is a high “krreek”, the quacking 2/38 0:00 - 0:27 - 0:38 Recording 1: “tok” of a female is heard the best from 0:38. Calls of the male. Recording 2: a female calling. female at recording 3-5 (in the background recording 5: calls of the Northern Lapwing and Marbled Teal Marmaronetta angustirostris Common Redshank and others). 2/39 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:28 Recording 1: calls of a male. Recording 2: calls of a female. Cape Teal Anas capensis 2/30 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:42 Recording 1: calls of POCHARDS the male. Recording 2: calls of a flying female. Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 2/40 0:00 - 0:30 - 0:41 - 0:59 Recording 1: 2/31 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:34 - 0:47 - 1:08 - 1:27 - calls of a male, followed by a flying female and a 1:49 - 2:18 - 2:31 Recording 1-3: calls of a flock at recording 3. male, also flight sounds at recording 2. Recording 4: calls of a female. Recording 5-6: Common Pochard Aythya ferina courtship behaviour of several pairs. Recording 2/41 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:45 - 1:02 - 1:20 - 1:37 - 7-8: calls of a female and cheeping calls of the 1:48 - 2:00 Recording 1-2: calls of males nasal young. “rarr-rarr...”-calls of females at recording 2. 2/32 0:00 - 0:16 Calls of newly-hatched Recording 3-7: calls of a female; also calls of a chicks. male in the background of recording 3 and 4, flight sounds at recording 5-6, cheeping calls of a Black Duck Anas rubripes downy nestling at recording 7. 2/33 0:00 - 0:07 Calls of a female. Redhead Aythya americana Northern Pintail Anas acuta 2/42 0:00 - 0:27 Calls of a communal 2/34 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:52 - 1:01 Recording 1: displaying group: the cat-like “whee-au” is the several males calling, followed by a courtship of male, the rolling “rrr” and quacking is the female. a pair, a loud, whistling “krrue”, as well as a muffled, nasal “weeh-weej” of the male, a low, Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris rolling “krrrah” of the female. Recording 3: calls 2/43 0:00 - 0:39 Calls of a pair, the female of a female. quacking.

Red-billed Duck Anas erythrorhyncha Ferruginous Pochard Aythya nyroca 2/35 0:00 - 0:24 Communal courtship 2/44 0:00 - 0:55 - 1:04 Recording 1: calls behaviour of a small flock: the males whistling during courtship display of a small group, the high, the females with a hoarse-quacking. “kerr kerr” up to 0:02 a female, the nasal “tjuek- tjuek...” and “kjae-kjae...” a male. Recording 2: Garganey Anas querquedula flight calls of a female. 2/36 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:46 - 1:06 - 1:15 - 1:22 - 1:35 - 1:53 Recording 1: flight calls of a pair, the male croaking – scraping a comb –, the female quacking. Recording 2-3: courtship behaviour of a pair. Recording 4-6: calls of the female. Recording 7: calls of a flock in winter. 14

Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula Velvet Scoter Melanitta fusca 2/45 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:33 - 0:51 - 1:16 - 1:27 2/55 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:29 Recording 1: flight calls Recording 1-2: calls of courting males, calls of a of a female. Recording 2: calls of a female and female at 0:29. Recording 3: calls of a female her downy chicks. from 0:45 those of a male. Recording 4-5: flight- calls of females. Bufflehead Bucephala albeola 2/56 0:00 - 0:25 Calls of a pair: the male Scaup Aythya marila snarling, the female calling “ik-ik-ik-ik”. 2/46 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:26 - 0:42 - 0:58 - 1:37 Recording 1-2: courtship behaviour of a male. Barrow’s Goldeneye Bucephala islandica Recording 3-5: calls of a female, from 1:27 flight- 2/57 0:00 - 0:29 - 0:44 “krrah”-calls of a sound. female first, followed from 0:13 to 0:18 or 0:25 by the staccato-like calls of a male, also flight EIDERS sounds. Recording 2: flight sounds of a larger group of males. Common Eider Somateria mollissima 2/47 0:00 - 1:04 - 1:16 First a Recording 1: Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula communal courtship of a flock, muffled 2/58 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:40 - 0:56 - 1:10 Recording “ahuuuo”-calls of males, low “korr”- and 1-2: calls of a male and instrumental flight sound “kokoko”-calls of females. Recording 2 in the caused by an altered primary at recording 2. foreground: calls of a single female. Recording 3-4: flight-calls of a female. 2/48 0:00 - 0:09 Calls of downy chicks and calls of females, among others. Hooded Merganser Lophodytes cucullatus 2/59 0:00 - 0:37 - 0:45 Recording 1: calls of a King Eider Somateria spectabilis male. Flight sounds at recording 2. 2/49 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:35 Recording 1: communal courtship display of a small flock, females calling Smew Mergellus albellus “gok-gok..”, males with a low gurgling “gru-gru- 2/60 0:00 - 0:18 Calls of a pair: a muffled guruu”, followed by calls of a single female. “gok-gok-gok...” of a female, a wooden, accellerating clattering of a male (in the Steller’s Eider Polysticta stelleri background calls of a King Eider, among others). 2/50 0:00 - 0:24 Calls of females. Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator SCOTER, SAWBILLDS, 2/61 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:40 - 1:08 - 1:24 OTHER SEA-DUCKS Recording 1: calls of a male. Courtship behaviour of a pair at recording 2 and 3: high, nasal calls of Harlequin Histrionicus histrionicus the male, raw “rak-rak”-calls of the female. 2/51 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:43 Courtship calls of Recording 4: calls and flight sound of a female. males. Common Merganser Mergus merganser Long-tailed Duck Clangula hyemalis 2/62 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:43 - 0:55 - 1:17 - 2/52 0:00 - 0:18 - 1:07 Calls of a male 1:29 - 1:48 Recording 1-2: a small flock during and flight sounds at recording 1. Communal communal courtship behaviour, calls of the male courtship of a flock at recording 2. like “rueh-roh”, those of the female a hard “krak- krak-krak...” and a cackling “aeck-aeck-aeck...”. Common Scoter Melanitta nigra Recording 3-6: calls of females, partially also 2/53 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:23 - 1:13 Calls of a male. flight sound. Recording 2: flight sounds. Recording 3: a troop of birds.

Surf Scoter Melanitta perspicillata 2/54 0:00 - 0:12 Calls of a flying female. 15

STIFF-TAILED DUCKS Oxyurinae Osprey Pandion haliaetus 3/10 0:00 - 0:46 - 0:55 Calls during flight in Ruddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis close to the eyrie. Recording 1: calls and flight 2/63 0:00 - 0:54 Instrumental-sounds of a sounds of a female. Recording 2: starting with a displaying male, produced as bill first taps then female, followed by calls of the male from 0:51. slaps inflated tracheal air-sac. Sound of water in the background. African Fish-Eagle Haliaeetus vocifer 3/11 0:00 - 0:15 Calls. White-headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala 2/64 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:35 Recording 1: courtship Pallas’ Fish-Eagle Haliaeetus leucoryphus of a pair; high, whistling calls and rythmical 3/12 0:00 - 0:17 Calls. beating of wings of the male, lower calls of the female. Recording 2: a courting male starting White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla with rattling calls, beating of wings and whistling 3/13 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:28 - 0:41 - 1:24 - calls at the end (song of a Corn Bunting in the 1:54 - 2:10 Calls. background). 3/14 0:00 - 0:10 Calls of a large juvenile.

Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos 3/15 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:37 Recording 1: calls of a CD 3 [65:13 Minutes] male. Recording 2: calls of a female. 3/16 0:00 - 0:23 Calls of a fledgling.

HAWKS, VULTURES, EAGLES AND Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca KITES Accipitridae 3/17 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:41 - 0:46 Calls. Recording 3: showing the trilling alarm call. Bearded Vulture Gypaetus barbatus 3/18 0:00 - 0:20 Calls of an older nestling. 3/1 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:26 Recording 1: courtship calls during flight of a singular bird, a pair at Spanish Imperial Eagle Aquila adalberti recording 2. 3/19 0:00 - 0:17 - 1:10 Calls. 3/2 0:00 - 0:11 Calls of a nestling. 3/20 0:00 - 0:18 Calls of a large nestling.

Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus Lesser Spotted Eagle Aquila pomarina 3/3 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:33 - 0:47 Recording 1: calls 3/21 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:56 Recording 1: flight-calls of a small flock at the carrion. Recording 2-3: of an adult chasing away a Golden Eagle. calls at the eyrie, the female starting, both adults Recording 2: “kjuek”-calls of an adult close to the at recording 3. eyrie and cheeping calls of a nestling. 3/4 0:00 - 0:10 Flight sounds and calls. Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus 3/22 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:32 - 0:43 Calls. 3/5 0:00 - 0:46 - 1:13 Several birds with carrion calling. Recording 1-2: also flight sounds Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis of landing and starting birds. 3/23 0:00 - 1:19 Calls.

Rueppel’s Griffon Gyps rueppellii Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax 3/6 0:00 - 0:04 Calls at the carrion. 3/24 0:00 - 0:20 Calls.

Lappet-faced Vulture Torgos tracheliotus 3/7 0:00 - 0:07 - 0:15 Calls.

Black Vulture Aegypius monachus 3/8 0:00 - 0:10 Calls immediately before copulation (Doves in the background). 3/9 0:00 - 0:33 - 0:50 Recording 1: calls of a large nestling. Recording 2: calls of a young nestling. 16

Verreaux’s Eagle Aquila verreauxii Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus 3/25 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:38 Calls: a pair during 3/39 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:41 - 1:16 Recording 1: a courtship display at recording 2. pair during courtship display; calls of a female at the foreground, in the backround calls of a male. Short-toed Eagle Circaetus gallicus Recording 2: calls a male close to the eyrie. 3/26 0:00 - 0:54 - 1:09 - 1:26 Calls: of a pair Recording 3: a female. during courtship flight at recording 1. 3/27 0:00 - 0:15 Calls of a large nestling. Montagu´s Harrier Circus pygargus 3/40 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:44 - 1:07 - 1:18 Recording Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus 1-3: calls during flight display, first a male, 3/28 0:00 - 0:33 - 0:55 Recording 1: calls of a followed by a pair (the cheeping “psii” of the flying male. Recording 2: a pair close to the eyrie; female, Common Redshank and Common the female starts calling followed also by the Skylarks at the background), followed by another male from 0:40. female. Recording 4: calls of a flying female close to the nest. Bonelli’s Eagle Hieraaetus fasciatus 3/41 0:00 - 0:17 Calls of a juvenile. 3/29 0:00 - 0:32 Calls. 3/30 0:00 - 0:24 Calls of an older nestling. Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus 3/42 0:00 - 0:34 - 0:55 Calls. Recording 1: a Bateleur Terathopius ecaudatus male during flight display. Recording 2: a female 3/31 0:00 - 0:33 Calls of two adults. close to the nest.

Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus 3/32 0:00 - 0:35 Calls of a pair. 3/43 0:00 - 0:38 - 1:18 Recording 1: calls of a pair during courtship flight. Red Kite Milvus milvus 3/44 0:00 - 0:16 Calls of a juvenile. 3/33 0:00 - 0:37 - 1:02 Recording 1: courtship display of a pair. Recording 2: calls of a female Rough-legged Hawk Buteo lagopus close to the eyrie. 3/45 0:00 - 0:55 - 1:18 Flight-calls close to the 3/34 0:00 - 0:27 Calls of a fledgling. nest.

Black Kite Milvus migrans Common Buzzard Buteo buteo 3/35 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:54 - 1:06 - 1:19 Recording 3/46 0:00 - 0:30 - 0:42 - 1:11 - 1:22 Calls: a 1: calls at a commonunal roost. Recording 2–3: pair in the nesting area at recording 3. calls of a female close to the eyrie. Recording 4: 3/47 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:30 Calls of fledglings. calls of a male during copulation. 3/36 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:38 - 0:57 Recording 1: European Honey Buzzard Pernis apivorus calls of fledglings; followed by calls of two-week 3/48 0:00 - 0:19 Calls during flight display. old nestlings. Trilling at recording 3 is typical for excitement, here: fighting siblings at the nest. Dark Chanting Goshawk Melierax metabates 3/49 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:37 Recording 1: calls Western Marsh-Harrier Circus aeruginosus during flight display. 3/37 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:29 - 0:57 - 1:06 - 3/50 0:00 - 0:39 Calls of an immature bird. 1:16 - 1:24 Recording 1–2: calls of a male during flight display. Recording 3: onwards calls Gabar Goshawk Micronisus gabar of a female. 3/51 0:00 - 0:31 Calls of a soaring pair. 3/38 0:00 - 0:15 Calls of large nestlings. 17

Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis Hobby Falco subbuteo 3/52 0:00 - 0:31 - 0:57 - 1:15 - 1:50 Recording 3/65 0:00 - 1:01 - 1:18 - 1:31 - 1:46 Calls 1: calls of a pair close to the nesting site, female at the nest. Two different pairs at recording 1 in the foreground. Recording 2: another pair and 2. calling close to the nest. Recording 3-4: calls of a 3/66 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:35 Recording 1: calls of a female. fledgling. Recording 2: calls of large nestlings. 3/53 0:00 - 0:36 - 0:56 - 1:17 - 1:33 - 1:55 Recording 1: calls of a six-month-old. Recording Eleonora’s Falcon Falco eleonorae 2: calls of large nestlings. Recording 3: calls of 3/67 0:00 - 0:51 Calls within a small colony. five-week-old nestlings during nestcontrol followed by feeding calls of four-week-old- Lanner Falcon Falco biarmicus nestlings. Recording 4: calls of a two-day-old 3/68 0:00 - 0:35 - 1:38 Recording 1: food- chick. passing call; first calls of the female, from 0:20 onwards also calls of the male. Recording 2: Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus flight-calls close to the nest (partially with echo 3/54 0:00 - 0:28 Calls of a female close to the from the rocks surface). nest. 3/55 0:00 - 0:27 Calls of a fledgling. Saker Falcon Falco cherrug 3/69 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:56 - 1:14 Calls. Shikra Accipiter badius 3/70 0:00 - 0:22 Calls of four-and-a-half week 3/56 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:38 Calls. old nestlings. Recording 2: flight-calls. Gyrfalcon Falco rusticolus Levant Sparrowhawk Accipiter brevipes 3/71 0:00 - 0:18 Flight-calls close to the nest. 3/57 0:00 - 0:31 Calls of a female, after 0:08 3/72 0:00 - 0:38 Calls of large nestlings (calls also from her nestlings. of Northern Fulmars in the background).

Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus FALCONS AND CARACARAS 3/73 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:45 - 1:02 - 1:10 Calls. Falconidae 3/74 0:00 - 0:13 Calls of a fledgling close to the nest. Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni 3/58 0:00 - 0:23 - 1:03 Calls within a small Barbary Falcon Falco pelegrinoides breeding-colony. 3/75 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:23 Calls. 3/76 0:00 - 0:10 Calls of a larger juvenile. Eurasian Kestrel Falco tinnunculus 3/59 0:00 - 0:49 - 1:38 Calls of different pairs at the breeding sites. 3/60 0:00 - 0:20 Calls of a two-and-a-half- week-old nestling. CD 4 [76:51 Minutes]

American Kestrel Falco sparverius 3/61 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:28 - 0:40 Calls. SANDGROUSE Pteroclidae

Red-footed Falcon Falco vespertinus Lichtenstein’s Sandgrouse 3/62 0:00 - 0:42 - 0:58 - 1:10 Recording 1: Pterocles lichtensteinii calls at the breeding site, within a small colony. 4/1 0:00 - 0:35 Calls of a flock at water: after 3/63 0:00 - 0:23 Calls of large nestlings. 0:29 flight sounds.

Merlin Falco columbarius Crowned Sandgrouse Pterocles coronatus 3/64 0:00 - 0:43 Calls of a female flying close 4/2 0:00 - 0:32 - 1:03 Calling flocks: at to the nest. recording 2 also flight sounds. 18

Spotted Sandgrouse Pterocles senegallus Sand Partridge Ammoperdix heyi 4/3 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:38 - 1:07 Calls and sounds 4/17 0:00 - 0:23 Song of a male. of flying flocks at recording 2-3. Black Francolin Francolinus francolinus Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse 4/18 0:00 - 0:43 - 1:08 Song of a male: at the Pterocles exustus background of recording 1 two additional males. 4/4 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:35 Calls and flight sounds. Double-spurred Francolin Black-bellied Sandgrouse Pterocles orientalis Francolinus bicalcaratus 4/5 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:53 - 1:11 Calls and flight 4/19 0:00 - 0:20 Song of a male. sounds. 4/20 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:29 Calls.

Pin-tailed Sandgrouse Pterocles alchata Gray Partridge Perdix perdix 4/6 0:00 - 0:27 - 1:03 - 1:19 Calls and flight 4/21 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:36 - 0:51 - 1:07 - sounds. Recording 1: a smaller flock. Recording 1:24 - 1:44 Song. At recording 6 song and calls 2-3: large-swarms. of a small flock. 4/22 0:00 - 0:09 Calls (a Common Pheasant in Pallas’ Sandgrouse Syrrhaptes paradoxus the background at 0:04). 4/7 0:00 - 0:10 Calls of a flying flock. Common Quail Coturnix coturnix 4/23 0:00 - 0:32 Song of a male. PARTRIDGES, QUAILS 4/24 0:00 - 0:09 Calls and flight sounds. AND PHEASANTS Phasianidae Reeves’ Pheasant Syrmaticus reevesii 4/25 0:00 - 0:25 Calls. Chukar Alectoris chukar 4/8 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:52 Song of a male. Ring-necked Pheasant Phasianus colchicus 4/9 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:41 - 0:58 - 1:07 - 1:20 Calls. 4/26 0:00 - 0:14 Song of three neighboring Recording 2: a flock. Recording 5: up to 1:11 males. Calling-intervals of a male quite long, also flight sounds. “goeoegock” followed by wing clattering every 2-3 minutes. Rock Partridge Alectoris graeca 4/27 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:26 - 0:47 - 0:54 - 1:06 4/10 0:00 - 0:30 - 0:59 Song of a male. Calling males. Recording 3: was taken in the evening at the roost and includes the sound of Red-legged Partridge Alectoris rufa wing-beats. Recording 4-5: calls and flight 4/11 0:00 - 0:25 - 1:14 Song of a male sounds of a starting male. (partially with echo). 4/12 0:00 - 0:10 Calls. Golden Pheasant Chrysolophus pictus 4/28 0:00 - 0:17 Song of a male. Hybrid Rock Partridge/Red-legged Partridge 4/29 0:00 - 0:24 Calls. Alectoris graeca x rufa 4/13 0:00 - 0:22 - 1:00 Song of a male. Lady Amherst’s Pheasant Chrysolophus amherstiae Barbary Partridge Alectoris barbara 4/30 0:00 - 0:08 Song of a male. 4/14 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:45 - 1:00 - 1:18 Song of a male. GROUSE 4/15 0:00 - 0:08 Calls: until 0:02 also flight sounds. Hazel Grouse Bonasa bonasia 4/31 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:40 Song of a male. See-see Partridge 4/32 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:34 Calls of a female: at Ammoperdix griseogularis recording 1 also flight sounds. 4/16 0:00 - 0:24 Song of a male. Willow Ptarmigan Lagopus lagopus 4/33 0:00 - 0:55 Song and flight sound during courtship display of a male. 19

Rock Ptarmigan Lagopus mutus Spotted Crake Porzana porzana 4/34 0:00 - 0:34 - 0:55 Song and flight sounds 4/47 0:00 - 0:45 Song of two males. during courtship display of a male. 4/48 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:33 Calls in winter. 4/49 0:00 - 0:20 Calls of downy chicks. Black Grouse Tetrao tetrix 4/35 0:00 - 0:32 - 0:45 A group of males Sora Porzana carolina during lek display: rookooing song and crowing 4/50 0:00 - 0:24 Song of a male. hiss followed by wing beats from 0:38 onwards. 4/51 0:00 - 0:18 Calls. 4/36 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:38 - 0:44 Calls and takeoff of a male first, followed by calls of a female at Little Crake Porzana parva the foreground of recording 2, at the background 4/52 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:55 - 1:48 Song of a male. hissing calls of a male, then taking off and calls 4/53 0:00 - 0:07 - 0:23 Calls. Recording 2: of a female. calls of an unpaired female.

Eurasian Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus Baillon’s Crake Porzana pusilla 4/37 0:00 - 0:45 Song of a male. 4/54 0:00 - 0:32 - 0:52 Song of a male 4/38 0:00 - 0:24 Calls of a female. (in the background a Common Treefrog Hyla arborea). 4/55 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:38 Recording 1: calls of a GUINEAFOWL Numididae male. 4/56 0:00 - 0:17 Calls of a downy chick. Helmeted Guineafowl Numida meleagris 4/39 0:00 - 0:13 Song of a male. Striped Crake Porzana marginalis 4/40 0:00 - 0:20 Calls. 4/57 0:00 - 0:24 Song. 4/58 0:00 - 0:07 - 0:19 Calls.

NEW WORLD QUAIL Corn Crake Crex crex Odontophoridae 4/59 0:00 - 0:37 - 1:03 - 2:48 Song of a male. Recording 3: a singing male and two softly California Quail Callipepla californica calling birds are passing a meadow. 4/41 0:00 - 0:20 Song of a male. 4/60 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:31 Calls.

Northern Bobwhite Colinus virginianus Black Crake Amaurornis flavirostris 4/42 0:00 - 0:40 Song of a male. 4/61 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:33 Calls. Recording 1: a pair.

BUTTONQUAIL Turnicidae Moorhen Gallinula chloropus 4/62 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:30 - 0:59 - 1:10 - 1:33 - Small Buttonquail Turnix sylvatica 1:42 - 1:50 - 2:02 - 2:09 Calls. (Some of the 4/43 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:43 - 0:48 Recording 1: calls may also be interpreted as song.) song of a female. Recording 2: song of two 4/63 0:00 - 0:28 Calls of about three-week-old females. Recording 3: sound of take-off. young (in the background calls of Barn Swallows, among others).

RAILS, GALLINULES AND COOTS Lesser Moorhen Gallinula angulata Rallidae 4/64 0:00 - 0:24 Calls.

Water Rail Rallus aquaticus Allen’s Gallinule Porphyrula alleni 4/44 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:27 - 0:40 - 0:48 Song. 4/65 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:37 Calls. 4/45 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:33 - 0:46 - 1:04 - 1:15 Calls. Recording 1: two adults calling simultaneously (Recording 4: among others calls of a coot in the background). 4/46 0:00 - 0:08 Calls of a downy chick. 20

American Purple Gallinule Houbara Bustard Chlamydotis undulata Porphyrula martinica 4/79 0:00 - 0:29 Song of a male. (intervals 4/66 0:00 - 0:27 Calls. artificially-shortened) 4/80 0:00 - 0:13 Calls of a male. Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio 4/67 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:32 - 0:42 - 0:53 - McQueen’s Bustard 1:08 - 1:18 Calls. Recording 1: a pair. Chlamydotis macqueenii 4/68 0:00 - 0:18 Downy chicks calling. 4/81 0:00 - 0:20 Song of a male.

Coot Fulica atra Arabian Bustard Ardeotis arabs 4/69 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:35 - 0:46 - 1:04 - 1:18 - 4/82 0:00 - 0:29 Song of a male. (Intervals 1:25 - 1:40 - 1:48 Calls. Recording 1: noise of between song bouts artificially cut, naturally- running on the surface of water. lasting about half a minute each.) 4/70 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:36 - 0:55 - 1:16 Calling young. Great Bustard Otis tarda 4/83 0:00 - 0:25 - 1:06 Recording 1: a small American Coot Fulica americana group of males during courtship display; gular 4/71 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:29 - 0:39 - 0:58 Calls. pouch of displaying male is inflated or deflated, producing muffled, timpano-sounds. Recording Crested Coot Fulica cristata 2: calls of a male. 4/72 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:53 - 1:13 Calls. 4/84 0:00 - 0:25 Calls of juveniles. Recording 2: also sound of water.

OSTRICH Struthionidae CRANES Gruidae Ostrich Struthio camelus Crane Grus grus 4/85 0:00 - 0:30 Song of a male. 4/73 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:29 - 0:45 - 0:54 - 1:08 - 4/86 0:00 - 0:11 Calls of young, also bill- 1:29 - 2:02 Calls. Recording 6-7: large flocks clattering. over autumnal cornfields. Recording 7: trumpeting calls of the adults and chirrupping calls of almost half-year-old. THICK-KNEES Burhinidae 4/74 0:00 - 0:19 Calls of a ten-week-old young. Stone Curlew Burhinus oedicnemus 4/87 0:00 - 0:35 - 0:51 - 1:06 - 1:26 Song. Sandhill Crane Grus canadensis 4/88 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:37 - 0:47 Calls. 4/75 0:00 - 0:37 Calls of a flock: trumpeting of adults and chirrupping of older young. Senegal Thick-knee Burhinus senegalensis 4/89 0:00 - 0:21 Song. Siberian White Crane Grus leucogeranus 4/90 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:18 Calls. 4/76 0:00 - 0:39 Calls of a flock.

Demoiselle Crane Anthropoides virgo PRATINCOLES AND COURSERS 4/77 0:00 - 0:23 Calls of a small flock. Glareolinae

Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola BUSTARDS Otididae 4/91 0:00 - 0:30 - 0:54 - 1:06 Calls at a colony.

Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax 4/78 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:40 - 0:49 Recording 1: song of a male. Recording 2: song and wing beating. Recording 3: instrumental flight sound (seventh primary). 21

Black-winged Pratincole Kittlitz’s Plover Charadrius pecuarius Glareola nordmanni 5/10 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:34 Calls. 4/92 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:43 Calls. Recording 1: a single bird (calls of Collared Pratincole and Three-banded Plover Charadrius tricollaris Northern Lapwing in the background, among 5/11 0:00 - 0:29 Song during display-flight of a others). Recording 2: a flock foraging. pair.

Egyptian Plover Pluvianus aegyptius Snowy Plover Charadrius alexandrinus 4/93 0:00 - 0:08 - 0:14 Calls. Recording 1: two 5/12 0:00 - 0:24 Display-flight of a pair. birds chasing away each other. 5/13 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:30 - 0:43 Calls.

Cream-coloured Courser Cursorius cursor Lesser Sand Plover Charadrius mongolus 4/94 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:29 Calls. Recording 2: 5/14 0:00 - 0:16 Calls. flight-calls. Greater Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii 5/15 0:00 - 0:07 Calls.

Caspian Plover Charadrius asiaticus CD 5 [74:46 Minutes] 5/16 0:00 - 0:19 Calls.

Dotterel Charadrius morinellus AVOCETS AND STILTS 5/17 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:58 Recording 1: flight- Recurvirostrini song of a female. Recording 2: two females singing on the ground. Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta 5/18 0:00 - 0:09 Calls. 5/1 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:30 - 0:52 - 1:18 - 1:40 - 1:48 Calls. Recording 6: a pair calling during courtship American Golden Plover display. Pluvialis dominica 5/19 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:23 - 0:32 Calls. Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus Recording 1: a male. Recording 2: a female, 5/2 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:41 - 1:18 - 1:37 - 2:00 Calls followed by a small flock. of single birds and pairs. 5/3 0:00 - 0:11 Calls of an about half-year-old Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva juveniles. 5/20 0:00 - 0:30 Calls, and especially after 0:25 flight sounds of a small flock.

OYSTERCATCHERS Haematopodini European Golden Plover Pluvialis apricaria 5/21 0:00 - 0:26 Display-flight of a male. Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus 5/22 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:32 - 1:02 - 1:14 - 1:34 5/4 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:55 Piping-call of adults Recording 1: calls during springtime migration. during piping display. Recording 2: calls and flight sounds of a small 5/5 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:30 - 0:46 - 1:02 - 1:11 Calls. flock in winter. Afterwards calls at the breeding site. Recording 5: the hoarse ”drue-due...” of a female and the high “tliii” of her chicks. PLOVERS AND LAPWINGS Charadriinae Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola 5/23 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:35 Calls of migrating Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius flocks. 5/6 0:00 - 0:34 Song of a pair: male at the foreground. Spur-winged Plover Vanellus spinosus 5/7 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:35 - 0:50 - 1:04 Calls. 5/24 0:00 - 0:47 Song of a pair during flight- display. Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula 5/25 0:00 - 0:21 - 1:15 Calls. 5/8 0:00 - 0:42 Flightsong of a male. 5/9 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:31 - 0:57 - 1:22 Calls. Recording 2: calls of a flying flock. 22

Black-headed Plover Vanellus tectus Little Stint Calidris minuta 5/26 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:33 Calls of a pair. 5/39 0:00 - 0:41 - 1:14 Flight display and song Recording 2: during display-flight. of a male. Both tracks include as well calls and flight sound. Red-wattled Plover Vanellus indicus 5/40 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:32 Calls of resting birds on 5/27 0:00 - 0:34 Calls. their way to their winterquarters.

Sociable Plover Vanellus gregarius Temminck’s Stint Calidris temminckii 5/28 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:31 Calls. Recording 1: a 5/41 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:55 Flight song of a male. small flock in it’s winter quarters. Recording 2: a 5/42 0:00 - 0:05 Calls during autumnal female close to the nest. migration.

White-tailed Plover Vanellus leucurus Long-toed Stint Calidris subminuta 5/29 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:39 - 0:54 Calls at the nest 5/43 0:00 - 0:09 Calls. site. Recording 1: a single bird. Recording 2-3: both partners; chirrupping of a chick especially Least Sandpiper Calidris minutilla after 0:45. 5/44 0:00 - 0:36 Calls of a small flock.

Lapwing Vanellus vanellus White-rumped Sandpiper Calidris fuscicollis 5/30 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:43 Flight-display of a male, 5/45 0:00 - 0:11 Calls. alternating flight accompanied by wing- strumming sound. Recording 2: flight-display and Baird’s Sandpiper Calidris bairdii additional calls. 5/46 0:00 - 0:22 Calls. 5/31 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:25 - 0:49 - 1:04 Calls. Recording 4: wintering flock. Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos 5/47 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:16 Calls.

SANDPIPERS AND ALLIES Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea Tringinae 5/48 0:00 - 0:07 Flight song of a male. 5/49 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:33 Calls. Recording 1: Knot Calidris canutus during territorial pursuit. 5/32 0:00 - 0:35 Flight display of a male switching to calls changing over to calls. Purple Sandpiper Calidris maritima 5/33 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:30 - 0:44 Recording 1: 5/50 0:00 - 0:40 Flight song of a male. calls and flight sounds. Recording 2: flight calls 5/51 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:37 - 1:02 Calls. Recording of a flock. Recording 3: calls of a large flock while 1 and 2: during spring migration, later on close to feeding. First, calls and flight noise, in the second the nest. recording the calls of a troop during flight, in the third recording the calls of a large swarm Dunlin Calidris alpina searching for food. 5/52 0:00 - 0:44 - 1:09 Flight song of a male. 5/53 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:39 Recording 1: calls of a Sanderling Calidris alba small flock during spring migration. Recording 2: 5/34 0:00 - 0:11 Display flight of a male. a calling adult and "sii” calls of the young. 5/35 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:27 - 0:38 - 1:08 - 1:41 Recording 5: calls of a large flock in winter. Broad-billed Sandpiper Limicola falcinellus 5/54 0:00 - 0:47 Flight song of a male. Semipalmated Sandpiper Calidris pusilla 5/55 0:00 - 0:08 - 0:16 Calls. 5/36 0:00 - 0:25 Calls of a small flock feeding.

Western Sandpiper Calidris mauri 5/37 0:00 - 0:06 - 0:21 Calls.

Red-necked Stint Calidris ruficollis 5/38 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:14 Calls. 23

Ruff Philomachus pugnax Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus 5/56 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:19 - 0:50 - 1:19 Recording 5/70 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:37 Song. Recording 2: 1: calls of a small flock during autumnal alternating with calls. migration. Recording 2: calls of a male at the 5/71 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:36 - 1:14 - 1:21 Calls. arena. Recording 3: calls and flight soundof a female, followed by calls of a female and "psii”- Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola calls of her chicks. 5/72 0:00 - 0:38 - 1:01 Song during flight. Flight song. Short-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus griseus 5/73 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:33 Flight calls. Recording 5/57 0:00 - 0:08 Calls. 2: calls of a flock.

Long-billed Dowitcher Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus Limnodromus scolopaceus 5/74 0:00 - 0:20 Song. 5/58 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:27 Calls. 5/75 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:38 Calls.

Upland Sandpiper Bartramia longicauda Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos 5/59 0:00 - 0:22 Calls. 5/76 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:51 Song of a male. 5/77 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:40 Calls. Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus 5/60 0:00 - 0:47 - 0:58 - 1:07 Calls of flying Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia redshanks: from 0:17 to 0:28 mostly singing. 5/78 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:31 Calls.

Common Redshank Tringa totanus Willet Catoptrophorus semipalmatus 5/61 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:55 Flight song. 5/79 0:00 - 0:11 Calls. 5/62 0:00 - 0:30 - 0:41 - 0:54 - 1:20 - 1:35 - 1:53 Calls (in the background of Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres recording 4: calls of Northern Lapwings). 5/80 0:00 - 0:23 Song. 5/81 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:36 Calls. Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis 5/63 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:32 Song. Recording 2: Wilson’s Phalarope Phalaropus tricolor also calls. 5/82 0:00 - 0:10 Calls. 5/64 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:22 Calls. Recording 2: a starting flock. Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus 5/83 0:00 - 0:52 - 1:00 Song of small flocks on Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia the water. 5/65 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:31 Flight song. 5/84 0:00 - 0:11 Calls and flight sound. 5/66 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:26 - 0:42 Recording 1 and 2: flight calls, followed by calls during Grey Phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius wintertime. 5/85 0:00 - 0:17 Song of a troop in the water. 5/86 0:00 - 0:12 Calls. Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca 5/67 0:00 - 0:17 Calls. Little Whimbrel Numenius minutus 5/87 0:00 - 0:31 Calls. Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes 5/68 0:00 - 0:08 Calls. Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus 5/88 0:00 - 0:22 Song (in the background of Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria 0:09 to 0:13 a European Golden Plover). 5/69 0:00 - 0:25 Calls. 5/89 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:23 - 0:53 Calls.

Slender-billed Curlew Numenius tenuirostris 5/90 0:00 - 0:30 - 0:44 Calls. Recording 1: flight calls. 24

Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata Swinhoe’s Snipe Gallinago megala 5/91 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:30 - 0:39 Song. 6/9 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:19 Display flight with 5/92 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:35 - 0:58 - 1:24 - drumming produced by the outer tail feathers 1:35 - 1:45 Calls: at the background sometimes during dives and nasal, trilling songs. song. Recording 6: a migrating flock. 6/10 0:00 - 0:20 Flight song. 5/93 0:00 - 0:11 Calls of newly hatched chick. Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa 6/11 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:36 Flight song of a male. 5/94 0:00 - 0:38 - 0:53 - 1:16 Song. 6/12 0:00 - 0:26 Calls of a female, addressed 5/95 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:27 - 0:47 - 1:00 Calls. to her chicks when ready to hatch – these are Recording 1: also flight sound. softly answering from inside the eggs with ”psieh”-calls. Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica 5/96 0:00 - 0:29 Song. 5/97 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:25 Calls. PAINTED-SNIPE Rostratulidae

Greater Painted-Snipe Rostratula bengalensis 6/13 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:26 Song.

CD 6 [75:15 Minutes] JAEGERS AND SKUAS Stercorariini

SANDPIPERS AND ALLIES Pomarine Skua Stercorarius pomarinus Scolopacinae 6/14 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:48 Recording 1: calls of a pair at the breeding place. Recording 2: calls of a Jack Snipe Lymnocryptes minimus feeding autumnal migrant (calls of Black-headed 6/1 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:52 Flight song of a male. Gulls in the background). 6/2 0:00 - 0:14 Flight calls (song of a Common Snipe in the background). Parasitic Jaeger Stercorarius parasiticus Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago 6/15 0:00 - 0:45 - 0:58 - 1:19 Calls at the nest 6/3 0:00 - 0:33 Drumming flight of a male. place. Recording 1: a pair. When females arrive at the breeding ground 6/16 0:00 - 0:09 Calls of a chick at the nest. males perform flight displays with tail fanned and outermost feather on each side standing clear. Long-tailed Skua Stercorarius longicaudus These produce a drumming sound during the 6/17 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:43 Calls at the nest. dive when affected by wing movements. Recording 1: a pair. 6/4 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:36 - 1:07 Song. 6/5 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:28 - 0:48 Calls. Recording 1 Great Skua Stercorarius skua and 2: flight calls. Recording 3: a female and 6/18 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:31 - 1:03 Calls at the nest. "psi”-calls of her chicks. Recording 3: a pair, at 0:55 and 1:01 flight sound when attacking intruders. Great Snipe Gallinago media 6/6 0:00 - 0:34 - 1:12 Song of a male at the communal display ground. GULLS Larini

Pintail Snipe Gallinago stenura White-eyed Gull Larus leucophthalmus 6/7 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:14 Display flight with 6/19 0:00 - 0:26 Calls. drumming produced by the outer tail feathers during divesand nasal, trilling songs. Great Black-headed Gull Larus ichthyaetus 6/8 0:00 - 0:22 Song. 6/20 0:00 - 0:31 Calls within a colony. 25

Mediterranean Gull Larus melanocephalus Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus 6/21 0:00 - 0:32 - 0:55 - 1:12 - 1:26 Calls close 6/34 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:32 - 0:46 - 1:06 - 1:17 to the colony. Recording 2: also with calls of Calls. young. Herring Gull Larus argentatus Laughing Gull Larus atricilla 6/35 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:29 - 0:44 - 0:53 - 1:07 - 6/22 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:41 - 1:13 Calls. 1:33 - 2:14 - 2:38 Calls: at 0:48 in the fourth recording also "psii” of a juvenile. Recording 8: a Franklin’s Gull Larus pipixcan larger flock in the winter. 6/23 0:00 - 0:11- 0:17 Calls. Caspian Gull Larus cachinnans Little Gull Larus minutus 6/36 0:00 - 0:26 Calls at the nest. 6/24 0:00 - 0:29 - 0:57- 1:27 Recording 1: calls in a small colony. Recording 2: calls of a pair Mediterranean Yellow-legged Gull close to the nest (Black-headed Gulls in the Larus michahellis background), followed by a migrating flock in 6/37 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:36 - 0:55 - 1:54 - 2:27 summer. Calls: at 2:07 and 2:17. Recording 5: also "psii” of a downy chick. Sabine’s Gull Larus sabini 6/25 0:00 - 0:27 Calls. Armenian Gull Larus armenicus 6/38 0:00 - 0:53 Calls of a small flock. Bonaparte’s Gull Larus philadelphia 6/26 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:32 Calls. Recording 2: a Iceland Gull Larus glaucoides flock. 6/39 0:00 - 0:36 Calls of a small flock of immature birds. Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus 6/27 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:35 - 0:47 - 1:27 - 1:39 - Glaucous Gull Larus hyperboreus 1:54 - 2:05 - 2:28 - 2:51 - 3:05 Recording 1: 6/40 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:40 Calls. calls of a small flock in autumn. The following recordings were taken in the nesting area and Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus consist of calls of single birds and the noise of 6/41 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:35 - 1:02 - 1:16 Calls. colonies. 6/28 0:00 - 0:13 Calls of an about five-day-old Ross’ Gull Rhodostethia rosea chick. 6/42 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:18 - 0:28 Calls.

Grey-headed Gull Larus cirrocephalus Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla 6/29 0:00 - 0:29 Calls of a flying flock (calls of 6/43 0:00 - 0:18 - 1:04 - 1:22 - 1:42 - 1:54 Lesser Flamingos at the background). Calls in a colony.

Slender-billed Gull Larus genei Ivory Gull Pagophila eburnea 6/30 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:44 - 1:00 Calls at the 6/44 0:00 - 0:20 "krriä”-calls of a pair, and, breeding place. Recording 2 and 3: a colony (at more softly, the chirrupping calls of it’s downy the background of all three recordings calls of a chicks. Common Tern).

Audouin’s Gull Larus audouinii TERNS Sternini 6/31 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:31 - 1:01 - 1:39 Calls within a small colony. Gull-billed Tern Sterna nilotica 6/45 0:00 - 0:39 - 1:30 - 1:53 Calls in a colony. Ring-billed Gull Larus delawarensis 6/32 0:00 - 0:08 - 0:26 Calls. Caspian Tern Sterna caspia 6/46 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:49 - 1:15 Recording 1 and Common Gull Larus canus 2: calls within the nesting area. Recording 3: 6/33 0:00 - 0:32 - 0:54 - 1:01 - 1:08 Calls. "swii-i”-calls of an immature bird and "krah..”- Recording 1: a small flock. calls of an adult. 26

Royal Tern Sterna maxima Black Tern Chlidonias niger 6/47 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:49 Calls: first a migrating 6/60 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:56 Calls close to the flock. Recording 2: noise of a colony. colony. 6/61 0:00 - 0:21 Calls of newly hatched chicks. Lesser Crested Tern Sterna bengalensis At 0:10, 0:17 and 0:19 also calls of an adult. 6/48 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:29 Calls. White-winged Black Tern Sandwich Tern Sterna sandvicensis Chlidonias leucopterus 6/49 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:50 - 1:54 Calls at the nest. 6/62 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:42 Calls close to the Recording 3: a large colony. colony.

Roseate Tern Sterna dougallii Brown Noddy Anous stolidus 6/50 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:35 - 0:48 Calls within a 6/63 0:00 - 0:21 Calls. colony (calls of Common Terns in the background). SKIMMERS Rynchopini Common Tern Sterna hirundo 6/51 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:43 - 1:31 Calls: in the first African Skimmer Rynchops flavirostris two recordings at the breeding place, then while 6/64 0:00 - 0:34 Calls at the nest. searching for food. 6/52 0:00 - 0:36 Calls of almost three-week- old young on a nesting-raft, calls of adults in the AUKS, MURRES AND PUFFINS background. Alcinae

Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea Guillemot Uria aalge 6/53 0:00 - 0:43 - 1:20 - 1:59 - 2:31 Recording 6/65 0:00 - 0:49 - 1:29 Calls within the colony. 1 and 2: calls of a pair in the first two recordings; Recording 2: also "plii-ue” of young. at first the female, from 0:35 also the male. Recording 3 and 4: calls within colonies. Brünnich´s Guillemot Uria lomvia 6/66 0:00 - 0:31 Calls of a pairat the nest. Forster’s Tern Sterna forsteri 6/54 0:00 - 0:39 Calls. Razorbill Alca torda 6/67 0:00 - 0:58 - 1:35 Calls within the colony. Bridled Tern Sterna anaethetus Recording 1: additional flight sounds. Recording 6/55 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:43 Calls at the nest (at the 2: besides rasping ”arrr”of the adults the background of Recording 2: calls of Sooty Terns). chirrupping of juveniles. (at the background of Recording 2: also calls of Northern Gannets). Sooty Tern Sterna fuscata 6/56 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:44 Calls. Black Guillemot Cepphus grylle 6/68 0:00 - 0:39 - 1:15 - 1:35 - 1:53 Calls Little Tern Sterna albifrons (calls of Gulls at the background, among others). 6/57 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:37 - 0:52 - 1:13 Calls close to the colony. Little Auk Alle alle 6/69 0:00 - 0:34 Calls within a colony. Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybridus 6/70 0:00 - 0:24 Calls of a juvenile at the nest. 6/58 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:57 - 1:18 - 1:47 Calls close to the colony. Crested Auklet Aethia cristatella 6/59 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:37 Recording 1: calls of 6/71 0:00 - 0:13 Calls. fully-fledged young in mid-summer, followed by calls of a few day-old nestlings, calls Parakeet Auklet Cyclorrhynchus psittacula of the adults at the background. 6/72 0:00 - 0:27 Calls. 27

Puffin Fratercula arctica 7/9 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:47 - 0:56 First calls of a 6/73 0:00 - 0:37 - 0:53 - 1:14 Calls at the nest. juvenile who has already left the nest. Recording Recording 3: also calls of nestlings. 2: calls of a large nestling, followed by calls and bill-snapping of an additional nestling.

Brown Fish Owl Ketupa zeylonensis 7/10 0:00 - 0:29 Song. CD 7 [68:32 Minutes] Snowy Owl Nyctea scandiaca 7/11 0:00 - 0:08 Song of a male. BARN-OWLS Tytonidae 7/12 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:27 - 0:54 - 1:13 Recording 1: calls of a pair close to the nest, the male in the Barn Owl Tyto alba foreground. Recording 2: calls of the female 7/1 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:42 - 0:58 - 1:23 Song of the close to the nest, the male calling at some male. Recording 1: and 2 song during flight. distance. Recording 3 and 4: calls and bill- Recording 3 and 4: while sitting. Calls of the snapping at the nest. Recording 3: a pair. female in the background of recording 2 and 4. 7/13 0:00 - 0:33 Calls of nestlings. 7/2 0:00 - 0:08 - 0:19 Recording 2: a female at the nest; the snorring sound is made by the Hawk Owl Surnia ulula young. 7/14 0:00 - 0:28 - 1:07 Song of a male. 7/3 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:41 - 1:03 - 1:45 Recording 1 7/15 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:45 Calls. to 3: calls of large nestlings. Following this, calls and bill-snapping of different-sized nestlings of a Pygmy Owl Glaucidium passerinum brood: trilling sounds are typical for 7/16 0:00 - 0:43 - 0:58 - 1:11 - 1:27 Recording smaller, snorring for larger juveniles. 1: song of a male. Recording 2: courtship duetting of a pair, the female is heard in the background. Recording 3 and 4: autumnal "scale-song” of both partners. TYPICAL OWLS Strigidae 7/17 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:51 Calls. Recording 2: a female. Scops Owl Otus scops 7/18 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:41 Recording 1: calls of a 7/4 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:50 - 1:13 - 1:25 - 1:47 fledged juvenile, followed by calls of young in the Recording 1-3: song of the male (crickets at nesting hole. the background). Recording 4: duet of a pair: the female being somewhat higher. Recording 5: Little Owl Athene noctua song of a female. 7/19 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:46 - 1:09 Song of a male 7/5 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:36 Recording 1: calls of a (calls of Alpine Swifts at the background of female. Recording 2: bill-snapping of a female at recording 2). the nest; song of the male at the background. 7/20 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:31 - 0:55 - 1:08 - 1:21 7/6 0:00 - 0:17 Calls of a larger young close to Calls. An adult in the background of recording 1 the nest. and 2. 7/21 0:00 - 0:43 - 0:55 Calls of young owls at Eagle Owl Bubo bubo the nesting hole. 7/7 0:00 - 0:57 - 1:35 Recording 1: song of a male, from 0:28 to 0:35 accompanied by a female. Recording 2: alternating duet of a pair, the male somewhat lower than the female. 7/8 0:00 - 0:13 Calls of a female. 28

Tawny Owl Strix aluco 7/35 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:32 - 0:45 - 0:52 Calls. 7/22 0:00 - 0:32 - 1:10 - 1:49 - 2:07 Recording Recording 3 and 4: display flight of the male with 1: song of a male, followed by song of two calls and wing-clapping. The wings are males, and "kuwit”-calls of a female. Recording occasionally clapped below the body. 3: calls of a female and a singing male. 7/36 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:54 Recording 1: calls of an Recording 4: wavering song of a male (song of a already fledged young. Recording 2: calls of large Common Nightingale at the background). nestlings. 7/23 0:00 - 0:26 - 1:26 Sounds of the northwest african subspecies Strix aluco Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus mauritanica. Recording 1: song of a male. 7/37 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:36 Song of a male during Recording 2: calls and song of a pair. flight: the hissing calls of a female at the 7/24 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:42 Calls of the female. The background of recording 1. second recording was taken at the nest. 7/38 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:52 - 1:00 Recording 1 and 7/25 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:20 Calls of the subspecies 2: calls of a female. At the background recording Strix aluco mauritanica: first a male then a female 2: wing clapping and barking calls of a flying at the second recording. male. Recording 3: flight calls of an adult owl. 7/26 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:35 - 0:55 - 1:10 Recording 7/39 0:00 - 0:44 - 1:02 Recording 1: calls and 1 and 2: calls of large juveniles in autumn bill snapping of juveniles close to the nest, calls (crickets at the background). Recording 3: calls of a female in the background. Recording 2: calls of a nearly fledged juvenile. Recording 4: calls of of nestlings. a nestling. Marsh Owl Asio capensis Hume’s Owl Strix butleri 7/40 0:00 - 0:16 Song of a male. 7/27 0:00 - 0:43 Song of a male. 7/41 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:38 Calls.

Ural Owl Strix uralensis Boreal Owl Aegolius funereus 7/28 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:43 - 1:10 Recording 1 and 7/42 0:00 - 0:55 - 1:31 - 1:56 Song of a male. 2: song of the male. Recording 3: song of a 7/43 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:44 - 1:02 - 1:21 - 1:30 female. Recording 1: calls uttered by the male when 7/29 0:00 - 0:13 Calls. arriving with food and luring the breeding female 7/30 0:00 - 0:45 Calls of small nestlings. from the nest to pass the prey. Recording 2: calls changing into song at the end of the recording. Great Grey Owl Strix nebulosa Recording 3 to 5: calls of several adults. 7/31 0:00 - 0:32 - 1:03 - 1:24 Song of the 7/44 0:00 - 0:40 - 0:54 - 1:22 Recording 1: male. calls of fledged young,. Recording 2: calls of an 7/32 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:36 First calls of a pair at older nestling. Recording 3: calls of younger the nest. The lower calls after 0:06 uttered by the nestlings. male. Recording 2: bill-snapping of a female at the nest. 7/33 0:00 - 0:21 Calls of a large nestling. NIGHTJARS AND NIGHTHAWKS Chordeilidae Long-eared Owl Asio otus 7/34 0:00 - 0:35 - 1:07 - 1:44 - 2:14 - Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor 2:38 - 3:02 Recording 1: song of a male. 7/45 0:00 - 0:31 Song of a male. Recording 2: two singing males. Recording 3: duet of a pair; the voice of the female is higher. Recording 4: song of a male after disturbance while breeding. Recording 5 and 6: song of a female. 29

NIGHTJARS AND ALLIES Laurel Pigeon Columba junoniae Caprimulgidae 7/60 0:00 - 0:41 Song of a male.

Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus African Collared-Dove 7/46 0:00 - 0:36 - 0:56 - 1:15 - 1:44 - 1:59 Streptopelia roseogrisea Song of a male. Recording 4: courtship flight with 7/61 0:00 - 0:26 Song of a male. wing-clapping. Recording 5: song of a male 7/62 0:00 - 0:11 Calls. Song of a male in the uttered from the ground during daytime. background and at 0:03 flight sound. 7/47 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:24 - 0:53 Recording 1 and 2: flight call of adult birds. Recording 3: "wak”- Collared-Dove Streptopelia decaocto calls of a female and cheeping calls of a small 7/63 0:00 - 0:22 Song of a male. nestling. 7/64 0:00 - 0:35 - 0:50 - 1:07 - 1:21 Recording 1: calls, ending with takeoff. Recording 2-4: 7/48 0:00 - 0:10 Defence calls of large nestlings. calls of two birds as well as flight sounds and wing-clapping. Red-necked Nightjar Caprimulgus ruficollis 7/49 0:00 - 0:48 - 1:15 - 1:31 Recording 1 and Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur 2: song of a male. Recording 3: song of a female. 7/65 0:00 - 0:37 - 0:50 Song of a male.

Egyptian Nightjar Rufous Turtle Dove Streptopelia orientalis 0:00 - 0:12 Song of a male. Caprimulgus aegyptius 7/66 7/50 0:00 - 1:11 Song of a male. Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis 7/67 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:39 Song of a male. PIGEONS AND DOVES Columbidae Namaqua Dove Oena capensis 0:00 - 0:20 Song of a male (song of a Rock Dove Columba livia 7/68 Mourning Collared Dove at the background). 7/51 0:00 - 0:54 Calls and flightsound, from 0:44 song of a male.

Feral Pigeon Columba livia f. domestica 7/52 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:44 Songs of males. Recording 2: also wing clapping and calls. CD 8 [61:14 Minutes] 7/53 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:31 - 0:57 - 1:19 - 1:26 - 1:35 Recording 1 to 4: calls, nestlings at the background of the third recording. Recording PARASITIC CUCKOOS Cuculidae 5 and 6: display flight with wing clapping. 7/54 0:00 - 0:44 Calls of an about two-week- Jacobin-Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus old nestlings. 8/1 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:16 Song.

Stock Dove Columba oenas Great Spotted Cuckoo Clamator glandarius 0:00 - 0:14 Song of a male. 7/55 0:00 - 0:47 Song of a male. 8/2 0:00 - 0:46 - 0:59 - 1:12 Calls. Recording 7/56 0:00 - 0:14 Calls of a pair in a nesting 8/3 hole. 3: a pair calling.

Woodpigeon Columba palumbus Senegal Coucal Centropus senegalensis 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:30 Song. Recording 2: the 7/57 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:46 Song of a male. 8/4 alternating duet of a pair, the female at the fore- 7/58 0:00 - 0:15 Calls. and the male at the background. 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:23 Calls. Bolle’s Pigeon Columba bollii 8/5 7/59 0:00 - 0:30 Song of a male. 30

Didric Cuckoo Chrysococcyx caprius BEE-EATERS Meropidae 8/6 0:00 - 0:16 Song of a male. 8/7 0:00 - 0:06 - 0:22 Calls. Recording 2: flight Little Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis calls of two adult birds. 8/22 0:00 - 0:19 Calls.

Cuckoo Cuculus canorus Blue-cheeked Bee-eater Merops persicus 8/8 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:48 - 0:56 - 1:04 - 1:11 Song 8/23 0:00 - 0:47 Calls close to a small colony. of a male. 8/9 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:23 - 0:32 Recording 1: calls Bee-eater Merops apiaster of a male. Recording 2 and 3: bubbling call of the 8/24 0:00 - 0:31 - 0:45 - 1:07 Calls close to the female and song of the male. colony. 8/10 0:00 - 0:22 Calls of a seventeen-day-old juvenile in the nest of a European Reed Warbler. FOREST KINGFISHERS Oriental Cuckoo Cuculus saturatus Halcyonidae 8/11 0:00 - 0:26 Song of a male. White-breasted Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis NON-PARASITIC CUCKOOS 8/25 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:39 Song of a male. In Coccycidae recording 2 very excited. 8/26 0:00 - 0:08 Calls. Black-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus erythrophthalmus Grey-headed Kingfisher Halcyon leucocephala 8/12 0:00 - 0:20 Song. 8/27 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:22 Calls. Recording 2: 8/13 0:00 - 0:12 Calls. duet of a pair.

Yellow-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus americanus 8/14 0:00 - 0:21 Song. SMALL KINGFISHERS Alcedinidae

Kingfisher Alcedo atthis HOOPOES Upupidae 8/28 0:00 - 0:12 Song of a male. 8/29 0:00 - 0:28 Calls. Hoopoe Upupa epops 8/30 0:00 - 0:23 Calls of juveniles in the 8/15 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:32 Song of a male. nesthole. 8/16 0:00 - 0:11 Calls. 8/17 0:00 - 0:10 Calls of nestlings. PIED KINGFISHERS Cerylidae

ROLLERS Coraciidae Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis 8/31 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:57 Calls. Roller Coracias garrulus 8/18 0:00 - 0:43 - 0:55 Calls of a flying pair. Belted Kingfisher Ceryle alcyon 8/19 0:00 - 0:08 - 0:17 - 0:30 Calls of 8/32 0:00 - 0:33 Calls. nestlings. Recording 3: additional ”rak”- and ”rrae”-calls of the adults. SWIFTS Apodidae Abyssinian Roller Coracias abyssinicus 8/20 0:00 - 0:21 Calls. Needle-tailed Swift Hirundapus caudacutus 8/33 0:00 - 0:16 Calls. Broad-billed Roller Eurystomus glaucurus 8/21 0:00 - 0:24 Calls of two flying adults. 31

Swift Apus apus Little Swift Apus affinis 8/34 0:00 - 0:27 - 0:54 Flight calls. Recording 8/41 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:47 Calls of flocks in flight. 1: a small flock. 8/35 0:00 - 2:15 Screaming display in a Palm-Swift Cypsiurus parvus colony: at the morning and evening non-breeders 8/42 0:00 - 0:19 Flight calls of a small flock. initiate communal screaming displays dashing towards the colony or nest boxes giving variants of screaming call. Birds on the nest often MOUSEBIRDS Coliidae respond with the same call and leave the nest to join the display. Swifts are non-explorative in Blue-naped Mousebird Urocolius macrourus finding new nest sites; nest boxes are therefore 8/43 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:31 - 0:44 Calls. Recording rarely discovered. Many years of investigation 3: a small flock. show that swifts may be attracted for settling, if screaming calls are played back from a sound device. The best time to do this is between 6 and PARROTS, MACAWS AND ALLIES 8 o’clock in the morning and 20 and 21:30 Psittacidae o’clock in the evening during good weather conditions. The loudspeaker should be attached Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri to or inside the nest box. The best season is the 8/44 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:38 - 0:50 - 0:58 Calls. beginning of May to the beginning of June, but Recording 2: a small flock. also later – until the end of July. Prospectors may remember the localities until next breeding season! The recording on this CD should be WOODPECKERS AND ALLIES played continuesly with maximum volume (don’t Picidae go to maximum volume with old loudspeakers, to avoid overload). This soundrecording is Wryneck Jynx torquilla especially useful to settle swifts and has been 8/45 0:00 - 0:54 - 1:32 Recording 1: song of a tested very successfully. More information may male. Recording 2: duetting pair. be obtained from the Edition AMPLE CD “How 8/46 0:00 - 0:38 Calls of an large nestling. to Attract Swifts Using Response Calls”, which includes exact instructions in the English, Dutch, Northern Flicker Colaptes auratus French and German. 8/47 0:00 - 0:14 Song. 8/36 0:00 - 0:29 Calls of large nestlings. 8/48 0:00 - 0:12 Calls.

Pallid Swift Apus pallidus Grey-headed Woodpecker Picus canus 8/37 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:51 Flight calls. A flock in 8/49 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:23 - 0:28 - 0:34 - 0:38 recording 2. Drumming of a male. (Recording 1: the gaps between the first three bursts are shortened here: Pacfic Swift Apus pacificus the average gap between two bursts of 8/38 0:00 - 0:29 Flight calls. drumming is normally more than half a minute.) 8/50 0:00 - 0:41 - 0:55 Song. Alpine Swift Apus melba 8/51 0:00 - 0:07 Calls. 8/39 0:00 - 0:42 - 1:02 - 1:18 Flight calls of 8/52 0:00 - 0:08 Calls of nestlings. small flocks. Green Woodpecker Picus viridis White-rumped Swift Apus caffer 8/53 0:00 - 0:43 - 0:53 - 1:11 Song. (Recording 8/40 0:00 - 0:37 - 1:00 Recording 1: flight 2 and 3: the gaps between the song bouts are calls. Recording 2: calls within a small colony. shortened.) 8/54 0:00 - 0:08 - 0:18 - 0:27 Flight calls. 8/55 0:00 - 0:08 Calls of juveniles in the nesthole. 32

Iberian Green Woodpecker Picus sharpei White-backed Woodpecker Picoides leucotos 8/56 0:00 - 0:09 Song. 8/75 0:00 - 0:29 Drumming. 8/76 0:00 - 0:45 Calls. Levaillant’s Green Woodpecker Picus vaillantii 8/77 0:00 - 0:09 Calls of nestlings. 8/57 0:00 - 0:14 Drumming. 8/58 0:00 - 0:17 Song. Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Picoides minor 8/59 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:47 - 1:01 Calls. Recording 8/78 0:00 - 1:05 - 1:44 Drumming. (The gaps 1 and 2: flight calls. between the bursts of the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker are very short: 14-19 bursts per Black Woodpecker Dryocopus martius minute may be heard). 8/60 0:00 - 0:42 - 1:10 - 1:27 Drumming. 8/79 0:00 - 0:06 - 0:14 - 0:18 Song. Gaps (Recording 2 and 3: the gaps between the three between two song bouts are very long in this bursts are shortened. Usually, only one to three species (two or more minutes.) maximum four bursts per minute may be heard 8/80 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:30 Calls. in Central Europe, compared to up to seven 8/81 0:00 - 0:29 Calls of nestlings. bursts per minute in Northern Europe.) 8/61 0:00 - 0:25 Song. Three-toed Woodpecker Picoides tridactylus 8/62 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:46 - 0:56 - 1:15 - 1:36 - 8/82 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:49 Drumming. 1:53 Calls. Recording 1 to 4: flight calls. 8/83 0:00 - 0:16 Calls. Recording 3 and 4: also flight sounds. 8/84 0:00 - 0:17 Calls of nestlings. 8/63 0:00 - 0:32 - 0:55 Calls of large nestlings.

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius 8/64 0:00 - 0:33 Drumming. 8/65 0:00 - 0:08 Calls. CD 9 [73:39 Minutes]

Great Spotted Woodpecker Picoides major LARKS Alaudidae 8/66 0:00 - 0:32 - 0:53 - 1:04 - 1:20 - 1:28 Drumming. (Recording 2-5: the gaps between the Black-crowned Finch Lark bursts are shortened: generally, five to eight Eremopterix nigriceps bursts per minute are heard.) 9/1 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:30 Flight song of a male. 8/67 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:22 - 0:40 - 0:50 - 0:56 - Recording 1: fluttering sound. 1:06 - 1:17 Calls. Nestlings at the background 9/2 0:00 - 0:11 Calls. of recording 2 and 3. 8/68 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:43 - 1:05 Calls of large Kordofan Bush Lark Mirafra cordofanica nestlings. 9/3 0:00 - 0:48 Song of a male.

Syrian Woodpecker Picoides syriacus Dunn’s Lark Eremalauda dunni 8/69 0:00 - 0:26 Drumming. (The gaps 9/4 0:00 - 0:26 Song of a male. between the five bursts are shortened: generally, 9/5 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:27 Calls. five or six bursts are heard per minute.) 8/70 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:26 - 0:53 - 1:10 Calls. Bar-tailed Lark Ammomanes cincturus 9/6 0:00 - 0:23 - 1:09 - 1:37 Song of a male. Middle Spotted Woodpecker Picoides medius Recording 1 and 2: Song-flight. 8/71 0:00 - 0:10 Drumming. 9/7 0:00 - 0:31 - 0:50 - 1:00 Calls. 8/72 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:32 - 0:43 - 0:58 Song. At the end of recording 4 alternating with calls. Desert Lark Ammomanes deserti 8/73 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:38 Calls. 9/8 0:00 - 1:07 - 1:49 Flight song of a male. 8/74 0:00 - 0:10 Calls of nestlings. (Recording 1: from Northwest Africa. Recording 2: from the Middle East.) 9/9 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:22 Calls. Recording 2: a small, flying flock. 33

Hoopoe Lark Alaemon alaudipes Woodlark Lullula arborea 9/10 0:00 - 1:17 Song of a male. 9/30 0:00 - 0:44 - 1:20 Song of a male. 9/11 0:00 - 0:16 Calls. 9/31 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:18 - 0:22 Calls.

Dupont’s Lark Chersophilus duponti Small Skylark Alauda gulgula 9/12 0:00 - 0:33 - 1:07 - 1:46 Song of a male. 9/32 0:00 - 0:16 Calls.

Thick-billed Lark Ramphocoris clotbey Skylark Alauda arvensis 9/13 0:00 - 0:26 Song-flight of a male. 9/33 0:00 - 0:31 - 0:52 - 1:10 Song of a male. 9/14 0:00 - 0:59 Calls of a flying male, Recording 1 and 2: song-flight. interrupted by song from 0:09 to 0:14. 9/34 0:00 - 0:07 Flight calls.

Calandra Lark Melanocorypha calandra Razo Lark Alauda razae 9/15 0:00 - 0:48 Song-flight of a male. 9/35 0:00 - 0:16 Song-flight of a male. 9/16 0:00 - 0:10 Flight calls. 9/36 0:00 - 0:08 Calls.

Bimaculated Lark Shore Lark Eremophila alpestris Melanocorypha bimaculata 9/37 0:00 - 0:31 - 1:39 Song of the male. 9/17 0:00 - 1:22 Song-flight of a male. 9/38 0:00 - 0:13 Flight calls.

White-winged Lark Melanocorypha leucoptera Temminck’s Horned Lark Eremophila bilopha 9/18 0:00 - 0:31 Song-flight of a male. 9/39 0:00 - 0:35 - 1:00 Song of a male. 9/19 0:00 - 0:07 Calls. 9/40 0:00 - 0:07 Calls.

Black Lark Melanocorypha yeltoniensis 9/20 0:00 - 0:28 Song-flight of a male. WAGTAILS AND PIPITS Motacillinae 9/21 0:00 - 0:07 Calls. Richard’s Pipit Anthus richardi Short-toed Lark Calandrella brachydactyla 9/41 0:00 - 0:19 Song-flight of a male. 9/22 0:00 - 1:03 Song-flight of a male. 9/42 0:00 - 0:09 Flight calls. 9/23 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:21 Calls. Blyth’s Pipit Anthus godlewskii Lesser Short-toed Lark Calandrella rufescens 9/43 0:00 - 0:25 Song-flight of two males. 9/24 0:00 - 0:57 - 1:28 Song-flight of the male. 9/44 0:00 - 0:08 Calls. 9/25 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:32 Flight calls. Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris Crested Lark Galerida cristata 9/45 0:00 - 0:27 - 0:39 - 0:58 - 1:20 - 1:37 - 9/26 0:00 - 0:36 - 1:10 - 1:45 - 2:22 Song of a 1:55 - 2:07 - 2:22 Song of a male. male. 9/46 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:30 Flight calls. 9/27 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:28 - 0:36 Calls. Berthelot’s Pipit Anthus berthelotii Thekla Lark Galerida theklae 9/47 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:22 Song-flight of the male. 9/28 0:00 - 1:05 Song of a male. 9/48 0:00 - 0:12 Flight calls. 9/29 0:00 - 0:15 Calls. Long-billed Pipit Anthus similis 9/49 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:40 Song of a male. 9/50 0:00 - 0:09 Calls. 34

Olive-backed Pipit Anthus hodgsoni Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea 9/51 0:00 - 0:54 - 1:30 Song-flight of a male. 9/68 0:00 - 0:27 - 0:33 Song of a male. 9/52 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:20 Calls. Flight calls at the Recording 2: with twittering phrase. second recording. 9/69 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:36 - 0:45 Calls.

Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis White Wagtail Motacilla alba 9/53 0:00 - 0:30 - 0:53 Song of the male. 9/70 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:27 - 0:36 Song of the Recording 1: song-flight. male. Recording 1: with twittering. 9/54 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:38 - 1:09 - 1:17 Calls. 9/71 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:16 Calls. Recording 1: Flight calls at the fourth recording. flight calls.

Pechora Pipit Anthus gustavi African Pied-Wagtail Motacilla aguimp 9/55 0:00 - 0:34 Flight song of a male. 9/72 0:00 - 0:16 Song of a male. 9/73 0:00 - 0:21 Calls. Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis 9/56 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:51 - 1:23 - 1:36 - 1:54 Song of a male, partially during flight. SWALLOWS Hirundinidae 9/57 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:26 - 0:34 - 0:40 Calls. Recording 1: flight calls of a small flock during Brown-throated Sand Martin autumnal migration. Riparia paludicola 9/74 0:00 - 0:12 Flight song. Red-throated Pipit Anthus cervinus 9/75 0:00 - 0:17 Flight calls. 9/58 0:00 - 0:54 Song-flight of a male. 9/59 0:00 - 0:33 - 0:45 Recording 1: calls of a Sand Martin Riparia riparia pair close to the nest. Recording 2: calls of a 9/76 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:30 - 0:43 Song. Flight male developing into song. song in recording 1 and 3. 9/77 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:32 - 0:43 - 1:01 Calls from Rock Pipit Anthus petrosus different-sized colonies. 9/60 0:00 - 0:24 - 1:03 - 1:15 Song of a male. (Recording 2: song of a Sky Lark at the Banded Martin Riparia cincta background among others). 9/78 0:00 - 0:27 Flight song. 9/61 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:33 - 0:46 Calls. 9/79 0:00 - 0:09 Calls.

Water Pipit Anthus spinoletta African Rock Martin Ptyonoprogne fuligula 9/62 0:00 - 1:11 Song-flight of a male. 9/80 0:00 - 0:35 Song. 9/63 0:00 - 0:32 Calls. 9/81 0:00 - 0:09 Flight calls.

Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava Crag-Martin Ptyonoprogne rupestris 9/64 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:39 Song of a male. 9/82 0:00 - 0:16 Flight song. 9/65 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:21 Calls. 9/83 0:00 - 1:03 Flight calls.

Citrine Wagtail Motacilla citreola Swallow Hirundo rustica 9/66 0:00 - 0:31 Song of a male. 9/84 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:38 - 0:57 Song of a male. 9/67 0:00 - 0:13 Calls. 9/85 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:28 - 0:36 - 0:51 - 0:58 - 1:08 Calls.

Ethiopian Swallow Hirundo aethiopica 9/86 0:00 - 0:11 Flight song. 9/87 0:00 - 0:14 Flight calls.

Wire-tailed Swallow Hirundo smithii 9/88 0:00 - 0:16 Song. 9/89 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:19 - 0:27 Calls. 35

Red-rumped Swallow Hirundo daurica ACCENTORS Prunellinae 9/90 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:43 - 1:00 Song of a male. 9/91 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:37 - 0:47 - 0:55 Calls. Dunnock Prunella modularis Recording 1: alternating with song. 10/12 0:00 - 0:59 - 1:33 - 1:50 Song of a male. Recording 1: sound of birds taking flight from House Martin Delichon urbica 0:54. 9/92 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:42 - 1:01 Song of a male. 10/13 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:22 - 0:29 - 0:36 Calls. 9/93 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:22 - 0:32 - 0:40 Calls. Siberian Accentor Prunella montanella 10/14 0:00 - 0:44 Song of a male (calls of a Naumann´s Trush at the background).

CD 10 [65:43 Minutes] Black-throated Accentor Prunella atrogularis 10/15 0:00 - 0:41 - 1:18 Song of a male. BULBULS Pycnonotidae Alpine Accentor Prunella collaris Yellow-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus xanthopygos 10/16 0:00 - 0:32 - 0:46 Song of a male. 10/1 0:00 - 0:43 - 1:26 Recording 1: two 10/17 0:00 - 0:27 - 0:40 Calls. singing males. Recording 2: a small flock, calls 10/18 0:00 - 0:09 Calls of large nestlings: following song. also calls of an adult at 0:07. 10/2 0:00 - 0:33 - 0:58 Calls. Recording 2: a small flock. STARLINGS Sturnini Common Bulbul Pycnonotus barbatus 10/3 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:27 - 1:42 Recording 1 to 3: Tristram’s Grackle Onychognathus tristramii two singing males. Calls from 0:34 to 0:41. 10/19 0:00 - 0:29 - 0:58 - 1:28 - 1:46 Calls. 10/4 0:00 - 0:16 Calls of a small flock. Recording 2: from 0:53 also flight sound (calls of a Gecko at the background at 0:37, 0:40 and 0:49). Recording 3: a flock flying. WAXWINGS Bombycillidae Starling Sturnus vulgaris Waxwing Bombycilla garrulus 10/20 0:00 - 0:31 - 1:04 - 1:28 - 2:17 - 10/5 0:00 - 0:35 Song of a male. 2:34 - 2:47 Recording 1 to 4: song of a maIe. 10/6 0:00 - 0:19 Calls of a flock in winter. Recording 5 and 6: winter chorus. 10/21 0:00 - 0:08 - 0:16 Calls. 10/22 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:22 - 0:41 Recording 1 DIPPERS Cinclidae and 2: flocks of calling immature starlings. Recording 3: calls of large nestlings. Recording 4: Dipper Cinclus cinclus calls of one adult at the background. 10/7 0:00 - 1:16 Song. 10/8 0:00 - 0:05 - 0:11 Flight calls. Spotless Starling Sturnus unicolor 10/23 0:00 - 0:37 - 0:57 Song of a male. 10/24 0:00 - 0:29 - 0:38 Calls. WRENS Troglodytinae 10/25 0:00 - 0:11 Calls of nestlings (Sparrows at the background). Wren Troglodytes troglodytes 10/9 0:00 - 0:49 - 1:20 - 1:38 Song of a male. 10/10 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:35 Calls. 10/11 0:00 - 0:16 Calls of about one-week-old nestlings. 36

Rose-coloured Starling Sturnus roseus Gray-cheeked Thrush Catharus minimus 10/26 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:42 Calls close to the 10/43 0:00 - 0:38 Song of a male. colony. Recording 2: from nests inside a stable. Bicknell’s Thrush Catharus bicknelli Common Myna Acridotheres tristis 10/44 0:00 - 0:07 Calls. 10/27 0:00 - 1:00 A singing flock. Veery Catharus fuscescens 10/45 0:00 - 0:32 Song of a male. MOCKINGBIRDS AND THRASHERS Mimini Tickell’s Thrush Turdus unicolor 10/46 0:00 - 0:38 Song of a male. Brown Thrasher Toxostoma rufum 10/47 0:00 - 0:13 Calls. 10/28 0:00 - 0:30 Song. 10/29 0:00 - 0:08 Calls. Ring Ouzel Turdus torquatus 10/48 0:00 - 0:33 - 1:13 - 1:53 Song of a male. Grey Catbird Dumetella carolinensis 10/49 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:26 Calls. 10/30 0:00 - 0:40 Song. 10/31 0:00 - 0:20 Calls. Blackbird Turdus merula 10/50 0:00 - 0:50 - 1:30 - 1:39 Song of a male. Recording 3: countersinging of matching males. THUSHES AND ALLIES Turdinae 10/51 0:00 - 0:36 - 0:46 Song of a male of Turdus merula mauritanicus from NW-Africa (calls Rock-Thrush Monticola saxatilis of a Chaffinch in the background of recording 1, 10/32 0:00 - 0:30 - 1:05 - 1:27 Song of a male. among others). Recording 3: flight-song. 10/52 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:22 - 0:38 - 0:58 - 1:13 - 10/33 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:36 Calls. Recording from 1:24 - 1:36 Calls. 0:19 sounds of take off. 10/53 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:25 Calls of the Turdus merula mauritanicus. Blue Rock-Thrush Monticola solitarius 10/54 0:00 - 0:33 Calls of a fledgling. Calls of 10/34 0:00 - 0:40 - 0:55 - 1:10 Song of a male: adults at the background, among others. Recording 3: flight-song. 10/35 0:00 - 0:08 - 0:27 - 0:43 Calls. Eyebrowed Thrush Turdus obscurus 10/55 0:00 - 0:35 Song of a male. White´s Thrush Zoothera dauma 10/56 0:00 - 0:18 Calls. 10/36 0:00 - 0:48 Song. Naumann’s Thrush Turdus naumanni Siberian Thrush Zoothera sibirica Turdus naumannii and T. eunomus are forming a 10/37 0:00 - 0:36 Song of a male. superspecies and some authors will list both species under T. naumannii. Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina 10/57 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:32 Song of a male. 10/38 0:00 - 0:33 Song of a male. 10/58 0:00 - 0:07 Calls. 10/39 0:00 - 0:06 Calls. Dusky Thrush Turdus eunomus Hermit Thrush Catharus guttatus Turdus naumannii and T. eunomus are forming a 10/40 0:00 - 0:37 Song of a male. superspecies and some authors will list both species under T. naumannii. Swainson’s Thrush Catharus ustulatus 10/59 0:00 - 0:34 Song of a male. 10/41 0:00 - 0:36 Song of a male. 10/60 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:31 - 1:00 Calls. 10/42 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:15 Calls. 37

Black-throated Thrush Turdus atrogularis Robin Erithacus rubecula Red-throated Thrush Turdus ruficollis 11/3 0:00 - 0:37 - 1:19 - 2:03 Song of a male. Both species are forming a superspecies Turdus Recording 3: song when fighting. ruficollis ruficollis/atrogularis and though song of 11/4 0:00 - 0:32 Song of a male of Erithacus both is clearly different some authors will list rubecula superbus, the subspecies of Gran them under T. ruficollis. Black-throated Trush Canaria and Teneriffa. Turdus atrogularis is heard in this case. 11/5 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:26 - 0:35 Calls. Black-throated Thrushes are heard here. 10/61 0:00 - 0:39 Song of a male. Thrush Nightingale Luscinia luscinia 10/62 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:26 Calls. 11/6 0:00 - 0:30 - 1:13 - 1:57 Song of a male. 11/7 0:00 - 0:08 Calls. Fieldfare Turdus pilaris 10/63 0:00 - 0:29 - 0:46 Recording 1: flight Common Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos song of a male. Recording 2: chorus and several 11/8 0:00 - 0:58 - 1:38 - 2:17 - 3:01 - 3:39 calls of resting fieldfares in winter. Song of a male. Especially recording 3: two 10/64 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:24 - 0:33 - 0:42 Calls. males are singing. 11/9 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:25 - 0:32 Calls. Song Thrush Turdus philomelos 10/65 0:00 - 1:36 - 3:23 - 4:09 Song of a male. Siberian Rubythroat Luscinia calliope 10/66 0:00 - 0:07 - 0:27 - 0:51 - 0:55 Calls 11/10 0:00 - 0:30 - 1:43 - 2:20 Song of a male. (Recording 2: calls of a Robin at the background, among others). Bluethroat Luscinia svecica 11/11 0:00 - 0:29 - 1:00 - 1:33 - 2:12 Song of a Redwing Turdus iliacus male (Recording 4: song of a Redwing at the 10/67 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:55 - 1:07 - 1:17 - 1:31 background). Recording 1-4: song of a male. Recording 5: 11/12 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:28 Calls. chorus of migrating flocks in winter. 10/68 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:30 - 0:41 - 1:02 Calls. Red-flanked Bluetail Tarsiger cyanurus 11/13 0:00 - 0:42 - 1:17 Song of a male. Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus 11/14 0:00 - 0:25 Calls. 10/69 0:00 - 0:41 - 0:53 Song of a male. 10/70 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:26 - 0:34 Calls. White-throated Robin Irania gutturalis 11/15 0:00 - 0:33 - 1:29 Song of a male. American Robin Turdus migratorius 11/16 0:00 - 0:11 Calls. 10/71 0:00 - 0:28 Song of a male. 10/72 0:00 - 0:10 Calls. Evermann´s Redstart Phoenicurus erythronotus 11/17 0:00 - 0:19 Song of a male.

Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros CD 11 [67:55 Minutes] 11/18 0:00 - 0:30 - 0:45 - 1:03 - 1:18 - 1:55 Song of a male. Recording 5: song and calls. 11/19 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:30 - 0:41 - 0:53 Calls. TRUSHES, CHATS AND ALLIES Saxicolini Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus 11/20 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:58 - 1:37 - 2:03 Song of a Rufous-tailed Bush Robin male. Cercotrichas galactotes 11/21 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:40 Calls. 11/1 0:00 - 0:38 - 1:18 Song of a male.

Black Bush Robin Cercotrichas podobe 11/2 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:45 Song of a male. 38

Moussier’s Redstart Phoenicurus moussieri Seebohm’s Wheatear Oenanthe seebohmi 11/22 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:33 - 0:50 Song of a male. 11/41 0:00 - 2:12 Song of a male. Recording 2 and 3: very excited. 11/42 0:00 - 0:08 Calls. 11/23 0:00 - 0:22 Calls. Pied Wheatear Oenanthe pleschanka Familiar Chat Cercomela familiaris 11/43 0:00 - 0:43 - 1:44 Song of a male. 11/24 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:47 Recording 1: a singing 11/44 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:29 - 0:37 Calls. male. Recording 2: calls and song of fighting males. Cyprus Wheatear Oenanthe cypriaca 11/45 0:00 - 0:59 - 1:42 Song of a male: at the Blackstart Cercomela melanura background a second male, among others. 11/25 0:00 - 0:47 - 1:20 Song of a male. 11/46 0:00 - 0:07 Calls. 11/26 0:00 - 0:27 - 0:56 Calls, from 0:50 also fluttering-birds. Recording 1: a fledgling at the Black-eared Wheatear Oenanthe hispanica background. Recording 2: song of a male in the Eastern Black-eared Wheatear background. Oenanthe Melanoleuca O. hispanica, O. melanoleuca, O. cypriaca and O. Whinchat Saxicola rubetra pleschanka are Allo-/Semi-species of a 11/27 0:00 - 0:32 - 1:18 Song of a male. superspecies and some authors may list them 11/28 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:23 Calls. together as O. hispanica. The songs and calls of O. hispanica and O. melanoleuca are rather Canary Islands Stonechat Saxicola dacotiae similar. 11/29 0:00 - 0:16 Song of a male. 11/47 0:00 - 0:37 - 1:05 - 1:27 Song of a male. 11/30 0:00 - 0:14 Calls. Recording 3: alternatin with calls. 11/48 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:22 - 0:36 Calls. Stonechat Saxicola rubicola 11/31 0:00 - 0:34 - 1:02 Song of a male. Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti 11/32 0:00 - 0:19 Calls. 11/49 0:00 - 0:32 - 1:47 Song of a male. From 0:40 to 1:09 a longer series of calls. Siberian Stonechat Saxicola maura 11/33 0:00 - 0:49 Song of a male. Finsch’s Wheatear Oenanthe finschii 11/34 0:00 - 0:19 Calls. 11/50 0:00 - 1:01 Song of a male. 11/51 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:25 Calls. Ant Chat Myrmecocichla aethiopis 11/35 0:00 - 0:28 Song of a male. Red-rumped Wheatear Oenanthe moesta 11/36 0:00 - 0:07 Calls. 11/52 0:00 - 0:48 - 1:09 Song of a male. 11/53 0:00 - 0:10 Calls. Isabelline Wheatear Oenanthe isabellina 11/37 0:00 - 0:35 - 1:06 - 1:32 Song of a male. Red-tailed Wheatear 11/38 0:00 - 0:05 - 0:11 Calls. Oenanthe xanthoprymna Oenanthe chrysopygia Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe Oenanthe chrysopygia is treated as a subspecies 11/39 0:00 - 1:12 - 1:24 Song of a male. of the Red-tailed Wheatear by some authors. 11/40 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:42 - 0:52 Calls. Here, Oenanthe chrysopygia is heard. Recording 1: from 0:09 sounds of birds taking 11/54 0:00 - 0:55 Song of a male. flight. Mourning Wheatear Oenanthe lugens 11/55 0:00 - 0:54 - 1:44 Song of a male. 39

Western Mourning Wheatear BUSH-SHRIKES AND TYPICAL Oenanthe halophila SHRIKES Laniidae 11/56 0:00 - 1:05 - 1:39 Song. Recording 1: a male. Recording 2: a female. Black-crowned Tchagra Tchagra senegala 11/57 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:21 - 0:30 Calls. 12/15 0:00 - 1:21 A small flock: song of a male and calls. White-crowned Black-Wheatear Oenanthe leucopyga Brown Shrike Lanius cristatus 11/58 0:00 - 0:48 - 1:23 - 2:00 Song of a male. 12/16 0:00 - 0:16 Song of a male. 11/59 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:21 - 0:33 Calls. 12/17 0:00 - 0:14 Calls (song of a Tree Pipit at the background). Black Wheatear Oenanthe leucura 11/60 0:00 - 0:48 - 1:20 - 1:31 Song of a male. Isabelline Shrike Lanius isabellinus 11/61 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:23 Calls. 12/18 0:00 - 0:30 Song of a male. 12/19 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:14 Calls.

Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio 12/20 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:46 - 0:58 Song of a male. CD 12 [62:25 Minutes] 12/21 0:00 - 0:08 - 0:15 - 0:27 Calls. Recording 3: a pair calling, one bird in the foreground, the second answering at some OLD WORLD FLYCATCHERS distance, in the background Turtle Dove and Muscicapini Golden Oriole. 12/22 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:32 Calls of large Brown Flycatcher Muscicapa dauurica nestlings. Recording 2: calls of twelve-day-old 12/1 0:00 - 0:37 Song of a male. young. 12/2 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:17 Calls. Lesser Grey Shrike Lanius minor Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata 12/23 0:00 - 1:04 Song of a male. 12/3 0:00 - 0:30 - 1:10 Song of a male (song of 12/24 0:00 - 0:11 Calls. a Great Tit at the background of recording 2, among others). Great Grey Shrike Lanius excubitor 12/4 0:00 - 0:08 - 0:22 - 0:34 Calls. 12/25 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:28 - 0:42 - 0:57 Song. 12/26 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:24 - 0:48 Calls. Red-breasted Flycatcher Ficedula parva 12/27 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:31 Recording 1: calls of 12/5 0:00 - 0:42 - 1:15 Song of a male. fledglings. Recording 2: calls of nestlings. 12/6 0:00 - 0:07 Calls. Southern Grey Shrike Lanius meridionalis Taiga Flycatcher Ficedula albicilla Steppe Grey Shrike Lanius pallidirostris 12/7 0:00 - 0:10 Song of a male. Southern Grey Shrike Lanius meridionalis and 12/8 0:00 - 0:07 Calls. Steppe Grey Shrike Lanius pallidirostris are forms of a superspecies and some authors may list Semicollared Flycatcher them as L. meridionalis. Their voices are rather Ficedula semitorquata similar. Here, Southern Grey Shrikes are heard. 12/9 0:00 - 0:28 Song of a male. 12/28 0:00 - 0:31 - 0:48 - 1:09 - 1:35 - 1:56 - 12/10 0:00 - 0:12 Calls. 2:12 Song. 12/29 0:00 - 0:16 Calls. Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis 12/30 0:00 - 0:19 Calls of fledglings. 12/11 0:00 - 0:37 - 1:23 - 1:49 Song of a male. 12/12 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:20 Calls.

Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca 12/13 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:50 - 1:22 Song of a male. 12/14 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:38 - 0:50 Calls. Recording 3: alternating with song phrases. 40

Grey-backed Fiscal Lanius excubitorius Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax 12/31 0:00 - 0:30 Calls of a small flock. 12/50 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:35 - 1:03 - 1:31 - 2:01 Calls. Recording 3-5: birds in colonies. Woodchat Shrike Lanius senator 12/51 0:00 - 0:13 Calls of large nestlings within 12/32 0:00 - 0:37 - 1:08 Song. a colony. 12/33 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:26 - 0:35 - 0:52 Calls. Jackdaw Corvus monedula Masked Shrike Lanius nubicus 12/52 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:55 - 1:41 - 2:14 Calls of 12/34 0:00 - 0:39 Song of a male. several flocks of Jackdaws. 12/35 0:00 - 0:10 Calls. Daurian Jackdaw Corvus dauuricus 12/53 0:00 - 0:09 Calls. VIREOS Vireonidae House Crow Corvus splendens Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus 12/54 0:00 - 0:43 Calls of a flock. 12/36 0:00 - 0:25 Song. Rook Corvus frugilegus 12/55 0:00 - 0:27 - 0:43 - 1:05 - 1:16 - 1:23 - CROWS, JAYS AND MAGPIES 1:32 - 1:36 Calls close to the colonies. Corvini Carrion Crow Corvus corone Jay Garrulus glandarius Hooded Crow Corvus cornix 12/37 0:00 - 0:40 Song of a male. form a superspecies and some authors will list C. 12/38 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:27 - 0:38 - 0:48 - 1:01 - cornix as subspecies of C. corone. Their voices 1:10 - 1:22 - 1:33 - 1:41 Calls. are quite similar. Almost all of the birds heard here are Carrion Crows. Siberian Jay Perisoreus infaustus 12/56 0:00 - 0:33 - 1:10 - 1:30 - 1:45 - 1:58 - 12/39 0:00 - 0:37 - 0:50 Calls. 2:15 - 2:21 - 2:30 - 2:38 - 2:47 - 2:53 - 2:59 - 3:10 - 3:18 - 3:23 Calls and sounds of flight, Azure-winged Magpie Cyanopica cyanus partially from flocks. 12/40 0:00 - 0:38 - 1:09 - 1:25 Calls. Recording 2 and 3: a small flock. Pied Crow Corvus albus 12/41 0:00 - 0:24 Calls of nestlings. 12/57 0:00 - 0:17 Calls.

Magpie Pica pica Brown-necked Raven Corvus ruficollis 12/42 0:00 - 0:40 - 0:54 Song. 12/58 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:15 - 1:02 Calls. 12/43 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:28 - 0:43 - 0:52 - 1:11 - 1:23 - 1:31 - 1:39 - 1:47 - 1:57 Calls single Raven Corvus corax birds, pairs and flocks. 12/59 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:27 - 0:45 - 0:56 - 1:15 - 12/44 0:00 - 0:13 Calls of subspecies Pica 1:32 - 1:43 - 2:00 - 2:06 - 2:22 - 2:29 Calls of pica mauritanica of Northwestern Mauritania. single birds, pairs and flocks. Recording 1 and 2: 12/45 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:58 - 1:21 Recording 1: flight sounds. first the calls of fledglings. Recording 2 and 3: calls of a one-week-old nestling. Fan-tailed Raven Corvus rhipidurus 12/46 0:00 - 0:16 Calls of a fledgling of the 12/60 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:45 - 1:14 - 1:35 - 1:57 subspecies Pica pica mauritanica. Calls. Recording 3 from 1:08 also sounds of starting birds. Nutcracker Nucifraga caryocatactes 12/47 0:00 - 0:10 Song. 12/48 0:00 - 0:57 - 1:20 - 1:54 Calls.

Alpine-Chough Pyrrhocorax graculus 12/49 0:00 - 0:30 - 0:53 - 1:15 - 1:26 Calls. Recording 4: a large flock. 41

OLD WORLD ORIOLES Oriolini SYLVINE-WARBLERS AND ALLIES Sylviini Golden-Oriole Oriolus oriolus 12/61 0:00 - 0:32 - 1:09 - 1:22 - 1:35 - 1:44 Marmora’s Warbler Sylvia sarda Song of a male. Recording 3 song interrupted by Balearic Warbler Sylvia balearica calls. Recording 4 and 5: muffled song (subsong). Marmora’s- and Balearic Warblers form a 12/62 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:30 - 0:36 Calls. superspecies. Here, Marmora’s Warblers are 12/63 0:00 - 0:19 Calls of a fledgling. heard. 13/9 0:00 - 0:53 - 1:03 Song of a male. 13/10 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:29 Calls.

Dartford Warbler Sylvia undata CD 13 [59:44 Minutes] 13/11 0:00 - 0:52 - 1:08 Song of a male. 13/12 0:00 - 0:12 Calls.

SUNBIRDS AND ALLIES Tristram’s Warbler Sylvia derserticola Nectariniidae 13/13 0:00 - 0:40 Song of a male. 13/14 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:31 Calls. Pygmy Sunbird Anthreptes platurus Nile Valley Sunbird Anthreptes metallicus Spectacled Warbler Sylvia conspicillata Pygmy- and Nile Valley Sunbirds may be listed as 13/15 0:00 - 0:51 - 1:11 Song of a male. one speciesby some authors. Here, Pygmy 13/16 0:00 - 0:17 Calls. Sumbirds are heard. 13/1 0:00 - 0:21 Song of a male. Subalpine Warbler Sylvia cantillans 13/2 0:00 - 0:13 Calls of a male, interrupted by 13/17 0:00 - 0:23 - 1:27 Song of a male. song. 13/18 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:29 Calls.

Palestine Sunbird Nectarinia osea Ménétries’s Warbler Sylvia mystacea 13/3 0:00 - 0:26 Song of a male. 13/19 0:00 - 1:15 Song of a male. 13/4 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:22 Calls. Sardinian Warbler Sylvia melanocephala 13/20 0:00 - 0:42 Song of a male. BABBLERS Timaliini 13/21 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:23 - 0:40 - 0:48 Calls.

Bearded Tit Panurus biarmicus Cyprus Warbler Sylvia melanothorax 13/5 0:00 - 1:28 Calls of a small flock. 13/22 0:00 - 0:50 - 1:42 Song of a male. 13/23 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:28 - 0:37 Calls Arabian Babbler Turdoides squamiceps 13/6 0:00 - 1:13 Calls of a small flock. Rueppell’s Warbler Sylvia rueppelli 13/24 0:00 - 0:44 - 1:16 Song of a male. Fulvous Babbler Turdoides fulvus 13/25 0:00 - 0:24 Calls. 13/7 0:00 - 0:46 Sounds of a small flock. Song from 0:20 to 0:40, calls before and afterwards. Desert Warbler Sylvia nana 13/8 0:00 - 0:21 Calls. African Desert Warbler Sylvia deserti Both species form a superspecies, their songs are quite different. Some authors may list S. deserti as a subspecies of S. nana. Here, the African Desert Warbler is heard. 13/26 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:56 Song of a male. 13/27 0:00 - 0:26 Calls. 42

Arabian Warbler Sylvia leucomelaena ACROCEPHALINE-WARBLERS 13/28 0:00 - 0:47 Song of a male. Calls of a Hippolaiini female at the background. 13/29 0:00 - 0:23 Calls. Olivaceous Warbler Hippolais pallida 13/46 0:00 - 0:54 - 1:14 Song of a male. Orphean Warbler Sylvia hortensis 13/47 0:00 - 0:08 - 0:30 Calls. 13/30 0:00 - 1:04 - 1:33 Song of a male. 13/31 0:00 - 0:08 - 0:17 - 0:31 - 0:36 Calls. Western Olivaceous Warbler Hippolais opaca 13/48 0:00 - 0:59 Song of a male (song of a Eastern Orphean Warbler Nightingale at the background). Sylvia crassirostris 13/49 0:00 - 0:07 - 0:13 - 0:18 Calls. 13/32 0:00 - 0:38 - 1:37 - 1:56 Song of a male. 13/33 0:00 - 0:13 Calls. Booted Warbler Hippolais caligata 13/50 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:50 - 1:15 Song of a male. Barred Warbler Sylvia nisoria Recording 3: mixed with calls. 13/34 0:00 - 1:04 - 1:21 Song of a male. 13/35 0:00 - 0:17 Calls. Sykes’ Warbler Hippolais rama 13/51 0:00 - 0:42 Song of a male. Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca Hume’s Whitethroat Sylvia althaea Upcher’s Warbler Hippolais languida Small Whitethroat Sylvia minula 13/52 0:00 - 2:11 Song of a male. These species form a superspecies and some authors may list Hume’s- and Small Whitethroat Olive-tree Warbler Hippolais olivetorum as a subspecies of the Lesser White. Here, 13/53 0:00 - 0:31 Song of a male. Lesser White-throats are heard. 13/54 0:00 - 0:07 Calls. 13/36 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:44 - 0:59 Song of a male. Recording 3: subsong. Icterine Warbler Hippolais icterina 13/37 0:00 - 0:19 Calls. 13/55 0:00 - 0:58 - 1:34 - 2:02 Song of a male. 13/56 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:25 - 0:35 Calls. Whitethroat Sylvia communis 13/38 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:52 - 1:11 - 1:38 - 2:01 - Melodious Warbler Hippolais polyglotta 2:10 - 2:21 Song of a male. Recording 7: 13/57 0:00 - 1:05 - 1:37 Song of a male. subsong. 13/58 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:19 - 0:39 Calls. 13/39 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:23 - 0:33 - 0:56 - 1:05 Recording 3: from 0:23 also juveniles. Calls.

Garden Warbler Sylvia borin 13/40 0:00 - 0:49 - 1:14 - 2:30 - 2:51 Song of a male. Recording 4: subsong. CD 14 [66:30 Minutes] 13/41 0:00 - 0:09 Calls. 13/42 0:00 - 0:18 Calls of large nestlings. ACROCEPHALINE WARBLERS Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla Acrocephalini 13/43 0:00 - 0:48 - 1:32 - 1:57 - 2:30 - 2:50 - 3:08 Song of a male. Subsong at the Moustached Warbler sixth recording. Acrocephalus melanopogon 13/44 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:59 - 1:15 - 1:24 - 1:32 14/1 0:00 - 0:44 - 1:46 - 2:17 Song of a male. Calls. 14/2 0:00 - 0:13 Calls. 13/45 0:00 - 0:06 - 0:28 Recording 1: calls of fledglings. Recording 2: calls of large nestlings. 43

Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola CISTICOLINE WARBLERS 14/3 0:00 - 0:57 - 1:29 Song of a male. Cisticolidae 14/4 0:00 - 0:15 Calls. Fan-tailed Warbler Cisticola juncidis Sedge Warbler 14/23 0:00 - 0:46 Flight song of a male. Acrocephalus schoenobaenus 14/24 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:21 Calls. 14/5 0:00 - 0:38 - 1:03 - 1:31 - 1:52 Song of a male. Graceful Prinia Prinia gracilis 14/6 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:20 Calls. 14/25 0:00 - 0:50 - 1:16 Song of a male. 14/26 0:00 - 0:36 - 0:49 - 0:55 Calls. Paddyfield Warbler Acrocephalus agricola 14/7 0:00 - 1:41 Song of a male. Scrub-Warbler Scotocerca inquieta 14/27 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:45 Song of a male. Blyth’s Reed-Warbler 14/28 0:00 - 0:18 Calls of a male. Interrupted Acrocephalus dumetorum by song elements at 0:07/0:08 and 0:14; at 14/8 0:00 - 2:33 - 3:26 Song of a male. 0:12 sound of fluttering birds.

Cape Verde Cane Warbler Cricket Warbler Spiloptila clamans Acrocephalus brevipennis 14/29 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:31 - 0:46 - 1:00 14/9 0:00 - 0:29 Song of a male. Song. Recording 4: three birds singing. 14/10 0:00 - 0:13 Calls.

Marsh Warbler Acrocephalus palustris LOCUSTINE WARBLERS 14/11 0:00 - 0:40 - 1:57 - 2:25 - 3:08 Song of a Locustellini male. 14/12 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:29 Calls. Pallas’ Grasshopper Warbler Locustella certhiola Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus 14/30 0:00 - 0:37 Song of a male. 14/13 0:00 - 1:25 - 2:15 - 2:38 Song of a male. 14/14 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:29 - 0:37 Calls. Lanceolated Warbler Locustella lanceolata 14/15 0:00 - 0:09 Calls of one-week-old 14/31 0:00 - 0:37 Song of a male. nestlings. Grasshopper Warbler Locustella naevia Clamorous Reed Warbler 14/32 0:00 - 0:33 - 1:20 - 1:32 Song of a male. Acrocephalus stentoreus 14/33 0:00 - 0:13 Calls. 14/16 0:00 - 0:56 Song of a male. 14/17 0:00 - 0:23 Calls. River Warbler Locustella fluviatilis 14/34 0:00 - 0:49 Song of a male. Great Reed Warbler 14/35 0:00 - 0:10 Calls of a male. From 0:02 to Acrocephalus arundinaceus 0:04 and from 0:08 song elements. 14/18 0:00 - 0:35 - 1:32 - 1:59 Song of a male. Recording 3: short songtype. Savi’s Warbler Locustella luscinioides 14/19 0:00 - 0:21 Calls. 14/36 0:00 - 0:52 Song of a male. 14/37 0:00 - 0:08 Calls. Thick-billed Warbler Acrocephalus aedon 14/20 0:00 - 0:36 Song of a male. Gray’s Grasshopper Warbler Locustella fasciolata CETTINE-WARBLERS Cettiini 14/38 0:00 - 0:32 Song of a male.

Cetti’s Warbler Cettia cetti 14/21 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:45 - 0:53 - 0:58 Song of a PHYLLOSCOPINE WARBLERS male. Phylloscopini 14/22 0:00 - 0:25 Calls. Eastern Crowned Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus coronatus 14/39 0:00 - 0:37 Song of a male. 14/40 0:00 - 0:17 Calls. 44

Greenish Warbler Phylloscopus trochiloides Plain Willow Warbler Phylloscopus neglectus 14/41 0:00 - 0:57 Song of a male. 14/63 0:00 - 0:23 Song of a male. 14/42 0:00 - 0:11 Calls. 14/64 0:00 - 0:18 Calls.

Two-barred Greenish Warbler Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus 14/65 0:00 - 0:32 - 1:19 - 2:06 - 2:34 Song of a 14/43 0:00 - 0:26 Song of a male. male. 14/66 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:36 - 1:06 - 1:17 - 1:24 Green Warbler Phylloscopus nitidus Calls. Recording 3: alternating song elements. 14/44 0:00 - 0:27 Song of a male. Iberian Chiffchaff Phylloscopus brehmii Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis 14/67 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:53 Song of a male. 14/45 0:00 - 0:44 - 1:07 Song of a male. 14/68 0:00 - 0:11 Calls. 14/46 0:00 - 0:10 Calls. Canary Islands Chiffchaff Pallas´s Warbler Phylloscopus canariensis Phylloscopus proregulus 14/69 0:00 - 0:25 Song of a male. 14/47 0:00 - 0:48 Song of a male. 14/70 0:00 - 0:10 Calls. 14/48 0:00 - 0:16 Calls. Mountain Chiffchaff Phylloscopus sindianus Yellow-browed Warbler 14/71 0:00 - 0:10 Song of a male. Phylloscopus inornatus 14/72 0:00 - 0:08 Calls. 14/49 0:00 - 0:37 Song of a male (singing Chiffchaff at the background). Siberian Chiffchaff Phylloscopus tristis 14/50 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:31 Calls. 14/73 0:00 - 0:36 Song of a male. 14/74 0:00 - 0:13 Calls. Hume’s Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus humei Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus 14/51 0:00 - 0:31 Song of a male. 14/75 0:00 - 0:37 - 1:13 Song of a male. 14/52 0:00 - 0:31 - 0:49 Calls. 14/76 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:26 - 0:36 Calls. Recording 2 and 3: a breeding pair. Radde’s Warbler Phylloscopus schwarzi 14/77 0:00 - 0:10 Calls of large nestlings. 14/53 0:00 - 0:23 Song of a male. 14/54 0:00 - 0:08 Calls.

Dusky Warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus 14/55 0:00 - 0:29 Song of a male. CD 15 [58:08 Minutes] 14/56 0:00 - 0:26 Calls of a male, interrupted by song elements(a singing Rosefinch at the background). LONG-TAILED TITS Aegithalidae

Bonelli’s Warbler Phylloscopus bonelli Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus 14/57 0:00 - 0:44 Song of a male. 15/1 0:00 - 0:19 Song. 14/58 0:00 - 0:26 Calls. 15/2 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:40 - 1:00 - 1:24 Calls.

Eastern Bonelli’s Warbler Phylloscopus orientalis PENDULINE TITS Remizinae 14/59 0:00 - 0:34 Song of a male. 14/60 0:00 - 0:29 Calls. Penduline-Tit Remiz pendulinus 15/3 0:00 - 0:24 Song of a male. Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix 15/4 0:00 - 0:25 Calls (song of a Nightingale at 14/61 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:42 - 1:07 - 1:26 - 1:41 the background). Song of a male. 14/62 0:00 - 0:10 Calls. 45

TITS Parinae Great Tit Parus major 15/26 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:45 - 0:57 - 1:09 - 1:25 - Marsh Tit Parus palustris 1:40 - 1:55 - 2:11 - 2:29 - 2:40 - 2:48 - 3:08 - 15/5 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:45 - 1:05 - 1:30 - 1:43 3:22 - 3:33 - 3:43 - 3:57 - 4:08 - 4:14 - 4:25 - Song. 4:32 - 4:57 Song. 15/6 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:31 - 0:38 Calls. 15/27 0:00 - 0:05 - 0:17 - 0:22 - 0:29 - 0:43 - 0:48 - 1:10 - 1:20 - 1:57 - 2:16 - 2:24 - 2:36 - Sombre Tit Parus lugubris 2:45 - 2:52 - 2:58 - 3:29 - 3:42 - 3:47 - 3:55 - 15/7 0:00 - 0:27 - 0:52 - 1:07 Song. 4:25 - 4:34 - 4:55 Calls: nestlings at the 15/8 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:46 Calls. background of the last recording. Song structure in many tits often is a combination of elements Willow Tit Parus montanus also found in calls. So differentiation between 15/9 0:00 - 0:37 - 0:46 Song. song and calls is difficult. 15/10 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:18 - 0:24 Song of Parus 15/28 0:00 - 0:42 - 0:57 - 1:27 Calls off montanus montanus. ledglings, followed by calls of large nestlings. 15/11 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:17 - 0:26 - 0:32 Calls. Recording 3: calls of small nestlings.

Siberian Tit Parus cinctus 15/12 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:43 - 1:04 Song. NUTHATCHES Sittinae 15/13 0:00 - 0:17 Calls. Krueper’s Nuthatch Sitta krueperi Crested Tit Parus cristatus 15/29 0:00 - 0:40 - 1:01 Song of a male. 15/14 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:42 - 1:11 - 1:19 Song. 15/30 0:00 - 0:31 Calls. 15/15 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:32 - 0:41 - 0:58 - 1:11 - 1:19 - 1:27 Calls. Corsican Nuthatch Sitta whiteheadi 15/31 0:00 - 0:33 - 0:48 Song of a male. Coal Tit Parus ater 15/32 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:38 Calls. 15/16 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:51 - 1:06 - 1:18 - 1:38 - 2:01 Song. Algerian Nuthatch Sitta ledanti 15/17 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:26 - 0:44 - 0:53 Calls. 15/33 0:00 - 0:24 Song of a male. 15/34 0:00 - 0:11 Calls. Blue Tit Parus caeruleus 15/18 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:37 - 0:53 - 1:10 - 1:30 - Red-breasted Nuthatch Sitta canadensis 1:45 Song. 15/35 0:00 - 0:06 Song of a male. 15/19 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:24 - 0:44 - 1:00 - 1:14 15/36 0:00 - 0:30 Calls. Song of the North-west African subspecies Parus caeruleus ultramarinus. Nuthatch Sitta europaea 15/20 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:25 - 0:39 - 0:48 - 15/37 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:27 - 0:40 - 0:48 - 0:58 - 0:55 - 1:04 Calls. Recording 6: nest defense of a 1:04 - 1:19 - 1:24 Song of a male. female. 15/38 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:34 - 0:49 - 0:56 - 1:11 - 15/21 0:00 - 0:15 Calls of large nestlings (calls 1:18 - 1:26 Calls. of Black-headed Gulls at the background, among 15/39 0:00 - 0:07 - 0:19 Knocking while others). opening seeds.

Canary Islands Tit Parus teneriffae Eastern Rock-Nuthatch Sitta tephronota P. teneriffae is forming a superspecies together 15/40 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:39 Song of a male. with P. cyanus and P. flavipectus. Some authors 15/41 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:29 Calls. may list it as a sub-species of P. caeruleus. 15/22 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:27 - 0:38 - 0:48 - 1:00 Rock Nuthatch Sitta neumayer Song. 15/42 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:55 - 1:23 Song of a male. 15/23 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:19 Calls. 15/43 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:43 Calls.

Azure Tit Parus cyanus 15/24 0:00 - 0:33 - 0:49 Song. 15/25 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:21 Calls. 46

WALLCREEPERS Tichodrominae 16/3 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:41 - 0:56 Recording 1: calls of large nestlings; calls of an adult at the Wallcreeper Tichodroma muraria background, followed by calls of middle-sized 15/44 0:00 - 0:47 Song of a male. nestlings. Recording 3: calls of little nestlings. 15/45 0:00 - 0:20 Calls. Spanish Sparrow Passer hispaniolensis 16/4 0:00 - 0:28 Song of a male. TREECREEPERS Certhiinae 16/5 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:46 - 1:12 Calls. Recording 2 and 3: flocks of several birds. Treecreeper Certhia familiaris 15/46 0:00 - 0:20 Song of a male. Dead Sea Sparrow Passer moabiticus 15/47 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:42 Calls. 16/6 0:00 - 0:37 - 1:17 - 1:38 Song of a male. 16/7 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:37 - 1:04 Calls. Recording Short-toed Treecreeper Certhia brachydactyla 3: a colony. 15/48 0:00 - 0:40 - 1:14 Song of a male. 15/49 0:00 - 0:34 Song of a male of the Iago Sparrow Passer iagoensis Northwest African subspecies Certhia 16/8 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:19 - 0:26 Calls. brachydactyla mauritanica. 15/50 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:22 - 1:07 Calls. Desert Sparrow Passer simplex 16/9 0:00 - 0:52 - 1:02 Song and calls of a small flock. KINGLETS Regulidae Tree Sparrow Passer montanus Goldcrest Regulus regulus 16/10 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:27 - 0:36 Song. 15/51 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:52 - 1:26 Song of a male. 16/11 0:00 - 0:08 - 0:19 - 0:30 - 0:45 Calls. 15/52 0:00 - 0:08 - 0:17 Calls. Recording 4: a flock of birds.

Canary Islands Goldcrest Regulus teneriffae Sudan Golden Sparrow Passer luteus 15/53 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:30 Song of a male. 16/12 0:00 - 0:17 Singing males at their nests. (Recording 1 from La Palma. Recording 2 16/13 0:00 - 0:13 Calls at a roost. fromTeneriffa.) Pale Rock Sparrow Petronia brachydactyla Firecrest Regulus ignicapillus 16/14 0:00 - 0:59 - 1:25 Song of a male. Madeira Firecrest Regulus madeirensis The Madeira Firecrest is listed as a subspecies of Yellow-throated Sparrow Petronia xanthocollis the Firecrest by some authors. Here, Firecrests 16/15 0:00 - 0:42 Song of a male. are heard. 15/54 0:00 - 0:36 Song of a male. Rock Sparrow Petronia petronia 15/55 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:18 Calls. 16/16 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:47 Song of a male. 16/17 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:17 - 0:30 Calls. Recording 3: a flock of birds. 16/18 0:00 - 0:09 Calls of a large nestling.

CD 16 [75:04 Minutes] Snow Finch Montifringilla nivalis 16/19 0:00 - 0:28 - 1:10 Song of a male. Recording 1: flight song. SPARROWS, ROCK SPARROWS 16/20 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:50 - 1:04 Calls. AND SNOW FINCHES Passerinae Recording 3: a flock of birds. 16/21 0:00 - 0:21 Nestlings calling. House Sparrow Passer domesticus 16/1 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:29 - 0:42 - 0:51 Song of a male. 16/2 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:22 - 0:37 - 0:44 Calling flock. 47

WEAVERS AND ALLIES Ploceinae 16/39 0:00 - 0:12 Song of a male of subspecies Fringilla coelebs canariensis found on Streaked Weaver Ploceus manyar Gomera, Teneriffa and Gran Canaria. 16/22 0:00 - 0:46 A small flock of birds. Song 16/40 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:39 - 0:49 - 1:04 - 1:15 - of a male and calls. 1:28 - 1:36 - 1:44 Calls. Recording 7: flight calls. 16/41 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:24 Calls of subspecies Village Weaver Ploceus cucullatus Fringilla coelebs africana. 16/23 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:39 Recording 1: song of 16/42 0:00 - 0:08 Calls of subspecies Fringilla a male. Recording 2: songs and calls of a small coelebs canariensis. flock. 16/43 0:00 - 0:07 Calls of subspecies Fringilla coelebs palmae, found on La Palma. Red-billed Quelea Quelea quelea 16/24 0:00 - 0:24 Singing males. Blue Chaffinch Fringilla teydea 16/44 0:00 - 0:26 Song of a male. 16/45 0:00 - 0:18 Calls. WAXBILLS, GRASSFINCHES AND MANNAKINS Estrildinae Brambling Fringilla montifringilla 16/46 0:00 - 0:52 - 1:15 - 1:31 Song of a male. Red-billed Firefinch Lagonostica senegala 16/47 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:23 - 0:30 - 0:36 Calls. 16/25 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:30 Song of a male. Recording 4: flight calls. 16/26 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:24 Calls.

Common Waxbill Estrilda astrild SISKINS, CROSSBILLS AND ALLIES 16/27 0:00 - 0:24 Song of a male. Carduelini 16/28 0:00 - 0:10 Calls. Red-fronted Serin Serinus pusillus Orange-cheeked Waxbill Estrilda melpoda 16/48 0:00 - 0:31 Calls. 16/29 0:00 - 0:25 Calls of a small flock. Serin Serinus serinus Red-cheeked Cordonbleu 16/49 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:53 Song of a male. Uraeginthus bengalus 16/50 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:25 - 0:38 Calls. 16/30 0:00 - 0:13 Song of a male. 16/31 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:22 Calls. Syrian Serin Serinus syriacus 16/51 0:00 - 0:59 Song of a male. Red Avadavat Amandava amandava 16/52 0:00 - 0:31 Calls. 16/32 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:47 Song of a male. 16/33 0:00 - 0:09 Calls. Canary Serinus canaria 16/53 0:00 - 0:31 Song of a male. African Silverbill Lonchura cantans 16/54 0:00 - 0:14 Calls. 16/34 0:00 - 0:22 Song of a male. 16/35 0:00 - 0:16 Calls of a flying troop. Citril Finch Serinus citrinella 16/55 0:00 - 0:44 - 1:19 - 1:41 Song of a male. 16/56 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:50 Calls. FINCHES Fringillini Greenfinch Carduelis chloris Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs 16/57 0:00 - 1:07 - 1:56 Song of a male. 16/36 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:53 - 1:19 - 1:39 Song of a 16/58 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:22 Calls. male. 16/37 0:00 - 0:14 Song of a male of Fringilla coelebs africana, the northafrican subspecies (Morocco to Lybia). 16/38 0:00 - 0:33 Song of a male of Fringilla coelebs spodiogenys, the subspecies found in central Tunisia, some calls interspersed for example 0:03 and 0:10. 48

Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis Crimson-winged Finch 16/59 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:57 - 1:25 - 2:00 Song. Rhodopechys sanguinea 16/60 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:25 - 0:32 Calls. 16/78 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:38 Song of a male. 16/79 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:22 - 0:29 Calls. Siskin Carduelis spinus 16/61 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:55 - 1:14 Song of a male. Desert Finch Rhodospiza obsoleta Recording 3: a singing flock in the winter. 16/80 0:00 - 0:36 Song of a male. 16/62 0:00 - 0:31 - 0:43 Calls. Recording 2: wingflapping. Trumpeter Finch Bucanetes githagineus 16/81 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:55 Song of a male. Linnet Carduelis cannabina 16/82 0:00 - 0:34 - 0:43 Calls. 16/63 0:00 - 0:33 - 1:05 - 1:39 - 2:04 - 2:23 - 2:34 - 2:47 Recording 1 -6: song of a males Scarlet Rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus followed by a calling and singing flock in winter. 16/83 0:00 - 0:26 Song of a male. 16/64 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:22 Flight calls. 16/84 0:00 - 0:09 Calls.

Twite Carduelis flavirostris Sinai Rosefinch Carpodacus synoicus 16/65 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:40 Recording 1: song of 16/85 0:00 - 0:23 - 1:07 Calls. a male. Recording 2: a calling and singing flock in winter. Pine Grosbeak Pinicola enucleator 16/66 0:00 - 0:15 Calls. 16/86 0:00 - 0:19 Song of a male. 16/87 0:00 - 0:11 Calls. Mealy-Redpoll Carduelis flammea Lesser Redpoll Carduelis cabaret Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula Common Redpoll and Lesser Redpol belong to 16/88 0:00 - 0:46 Song of a male. the superspecies C. flammea, their taxonomical 16/89 0:00 - 0:16 Calls. status is in discussion. Therefore, some authors may list them as subspecies of the C. flammea. Hawfinch Coccothraustes coccothraustes 16/67 0:00 - 0:30 - 0:54 - 1:18 Flight call of a 16/90 0:00 - 0:54 - 1:33 Song of a male: male. subsong from 1:15. 16/68 0:00 - 0:29 - 0:42 - 0:53 Calls. 16/91 0:00 - 0:19- 0:25 Calls (Sparrows at the Recording 3: flight calls. background).

Arctic Redpoll Carduelis hornemanni Evening Grosbeak Coccothraustes vespertina 16/69 0:00 - 0:10 Flight call of a male. 16/92 0:00 - 0:34 Calls of a small troop. 16/70 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:31 Calls. Recording 1: flight calls.

Two-barred Crossbill Loxia leucoptera 16/71 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:25 Song of a male. CD 17 [63:00 Minutes] Recording 2: a flock of birds. 16/72 0:00 - 0:09 Calls.

Crossbill Loxia curvirostra 16/73 0:00 - 1:07 - 1:26 - 1:38 Song of a male. BUNTINGS, NEW WOLRD 16/74 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:28 - 0:52 - 1:13 - 1:22 - SPARROWS AND ALLIES 1:31 - 1:41 Calls: also partially flight sounds. Emberizini

Scottish Crossbill Loxia scotica Rufous-sided Towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus 16/75 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:55 Song of a male. 17/1 0:00 - 0:29 Song of a male. 17/2 0:00 - 0:10 Calls. Parrot Crossbill Loxia pytyopsittacus 16/76 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:37 Song of a male. Fox Sparrow Passerella iliaca 16/77 0:00 - 0:11 Calls. 17/3 0:00 - 0:24 Song of a male. 49

Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia 17/27 0:00 - 0:06 Calls. 17/4 0:00 - 0:33 Song of a male. Striated Bunting Emberiza striolata White-crowned Sparrow 17/28 0:00 - 0:41 - 1:15 Song of a male. Zonotrichia leucophrys 17/29 0:00 - 0:34 Calls. 17/5 0:00 - 0:21 Song of a male. 17/6 0:00 - 0:12 Calls. House Bunting Emberiza sahari 17/30 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:37 - 0:53 Song of a male. White-throated Sparrow Zonotrichia albicollis 17/31 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:39 Calls. 17/7 0:00 - 0:35 Song of a male. Cinereous Bunting Emberiza cineracea Dark-eyed Junco Junco hyemalis 17/32 0:00 - 0:30 - 0:58 Song of a male. 17/8 0:00 - 0:28 Song of a male. 17/33 0:00 - 0:18 Calls. 17/9 0:00 - 0:17 Calls. Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana Lapland Bunting Calcarius lapponicus 17/34 0:00 - 0:29 - 0:51 - 1:12 - 1:37 Song of a 17/10 0:00 - 0:42 Song of a male. male. 17/11 0:00 - 0:30 - 0:50 - 1:24 - 1:31 Calls 17/35 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:30 Calls. (Recording 3: calls of a Meadow Pipit at the background). Recording 4: flightcalls. Grey-necked Bunting Emberiza buchanani 17/36 0:00 - 0:50 Song of a male. Snow Bunting Plectrophenax nivalis 17/37 0:00 - 0:08 Calls. 17/12 0:00 - 0:29 - 1:08 Song of a male. 17/13 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:27 - 0:35 Calls. Cretzschmar’s Bunting Emberiza caesia Recording 1 and 2: flight calls. 17/38 0:00 - 0:50 Song of a male. 17/39 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:38 Calls. Black-faced Bunting Emberiza spodocephala 17/14 0:00 - 0:27 Song of a male. Yellow-browed Bunting Emberiza chrysophrys 17/15 0:00 - 0:28 Calls. 17/40 0:00 - 0:23 Song of a male. 17/41 0:00 - 0:07 Calls. Pine Bunting Emberiza leucocephalos 17/16 0:00 - 0:39 - 0:59 Song of a male. Rustic Bunting Emberiza rustica 17/17 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:19 Calls. 17/42 0:00 - 0:38 - 1:04 Song of a male. 17/43 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:21 Calls. Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella 17/18 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:40 - 1:08 - 1:25 - 1:42 - Little Bunting Emberiza pusilla 2:04 - 2:24 - 2:40 - 2:51 Song of a male. 17/44 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:56 Song of a male. 17/19 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:24 - 0:34 - 0:54 Calls. 17/45 0:00 - 0:09 Calls. 17/20 0:00 - 0:19 Calls of nestlings. Chestnut Bunting Emberiza rutila Cirl Bunting Emberiza cirlus 17/46 0:00 - 0:33 - 1:01 Song of a male. 17/21 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:44 - 1:15 - 1:34 - 1:43 17/47 0:00 - 0:16 Calls. Song of a male. 17/22 0:00 - 0:07 - 0:15 - 0:29 - 0:38 - 0:56 Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola Calls. 17/48 0:00 - 0:44 Song of a male. 17/49 0:00 - 0:12 Calls. Meadow Bunting Emberiza cioides 17/23 0:00 - 0:33 Song of a male.

Rock Bunting Emberiza cia 17/24 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:52 - 1:16 Song of a male. 17/25 0:00 - 0:10 Calls.

Cinnamon-breasted Bunting Emberiza tahapisi 17/26 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:39 Song of a male. 50

Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla 17/50 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:45 - 0:59 - 1:13 - 1:54 17/71 0:00 - 0:22 Song. Song of a male. 17/51 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:28 Calls. Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapillus 17/72 0:00 - 0:29 Song. Pallas’ Bunting Emberiza pallasi 17/52 0:00 - 0:37 Song of a male. Northern Waterthrush Seiurus noveboracensis 17/53 0:00 - 0:08 Calls. 17/73 0:00 - 0:31 Song.

Red-headed Bunting Emberiza bruniceps Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas 17/54 0:00 - 0:36 Song of a male. 17/74 0:00 - 0:27 Song. 17/55 0:00 - 0:12 Calls. 17/75 0:00 - 0:06 Calls.

Black-headed Bunting Hooded Warbler Wilsonia citrina Emberiza melanocephala 17/76 0:00 - 0:27 Song. 17/56 0:00 - 0:43 - 1:14 Song of a male. 17/57 0:00 - 0:06 Calls. TANAGERS Thraupini

Corn Bunting Miliaria calandra Summer Tanager Piranga rubra 17/58 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:51 - 1:13 Song of a male. 17/77 0:00 - 0:31 Song. 17/59 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:21 - 0:29 - 0:34 Calls. 17/78 0:00 - 0:08 Calls. Recording 3 and 4: flight calls. Scarlet Tanager Piranga olivacea 17/79 0:00 - 0:33 Song. NEW WORLD WOOD-WARBLERS 17/80 0:00 - 0:05 Calls. Parulini CARDINAL GROSBEAKS AND Black-and-white Warbler Mniotilta varia ALLIES Cardinalini 17/60 0:00 - 0:33 Song. Rose-breasted Grosbeak Tennessee Warbler Vermivora peregrina Pheucticus ludovicianus 17/61 0:00 - 0:34 Song. 17/81 0:00 - 0:28 Song. 17/82 0:00 - 0:12 Calls. Northern Parula Parula americana 17/62 0:00 - 0:33 Song. Blue Grosbeak Guiraca caerulea 17/83 0:00 - 0:36 Song. Yellow Warbler Dendroica petechia 17/63 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:45 Song. Indigo Bunting Passerina cyanea 17/84 0:00 - 0:25 Song. Black-throated Green Warbler Dendroica virens Painted Bunting Passerina ciris 17/64 0:00 - 0:33 Song. 17/85 0:00 - 0:36 Song.

Cape May Warbler Dendroica tigrina 17/65 0:00 - 0:26 Song. NEW WORLD BLACKBIRDS, ORIOLSE AND ALLIES Icterini Yellow-rumped Warbler Dendroica coronata 17/66 0:00 - 0:18 Song. Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus 17/86 0:00 - 0:34 Song. Palm Warbler Dendroica palmarum 17/67 0:00 - 0:22 Song. Yellow-headed Blackbird 17/68 0:00 - 0:07 Calls. Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus 17/87 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:58 Song. Blackpoll Warbler Dendroica striata 17/88 0:00 - 0:07 Calls. 17/69 0:00 - 0:33 Song. 17/70 0:00 - 0:10 Calls. Baltimore Oriole Icterus galbula 17/89 0:00 - 0:32 Song. 51

Registry of the Ammoperdix heyi 4/17 Ardea goliath 1/82 Anas acuta 2/34 Ardea melanocephala 1/79 scientific Anas americana 2/25 Ardea purpurea 1/80-81 species’ names Anas capensis 2/30 Ardeola ralloides 1/66-67 Anas clypeata 2/38 Ardeotis arabs 4/82 Anas crecca 2/29 Arenaria interpres 5/80-81 Accipiter badius 3/56 Anas discors 2/37 Asio capensis 7/40-41 Accipiter brevipes 3/57 Anas erythrorhyncha 2/35 Asio flammeus 7/37-39 Accipiter gentilis 3/52-53 Anas falcata 2/26 Asio otus 7/34-36 Accipiter nisus 3/54-55 Anas formosa 2/28 Athene noctua 7/19-21 Acridotheres tristis 10/27 Anas penelope 2/24 Aythya americana 2/42 Acrocephalus aedon 14/20 Anas platyrhynchos 2/31-32 Aythya collaris 2/43 Acrocephalus agricola 14/7 Anas querquedula 2/36 Aythya ferina 2/41 Acrocephalus arundinaceus Anas rubripes 2/33 Aythya fuligula 2/45 14/18-19 Anas strepera 2/27 Aythya marila 2/46 Acrocephalus brevipennis Anhinga rufa 1/47-48 Aythya nyroca 2/44 14/9-10 Anous stolidus 6/63 Acrocephalus dumetorum 14/8 Anser albifrons 2/9 Bartramia longicauda 5/59 Acrocephalus melanopogon Anser anser 2/11 Bombycilla garrulus 10/5-6 14/1-2 Anser brachyrhynchus 2/8 Bonasa bonasia 4/31-32 Acrocephalus paludicola 14/3-4 Anser caerulescens 2/13 Botaurus lentiginosus 1/57 Acrocephalus palustris 14/11-12 Anser erythropus 2/10 Botaurus stellaris 1/55-56 Acrocephalus schoenobaenus Anser fabalis 2/7 Branta bernicla 2/16 14/5-6 Anser indicus 2/12 Branta canadensis 2/14 Acrocephalus scirpaceus Anthreptes metallicus 13/1-2 Branta leucopsis 2/15 14/13-15 Anthreptes platurus 13/1-2 Branta ruficollis 2/17 Acrocephalus stentoreus Anthropoides virgo 4/77 Bubo bubo 7/7-9 14/16-17 Anthus berthelotii 9/47-48 Bubulcus ibis 1/68-69 Actitis hypoleucos 5/76-77 Anthus campestris 9/45-46 Bucanetes githagineus 16/81-82 Actitis macularia 5/78 Anthus cervinus 9/58-59 Bucephala albeola 2/56 Aegithalos caudatus 15/1-2 Anthus godlewskii 9/43-44 Bucephala clangula 2/58 Aegolius funereus 7/42-44 Anthus gustavi 9/55 Bucephala islandica 2/57 Aegypius monachus 3/8-9 Anthus hodgsoni 9/51-52 Bulweria bulwerii 1/23 Aethia cristatella 6/71 Anthus petrosus 9/60-61 Burhinus oedicnemus 4/87-88 Aix galericulata 2/23 Anthus pratensis 9/56-57 Burhinus senegalensis 4/89-90 Aix sponsa 2/22 Anthus richardi 9/41-42 Buteo buteo 3/46-47 Alaemon alaudipes 9/10-11 Anthus similis 9/49-50 Buteo lagopus 3/45 Alauda arvensis 9/33-34 Anthus spinoletta 9/62-63 Buteo rufinus 3/43-44 Alauda gulgula 9/32 Anthus trivialis 9/53-54 Butorides striatus 1/64 Alauda razae 9/35-36 Apus affinis 8/41 Butorides virescens 1/65 Alca torda 6/67 Apus apus 8/34-36 Alcedo atthis 8/28-30 Apus caffer 8/40 Calandrella brachydactyla Alectoris barbara 4/14-15 Apus melba 8/39 9/22-23 Alectoris chukar 4/8-9 Apus pacificus 8/38 Calandrella rufescens 9/24-25 Alectoris graeca 4/10 Apus pallidus 8/37 Calcarius lapponicus 17/10-11 Alectoris graeca x rufa 4/13 Aquila adalberti 3/19-20 Calidris alba 5/34-35 Alectoris rufa 4/11-12 Aquila chrysaetos 3/15-16 Calidris alpina 5/52-53 Alle alle 6/69-70 Aquila clanga 3/22 Calidris bairdii 5/46 Alopochen aegyptiacus 2/18 Aquila heliaca 3/17-18 Calidris canutus 5/32-33 Amandava amandava 16/32-33 Aquila nipalensis 3/23 Calidris ferruginea 5/48-49 Amaurornis flavirostris 4/61 Aquila pomarina 3/21 Calidris fuscicollis 5/45 Ammomanes cincturus 9/6-7 Aquila rapax 3/24 Calidris maritima 5/50-51 Ammomanes deserti 9/8-9 Aquila verreauxii 3/25 Calidris mauri 5/37 Ammoperdix griseogularis 4/16 Ardea cinerea 1/77-78 Calidris melanotos 5/47 52

Calidris minuta 5/39-40 Chlidonias leucopterus 6/62 Cygnus olor 2/3-4 Calidris minutilla 5/44 Chlidonias niger 6/60-61 Cypsiurus parvus 8/42 Calidris pusilla 5/36 Chordeiles minor 7/45 Calidris ruficollis 5/38 Chrysococcyx caprius 8/6-7 Daption capense 1/20 Calidris subminuta 5/43 Chrysolophus amherstiae 4/30 Delichon urbica 9/92-93 Calidris temminckii 5/41-42 Chrysolophus pictus 4/28-29 Dendrocygna bicolor 2/1 Callipepla californica 4/41 Ciconia ciconia 1/96-98 Dendrocygna viduata 2/2 Calonectris diomedea 1/24 Ciconia nigra 1/94-95 Dendroica coronata 17/66 Calonectris edwardsii 1/25 Cinclus cinclus 10/7-8 Dendroica palmarum 17/67-68 Caprimulgus aegyptius 7/50 Circaetus gallicus 3/26-27 Dendroica petechia 17/63 Caprimulgus europaeus 7/46-48 Circus aeruginosus 3/37-38 Dendroica striata 17/69-70 Caprimulgus ruficollis 7/49 Circus cyaneus 3/39 Dendroica tigrina 17/65 Carduelis cabaret 16/67-68 Circus macrourus 3/42 Dendroica virens 17/64 Carduelis cannabina 16/63-64 Circus pygargus 3/40-41 Diomedea chlororhynchos 1/15 Carduelis carduelis 16/59-60 Cisticola juncidis 14/23-24 Diomedea chrysostoma 1/17 Carduelis chloris 16/57-58 Clamator glandarius 8/2-3 Diomedea exulans 1/16 Carduelis flammea 16/67-68 Clamator jacobinus 8/1 Diomedea melanophris 1/14 Carduelis flavirostris 16/65-66 Clangula hyemalis 2/52 Dolichonyx oryzivorus 17/86 Carduelis hornemanni 16/69-70 Coccothraustes coccothraustes Dryocopus martius 8/60-63 Carduelis spinus 16/61-62 16/90-91 Dumetella carolinensis 10/30-31 Carpodacus erythrinus 16/83-84 Coccothraustes vespertina 16/92 Carpodacus synoicus 16/85 Coccyzus americanus 8/14 Egretta ardesiaca 1/70 Casmerodius alba 1/75-76 Coccyzus erythrophthalmus Egretta garzetta 1/72-73 Catharus bicknelli 10/44 8/12-13 Egretta gularis 1/71 Catharus fuscescens 10/45 Colaptes auratus 8/47-48 Egretta intermedia 1/74 Catharus guttatus 10/40 Colinus virginianus 4/42 Elanus caeruleus 3/32 Catharus minimus 10/43 Columba bollii 7/59 Emberiza aureola 17/48-49 Catharus ustulatus 10/41-42 Columba junoniae 7/60 Emberiza bruniceps 17/54-55 Catoptrophorus semipalmatus Columba livia 7/51 Emberiza buchanani 17/36-37 5/79 Columba livia f. domestica Emberiza caesia 17/38-39 Centropus senegalensis 8/4-5 7/52-54 Emberiza chrysophrys 17/40-41 Cepphus grylle 6/68 Columba oenas 7/55-56 Emberiza cia 17/24-25 Cercomela familiaris 11/24 Columba palumbus 7/57-58 Emberiza cineracea 17/32-33 Cercomela melanura 11/25-26 Coracias abyssinicus 8/20 Emberiza cioides 17/23 Cercotrichas galactotes 11/1 Coracias garrulus 8/18-19 Emberiza cirlus 17/21-22 Cercotrichas podobe 11/2 Corvus albus 12/57 Emberiza citrinella 17/18-20 Certhia brachydactyla 15/48-50 Corvus corax 12/59 Emberiza hortulana 17/34-35 Certhia familiaris 15/46-47 Corvus cornix 12/56 Emberiza leucocephalos Ceryle alcyon 8/32 Corvus corone 12/56 17/16-17 Ceryle rudis 8/31 Corvus dauuricus 12/53 Emberiza melanocephala Cettia cetti 14/21-22 Corvus frugilegus 12/55 17/56-57 Charadrius alexandrinus 5/12-13 Corvus monedula 12/52 Emberiza pallasi 17/52-53 Charadrius asiaticus 5/16 Corvus rhipidurus 12/60 Emberiza pusilla 17/44-45 Charadrius dubius 5/6-7 Corvus ruficollis 12/58 Emberiza rustica 17/42-43 Charadrius hiaticula 5/8-9 Corvus splendens 12/54 Emberiza rutila 17/46-47 Charadrius leschenaultii 5/15 Coturnix coturnix 4/23-24 Emberiza sahari 17/30-31 Charadrius mongolus 5/14 Crex crex 4/59-60 Emberiza schoeniclus 17/50-51 Charadrius morinellus 5/17-18 Cuculus canorus 8/8-10 Emberiza spodocephala Charadrius pecuarius 5/10 Cuculus saturatus 8/11 17/14-15 Charadrius tricollaris 5/11 Cursorius cursor 4/94 Emberiza striolata 17/28-29 Chersophilus duponti 9/12 Cyanopica cyanus 12/40-41 Emberiza tahapisi 17/26-27 Chlamydotis macqueenii 4/81 Cyclorrhynchus psittacula 6/72 Eremalauda dunni 9/4-5 Chlamydotis undulata 4/79-80 Cygnus columbianus 2/5 Eremophila alpestris 9/37-38 Chlidonias hybridus 6/58-59 Cygnus cygnus 2/6 Eremophila bilopha 9/39-40 53

Eremopterix nigriceps 9/1-2 Grus grus 4/73-74 Lanius nubicus 12/34-35 Erithacus rubecula 11/3-5 Grus leucogeranus 4/76 Lanius pallidirostris 12/28-30 Estrilda astrild 16/27-28 Guiraca caerulea 17/83 Lanius senator 12/32-33 Estrilda melpoda 16/29 Gypaetus barbatus 3/1-2 Larus argentatus 6/35 Eurystomus glaucurus 8/21 Gyps fulvus 3/5 Larus armenicus 6/38 Gyps rueppellii 3/6 Larus atricilla 6/22 Falco biarmicus 3/68 Larus audouinii 6/31 Falco cherrug 3/69-70 Haematopus ostralegus 5/4-5 Larus cachinnans 6/36 Falco columbarius 3/64 Halcyon leucocephala 8/27 Larus canus 6/33 Falco eleonorae 3/67 Halcyon smyrnensis 8/25-26 Larus cirrocephalus 6/29 Falco naumanni 3/58 Haliaeetus albicilla 3/13-14 Larus delawarensis 6/32 Falco pelegrinoides 3/75-76 Haliaeetus leucoryphus 3/12 Larus fuscus 6/34 Falco peregrinus 3/73-74 Haliaeetus vocifer 3/11 Larus genei 6/30 Falco rusticolus 3/71-72 Hieraaetus fasciatus 3/29-30 Larus glaucoides 6/39 Falco sparverius 3/61 Hieraaetus pennatus 3/28 Larus hyperboreus 6/40 Falco subbuteo 3/65-66 Himantopus himantopus 5/2-3 Larus ichthyaetus 6/20 Falco tinnunculus 3/59-60 Hippolais caligata 13/50 Larus leucophthalmus 6/19 Falco vespertinus 3/62-63 Hippolais icterina 13/55-56 Larus marinus 6/41 Ficedula albicilla 12/7-8 Hippolais languida 13/52 Larus melanocephalus 6/21 Ficedula albicollis 12/11-12 Hippolais olivetorum 13/53-54 Larus michahellis 6/37 Ficedula hypoleuca 12/13-14 Hippolais opaca 13/48-49 Larus minutus 6/24 Ficedula parva 12/5-6 Hippolais pallida 13/46-47 Larus philadelphia 6/26 Ficedula semitorquata 12/9-10 Hippolais polyglotta 13/57-58 Larus pipixcan 6/23 Francolinus bicalcaratus 4/19-20 Hippolais rama 13/51 Larus ridibundus 6/27-28 Francolinus francolinus 4/18 Hirundapus caudacutus 8/33 Larus sabini 6/25 Fratercula arctica 6/73 Hirundo aethiopica 9/86-87 Leptoptilos crumeniferus 1/99 Fregata magnificens 1/46 Hirundo daurica 9/90-91 Limicola falcinellus 5/54-55 Fringilla coelebs 16/36-43 Hirundo rustica 9/84-85 Limnodromus griseus 5/57 Fringilla montifringilla 16/46-47 Hirundo smithii 9/88-89 Limnodromus scolopaceus 5/58 Fringilla teydea 16/44-45 Histrionicus histrionicus 2/51 Limosa lapponica 5/96-97 Fulica americana 4/71 Hydrobates pelagicus 1/34 Limosa limosa 5/94-95 Fulica atra 4/69-70 Hylocichla mustelina 10/38-39 Locustella certhiola 14/30 Fulica cristata 4/72 Locustella fasciolata 14/38 Fulmarus glacialis 1/19 Icterus galbula 17/89 Locustella fluviatilis 14/34-35 Irania gutturalis 11/15-16 Locustella lanceolata 14/31 Galerida cristata 9/26-27 Ixobrychus exilis 1/58 Locustella luscinioides 14/36-37 Galerida theklae 9/28-29 Ixobrychus minutus 1/59-60 Locustella naevia 14/32-33 Gallinago gallinago 6/3-5 Ixobrychus sturmii 1/61 Lonchura cantans 16/34-35 Gallinago media 6/6 Lophodytes cucullatus 2/59 Gallinago megala 6/9-10 Junco hyemalis 17/8-9 Loxia curvirostra 16/73-74 Gallinago stenura 6/7-8 Jynx torquilla 8/45-46 Loxia leucoptera 16/71-72 Gallinula angulata 4/64 Loxia pytyopsittacus 16/76-77 Gallinula chloropus 4/62-63 Ketupa zeylonensis 7/10 Loxia scotica 16/75 Garrulus glandarius 12/37-38 Lullula arborea 9/30-31 Gavia adamsii 1/4 Lagonostica senegala 16/25-26 Luscinia calliope 11/10 Gavia arctica 1/2 Lagopus lagopus 4/33 Luscinia luscinia 11/6-7 Gavia immer 1/3 Lagopus mutus 4/34 Luscinia megarhynchos 11/8-9 Gavia stellata 1/1 Lanius collurio 12/20-22 Luscinia svecica 11/11-12 Geothlypis trichas 17/74-75 Lanius cristatus 12/16-17 Lymnocryptes minimus 6/1-2 Geronticus eremita 1/87 Lanius excubitor 12/25-27 Glareola nordmanni 4/92 Lanius excubitorius 12/31 Marmaronetta angustirostris Glareola pratincola 4/91 Lanius isabellinus 12/18-19 2/39 Glaucidium passerinum 7/16-18 Lanius meridionalis 12/28-30 Melanitta fusca 2/55 Grus canadensis 4/75 Lanius minor 12/23-24 Melanitta nigra 2/53 54

Melanitta perspicillata 2/54 Oenanthe chrysopygia 11/54 Petronia brachydactyla 16/14 Melanocorypha bimaculata 9/17 Oenanthe cypriaca 11/45-46 Petronia petronia 16/16-18 Melanocorypha calandra 9/15-16 Oenanthe deserti 11/49 Petronia xanthocollis 16/15 Melanocorypha leucoptera Oenanthe finschii 11/50-51 Phaethon aethereus 1/45 9/18-19 Oenanthe halophila 11/56-57 Phalacrocorax africanus 1/54 Melanocorypha yeltoniensis Oenanthe hispanica 11/47-48 Phalacrocorax aristotelis 1/51-52 9/20-21 Oenanthe isabellina 11/37-38 Phalacrocorax carbo 1/49-50 Melierax metabates 3/49-50 Oenanthe leucopyga 11/58-59 Phalacrocorax pygmeus 1/53 Melospiza melodia 17/4 Oenanthe leucura 11/60-61 Phalaropus fulicarius 5/85-86 Mergellus albellus 2/60 Oenanthe lugens 11/55 Phalaropus lobatus 5/83-84 Mergus merganser 2/62 Oenanthe melanoleuca 11/47-48 Phalaropus tricolor 5/82 Mergus serrator 2/61 Oenanthe moesta 11/52-53 Phasianus colchicus 4/26-27 Merops apiaster 8/24 Oenanthe oenanthe 11/39-40 Pheucticus ludovicianus Merops orientalis 8/22 Oenanthe pleschanka 11/43-44 17/81-82 Merops persicus 8/23 Oenanthe seebohmi 11/41-42 Philomachus pugnax 5/56 Micronisus gabar 3/51 Oenanthe xanthoprymna 11/54 Phoebetria palpebrata 1/18 Miliaria calandra 17/58-59 Onychognathus tristramii 10/19 Phoenicopterus minor 1/84 Milvus migrans 3/35-36 Oriolus oriolus 12/61-63 Phoenicopterus ruber 1/83 Milvus milvus 3/33-34 Otis tarda 4/83-84 Phoenicurus erythronotus 11/17 Mirafra cordofanica 9/3 Otus scops 7/4-6 Phoenicurus moussieri 11/22-23 Mniotilta varia 17/60 Oxyura jamaicensis 2/63 Phoenicurus ochruros 11/18-19 Monticola saxatilis 10/32-33 Oxyura leucocephala 2/64 Phoenicurus phoenicurus Monticola solitarius 10/34-35 11/20-21 Montifringilla nivalis 16/19-21 Pagophila eburnea 6/44 Phylloscopus bonelli 14/57-58 Morus bassanus 1/39-40 Pandion haliaetus 3/10 Phylloscopus borealis 14/45-46 Morus capensis 1/38 Panurus biarmicus 13/5 Phylloscopus brehmii 14/67-68 Motacilla aguimp 9/72-73 Parula americana 17/62 Phylloscopus canariensis Motacilla alba 9/70-71 Parus ater 15/16-17 14/69-70 Motacilla cinerea 9/68-69 Parus caeruleus 15/18-21 Phylloscopus collybita 14/65-66 Motacilla citreola 9/66-67 Parus cinctus 15/12-13 Phylloscopus coronatus Motacilla flava 9/64-65 Parus cristatus 15/14-15 14/39-40 Muscicapa dauurica 12/1-2 Parus cyanus 15/24-25 Phylloscopus fuscatus 14/55-56 Muscicapa striata 12/3-4 Parus lugubris 15/7-8 Phylloscopus humei 14/51-52 Mycteria ibis 1/92-93 Parus major 15/26-28 Phylloscopus inornatus 14/49-50 Myrmecocichla aethiopis Parus montanus 15/9-11 Phylloscopus neglectus 11/35-36 Parus palustris 15/5-6 14/63-64 Parus teneriffae 15/22-23 Phylloscopus nitidus 14/44 Nectarinia osea 13/3-4 Passer domesticus 16/1-3 Phylloscopus orientalis 14/59-60 Neophron percnopterus 3/3-4 Passer hispaniolensis 16/4-5 Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus Netta rufina 2/40 Passer iagoensis 16/8 14/43 Nucifraga caryocatactes Passer luteus 16/12-13 Phylloscopus proregulus 12/47-48 Passer moabiticus 16/6-7 14/47-48 Numenius arquata 5/91-93 Passer montanus 16/10-11 Phylloscopus schwarzi 14/53-54 Numenius minutus 5/87 Passer simplex 16/9 Phylloscopus sibilatrix 14/61-62 Numenius phaeopus 5/88-89 Passerella iliaca 17/3 Phylloscopus sindianus 14/71-72 Numenius tenuirostris 5/90 Passerina ciris 17/85 Phylloscopus tristis 14/73-74 Numida meleagris 4/39-40 Passerina cyanea 17/84 Phylloscopus trochiloides Nyctea scandiaca 7/11-13 Pelagodroma marina 1/33 14/41-42 Nycticorax nycticorax 1/62-63 Pelecanus crispus 1/43 Phylloscopus trochilus 14/75-77 Pelecanus onocrotalus 1/41-42 Pica pica 12/42-46 Oceanites oceanicus 1/32 Pelecanus rufescens 1/44 Picoides leucotos 8/75-77 Oceanodroma castro 1/36 Perdix perdix 4/21-22 Picoides major 8/66-68 Oceanodroma leucorhoa 1/35 Perisoreus infaustus 12/39 Picoides medius 8/71-74 Oena capensis 7/68 Pernis apivorus 3/48 Picoides minor 8/78-81 55

Picoides syriacus 8/69-70 Puffinus griseus 1/27 Somateria spectabilis 2/49 Picoides tridactylus 8/82-84 Puffinus mauretanicus 1/30 Sphyrapicus varius 8/64-65 Picus canus 8/49-52 Puffinus puffinus 1/28 Spiloptila clamans 14/29 Picus sharpei 8/56 Puffinus yelkouan 1/29 Stercorarius longicaudus 6/17 Picus vaillantii 8/57-59 Pycnonotus barbatus 10/3-4 Stercorarius parasiticus 6/15-16 Picus viridis 8/53-55 Pycnonotus xanthopygos 10/1-2 Stercorarius pomarinus 6/14 Pinicola enucleator 16/86-87 Pyrrhocorax graculus 12/49 Stercorarius skua 6/18 Pipilo erythrophthalmus 17/1-2 Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Sterna albifrons 6/57 Piranga olivacea 17/79-80 12/50-51 Sterna anaethetus 6/55 Piranga rubra 17/77-78 Pyrrhula pyrrhula 16/88-89 Sterna bengalensis 6/48 Platalea alba 1/91 Sterna caspia 6/46 Platalea leucorodia 1/89-90 Quelea quelea 16/24 Sterna dougallii 6/50 Plectrophenax nivalis 17/12-13 Sterna forsteri 6/54 Plectropterus gambensis 2/21 Rallus aquaticus 4/44-46 Sterna fuscata 6/56 Plegadis falcinellus 1/85-86 Ramphocoris clotbey 9/13-14 Sterna hirundo 6/51-52 Ploceus cucullatus 16/23 Recurvirostra avosetta 5/1 Sterna maxima 6/47 Ploceus manyar 16/22 Regulus ignicapillus 15/54-55 Sterna nilotica 6/45 Pluvialis apricaria 5/21-22 Regulus madeirensis 15/54-55 Sterna paradisaea 6/53 Pluvialis dominica 5/19 Regulus regulus 15/51-52 Sterna sandvicensis 6/49 Pluvialis fulva 5/20 Regulus teneriffae 15/53 Streptopelia decaocto 7/63-64 Pluvialis squatarola 5/23 Remiz pendulinus 15/3-4 Streptopelia orientalis 7/66 Pluvianus aegyptius 4/93 Rhodopechys sanguinea Streptopelia roseogrisea 7/61-62 Podiceps auritus 1/12 16/78-79 Streptopelia senegalensis 7/67 Podiceps cristatus 1/8-9 Rhodospiza obsoleta 16/80 Streptopelia turtur 7/65 Podiceps grisegena 1/10-11 Rhodostethia rosea 6/42 Strix aluco 7/22-26 Podiceps nigricollis 1/13 Riparia cincta 9/78-79 Strix butleri 7/27 Podilymbus podiceps 1/5 Riparia paludicola 9/74-75 Strix nebulosa 7/31-33 Polysticta stelleri 2/50 Riparia riparia 9/76-77 Strix uralensis 7/28-30 Porphyrio porphyrio 4/67-68 Rissa tridactyla 6/43 Struthio camelus 4/85-86 Porphyrula alleni 4/65 Rostratula bengalensis 6/13 Sturnus roseus 10/26 Porphyrula martinica 4/66 Rynchops flavirostris 6/64 Sturnus unicolor 10/23-25 Porzana carolina 4/50-51 Sturnus vulgaris 10/20-22 Porzana marginalis 4/57-58 Saxicola dacotiae 11/29-30 Sula leucogaster 1/37 Porzana parva 4/52-53 Saxicola maura 11/33-34 Surnia ulula 7/14-15 Porzana porzana 4/47-49 Saxicola rubetra 11/27-28 Sylvia althaea 13/36-37 Porzana pusilla 4/54-56 Saxicola rubicola 11/31-32 Sylvia atricapilla 13/43-45 Prinia gracilis 14/25-26 Scolopax rusticola 6/11-12 Sylvia balearica 13/9-10 Prunella atrogularis 10/15 Scotocerca inquieta 14/27-28 Sylvia borin 13/40-42 Prunella collaris 10/16-18 Seiurus aurocapillus 17/72 Sylvia cantillans 13/17-18 Prunella modularis 10/12-13 Seiurus noveboracensis 17/73 Sylvia communis 13/38-39 Prunella montanella 10/14 Serinus canaria 16/53-54 Sylvia conspicillata 13/15-16 Psittacula krameri 8/44 Serinus citrinella 16/55-56 Sylvia crassirostris 13/32-33 Pterocles alchata 4/6 Serinus pusillus 16/48 Sylvia curruca 13/36-37 Pterocles coronatus 4/2 Serinus serinus 16/49-50 Sylvia derserticola 13/13-14 Pterocles exustus 4/4 Serinus syriacus 16/51-52 Sylvia deserti 13/26-27 Pterocles lichtensteinii 4/1 Setophaga ruticilla 17/71 Sylvia hortensis 13/30-31 Pterocles orientalis 4/5 Sitta canadensis 15/35-36 Sylvia leucomelaena 13/28-29 Pterocles senegallus 4/3 Sitta europaea 15/37-39 Sylvia melanocephala 13/20-21 Pterodroma feae 1/21 Sitta krueperi 15/29-30 Sylvia melanothorax 13/22-23 Pterodroma madeira 1/22 Sitta ledanti 15/33-34 Sylvia minula 13/36-37 Ptyonoprogne fuligula 9/80-81 Sitta neumayer 15/42-43 Sylvia mystacea 13/19 Ptyonoprogne rupestris 9/82-83 Sitta tephronota 15/40-41 Sylvia nana 13/26-27 Puffinus assimilis 1/31 Sitta whiteheadi 15/31-32 Sylvia nisoria 13/34-35 Puffinus gravis 1/26 Somateria mollissima 2/47-48 Sylvia rueppelli 13/24-25 56

Ant Chat 11/35-36 Sylvia sarda 13/9-10 Vanellus gregarius 5/28 Aquatic Warbler 14/3-4 Sylvia undata 13/11-12 Vanellus indicus 5/27 Arabian Babbler 13/6 Syrmaticus reevesii 4/25 Vanellus leucurus 5/29 Arabian Bustard 4/82 Syrrhaptes paradoxus 4/7 Vanellus spinosus 5/24-25 Arabian Warbler 13/28-29 Vanellus tectus 5/26 Arctic Diver 1/2 Tachybaptus ruficollis 1/6-7 Vanellus vanellus 5/30-31 Arctic Redpoll 16/69-70 Tadorna ferruginea 2/19 Vermivora peregrina 17/61 Arctic Skua 6/15-16 Tadorna tadorna 2/20 Vireo olivaceus 12/36 Arctic Tern 6/53 Tarsiger cyanurus 11/13-14 Arctic Warbler 14/45-46 Tchagra senegala 12/15 Wilsonia citrina 17/76 Armenian Gull 6/38 Terathopius ecaudatus 3/31 Audouin’s Gull 6/31 Tetrao tetrix 4/35-36 Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus Avocet 5/1 Tetrao urogallus 4/37-38 17/87-88 Azure Tit 15/24-25 Tetrax tetrax 4/78 Xenus cinereus 5/74-75 Azure-winged Magpie 12/40-41 Threskiornis aethiopicus 1/88 Tichodroma muraria 15/44-45 Zonotrichia albicollis 17/7 Baikal Teal 2/28 Torgos tracheliotus 3/7 Zonotrichia leucophrys 17/5-6 Baillon’s Crake 4/54-56 Toxostoma rufum 10/28-29 Zoothera dauma 10/36 Baird’s Sandpiper 5/46 Tringa erythropus 5/60 Zoothera sibirica 10/37 Bald Ibis 1/87 Tringa flavipes 5/68 Balearic Shearwater 1/30 Tringa glareola 5/72-73 Balearic Warbler 13/9-10 Tringa melanoleuca 5/67 Baltimore Oriole 17/89 Tringa nebularia 5/65-66 Banded Martin 9/78-79 Tringa ochropus 5/70-71 Barbary Falcon 3/75-76 Tringa solitaria 5/69 Registry of the Barbary Partridge 4/14-15 Tringa stagnatilis 5/63-64 English species’ Bar-headed Goose 2/12 Tringa totanus 5/61-62 names Barn Owl 7/1-3 Troglodytes troglodytes 10/9-11 Barnacle Goose 2/15 Turdoides fulvus 13/7-8 Barred Warbler 13/34-35 Turdoides squamiceps 13/6 Abyssinian Roller 8/20 Barrow’s Goldeneye 2/57 Turdus atrogularis 10/61-62 African Collared-Dove 7/61-62 Bar-tailed Desert Lark 9/6-7 Turdus eunomus 10/59-60 African Darter 1/47-48 Bar-tailed Godwit 5/96-97 Turdus iliacus 10/67-68 African Desert Warbler 13/26-27 Bateleur 3/31 Turdus merula 10/50-54 African Fish-Eagle 3/11 Bean Goose 2/7 Turdus migratorius 10/71-72 African Pied-Wagtail 9/72-73 Bearded Tit 13/5 Turdus naumanni 10/57-58 African Rock Martin 9/80-81 Bearded Vulture 3/1-2 Turdus obscurus 10/55-56 African Silverbill 16/34-35 Bee-eater 8/24 Turdus philomelos 10/65-66 African Skimmer 6/64 Belted Kingfisher 8/32 Turdus pilaris 10/63-64 African Spoonbill 1/91 Berthelot’s Pipit 9/47-48 Turdus ruficollis 10/61-62 Algerian Nuthatch 15/33-34 Bicknell’s Thrush 10/44 Turdus torquatus 10/48-49 Allen’s Gallinule 4/65 Bimaculated Lark 9/17 Turdus unicolor 10/46-47 Alpine Accentor 10/16-18 Black Bush Robin 11/2 Turdus viscivorus 10/69-70 Alpine Chough 12/49 Black Crake 4/61 Turnix sylvatica 4/43 Alpine Swift 8/39 Black Duck 2/33 Tyto alba 7/1-3 American Bittern 1/57 Black Francolin 4/18 American Coot 4/71 Black Grouse 4/35-36 Upupa epops 8/15-17 American Golden-Plover 5/19 Black Guillemot 6/68 Uraeginthus bengalus 16/30-31 American Kestrel 3/61 Black Heron 1/70 Uria aalge 6/65 American Purple Gallinule 4/66 Black Kite 3/35-36 Uria lomvia 6/66 American Redstart 17/71 Black Lark 9/20-21 Urocolius macrourus 8/43 American Robin 10/71-72 Black Redstart 11/18-19 American Wigeon 2/25 Black Stork 1/94-95 Black Tern 6/60-61 57

Black Vulture 3/8-9 Brown Shrike 12/16-17 Common Eider 2/47-48 Black Wheatear 11/60-61 Brown Thrasher 10/28-29 Common Goldeneye 2/58 Black Woodpecker 8/60-63 Brown-necked Raven 12/58 Common Greenshank 5/65-66 Black-and-white Warbler 17/60 Brown-throated Sand Martin Common Gull 6/33 Black-bellied Sandgrouse 4/5 9/74-75 Common Merganser 2/62 Black-billed Cuckoo 8/12-13 Brünnich’s Guillemot 6/66 Common Myna 10/27 Blackbird 10/50-54 Bufflehead 2/56 Common Nighthawk 7/45 Black-browed Albatross 1/14 Bullfinch 16/88-89 Common Nightingale 11/8-9 Blackcap 13/43-45 Bulwer’s Petrel 1/23 Common Pochard 2/41 Black-crowned Finch Lark 9/1-2 Common Quail 4/23-24 Black-crowned Tchagra 12/15 Calandra Lark 9/15-16 Common Redshank 5/61-62 Black-eared Wheatear 11/47-48 California Quail 4/41 Common Sandpiper 5/76-77 Black-faced Bunting 17/14-15 Canada Goose 2/14 Common Scoter 2/53 Black-headed Bunting 17/56-57 Canary 16/53-54 Common Shelduck 2/20 Black-headed Gull 6/27-28 Canary Islands Chiffchaff Common Snipe 6/3-5 Black-headed Heron 1/79 14/69-70 Common Tern 6/51-52 Black-headed Plover 5/26 Canary Islands Goldcrest 15/53 Common Waxbill 16/27-28 Black-necked Grebe 1/13 Canary Islands Stonechat Common Yellowthroat 17/74-75 Blackpoll Warbler 17/69-70 11/29-30 Coot 4/69-70 Blackstart 11/25-26 Canary Islands Tit 15/22-23 Corn Bunting 17/58-59 Black-tailed Godwit 5/94-95 Cape Gannet 1/38 Corn Crake 4/59-60 Black-throated Accentor 10/15 Cape May Warbler 17/65 Corsican Nuthatch 15/31-32 Black-throated Green Warbler Cape Petrel 1/20 Cory’s Shearwater 1/24 17/64 Cape Teal 2/30 Crag-Martin 9/82-83 Black-throated Thrush 10/61-62 Cape Verde Cane Warbler Crane 4/73-74 Black-winged Kite 3/32 14/9-10 Cream-coloured Courser 4/94 Black-winged Pratincole 4/92 Cape Verde Shearwater 1/25 Crested Auklet 6/71 Black-winged Stilt 5/2-3 Carrion Crow 12/56 Crested Coot 4/72 Blue Chaffinch 16/44-45 Caspian Gull 6/36 Crested Lark 9/26-27 Blue Grosbeak 17/83 Caspian Plover 5/16 Crested Tit 15/14-15 Blue Rock Thrush 10/34-35 Caspian Tern 6/46 Cretzschmar’s Bunting 17/38-39 Blue Tit 15/18-21 Cattle Egret 1/68-69 Cricket Warbler 14/29 Blue-cheeked Bee-eater 8/23 Cetti’s Warbler 14/21-22 Crimson-winged Finch 16/78-79 Blue-naped Mousebird 8/43 Chaffinch 16/36-43 Crossbill 16/73-74 Bluethroat 11/11-12 Chestnut Bunting 17/46-47 Crowned Sandgrouse 4/2 Blue-winged Teal 2/37 Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse 4/4 Cuckoo 8/8-10 Blyth’s Pipit 9/43-44 Chiffchaff 14/65-66 Curlew 5/91-93 Blyth’s Reed-Warbler 14/8 Chough 12/50-51 Curlew Sandpiper 5/48-49 Bobolink 17/86 Chukar 4/8-9 Cyprus Warbler 13/22-23 Bolle’s Pigeon 7/59 Cinereous Bunting 17/32-33 Cyprus Wheatear 11/45-46 Bonaparte’s Gull 6/26 Cinnamon-breasted Bunting Bonelli’s Eagle 3/29-30 17/26-27 Dalmatian Pelican 1/43 Bonelli’s Warbler 14/57-58 Cirl Bunting 17/21-22 Dark Chanting-Goshawk 3/49-50 Booted Eagle 3/28 Citril Finch 16/55-56 Dark-eyed Junco 17/8-9 Booted Warbler 13/50 Citrine Wagtail 9/66-67 Dartford Warbler 13/11-12 Brambling 16/46-47 Clamorous Reed Warbler Daurian Jackdaw 12/53 Brent Goose 2/16 14/16-17 Dead Sea Sparrow 16/6-7 Bridled Tern 6/55 Coal Tit 15/16-17 Demoiselle Crane 4/77 Broad-billed Roller 8/21 Collared Flycatcher 12/11-12 Desert Finch 16/80 Broad-billed Sandpiper 5/54-55 Collared Pratincole 4/91 Desert Lark 9/8-9 Brown Booby 1/37 Collared-Dove 7/63-64 Desert Sparrow 16/9 Brown Fish Owl 7/10 Common Bulbul 10/3-4 Desert Warbler 13/26-27 Brown Flycatcher 12/1-2 Common Buzzard 3/46-47 Desert Wheatear 11/49 Brown Noddy 6/63 Common Diver 1/3 Didric Cuckoo 8/6-7 58

Dipper 10/7-8 Fulvous Whistling Duck 2/1 Grey Phalarope 5/85-86 Dotterel 5/17-18 Grey Plover 5/23 Double-spurred Francolin Gabar Goshawk 3/51 Grey Wagtail 9/68-69 4/19-20 Gadwall 2/27 Grey-backed Fiscal Shrike 12/31 Dunlin 5/52-53 Gannet 1/39-40 Grey-headed Gull 6/29 Dunn’s Lark 9/4-5 Garden Warbler 13/40-42 Grey-headed Kingfisher 8/27 Dunnock 10/12-13 Garganey 2/36 Grey-headed Woodpecker Dupont’s Lark 9/12 Glaucous Gull 6/40 8/49-52 Dusky Thrush 10/59-60 Glossy Ibis 1/85-86 Greylag Goose 2/11 Dusky Warbler 14/55-56 Goldcrest 15/51-52 Grey-necked Bunting 17/36-37 Dwarf Bittern 1/61 Golden Eagle 3/15-16 Griffon Vulture 3/5 Golden Pheasant 4/28-29 Guillemot 6/65 Eagle Owl 7/7-9 Golden-Oriole 12/61-63 Gull-billed Tern 6/45 Eastern Black-eared Wheatear Goldfinch 16/59-60 Gyrfalcon 3/71-72 11/47-48 Goliath Heron 1/82 Eastern Bonelli’s Warbler Graceful Prinia 14/25-26 Harlequin 2/51 14/59-60 Grasshopper Warbler 14/32-33 Hawfinch 16/90-91 Eastern Crowned Leaf Warbler Gray Partridge 4/21-22 Hawk Owl 7/14-15 14/39-40 Gray’s Grasshopper Warbler Hazel Grouse 4/31-32 Eastern Orphean Warbler 14/38 Helmeted Guineafowl 4/39-40 13/32-33 Gray-cheeked Thrush 10/43 Hermit Thrush 10/40 Eastern Rock Nuthatch 15/40-41 Gray-headed Albatross 1/17 Herring Gull 6/35 Egyptian Goose 2/18 Great Bittern 1/55-56 Hobby 3/65-66 Egyptian Nightjar 7/50 Great Black-backed Gull 6/41 Hooded Crow 12/56 Egyptian Plover 4/93 Great Black-headed Gull 6/20 Hooded Merganser 2/59 Egyptian Vulture 3/3-4 Great Bustard 4/83-84 Hooded Warbler 17/76 Eleonora’s Falcon 3/67 Great Cormorant 1/49-50 Hoopoe 8/15-17 Ethiopian Swallow 9/86-87 Great Crested Grebe 1/8-9 Hoopoe Lark 9/10-11 Eurasian Capercaillie 4/37-38 Great Grey Owl 7/31-33 Houbara Bustard 4/79-80 Eurasian Kestrel 3/59-60 Great Grey Shrike 12/25-27 House Bunting 17/28-31 Eurasian Sparrowhawk 3/54-55 Great Reed Warbler 14/18-19 House Crow 12/54 Eurasian Spoonbill 1/89-90 Great Skua 6/18 House Martin 9/92-93 Eurasian Wigeon 2/24 Great Snipe 6/6 House Sparrow 16/1-3 Eurasian Woodcock 6/11-12 Great Spotted Cuckoo 8/2-3 Hume’s Leaf Warbler 14/51-52 European Golden-Plover 5/21-22 Great Spotted Woodpecker Hume’s Owl 7/27 European Honey-Buzzard 3/48 8/66-68 Hume’s Whitethroat 13/36-37 Evening Grosbeak 16/92 Great Tit 15/26-28 Hybrid Rock Partridge/ Evermann’s Redstart 11/17 Great White Egret 1/75-76 Red-legged Partridge 4/13 Eyebrowed Thrush 10/55-56 Greater Flamingo 1/83 Greater Painted-Snipe 6/13 Iago Sparrow 16/8 Falcated Duck 2/26 Greater Sand Plover 5/15 Iberian Chiffchaff 14/67-68 Familiar Chat 11/24 Greater Shearwater 1/26 Iberian Green Woodpecker 8/56 Fan-tailed Raven 12/60 Greater White-fronted Goose 2/9 Iceland Gull 6/39 Fan-tailed Warbler 14/23-24 Greater Yellowlegs 5/67 Icterine Warbler 13/55-56 Fea’s Petrel 1/21 Green Heron 1/65 Imperial Eagle 3/17-18 Feral Pigeon 7/52-54 Green Sandpiper 5/70-71 Indigo Bunting 17/84 Ferruginous Pochard 2/44 Green Warbler 14/44 Intermediate Egret 1/74 Fieldfare 10/63-64 Green Woodpecker 8/53-55 Isabelline Wheatear 11/37-38 Finsch’s Wheatear 11/50-51 Green-backed Heron 1/64 Isabelline Shrike 12/18-19 Firecrest 15/54-55 Greenfinch 16/57-58 Ivory Gull 6/44 Forster’s Tern 6/54 Greenish Warbler 14/41-42 Fox Sparrow 17/3 Green-winged Teal 2/29 Franklin’s Gull 6/23 Grey Catbird 10/30-31 Fulvous Babbler 13/7-8 Grey Heron 1/77-78 59

Jack Snipe 6/1-2 Little Green Bee-eater 8/22 Namaqua Dove 7/68 Jackdaw 12/52 Little Gull 6/24 Naumann’s Thrush 10/57-58 Jacobin Cuckoo 8/1 Little Owl 7/19-21 Needle-tailed Swift 8/33 Jay 12/37-38 Little Ringed Plover 5/6-7 Night-Heron 1/62-63 Little Shearwater 1/31 Nightjar 7/46-48 King Eider 2/49 Little Stint 5/39-40 Nile Valley Sunbird 13/1-2 Kingfisher 8/28-30 Little Swift 8/41 Northern Bobwhite 4/42 Kittiwake 6/43 Little Tern 6/57 Northern Flicker 8/47-48 Kittlitz’s Plover 5/10 Little Whimbrel 5/87 Northern Fulmar 1/19 Knot 5/32-33 Long-billed Dowitcher 5/58 Northern Goshawk 3/52-53 Kordofan Bush Lark 9/3 Long-billed Pipit 9/49-50 Northern Harrier 3/39 Krueper’s Nuthatch 15/29-30 Long-eared Owl 7/34-36 Northern Parula 17/62 Long-legged Buzzard 3/43-44 Northern Pintail 2/34 Lady Amherst’s Pheasant 4/30 Long-tailed Cormorant 1/54 Northern Shoveler 2/38 Lanceolated Warbler 14/31 Long-tailed Duck 2/52 Northern Waterthrush 17/73 Lanner Falcon 3/68 Long-tailed Skua 6/17 Nutcracker 12/47-48 Lapland Bunting 17/10-11 Long-tailed Tit 15/1-2 Nuthatch 15/37-39 Lappet-faced Vulture 3/7 Long-toed Stint 5/43 Lapwing 5/30-31 Olivaceous Warbler 13/46-47 Laughing Dove 7/67 Madeira Firecrest 15/54-55 Olive-backed Pipit 9/51-52 Laughing Gull 6/22 Madeiran Storm-Petrel 1/36 Olive-tree Warbler 13/53-54 Laurel Pigeon 7/60 Magnificent Frigatebird 1/46 Orange-cheeked Waxbill 16/29 Leach’s Storm-Petrel 1/35 Magpie 12/42-46 Oriental Cuckoo 8/11 Least Bittern 1/58 Mallard 2/31-32 Orphean Warbler 13/30-31 Least Sandpiper 5/44 Mandarin Duck 2/23 Ortolan Bunting 17/34-35 Lesser Black-backed Gull 6/34 Manx Shearwater 1/28 Osprey 3/10 Lesser Crested Tern 6/48 Marabou Stork 1/99 Ostrich 4/85-86 Lesser Flamingo 1/84 Marbled Teal 2/39 Ovenbird 17/72 Lesser Grey Shrike 12/23-24 Marmora’s Warbler 13/9-10 Oystercatcher 5/4-5 Lesser Kestrel 3/58 Marsh Owl 7/40-41 Lesser Moorhen 4/64 Marsh Sandpiper 5/63-64 Pacfic Swift 8/38 Lesser Redpoll 16/67-68 Marsh Tit 15/5-6 Pacific Golden-Plover 5/20 Lesser Sand Plover 5/14 Marsh Warbler 14/11-12 Paddyfield Warbler 14/7 Lesser Short-toed Lark 9/24-25 Masked Shrike 12/34-35 Painted Bunting 17/85 Lesser Spotted Eagle 3/21 McQueen’s Bustard 4/81 Pale Rock Sparrow 16/14 Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Meadow Bunting 17/23 Palestine Sunbird 13/3-4 8/78-81 Meadow Pipit 9/56-57 Pallas’s Warbler 14/47-48 Lesser White-fronted Goose 2/10 Mealy Redpoll 16/67-68 Pallas’ Bunting 17/52-53 Lesser Whitethroat 13/36-37 Mediterranean Gull 6/21 Pallas’ Fish-Eagle 3/12 Lesser Yellowlegs 5/68 Mediterranean Yellow-legged Pallas’ Grasshopper Warbler Levaillant’s Green Woodpecker Gull 6/37 14/30 8/57-59 Melodious Warbler 13/57-58 Pallas’ Sandgrouse 4/7 Levant Sparrowhawk 3/57 Ménétries’s Warbler 13/19 Pallid Harrier 3/42 Lichtenstein’s Sandgrouse 4/1 Merlin 3/64 Pallid Swift 8/37 Light-mantled Sooty Albatross Middle Spotted Woodpecker Palm Warbler 17/67-68 1/18 8/71-74 Palm-Swift 8/42 Linnet 16/63-64 Mistle Thrush 10/69-70 Parakeet Auklet 6/72 Little Auk 6/69-70 Montagu’s Harrier 3/40-41 Parrot Crossbill 16/76-77 Little Bittern 1/59-60 Moorhen 4/62-63 Pechora Pipit 9/55 Little Bunting 17/44-45 Mountain Chiffchaff 14/71-72 Pectoral Sandpiper 5/47 Little Bustard 4/78 Mourning Wheatear 11/55 Penduline-Tit 15/3-4 Little Crake 4/52-53 Moussier’s Redstart 11/22-23 Peregrine Falcon 3/73-74 Little Egret 1/72-73 Moustached Warbler 14/1-2 Pied Crow 12/57 Little Grebe 1/6-7 Mute Swan 2/3-4 Pied Flycatcher 12/13-14 60

Pied Kingfisher 8/31 Red-throated Thrush 10/61-62 Scarlet Tanager 17/79-80 Pied Wheatear 11/43-44 Red-wattled Plover 5/27 Scaup 2/46 Pied-billed Grebe 1/5 Redwing 10/67-68 Scops Owl 7/4-6 Pine Bunting 17/16-17 Reed Bunting 17/50-51 Scottish Crossbill 16/75 Pine Grosbeak 16/86-87 Reed Warbler 14/13-15 Scrub-Warbler 14/27-28 Pink-backed Pelican 1/44 Reeves’ Pheasant 4/25 Sedge Warbler 14/5-6 Pink-footed Goose 2/8 Richard’s Pipit 9/41-42 Seebohm’s Wheatear 11/41-42 Pintail Snipe 6/7-8 Ring Ouzel 10/48-49 See-see Partridge 4/16 Pin-tailed Sandgrouse 4/6 Ring-billed Gull 6/32 Semicollared Flycatcher 12/9-10 Plain Willow Warbler 14/63-64 Ringed Plover 5/8-9 Semipalmated Sandpiper 5/36 Pomarine Skua 6/14 Ring-necked Duck 2/43 Senegal Coucal 8/4-5 Puffin 6/73 Ring-necked Pheasant 4/26-27 Senegal Thick-knee 4/89-90 Purple Heron 1/80-81 River Warbler 14/34-35 Serin 16/49-50 Purple Sandpiper 5/50-51 Robin 11/3-5 Shag 1/51-52 Purple Swamphen 4/67-68 Rock Sparrow 16/16-18 Shikra 3/56 Pygmy Cormorant 1/53 Rock Bunting 17/24-25 Shore Lark 9/37-38 Pygmy Sunbird 13/1-2 Rock Dove 7/51 Short-billed Dowitcher 5/57 Pygmy Owl 7/16-18 Rock Nuthatch 15/42-43 Short-eared Owl 7/37-39 Rock Partridge 4/10 Short-toed Eagle 3/26-27 Radde’s Warbler 14/53-54 Rock Pipit 9/60-61 Short-toed Lark 9/22-23 Raven 12/59 Rock Ptarmigan 4/34 Short-toed Treecreeper 15/48-50 Razo Lark 9/35-36 Rock-Thrush 10/32-33 Siberian Accentor 10/14 Razorbill 6/67 Roller 8/18-19 Siberian Chiffchaff 14/73-74 Red Avadavat 16/32-33 Rook 12/55 Siberian Jay 12/39 Red Kite 3/33-34 Roseate Tern 6/50 Siberian Rubythroat 11/10 Red-backed Shrike 12/20-22 Rose-breasted Grosbeak Siberian Stonechat 11/33-34 Red-billed Duck 2/35 17/81-82 Siberian Thrush 10/37 Red-billed Firefinch 16/25-26 Rose-coloured Starling 10/26 Siberian Tit 15/12-13 Red-billed Quelea 16/24 Rose-ringed Parakeet 8/44 Siberian White Crane 4/76 Red-billed Tropicbird 1/45 Ross’ Gull 6/42 Sinai Rosefinch 16/85 Red-breasted Flycatcher 12/5-6 Rough-legged Hawk 3/45 Siskin 16/61-62 Red-breasted Goose 2/17 Royal Tern 6/47 Skylark 9/33-34 Red-breasted Merganser 2/61 Ruddy Duck 2/63 Slavonian Grebe 1/12 Red-breasted Nuthatch 15/35-36 Ruddy Shelduck 2/19 Slender-billed Curlew 5/90 Red-cheeked Cordonbleu Rueppel’s Griffon 3/6 Slender-billed Gull 6/30 16/30-31 Rueppell’s Warbler Small Buttonquail 4/43 Red-crested Pochard 2/40 13/24-25 Small Whitethroat 13/36-37 Red-eyed Vireo 12/36 Ruff 5/56 Small Skylark 9/32 Red-flanked Bluetail 11/13-14 Rufous-sided Towhee 17/1-2 Smew 2/60 Red-footed Falcon 3/62-63 Rufous-tailed Bush Robin 11/1 Snow Bunting 17/12-13 Red-fronted Serin 16/48 Rufous Turtle Dove 7/66 Snow Finch 16/19-21 Redhead 2/42 Rustic Bunting 17/42-43 Snow Goose 2/13 Red-headed Bunting 17/54-55 Snowy Owl 7/11-13 Red-legged Partridge 4/11-12 Sabine’s Gull 6/25 Snowy Plover 5/12-13 Red-necked Grebe 1/10-11 Sacred Ibis 1/88 Sociable Plover 5/28 Red-necked Nightjar 7/49 Saker Falcon 3/69-70 Solitary Sandpiper 5/69 Red-necked Phalarope 5/83-84 Sand Martin 9/76-77 Sombre Tit 15/7-8 Red-necked Stint 5/38 Sand Partridge 4/17 Song Sparrow 17/4 Red-rumped Swallow 9/90-91 Sanderling 5/34-35 Song Thrush 10/65-66 Red-rumped Wheatear 11/52-53 Sandhill Crane 4/75 Sooty Shearwater 1/27 Redstart 11/20-21 Sandwich Tern 6/49 Sooty Tern 6/56 Red-tailed Wheatear 11/54 Sardinian Warbler 13/20-21 Sora 4/50-51 Red-throated Diver 1/1 Savi’s Warbler 14/36-37 Southern Grey Shrike 12/28-30 Red-throated Pipit 9/58-59 Scarlet Rosefinch 16/83-84 Spanish Imperial Eagle 3/19-20 61

Spanish Sparrow 16/4-5 Tristram’s Warbler 13/13-14 White-tailed Plover 5/29 Spectacled Warbler 13/15-16 Trumpeter Finch 16/81-82 Whitethroat 13/38-39 Spotless Starling 10/23-25 Tufted Duck 2/45 White-throated Robin 11/15-16 Spotted Crake 4/47-49 Turnstone 5/80-81 White-throated Sparrow 17/7 Spotted Eagle 3/22 Turtle Dove 7/65 White-winged Black Tern 6/62 Spotted Flycatcher 12/3-4 Twite 16/65-66 White-winged Lark 9/18-19 Spotted Redshank 5/60 Two-barred Crossbill 16/71-72 Whooper Swan 2/6 Spotted Sandgrouse 4/3 Two-barred Greenish Warbler Willet 5/79 Spotted Sandpiper 5/78 14/43 Willow Ptarmigan 4/33 Spur-winged Goose 2/21 Willow Tit 15/9-11 Spur-winged Plover 5/24-25 Upcher’s Warbler 13/52 Willow Warbler 14/75-76 Squacco Heron 1/66-67 Upland Sandpiper 5/59 Wilson’s Phalarope 5/82 Starling 10/20-22 Ural Owl 7/28-30 Wilson’s Storm-Petrel 1/32 Steller’s Eider 2/50 Wire-tailed Swallow 9/88-89 Steppe Eagle 3/23 Veery 10/45 Wood Duck 2/22 Steppe Grey Shrike 12/28-30 Velvet Scoter 2/55 Wood Sandpiper 5/72-73 Stock Dove 7/55-56 Verreaux’s Eagle 3/25 Wood Thrush 10/38-39 Stone Curlew 4/87-88 Village Weaver 16/23 Wood Warbler 14/61-62 Stonechat 11/31-32 Woodchat Shrike 12/32-33 Storm-Petrel 1/34 Wallcreeper 15/44-45 Woodlark 9/30-31 Streaked Weaver 16/22 Wandering Albatross 1/16 Woodpigeon 7/57-58 Striped Crake 4/57-58 Water Pipit 9/62-63 Wren 10/9-11 Subalpine Warbler 13/17-18 Water Rail 4/44-46 Wryneck 8/45-46 Sudan Golden Sparrow 16/12-13 Waxwing 10/5-6 Summer Tanager 17/77-78 Western Marsh-Harrier 3/37-38 Yelkouan Shearwater 1/29 Surf Scoter 2/54 Western Mourning Wheatear Yellow Wagtail 9/64-65 Swainson’s Thrush 10/41-42 11/56-57 Yellow Warbler 17/63 Swallow 9/84-85 Western Olivaceous Warbler Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Swift 8/34-36 13/48-49 8/64-65 Swinhoe’s Snipe 6/9-10 Western Reef-Heron 1/71 Yellow-billed Cuckoo 8/14 Sykes’ Warbler 13/51 Western Sandpiper 5/37 Yellow-billed Diver 1/4 Syrian Serin 16/51-52 Wheatear 11/39-40 Yellow-billed Stork 1/92-93 Syrian Woodpecker 8/69-70 Whimbrel 5/88-89 Yellow-breasted Bunting Whinchat 11/27-28 17/48-49 Taiga Flycatcher 12/7-8 Whiskered Tern 6/58-59 Yellow-browed Bunting 17/40-41 Tawny Eagle 3/24 Whistling Swan 2/5 Yellow-browed Warbler 14/49-50 Tawny Owl 7/22-26 White Pelican 1/41-42 Yellowhammer 17/18-20 Tawny Pipit 9/45-46 White Stork 1/96-98 Yellow-headed Blackbird Temminck’s Horned Lark 9/39-40 White Wagtail 9/70-71 17/87-88 Temminck’s Stint 5/41-42 White’s Thrush 10/36 Yellow-nosed Albatross 1/15 Tengmalm’s Owl 7/42-44 White-backed Woodpecker Yellow-rumped Warbler 17/66 Tennessee Warbler 17/61 8/75-77 Yellow-throated Sparrow 16/15 Terek Sandpiper 5/74-75 White-breasted Kingfisher Yellow-vented Bulbul 10/1-2 Thekla Lark 9/28-29 8/25-26 Thick-billed Lark 9/13-14 White-crowned Black Wheatear Zino’s Petrel 1/22 Thick-billed Warbler 14/20 11/58-59 Three-banded Plover 5/11 White-crowned Sparrow 17/5-6 Three-toed Woodpecker 8/82-84 White-eyed Gull 6/19 Thrush Nightingale 11/6-7 White-faced Storm-Petrel 1/33 Tickell’s Thrush 10/46-47 White-faced Whistling Duck 2/2 Tree Pipit 9/53-54 White-headed Duck 2/64 Tree Sparrow 16/10-11 White-rumped Sandpiper 5/45 Treecreeper 15/46-47 White-rumped Swift 8/40 Tristram’s Grackle 10/19 White-tailed Eagle 3/13-14 The BIRD SONGS of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East

Discover the fascinating world of Birdsongs!

This edition includes 2 MP3-Disk with 2.817 sound recordings of songs, calls, and other signs of 819 bird species. Never before were the birdsongs of Europe, North Africa, and the Near East presented in such quality and entirety.

The birds are systematically arranged by zoology, similar kinds can thus be compared easily. Many of the birdspecies have two or more separate, consecutive titles. This novelty enables to choose the calls separately from the songs, for example, which in practice brings obvious advantages. The PDF-booklet explains the sound recordings in german, the starting time of each recording is noted. In the registry, the german and scientific (latin) bird names offer a quick and specific access to over 19 hours of listening experience.

Editor and publisher: Dr. Andreas Schulze, Karl-Heinz Dingler Recordings: see page 2

Total time 19:20 hours

© 2007 Musikverlag Edition AMPLE Order-No. 329.490-MP3 • ISBN 3-938147-01-6 (MP3-Disk) Order-No. 329.490-17CDs • ISBN 3-935329-49-0 (17 Audio-CDs mit Begleitbuch) www.ample.de, www.tierstimmen.de All rights reserved.