Total time 19:20 Hours | 2.817 Recordings

Andreas Schulze

The BIRD SONGS of Europe, North Africa and the Near East

819 Birdkinds 17 Audio-CDs 2

Contents Copyright

3-5 Die Vogelstimmen Europas, Preface Nordafrikas und Vorderasiens einschließlich aller ihrer Teile 6-7 sind urheberrechtlich ge- Contents of schützt. Urheber- und the 17 CDs Leistungsschutzrechte sind vorbehalten. Jede Verwertung 8-50 außerhalb der engen Grenzen Texts accompanying the des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist recordings ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulässig und strafbar. Das 51-56 gilt insbesondere für Verviel- Registry of the scientific fältigungen, Übersetzungen species’ terms und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen 56-61 Systemen. Kein Verleih! Registry of the english Keine unerlaubte Verviel- species’ terms fältigung, Vermietung, Auf- führung, Sendung!

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The Bird Songs of The birds are systematically arranged by zoology, similar kinds can thus be Europe, North Africa compared easily. The new realizations and the Near East that resulted through the use of molecular-biologic methods, for instance DNA-Fingerprinting and In no other animal classification do DNA-Sequencing, were considerated sounds play such an exceptional and in many places throughout this work. many-facetted role as in the world of On the whole, the order of the species birds. Since birdsongs are an is extensively in accord with the most indication of the species, it is Handbooks. especially for field ornithologists of great advantage to know at least the The families and sub-families are so most important songs, calls and placed that they will not be interrupted intrumental sounds, for instance when by the ending of a CD. Groups or mapping out hidden birdkinds that are kinds whose songs or appearances rarely seen by anyone. are easily confused were placed together where required. This work introduces the sounds of 819 Birdspecies of Europe, North Each bird is named by it’s english and Africa, and the Near East, and is made scientific name on the following up of 2,817 recordings. The total pages. Songs and calls are always playing time of the 17 Cds is 19 hours found on separate, but consecutive and 20 Minutes. tracks, and can thus be chosen independently from each other. Also, The region we are dealing with as a rule, the sounds of juveniles or encompasses the complete west acoustic differences of sub-species palearctic area: all of Europe (up to have their own tracks, often the Svalbard and Franz-Joseph-Land in instrumental sounds as well. the north, to the Urals and the Caspian See in the east); the Azores, The numbers in bold print for each Madeira, the Canary Islands, the Cape bird indicate where the individual Verdes, North Africa down to 21 sounds can be found. The number in degrees north ( including Morocco, front of the slash indicates the CD, the Northmauritania, Algeria, Tunisia, number after the slash indicates the Libya, and Egypt, among others); the Track: so 15/24 would mean that we Near East ( restricted in the east are talking about track 24 on CD 15. through the eastern borders of Turkey and Iraq, in the south approximately to 28 degrees north, so roughly through the southern borders of Jordan and Kuwait). Nearly all of the over 600 west-palearctic breeding bird kinds are included, and a great part of the non-breeding kinds. Rarities and exceptional cases are dealt with shortly in the recordings as well as in the texts. 4

The exact starting time is named for nuptial moulting. After that - in the each recording, the last of the times middle and higher latitudes mostly in named stands for the total playing the fall - it may come to a small song- time. The number in front of the colon peak: the fall-song, which goes hand- shows the minutes, the number after in-hand with a certain gonadal- the colon shows the seconds: activity. 0:00 - 2:33 - 3:26 would mean that we are talking about 2 different In addition to this, the song activity is recordings, of which the second one liable to a distinctive daily course, starts after 2 minutes and 33 seconds which can change within a song- or and that the total playing time of the reproductive period. In the spring and two recordings together is 3 minutes the summer, the early hours of the and 26 seconds. morning and the late hours of the evening are the times where the song The barriers between songs and calls peaks, the fall-songs peak in the late are in no way abrupt, rather a afternoon. The song activity is continuous flow. Songs are not furthermore highly influenced by the restricted to song-birds, the purity of weather conditions. the sounds plays no particular role for the description of the sounds as Calls generally have a simpler songs. The songs are mostly structure, are short and contrary to assembled of many sub-units and put songs are mostly not connected to together continuously or by verse. breeding. Usually, both genders use calls mostly year-round in certain The most general and easiest connections, or during certain explained function of songs is the behaviour. The functions of the calls conveyance of information in order to partially overlap with those of the identify the species. Songs are a songs. In any case, there are dozens characteristic of each species and of situations, behaviour, and moods play an important role in the for which specific calls were reproduction, or respectively, in the ascertained, to name a few examples: isolation apart from breeding calls before taking flight, while taking communities. Usually, the following flight, while flying, before landing, social functions of songs are while discovering a food source; calls acknowledged: while warning from oncoming enemies marking and protecting territory, luring on the ground, an aerial enemy sitting, females, supporting couples to stay a flying enemy without detectable together, mutual stimulation of hunting intentions, or a hunting, flying neighbouring males or members of a enemy. group, also synchronisation of a pair while mating. It is mostly only the males singing, allthough females of some species also sing.

The song activity reaches it’s peak before and in the beginning of a reproductive cycle. The quiet period is usually during the time of the post- 5

Instrumental sounds are, in contrast Sounds this high can not be perceived to songs and calls, not produced with by some people, by the way, for the voice apparatus. The drumming of instance the songs and calls of the the Woodpeckers, for instance, is Spotted Flycatcher(12/3-4), Goldcrest achieved because the bird hits it’s (15/51-52), or the Firecrest (15/54-55). beak in a rythmic order on a highly These are not errors, nor gaps on the resonant base and so produces the CDs. sounds typical to it’s species. Intrumental sounds can also be This work is to be extended. If you produced through the top and bottom possess recordings that could help of the beak being knocked together, complete or improve it, I would please or through the beating of wings, or ask you to get in contact with the through rearranged feathers that start publisher. Each recording that we use to vibrate in the stream of air. will receive the usual market price. Also, I would be thankful for Each of the 2.817 recordings of this suggestions of any kind. work can be accessed easily because of the given starting times: just pick Andreas Schulze the Track number, the bold-printed number behind the slash, and if Munich, in June of 2003 necessary the accompanying starting time. With CD-players that show index numbers, it is possible to use the index marks that are included on the CDs.

CD-players and computers that are equipped with CD-text-function show a short table of contents to each track made up of the german species’ name and an abbreviation:

G= Song R=Calls J=Calls of juveniles T=Drumming (with the beak) F=Noises produced during flight K=Clatter/Rattle and Knocking (always with the beak) or noises produced through the throat 6

Contents of the 17 CDs

CD-Title Page

CD 1 LOONS Gaviidae 1-4 8 GREBES Podicipedidae 5-13 8 SHEARWATERS AND PETRELS Procellariidae 14-36 8 GANNETS AND BOOBIES Sulidae 37-40 9 PELICANS Pelecanidae 41-44 9 TROPICBIRDS Phaethontidae 45 9 FRIGATEBIRDS Fregatidae 46 9 ANHINGA AND DARTER Anhingidae 47-48 9 CORMORANTS Phalacrocoracidae 49-54 9 HERONS, EGRETS AND BITTERNS Ardeidae 55-82 10 FLAMINGOS Phoenicopteridae 83-84 10 IBIS AND SPOONBILLS Threskiornithidae 85-91 11 STORKS Ciconiidae 92-99 11

CD 2 GEESE Dendrocygnidae 1-2 11 SWANS Cygninae 3-6 11 GEESE Anserini 7-17 11 DUCKS Anatini 18-62 12 DUCKS Oxyurinae 63-64 15

CD 3 HAWKS, EAGLES AND KITES Accipitridae 1-57 15 FALCONS AND CARACARAS Falconidae 58-76 17

CD 4 SANDGROUSE Pteroclidae 1-7 17 PHEASANTS AND PARTRIDGES Phasianidae 8-38 18 GUINEAFOWL Numididae 39-40 19 NEW WORLD QUAIL Odontophoridae 41-42 19 BUTTONQUAIL Turnicidae 43 19 RAILS, GALLINULES AND COOTS Rallidae 44-72 19 CRANES Gruidae 73-77 20 BUSTARDS Otididae 78-84 20 OSTRICH Struthionidae 85-86 20 THICK-KNEES Burhinidae 87-90 20 PRATINCOLES AND COURSERS Glareolinae 91-94 20

CD 5 AVOCETS AND STILTS Recurvirostrini 1-3 21 OYSTERCATCHERS Haematopodini 4-5 21 PLOVERS AND LAPWINGS Charadriinae 6-31 21 SANDPIPERS AND ALLIES Tringinae 32-97 22

CD 6 SANDPIPERS AND ALLIES Scolopacinae 1-12 24 PAINTED-SNIPE Rostratulidae 13 24 JAEGERS AND SKUAS Stercorariini 14-18 24 GULLS Larini 19-44 24 TERNS Sternini 45-63 25 SKIMMERS Rynchopini 64 26 AUKS, MURRES AND PUFFINS Alcinae 65-73 26

CD 7 BARN-OWLS Tytonidae 1-3 27 TYPICAL OWLS Strigidae 4-44 27 NIGHTJARS AND ALLIES Chordeilidae 45 28 NIGHTJARS AND ALLIES Caprimulgidae 46-50 29 PIGEONS AND DOVES Columbidae 51-68 29 7

CD 8 CUCKOOS Cuculidae 1-11 29 CUCKOOS Coccycidae 12-14 30 HOOPOES Upupidae 15-17 30 TYPICAL ROLLERS Coraciidae 18-21 30 BEE-EATERS Meropidae 22-24 30 KINGFISHERS Halcyonidae 25-27 30 KINGFISHERS Alcedinidae 28-30 30 KINGFISHERS Cerylidae 31-32 30 SWIFTS Apodidae 33-42 30 MOUSEBIRDS Coliidae 43 31 PARROTS, MACAWS AND ALLIES Psittacidae 44 31 WOODPECKERS AND ALLIES Picidae 45-84 31

CD 9 LARKS Alaudidae 1-40 32 WAGTAILS AND PIPITS Motacillinae 41-73 33 SWALLOWS Hirundinidae 74-93 34

CD 10 BULBULS Pycnonotidae 1-4 35 WAXWINGS Bombycillidae 5-6 35 DIPPERS Cinclidae 7-8 35 WRENS Troglodytinae 9-11 35 ACCENTORS Prunellinae 12-18 35 STARLINGS Sturnini 19-27 35 MOCKINGBIRDS AND THRASHERSMimini 28-31 36 THRUSHES AND ALLIES Turdinae 32-72 36

CD 11 OLD WORLD FLYCATCHERS Saxicolini 1-61 37

CD 12 OLD WORLD FLYCATCHERS Muscicapini 1-14 39 SHRIKES Laniidae 15-35 39 VIREOS AND ALLIES Vireonidae 36 40 CROWS, JAYS AND MAGPIES Corvini 37-60 40 OLD WORLD ORIOLES Oriolini 61-63 41

CD 13 SUNBIRDS AND SPIDERHUNTERS Nectariniidae 1-4 41 BABBLERS Timaliini 5-8 41 OLD WORLD WARBLERS Sylviini 9-45 41 OLD WORLD WARBLERS Hippolaiini 46-58 42

CD 14 OLD WORLD WARBLERS Acrocephalini 1-20 42 OLD WORLD WARBLERS Cettiini 21-22 43 CISTICOLAS AND ALLIES Cisticolidae 23-29 43 OLD WORLD WARBLERS Locustellini 30-38 43 OLD WORLD WARBLERS Phylloscopini 39-77 43

CD 15 LONG-TAILED TITS Aegithalidae 1-2 44 PENDULINE TITS Remizinae 3-4 44 TITS AND CHICKADEES Parinae 5-28 45 NUTHATCHES Sittinae 29-43 45 NUTHATCHES Tichodrominae 44-45 46 CREEPERS Certhiinae 46-50 46 KINGLETS Regulidae 51-55 46

CD 16 OLD WORLD SPARROWS Passerinae 1-21 46 WEAVERS AND ALLIES Ploceinae 22-24 47 WAXBILLS AND ALLIES Estrildinae 25-35 47 SISKINS, CROSSBILLS AND ALLIES Fringillini 36-47 47 SISKINS, CROSSBILLS AND ALLIES Carduelini 48-92 47

CD 17 BUNTINGS, SPARROWS, SEEDEATERS & ALLIES Emberizini 1-59 48 NEW WORLD WARBLERS Parulini 60-76 50 TANAGERS AND ALLIES Thraupini 77-80 50 SALTATORS, CARDINALS AND ALLIES Cardinalini 81-85 50 TROUPIALS AND ALLIES Icterini 86-89 50 8

SHEARWATERS AND PETRELS CD 1 [75:20 Minutes] Procellariidae

Black-browed Albatross Diomedea LOONS Gaviidae melanophris 1/14 0:00 - 0:29 Calls. Red-throated Loon Gavia stellata 1/1 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:40 - 0:50 - 0:58 Calls: Yellow-nosed Albatross Diomedea courtship calls of a couple in the first recording, chlororhynchos flight calls in the third and fourth recording. 1/15 0:00 - 0:22 Calls.

Arctic Loon Gavia arctica Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans 1/2 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:20 - 0:38 - 0:47 - 0:57 1/16 0:00 - 0:20 Calls. Calls: additional sounds of water in the second recording, a croonig couple in the third recording. Gray-headed Albatross Diomedea chrysostoma 1/17 0:00 - 0:12 Calls and Beak-noises. Common Loon Gavia immer 1/3 0:00 - 0:39 - 1:02 Calls of mating couples. Light-mantled Albatross Phoebetria palpebrata Yellow-billed Loon Gavia adamsii 1/18 0:00 - 0:20 Calls. 1/4 0:00 - 0:29 - 0:52 Calls of a mating couple. Northern Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis 1/19 0:00 - 0:38 Calls of a couple in the GREBES Podicipedidae nesting place.

Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps Cape Petrel Daption capense 1/5 0:00 - 0:30 Calls. 1/20 0:00 - 0:16 Calls.

Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis Cape Verde Petrel Pterodroma feae 1/6 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:40 - 1:26 - 1:34 - 1:45 - 2:00 1/21 0:00 - 0:32 Flight calls of adults. Calls: the duett of a couple in the second recording, in the sixth recording the “winter call” Madeira Petrel Pterodroma madeira often only heard outside of the breeding period. 1/22 0:00 - 0:14 Calls of a flying adult. 1/7 0:00 - 0:17 Calls of Juveniles. Bulwer’s Petrel Bulweria bulwerii Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus 1/23 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:40 Calls out of a breeding 1/8 0:00 - 0:46 - 1:27 - 1:51 - 2:13 - 2:26 - 2:39 cave. Calls of couples and single birds: a fight between two neighbouring couples in the first recording. Cory’s Shearwater 1/9 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:48 - 1:05 Calls of Juveniles. Calonectris diomedea 1/24 0:00 - 0:27 - 0:51 - 1:17 Calls of flying Red-necked Grebe Podiceps grisegena adults in the near vicinity of their colony: until 1/10 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:52 - 0:58 Calls: a mating 0:05 calls of an adult out of the breeding cave in couple in each of the first two recordings. the foreground, also the repeated chirruping of a 1/11 0:00 - 0:13 Calls of downy chicks. downy chick in the second recording.

Horned Grebe Podiceps auritus Cape Verde Shearwater 1/12 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:21 - 0:40 - 0:51 - 1:15 Calonectris edwardsii Calls: a mating couple in the third recording. 1/25 0:00 - 0:36 Calls in a colony.

Eared Grebe Podiceps nigricollis Greater Shearwater Puffinus gravis 1/13 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:40 - 1:01 Calls: mating 1/26 0:00 - 0:13 Calls. couples in the first two recordings, after that a flock during spring-time migration (with the calls of an Eurasian Coot in the background). 9

Sooty Shearwater Puffinus griseus PELICANS Pelecanidae 1/27 0:00 - 0:18 Calls. Great White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus Manx Shearwater Puffinus puffinus 1/41 0:00 - 0:32 - 1:07 - 1:18 Calls: first, a 1/28 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:44 - 0:51 Calls in the sleeping place (Fire-bellied Toad in the vicinity of the colony. background), a colony in the second recording, flight calls and the sound of wings after that. Mediterranean Shearwater Puffinus yelkouan 1/42 0:00 - 0:17 Calls of a nestling. 1/29 0:00 - 0:52 Flight calls of adults in the vicinity of a colony. Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus 1/43 0:00 - 0:28 - 1:02 Calls in a colony. Balearic Shearwater Puffinus mauretanicus 1/30 0:00 - 0:16 Calls by the nesting place, Pink-backed Pelican Pelecanus rufescens made from the ground. 1/44 0:00 - 0:25 Calls in a colony.

Little Shearwater Puffinus assimilis 1/31 0:00 - 0:26 Calls in a colony. TROPICBIRDS Phaethontidae

Wilson’s Storm-Petrel Oceanites oceanicus Red-billed Tropicbird Phaethon aethereus 1/32 0:00 - 0:26 Calls of a couple. 1/45 0:00 - 0:19 Calls.

White-faced Storm-Petrel Pelagodroma marina FRIGATEBIRDS Fregatidae 1/33 0:00 - 0:24 Calls out of a breeding cave. Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens European Storm-Petrel Hydrobates pelagicus 1/46 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:56 Calls. 1/34 0:00 - 0:53 - 1:16 - 1:42 Calls out of breeding caves of a colony. ANHINGA AND DARTER Leach’s Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa Anhingidae 1/35 0:00 - 0:43 - 1:08 Calls of adults in the breeding cave: also cheeping calls of a nestling African Darter in the second recording, for example from 0:51 to Anhinga rufa 0:53. 1/47 0:00 - 0:28 Calls within a small colony: at first only adults, from 0:18 also repeatedly Band-rumped Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma nestlings. castro 1/48 0:00 - 0:14 Nestlings calling. 1/36 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:40 First, calls of an adult in the breeding cave; in the second recording flight calls of an adult. CORMORANTS Phalacrocoracidae

GANNETS AND BOOBIES Sulidae Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo 1/49 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:42 - 1:35 - 2:11 Calls in Brown Booby Sula leucogaster the vicinity of the colony in the first three 1/37 0:00 - 0:23 Calls. recordings: at 0:28 and 0:36 a small nestling. A calling troop at the sleeping place in the fourth Cape Gannet Morus capensis recording. 1/38 0:00 - 0:31 Calls. 1/50 0:00 - 0:10 Calls of a nestling.

Northern Gannet Morus bassanus European Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis 1/39 0:00 - 0:42 - 1:04 Calls and flight noises 1/51 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:33 Calls on the breeding in a colony. ground. 1/40 0:00 - 0:10 Calls of a big nestling. 1/52 0:00 - 0:27 Nestlings calling.

Pygmy Cormorant Phalacrocorax pygmeus 1/53 0:00 - 0:13 Calls of adults and juveniles of a small colony. 10

Long-tailed Cormorant Phalacrocorax Black Heron Egretta ardesiaca africanus 1/70 0:00 - 0:34 Calls of a small troop 1/54 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:31 Calls of adults and searching for food. juveniles of a colony. Western Reef-Heron Egretta gularis 1/71 0:00 - 0:07 - 0:24 - 0:45 Calls and HERONS, EGRETS AND BITTERNS flight sounds. Ardeidae Little Egret Egretta garzetta Great Bittern Botaurus stellaris 1/72 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:31 - 0:44 Flight calls at 1/55 0:00 - 0:53 Song of a male. first, a calling troop at a stretch of water in the 1/56 0:00 - 0:08 Flight calls. second recording, followed by calls in a small colony. American Bittern Botaurus lentiginosus 1/73 0:00 - 0:10 Nestlings calling. 1/57 0:00 - 0:15 Song of a male. Intermediate Egret Egretta intermedia Least Bittern Ixobrychus exilis 1/74 0:00 - 0:11 Calls of an adult taking flight. 1/58 0:00 - 0:21 Song of a male. Great Egret Casmerodius alba Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus 1/75 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:19 - 0:30 - 0:47 - 1:08 1/59 0:00 - 0:37 Song of a male. Flight calls in the first four recordings, followed 1/60 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:19 Calls: flight calls in the by calls by an eyrie. second recording. 1/76 0:00 - 0:40 - 1:00 At first the calls of big nestlings, then calls of middle-sized nestlings in Dwarf Bittern Ixobrychus sturmii the second recording. 1/61 0:00 - 0:17 Song of a male. Gray Heron Ardea cinerea Black-crowned Night-Heron 1/77 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:34 - 1:06 Flight calls at Nycticorax nycticorax first, a calling adult by the eyrie in the second 1/62 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:24 - 0:43 - 0:55 Flight calls recording, then calls within a colony. in the first recording, after that calls in the nest- 1/78 0:00 - 0:32 - 0:47 Calls of big, nearly area. fledged nestlings in the first recording, calls of 1/63 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:31 Nestlings calling. small nestlings in the second recording.

Striated Heron Butorides striatus Black-headed Heron Ardea melanocephala 1/64 0:00 - 0:06 - 0:14 - 0:21 Calls: Flight calls 1/79 0:00 - 0:10 Flight calls. in the third recording. Purple Heron Ardea purpurea Green Heron Butorides virescens 1/80 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:25 - 0:36 - 0:48 - 1:02 1/65 0:00 - 0:08 Calls. Calls: flight calls in the first three recordings, a couple at the eyrie in the fifth recording. Squacco Heron Ardeola ralloides 1/81 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:36 Calls of big nestlings 1/66 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:24 - 0:38 Flight calls in the first, followed by calls of small nestlings in the first two recordings, followed by calls by a nest: second recording. the cheeping calls ar made by the young. 1/67 0:00 - 0:15 Nestlings calling. Goliath Heron Ardea goliath 1/82 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:18 Flight calls. Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis 1/68 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:18 - 0:37 - 1:06 Flight calls in the first two recordings, followed by calls in the FLAMINGOS Phoenicopteridae colony. 1/69 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:43 Nestlings calling, in Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber addition to the muffled “ok-ok...”-calls of the 1/83 0:00 - 0:32 - 0:58 - 1:14 - 1:28 adults. Calls: first, a troop looking for food, arguing adults in the second recording followed by colonies. 11

Lesser Flamingo Phoenicopterus minor 1/98 0:00 - 0:31 - 0:50 In der ersten Aufnahme 1/84 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:48 - 1:03 Calls: a troop Calls of big nestlings, followed by the calls of a searching for food at first, flight calls in the singular nestling. second recording, followed by a flying swarm. Marabou Stork Leptoptilos crumeniferus 1/99 0:00 - 0:20 Calls within a colony. IBIS AND SPOONBILLS Threskiornithidae

Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus 1/85 0:00 - 0:38 - 0:54 Calls within a colony: CD 2 [70:34 Minutes] The grunting and cawing is made by adults, the hoarse chirrupping is made by the nestlings. 1/86 0:00 - 0:13 Calling nestlings. GEESE Dendrocygnidae

Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita Fulvous Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna bicolor 1/87 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:40 Calls within a small 2/1 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:37 Flight calls of small colony: next to the adults in the second troops. recording, also twittering nestlings, most clearly heard from 0:26 to 0:30. White-faced Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna viduata Sacred Ibis Threskiornis aethiopicus 2/2 0:00 - 0:11 Flight calls of a small troop. 1/88 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:31 Flight calls at first, then calls within a colony in the second recording. SWANS Cygninae Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia 1/89 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:47 - 1:08 First, flight calls, Mute Swan Cygnus olor then a colony in the second and third recording: 2/3 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:34 - 1:00 - 1:26 - 1:41 - The sound of wings and the nasal or grunting 1:52 - 2:08 - 2:32 In the first two recordings the calls are made by the adults, the chirping calls flying noise produced by the wing feathers, and are made by the nestlings. also calls in the second recording. From the third 1/90 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:25 Nestlings calling. recording on: the sounds that are produced by the feet and wings when running on water in the African Spoonbill Platalea alba third and fourth recording, an irritated, 1/91 0:00 - 0:14 Calls. threatening animal in the eighth recording. 2/4 0:00 - 0:12 Calling downy chicks.

STORKS Ciconiidae Whistling Swan Cygnus columbianus 2/5 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:19 - 0:42 - 1:18 - 1:40 Yellow-billed Stork Mycteria ibis Calls: troops from the third to the fifth recording. 1/92 0:00 - 0:10 Clattering of beaks. 1/93 0:00 - 0:17 Nestlings calling. Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus 2/6 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:41 - 0:52 - 1:07 - 1:24 - Black Stork Ciconia nigra 1:36 - 1:47 - 1:59 - 2:15 - 2:26 The calls of 1/94 0:00 - 0:15 Calls of a courting couple. single birds and couples, couples of a troop in 1/95 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:34 - 0:44 Calling nestlings, the ninth and tenth recording. also clattering their beaks.

White Stork Ciconia ciconia GEESE Anserini 1/96 0:00 - 0:44 A couple clattering their beaks at the nest, partially also flying noises. Bean Goose Anser fabalis 1/97 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:44 Calls: a copulation with 2/7 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:29 - 1:00 Calls: a troop in additional beak clattering in the second the third recording. recording. 12

Pink-footed Goose Anser brachyrhynchus Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea 2/8 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:31 - 0:47 - 0:59 - 1:20 Calls: 2/19 0:00 - 0:44 - 1:16 - 1:26 Calls of a couple. also noises of flying in the fourth recording, a swarm in the fifth recording. Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna 2/20 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:40 - 0:59 - 1:30 - 1:59 Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons First, a male calling. The calls of a couple in the 2/9 0:00 - 0:59 - 1:20 Calls: a troop in the first second and third recording: the whistling calls recording, followed by a big swarm taking flight. are made by the male, the quacking calls are made by the female. Afterwards, calls of a small Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser erythropus group (Sparrows in the background). The calls of 2/10 0:00 - 0:41 - 0:54 - 1:07 Calls. a couple and the buzzing flight noise in the fifth recording. Greylag Goose Anser anser 2/11 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:27 - 0:45 - 1:17 Calls: Spur-winged Goose Plectropterus gambensis a grazing troop in the fourth recording. 2/21 0:00 - 0:39 Calls of a small troop.

Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus Wood Duck Aix sponsa 2/12 0:00 - 0:28 Calls. 2/22 0:00 - 0:45 Courtship call of a male.

Snow Goose Anser caerulescens Mandarin Duck Aix galericulata 2/13 0:00 - 0:29 - 0:39 Calls: a migrating troop 2/23 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:39 - 1:08 First calling in the first recording. males, the calls of a female in the second recording, noises of water and courtship calls of Canada Goose Branta canadensis a group. 2/14 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:30 - 0:40 - 1:07 Calls: a troop in the fourth recording. Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope 2/24 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:44 - 0:57 - 1:11 - Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis 1:21 - 1:32 First, the calls of a male, the calls of 2/15 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:30 - 0:53 - 1:06 many calling males in a wintry swarm in the Calls: also, in the second recording the croaking second recording. Afterwards, a courting couple, take-off noise that is produced by the wing the growling noises are made by the female. feathers; a small, wintering troop in the fourth The calls of a female from the fourth recording recording. on: flight calls in the sixth recording.

Brant Branta bernicla American Wigeon Anas americana 2/16 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:26 - 1:04 - 1:18 Calls: 2/25 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:24 Calls: first, a male, in swarms from the second to the fourth recordings. the second recording a flying female.

Red-breasted Goose Branta ruficollis Falcated Duck Anas falcata 2/17 0:00 - 0:30 Calls of a couple. 2/26 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:34 Calls of the male.

Gadwall Anas strepera DUCKS Anatini 2/27 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:42 - 1:07 - 1:20 - 1:31 First, the calls of a male. Group-courtship calls in Egyptian Goose Alopochen aegyptiacus the second and third recording: the males make 2/18 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:46 - 0:57 - 1:11 - a loud, rasping “raed” and a whistlind “feeed” 1:27 - 1:41 Calls: first, a male, a small group in sound, the females quack. the second recording - the hoarse hissing is made by the males, the “ang” is made by the females -, females in the third and fourth recording, couples in the fifth and sixth recordings, also the chirrupping of a downy chick in the sixth recording. 13

Baikal Teal Anas formosa Blue-winged Teal Anas discors 2/28 0:00 - 0:32 Calls of a male. 2/37 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:43 Calls: at first the thin whistling of courting males and the quacking of Green-winged Teal Anas crecca the female, a female in the second recording. 2/29 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:47 - 0:55 - 1:03 - 1:39 Courting couples in the first two recordings: Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata the male calls a high “krreek”, the quacking calls 2/38 0:00 - 0:27 - 0:38 First the “tok”- calls of of the female are best heard from 0:38 on. Calls the male, then a calling female in the second of the female from the third to the fifth recording recording. (in the background of the fifth recording calls of the Northern Lapwing and Common Redshank Marbled Teal Marmaronetta angustirostris are heard among others). 2/39 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:28 Calls: first a male, in the second recording a female. Cape Teal Anas capensis 2/30 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:42 First, calls of the male, Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina in the second recording the calls of a flying 2/40 0:00 - 0:30 - 0:41 - 0:59 Calls: a male in female. the first recording, followed by a flying female, and a troop in the third recording. Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 2/31 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:34 - 0:47 - 1:08 - 1:27 - Common Pochard Aythya ferina 1:49 - 2:18 - 2:31 Calls of the male in the first 2/41 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:45 - 1:02 - 1:20 - 1:37 - three recordings, also sounds of flying in the 1:48 - 2:00 The calls of males in the first two second recording. Calls of a female in the fourth recordings: also, the nasal “rarr-rarr...”-calls of recording. Courtship calls of males and females the female in the second recording. Calls of the in the fifth and sixth recording. Calls of a female female from the third to the seventh recording: and the cheeping calls of her young in the calls of a male in the background of the third and seventh and eighth recording. fourth recording, also the sound of flying in the 2/32 0:00 - 0:15 Calls of newly-hatched fifth and sixth recording, the cheeping calls of a chicks. downy chick in the seventh recording.

American Black Duck Anas rubripes Redhead Aythya americana 2/33 0:00 - 0:07 Calls of a female. 2/42 0:00 - 0:27 Calls of a courting troop: the somewhat cat-like “whee-au” is made by the Northern Pintail Anas acuta male, the rolling “rrr” and the quacking is made 2/34 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:52 - 1:01 Calls of males in by the female. the first recording, followed by a courting couple: the male calls a loud, whistling “krrue”, as well as Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris a muffled, nasal “weeh-weej”, the female a low, 2/43 0:00 - 0:39 Calls of a couple: the rolling “krrrah”. The calls of a female in the third quacking is made by the female. recording. Ferruginous Pochard Aythya nyroca Red-billed Duck Anas erythrorhyncha 2/44 0:00 - 0:55 - 1:04 First the calls of a small 2/35 0:00 - 0:23 A small, courting troop: the courting group: the “kerr kerr” up to 0:02 is made call of the male is a high whistling, the female’s a by a female, the nasal “tjuek-tjuek...” und “kjae- raw quacking. kjae...” by a male. Calls of a flying female in the second recording. Garganey Anas querquedula 2/36 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:46 - 1:06 - 1:15 - 1:22 - 1:35 - 1:53 First, a calling couple in mid-flight: the male makes a croaking noise - as if one scrapes across a comb -, the female quacks. Courtship calls of a couple in the second and third recording. Calls of the female in the fourth to the sixth recording, the calls of a troop in the winter in the seventh recording. 14

Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula White-winged Scoter Melanitta fusca 2/45 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:33 - 0:51 - 1:16 - 1:27 Calls 2/55 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:29 First, a female calling of courting males in the first two recordings: the during flight, in the second recording calls of a calls of a female at 0:29. Calls of a female in the female and her downy chicks. third recording and from 0:45 also those of a male. Calls of females during flight in the fourth Bufflehead Bucephala albeola and fifth recording. 2/56 0:00 - 0:25 Calls of a couple: the snarling in the front is made by the male, the quick “ik-ik- Greater Scaup Aythya marila ik-ik” is made by the female. 2/46 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:26 - 0:42 - 0:58 - 1:37 Courtship calls of a male in the first two Barrow’s Goldeneye Bucephala islandica recordings. Calls of the female in the third to the 2/57 0:00 - 0:29 - 0:44 First the “krrah”-calls of fifth recording: especially from 1:27 sounds of a female, and - for instance from 0:13 to 0:18 or flying. from 0:25 - the staccato-like calls of a male, also sounds of flying. In the second recording the Common Eider Somateria mollissima flying sounds of many males. 2/47 0:00 - 1:04 - 1:16 First a courting troop: The muffled “ahuuuo”-calls are made by the Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula male, the low “korr”- and “kokoko”-calls are 2/58 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:40 - 0:56 - 1:10 Calls of made by the female. Calls of a female in the the male in the first two recordings: also, the foreground of the second recording. flying noise made by the sound of an altered 2/48 0:00 - 0:09 Calls of downy chicks, primary in the second recording. Calls of a flying also calls of females, among others. female in the third and fourth recording.

King Eider Somateria spectabilis Hooded Merganser Lophodytes cucullatus 2/49 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:35 A small courting troop 2/59 0:00 - 0:37 - 0:45 First, the calls of the in the first recording: the females call “gok-gok..”, male, sounds of flying in the second recording. the males a low gurgling “gru-gru-guruu”. Following this, the calls of a female. Smew Mergellus albellus 2/60 0:00 - 0:18 Calls of a couple: the muffled Steller’s Eider Polysticta stelleri “gok-gok-gok...” is made by the female, the 2/50 0:00 - 0:24 Calls of females. wooden, faster growing clattering is made by the male (in the background the calls of a King Eider, Harlequin Duck Histrionicus histrionicus among others). 2/51 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:43 Courtship calls of males. Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator 2/61 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:40 - 1:08 - 1:24 First, the Oldsquaw Clangula hyemalis calls of a male. Courting couples in the second 2/52 0:00 - 0:18 - 1:07 Calls of the male: and third recording: the high, nasal calls are also the sounds of flying in the first recording, a made by the male, the raw “rak-rak”-calls are courting troop in the second recording. from the female. In the fourth recording the calls and flying noises of a female. Black Scoter Melanitta nigra 2/53 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:23 - 1:13 Calls of the male: Common Merganser Mergus merganser also sounds of flying in the second recording, a 2/62 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:43 - 0:55 - 1:17 - troop in the third recording. 1:29 - 1:48 In the first two recordings a small courting troop: the calls of the male are a “rueh- roh”, those of the female a hard “krak-krak- Surf Scoter Melanitta perspicillata krak...” and a cackling “aeck-aeck-aeck...”. The 2/54 0:00 - 0:12 Calls of a flying female. calls of females from the third to the sixth recording, partially also noises of flying. 15

DUCKS Oxyurinae 3/9 0:00 - 0:33 - 0:50 First the calls of a large nestling, in the second recording the calls of a Ruddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis small nestling. 2/63 0:00 - 0:54 Non-vocal sounds of a courting male, produced by the beak hitting the Osprey Pandion haliaetus blown-up throat, also sounds of water. 3/10 0:00 - 0:46 - 0:55 Calls during flight in near vicinity of the eyrie: in the first recording a White-headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala female and her sounds of flying; in the second 2/64 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:35 First, a courting couple: recording first a female, from 0:51 the male. the high, whistling calls and the rythmical beating of the wings are made by the male, the lower African Fish-Eagle Haliaeetus vocifer calls are made by the female. A courting male in 3/11 0:00 - 0:15 Calls. the second recording: first, rattling calls, the beating of wings, and whistling calls towards the Pallas’ Fish-Eagle Haliaeetus leucoryphus end (among others a singing Corn Bunting in the 3/12 0:00 - 0:17 Calls. background). White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla 3/13 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:28 - 0:41 - 1:24 - 1:54 - 2:10 Calls. CD 3 [65:13 Minutes] 3/14 0:00 - 0:10 Calls of a large juvenile.

Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos HAWKS, EAGLES AND KITES 3/15 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:37 Calls: first a male, in the Accipitridae second recording a female. 3/16 0:00 - 0:23 Calls of a fully-fledged Bearded Vulture Gypaetus barbatus Juvenile. 3/1 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:26 Courtship calls during flight: first a singular bird, then a couple in the Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca second recording. 3/17 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:41 - 0:46 Calls: 3/2 0:00 - 0:11 Calls of a nestling. in the third recording the trilling that is heard by strong arousal. Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus 3/18 0:00 - 0:20 Calls of a large nestling. 3/3 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:33 - 0:47 In the first recording the calls of a small troop with carrion. Spanish Eagle Aquila adalberti Following this, calls at the eyrie : the female in 3/19 0:00 - 0:17 - 1:10 Calls. the second recording, in the third recording both 3/20 0:00 - 0:18 Calls of a large nestling. adults. 3/4 0:00 - 0:10 Sounds of flying and the calls. Lesser Spotted Eagle Aquila pomarina 3/21 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:56 First, the calls of an Eurasian Griffon Gyps fulvus adult in the air who is trying to drive away a 3/5 0:00 - 0:46 - 1:13 Calling troops with Golden Eagle. In the second recording the carrion: also, in the first recording sounds of flight “kjuek”-calls of an adult close to the eyrie, and descent-, and sounds of take off in the second the cheeping calls of the nestling. recording. Greater Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga Rueppel’s Griffon Gyps rueppellii 3/22 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:32 - 0:43 Calls. 3/6 0:00 - 0:04 Calls with carrion. Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis Lappet-faced Vulture Torgos tracheliotus 3/23 0:00 - 1:19 Calls. 3/7 0:00 - 0:07 - 0:15 Calls. Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus 3/24 0:00 - 0:20 Calls. 3/8 0:00 - 0:10 Calls immediately before copulation (Doves in the background). 16

Verreaux’s Eagle Aquila verreauxii Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus 3/25 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:38 Calls: a couple during 3/39 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:41 - 1:16 A couple during courtship flight in the second recording. courtship flight in the first recording: in the foreground the calls of the female, in the Short-toed Eagle Circaetus gallicus background the calls of the male. Followed by 3/26 0:00 - 0:54 - 1:09 - 1:26 Calls: a couple calls near the eyrie: a male in the second during courtship flight in the first recording. recording, a female in the third recording. 3/27 0:00 - 0:15 Calls of a large nestling. Montagu’s Harrier Circus pygargus Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus 3/40 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:44 - 1:07 - 1:18 Calls 3/28 0:00 - 0:33 - 0:55 First, calls of a flying during flight display in the first three recordings: male. In the second recording a couple near the first a male, followed by a couple ( the cheeping eyrie: at first only the female is calling, from 0:40 “psii” is made by the female, a Common also the male. Redshank and Common Skylarks in the background), followed by a female. In the fourth Bonelli’s Eagle Hieraaetus fasciatus recording calls of a flying female in the vicinity of 3/29 0:00 - 0:32 Calls. the eyrie. 3/30 0:00 - 0:24 Calls of a large nestling. 3/41 0:00 - 0:17 Calls of a juvenile.

Bateleur Terathopius ecaudatus Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus 3/31 0:00 - 0:33 Calls of two adults. 3/42 0:00 - 0:34 - 0:55 Calls: first a male during flight display, in the second recording a Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus female near the eyrie. 3/32 0:00 - 0:35 Calls of a couple. Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus Red Kite Milvus milvus 3/43 0:00 - 0:38 - 1:18 Calls: a couple during 3/33 0:00 - 0:37 - 1:02 First the calls of a courtship flight in the first recording. courting couple, in the second recording the 3/44 0:00 - 0:16 Calls of a juvenile. calls of a female in the vicinity of the eyrie. 3/34 0:00 - 0:27 Calls of a fully-fledged Rough-legged Hawk Buteo lagopus Juvenile. 3/45 0:00 - 0:55 - 1:18 Calls made while flying in vicinity of the eyrie. Black Kite Milvus migrans 3/35 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:54 - 1:06 - 1:19 First, calls Common Buzzard Buteo buteo at the common sleeping place, in the second and 3/46 0:00 - 0:30 - 0:42 - 1:11 - 1:22 Calls: a third recording the calls of a female in the vicinity couple near the eyrie in the third recording. of the eyrie, in the fourth recording copulation 3/47 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:30 Calls of fully-fledged calls of a male. juveniles. 3/36 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:38 - 0:57 In the first recording the calls of fully-fledged juveniles; European Honey-Buzzard Pernis apivorus followed by calls of two-week old nestlings: 3/48 0:00 - 0:19 Calls during flight display. the trilling heard in the third recording is made during great arousal, for instance during Dark Chanting-Goshawk Melierax metabates arguments with brothers and sisters. 3/49 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:37 Calls: in the first recording made during flight display. Western Marsh-Harrier Circus aeruginosus 3/50 0:00 - 0:39 Calls of a not yet colored bird. 3/37 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:29 - 0:57 - 1:06 - 1:16 - 1:24 Calls of a male during flight display Gabar Goshawk Micronisus gabar in the first two recordings, from the third 3/51 0:00 - 0:31 Calls of a flying couple. recording on the calls of the female. 3/38 0:00 - 0:15 Calls of large nestlings. 17

Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis Eurasien Hobby Falco subbuteo 3/52 0:00 - 0:31 - 0:57 - 1:15 - 1:50 First the 3/65 0:00 - 1:01 - 1:18 - 1:31 - 1:46 Calls near calls of a couple in the vicinity of the eyrie: in the the eyrie: one couple each in the first two foreground the female. In the second recording a recordings. different couple calling near the eyrie, the calls of 3/66 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:35 First, the calls of a fully a female in the third and fourth recording. fledged juvenile, in the second recording the 3/53 0:00 - 0:36 - 0:56 - 1:17 - 1:33 - 1:55 calls of large nestlings. Calls of a six-month-old juvenile in the first recording, followed by the calls of large nestlings. Eleonora’s Falcon Falco eleonorae In the third recording calls of five-week-old 3/67 0:00 - 0:51 Calls within a small colony. nestlings during a control of the eyrie. After this, calls of four-week-old nestlings being fed. In the Lanner Falcon Falco biarmicus fifth recording calls of a two-day-old chick. 3/68 0:00 - 0:35 - 1:38 In the first recording the handing over of a catch in the air: first the Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus calls of the female, from 0:20 on also the calls of 3/54 0:00 - 0:28 Calls of a female near the the male. In the second recording calls during eyrie. flight near the eyrie (partially with the echo off of 3/55 0:00 - 0:27 Calls of a fully-fledged the the rock faces). juvenile. Saker Falcon Falco cherrug Shikra Accipiter badius 3/69 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:56 - 1:14 Rufe. 3/56 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:38 Calls: in the second 3/70 0:00 - 0:22 Calls of four-and-a-half week recording made during flight. old nestlings.

Levant Sparrowhawk Accipiter brevipes Gyrfalcon Falco rusticolus 3/57 0:00 - 0:31 Calls of a female, and from 3/71 0:00 - 0:18 Calls during flight near the 0:08 on, also from her nestlings. eyrie. 3/72 0:00 - 0:38 Calls of large nestlings (calls of Northern Fulmars in the background). FALCONS AND CARACARAS Falconidae Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus 3/73 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:45 - 1:02 - 1:10 Calls. Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni 3/74 0:00 - 0:13 Calls of a fully-fledged 3/58 0:00 - 0:23 - 1:03 Calls within a small juvenile near the eyrie. colony. Barbary Falcon Falco pelegrinoides Eurasian Kestrel Falco tinnunculus 3/75 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:23 Calls. 3/59 0:00 - 0:49 - 1:38 Calls of respectively 3/76 0:00 - 0:10 Calls of a large juvenile. one couple near their eyrie. 3/60 0:00 - 0:20 Calls of a two-and-a-half- week-old nestling.

American Kestrel Falco sparverius CD 4 [76:51 Minutes] 3/61 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:28 - 0:40 Calls.

Red-footed Falcon Falco vespertinus SANDGROUSE Pteroclidae 3/62 0:00 - 0:42 - 0:58 - 1:10 Calls in the near vicinity of the eyrie: a small colony in the first Lichtenstein’s Sandgrouse Pterocles recording. lichtensteinii 3/63 0:00 - 0:23 Calls of large nestlings. 4/1 0:00 - 0:35 Calls of a troop by the water: from 0:29 on also sounds of flying. Merlin Falco columbarius 3/64 0:00 - 0:43 Calls of a flying female near Crowned Sandgrouse Pterocles coronatus the eyrie. 4/2 0:00 - 0:32 - 1:03 Calling troops: in the second recording also sounds of flying. 18

Spotted Sandgrouse Pterocles senegallus Sand Partridge Ammoperdix heyi 4/3 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:38 - 1:07 Calls and sounds 4/17 0:00 - 0:23 Song of a male. of flying: troops in the second and third recordings. Black Francolin Francolinus francolinus 4/18 0:00 - 0:43 - 1:08 Song of the male: in the Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse Pterocles background of the first recording two more exustus males. 4/4 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:35 Calls and flight sounds. Double-spurred Francolin Francolinus Black-bellied Sandgrouse Pterocles orientalis bicalcaratus 4/5 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:53 - 1:11 Calls and flight 4/19 0:00 - 0:20 Song of a male. sounds. 4/20 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:29 Calls.

Pin-tailed Sandgrouse Pterocles alchata Gray Partridge Perdix perdix 4/6 0:00 - 0:27 - 1:03 - 1:19 Calls and sounds 4/21 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:36 - 0:51 - 1:07 - of flying: first a troop, in the second and third 1:24 - 1:44 Song: in the sixth recording the song recording large swarms. and calls of a small troop. 4/22 0:00 - 0:09 Calls (a Common Pheasant in Pallas’ Sandgrouse Syrrhaptes paradoxus the background at 0:04). 4/7 0:00 - 0:10 Calls of a flying troop. Common Quail Coturnix coturnix 4/23 0:00 - 0:32 Song of a male. PHEASANTS AND PARTRIDGES 4/24 0:00 - 0:09 Calls and flight noises. Phasianidae Reeves’ Pheasant Syrmaticus reevesii Chukar Alectoris chukar 4/25 0:00 - 0:25 Calls. 4/8 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:52 Song of the male. 4/9 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:41 - 0:58 - 1:07 - 1:20 Calls: Ring-necked Pheasant Phasianus colchicus in the second recording a troop, in the fifth 4/26 0:00 - 0:14 Song of three neighboring recording to 1:11 also flight sounds. males. (The breaks are quite long here: per male, only about every two to three minutes can a Rock Partridge Alectoris graeca “goeoegock” followed by wing clattering be 4/10 0:00 - 0:30 - 0:59 Song of the male. heard.) 4/27 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:26 - 0:47 - 0:54 - 1:06 Red-legged Partridge Alectoris rufa Calling males: the third recording was made in 4/11 0:00 - 0:25 - 1:14 Song of the male the evening at the sleeping place and also (partially with the echo off of the rock face). includes noises made by wings; in the fourth and 4/12 0:00 - 0:10 Calls. the fifth recording each calls and flight noises of a startled male. Hybrid Rock Partridge / Red-legged Partridge Alectoris graeca x rufa Golden Pheasant Chrysolophus pictus 4/13 0:00 - 0:22 - 1:00 Song of the male. 4/28 0:00 - 0:17 Song of a male. 4/29 0:00 - 0:24 Calls. Barbary Partridge Alectoris barbara 4/14 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:45 - 1:00 - 1:18 Song of Lady Amherst’s Pheasant Chrysolophus the male. amherstiae 4/15 0:00 - 0:08 Calls: until 0:02 also sounds 4/30 0:00 - 0:08 Song of a male. of flying. Hazel Grouse Bonasa bonasia See-see Partridge 4/31 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:40 Song of the male. Ammoperdix griseogularis 4/32 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:34 Calls of the female: in 4/16 0:00 - 0:24 Song of a male. the first recording also sound of flying.

Willow Ptarmigan Lagopus lagopus 4/33 0:00 - 0:55 Song and flight noises of a courting male. 19

Rock Ptarmigan Lagopus mutus Spotted Crake Porzana porzana 4/34 0:00 - 0:34 - 0:55 Song and flight noises 4/47 0:00 - 0:45 Song of always one male in of a courting male. the fore-and background. 4/48 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:33 Calls in the winter. Black Grouse Tetrao tetrix 4/49 0:00 - 0:20 Calls of downy chicks. 4/35 0:00 - 0:32 - 0:45 A group of males courting: the rolling corresponds with the song, Sora Porzana carolina the hissing corresponds with the calls that go 4/50 0:00 - 0:24 Song of a male. with the song; also, wing noises can be heard 4/51 0:00 - 0:18 Calls. from 0:38 on. 4/36 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:38 - 0:44 First, calls and Little Crake Porzana parva take-off noises of a male. In the second 4/52 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:55 - 1:48 Song of the recording the calls of a female in the foreground, male. in the background the hissing calls of a male. 4/53 0:00 - 0:07 - 0:23 Calls: in the second Following this, noises of taking flight and the recording, the calls of a yet single female. calls of a female. Baillon’s Crake Porzana pusilla Eurasian Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus 4/54 0:00 - 0:32 - 0:52 Song of the male 4/37 0:00 - 0:45 Song of a male. (a Greenback in the background). 4/38 0:00 - 0:24 Calls of a female. 4/55 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:38 Calls: in the first recording a male. 4/56 0:00 - 0:17 Calls of a downy chick. GUINEAFOWL Numididae Striped Crake Porzana marginalis Helmeted Guineafowl Numida meleagris 4/57 0:00 - 0:24 Song. 4/39 0:00 - 0:13 Song of a male. 4/58 0:00 - 0:07 - 0:19 Calls. 4/40 0:00 - 0:20 Calls. Corn Crake Crex crex 4/59 0:00 - 0:37 - 1:03 - 2:48 Song of the NEW WORLD QUAIL male: in the third recording, a singing male and Odontophoridae two quietly calling animals of the same type are moving through the high grass of a moor. California Quail Callipepla californica 4/60 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:31 Calls. 4/41 0:00 - 0:20 Song of a male. Black Crake Amaurornis flavirostris Northern Bobwhite Colinus virginianus 4/61 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:33 Calls: in the first 4/42 0:00 - 0:40 Song of a male. recording a couple.

Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus BUTTONQUAIL Turnicidae 4/62 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:30 - 0:59 - 1:10 - 1:33 - 1:42 - 1:50 - 2:02 - 2:09 Calls. (Some of the Small Buttonquail Turnix sylvatica here introduced sounds can also be interpreted 4/43 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:43 - 0:48 Song of a female as song.) in the first recording, followed by the song of two 4/63 0:00 - 0:28 Calls of about three-week-old females, noises of take-off in the third recording. juveniles (in the background the calls of Barn Swallows, among others).

RAILS, GALLINULES AND COOTS Lesser Moorhen Gallinula angulata Rallidae 4/64 0:00 - 0:24 Calls.

Water Rail Rallus aquaticus Allen’s Gallinule Porphyrula alleni 4/44 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:27 - 0:40 - 0:48 Song. 4/65 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:37 Calls. 4/45 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:33 - 0:46 - 1:04 - 1:15 Calls: made by two adults simultaneously in the first recording ( among others, the calls of a Blässhuhn in the background of the fourth recording). 4/46 0:00 - 0:08 Calls of a downy chick in the nest. 20

Purple Gallinule Porphyrula martinica Houbara Bustard Chlamydotis undulata 4/66 0:00 - 0:27 Calls. 4/79 0:00 - 0:29 Song of a male. ( The breaks are extrememly shortened on the CD.) Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio 4/80 0:00 - 0:13 Calls of a male. 4/67 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:32 - 0:42 - 0:53 - 1:08 - 1:18 Calls: a couple in the first recording. McQueen’s Bustard 4/68 0:00 - 0:18 Calling downy chicks. Chlamydotis macqueenii 4/81 0:00 - 0:20 Song of a male. Eurasian Coot Fulica atra 4/69 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:35 - 0:46 - 1:04 - 1:18 - Arabian Bustard Ardeotis arabs 1:25 - 1:40 - 1:48 Calls: in the first recording 4/82 0:00 - 0:29 Song of a male. ( The breaks also the sound produced by running on the between the five pairs of sounds are shortened 4/70 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:36 - 0:55 - 1:16 Calling on the CD: normally, they are about half a minute juveniles. each.)

American Coot Fulica americana Great Bustard Otis tarda 4/71 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:29 - 0:39 - 0:58 Calls. 4/83 0:00 - 0:25 - 1:06 First, a small courting group of males: the muffled, non-vocal sounds Red-knobbed Coot Fulica cristata are produced by blowing up and emptying the 4/72 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:53 - 1:13 Calls: in the throat. The calls of a male in the second second recording also the sound of water. recording. 4/84 0:00 - 0:25 Calls of juveniles.

CRANES Gruidae OSTRICH Struthionidae Common Crane Grus grus 4/73 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:29 - 0:45 - 0:54 - 1:08 - Ostrich Struthio camelus 1:29 - 2:02 Calls: in the sixth and seventh 4/85 0:00 - 0:30 Song of a male. recording massive swarms flying over fall-time 4/86 0:00 - 0:11 Calls of juveniles, also cornfields; in the seventh recording, beside the clattering their beaks. trumpeting calls of the adults, the chirrupping calls of large, almost half-year-old young can be heard. THICK-KNEES Burhinidae 4/74 0:00 - 0:19 Calls of a ten-week-old juvenile. Eurasian Thick-knee Burhinus oedicnemus 4/87 0:00 - 0:35 - 0:51 - 1:06 - 1:26 Song. Sandhill Crane Grus canadensis 4/88 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:37 - 0:47 Calls. 4/75 0:00 - 0:37 Calls of a troop: next to the trumpeting of the adults, the chirrupping of large Senegal Thick-knee Burhinus senegalensis young birds can also be heard. 4/89 0:00 - 0:21 Song. 4/90 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:18 Calls. Siberian Crane Grus leucogeranus 4/76 0:00 - 0:39 Calls of a troop. PRATINCOLES AND COURSERS Demoiselle Crane Anthropoides virgo Glareolinae 4/77 0:00 - 0:23 Calls of a small troop. Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola 4/91 0:00 - 0:30 - 0:54 - 1:06 Calls in the BUSTARDS Otididae vicinity of the colony.

Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax 4/78 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:40 - 0:49 Sounds of a male: at first song, in the second recording song combined with the beating of wings, in the third recording the flight noise produced by the seventh primary. 21

Black-winged Pratincole Kittlitz’s Plover Charadrius pecuarius Glareola nordmanni 5/10 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:34 Calls. 4/92 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:43 Calls: first a solitary bird (calls of the Collared Pratincole and the Three-banded Plover Charadrius tricollaris Northern Lapwing in the background, among 5/11 0:00 - 0:29 Song of a couple, produced others), in the second recording a troop during flight. searching for food. Snowy Plover Charadrius alexandrinus Egyptian Plover Pluvianus aegyptius 5/12 0:00 - 0:24 Song of a couple, produced 4/93 0:00 - 0:08 - 0:14 Calls: two birds chasing during flight. each other in the first recording. 5/13 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:30 - 0:43 Calls.

Cream-coloured Courser Cursorius cursor Mongolian Plover Charadrius mongolus 4/94 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:29 Calls: produced during 5/14 0:00 - 0:16 Calls. flight in the second recording. Greater Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii 5/15 0:00 - 0:07 Calls.

Caspian Plover Charadrius asiaticus CD 5 [74:46 Minutes] 5/16 0:00 - 0:19 Calls.

Eurasian Dotterel Charadrius morinellus AVOCETS AND STILTS 5/17 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:58 First, song of a female Recurvirostrini during flight; in the second recording a couple of females singing on the ground. Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta 5/18 0:00 - 0:09 Calls. 5/1 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:30 - 0:52 - 1:18 - 1:40 - 1:48 Calls: a courting couple in the sixth recording. American Golden-Plover Pluvialis dominica Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus 5/19 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:23 - 0:32 Calls: first a 5/2 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:41 - 1:18 - 1:37 - 2:00 Calls male, in the second recording a female, followed from solitary birds and couples. by a small troop. 5/3 0:00 - 0:11 Calls of about half-year-old juveniles. Pacific Golden-Plover Pluvialis fulva 5/20 0:00 - 0:30 Calls, and especially from 0:25 on, sounds of flying of a small troop. OYSTERCATCHERS Haematopodini European Golden-Plover Pluvialis apricaria Eurasian Oystercatcher Haematopus 5/21 0:00 - 0:26 Song of a male, made during ostralegus flight. 5/4 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:55 Adults singing a trilling 5/22 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:32 - 1:02 - 1:14 - 1:34 ceremony. First, the calls during springtime migration. In the 5/5 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:30 - 0:46 - 1:02 - 1:11 Calls. second recording the calls and sounds of flying of a small troop in the winter. Following this, calls at the breeding place: in the fifth recording the PLOVERS AND LAPWINGS hoarse “drue-due...” of a female and the high Charadriinae “tliii” of her chicks.

Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius Black-bellied Plover Pluvialis squatarola 5/6 0:00 - 0:34 Song of a couple: the male is 5/23 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:35 Calls of migrating heard in the foreground. troops. 5/7 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:35 - 0:50 - 1:04 Calls. Spur-winged Plover Vanellus spinosus Common Ronged Plover Charadrius hiaticula 5/24 0:00 - 0:47 Song of a couple during flight. 5/8 0:00 - 0:42 Song of a male during flight. 5/25 0:00 - 0:21 - 1:15 Calls. 5/9 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:31 - 0:57 - 1:22 Calls: a flying troop in the second recording. 22

Black-headed Lapwing Vanellus tectus Little Stint Calidris minuta 5/26 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:33 Calls of a couple: made 5/39 0:00 - 0:41 - 1:14 Song of the male while flying in the second recording. during flight: in both recordings also calls and flight noise. Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus 5/40 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:32 Calls of resting birds on 5/27 0:00 - 0:34 Calls. their way to their winterquarters.

Sociable Lapwing Vanellus gregarius Temminck’s Stint Calidris temminckii 5/28 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:31 Calls: first a small troop 5/41 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:55 Song of the male in it’s winter quarters, in the second recording a during flight. female near her nest. 5/42 0:00 - 0:05 Calls during fall-time migration. White-tailed Lapwing Vanellus leucurus 5/29 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:39 - 0:54 Calls near the Long-toed Stint Calidris subminuta nest: first a solitary bird, in the second and third 5/43 0:00 - 0:09 Calls. recording both partners; especially from 0:45 on also the chirrupping of a chick. Least Sandpiper Calidris minutilla 5/44 0:00 - 0:36 Calls of a small troop. Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus 5/30 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:43 The song of a male White-rumped Sandpiper Calidris fuscicollis during flight, with the heaving sound of the 5/45 0:00 - 0:11 Calls. wings, in the second recording also partially calls. Baird’s Sandpiper Calidris bairdii 5/31 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:25 - 0:49 - 1:04 Calls: in 5/46 0:00 - 0:22 Calls. the fourth recording a troop in the winter. Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos 5/47 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:16 Calls. SANDPIPERS AND ALLIES Tringinae Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea 5/48 0:00 - 0:07 Song of a male during flight. Red Kont Calidris canutus 5/49 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:33 Calls: in the first 5/32 0:00 - 0:35 Song of a male during flight, recording a pursuit. changing over to calls. 5/33 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:30 - 0:44 First, calls and Purple Sandpiper Calidris maritima flight noise, in the second recording the calls of a 5/50 0:00 - 0:40 Song of a male during flight. troop during flight, in the third recording the calls 5/51 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:37 - 1:02 Calls: in the first of a large swarm searching for food. two recordings during spring-time migration, later near the nest. Sanderling Calidris alba 5/34 0:00 - 0:11 Song of a male during flight. Dunlin Calidris alpina 5/35 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:27 - 0:38 - 1:08 - 1:41 5/52 0:00 - 0:44 - 1:09 Song of the male Calls: in the fifth recording a large swarm in the during flight. winter. 5/53 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:39 First the calls of a small troop during spring-time migration; in the second Semipalmated Sandpiper Calidris pusilla recording the calls of an adult and the “sii”-calls 5/36 0:00 - 0:25 Calls of a small troop of it’s chick. searching for food. Broad-billed Sandpiper Limicola falcinellus Western Sandpiper Calidris mauri 5/54 0:00 - 0:47 Song of the male during flight. 5/37 0:00 - 0:06 - 0:21 Calls. 5/55 0:00 - 0:08 - 0:16 Calls.

Red-necked Stint Calidris ruficollis 5/38 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:14 Calls. 23

Ruff Philomachus pugnax Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus 5/56 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:19 - 0:50 - 1:19 In the first 5/70 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:37 Song: in the second recording calls of a small troop during fall-time recording alternating with calls. migration, followed by the calls of a male at the 5/71 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:36 - 1:14 - 1:21 Calls. courting place. In the third recording calls and flight noise of a female, followed by the calls of a Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola female and the “psii”-calls of her chicks. 5/72 0:00 - 0:38 - 1:01 Song during flight. 5/73 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:33 Flight calls: a troop in Short-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus griseus the second recording. 5/57 0:00 - 0:08 Calls. Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus Long-billed Dowitcher 5/74 0:00 - 0:20 Song. Limnodromus scolopaceus 5/75 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:38 Calls. 5/58 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:27 Calls. Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos Upland Sandpiper Bartramia longicauda 5/76 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:51 Song of the male. 5/59 0:00 - 0:22 Calls. 5/77 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:40 Calls.

Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia 5/60 0:00 - 0:47 - 0:58 - 1:07 Calls of flying 5/78 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:31 Calls. adults: from 0:17 to 0:28 mostly singing. Willet Catoptrophorus semipalmatus Common Redshank Tringa totanus 5/79 0:00 - 0:11 Calls. 5/61 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:55 Song during flight. 5/62 0:00 - 0:30 - 0:41 - 0:54 - 1:20 - Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres 1:35 - 1:53 Calls (in the background of the 5/80 0:00 - 0:23 Song. fourth recording the calls of Northern Lapwings). 5/81 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:36 Calls.

Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis Wilson’s Phalarope Phalaropus tricolor 5/63 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:32 Song: in the second 5/82 0:00 - 0:10 Calls. recording also calls. 5/64 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:22 Calls: in the second Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus recording a troop taking flight. 5/83 0:00 - 0:52 - 1:00 Song of small troops in the water. Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia 5/84 0:00 - 0:11 Calls and flight noise. 5/65 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:31 Song during flight. 5/66 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:26 - 0:42 In the first two Red Phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius recordings flight calls, followed by calls in the 5/85 0:00 - 0:17 Song of a troop in the water. winter. 5/86 0:00 - 0:12 Calls.

Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca Little Curlew Numenius minutus 5/67 0:00 - 0:17 Calls. 5/87 0:00 - 0:31 Calls.

Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus 5/68 0:00 - 0:08 Calls. 5/88 0:00 - 0:22 Song (in the background from 0:09 to 0:13 a European Golden Plover). Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria 5/89 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:23 - 0:53 Calls. 5/69 0:00 - 0:25 Calls. Slender-billed Curlew Numenius tenuirostris 5/90 0:00 - 0:30 - 0:44 Calls: in the first recording produced while flying. 24

Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata Swinhoe’s Snipe Gallinago megala 5/91 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:30 - 0:39 Song. 6/9 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:19 The roaring noise 5/92 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:35 - 0:58 - 1:24 - produced - during the breeding period - by the 1:35 - 1:45 Calls: in the background partially outer tail feathers during diving flight, combined song, a migrating troop in the sixth recording. with the nasal, trilling calls, which have the 5/93 0:00 - 0:11 Calls of freshly hatched chick. function of song. 6/10 0:00 - 0:20 Song during flight. Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa 5/94 0:00 - 0:38 - 0:53 - 1:16 Song. Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola 5/95 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:27 - 0:47 - 1:00 Calls: in 6/11 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:36 Song of the male the first recording also flight noises. during flight. 6/12 0:00 - 0:26 Calls of the female, addressed Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica to her chicks which are ready to hatch - they 5/96 0:00 - 0:29 Song. answer out of the eggs with fine “psieh”-calls. 5/97 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:25 Calls.

PAINTED-SNIPE Rostratulidae

Greater Painted-Snipe Rostratula bengalensis CD 6 [75:15 Minutes] 6/13 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:26 Song.

SANDPIPERS AND ALLIES JAEGERS AND SKUAS Stercorariini Scolopacinae Pomarine Jaeger Stercorarius pomarinus Jack Snipe Lymnocryptes minimus 6/14 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:48 In the first recording, 6/1 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:52 Song of the male during the calls of a couple at the breeding place. flight. Following this, the calls of a fall-time migrator 6/2 0:00 - 0:14 Calls while flying (the song of a searching for food (the calls of Black-headed Common Snipe in the background). Gulls in the background).

Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago Parasitic Jaeger 6/3 0:00 - 0:33 The grousing of the male Stercorarius parasiticus during a diving flight - usually heard during the 6/15 0:00 - 0:45 - 0:58 - 1:19 Calls at the breeding period: in the airstream (which is breeding place: couples in the first two steered by the wings) the spread apart outer tail recordings. feathers start to swing and produce a quavering 6/16 0:00 - 0:09 Calls of a chick in the nest. noise. 6/4 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:36 - 1:07 Song. Long-tailed Jaeger Stercorarius longicaudus 6/5 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:28 - 0:48 Calls: in the first 6/17 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:43 Calls at the breeding two recordings flight calls; in the third recording a place: a couple in the first recording. female and the “psi”-calls of her chicks. Great Skua Stercorarius skua Great Snipe Gallinago media 6/18 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:31 - 1:03 Calls at the 6/6 0:00 - 0:34 - 1:12 Song of a male at the breeding place: a couple in the third recording, at community courting. 0:55 and 1:01 the flight noise produced when attacking intruders. Pintail Snipe Gallinago stenura 6/7 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:14 The roaring noise produced - during the breeding period - by the outer tail feathers during diving flight; in both GULLS Larini recordings also the nasal, trilling calls, which have the function of song. White-eyed Gull Larus leucophthalmus 6/8 0:00 - 0:22 Song. 6/19 0:00 - 0:26 Calls.

Great Black-headed Gull Larus ichthyaetus 6/20 0:00 - 0:31 Calls within a colony. 25

Mediterranean Gull Larus melanocephalus Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus 6/21 0:00 - 0:32 - 0:55 - 1:12 - 1:26 Calls in 6/34 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:32 - 0:46 - 1:06 - 1:17 the near vicintiy of the colony: adults in the Calls. second recording, also many juveniles. Herring Gull Larus argentatus Laughing Gull Larus atricilla 6/35 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:29 - 0:44 - 0:53 - 1:07 - 6/22 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:41 - 1:13 Calls. 1:33 - 2:14 - 2:38 Calls: in the fourth recording, at 0:48 also the “psii” of a juvenile, in the eighth Franklin’s Gull Larus pipixcan recording a larger troop in the winter. 6/23 0:00 - 0:11- 0:17 Calls. Caspian Gull Larus cachinnans Little Gull Larus minutus 6/36 0:00 - 0:26 Calls at the breeding place. 6/24 0:00 - 0:29 - 0:57- 1:27 Calls: first a small colony, in the second recording a couple Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis near the nest area (Black-headed Gulls in the 6/37 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:36 - 0:55 - 1:54 - 2:27 background), followed by a migrating troop in the Calls: in the fifth recording, at 2:07 and 2:17 also summer. the “psii” of a downy chick.

Sabine’s Gull Larus sabini Armenian Gull Larus armenicus 6/25 0:00 - 0:27 Calls. 6/38 0:00 - 0:53 Calls of a small troop.

Bonaparte’s Gull Larus philadelphia Iceland Gull Larus glaucoides 6/26 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:32 Calls: a troop in the 6/39 0:00 - 0:36 Calls of a small troop of not second recording. yet colored birds.

Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus Glaucous Gull Larus hyperboreus 6/27 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:35 - 0:47 - 1:27 - 1:39 - 6/40 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:40 Calls. 1:54 - 2:05 - 2:28 - 2:51 - 3:05 First, the calls of a small troop in the fall. The other recordings Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus were made at the breeding place: the calls of 6/41 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:35 - 1:02 - 1:16 Calls. solitary birds and of colonies. 6/28 0:00 - 0:13 The calls of a about five-day- Ross’ Gull Rhodostethia rosea old downy chick. 6/42 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:18 - 0:28 Calls.

Gray-headed Gull Larus cirrocephalus Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla 6/29 0:00 - 0:29 Calls of a flying troop (the 6/43 0:00 - 0:18 - 1:04 - 1:22 - 1:42 - 1:54 calls of Lesser Flamingos in the background). Calls in a colony.

Slender-billed Gull Larus genei Ivory Gull Pagophila eburnea 6/30 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:44 - 1:00 Calls at the 6/44 0:00 - 0:20 The “krriä”-calls of a couple, breeding place: in the second and third recording and, quieter, the chirrupping calls of it’s downy a colony (in the background of all three chicks. recordings the calls of a Common Tern).

Audouin’s Gull Larus audouinii TERNS Sternini 6/31 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:31 - 1:01 - 1:39 Calls within a small colony. Gull-billed Tern Sterna nilotica 6/45 0:00 - 0:39 - 1:30 - 1:53 Calls in the Ring-billed Gull Larus delawarensis colony. 6/32 0:00 - 0:08 - 0:26 Calls. Caspian Tern Sterna caspia Mew Gull Larus canus 6/46 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:49 - 1:15 In the first two 6/33 0:00 - 0:32 - 0:54 - 1:01 - 1:08 Calls: in recordings, calls within the nest area, in the third the first recording a small troop. recording the “swii-i”-calls of a not yet colored bird and the cawing calls of an adult. 26

Royal Tern Sterna maxima Black Tern Chlidonias niger 6/47 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:49 Calls: first a migrating 6/60 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:56 Calls in the vicinity of troop, in the second recording a colony. the colony. 6/61 0:00 - 0:21 Calls of freshly hatched Lesser Crested Tern Sterna bengalensis downy chicks: at 0:10, 0:17 and 0:19 also the 6/48 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:29 Calls. calls of an adult.

Sandwich Tern Sterna sandvicensis White-winged Tern 6/49 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:50 - 1:54 Calls at the Chlidonias leucopterus breeding place: in the third recording a large 6/62 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:42 Calls in the vicinity of colony. the colony.

Roseate Tern Sterna dougallii Brown Noddy Anous stolidus 6/50 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:35 - 0:48 Calls within a 6/63 0:00 - 0:21 Calls. colony (the calls of Common Terns in the background). SKIMMERS Rynchopini Common Tern Sterna hirundo 6/51 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:43 - 1:31 Calls: in the first African Skimmer two recordings at the breeding place, then while Rynchops flavirostris searching for food. 6/64 0:00 - 0:34 Calls at the courting place. 6/52 0:00 - 0:36 Calls of close to three-week- old young on a nesting-raft, calls of adults in the background. AUKS, MURRES AND PUFFINS Alcinae Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea 6/53 0:00 - 0:43 - 1:20 - 1:59 - 2:31 The calls Common Murre Uria aalge of a couple in the first two recordings: at first only 6/65 0:00 - 0:49 - 1:29 Calls in the colony: in the female, from 0:35 also the male. In the third the second recording also the “plii-ue” of and fourth recording calls within colonies. juveniles.

Forster’s Tern Sterna forsteri Thick-billed Murre Uria lomvia 6/54 0:00 - 0:39 Calls. 6/66 0:00 - 0:31 Calls of a couple at the breeding place. Bridled Tern Sterna anaethetus 6/55 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:43 Calls at the breeding Razorbill Alca torda place ( in the background of the second 6/67 0:00 - 0:58 - 1:35 Calls in the colony: in recording the calls of Sooty Terns). the first recording additional sounds of flight, in the second recording besides the rasping of the Sooty Tern Sterna fuscata adults, also the chirrupping of downy chicks 6/56 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:44 Calls. (in the background of the second recording also the calls of Northern Gannets). Little Tern Sterna albifrons 6/57 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:37 - 0:52 - 1:13 Calls in Black Guillemont Cepphus grylle the vicinity of the colony. 6/68 0:00 - 0:39 - 1:15 - 1:35 - 1:53 Calls (the calls of Gulls in the background, among Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybridus others). 6/58 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:57 - 1:18 - 1:47 Calls in the vicinity of the colony. Dovekie Alle alle 6/59 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:37 In the first recording, 6/69 0:00 - 0:34 Calls within a colony. the calls of fully-fledged juveniles in mid-summer, 6/70 0:00 - 0:24 Calls of a juvenile in the followed by the calls of nestlings, only a couple breeding cave. of days old: calls of the adults in the background. Crested Auklet Aethia cristatella 6/71 0:00 - 0:13 Calls.

Parakeet Auklet Cyclorrhynchus psittacula 6/72 0:00 - 0:27 Calls. 27

Atlantic Puffin Fratercula arctica 7/9 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:47 - 0:56 First the calls of a 6/73 0:00 - 0:37 - 0:53 - 1:14 Calls at the juvenile who has already left the nest. In the breeding place: in the third recording also the second recording the calls of a large nestling, chirrupping of nestlings. followed by the calls and bill-clattering of a different nestling.

Brown Fish-Owl Ketupa zeylonensis 7/10 0:00 - 0:29 Song. CD 7 [68:32 Minutes] Snowy Owl Nyctea scandiaca 7/11 0:00 - 0:08 Song of a male. BARN-OWLS Tytonidae 7/12 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:27 - 0:54 - 1:13 First, the calls of a couple near the nest: the male is heard Barn Owl Tyto alba in the foreground. In the second recording the 7/1 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:42 - 0:58 - 1:23 Song of the calls of a female in the vicinity of the nest, and male: in the first two recordings sung while flying, farther away the calls of the male. In the third and in the third and fourth recording while sitting. fourth recording calls and bill clattering at the Calls of the female in the background of the nest: a couple in the third recording. second and fourth recording. 7/13 0:00 - 0:33 Calls of nestlings. 7/2 0:00 - 0:08 - 0:19 Calls: in the second recording a female at the nesting place; the Nothern Hawk Owl Surnia ulula snorring calls are made by the young. 7/14 0:00 - 0:28 - 1:07 Song of the male. 7/3 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:41 - 1:03 - 1:45 In the first 7/15 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:45 Calls. three recordings calls of large nestlings. Following this, the calls and bill-clattering of the Eurasian Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium passerinum different-sized nestlings of a brood: the trilling is 7/16 0:00 - 0:43 - 0:58 - 1:11 - 1:27 First the characteristic of the smaller, the snorring of the song of a male. In the second recording the larger juveniles. alternating song of a courting couple: the female in the background. In the third and fourth recording the musical scale song especially TYPICAL OWLS Strigidae heard in the fall from both genders. 7/17 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:51 Calls: a female in the European Scops-Owl Otus scops second recording 7/4 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:50 - 1:13 - 1:25 - 1:47 7/18 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:41 In the first recording Song of the male in the first three recordings (in calls of a fully-fledged juvenile, followed by calls the background the sound of crickets). Following of young in the cave-nest. this, the alternating song of a couple: the voice of the female is somewhat higher. In the fifth Little Owl Athene noctua recording the song of a female. 7/19 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:46 - 1:09 Song of the male 7/5 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:36 First the calls of a ( calls of the Alpine Swift in the background of female. In the second recording billclattering of a the second recording). female by the nest: the song of the male in the 7/20 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:31 - 0:55 - 1:08 - 1:21 background. Calls: an adult in the background of each of the 7/6 0:00 - 0:17 Calls of a large juvenile near first two recordings. the nest. 7/21 0:00 - 0:43 - 0:55 Calls of juveniles in the cave-nest. Eurasian Eagle-Owl Bubo bubo 7/7 0:00 - 0:57 - 1:35 The song of a male in the first recording and, from 0:28 to 0:35 also the song of the female. In the second recording the alternating song of a couple: the voice of the male is somewhat deeper. 7/8 0:00 - 0:13 Calls of a female. 28

Tawny Owl Strix aluco 7/35 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:32 - 0:45 - 0:52 Calls: 7/22 0:00 - 0:32 - 1:10 - 1:49 - 2:07 In the first additional wing clapping in the third and fourth recording the song of a male, followed by the recording - this noise is especially made by song of two males, and the “kuwit”-calls of a males while courting or by disturbances on the female. In the third recording the calls of a female breeding grounds - produced by the bird during and a singing male. In the fourth recording the flight by beating both wings together underneath quavering song of a male ( the song of a the body. Common Nightingale in the background). 7/36 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:54 First, the calls of an 7/23 0:00 - 0:26 - 1:26 Sounds of the north- nearly fledged juvenile, the calls of large nestlings west african subspecies Strix aluco mauritanica: in the second recording. the song of a male in the first recording, in the second recording calls and song of a couple. Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus 7/24 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:42 Calls of the female: the 7/37 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:36 Song of the male second recording was made at the nest. during flight: the hissing calls of a female in the 7/25 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:20 Calls of the subspecies background of the first recording. Strix aluco mauritanica: first a male, a female in 7/38 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:52 - 1:00 Calls of the the second recording. female in the first two recordings: in the 7/26 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:35 - 0:55 - 1:10 In the first background of the second recording the wing two recordings calls of large juveniles in the fall clapping and the barking calls of a flying male. In (crickets in the background). In the third the third recording the calls of an adult during recording the calls of a nearly fledged juvenile. flight. Following this, the calls of a nestling. 7/39 0:00 - 0:44 - 1:02 In the first recording calls and bill clattering of juveniles near the nest: Hume’s Owl Strix butleri the calls of the female in the background. In the 7/27 0:00 - 0:43 Song of a male. second recording the calls of nestlings.

Ural Owl Strix uralensis Marsh Owl Asio capensis 7/28 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:43 - 1:10 In the first two 7/40 0:00 - 0:16 Song of a male. recordings the song of the male, in the third 7/41 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:38 Calls. recording the song of a female. 7/29 0:00 - 0:13 Calls. Boreal Owl Aegolius funereus 7/30 0:00 - 0:45 Calls of small nestlings. 7/42 0:00 - 0:55 - 1:31 - 1:56 Song of the male. Great Gray Owl Strix nebulosa 7/43 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:44 - 1:02 - 1:21 - 1:30 First 7/31 0:00 - 0:32 - 1:03 - 1:24 Song of the the calls of a male, intending to lure the female male. away from the nest in order to receive the catch. 7/32 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:36 First the calls of a In the second recording calls, which change over couple at the nest: the low calls from 0:06 on are to song towards the end. In the third to the fifth made by the male. In the second recording the recording calls of more adults. bill clattering of a female at the nest. 7/44 0:00 - 0:40 - 0:54 - 1:22 In the first 7/33 0:00 - 0:21 Calls of a large nestling. recording calls of fully-fledged juveniles, followed by the calls of a larger nestling, in the third Long-eared Owl Asio otus recording calls of small nestlings. 7/34 0:00 - 0:35 - 1:07 - 1:44 - 2:14 - 2:38 - 3:02 First the song of a male. In the second recording a singing male in each the NIGHTJARS AND ALLIES background and the foreground. Afterwards, the Chordeilidae alternating song of a couple: the voice of the female is higher. In the fourth recording the song Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor of the male heard during the breeding period if 7/45 0:00 - 0:31 Song of a male. interrupted. The song of a female in the fifth and sixth recording. 29

NIGHTJARS AND ALLIES Laurel Pigeon Columba junoniae Caprimulgidae 7/60 0:00 - 0:41 Song of a male.

African Collared-Dove Eurasian Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus Streptopelia 7/46 0:00 - 0:36 - 0:56 - 1:15 - 1:44 - 1:59 roseogrisea 7/61 Song of the male: combined with the banging of 0:00 - 0:26 Song of a male. 7/62 wings in the fourth recording; made on the 0:00 - 0:11 Calls: the song of the male in ground during the day in the fifth recording . the background and at 0:03 sounds of flying. 7/47 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:24 - 0:53 In the first two Eurasian Collared-Dove recordings the calls of an adult during flight. In Streptopelia decaocto 7/63 the third recording the “wak”-calls of a female 0:00 - 0:22 Song of a male. 7/64 and the cheeping calls of a small nestling. 0:00 - 0:35 - 0:50 - 1:07 - 1:21 In the first 7/48 0:00 - 0:10 Defence calls of large recording calls, and at the end, sounds of take- nestlings. off. In the second, third and fourth recording the calls of a bird in the fore- and background, also Red-necked Nightjar Caprimulgus ruficollis partially sounds of flight and wing clapping. 7/49 0:00 - 0:48 - 1:15 - 1:31 Song: in the first European Turtle-Dove two recordings a male each, a female in the third Streptopelia turtur 7/65 recording. 0:00 - 0:37 - 0:50 Song of a male.

Egyptian Nightjar Oriental Turtle-Dove Streptopelia orientalis 7/66 Caprimulgus aegyptius 0:00 - 0:12 Song of a male. 7/50 0:00 - 1:11 Song of a male. Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis 7/67 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:39 Song of the male. PIGEONS AND DOVES Columbidae Namaqua Dove Oena capensis 7/68 Rock Dove Columba livia 0:00 - 0:20 Song of a male ( the song of a 7/51 0:00 - 0:54 Calls and flight noises, from Mourning Collared Dove in the background). 0:44 on the song of the male.

Feral Pigeon Columba livia f. domestica 7/52 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:44 Songs of males: also flight noises and calls in the second recording. CD 8 [61:14 Minutes] 7/53 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:31 - 0:57 - 1:19 - 1:26 - 1:35 Calls in the first four recordings: nestlings in the background of the third CUCKOOS Cuculidae recording. In the fifth and sixth recording flight Pied Cuckoo noise. Clamator jacobinus 8/1 7/54 0:00 - 0:44 Calls of about two-week-old 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:16 Song. nestlings. Great Spotted Cuckoo Clamator glandarius 8/2 Stock Pigeon Columba oenas 0:00 - 0:14 Song of a male. 8/3 7/55 0:00 - 0:47 Song of a male. 0:00 - 0:46 - 0:59 - 1:12 Calls: a couple in 7/56 0:00 - 0:14 Calls of a couple in the cave- the third recording. nest. Senegal Coucal Centropus senegalensis 8/4 Common Wood-Pigeon Columba palumbus 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:30 Song: in the second 7/57 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:46 Song of the male. recording the alternating song of a couple, with 7/58 0:00 - 0:15 Calls. the female in the fore- and the male in the background. 8/5 Bolle’s Pigeon Columba bollii 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:23 Calls. 7/59 0:00 - 0:30 Song of a male. 30

Dideric Cuckoo Chrysococcyx caprius BEE-EATERS Meropidae 8/6 0:00 - 0:16 Song of a male. 8/7 0:00 - 0:06 - 0:22 Calls: in the second Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis recording two adults during flight. 8/22 0:00 - 0:19 calls.

Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus Blue-cheeked Bee-eater Merops persicus 8/8 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:48 - 0:56 - 1:04 - 1:11 Song 8/23 0:00 - 0:47 Calls in the vicinity of a small of the male. colony. 8/9 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:23 - 0:32 First the calls of a male. In the second and third recording the European Bee-eater Merops apiaster trilling line of calls of the female and the song of 8/24 0:00 - 0:31 - 0:45 - 1:07 Calls in the the male. vicinity of the colony. 8/10 0:00 - 0:22 Calls of a seventeen-day-old juvenile in the nest of a European Reed Warbler. KINGFISHERS Halcyonidae Oriental Cuckoo Cuculus saturatus 8/11 0:00 - 0:26 Song of a male. White-throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis 8/25 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:39 Song of the male: in the second recording during strong arousal. CUCKOOS Coccycidae 8/26 0:00 - 0:08 Calls.

Black-billed Cuckoo Gray-headed Kingfisher Halcyon leucocephala Coccyzus erythrophthalmus 8/27 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:22 Calls: in the second 8/12 0:00 - 0:20 Song. recording a couple in duet. 8/13 0:00 - 0:12 Calls.

Yellow-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus americanus KINGFISHERS Alcedinidae 8/14 0:00 - 0:21 Song. Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis 8/28 0:00 - 0:12 Song of a male. HOOPOES Upupidae 8/29 0:00 - 0:28 Calls. 8/30 0:00 - 0:23 Calls of juveniles in the cave- Hoopoe Upupa epops nest. 8/15 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:32 Song of the male. 8/16 0:00 - 0:11 Calls. 8/17 0:00 - 0:10 Calls of nestlings. KINGFISHERS Cerylidae

Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis TYPICAL ROLLERS Coraciidae 8/31 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:57 Calls.

European Roller Coracias garrulus Belted Kingfisher Ceryle alcyon 8/18 0:00 - 0:43 - 0:55 Calls of a flying couple. 8/32 0:00 - 0:33 Calls. 8/19 0:00 - 0:08 - 0:17 - 0:30 Calls of nestlings: in the third recording the additional “rak”- and “rrae”-calls of the adults. SWIFTS Apodidae

Abyssinian Roller Coracias abyssinicus White-throated Needletail Hirundapus 8/20 0:00 - 0:21 Calls. caudacutus 8/33 0:00 - 0:16 Calls. Broad-billed Roller Eurystomus glaucurus 8/21 0:00 - 0:24 Calls of two flying adults. 31

Common Swift Apus apus Little Swift Apus affinis 8/34 0:00 - 0:27 - 0:54 Flight calls: in the first 8/41 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:47 Calls of troops during recording a small troop. flight. 8/35 0:00 - 2:15 So-called response calls in a colony: in the morning- and evening hours the African Palm-Swift Cypsiurus parvus non-breeders often play flying games and circle 8/42 0:00 - 0:19 Flight calls of a small troop. the buildings where nest boxes are found while calling loudly. The same species of birds breeding here answer out of the nest boxes with MOUSEBIRDS Coliidae response calls. Swifts are hard put in finding new nesting possibilities; nest boxes are therefore Blue-naped Mousebird Urocolius macrourus rarely discovered. Many years of investigation 8/43 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:31 - 0:44 Calls: a small show that swifts can be settled purposefully, if troop in the third recording. response calls are played for them from a sound device. It makes most sense to do this in good weather, especially between 6 and 8 o’clock in PARROTS, MACAWS AND ALLIES the morning and 20 and 21:30 o’clock evenings Psittacidae (during European Summer Time). The best results are achieved if the loudspeaker is attached to or Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri inside the nest box. The best time of year to play 8/44 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:38 - 0:50 - 0:58 Calls: a the response calls is the beginning of May to the small troop in the second recording. beginning of June, but also later - until the end of July - because non-breeders can remember the spot for next spring! The recording on this CD WOODPECKERS AND ALLIES should be played per constant repeat and with Picidae the highest volume (don’t go to maximum volume with old loudspeakers, to avoid overload). This is Eurasian Wryneck Jynx torquilla a soundtrack made especially to settle swifts, 8/45 0:00 - 0:54 - 1:32 The song of a male in which has been proven in practice with great the first recording, followed by the alternating success. More information can be obtained from song of a couple. the Edition AMPLE CD How to Attract Swifts 8/46 0:00 - 0:38 Calls of an almost fully Using Response Calls, which includes exact fledged nestling. instructions in the english, dutch, french and german language. Northern Flicker Colaptes auratus 8/36 0:00 - 0:29 Calls of large nestlings. 8/47 0:00 - 0:14 Song. 8/48 0:00 - 0:12 Calls. Pallid Swift Apus pallidus 8/37 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:51 Flight calls: in the Gray-faced Woodpecker Picus canus second recording a troop. 8/49 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:23 - 0:28 - 0:34 - 0:38 The drumming of the male. ( The gaps between the Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus first three rolls of the first recording are shortened 8/38 0:00 - 0:29 Flight calls. here: the average gap between two rolls of drumming is normally more than half a minute.) Alpine Swift Apus melba 8/50 0:00 - 0:41 - 0:55 Song. 8/39 0:00 - 0:42 - 1:02 - 1:18 Flight calls of 8/51 0:00 - 0:07 Calls. small troops. 8/52 0:00 - 0:08 Calls of nestlings.

White-rumped Swift Apus caffer Eurasian Green Woodpecker Picus viridis 8/40 0:00 - 0:37 - 1:00 First flight calls, in the 8/53 0:00 - 0:43 - 0:53 - 1:11 Song. second recording calls within a small colony. ( the gaps between the lines of song are shortened in the second and third recording.) 8/54 0:00 - 0:08 - 0:18 - 0:27 Flugrufe. 8/55 0:00 - 0:08 Calls of juveniles in the breeding cave. 32

Iberian Green Woodpecker Picus sharpei White-backed Woodpecker Picoides leucotos 8/56 0:00 - 0:09 Song. 8/75 0:00 - 0:29 Drumming. 8/76 0:00 - 0:45 Calls. Levaillant’s Woodpecker Picus vaillantii 8/77 0:00 - 0:09 Calls of nestlings. 8/57 0:00 - 0:14 Drumming. 8/58 0:00 - 0:17 Song. Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Picoides minor 8/59 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:47 - 1:01 Calls: flight calls 8/78 0:00 - 1:05 - 1:44 Drumming. (The gaps in the first two recordings. between the rolls of the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker are very short: per minute up to Black Woodpecker Dryocopus martius fourteen rolls can be heard, sometimes up to 8/60 0:00 - 0:42 - 1:10 - 1:27 Drumming. nineteen.) (The gaps between the three rolls of the second 8/79 0:00 - 0:06 - 0:14 - 0:18 Song. (This bird and third recording are shortened: usually, only kind makes long gaps between the lines of song, one to three, a maximum of four drumrolls per an average of two or more minutes.) minute can be heard in Central Europe, 8/80 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:30 Calls. compared to up to seven rolls per minute in 8/81 0:00 - 0:29 Calls of nestlings. Northern Europe.) 8/61 0:00 - 0:25 Song. Three-toed Woodpecker Picoides tridactylus 8/62 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:46 - 0:56 - 1:15 - 8/82 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:49 Drumming. 1:36 - 1:53 Calls: flight calls in the first four 8/83 0:00 - 0:16 Calls. recordings, in the third and fourth recordings also 8/84 0:00 - 0:17 Calls of nestlings. flight sounds. 8/63 0:00 - 0:32 - 0:55 Calls of large nestlings.

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius 8/64 0:00 - 0:33 Drumming. CD 9 [73:39 Minutes] 8/65 0:00 - 0:08 Calls.

Great Spotted Woodpecker Picoides major LARKS Alaudidae 8/66 0:00 - 0:32 - 0:53 - 1:04 - 1:20 - 1:28 Drumming. ( The gaps between the rolls from the Black-crowned Sparrow-Lark Eremopterix second to the fifth recording are shortened: nigriceps generally, five to eight drumrolls per minute are 9/1 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:30 Flight song of the male: heard.) also fluttering noises in the first recording. 8/67 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:22 - 0:40 - 0:50 - 0:56 - 9/2 0:00 - 0:11 Calls. 1:06 - 1:17 Calls: nestlings in the background of the second and third recording. Kordofan Lark Mirafra cordofanica 8/68 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:43 - 1:05 Calls of large 9/3 0:00 - 0:48 Song of a male. nestlings. Dunn’s Lark Eremalauda dunni Syrian Woodpecker Picoides syriacus 9/4 0:00 - 0:26 Song of a male. 8/69 0:00 - 0:26 Drumming. ( The gaps 9/5 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:27 Calls. between the five drumrolls are shortened: generally, five or six drumrolls are heard per Bar-tailed Lark Ammomanes cincturus minute.) 9/6 0:00 - 0:23 - 1:09 - 1:37 Song of the male: 8/70 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:26 - 0:53 - 1:10 Calls. sung during flight in the first two recordings. 9/7 0:00 - 0:31 - 0:50 - 1:00 Calls. Middle Spotted Woodpecker Picoides medius 8/71 0:00 - 0:10 Drumming. Desert Lark Ammomanes deserti 8/72 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:32 - 0:43 - 0:58 Song: 9/8 0:00 - 1:07 - 1:49 Flight song of the male. alternating with calls near the end of the fourth (The first recording was made in Northwest recording. Africa, the second in the Middle East.) 8/73 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:38 Calls. 9/9 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:22 Calls: a small, flying 8/74 0:00 - 0:10 Calls of nestlings. troop in the second recording. 33

Greater Hoopoe-Lark Alaemon alaudipes Wood Lark Lullula arborea 9/10 0:00 - 1:17 Song of a male. 9/30 0:00 - 0:44 - 1:20 Song of the male. 9/11 0:00 - 0:16 Calls. 9/31 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:18 - 0:22 Calls.

Dupont’s Lark Chersophilus duponti Oriental Skylark Alauda gulgula 9/12 0:00 - 0:33 - 1:07 - 1:46 Song of a male. 9/32 0:00 - 0:16 Calls.

Thick-billed Lark Ramphocoris clotbey Sky Lark Alauda arvensis 9/13 0:00 - 0:26 Flight song of a male. 9/33 0:00 - 0:31 - 0:52 - 1:10 Song of the 9/14 0:00 - 0:59 Calls of a flying male, male: sung during flight in the first two interrupted by song from 0:09 to 0:14. recordings. 9/34 0:00 - 0:07 Flight calls. Calandra Lark Melanocorypha calandra 9/15 0:00 - 0:48 Flight song of a male. Razo Lark Alauda razae 9/16 0:00 - 0:10 Flight calls. 9/35 0:00 - 0:16 Flight song of a male. 9/36 0:00 - 0:08 Calls. Bimaculated Lark Melanocorypha bimaculata Horned Lark Eremophila alpestris 9/17 0:00 - 1:22 Flight song of a male. 9/37 0:00 - 0:31 - 1:39 Song of the male. 9/38 0:00 - 0:13 Flight calls. White-winged Lark Melanocorypha leucoptera 9/18 0:00 - 0:31 Flight song of a male. Temminck’s Lark Eremophila bilopha 9/19 0:00 - 0:07 Calls. 9/39 0:00 - 0:35 - 1:00 Song of the male. 9/40 0:00 - 0:07 Calls. Black Lark Melanocorypha yeltoniensis 9/20 0:00 - 0:28 Flight song of a male. 9/21 0:00 - 0:07 Calls. WAGTAILS AND PIPITS Motacillinae

Greater Short-toed Lark Calandrella Richard’s Pipit Anthus richardi brachydactyla 9/41 0:00 - 0:19 Flight song of a male. 9/22 0:00 - 1:03 Flight song of a male. 9/42 0:00 - 0:09 Flight calls. 9/23 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:21 Calls. Blyth’s Pipit Anthus godlewskii Lesser Short-toed Lark Calandrella rufescens 9/43 0:00 - 0:25 Flight song of two males. 9/24 0:00 - 0:57 - 1:28 Flight song of the male. 9/44 0:00 - 0:08 Calls. 9/25 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:32 Flight calls. Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris Crested Lark Galerida cristata 9/45 0:00 - 0:27 - 0:39 - 0:58 - 1:20 - 1:37 - 9/26 0:00 - 0:36 - 1:10 - 1:45 - 2:22 Song of 1:55 - 2:07 - 2:22 Song of the male. the male. 9/46 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:30 Flight calls. 9/27 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:28 - 0:36 Calls. Berthelot’s Pipit Anthus berthelotii Thekla Lark Galerida theklae 9/47 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:22 Flight song of the male. 9/28 0:00 - 1:05 Song of a male. 9/48 0:00 - 0:12 Flight calls. 9/29 0:00 - 0:15 Calls. Long-billed Pipit Anthus similis 9/49 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:40 Song of the male. 9/50 0:00 - 0:09 Calls. 34

Olive-backed Pipit Anthus hodgsoni Gray Wagtail Motacilla cinerea 9/51 0:00 - 0:54 - 1:30 Flight song of the male. 9/68 0:00 - 0:27 - 0:33 Song of a male: sung 9/52 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:20 Calls: flight calls in the as a twittering song during flight in the second second recording. recording. 9/69 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:36 - 0:45 Calls. Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis 9/53 0:00 - 0:30 - 0:53 Song of the male: sung White Wagtail Motacilla alba during flight in the first recording. 9/70 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:27 - 0:36 Song of the 9/54 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:38 - 1:09 - 1:17 Calls: male: sung as a twittering song in the first flight calls in the fourth recording. recording. 9/71 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:16 Calls: flight calls in the Pechora Pipit Anthus gustavi first recording. 9/55 0:00 - 0:34 Flight song of a male. African Pied-Wagtail Motacilla aguimp Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis 9/72 0:00 - 0:16 Song of a male. 9/56 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:51 - 1:23 - 1:36 - 1:54 9/73 0:00 - 0:21 Calls. Song of the male, partially during flight. 9/57 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:26 - 0:34 - 0:40 Calls: the flight calls of a small troop during fall-time SWALLOWS Hirundinidae migration in the first recording. Plain Martin Riparia paludicola Red-throated Pipit Anthus cervinus 9/74 0:00 - 0:12 Flight song. 9/58 0:00 - 0:54 Flight song of a male. 9/75 0:00 - 0:17 Flight calls. 9/59 0:00 - 0:33 - 0:45 First the calls of a couple near the nest; calls of a male in the Bank Swallow Riparia riparia second recording, which change over to song. 9/76 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:30 - 0:43 Song: sung during flight in the second and third recording. Rock Pipit Anthus petrosus 9/77 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:32 - 0:43 - 1:01 Calls in 9/60 0:00 - 0:24 - 1:03 - 1:15 Song of the different-sized colonies. male: (the song of a Sky Lark in the background of the second recording, among others). Banded Martin Riparia cincta 9/61 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:33 - 0:46 Calls. 9/78 0:00 - 0:27 Flight song. 9/79 0:00 - 0:09 Calls. Water Pipit Anthus spinoletta 9/62 0:00 - 1:11 Flight song of a male. Rock Martin Ptyonoprogne fuligula 9/63 0:00 - 0:32 Calls. 9/80 0:00 - 0:35 Song. 9/81 0:00 - 0:09 Flight calls. Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava 9/64 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:39 Song of a male. Eurasian Crag-Martin Ptyonoprogne rupestris 9/65 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:21 Calls. 9/82 0:00 - 0:16 Flight song. 9/83 0:00 - 1:03 Flight calls. Yellow-hooded Wagtail Motacilla citreola 9/66 0:00 - 0:31 Song of a male. Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica 9/67 0:00 - 0:13 Calls. 9/84 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:38 - 0:57 Song of the male. 9/85 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:28 - 0:36 - 0:51 - 0:58 - 1:08 Calls.

Ethiopian Swallow Hirundo aethiopica 9/86 0:00 - 0:11 Flight song. 9/87 0:00 - 0:14 Flight calls.

Wire-tailed Swallow Hirundo smithii 9/88 0:00 - 0:16 Song. 9/89 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:19 - 0:27 Calls. 35

Red-rumped Swallow Hirundo daurica ACCENTORS Prunellinae 9/90 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:43 - 1:00 Song of the male. Dunnock Prunella modularis 9/91 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:37 - 0:47 - 0:55 Calls: 10/12 0:00 - 0:59 - 1:33 - 1:50 Song of the alternating with song in the first recording. male: also the sounds of take-off from 0:54 in the first recording. House Martin Delichon urbica 10/13 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:22 - 0:29 - 0:36 Calls. 9/92 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:42 - 1:01 Song of the male. Siberian Accentor Prunella montanella 9/93 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:22 - 0:32 - 0:40 Calls. 10/14 0:00 - 0:44 Song of a male (the calls of a Rostschwanzdrossel in the background).

Black-throated Accentor Prunella atrogularis 10/15 0:00 - 0:41 - 1:18 Song of the male. CD 10 [65:43 Minutes] Alpine Accentor Prunella collaris 10/16 0:00 - 0:32 - 0:46 Song of the male. BULBULS Pycnonotidae 10/17 0:00 - 0:27 - 0:40 Calls. 10/18 0:00 - 0:09 Calls of large nestlings: White-spectacled Bulbul Pycnonotus also the calls of an adult at 0:07. xanthopygos 10/1 0:00 - 0:43 - 1:26 First, a singing male each in the fore- and background, in the second STARLINGS Sturnini recording a small troop: calls are also heard next to the song. Tristram’s Starling Onychognathus tristramii 10/2 0:00 - 0:33 - 0:58 Calls: a small troop in 10/19 0:00 - 0:29 - 0:58 - 1:28 - 1:46 Calls: the second recording. in the second recording, from 0:53 also flight noise (calls of a Gecko in the background at 0:37, Common Bulbul Pycnonotus barbatus 0:40 and 0:49); a flying troop in the third 10/3 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:27 - 1:42 Three recordings recording. of always one singing male each in the fore- and background: calls from 0:34 to 0:41. European Starling Sturnus vulgaris 10/4 0:00 - 0:16 Calls of a small troop. 10/20 0:00 - 0:31 - 1:04 - 1:28 - 2:17 - 2:34 - 2:47 Song of the maIe in the first four recordings, in the fifth and sixth recording the WAXWINGS Bombycillidae choral singing during the winter. 10/21 0:00 - 0:08 - 0:16 Calls. Bohemian Waxwing Bombycilla garrulus 10/22 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:22 - 0:41 Calls of troops 10/5 0:00 - 0:35 Song of a male. of fully-fledged juveniles in the first two 10/6 0:00 - 0:19 Calls of a troop in the winter. recordings. Calls of large nestlings in the third recording: calls of one of the adults in the background. DIPPERS Cinclidae Spotless Starling Sturnus unicolor White-throated Dipper Cinclus cinclus 10/23 0:00 - 0:37 - 0:57 Song of the male. 10/7 0:00 - 1:16 Song. 10/24 0:00 - 0:29 - 0:38 Calls. 10/8 0:00 - 0:05 - 0:11 Flight calls. 10/25 0:00 - 0:11 Calls of nestlings (calls of Sparrows in the background). WRENS Troglodytinae

Winter Wren Troglodytes troglodytes 10/9 0:00 - 0:49 - 1:20 - 1:38 Song of the male. 10/10 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:35 Calls 10/11 0:00 - 0:16 Calls of about one-week-old nestlings. 36

Rosy Starling Sturnus roseus Gray-cheeked Thrush Catharus minimus 10/26 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:42 Calls in the vicinity of 10/43 0:00 - 0:38 Song of a male. the colony: the second recording was made inside a stable where the nests were found Bicknell’s Thrush Catharus bicknelli underneath the roof. 10/44 0:00 - 0:07 Calls.

Common Myna Acridotheres tristis Veery Catharus fuscescens 10/27 0:00 - 1:00 Song of a troop. 10/45 0:00 - 0:32 Song of a male.

Tickell’s Thrush Turdus unicolor MOCKINGBIRDS AND THRASHERS 10/46 0:00 - 0:38 Song of a male. Mimini 10/47 0:00 - 0:13 Calls.

Brown Thrasher Toxostoma rufum Ring Ouzel Turdus torquatus 10/28 0:00 - 0:30 Song. 10/48 0:00 - 0:33 - 1:13 - 1:53 Song of a male. 10/29 0:00 - 0:08 Calls. 10/49 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:26 Calls.

Gray Catbird Dumetella carolinensis Eurasian Blackbird Turdus merula 10/30 0:00 - 0:40 Song. 10/50 0:00 - 0:50 - 1:30 - 1:39 Song of the 10/31 0:00 - 0:20 Calls. male: rivalry song of two arguing males in the third recording. 10/51 0:00 - 0:36 - 0:46 Song of the male of THUSHES AND ALLIES Turdinae the Northwest African subspecies Turdus merula mauritanicus (the calls of a Common Chaffinch Rufous-tailed Rock-Thrush Monticola saxatilis in the background of the first recording, among 10/32 0:00 - 0:30 - 1:05 - 1:27 Song of the others). male: sung during flight in the third recording. 10/52 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:22 - 0:38 - 0:58 - 1:13 - 10/33 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:36 Calls: in the first 1:24 - 1:36 Calls. recording from 0:19 on, also the sounds of take 10/53 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:25 Calls of the off. subspecies Turdus merula mauritanicus. 10/54 0:00 - 0:33 Calls of a fully-fledged Blue Rock-Thrush Monticola solitarius juvenile: calls of the adults in the background, 10/34 0:00 - 0:40 - 0:55 - 1:10 Song of the among others. male: sung during flight in the third recording. 10/35 0:00 - 0:08 - 0:27 - 0:43 Calls. Eyebrowed Thrush Turdus obscurus 10/55 0:00 - 0:35 Song of a male. Scaly Thrush Zoothera dauma 10/56 0:00 - 0:18 Calls. 10/36 0:00 - 0:48 Song. Naumann’s Thrush Turdus naumanni Siberian Thrush Zoothera sibirica Some authors combine the Naumann’s Thrush 10/37 0:00 - 0:36 Song of the male. and the Dusky Thrush under the name Naumann’s Thrush. Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina 10/57 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:32 Song of the male. 10/38 0:00 - 0:33 Song of a male. 10/58 0:00 - 0:07 Calls. 10/39 0:00 - 0:06 Calls. Dusky Thrush Turdus eunomus Hermit Thrush Catharus guttatus Some authors combine the Naumann’s Thrush 10/40 0:00 - 0:37 Song of a male. and the Dusky Thrush under the name Naumann’s Thrush. Swainson’s Thrush Catharus ustulatus 10/59 0:00 - 0:34 Song of a male. 10/41 0:00 - 0:36 Song of a male. 10/60 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:31 - 1:00 Calls. 10/42 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:15 Calls. 37

Black-throated Thrush Turdus atrogularis European Robin Erithacus rubecula Red-throated Thrush Turdus ruficollis 11/3 0:00 - 0:37 - 1:19 - 2:03 Song of the Some authors combine the Black-throated male: in the third recording the fight song that is Thrush and the Red-throated Thrush under the heard during the act of fighting. name Black-throated Thrush. 11/4 0:00 - 0:32 Song of a male of the Black-throated Thrushes are heard here. subspecies Erithacus rubecula superbus 10/61 0:00 - 0:39 Song of a male. found on Gran Canaria and Teneriffa. 10/62 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:26 Calls. 11/5 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:26 - 0:35 Calls.

Fieldfare Turdus pilaris Thrush Nightingale Luscinia luscinia 10/63 0:00 - 0:29 - 0:46 First the flight song of 11/6 0:00 - 0:30 - 1:13 - 1:57 Song of the a male; in the second recording the choral male. singing of a resting troop in the winter, and a 11/7 0:00 - 0:08 Calls. couple of calls. 10/64 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:24 - 0:33 - 0:42 Calls. Common Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos 11/8 0:00 - 0:58 - 1:38 - 2:17 - 3:01 - 3:39 Song Thrush Turdus philomelos Song of the male: especially in the third recording 10/65 0:00 - 1:36 - 3:23 - 4:09 Song of the not only in the back-, but also in the foreground. male. 11/9 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:25 - 0:32 Calls. 10/66 0:00 - 0:07 - 0:27 - 0:51 - 0:55 Calls (the calls of a Rotkehlchen in the background of Siberian Rubythroat Luscinia calliope the second recording, among others). 11/10 0:00 - 0:30 - 1:43 - 2:20 Song of the male. Redwing Turdus iliacus 10/67 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:55 - 1:07 - 1:17 - 1:31 Bluethroat Luscinia svecica Song of the male in the first four recordings, in 11/11 0:00 - 0:29 - 1:00 - 1:33 - 2:12 Song of the fifth recording the choral singing of a the male (the song of a Redwing in the migrating troop in the winter. background of the fourth recording). 10/68 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:30 - 0:41 - 1:02 Calls. 11/12 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:28 Calls.

Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus Red-flanked Bluetail Tarsiger cyanurus 10/69 0:00 - 0:41 - 0:53 Song of the male. 11/13 0:00 - 0:42 - 1:17 Song of the male. 10/70 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:26 - 0:34 Calls. 11/14 0:00 - 0:25 Calls.

American Robin Turdus migratorius White-throated Robin Irania gutturalis 10/71 0:00 - 0:28 Song of a male. 11/15 0:00 - 0:33 - 1:29 Song of the male. 10/72 0:00 - 0:10 Calls. 11/16 0:00 - 0:11 Calls.

Rufous-backed Redstart Phoenicurus erythronotus 11/17 0:00 - 0:19 Song of a male. CD 11 [67:55 Minutes] Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros 11/18 0:00 - 0:30 - 0:45 - 1:03 - 1:18 - 1:55 OLD WORLD FLYCATCHERS Song of a male: also, calls in the fifth recording. Saxicolini 11/19 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:30 - 0:41 - 0:53 Calls.

Rufous-tailed Scrub-Robin Cercotrichas Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus galactotes 11/20 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:58 - 1:37 - 2:03 Song of a 11/1 0:00 - 0:38 - 1:18 Song of the male. male. 11/21 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:40 Calls. Black Scrub-Robin Cercotrichas podobe 11/2 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:45 Song of the male. 38

Moussier’s Redstart Phoenicurus moussieri Seebohm’s Wheatear Oenanthe seebohmi 11/22 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:33 - 0:50 Song of a male: 11/41 0:00 - 2:12 Song of a male. during strong arousal in the second and third 11/42 0:00 - 0:08 Calls. recording. 11/23 0:00 - 0:22 Calls. Pied Wheatear Oenanthe pleschanka 11/43 0:00 - 0:43 - 1:44 Song of the male. Familiar Chat Cercomela familiaris 11/44 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:29 - 0:37 Calls. 11/24 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:47 First, a singing male; in the second recording calls and fighting song Cyprus Wheatear Oenanthe cypriaca during an argument of birds of the same kind. 11/45 0:00 - 0:59 - 1:42 Song of a male: in the background the song of a second male, among Blackstart Cercomela melanura others. 11/25 0:00 - 0:47 - 1:20 Song of the male. 11/46 0:00 - 0:07 Calls. 11/26 0:00 - 0:27 - 0:56 Calls, from 0:50 also fluttering noises: in the background of the first Black-eared Wheatear Oenanthe hispanica recording a fully-fledged juvenile, in the Eastern Black-eared Wheatear Oenanthe background of the second recording the song of melanoleuca the male. These two semispecies are also combined, and concur in their sounds. Whinchat Saxicola rubetra 11/47 0:00 - 0:37 - 1:05 - 1:27 Song of the 11/27 0:00 - 0:32 - 1:18 Song of the male. male: alternating with calls in the third recording. 11/28 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:23 Calls. 11/48 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:22 - 0:36 Calls.

Canary Islands Chat Saxicola dacotiae Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti 11/29 0:00 - 0:16 Song of a male. 11/49 0:00 - 0:32 - 1:47 Song of the male: 11/30 0:00 - 0:14 Calls. interrupted from 0:40 to 1:09 by a longer series of calls. Stonechat Saxicola rubicola 11/31 0:00 - 0:34 - 1:02 Song of the male. Finsch’s Wheatear Oenanthe finschii 11/32 0:00 - 0:19 Calls. 11/50 0:00 - 1:01 Song of a male. 11/51 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:25 Calls. Siberian Stonechat Saxicola maura 11/33 0:00 - 0:49 Song of a male. Red-rumped Wheatear Oenanthe moesta 11/34 0:00 - 0:19 Calls. 11/52 0:00 - 0:48 - 1:09 Song of a male. 11/53 0:00 - 0:10 Calls. Northern Anteater-Chat Myrmecocichla aethiopis Red-tailed Wheatear 11/35 0:00 - 0:28 Song of a male. Oenanthe xanthoprymna 11/36 0:00 - 0:07 Calls. Oenanthe chrysopygia The Oenanthe chrysopygia is treated as a Isabelline Wheatear Oenanthe isabellina subspecies of the Red-tailed Wheatear by some 11/37 0:00 - 0:35 - 1:06 - 1:32 Song of a male. authors. Here, a Oenanthe chrysopygia is heard. 11/38 0:00 - 0:05 - 0:11 Calls. 11/54 0:00 - 0:55 Song of a male.

Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe Mourning Wheatear 11/39 0:00 - 1:12 - 1:24 Song of the male. Oenanthe lugens 11/40 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:42 - 0:52 Calls: in the first 11/55 0:00 - 0:54 - 1:44 Song of the male. recording, from 0:09, also sounds of take-off. 39

Western Mourning Wheatear Oenanthe 12/14 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:38 - 0:50 Calls: halophila alternating with elements of song in the third 11/56 0:00 - 1:05 - 1:39 Song: first a male, in recording. the second recording a female. 11/57 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:21 - 0:30 Calls. SHRIKES Laniidae White-tailed Wheatear Oenanthe leucopyga 11/58 0:00 - 0:48 - 1:23 - 2:00 Song of the Black-crowned Tchagra Tchagra senegala male. 12/15 0:00 - 1:21 Sounds of a small troop: 11/59 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:21 - 0:33 Calls. song of the male and calls.

Black Wheatear Oenanthe leucura Brown Shrike Lanius cristatus 11/60 0:00 - 0:48 - 1:20 - 1:31 Song of the 12/16 0:00 - 0:16 Song of a male. male. 12/17 0:00 - 0:14 Calls (the song of a Tree Pipit 11/61 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:23 Calls. in the background).

Rufous-tailed Shrike Lanius isabellinus 12/18 0:00 - 0:30 Song of a male. 12/19 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:14 Calls. CD 12 [62:25 Minutes] Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio 12/20 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:46 - 0:58 Song of a male. OLD WORLD FLYCATCHERS 12/21 0:00 - 0:08 - 0:15 - 0:27 Calls: the calls Muscicapini of a couple in the third recording - one of the partners in the foreground, the other is farther Asian Brown Flycatcher Muscicapa dauurica away (the songs of a European Turtle Dove and a 12/1 0:00 - 0:37 Song of a male. Golden Oriole in the background). 12/2 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:17 Calls. 12/22 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:32 Calls of large nestlings: the young of the second recording are Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata about twelve days old. 12/3 0:00 - 0:30 - 1:10 Song of the male (the song of a Great Tit in the background of the Lesser Gray Shrike Lanius minor second recording, among others). 12/23 0:00 - 1:04 Song of a male. 12/4 0:00 - 0:08 - 0:22 - 0:34 Calls. 12/24 0:00 - 0:11 Calls.

Red-breasted Flycatcher Ficedula parva Northern Shrike Lanius excubitor 12/5 0:00 - 0:42 - 1:15 Song of the male. 12/25 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:28 - 0:42 - 0:57 Song. 12/6 0:00 - 0:07 Calls. 12/26 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:24 - 0:48 Calls. 12/27 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:31 First the calls of fully- Taiga Flycatcher Ficedula albicilla fledged juveniles, in the second recording the 12/7 0:00 - 0:10 Song of a male. calls of nestlings. 12/8 0:00 - 0:07 Calls. Southern Gray Shrike Lanius meridionalis Semicollared Flycatcher Ficedula Steppe Gray Shrike Lanius pallidirostris semitorquata Southern Gray- and Steppe Gray Shrike concur 12/9 0:00 - 0:28 Song of a male. in their sounds and are combined by some 12/10 0:00 - 0:12 Calls. authors. Here, Southern Gray Shrikes are heard. 12/28 0:00 - 0:31 - 0:48 - 1:09 - 1:35 - Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis 1:56 - 2:12 Song. 12/11 0:00 - 0:37 - 1:23 - 1:49 Song of the 12/29 0:00 - 0:16 Calls. male. 12/30 0:00 - 0:19 Calls of fully-fledged 12/12 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:20 Calls. juveniles.

European Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca 12/13 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:50 - 1:22 Song of the male. 40

Gray-backed Fiscal Lanius excubitorius Red-billed Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax 12/31 0:00 - 0:30 Calls of a small troop. 12/50 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:35 - 1:03 - 1:31 - 2:01 Calls: colonies from the third to the fifth Woodchat Shrike Lanius senator recording. 12/32 0:00 - 0:37 - 1:08 Song. 12/51 0:00 - 0:13 Calls of large nestlings in a 12/33 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:26 - 0:35 - 0:52 Calls. colony.

Masked Shrike Lanius nubicus Eurasian Jackdaw Corvus monedula 12/34 0:00 - 0:39 Song of a male. 12/52 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:55 - 1:41 - 2:14 Calls of 12/35 0:00 - 0:10 Calls. troops.

Daurian Jackdaw Corvus dauuricus VIREOS AND ALLIES Vireonidae 12/53 0:00 - 0:09 Calls.

Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus House Crow Corvus splendens 12/36 0:00 - 0:25 Song. 12/54 0:00 - 0:43 Calls of a troop.

Rook Corvus frugilegus CROWS, JAYS AND MAGPIES 12/55 0:00 - 0:27 - 0:43 - 1:05 - 1:16 - 1:23 - Corvini 1:32 - 1:36 Calls in the near vicinity of colonies.

Eurasian Jay Garrulus glandarius Carrion Crow Corvus corone 12/37 0:00 - 0:40 Song of a male. Hooded Crow Corvus cornix 12/38 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:27 - 0:38 - 0:48 - 1:01 - These two semispecies are combined by some 1:10 - 1:22 - 1:33 - 1:41 Calls. authors under the description Carrion Crow and concur with their sounds. The birds heard here Siberian Jay Perisoreus infaustus are almost all Carrion Crows. 12/39 0:00 - 0:37 - 0:50 Calls. 12/56 0:00 - 0:33 - 1:10 - 1:30 - 1:45 - 1:58 - 2:15 - 2:21 - 2:30 - 2:38 - 2:47 - 2:53 - 2:59 - Azure-winged Magpie Cyanopica cyanus 3:10 - 3:18 - 3:23 Calls and sounds of flight, 12/40 0:00 - 0:38 - 1:09 - 1:25 Calls: a small partially from troops. troop in the second and third recording. 12/41 0:00 - 0:24 Calls of nestlings. Pied Crow Corvus albus 12/57 0:00 - 0:17 Calls. Common Magpie Pica pica 12/42 0:00 - 0:40 - 0:54 Song. Brown-necked Raven Corvus ruficollis 12/43 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:28 - 0:43 - 0:52 - 1:11 - 12/58 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:15 - 1:02 Calls. 1:23 - 1:31 - 1:39 - 1:47 - 1:57 Calls of solitary birds, couples, and troops. Common Raven Corvus corax 12/44 0:00 - 0:13 Calls of the in Northwest 12/59 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:27 - 0:45 - 0:56 - 1:15 - Africa breeding subspecies Pica pica 1:32 - 1:43 - 2:00 - 2:06 - 2:22 - 2:29 Calls of mauritanica. solitary birds, couples, and troops: in the first two 12/45 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:58 - 1:21 First the calls of recordings also flight sounds. fully-fledged juveniles, in the second and third recording the calls of a one-week-old nestling. Fan-tailed Raven Corvus rhipidurus 12/46 0:00 - 0:16 Calls of a fully-fledged 12/60 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:45 - 1:14 - 1:35 - 1:57 juvenile of the subspecies Pica pica mauritanica. Calls: in the third recording, from 1:08 also sounds of take-off. Eurasian Nutcracker Nucifraga caryocatactes 12/47 0:00 - 0:10 Song. 12/48 0:00 - 0:57 - 1:20 - 1:54 Calls.

Yellow-billed Chough Pyrrhocorax graculus 12/49 0:00 - 0:30 - 0:53 - 1:15 - 1:26 Calls: a large troop in the fourth recording. 41

OLD WORLD ORIOLES Oriolini OLD WORLD WARBLERS Sylviini

Eurasian Golden-Oriole Oriolus oriolus Marmora’s Warbler Sylvia sarda 12/61 0:00 - 0:32 - 1:09 - 1:22 - 1:35 - 1:44 Balearic Warbler Sylvia balearica Song of the male: interrupted by calls in the third Marmora’s- and Balearic Warblers make a recording, in the fourth and fifth recording superspecies together. Here, Marmora’s Warblers muffled song (subsong). are heard. 12/62 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:30 - 0:36 Calls. 13/9 0:00 - 0:53 - 1:03 Song of the male. 12/63 0:00 - 0:19 Calls of a fully-fledged 13/10 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:29 Calls. juvenile. Dartford Warbler Sylvia undata 13/11 0:00 - 0:52 - 1:08 Song of the male. 13/12 0:00 - 0:12 Calls.

CD 13 [59:44 Minutes] Tristram’s Warbler Sylvia derserticola 13/13 0:00 - 0:40 Song of a male. 13/14 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:31 Calls. SUNBIRDS AND SPIDERHUNTERS Nectariniidae Spectacled Warbler Sylvia conspicillata 13/15 0:00 - 0:51 - 1:11 Song of the male. Pygmy Sunbird Anthreptes platurus 13/16 0:00 - 0:17 Calls. Nile Valley Sunbird Anthreptes metallicus Pygmy- and Nile Valley Sunbirds are seen as the Subalpine Warbler Sylvia cantillans same by some authors. 13/17 0:00 - 0:23 - 1:27 Song of the male. Here, Pygmy Sumbirds are heard. 13/18 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:29 Calls. 13/1 0:00 - 0:21 Song of a male. 13/2 0:00 - 0:13 Calls of a male, interrupted by Menetries’ Warbler Sylvia mystacea song. 13/19 0:00 - 1:15 Song of a male.

Palestine Sunbird Nectarinia osea Sardinian Warbler Sylvia melanocephala 13/3 0:00 - 0:26 Song of a male. 13/20 0:00 - 0:42 Song of a male. 13/4 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:22 Calls. 13/21 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:23 - 0:40 - 0:48 Calls.

Cyprus Warbler Sylvia melanothorax BABBLERS Timaliini 13/22 0:00 - 0:50 - 1:42 Song of a male. 13/23 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:28 - 0:37 Calls Bearded Reedling Panurus biarmicus 13/5 0:00 - 1:28 Calls of a small troop. Rueppell’s Warbler Sylvia rueppelli 13/24 0:00 - 0:44 - 1:16 Song of a male. Arabian Babbler Turdoides squamiceps 13/25 0:00 - 0:24 Calls. 13/6 0:00 - 1:13 Calls of a small troop. Desert Warbler Sylvia nana Fulvous Chatterer Turdoides fulvus African Desert Warbler Sylvia deserti 13/7 0:00 - 0:46 Sounds of a small troop: song Here, the African Desert Warbler is heard: it is from 0:20 to 0:40, calls before and after this. seen as a sub-kind of the Desert Warbler by 13/8 0:00 - 0:21 Calls. some authors. 13/26 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:56 Song of the male. 13/27 0:00 - 0:26 Calls. 42

Red Sea Warbler Sylvia leucomelaena 13/45 0:00 - 0:06 - 0:28 First the calls of fully 13/28 0:00 - 0:47 Song of a male: calls of the fledged juveniles, calls of large nestlings in the female in the background. second recording. 13/29 0:00 - 0:23 Calls.

Western Orphean Warbler Sylvia hortensis OLD WORLD WARBLERS 13/30 0:00 - 1:04 - 1:33 Song of the male. Hippolaiini 13/31 0:00 - 0:08 - 0:17 - 0:31 - 0:36 Calls. Eastern Olivaceous Warbler Hippolais pallida Eastern Orphean Warbler 13/46 0:00 - 0:54 - 1:14 Song of the male. Sylvia crassirostris 13/47 0:00 - 0:08 - 0:30 Calls. 13/32 0:00 - 0:38 - 1:37 - 1:56 Song of the male. Western Olivaceous Warbler Hippolais opaca 13/33 0:00 - 0:13 Calls. 13/48 0:00 - 0:59 Song of a male (a singing Common Nightingale in the background). Barred Warbler Sylvia nisoria 13/49 0:00 - 0:07 - 0:13 - 0:18 Calls. 13/34 0:00 - 1:04 - 1:21 Song of the male. 13/35 0:00 - 0:17 Calls. Booted Warbler Hippolais caligata 13/50 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:50 - 1:15 Song of a male: Lesser White-throat Sylvia curruca in the third recording mixed with calls. Hume’s White-throat Sylvia althaea Small White-throat Sylvia minula Sykes’ Warbler Hippolais rama Hume’s- and Small White-throat are seen as a 13/51 0:00 - 0:42 Song of a male. sub-kind of the Lesser White-throat by some authors. Here, Lesser White-throats are heard. Upcher’s Warbler Hippolais languida 13/36 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:44 - 0:59 Song of the 13/52 0:00 - 2:11 Song of a male. male: muffled song (subsong) in the third recording. Olive-tree Warbler Hippolais olivetorum 13/37 0:00 - 0:19 Calls. 13/53 0:00 - 0:31 Song of a male. 13/54 0:00 - 0:07 Calls. Greater White-throat Sylvia communis 13/38 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:52 - 1:11 - 1:38 - 2:01 - Icterine Warbler Hippolais icterina 2:10 - 2:21 Song of a male: muffled song 13/55 0:00 - 0:58 - 1:34 - 2:02 Song of the (subsong) in the seventh recording. male. 13/39 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:23 - 0:33 - 0:56 - 1:05 13/56 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:25 - 0:35 Calls. Calls. Melodious Warbler Hippolais polyglotta Garden Warbler Sylvia borin 13/57 0:00 - 1:05 - 1:37 Song of the male. 13/40 0:00 - 0:49 - 1:14 - 2:30 - 2:51 Song of 13/58 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:19 - 0:39 Calls: in the the male: muffled song (subsong) in the fourth third recording, from 0:23, also juveniles. recording. 13/41 0:00 - 0:09 Calls. 13/42 0:00 - 0:18 Calls of large nestlings.

Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla CD 14 [66:30 Minutes] 13/43 0:00 - 0:48 - 1:32 - 1:57 - 2:30 - 2:50 - 3:08 Song of the male: muffled song (subsong) in the sixth recording. OLD WORLD WARBLERS 13/44 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:59 - 1:15 - 1:24 - 1:32 Acrocephalini Calls. Moustached Warbler Acrocephalus melanopogon 14/1 0:00 - 0:44 - 1:46 - 2:17 Song of the male. 14/2 0:00 - 0:13 Calls. 43

Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola CISTICOLAS AND ALLIES 14/3 0:00 - 0:57 - 1:29 Song of the male. Cisticolidae 14/4 0:00 - 0:15 Calls. Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis Sedge Warbler 14/23 0:00 - 0:46 Flight song of a male. Acrocephalus schoenobaenus 14/24 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:21 Calls. 14/5 0:00 - 0:38 - 1:03 - 1:31 - 1:52 Song of the male. Graceful Prinia Prinia gracilis 14/6 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:20 Calls. 14/25 0:00 - 0:50 - 1:16 Song of the male. 14/26 0:00 - 0:36 - 0:49 - 0:55 Calls. Paddyfield Warbler Acrocephalus agricola 14/7 0:00 - 1:41 Song of a male. Streaked Scrub-Warbler Scotocerca inquieta 14/27 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:45 Song of a male. Blyth’s Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus 14/28 0:00 - 0:18 Calls of a male: interrupted dumetorum by elements of song at 0:07/0:08 and 0:14; at 14/8 0:00 - 2:33 - 3:26 Song of the male. 0:12 also fluttering noises.

Cape Verde Swamp-Warbler Acrocephalus Cricket Longtail Spiloptila clamans brevipennis 14/29 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:31 - 0:46 - 1:00 14/9 0:00 - 0:29 Song of a male. Song: a trio in the fourth recording. 14/10 0:00 - 0:13 Calls.

Marsh Warbler Acrocephalus palustris OLD WORLD WARBLERS 14/11 0:00 - 0:40 - 1:57 - 2:25 - 3:08 Song of Locustellini the male. 14/12 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:29 Calls. Pallas’ Warbler Locustella certhiola 14/30 0:00 - 0:37 Song of a male. Eurasian Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus Lanceolated Warbler Locustella lanceolata 14/13 0:00 - 1:25 - 2:15 - 2:38 Song of the 14/31 0:00 - 0:37 Song of a male. male. 14/14 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:29 - 0:37 Calls. Grasshopper Warbler Locustella naevia 14/15 0:00 - 0:09 Calls of one-week-old 14/32 0:00 - 0:33 - 1:20 - 1:32 Song of the nestlings. male. 14/33 0:00 - 0:13 Calls. Clamorous Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus stentoreus Eurasian River Warbler Locustella fluviatilis 14/16 0:00 - 0:56 Song of a male. 14/34 0:00 - 0:49 Song of a male. 14/17 0:00 - 0:23 Calls. 14/35 0:00 - 0:10 Calls of a male: from 0:02 to 0:04 and from 0:08 elements of song. Great Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus Savi’s Warbler Locustella luscinioides 14/18 0:00 - 0:35 - 1:32 - 1:59 Song of the 14/36 0:00 - 0:52 Song of a male. male: in the third recording short song. 14/37 0:00 - 0:08 Calls. 14/19 0:00 - 0:21 Calls. Gray’s Warbler Locustella fasciolata Thick-billed Warbler Acrocephalus aedon 14/38 0:00 - 0:32 Song of a male. 14/20 0:00 - 0:36 Song of a male.

OLD WORLD WARBLERS Cettiini OLD WORLD WARBLERS Phylloscopini Cetti’s Warbler Cettia cetti 14/21 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:45 - 0:53 - 0:58 Song of Eastern Crowned-Warbler Phylloscopus the male. coronatus 14/22 0:00 - 0:25 Calls. 14/39 0:00 - 0:37 Song of a male. 14/40 0:00 - 0:17 Calls. 44

Greenish Warbler Phylloscopus trochiloides Plain Leaf-Warbler Phylloscopus neglectus 14/41 0:00 - 0:57 Song of a male. 14/63 0:00 - 0:23 Song of a male. 14/42 0:00 - 0:11 Calls. 14/64 0:00 - 0:18 Calls.

Two-barred Greenish Warbler Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus 14/65 0:00 - 0:32 - 1:19 - 2:06 - 2:34 Song of 14/43 0:00 - 0:26 Song of a male. the male. 14/66 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:36 - 1:06 - 1:17 - 1:24 Green Warbler Phylloscopus nitidus Calls: alternating with elements of song in the 14/44 0:00 - 0:27 Song of a male. third recording.

Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis Spanish Chiffchaff Phylloscopus brehmii 14/45 0:00 - 0:44 - 1:07 Song of the male. 14/67 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:53 Song of the male. 14/46 0:00 - 0:10 Calls. 14/68 0:00 - 0:11 Calls.

Lemon-rumped Warbler Canary Islands Chiffchaff Phylloscopus Phylloscopus proregulus canariensis 14/47 0:00 - 0:48 Song of a male. 14/69 0:00 - 0:25 Song of a male. 14/48 0:00 - 0:16 Calls. 14/70 0:00 - 0:10 Calls.

Inornate Warbler Phylloscopus inornatus Mountain Chiffchaff Phylloscopus sindianus 14/49 0:00 - 0:37 Song of a male (a singing 14/71 0:00 - 0:10 Song of a male. Chiffchaff in the background). 14/72 0:00 - 0:08 Calls. 14/50 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:31 Calls. Siberian Chiffchaff Phylloscopus tristis Hume’s Leaf Warbler 14/73 0:00 - 0:36 Song of a male. Phylloscopus humei 14/74 0:00 - 0:13 Calls. 14/51 0:00 - 0:31 Song of a male. 14/52 0:00 - 0:31 - 0:49 Calls. Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus 14/75 0:00 - 0:37 - 1:13 Song of the male. Radde’s Warbler Phylloscopus schwarzi 14/76 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:26 - 0:36 Calls: in the 14/53 0:00 - 0:23 Song of a male. second and third recording always one breeding 14/54 0:00 - 0:08 Calls. couple. 14/77 0:00 - 0:10 Calls of large nestlings. Dusky Warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus 14/55 0:00 - 0:29 Song of a male. 14/56 0:00 - 0:26 Calls of a male, interrupted by elements of song (a singing Common Rosefinch in the background). CD 15 [58:08 Minutes]

Bonelli’s Warbler Phylloscopus bonelli 14/57 0:00 - 0:44 Song of a male. LONG-TAILED TITS Aegithalidae 14/58 0:00 - 0:26 Calls. Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus Eastern Bonelli’s Warbler Phylloscopus 15/1 0:00 - 0:19 Song. orientalis 15/2 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:40 - 1:00 - 1:24 Calls. 14/59 0:00 - 0:34 Song of a male. 14/60 0:00 - 0:29 Calls. PENDULINE TITS Remizinae Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix 14/61 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:42 - 1:07 - 1:26 - 1:41 Eurasian Penduline-Tit Remiz pendulinus Song of a male. 15/3 0:00 - 0:24 Song of a male. 14/62 0:00 - 0:10 Calls. 15/4 0:00 - 0:25 Calls (a singing Common Nightingale in the background). 45

TITS AND CHICKADEES Parinae Great Tit Parus major 15/26 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:45 - 0:57 - 1:09 - 1:25 - Marsh Tit Parus palustris 1:40 - 1:55 - 2:11 - 2:29 - 2:40 - 2:48 - 3:08 - 15/5 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:45 - 1:05 - 1:30 - 1:43 3:22 - 3:33 - 3:43 - 3:57 - 4:08 - 4:14 - 4:25 - Singing. 4:32 - 4:57 Singing. 15/6 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:31 - 0:38 Calls. 15/27 0:00 - 0:05 - 0:17 - 0:22 - 0:29 - 0:43 - 0:48 - 1:10 - 1:20 - 1:57 - 2:16 - 2:24 - 2:36 - Sombre Tit Parus lugubris 2:45 - 2:52 - 2:58 - 3:29 - 3:42 - 3:47 - 3:55 - 15/7 0:00 - 0:27 - 0:52 - 1:07 Singing. 4:25 - 4:34 - 4:55 Calls: nestlings in the 15/8 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:46 Calls. background of the last recording. (Some of the sounds introduced here can also be interpreted Willow Tit Parus montanus as song, since the boundaries of the sounds of 15/9 0:00 - 0:37 - 0:46 Singing. the Great Tit are more of a flowing nature.) 15/10 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:18 - 0:24 Song of the 15/28 0:00 - 0:42 - 0:57 - 1:27 In the first nominal form Parus montanus montanus. recording the calls of fully-fledged juveniles, 15/11 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:17 - 0:26 - 0:32 Calls. followed by calls of large nestlings, in the third recording calls of small nestlings. Siberian Tit Parus cinctus 15/12 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:43 - 1:04 Singing. 15/13 0:00 - 0:17 Calls. NUTHATCHES Sittinae

Crested Tit Parus cristatus Krueper’s Nuthatch Sitta krueperi 15/14 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:42 - 1:11 - 1:19 Singing. 15/29 0:00 - 0:40 - 1:01 Song of a male. 15/15 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:32 - 0:41 - 0:58 - 1:11 - 15/30 0:00 - 0:31 Calls. 1:19 - 1:27 Calls. Corsican Nuthatch Sitta whiteheadi Coal Tit Parus ater 15/31 0:00 - 0:33 - 0:48 Song of the male. 15/16 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:51 - 1:06 - 1:18 - 15/32 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:38 Calls. 1:38 - 2:01 Singing. 15/17 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:26 - 0:44 - 0:53 Calls. Algerian Nuthatch Sitta ledanti 15/33 0:00 - 0:24 Song of a male. Blue Tit Parus caeruleus 15/34 0:00 - 0:11 Calls. 15/18 0:00 - 0:18 - 0:37 - 0:53 - 1:10 - 1:30 - 1:45 Singing. Red-breasted Nuthatch Sitta canadensis 15/19 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:24 - 0:44 - 1:00 - 1:14 15/35 0:00 - 0:06 Song of a male. Song of the North-west African subspecies Parus 15/36 0:00 - 0:30 Calls. caeruleus ultramarinus. 15/20 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:25 - 0:39 - 0:48 - Eurasian Nuthatch Sitta europaea 0:55 - 1:04 Calls: in the sixth recording the 15/37 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:27 - 0:40 - 0:48 - 0:58 - defensive hissing of a female in the cave-nest. 1:04 - 1:19 - 1:24 Song of the male. 15/21 0:00 - 0:15 Calls of large nestlings (calls 15/38 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:34 - 0:49 - 0:56 - 1:11 - of Black-headed Gulls in the background, among 1:18 - 1:26 Calls. others). 15/39 0:00 - 0:07 - 0:19 Knocking noises made while opening seeds. Canary Islands Tit Parus teneriffae The Canary Islands Tit is seen as a sub-kind of Persian Nuthatch Sitta tephronota the Blue Tit by some authors. These recordings 15/40 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:39 Song of the male. were made in Teneriffa. 15/41 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:29 Calls. 15/22 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:27 - 0:38 - 0:48 - 1:00 Singing. Rock Nuthatch Sitta neumayer 15/23 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:19 Calls. 15/42 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:55 - 1:23 Song of the male. Azure Tit Parus cyanus 15/43 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:43 Calls. 15/24 0:00 - 0:33 - 0:49 Singing. 15/25 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:21 Calls. 46

NUTHATCHES Tichodrominae 16/3 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:41 - 0:56 Calls of large nestlings in the first recording: calls of one of the Wallcreeper Tichodroma muraria adults in the background, followed by calls of 15/44 0:00 - 0:47 Song of a male. middle-sized nestlings, and calls of little nestlings 15/45 0:00 - 0:20 Calls. in the third recording.

Spanish Sparrow Passer hispaniolensis CREEPERS Certhiinae 16/4 0:00 - 0:28 Song of a male. 16/5 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:46 - 1:12 Calls: Troops in Eurasian Treecreeper Certhia familiaris the second and third recording. 15/46 0:00 - 0:20 Song of a male. 15/47 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:42 Calls. Dead Sea Sparrow Passer moabiticus 16/6 0:00 - 0:37 - 1:17 - 1:38 Song of the Short-toed Treecreeper Certhia brachydactyla male. 15/48 0:00 - 0:40 - 1:14 Song of the male. 16/7 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:37 - 1:04 Calls: a colony in 15/49 0:00 - 0:34 Song of a male of the in the third recording. Northwest Africa living subspecies Certhia brachydactyla mauritanica. Iago Sparrow Passer iagoensis 15/50 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:22 - 1:07 Calls. 16/8 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:19 - 0:26 Calls.

Desert Sparrow Passer simplex KINGLETS Regulidae 16/9 0:00 - 0:52 - 1:02 Song and calls of a small troop. Goldcrest Regulus regulus 15/51 0:00 - 0:21 - 0:52 - 1:26 Song of the Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus male. 16/10 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:27 - 0:36 Song. 15/52 0:00 - 0:08 - 0:17 Calls. 16/11 0:00 - 0:08 - 0:19 - 0:30 - 0:45 Calls: a troop in the fourth recording. Canary Islands Kinglet Regulus teneriffae 15/53 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:30 Song of the male. Sudan Golden Sparrow Passer luteus (The first recording was made in LaPalma, the 16/12 0:00 - 0:17 Singing males at their nests. second in Teneriffa.) 16/13 0:00 - 0:13 Calls at the common sleeping place. Firecrest Regulus ignicapillus Madeira Firecrest Regulus madeirensis Pale Rockfinch Petronia brachydactyla The Madeira Firecrest is looked upon as a 16/14 0:00 - 0:59 - 1:25 Song of the male. subspecies of the Firecrest by some authors. Here, Firecrests are heard. Chestnut-shouldered Petronia Petronia 15/54 0:00 - 0:36 Song of a male. xanthocollis 15/55 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:18 Calls. 16/15 0:00 - 0:42 Song of a male.

Rock Petronia Petronia petronia 16/16 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:47 Song of the male. 16/17 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:17 - 0:30 Calls: a troop in CD 16 [75:04 Minutes] the third recording. 16/18 0:00 - 0:09 Calls of a large nestling.

OLD WORLD SPARROWS White-winged Snowfinch Montifringilla nivalis Passerinae 16/19 0:00 - 0:28 - 1:10 Song of the male: sung while flying in the first recording. House Sparrow Passer domesticus 16/20 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:50 - 1:04 Calls: a troop in 16/1 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:29 - 0:42 - 0:51 Song of the third recording. the male. 16/21 0:00 - 0:21 Nestlings calling. 16/2 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:22 - 0:37 - 0:44 Calling troops. 47

WEAVERS AND ALLIES Ploceinae 16/39 0:00 - 0:12 Song of a male of the subspecies Fringilla coelebs canariensis (used to Streaked Weaver Ploceus manyar be called Fringilla coelebs tintillon), found on 16/22 0:00 - 0:46 Sounds of a small troop: Gomera, Teneriffa and Gran Canaria. Song of the male and calls. 16/40 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:39 - 0:49 - 1:04 - 1:15 - 1:28 - 1:36 - 1:44 Calls: Flight calls in the Village Weaver Ploceus cucullatus seventh recording. 16/23 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:39 First, the song of a 16/41 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:24 Calls of the male; singing and calling birds of a small troop in subspecies Fringilla coelebs africana. the second recording. 16/42 0:00 - 0:08 Calls of the subspecies Fringilla coelebs canariensis. Red-billed Quelea Quelea quelea 16/43 0:00 - 0:07 Calls of the subspecies 16/24 0:00 - 0:24 Singing males. Fringilla coelebs palmae, which is found on La Palma.

WAXBILLS AND ALLIES Estrildinae Blue Chaffinch Fringilla teydea 16/44 0:00 - 0:26 Song of the male. Red-billed Firefinch Lagonostica senegala 16/45 0:00 - 0:18 Calls. 16/25 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:30 Song of a male. 16/26 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:24 Calls. Brambling Fringilla montifringilla 16/46 0:00 - 0:52 - 1:15 - 1:31 Song of the Common Waxbill Estrilda astrild male. 16/27 0:00 - 0:24 Song of a male. 16/47 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:23 - 0:30 - 0:36 Calls: 16/28 0:00 - 0:10 Calls. Flight calls in the fourth recording.

Orange-cheeked Waxbill Estrilda melpoda 16/29 0:00 - 0:25 Calls of a small troop. SISKINS, CROSSBILLS AND ALLIES Carduelini Red-cheeked Cordonbleu Uraeginthus bengalus Fire-fronted Serin Serinus pusillus 16/30 0:00 - 0:13 Song of a male. 16/48 0:00 - 0:31 Calls. 16/31 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:22 Calls. European Serin Serinus serinus Red Avadavat Amandava amandava 16/49 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:53 Song of the male. 16/32 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:47 Song of the male. 16/50 0:00 - 0:12 - 0:25 - 0:38 Calls. 16/33 0:00 - 0:09 Calls. Syrian Serin Serinus syriacus African Silverbill Lonchura cantans 16/51 0:00 - 0:59 Song of a male. 16/34 0:00 - 0:22 Song of a male. 16/52 0:00 - 0:31 Calls. 16/35 0:00 - 0:16 Calls of a flying troop. Island Canary Serinus canaria 16/53 0:00 - 0:31 Song of a male. SISKINS, CROSSBILLS AND ALLIES 16/54 0:00 - 0:14 Calls. Fringillini Citril Finch Serinus citrinella Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs 16/55 0:00 - 0:44 - 1:19 - 1:41 Song of the 16/36 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:53 - 1:19 - 1:39 Song of male. the male. 16/56 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:50 Calls. 16/37 0:00 - 0:14 The song of a male of the subspecies Fringilla coelebs africana, which lives European Greenfinch Carduelis chloris in the area from Morocco to Lybia. 16/57 0:00 - 1:07 - 1:56 Song of a male. 16/38 0:00 - 0:33 The song of a male of the 16/58 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:22 Calls. subspecies Fringilla coelebs spodiogenys, found in central Tunisia, also some calls strewn in, for example at 0:03 and 0:10. 48

European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis Parrot Crossbill Loxia pytyopsittacus 16/59 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:57 - 1:25 - 2:00 Singing. 16/76 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:37 Song of the male. 16/60 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:25 - 0:32 Calls. 16/77 0:00 - 0:11 Calls.

Eurasian Siskin Carduelis spinus Crimson-winged Finch Rhodopechys 16/61 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:55 - 1:14 Song of the sanguinea male: a group singing in the winter in the third 16/78 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:38 Song of the male. recording. 16/79 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:22 - 0:29 Calls. 16/62 0:00 - 0:31 - 0:43 Calls: also, noises of flapping wings in the second recording. Desert Finch Rhodospiza obsoleta 16/80 0:00 - 0:36 Song of a male. Eurasian Linnet Carduelis cannabina 16/63 0:00 - 0:33 - 1:05 - 1:39 - 2:04 - 2:23 - Trumpeter Finch Bucanetes githagineus 2:34 - 2:47 Song of the male in the first six 16/81 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:55 Song of the male. recordings, followed by singing and calling birds 16/82 0:00 - 0:34 - 0:43 Calls. of a swarm in the winter. 16/64 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:22 Flight calls. Common Rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus 16/83 0:00 - 0:26 Song of a male. Twite Carduelis flavirostris 16/84 0:00 - 0:09 Calls. 16/65 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:40 First, song of a male, then singing and calling birds of a swarm in the Pale Rosefinch Carpodacus synoicus winter in the second recording. 16/85 0:00 - 0:23 - 1:07 Calls. 16/66 0:00 - 0:15 Calls. Pine Grosbeak Pinicola enucleator Common Redpoll Carduelis flammea 16/86 0:00 - 0:19 Song of a male. Lesser Redpoll Carduelis cabaret 16/87 0:00 - 0:11 Calls. The Common Redpoll and the Lesser Redpol correspond in their sounds and some authors Eurasian Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula see them as the same. 16/88 0:00 - 0:46 Song of a male. 16/67 0:00 - 0:30 - 0:54 - 1:18 Flight call of a 16/89 0:00 - 0:16 Calls. male. 16/68 0:00 - 0:29 - 0:42 - 0:53 Calls: Flight Hawfinch Coccothraustes coccothraustes calls in the third recording. 16/90 0:00 - 0:54 - 1:33 Song of a male: from 1:15 muffled song (Subsong). 16/91 0:00 - 0:19- Hoary Redpoll Carduelis hornemanni 0:25 Calls (House Sparrows in the background). 16/69 0:00 - 0:10 Flight call of a male. 16/70 0:00 - 0:11 - 0:31 Calls: Flight calls in Evening Grosbeak Coccothraustes vespertina the first recording. 16/92 0:00 - 0:34 Calls of a small troop.

White-winged Crossbill Loxia leucoptera 16/71 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:25 Song of the male: a troop in the second recording. 16/72 0:00 - 0:09 Calls. CD 17 [63:00 Minutes]

Red Crossbill Loxia curvirostra 16/73 0:00 - 1:07 - 1:26 - 1:38 Song of the male. 16/74 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:28 - 0:52 - 1:13 - 1:22 - BUNTINGS, SPARROWS, 1:31 - 1:41 Calls: also partially sounds of flight. SEEDEATERS & ALLIES Emberizini

Scottish Crossbill Loxia scotica Eastern Towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus 16/75 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:55 Song of the male. 17/1 0:00 - 0:29 Song of a male. 17/2 0:00 - 0:10 Calls.

Fox Sparrow Passerella iliaca 17/3 0:00 - 0:24 Song of a male. 49

Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia Cinnamon-breasted Bunting Emberiza tahapisi 17/4 0:00 - 0:33 Song of a male. 17/26 0:00 - 0:22 - 0:39 Song of the male. 17/27 0:00 - 0:06 Calls. White-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys Striated Bunting Emberiza striolata 17/5 0:00 - 0:21 Song of a male. 17/28 0:00 - 0:41 - 1:15 Song of the male. 17/6 0:00 - 0:12 Calls. 17/29 0:00 - 0:34 Calls.

White-throated Sparrow Zonotrichia albicollis House Bunting Emberiza sahari 17/7 0:00 - 0:35 Song of a male. 17/30 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:37 - 0:53 Song of the male. Dark-eyed Junco Junco hyemalis 17/31 0:00 - 0:17 - 0:39 Calls. 17/8 0:00 - 0:28 Song of a male. 17/9 0:00 - 0:17 Calls. Cinereous Bunting Emberiza cineracea 17/32 0:00 - 0:30 - 0:58 Song of the male. Lapland Longspur Calcarius lapponicus 17/33 0:00 - 0:18 Calls. 17/10 0:00 - 0:42 Song of a male. 17/11 0:00 - 0:30 - 0:50 - 1:24 - 1:31 Calls (a Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana calling Meadow Pipit in the background of the 17/34 0:00 - 0:29 - 0:51 - 1:12 - 1:37 Song of third recording): flightcalls in the fourth recording. the male. 17/35 0:00 - 0:13 - 0:30 Calls. Snow Bunting Plectrophenax nivalis 17/12 0:00 - 0:29 - 1:08 Song of a male. Gray-hooded Bunting Emberiza buchanani 17/13 0:00 - 0:10 - 0:27 - 0:35 Calls: flight calls 17/36 0:00 - 0:50 Song of a male. in the first two recordings. 17/37 0:00 - 0:08 Calls.

Black-faced Bunting Emberiza spodocephala Cretzschmar’s Bunting Emberiza caesia 17/14 0:00 - 0:27 Song of a male. 17/38 0:00 - 0:50 Song of a male. 17/15 0:00 - 0:28 Calls. 17/39 0:00 - 0:16 - 0:38 Calls.

Pine Bunting Emberiza leucocephalos Yellow-browed Bunting Emberiza chrysophrys 17/16 0:00 - 0:39 - 0:59 Song of a male. 17/40 0:00 - 0:23 Song of a male. 17/17 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:19 Calls. 17/41 0:00 - 0:07 Calls.

Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella Rustic Bunting Emberiza rustica 17/18 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:40 - 1:08 - 1:25 - 1:42 - 17/42 0:00 - 0:38 - 1:04 Song of the male. 2:04 - 2:24 - 2:40 - 2:51 Song of a male. 17/43 0:00 - 0:15 - 0:21 Calls. 17/19 0:00 - 0:14 - 0:24 - 0:34 - 0:54 Calls. 17/20 0:00 - 0:19 Calls of medium-sized Little Bunting Emberiza pusilla nestlings. 17/44 0:00 - 0:20 - 0:56 Song of the male. 17/45 0:00 - 0:09 Calls. Cirl Bunting Emberiza cirlus 17/21 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:44 - 1:15 - 1:34 - 1:43 Chestnut Bunting Emberiza rutila Song of a male. 17/46 0:00 - 0:33 - 1:01 Song of the male. 17/22 0:00 - 0:07 - 0:15 - 0:29 - 0:38 - 0:56 17/47 0:00 - 0:16 Calls. Calls. Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola Meadow Bunting Emberiza cioides 17/48 0:00 - 0:44 Song of a male. 17/23 0:00 - 0:33 Song of a male. 17/49 0:00 - 0:12 Calls.

Rock Bunting Emberiza cia 17/24 0:00 - 0:24 - 0:52 - 1:16 Song of the male. 17/25 0:00 - 0:10 Calls. 50

Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla 17/50 0:00 - 0:28 - 0:45 - 0:59 - 1:13 - 1:54 17/71 0:00 - 0:22 Singing. Song of the male. 17/51 0:00 - 0:19 - 0:28 Calls. Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapillus 17/72 0:00 - 0:29 Singing. Pallas’ Bunting Emberiza pallasi 17/52 0:00 - 0:37 Song of the male. Northern Waterthrush Seiurus noveboracensis 17/53 0:00 - 0:08 Calls. 17/73 0:00 - 0:31 Singing.

Red-headed Bunting Emberiza bruniceps Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas 17/54 0:00 - 0:36 Song of the male. 17/74 0:00 - 0:27 Singing. 17/55 0:00 - 0:12 Calls. 17/75 0:00 - 0:06 Calls.

Black-headed Bunting Emberiza Hooded Warbler Wilsonia citrina melanocephala 17/76 0:00 - 0:27 Singing. 17/56 0:00 - 0:43 - 1:14 Song of the male. 17/57 0:00 - 0:06 Calls. TANAGERS AND ALLIES Thraupini

Corn Bunting Miliaria calandra Summer Tanager Piranga rubra 17/58 0:00 - 0:25 - 0:51 - 1:13 Song of the 17/77 0:00 - 0:31 Singing. male. 17/78 0:00 - 0:08 Calls. 17/59 0:00 - 0:09 - 0:21 - 0:29 - 0:34 Calls: flight calls in the third and fourth recording. Scarlet Tanager Piranga olivacea 17/79 0:00 - 0:33 Singing. 17/80 0:00 - 0:05 Calls. NEW WORLD WARBLERS Parulini SALTATORS, CARDINALS AND Black-and-white Warbler Mniotilta varia ALLIES Cardinalini 17/60 0:00 - 0:33 Singing. Tennessee Warbler Vermivora peregrina Rose-breasted Grosbeak 17/61 0:00 - 0:34 Singing. Pheucticus ludovicianus 17/81 0:00 - 0:28 Singing. Northern Parula Parula americana 17/82 0:00 - 0:12 Calls. 17/62 0:00 - 0:33 Singing. Blue Grosbeak Guiraca caerulea Yellow Warbler “Big Lump” Dendroica 17/83 0:00 - 0:36 Singing. petechia 17/63 0:00 - 0:26 - 0:45 Singing. Indigo Bunting Passerina cyanea 17/84 0:00 - 0:25 Singing. Black-throated Green Warbler Dendroica virens Painted Bunting Passerina ciris 17/64 0:00 - 0:33 Singing. 17/85 0:00 - 0:36 Singing.

Cape May Warbler Dendroica tigrina 17/65 0:00 - 0:26 Singing. TROUPIALS AND ALLIES Icterini

Yellow-rumped Warbler Dendroica coronata Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus 17/66 0:00 - 0:18 Singing. 17/86 0:00 - 0:34 Singing.

Palm Warbler Dendroica palmarum Yellow-headed Blackbird Xanthocephalus 17/67 0:00 - 0:22 Singing. xanthocephalus 17/68 0:00 - 0:07 Calls. 17/87 0:00 - 0:23 - 0:58 Singing. 17/88 0:00 - 0:07 Calls. Blackpoll Warbler Dendroica striata 17/69 0:00 - 0:33 Singing. Baltimoretrupial Icterus galbula 17/70 0:00 - 0:10 Calls. 17/89 0:00 - 0:32 Singing. 51

Registry of the Ammoperdix heyi 4/17 Ardea goliath 1/82 Anas acuta 2/34 Ardea melanocephala 1/79 scientific species’ Anas americana 2/25 Ardea purpurea 1/80-81 names Anas capensis 2/30 Ardeola ralloides 1/66-67 Anas clypeata 2/38 Ardeotis arabs 4/82 Accipiter badius 3/56 Anas crecca 2/29 Arenaria interpres 5/80-81 Accipiter brevipes 3/57 Anas discors 2/37 Asio capensis 7/40-41 Accipiter gentilis 3/52-53 Anas erythrorhyncha 2/35 Asio flammeus 7/37-39 Accipiter nisus 3/54-55 Anas falcata 2/26 Asio otus 7/34-36 Acridotheres tristis 10/27 Anas formosa 2/28 Athene noctua 7/19-21 Acrocephalus aedon 14/20 Anas penelope 2/24 Aythya americana 2/42 Acrocephalus agricola 14/7 Anas platyrhynchos 2/31-32 Aythya collaris 2/43 Acrocephalus arundinaceus Anas querquedula 2/36 Aythya ferina 2/41 14/18-19 Anas rubripes 2/33 Aythya fuligula 2/45 Acrocephalus brevipennis Anas strepera 2/27 Aythya marila 2/46 14/9-10 Anhinga rufa 1/47-48 Aythya nyroca 2/44 Acrocephalus dumetorum 14/8 Anous stolidus 6/63 Acrocephalus melanopogon Anser albifrons 2/9 Bartramia longicauda 5/59 14/1-2 Anser anser 2/11 Bombycilla garrulus 10/5-6 Acrocephalus paludicola 14/3-4 Anser brachyrhynchus 2/8 Bonasa bonasia 4/31-32 Acrocephalus palustris 14/11-12 Anser caerulescens 2/13 Botaurus lentiginosus 1/57 Acrocephalus schoenobaenus Anser erythropus 2/10 Botaurus stellaris 1/55-56 14/5-6 Anser fabalis 2/7 Branta bernicla 2/16 Acrocephalus scirpaceus Anser indicus 2/12 Branta canadensis 2/14 14/13-15 Anthreptes metallicus 13/1-2 Branta leucopsis 2/15 Acrocephalus stentoreus Anthreptes platurus 13/1-2 Branta ruficollis 2/17 14/16-17 Anthropoides virgo 4/77 Bubo bubo 7/7-9 Actitis hypoleucos 5/76-77 Anthus berthelotii 9/47-48 Bubulcus ibis 1/68-69 Actitis macularia 5/78 Anthus campestris 9/45-46 Bucanetes githagineus 16/81-82 Aegithalos caudatus 15/1-2 Anthus cervinus 9/58-59 Bucephala albeola 2/56 Aegolius funereus 7/42-44 Anthus godlewskii 9/43-44 Bucephala clangula 2/58 Aegypius monachus 3/8-9 Anthus gustavi 9/55 Bucephala islandica 2/57 Aethia cristatella 6/71 Anthus hodgsoni 9/51-52 Bulweria bulwerii 1/23 Aix galericulata 2/23 Anthus petrosus 9/60-61 Burhinus oedicnemus 4/87-88 Aix sponsa 2/22 Anthus pratensis 9/56-57 Burhinus senegalensis 4/89-90 Alaemon alaudipes 9/10-11 Anthus richardi 9/41-42 Buteo buteo 3/46-47 Alauda arvensis 9/33-34 Anthus similis 9/49-50 Buteo lagopus 3/45 Alauda gulgula 9/32 Anthus spinoletta 9/62-63 Buteo rufinus 3/43-44 Alauda razae 9/35-36 Anthus trivialis 9/53-54 Butorides striatus 1/64 Alca torda 6/67 Apus affinis 8/41 Butorides virescens 1/65 Alcedo atthis 8/28-30 Apus apus 8/34-36 Alectoris barbara 4/14-15 Apus caffer 8/40 Calandrella brachydactyla Alectoris chukar 4/8-9 Apus melba 8/39 9/22-23 Alectoris graeca 4/10 Apus pacificus 8/38 Calandrella rufescens 9/24-25 Alectoris graeca x rufa 4/13 Apus pallidus 8/37 Calcarius lapponicus 17/10-11 Alectoris rufa 4/11-12 Aquila adalberti 3/19-20 Calidris alba 5/34-35 Alle alle 6/69-70 Aquila chrysaetos 3/15-16 Calidris alpina 5/52-53 Alopochen aegyptiacus 2/18 Aquila clanga 3/22 Calidris bairdii 5/46 Amandava amandava 16/32-33 Aquila heliaca 3/17-18 Calidris canutus 5/32-33 Amaurornis flavirostris 4/61 Aquila nipalensis 3/23 Calidris ferruginea 5/48-49 Ammomanes cincturus 9/6-7 Aquila pomarina 3/21 Calidris fuscicollis 5/45 Ammomanes deserti 9/8-9 Aquila rapax 3/24 Calidris maritima 5/50-51 Ammoperdix griseogularis 4/16 Aquila verreauxii 3/25 Calidris mauri 5/37 Ardea cinerea 1/77-78 Calidris melanotos 5/47 52

Calidris minuta 5/39-40 Chlidonias leucopterus 6/62 Cygnus olor 2/3-4 Calidris minutilla 5/44 Chlidonias niger 6/60-61 Cypsiurus parvus 8/42 Calidris pusilla 5/36 Chordeiles minor 7/45 Calidris ruficollis 5/38 Chrysococcyx caprius 8/6-7 Daption capense 1/20 Calidris subminuta 5/43 Chrysolophus amherstiae 4/30 Delichon urbica 9/92-93 Calidris temminckii 5/41-42 Chrysolophus pictus 4/28-29 Dendrocygna bicolor 2/1 Callipepla californica 4/41 Ciconia ciconia 1/96-98 Dendrocygna viduata 2/2 Calonectris diomedea 1/24 Ciconia nigra 1/94-95 Dendroica coronata 17/66 Calonectris edwardsii 1/25 Cinclus cinclus 10/7-8 Dendroica palmarum 17/67-68 Caprimulgus aegyptius 7/50 Circaetus gallicus 3/26-27 Dendroica petechia 17/63 Caprimulgus europaeus 7/46-48 Circus aeruginosus 3/37-38 Dendroica striata 17/69-70 Caprimulgus ruficollis 7/49 Circus cyaneus 3/39 Dendroica tigrina 17/65 Carduelis cabaret 16/67-68 Circus macrourus 3/42 Dendroica virens 17/64 Carduelis cannabina 16/63-64 Circus pygargus 3/40-41 Diomedea chlororhynchos 1/15 Carduelis carduelis 16/59-60 Cisticola juncidis 14/23-24 Diomedea chrysostoma 1/17 Carduelis chloris 16/57-58 Clamator glandarius 8/2-3 Diomedea exulans 1/16 Carduelis flammea 16/67-68 Clamator jacobinus 8/1 Diomedea melanophris 1/14 Carduelis flavirostris 16/65-66 Clangula hyemalis 2/52 Dolichonyx oryzivorus 17/86 Carduelis hornemanni 16/69-70 Coccothraustes coccothraustes Dryocopus martius 8/60-63 Carduelis spinus 16/61-62 16/90-91 Dumetella carolinensis 10/30-31 Carpodacus erythrinus 16/83-84 Coccothraustes vespertina 16/92 Carpodacus synoicus 16/85 Coccyzus americanus 8/14 Egretta ardesiaca 1/70 Casmerodius alba 1/75-76 Coccyzus erythrophthalmus Egretta garzetta 1/72-73 Catharus bicknelli 10/44 8/12-13 Egretta gularis 1/71 Catharus fuscescens 10/45 Colaptes auratus 8/47-48 Egretta intermedia 1/74 Catharus guttatus 10/40 Colinus virginianus 4/42 Elanus caeruleus 3/32 Catharus minimus 10/43 Columba bollii 7/59 Emberiza aureola 17/48-49 Catharus ustulatus 10/41-42 Columba junoniae 7/60 Emberiza bruniceps 17/54-55 Catoptrophorus semipalmatus Columba livia 7/51 Emberiza buchanani 17/36-37 5/79 Columba livia f. domestica Emberiza caesia 17/38-39 Centropus senegalensis 8/4-5 7/52-54 Emberiza chrysophrys 17/40-41 Cepphus grylle 6/68 Columba oenas 7/55-56 Emberiza cia 17/24-25 Cercomela familiaris 11/24 Columba palumbus 7/57-58 Emberiza cineracea 17/32-33 Cercomela melanura 11/25-26 Coracias abyssinicus 8/20 Emberiza cioides 17/23 Cercotrichas galactotes 11/1 Coracias garrulus 8/18-19 Emberiza cirlus 17/21-22 Cercotrichas podobe 11/2 Corvus albus 12/57 Emberiza citrinella 17/18-20 Certhia brachydactyla 15/48-50 Corvus corax 12/59 Emberiza hortulana 17/34-35 Certhia familiaris 15/46-47 Corvus cornix 12/56 Emberiza leucocephalos Ceryle alcyon 8/32 Corvus corone 12/56 17/16-17 Ceryle rudis 8/31 Corvus dauuricus 12/53 Emberiza melanocephala Cettia cetti 14/21-22 Corvus frugilegus 12/55 17/56-57 Charadrius alexandrinus 5/12-13 Corvus monedula 12/52 Emberiza pallasi 17/52-53 Charadrius asiaticus 5/16 Corvus rhipidurus 12/60 Emberiza pusilla 17/44-45 Charadrius dubius 5/6-7 Corvus ruficollis 12/58 Emberiza rustica 17/42-43 Charadrius hiaticula 5/8-9 Corvus splendens 12/54 Emberiza rutila 17/46-47 Charadrius leschenaultii 5/15 Coturnix coturnix 4/23-24 Emberiza sahari 17/30-31 Charadrius mongolus 5/14 Crex crex 4/59-60 Emberiza schoeniclus 17/50-51 Charadrius morinellus 5/17-18 Cuculus canorus 8/8-10 Emberiza spodocephala Charadrius pecuarius 5/10 Cuculus saturatus 8/11 17/14-15 Charadrius tricollaris 5/11 Cursorius cursor 4/94 Emberiza striolata 17/28-29 Chersophilus duponti 9/12 Cyanopica cyanus 12/40-41 Emberiza tahapisi 17/26-27 Chlamydotis macqueenii 4/81 Cyclorrhynchus psittacula 6/72 Eremalauda dunni 9/4-5 Chlamydotis undulata 4/79-80 Cygnus columbianus 2/5 Eremophila alpestris 9/37-38 Chlidonias hybridus 6/58-59 Cygnus cygnus 2/6 Eremophila bilopha 9/39-40 53

Eremopterix nigriceps 9/1-2 Grus grus 4/73-74 Lanius nubicus 12/34-35 Erithacus rubecula 11/3-5 Grus leucogeranus 4/76 Lanius pallidirostris 12/28-30 Estrilda astrild 16/27-28 Guiraca caerulea 17/83 Lanius senator 12/32-33 Estrilda melpoda 16/29 Gypaetus barbatus 3/1-2 Larus argentatus 6/35 Eurystomus glaucurus 8/21 Gyps fulvus 3/5 Larus armenicus 6/38 Gyps rueppellii 3/6 Larus atricilla 6/22 Falco biarmicus 3/68 Larus audouinii 6/31 Falco cherrug 3/69-70 Haematopus ostralegus 5/4-5 Larus cachinnans 6/36 Falco columbarius 3/64 Halcyon leucocephala 8/27 Larus canus 6/33 Falco eleonorae 3/67 Halcyon smyrnensis 8/25-26 Larus cirrocephalus 6/29 Falco naumanni 3/58 Haliaeetus albicilla 3/13-14 Larus delawarensis 6/32 Falco pelegrinoides 3/75-76 Haliaeetus leucoryphus 3/12 Larus fuscus 6/34 Falco peregrinus 3/73-74 Haliaeetus vocifer 3/11 Larus genei 6/30 Falco rusticolus 3/71-72 Hieraaetus fasciatus 3/29-30 Larus glaucoides 6/39 Falco sparverius 3/61 Hieraaetus pennatus 3/28 Larus hyperboreus 6/40 Falco subbuteo 3/65-66 Himantopus himantopus 5/2-3 Larus ichthyaetus 6/20 Falco tinnunculus 3/59-60 Hippolais caligata 13/50 Larus leucophthalmus 6/19 Falco vespertinus 3/62-63 Hippolais icterina 13/55-56 Larus marinus 6/41 Ficedula albicilla 12/7-8 Hippolais languida 13/52 Larus melanocephalus 6/21 Ficedula albicollis 12/11-12 Hippolais olivetorum 13/53-54 Larus michahellis 6/37 Ficedula hypoleuca 12/13-14 Hippolais opaca 13/48-49 Larus minutus 6/24 Ficedula parva 12/5-6 Hippolais pallida 13/46-47 Larus philadelphia 6/26 Ficedula semitorquata 12/9-10 Hippolais polyglotta 13/57-58 Larus pipixcan 6/23 Francolinus bicalcaratus 4/19-20 Hippolais rama 13/51 Larus ridibundus 6/27-28 Francolinus francolinus 4/18 Hirundapus caudacutus 8/33 Larus sabini 6/25 Fratercula arctica 6/73 Hirundo aethiopica 9/86-87 Leptoptilos crumeniferus 1/99 Fregata magnificens 1/46 Hirundo daurica 9/90-91 Limicola falcinellus 5/54-55 Fringilla coelebs 16/36-43 Hirundo rustica 9/84-85 Limnodromus griseus 5/57 Fringilla montifringilla 16/46-47 Hirundo smithii 9/88-89 Limnodromus scolopaceus 5/58 Fringilla teydea 16/44-45 Histrionicus histrionicus 2/51 Limosa lapponica 5/96-97 Fulica americana 4/71 Hydrobates pelagicus 1/34 Limosa limosa 5/94-95 Fulica atra 4/69-70 Hylocichla mustelina 10/38-39 Locustella certhiola 14/30 Fulica cristata 4/72 Locustella fasciolata 14/38 Fulmarus glacialis 1/19 Icterus galbula 17/89 Locustella fluviatilis 14/34-35 Irania gutturalis 11/15-16 Locustella lanceolata 14/31 Galerida cristata 9/26-27 Ixobrychus exilis 1/58 Locustella luscinioides 14/36-37 Galerida theklae 9/28-29 Ixobrychus minutus 1/59-60 Locustella naevia 14/32-33 Gallinago gallinago 6/3-5 Ixobrychus sturmii 1/61 Lonchura cantans 16/34-35 Gallinago media 6/6 Lophodytes cucullatus 2/59 Gallinago megala 6/9-10 Junco hyemalis 17/8-9 Loxia curvirostra 16/73-74 Gallinago stenura 6/7-8 Jynx torquilla 8/45-46 Loxia leucoptera 16/71-72 Gallinula angulata 4/64 Loxia pytyopsittacus 16/76-77 Gallinula chloropus 4/62-63 Ketupa zeylonensis 7/10 Loxia scotica 16/75 Garrulus glandarius 12/37-38 Lullula arborea 9/30-31 Gavia adamsii 1/4 Lagonostica senegala 16/25-26 Luscinia calliope 11/10 Gavia arctica 1/2 Lagopus lagopus 4/33 Luscinia luscinia 11/6-7 Gavia immer 1/3 Lagopus mutus 4/34 Luscinia megarhynchos 11/8-9 Gavia stellata 1/1 Lanius collurio 12/20-22 Luscinia svecica 11/11-12 Geothlypis trichas 17/74-75 Lanius cristatus 12/16-17 Lymnocryptes minimus 6/1-2 Geronticus eremita 1/87 Lanius excubitor 12/25-27 Glareola nordmanni 4/92 Lanius excubitorius 12/31 Marmaronetta angustirostris Glareola pratincola 4/91 Lanius isabellinus 12/18-19 2/39 Glaucidium passerinum 7/16-18 Lanius meridionalis 12/28-30 Melanitta fusca 2/55 Grus canadensis 4/75 Lanius minor 12/23-24 Melanitta nigra 2/53 54

Melanitta perspicillata 2/54 Oenanthe chrysopygia 11/54 Petronia brachydactyla 16/14 Melanocorypha bimaculata 9/17 Oenanthe cypriaca 11/45-46 Petronia petronia 16/16-18 Melanocorypha calandra 9/15-16 Oenanthe deserti 11/49 Petronia xanthocollis 16/15 Melanocorypha leucoptera Oenanthe finschii 11/50-51 Phaethon aethereus 1/45 9/18-19 Oenanthe halophila 11/56-57 Phalacrocorax africanus 1/54 Melanocorypha yeltoniensis Oenanthe hispanica 11/47-48 Phalacrocorax aristotelis 1/51-52 9/20-21 Oenanthe isabellina 11/37-38 Phalacrocorax carbo 1/49-50 Melierax metabates 3/49-50 Oenanthe leucopyga 11/58-59 Phalacrocorax pygmeus 1/53 Melospiza melodia 17/4 Oenanthe leucura 11/60-61 Phalaropus fulicarius 5/85-86 Mergellus albellus 2/60 Oenanthe lugens 11/55 Phalaropus lobatus 5/83-84 Mergus merganser 2/62 Oenanthe melanoleuca 11/47-48 Phalaropus tricolor 5/82 Mergus serrator 2/61 Oenanthe moesta 11/52-53 Phasianus colchicus 4/26-27 Merops apiaster 8/24 Oenanthe oenanthe 11/39-40 Pheucticus ludovicianus Merops orientalis 8/22 Oenanthe pleschanka 11/43-44 17/81-82 Merops persicus 8/23 Oenanthe seebohmi 11/41-42 Philomachus pugnax 5/56 Micronisus gabar 3/51 Oenanthe xanthoprymna 11/54 Phoebetria palpebrata 1/18 Miliaria calandra 17/58-59 Onychognathus tristramii 10/19 Phoenicopterus minor 1/84 Milvus migrans 3/35-36 Oriolus oriolus 12/61-63 Phoenicopterus ruber 1/83 Milvus milvus 3/33-34 Otis tarda 4/83-84 Phoenicurus erythronotus 11/17 Mirafra cordofanica 9/3 Otus scops 7/4-6 Phoenicurus moussieri 11/22-23 Mniotilta varia 17/60 Oxyura jamaicensis 2/63 Phoenicurus ochruros 11/18-19 Monticola saxatilis 10/32-33 Oxyura leucocephala 2/64 Phoenicurus phoenicurus Monticola solitarius 10/34-35 11/20-21 Montifringilla nivalis 16/19-21 Pagophila eburnea 6/44 Phylloscopus bonelli 14/57-58 Morus bassanus 1/39-40 Pandion haliaetus 3/10 Phylloscopus borealis 14/45-46 Morus capensis 1/38 Panurus biarmicus 13/5 Phylloscopus brehmii 14/67-68 Motacilla aguimp 9/72-73 Parula americana 17/62 Phylloscopus canariensis Motacilla alba 9/70-71 Parus ater 15/16-17 14/69-70 Motacilla cinerea 9/68-69 Parus caeruleus 15/18-21 Phylloscopus collybita 14/65-66 Motacilla citreola 9/66-67 Parus cinctus 15/12-13 Phylloscopus coronatus Motacilla flava 9/64-65 Parus cristatus 15/14-15 14/39-40 Muscicapa dauurica 12/1-2 Parus cyanus 15/24-25 Phylloscopus fuscatus 14/55-56 Muscicapa striata 12/3-4 Parus lugubris 15/7-8 Phylloscopus humei 14/51-52 Mycteria ibis 1/92-93 Parus major 15/26-28 Phylloscopus inornatus 14/49-50 Myrmecocichla aethiopis Parus montanus 15/9-11 Phylloscopus neglectus 11/35-36 Parus palustris 15/5-6 14/63-64 Parus teneriffae 15/22-23 Phylloscopus nitidus 14/44 Nectarinia osea 13/3-4 Passer domesticus 16/1-3 Phylloscopus orientalis 14/59-60 Neophron percnopterus 3/3-4 Passer hispaniolensis 16/4-5 Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus Netta rufina 2/40 Passer iagoensis 16/8 14/43 Nucifraga caryocatactes Passer luteus 16/12-13 Phylloscopus proregulus 12/47-48 Passer moabiticus 16/6-7 14/47-48 Numenius arquata 5/91-93 Passer montanus 16/10-11 Phylloscopus schwarzi 14/53-54 Numenius minutus 5/87 Passer simplex 16/9 Phylloscopus sibilatrix 14/61-62 Numenius phaeopus 5/88-89 Passerella iliaca 17/3 Phylloscopus sindianus 14/71-72 Numenius tenuirostris 5/90 Passerina ciris 17/85 Phylloscopus tristis 14/73-74 Numida meleagris 4/39-40 Passerina cyanea 17/84 Phylloscopus trochiloides Nyctea scandiaca 7/11-13 Pelagodroma marina 1/33 14/41-42 Nycticorax nycticorax 1/62-63 Pelecanus crispus 1/43 Phylloscopus trochilus 14/75-77 Pelecanus onocrotalus 1/41-42 Pica pica 12/42-46 Oceanites oceanicus 1/32 Pelecanus rufescens 1/44 Picoides leucotos 8/75-77 Oceanodroma castro 1/36 Perdix perdix 4/21-22 Picoides major 8/66-68 Oceanodroma leucorhoa 1/35 Perisoreus infaustus 12/39 Picoides medius 8/71-74 Oena capensis 7/68 Pernis apivorus 3/48 Picoides minor 8/78-81 55

Picoides syriacus 8/69-70 Puffinus griseus 1/27 Somateria spectabilis 2/49 Picoides tridactylus 8/82-84 Puffinus mauretanicus 1/30 Sphyrapicus varius 8/64-65 Picus canus 8/49-52 Puffinus puffinus 1/28 Spiloptila clamans 14/29 Picus sharpei 8/56 Puffinus yelkouan 1/29 Stercorarius longicaudus 6/17 Picus vaillantii 8/57-59 Pycnonotus barbatus 10/3-4 Stercorarius parasiticus 6/15-16 Picus viridis 8/53-55 Pycnonotus xanthopygos 10/1-2 Stercorarius pomarinus 6/14 Pinicola enucleator 16/86-87 Pyrrhocorax graculus 12/49 Stercorarius skua 6/18 Pipilo erythrophthalmus 17/1-2 Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Sterna albifrons 6/57 Piranga olivacea 17/79-80 12/50-51 Sterna anaethetus 6/55 Piranga rubra 17/77-78 Pyrrhula pyrrhula 16/88-89 Sterna bengalensis 6/48 Platalea alba 1/91 Sterna caspia 6/46 Platalea leucorodia 1/89-90 Quelea quelea 16/24 Sterna dougallii 6/50 Plectrophenax nivalis 17/12-13 Sterna forsteri 6/54 Plectropterus gambensis 2/21 Rallus aquaticus 4/44-46 Sterna fuscata 6/56 Plegadis falcinellus 1/85-86 Ramphocoris clotbey 9/13-14 Sterna hirundo 6/51-52 Ploceus cucullatus 16/23 Recurvirostra avosetta 5/1 Sterna maxima 6/47 Ploceus manyar 16/22 Regulus ignicapillus 15/54-55 Sterna nilotica 6/45 Pluvialis apricaria 5/21-22 Regulus madeirensis 15/54-55 Sterna paradisaea 6/53 Pluvialis dominica 5/19 Regulus regulus 15/51-52 Sterna sandvicensis 6/49 Pluvialis fulva 5/20 Regulus teneriffae 15/53 Streptopelia decaocto 7/63-64 Pluvialis squatarola 5/23 Remiz pendulinus 15/3-4 Streptopelia orientalis 7/66 Pluvianus aegyptius 4/93 Rhodopechys sanguinea Streptopelia roseogrisea 7/61-62 Podiceps auritus 1/12 16/78-79 Streptopelia senegalensis 7/67 Podiceps cristatus 1/8-9 Rhodospiza obsoleta 16/80 Streptopelia turtur 7/65 Podiceps grisegena 1/10-11 Rhodostethia rosea 6/42 Strix aluco 7/22-26 Podiceps nigricollis 1/13 Riparia cincta 9/78-79 Strix butleri 7/27 Podilymbus podiceps 1/5 Riparia paludicola 9/74-75 Strix nebulosa 7/31-33 Polysticta stelleri 2/50 Riparia riparia 9/76-77 Strix uralensis 7/28-30 Porphyrio porphyrio 4/67-68 Rissa tridactyla 6/43 Struthio camelus 4/85-86 Porphyrula alleni 4/65 Rostratula bengalensis 6/13 Sturnus roseus 10/26 Porphyrula martinica 4/66 Rynchops flavirostris 6/64 Sturnus unicolor 10/23-25 Porzana carolina 4/50-51 Sturnus vulgaris 10/20-22 Porzana marginalis 4/57-58 Saxicola dacotiae 11/29-30 Sula leucogaster 1/37 Porzana parva 4/52-53 Saxicola maura 11/33-34 Surnia ulula 7/14-15 Porzana porzana 4/47-49 Saxicola rubetra 11/27-28 Sylvia althaea 13/36-37 Porzana pusilla 4/54-56 Saxicola rubicola 11/31-32 Sylvia atricapilla 13/43-45 Prinia gracilis 14/25-26 Scolopax rusticola 6/11-12 Sylvia balearica 13/9-10 Prunella atrogularis 10/15 Scotocerca inquieta 14/27-28 Sylvia borin 13/40-42 Prunella collaris 10/16-18 Seiurus aurocapillus 17/72 Sylvia cantillans 13/17-18 Prunella modularis 10/12-13 Seiurus noveboracensis 17/73 Sylvia communis 13/38-39 Prunella montanella 10/14 Serinus canaria 16/53-54 Sylvia conspicillata 13/15-16 Psittacula krameri 8/44 Serinus citrinella 16/55-56 Sylvia crassirostris 13/32-33 Pterocles alchata 4/6 Serinus pusillus 16/48 Sylvia curruca 13/36-37 Pterocles coronatus 4/2 Serinus serinus 16/49-50 Sylvia derserticola 13/13-14 Pterocles exustus 4/4 Serinus syriacus 16/51-52 Sylvia deserti 13/26-27 Pterocles lichtensteinii 4/1 Setophaga ruticilla 17/71 Sylvia hortensis 13/30-31 Pterocles orientalis 4/5 Sitta canadensis 15/35-36 Sylvia leucomelaena 13/28-29 Pterocles senegallus 4/3 Sitta europaea 15/37-39 Sylvia melanocephala 13/20-21 Pterodroma feae 1/21 Sitta krueperi 15/29-30 Sylvia melanothorax 13/22-23 Pterodroma madeira 1/22 Sitta ledanti 15/33-34 Sylvia minula 13/36-37 Ptyonoprogne fuligula 9/80-81 Sitta neumayer 15/42-43 Sylvia mystacea 13/19 Ptyonoprogne rupestris 9/82-83 Sitta tephronota 15/40-41 Sylvia nana 13/26-27 Puffinus assimilis 1/31 Sitta whiteheadi 15/31-32 Sylvia nisoria 13/34-35 Puffinus gravis 1/26 Somateria mollissima 2/47-48 Sylvia rueppelli 13/24-25 56

Sylvia sarda 13/9-10 Vanellus gregarius 5/28 Arabian Babbler 13/6 Sylvia undata 13/11-12 Vanellus indicus 5/27 Arabian Bustard 4/82 Syrmaticus reevesii 4/25 Vanellus leucurus 5/29 Arctic Loon 1/2 Syrrhaptes paradoxus 4/7 Vanellus spinosus 5/24-25 Arctic Tern 6/53 Vanellus tectus 5/26 Arctic Warbler 14/45-46 Armenian Gull 6/38 Tachybaptus ruficollis 1/6-7 Vanellus vanellus 5/30-31 Asian Brown Flycatcher Tadorna ferruginea 2/19 Vermivora peregrina 17/61 12/1-2 Tadorna tadorna 2/20 Vireo olivaceus 12/36 Atlantic Puffin 6/73 Tarsiger cyanurus 11/13-14 Audouin’s Gull 6/31 Tchagra senegala 12/15 Wilsonia citrina 17/76 Azure Tit 15/24-25 Terathopius ecaudatus 3/31 Azure-winged Magpie Tetrao tetrix 4/35-36 Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus 12/40-41 Tetrao urogallus 4/37-38 17/87-88 Tetrax tetrax 4/78 Xenus cinereus 5/74-75 Baikal Teal 2/28 Threskiornis aethiopicus 1/88 Baillon’s Crake 4/54-56 Tichodroma muraria 15/44-45 Zonotrichia albicollis 17/7 Baird’s Sandpiper 5/46 Torgos tracheliotus 3/7 Zonotrichia leucophrys 17/5-6 Balearic Shearwater 1/30 Toxostoma rufum 10/28-29 Zoothera dauma 10/36 Balearic Warbler 13/9-10 Tringa erythropus 5/60 Zoothera sibirica 10/37 Bald Ibis 1/87 Tringa flavipes 5/68 Baltimoretrupial 17/89 Tringa glareola 5/72-73 Banded Martin 9/78-79 Tringa melanoleuca 5/67 Band-rumped Storm-Petrel Tringa nebularia 5/65-66 1/36 Tringa ochropus 5/70-71 Bank Swallow 9/76-77 Tringa solitaria 5/69 Barbary Falcon 3/75-76 Registry of the Barbary Partridge 4/14-15 Tringa stagnatilis 5/63-64 Bar-headed Goose 2/12 Tringa totanus 5/61-62 german species’ Barnacle Goose 2/15 Troglodytes troglodytes 10/9-11 names Barn Owl 7/1-3 Turdoides fulvus 13/7-8 Barn Swallow 9/84-85 Turdoides squamiceps 13/6 Abyssinian Roller 8/20 Barred Warbler 13/34-35 Turdus atrogularis 10/61-62 African Collared-Dove Barrow’s Goldeneye 2/57 Turdus eunomus 10/59-60 7/61-62 Bar-tailed Godwit 5/96-97 Turdus iliacus 10/67-68 African Darter 1/47-48 Bar-tailed Lark 9/6-7 Turdus merula 10/50-54 African Desert Warbler Bateleur 3/31 Turdus migratorius 10/71-72 13/26-27 Bean Goose 2/7 Turdus naumanni 10/57-58 African Fish-Eagle 3/11 Bearded Reedling 13/5 Turdus obscurus 10/55-56 African Palm-Swift 8/42 Bearded Vulture 3/1-2 Turdus philomelos 10/65-66 African Pied-Wagtail 9/72-73 Belted Kingfisher 8/32 Turdus pilaris 10/63-64 African Silverbill 16/34-35 Berthelot’s Pipit 9/47-48 Turdus ruficollis 10/61-62 African Skimmer 6/64 Bicknell’s Thrush 10/44 Turdus torquatus 10/48-49 African Spoonbill 1/91 Bimaculated Lark 9/17 Turdus unicolor 10/46-47 Algerian Nuthatch 15/33-34 Black-and-white Warbler Turdus viscivorus 10/69-70 Allen’s Gallinule 4/65 17/60 Turnix sylvatica 4/43 Alpine Accentor 10/16-18 Black-bellied Plover 5/23 Black-bellied Sandgrouse Tyto alba 7/1-3 Alpine Swift 8/39 American Bittern 1/57 4/5 American Black Duck 2/33 Black-billed Cuckoo 8/12-13 Upupa epops 8/15-17 American Coot 4/71 Black-browed Albatross 1/14 Uraeginthus bengalus 16/30-31 American Golden-Plover 5/19 Blackcap 13/43-45 Uria aalge 6/65 American Kestrel 3/61 Black Crake 4/61 Uria lomvia 6/66 American Redstart 17/71 Black-crowned Night-Heron Urocolius macrourus 8/43 American Robin 10/71-72 1/62-63 American Wigeon 2/25 Black-crowned Sparrow-Lark Aquatic Warbler 14/3-4 9/1-2 57

Black-crowned Tchagra Boreal Owl 7/42-44 Collared Flycatcher 12/11-12 12/15 Brambling 16/46-47 Collared Pratincole 4/91 Black-eared Wheatear Brant 2/16 Common Bulbul 10/3-4 11/47-48 Bridled Tern 6/55 Common Buzzard 3/46-47 Black-faced Bunting Broad-billed Roller 8/21 Common Crane 4/73-74 17/14-15 Broad-billed Sandpiper Common Cuckoo 8/8-10 Black Francolin 4/18 5/54-55 Common Eider 2/47-48 Black Grouse 4/35-36 Brown Booby 1/37 Common Goldeneye 2/58 Black Guillemont 6/68 Brown Fish-Owl 7/10 Common Greenshank Black-headed Bunting Brown-necked Raven 12/58 5/65-66 17/56-57 Brown Noddy 6/63 Common Kingfisher 8/28-30 Black-headed Gull 6/27-28 Brown Shrike 12/16-17 Common Loon 1/3 Black-headed Heron 1/79 Brown Thrasher 10/28-29 Common Magpie Black-headed Lapwing 5/26 Bufflehead 2/56 12/42-46 Black Heron 1/70 Bulwer’s Petrel 1/23 Common Merganser 2/62 Black Kite 3/35-36 Common Moorhen 4/62-63 Black Lark 9/20-21 Calandra Lark 9/15-16 Common Murre 6/65 Black-legged Kittiwake 6/43 California Quail 4/41 Common Myna 10/27 Blackpoll Warbler 17/69-70 Canada Goose 2/14 Common Nighthawk 7/45 Black Redstart 11/18-19 Canary Islands Chat Common Nightingale 11/8-9 Black Scoter 2/53 11/29-30 Common Pochard 2/41 Black Scrub-Robin 11/2 Canary Islands Chiffchaff Common Quail 4/23-24 Blackstart 11/25-26 14/69-70 Common Raven 12/59 Black Stork 1/94-95 Canary Islands Kinglet 15/53 Common Redpoll 16/67-68 Black-tailed Godwit 5/94-95 Canary Islands Tit 15/22-23 Common Redshank 5/61-62 Black Tern 6/60-61 Cape Gannet 1/38 Common Redstart 11/20-21 Black-throated Accentor Cape May Warbler 17/65 Common Ronged Plover 10/15 Cape Petrel 1/20 5/8-9 Black-throated Green Cape Teal 2/30 Common Rosefinch 16/83-84 Warbler 17/64 Cape Verde Petrel 1/21 Common Sandpiper 5/76-77 Black-throated Thrush Cape Verde Shearwater 1/25 Common Shelduck 2/20 10/61-62 Cape Verde Swamp-Warbler Common Snipe 6/3-5 Black Wheatear 11/60-61 14/9-10 Common Swift 8/34-36 Black-winged Kite 3/32 Carrion Crow 12/56 Common Tern 6/51-52 Black-winged Pratincole Caspian Gull 6/36 Common Waxbill 16/27-28 4/92 Caspian Plover 5/16 Common Wood-Pigeon Black-winged Stilt 5/2-3 Caspian Tern 6/46 7/57-58 Black Woodpecker 8/60-63 Cattle Egret 1/68-69 Common Yellowthroat Blue Chaffinch 16/44-45 Cetti’s Warbler 14/21-22 17/74-75 Blue-cheeked Bee-eater 8/23 Chaffinch 16/36-43 Corn Bunting 17/58-59 Blue Grosbeak 17/83 Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse Corn Crake 4/59-60 Blue-naped Mousebird 8/43 4/4 Corsican Nuthatch 15/31-32 Blue Rock-Thrush 10/34-35 Chestnut Bunting 17/46-47 Cory’s Shearwater 1/24 Bluethroat 11/11-12 Chestnut-shouldered Cream-coloured Courser Blue Tit 15/18-21 Petronia 16/15 4/94 Blue-winged Teal 2/37 Chiffchaff 14/65-66 Crested Auklet 6/71 Blyth’s Pipit 9/43-44 Chukar 4/8-9 Crested Lark 9/26-27 Blyth’s Reed-Warbler 14/8 Cinnamon-breasted Bunting Crested Tit 15/14-15 Bobolink 17/86 17/26-27 Cretzschmar’s Bunting Bohemian Waxwing 10/5-6 Cinereous Bunting 17/32-33 17/38-39 Bolle’s Pigeon 7/59 Cinereous Vulture 3/8-9 Cricket Longtail 14/29 Bonaparte’s Gull 6/26 Citril Finch 16/55-56 Crimson-winged Finch Bonelli’s Eagle 3/29-30 Cirl Bunting 17/21-22 16/78-79 Bonelli’s Warbler 14/57-58 Clamorous Reed-Warbler Crowned Sandgrouse 4/2 Booted Eagle 3/28 14/16-17 Curlew Sandpiper 5/48-49 Booted Warbler 13/50 Coal Tit 15/16-17 Cyprus Warbler 13/22-23 58

Cyprus Wheatear 11/45-46 Eurasian Golden-Oriole Familiar Chat 11/24 12/61-63 Fan-tailed Raven 12/60 Dalmatian Pelican 1/43 Eurasian Green Woodpecker Feral Pigeon 7/52-54 Dark Chanting-Goshawk 8/53-55 Ferruginous Pochard 2/44 3/49-50 Eurasian Griffon 3/5 Fieldfare 10/63-64 Dark-eyed Junco 17/8-9 Eurasien Hobby 3/65-66 Finsch’s Wheatear 11/50-51 Dartford Warbler 13/11-12 Eurasian Jackdaw 12/52 Firecrest 15/54-55 Daurian Jackdaw 12/53 Eurasian Jay 12/37-38 Fire-fronted Serin 16/48 Dead Sea Sparrow 16/6-7 Eurasian Kestrel 3/59-60 Fork-tailed Swift 8/38 Demoiselle Crane 4/77 Eurasian Linnet 16/63-64 Forster’s Tern 6/54 Desert Finch 16/80 Eurasian Nightjar 7/46-48 Fox Sparrow 17/3 Desert Lark 9/8-9 Eurasian Nutcracker Franklin’s Gull 6/23 Desert Sparrow 16/9 12/47-48 Fulvous Chatterer 13/7-8 Desert Warbler 13/26-27 Eurasian Nuthatch 15/37-39 Fulvous Whistling-Duck 2/1 Desert Wheatear 11/49 Eurasian Oystercatcher 5/4-5 Dideric Cuckoo 8/6-7 Eurasian Penduline-Tit Gabar Goshawk 3/51 Double-spurred Francolin 15/3-4 Gadwall 2/27 4/19-20 Eurasian Pygmy-Owl 7/16-18 Garden Warbler 13/40-42 Dovekie 6/69-70 Eurasian Reed-Warbler Garganey 2/36 Dunlin 5/52-52 14/13-15 Glaucous Gull 6/40 Dunnock 10/12-13 Eurasian River Warbler Glossy Ibis 1/85-86 Dunn’s Lark 9/4-5 14/34-35 Goldcrest 15/51-52 Dupont’s Lark 9/12 Eurasian Siskin 16/61-62 Golden Eagle 3/15-16 Dusky Thrush 10/59-60 Eurasian Sparrowhawk Golden Pheasant 4/28-29 Dusky Warbler 14/55-56 3/54-55 Goliath Heron 1/82 Dwarf Bittern 1/61 Eurasian Spoonbill 1/89-90 Graceful Prinia 14/25-26 Eurasian Thick-knee 4/87-88 Grasshopper Warbler Eared Grebe 1/13 Eurasian Treecreeper 14/32-33 Egyptian Goose 2/18 15/46-47 Gray Catbird 10/30-31 Egyptian Nightjar 7/50 Eurasian Tree Sparrow Gray-backed Fiscal 12/31 Egyptian Plover 4/93 16/10-11 Gray-cheeked Thrush 10/43 Egyptian Vulture 3/3-4 Eurasian Wigeon 2/24 Gray-faced Woodpecker Eleonora’s Falcon 3/67 Eurasian Woodcock 6/11-12 8/49-52 Eastern Black-eared Wheatear Eurasian Wryneck 8/45-46 Gray-headed Albatross 1/17 11/47-48 European Bee-eater 8/24 Gray-headed Gull 6/29 Eastern Bonelli’s Warbler European Golden-Plover Gray-headed Kingfisher 8/27 14/59-60 5/21-22 Gray Heron 1/77-78 Eastern Crowned-Warbler European Goldfinch 16/59-60 Gray-hooded Bunting 14/39-40 European Greenfinch 17/36-37 Eastern Olivaceous Warbler 16/57-58 Gray Partridge 4/21-22 13/46-47 European Honey-Buzzard Gray’s Warbler 14/38 Eastern Orphean Warbler 3/48 Gray Wagtail 9/68-69 13/32-33 European Pied Flycatcher Great Bittern 1/55-56 Eastern Towhee 17/1-2 12/13-14 Great Black-backed Gull Ethiopian Swallow 9/86-87 European Robin 11/3-5 6/41 Eurasian Blackbird 10/50-54 European Roller 8/18-19 Great Black-headed Gull Eurasian Bullfinch 16/88-89 European Scops-Owl 7/4-6 6/20 Eurasian Capercaillie 4/37-38 European Serin 16/49-50 Great Bustard 4/83-84 Eurasian Collared-Dove European Shag 1/51-52 Great Cormorant 1/49-50 7/63-64 European Starling 10/20-22 Great Crested Grebe 1/8-9 Eurasian Coot 4/69-70 European Storm-Petrel 1/34 Great Egret 1/75-76 Eurasian Crag-Martin European Turtle-Dove 7/65 Greater Flamingo 1/83 9/82-83 Evening Grosbeak 16/92 Greater Hoopoe-Lark 9/10-11 Eurasian Curlew 5/91-93 Eyebrowed Thrush 10/55-56 Greater Painted-Snipe 6/13 Eurasian Dotterel 5/17-18 Greater Sand Plover 5/15 Eurasian Eagle-Owl 7/7-9 Falcated Duck 2/26 Greater Scaup 2/46 59

Greater Shearwater 1/26 8/56 Little Bustard 4/78 Greater Short-toed Lark Iceland Gull 6/39 Little Crake 4/52-53 9/22-23 Icterine Warbler 13/55-56 Little Curlew 5/87 Greater Spotted Eagle 3/22 Imperial Eagle 3/17-18 Little Egret 1/72-73 Greater White-fronted Goose Indigo Bunting 17/84 Little Grebe 1/6-7 2/9 Inornate Warbler 14/49-50 Little Gull 6/24 Greater White-throat Intermediate Egret 1/74 Little Owl 7/19-21 13/38-39 Isabelline Wheatear 11/37-38 Little Ringed Plover 5/6-7 Greater Yellowlegs 5/67 Island Canary 16/53-54 Little Shearwater 1/31 Great Gray Owl 7/31-33 Ivory Gull 6/44 Little Stint 5/39-40 Great Reed-Warbler 14/18-19 Little Swift 8/41 Great Skua 6/18 Jack Snipe 6/1-2 Little Tern 6/57 Great Snipe 6/6 Long-billed Dowitcher 5/58 Great Spotted Cuckoo 8/2-3 King Eider 2/49 Long-billed Pipit 9/49-50 Great Spotted Woodpecker Kittlitz’s Plover 5/10 Long-eared Owl 7/34-36 8/66-68 Kordofan Lark 9/3 Long-legged Buzzard Great Tit 15/26-28 Krueper’s Nuthatch 15/29-30 3/43-44 Great White Pelican 1/41-42 Long-tailed Cormorant 1/54 Green Bee-eater 8/22 Lady Amherst’s Pheasant Long-tailed Jaeger 6/17 Green Heron 1/65 4/30 Long-tailed Tit 15/1-2 Greenish Warbler 14/41-42 Lanceolated Warbler 14/31 Long-toed Stint 5/43 Green Sandpiper 5/70-71 Lanner Falcon 3/68 Green Warbler 14/44 Lapland Longspur 17/10-11 Madeira Firecrest 15/54-55 Green-winged Teal 2/29 Lappet-faced Vulture 3/7 Madeira Petrel 1/22 Greylag Goose 2/11 Laughing Dove 7/67 Magnificent Frigatebird 1/46 Gull-billed Tern 6/45 Laughing Gull 6/22 Mallard 2/31-32 Gyrfalcon 3/71-72 Laurel Pigeon 7/60 Mandarin Duck 2/23 Leach’s Storm-Petrel 1/35 Manx Shearwater 1/28 Harlequin Duck 2/51 Least Bittern 1/58 Marabou Stork 1/99 Hawfinch 16/90 Least Sandpiper 5/44 Marbled Teal 2/39 Hazel Grouse 4/31-32 Lemon-rumped Warbler Marmora’s Warbler 13/9-10 Helmeted Guineafowl 14/47-48 Marsh Owl 7/40-41 4/39-40 Lesser Black-backed Gull Marsh Sandpiper 5/63-64 Hermit Thrush 10/40 6/34 Marsh Tit 15/5-6 Herring Gull 6/35 Lesser Crested Tern 6/48 Marsh Warbler 14/11-12 Hoary Redpoll 16/69-70 Lesser Flamingo 1/84 Masked Shrike 12/34-35 Hooded Crow 12/56 Lesser Gray Shrike 12/23-24 McQueen’s Bustard 4/81 Hooded Merganser 2/59 Lesser Kestrel 3/58 Meadow Bunting 17/23 Hooded Warbler 17/76 Lesser Moorhen 4/64 Meadow Pipit 9/56-57 Hoopoe 8/15-17 Lesser Redpoll 16/67-68 Mediterranean Gull 6/21 Horned Grebe 1/12 Lesser Short-toed Lark Mediterranean Shearwater Horned Lark 9/37-38 9/24-25 1/29 Houbara Bustard 4/79-80 Lesser Spotted Eagle 3/21 Melodious Warbler 13/57-58 House Bunting 17/30-31 Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Menetries’ Warbler 13/19 House Crow 12/54 8/78-81 Merlin 3/64 House Martin 9/92-93 Lesser White-fronted Goose Mew Gull 6/33 House Sparrow 16/1-3 2/10 Middle Spotted Woodpecker Hume’s Leaf Warbler 14/51-52 Lesser White-throat 13/36-37 8/71-74 Hume’s Owl 7/27 Levaillant’s Woodpecker Mistle Thrush 10/69-70 Hume’s White-throat 8/57-59 Mongolian Plover 5/14 13/36-37 Levant Sparrowhawk 3/57 Montagu’s Harrier 3/40-41 Hybrid Rock Partridge / Lichtenstein’s Sandgrouse Mountain Chiffchaff 14/71-72 Red-legged Partridge 4/13 4/1 Mourning Wheatear 11/55 Light-mantled Albatross 1/18 Moussier’s Redstart 11/22-23 Iago Sparrow 16/8 Little Bittern 1/59-60 Moustached Warbler 14/1-2 Iberian Green Woodpecker Little Bunting 17/44-45 Mute Swan 2/3-4 60

Namaqua Dove 7/68 Pied Crow 12/57 Red-necked Phalarope Naumann’s Thrush 10/57-58 Pied Cuckoo 8/1 5/83-84 Naumann’s Thrush 10/59-60 Pied Kingfisher 8/31 Red-necked Stint 5/38 Nile Valley Sunbird 13/1-2 Pied Wheatear 11/43-44 Red Phalarope 5/85-86 Northern Anteater-Chat Pine Bunting 17/16-17 Red-rumped Swallow 11/35-36 Pine Grosbeak 16/86-87 9/90-91 Northern Bobwhite 4/42 Pink-backed Pelican 1/44 Red-rumped Wheatear Northern Flicker 8/47-48 Pink-footed Goose 2/8 11/52-53 Northern Fulmar 1/19 Pin-tailed Sandgrouse 4/6 Red Sea Warbler 13/28-29 Northern Gannet 1/39-40 Pintail Snipe 6/7-8 Red-tailed Wheatear 11/54 Northern Goshawk 3/52-53 Plain Leaf-Warbler 14/63-64 Red-throated Loon 1/1 Northern Harrier 3/39 Plain Martin 9/74-75 Red-throated Pipit 9/58-59 Nothern Hawk Owl 7/14-15 Pomarine Jaeger 6/14 Red-throated Thrush Northern Lapwing 5/30-31 Purple Gallinule 4/66 10/61-62 Northern Parula 17/62 Purple Heron 1/80-81 Red-wattled Lapwing 5/27 Northern Pintail 2/34 Purple Sandpiper 5/50-51 Redwing 10/67-68 Northern Shoveler 2/38 Purple Swamphen 4/67-68 Reeves’ Pheasant 4/25 Northern Shrike 12/25-27 Pygmy Cormorant 1/53 Richard’s Pipit 9/41-42 Northern Waterthrush 17/73 Pygmy Sunbird 13/1-2 Ring-billed Gull 6/32 Northern Wheatear 11/39-40 Ring-necked Duck 2/43 Radde’s Warbler 14/53-54 Ring-necked Pheasant Oldsquaw 2/52 Razo Lark 9/35-36 4/26-27 Olive-backed Pipit 9/51-52 Razorbill 6/67 Ring Ouzel 10/48-49 Olive-tree Warbler 13/53-54 Reed Bunting 17/50-51 Rock Bunting 17/24-25 Orange-cheeked Waxbill Red Avadavat 16/32-33 Rock Dove 7/51 16/29 Red-backed Shrike 12/20-22 Rock Martin 9/80-81 Oriental Cuckoo 8/11 Red-billed Chough 12/50-51 Rock Nuthatch 15/42-43 Oriental Skylark 9/32 Red-billed Duck 2/35 Rock Partridge 4/10 Oriental Turtle-Dove 7/66 Red-billed Firefinch 16/25-26 Rock Petronia 16/16-18 Ortolan Bunting 17/34-35 Red-billed Quelea 16/24 Rock Pipit 9/60-61 Osprey 3/10 Red-billed Tropicbird 1/45 Rock Ptarmigan 4/34 Ostrich 4/85-86 Red-breasted Flycatcher Rook 12/55 Ovenbird 17/72 12/5-6 Roseate Tern 6/50 Red-breasted Goose 2/17 Rose-breasted Grosbeak Pacific Golden-Plover 5/20 Red-breasted Merganser 17/81-82 Paddyfield Warbler 14/7 2/61 Rose-ringed Parakeet 8/44 Painted Bunting 17/85 Red-breasted Nuthatch Ross’ Gull 6/42 Pale Rockfinch 16/14 15/35-36 Rosy Starling 10/26 Pale Rosefinch 16/85 Red-cheeked Cordonbleu Rough-legged Hawk 3/45 Palestine Sunbird 13/3-4 16/30-31 Royal Tern 6/47 Pallas’ Bunting 17/52-53 Red-crested Pochard 2/40 Ruddy Duck 2/63 Pallas’ Fish-Eagle 3/12 Red Crossbill 16/73-74 Ruddy Shelduck 2/19 Pallas’ Sandgrouse 4/7 Red-eyed Vireo 12/36 Ruddy Turnstone 5/80-81 Pallas’ Warbler 14/30 Red-flanked Bluetail Rueppel’s Griffon 3/6 Pallid Harrier 3/42 11/13-14 Rueppell’s Warbler 13/24-25 Pallid Swift 8/37 Red-footed Falcon 3/62-63 Ruff 5/56 Palm Warbler 17/67-68 Redhead 2/42 Rufous-backed Redstart Parakeet Auklet 6/72 Red-headed Bunting 11/17 Parasitic Jaeger 6/15-16 17/54-55 Rufous-tailed Rock-Thrush Parrot Crossbill 16/76-77 Red Kite 3/33-34 10/32-33 Pechora Pipit 9/55 Red Kont 5/32-33 Rufous-tailed Scrub-Robin Pectoral Sandpiper 5/47 Red-knobbed Coot 4/72 11/1 Peregrine Falcon 3/73-74 Red-legged Partridge Rufous-tailed Shrike Persian Nuthatch 15/40-41 4/11-12 12/18-19 Pied Avocet 5/1 Red-necked Grebe 1/10-11 Rustic Bunting 17/42-43 Pied-billed Grebe 1/5 Red-necked Nightjar 7/49 61

Sabine’s Gull 6/25 Spanish Chiffchaff 14/67-68 Tufted Duck 2/45 Sacred Ibis 1/88 Spanish Eagle 3/19-20 Twite 16/65-66 Saker Falcon 3/69-70 Spanish Sparrow 16/4-5 Two-barred Greenish Warbler Sanderling 5/34-35 Spectacled Warbler 13/15-16 14/43 Sandhill Crane 4/75 Spotless Starling 10/23-25 Sand Partridge 4/17 Spotted Crake 4/47-49 Upcher’s Warbler 13/52 Sandwich Tern 6/49 Spotted Flycatcher 12/3-4 Upland Sandpiper 5/59 Sardinian Warbler 13/20-21 Spotted Redshank 5/60 Ural Owl 7/28-30 Savi’s Warbler 14/36-37 Spotted Sandgrouse 4/3 Scaly Thrush 10/36 Spotted Sandpiper 5/78 Veery 10/45 Scarlet Tanager 17/79-80 Spur-winged Goose 2/21 Verreaux’s Eagle 3/25 Scottish Crossbill 16/75 Spur-winged Plover 5/24-25 Village Weaver 16/23 Seebohm’s Wheatear Squacco Heron 1/66-67 11/41-42 Steller’s Eider 2/50 Wallcreeper 15/44-45 See-see Partridge 4/16 Steppe Eagle 3/23 Wandering Albatross 1/16 Sedge Warbler 14/5-6 Steppe Gray Shrike 12/28-30 Water Pipit 9/62-63 Semicollared Flycatcher Stock Pigeon 7/55-56 Water Rail 4/44-46 12/9-10 Stonechat 11/31-32 Western Marsh-Harrier Semipalmated Sandpiper Streaked Scrub-Warbler 3/37-38 5/36 14/27-28 Western Mourning Wheatear Senegal Coucal 8/4-5 Streaked Weaver 16/22 11/56-57 Senegal Thick-knee 4/89-90 Striated Bunting 17/28-29 Western Olivaceous Warbler Shikra 3/56 Striated Heron 1/64 13/48-49 Short-billed Dowitcher 5/57 Striped Crake 4/57-58 Western Orphean Warbler Short-eared Owl 7/37-39 Subalpine Warbler 13/17-18 13/30-31 Short-toed Eagle 3/26-27 Sudan Golden Sparrow Western Reef-Heron 1/71 Short-toed Treecreeper 16/12-13 Western Sandpiper 5/37 15/48-50 Summer Tanager 17/77-78 Whimbrel 5/88-89 Siberian Accentor 10/14 Surf Scoter 2/54 Whinchat 11/27-28 Siberian Chiffchaff 14/73-74 Swainson’s Thrush 10/41-42 Whiskered Tern 6/58-59 Siberian Crane 4/76 Swinhoe’s Snipe 6/9-10 Whistling Swan 2/5 Siberian Jay 12/39 Sykes’ Warbler 13/51 White-backed Woodpecker Siberian Rubythroat 11/10 Syrian Serin 16/51-52 8/75-77 Siberian Stonechat 11/33-34 Syrian Woodpecker 8/69-70 White-crowned Sparrow Siberian Thrush 10/37 17/5-6 Siberian Tit 15/12-13 Taiga Flycatcher 12/7-8 White-eyed Gull 6/19 Sky Lark 9/33-34 Tawny Eagle 3/24 White-faced Storm-Petrel Slender-billed Curlew 5/90 Tawny Owl 7/22-26 1/33 Slender-billed Gull 6/30 Tawny Pipit 9/45-46 White-faced Whistling-Duck Small Buttonquail 4/43 Temminck’s Lark 9/39-40 2/2 Small White-throat 13/36-37 Temminck’s Stint 5/41-42 White-headed Duck 2/64 Smew 2/60 Tennessee Warbler 17/61 White-rumped Sandpiper Snow Bunting 17/12-13 Terek Sandpiper 5/74-75 5/45 Snow Goose 2/13 Thekla Lark 9/28-29 White-rumped Swift 8/40 Snowy Owl 7/11-13 Thick-billed Lark 9/13-14 White-spectacled Bulbul Snowy Plover 5/12-13 Thick-billed Murre 6/66 10/1-2 Sociable Lapwing 5/28 Thick-billed Warbler 14/20 White Stork 1/96-98 Solitary Sandpiper 5/69 Three-banded Plover 5/11 White-tailed Eagle 3/13-14 Sombre Tit 15/7-8 Three-toed Woodpecker White-tailed Lapwing 5/29 Song Sparrow 17/4 8/82-84 White-tailed Wheatear Song Thrush 10/65-66 Thrush Nightingale 11/6-7 11/58-59 Sooty Shearwater 1/27 Tickell’s Thrush 10/46-47 White-throated Dipper 10/7-8 Sooty Tern 6/56 Tree Pipit 9/53-54 White-throated Kingfisher Sora 4/50-51 Tristram’s Starling 10/19 8/25-26 Southern Gray Shrike Tristram’s Warbler 13/13-14 White-throated Needletail 12/28-30 Trumpeter Finch 16/81-82 8/33 62

White-throated Robin 11/15-16 White-throated Sparrow 17/7 White Wagtail 9/70-71 White-winged Crossbill 16/71-72 White-winged Lark 9/18-19 White-winged Scoter 2/55 White-winged Snowfinch 16/19-21 White-winged Tern 6/62 Whooper Swan 2/6 Willet 5/79 Willow Ptarmigan 4/33 Willow Tit 15/9-11 Willow Warbler 14/75-77 Wilson’s Phalarope 5/82 Wilson’s Storm-Petrel 1/32 Winter Wren 10/9-11 Wire-tailed Swallow 9/88-89 Woodchat Shrike 12/32-33 Wood Duck 2/22 Wood Lark 9/30-31 Wood Sandpiper 5/72-73 Wood Thrush 10/38-39 Wood Warbler 14/61-62

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 8/64-65 Yellow-billed Chough 12/49 Yellow-billed Cuckoo 8/14 Yellow-billed Loon 1/4 Yellow-billed Stork 1/92-93 Yellow-breasted Bunting 17/48-49 Yellow-browed Bunting 17/40-41 Yellowhammer 17/18-20 Yellow-headed Blackbird 17/87-88 Yellow-hooded Wagtail 9/66-67 Yellow-legged Gull 6/37 Yellow-nosed Albatross 1/15 Yellow-rumped Warbler 17/66 Yellow Wagtail 9/64-65 Yellow Warbler “Big Lump” 17/63

Zitting Cisticola 14/23-24 The BIRD SONGS

of Europe, North Africa and the Near East

Discover the fascinating world of Birdsongs!

This edition includes 17 Audio-CDs with 2.817 sound recordings of songs, calls, and other signs of 819 bird species. Never before were the birdsongs of Europe, North Africa, and the Near East presented in such quality and entirety.

The birds are systematically arranged by zoology, similar kinds can thus be compared easily. Many of the birdspecies have two or more separate, consecutive titles. This novelty enables to choose the calls separately from the songs, for example, which in practice brings obvious advantages. The 64-page booklet explains the sound recordings in german, the starting time of each recording is noted. In the registry, the german and scientific (latin) bird names offer a quick and specific access to over 19 hours of listening experience.

Editor and publisher: Andreas Schulze Recordings: Archive Jean C. Roché, Claude Chappuis, Karl-Heinz Dingler, Andreas Schulze, Alfred Werle, Krister Mild, Guy Gibbon, Pavel Pelz und andere. Recording studio: Musikverlag Edition AMPLE

Total playing time 19:20 Hours

© 2003 Musikverlag Edition AMPLE Order-No. 329.490 (17 Audio-CDs with booklet) ISBN 3-935329-49-0 www.ample.de, www.tierstimmen.de Alle Rechte vorbehalten. All rights reserved. Tous droits réservés.