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Home , Birkeland (lunar crater), Bliss (crater), Burroughs (crater), Columbia River Estuary, Dvorak (crater), Mount Adams (Colorado)

101

SUBJECT INDEX

Acoustics, see BLAST · ACOUSTICS LAWREN CE, D. B ., 1939, Continuing research on the flora of Mt St Helens. Aerial photography, see REMOTE SENSING LAURENCE, HERBERT, 1954, Geological history of Mount St. Helens. Agriculture, see BIOLOGY . FLORA . . AG RI CULTURE LAWRENCE, D. B., 1954, Diagrammatic history of the northeast slope of Mt. St. Helens, . Animals, see BIOLOGY· FAUNA SCHRIENER, , 1977, General geology and selected base metal distributions in the southern Cascade AREAL GEOLOGY (BEFORE 1980) Range, Washington. ASHLEY, R. P.; EVARTS, R. C., 1980, G~logy and ore VERHOOGEN, JEAN, 1936, Geology of Mount St Helens, deposits of the St. Helens mining district, Washington Washington. [abstract]. VERHOOGEN, JEAN, 1937, Mount St Helens-A recent BA1EMAN, A. F., 1951, Geology of dam sites on Lewis Cascade volcano. River, Washington. ZAPFFE, CARL, 1912, The geology of the St Helens GILE, KATHARINE, 1903, Mount St. Helens. mining district of Washington. HAMMOND, P. E., 1973, Preliminary geologic map of the AREAL GEOLOGY (1980) southern . HAMMOND, P. E., 1975, Preliminary geologic map and CRISWELL, C . . W., 1984, Mount St Helens­ cross-sections with emphasis on Quaternary volcanic Intra-eruption geologic map from x-band radar, 1310 & rocks, southern Cascade Mountains, Washington. 135.0 HRS PDT, May 18, 1980. HAMMOND, P. E., 1977, Reconnaissance geologic map FRI'IZ, W. J.; FISK, L. H.; HARRISON, SYLVIA, 1982, and cross-sections of southern Cascade Range, Mount St Helens road log-A visit to the lower Toutle Washington, latitude46 degrees 30 minutes -47 degrees and Cowlitz River drainages to observe the 15 minutes N., longitude 120 degrees 45 minutes - 122 sedimentology, transported trees, and other effects or degrees 22.5 minutes W., scale 1:125,000 [abstract]. mudflows resulting from the eruptions of May 18, 1980, and 19, 1982. HAMMOND, P. E., 1980, Reconnaissance geologic map and cross sections of southern Washington Cascade LIPMAN,P. W.; MULLINEAUX,D.R.,EDITORS, 1981, Range, latitude 45 degrees 30 minutes - 47 degrees 15 The 1980 eruptions of Mount St Helens, Washington. minutes N., longitude 120 degrees 45 minutes • 122 degrees 22.5 minutes W. AREAL GEOLOGY (POST 1980) HOUGLAND, EVEREIT, 1935, A report on a geologic EV ARTS, R. C.; ASHLEY, R. P., 1984, Preliminary reconnaissance of the St Helens mining district, geologic map of the Lake quadrangle, Washington. Washington. HUNTIING, M. T.; BENNEIT, W. A.G.; LIVINGSTON, FRm, W. J.; FISK, L. H.; HARRISON, SYLVIA, 1982, V.E.,JR.;MOEN, w.s .. cm,1PILERS, 1961, Geologic Mount St Helens road log-A visit to the lower Toutle map of Washington. and Cowlitz River drainages to observe the HYDE, J. H., 1970, Geologic setting of Merrill Lake and sedimentology, transported trees, and other effects of evaluation of volcanic hazards in the Kalama River mudflows resulting from the eruptions of May 18, 1980, valley near Mount St Helens, Washington. and March 19, 1982. HYDE, J. H., 1973, Late Quaternary volcanic stratigraphy, STAHL, C. F., 1983, Area of Mt Saint Helens-Site of flank of Mount St. Helens, Washington.• 1983 campout IB...FORD, NORMAN; KENT, RICHARD, 1981, Mount St Helens and the geology of Lewis and Toulle Rivers. • Throughout the Subject Index, an asterisk indicates multiple publications and/or abstracts with this authorship Avalanches, see MASS MOVEMENTS . and tille; see Bibliography for the full list of citations. AVALANCHES AND LANDSLIDES

101 102 BEAN CREEK

SNEVA, F. A.; BRITTON, C. M.; MAYLAND, H.F.; BEAN CREEK BUCKHOUSE, JOHN; EVANS, R. A.; YOUNG, J. A.; MARTINSON, H. A; FINNERAN, S. D.; TOPINKA, L. J., VAVRA, MARTIN, 1982, Mt. St Helens ash­ 1984, Changes in channel geomorphology of six Considerations of its fallout on rangelands. eruption-affected tributaries of the Lewis River, TAVES, D.R., 1980, Fluoride distribution and biological 1980-82, Mount St Helens, Washington. availability in the fallout from Mount St. Helens, 18 to MARTINSON,H. A.; HAMMOND, H. E.; MAST, W.W.; 21 May 1980. MANGO, P. D .• 1986. Channel geometry andhydrologic U.S. FEDERAL ENIERGENCY MANAGENIENT data for six eruption-affected tributaries of the Lewis AGENCY, 1980, Wildlife and plantcommunity impacts. River, Mount St. Helens, Washington, water years 1983-84. BIOLOGY-FAUNA

BIBLIOGRAPHIES FOSTER, J. H.; MYERS, W. L .• JR.• 1982, Ashfall effects on Columbia Basin wildlife. , G. W., JR., 1983, Mount St Helens and volcanic FOSTER. J. H.; MYERS, W. L., JR.; TILLETT, W. E., action-A computerized bibliography; 3rd edition. 1980, The effects of Mount St Helens ash deposits on HARNLY. C. D.; TYCKOSON, D. A., 1981, Mount St. fish and wildlife in central Washington-A preliminary Helens, the 1980 eruptions-A bibliography. report. HARNLY, C. D.; TYCKOSON, D. A, 1984; Mount St KARLSTROM, E. L., 1986, Amphibian recovery in the Helens-An annotated bibliography. North Fork Toutle River debris avalanche area of Mount RIGBY, J. G., 1981, Bibliographies of the geology and St Helens. volcanic hazards of the Cascade Range volcanoes of MYERS, W. L., JR.; FOSTER, J: H.; TILLETT, W. E., Wash~gton and Mount Hood, . 1981, Observations on the Mount St. Helens ashfall and wildlife in the Columbia Basin, Washington. BIOLOGY [GENERAL WORKS] PETERSON, S. R., 1980, Summary of discussion group BOLDING, DICK, 1981, Surviving the blast meeting on wildlife and fish. COLINVAUX, P. A., 1984, The blessed event at Mt St PRESTON, R. L., 1980, Results of research on volcanic ash Helens-A scientist's view. in farm livestock. COVILLE, F. V., 1903, Youngest of the Cascade snow PRESTON, R. L.; MCGINNIS, J.; KINCAID, R. L.; peaks. MURDOCK, F. R.; MCREYNOLDS, W. E.; KOES, R. M.; HEINEMANN, W.W., 1982,Results of research on CRAWFORD, R. L., 1981, Outline of major biological Mount St Helens volcanic ash in farm livestock. conclusions from 1980-81 Mount St Helens eruptions. SHAW, GARY, 1980, Upstream fisheries and wildlife. DEL MORAL, ROGER, 1981, Life returns to Mount St Helens. STAUBER, ERIC, 1980, Short-tenn effects on birds and wildlife. FRANZ, E. H., 1980, Transients associated with initiation of the nitrogen cycle on volcanic debris during U.S. FEDERAL EMERGE.NCY MANAGEME.J.~T colonization by the "soil crust" biota. AGENCY, 1980, Poultry-Bees-Livestock. FRUCHTER, J. S.; ROBERTSON, D. E.; EVANS, J.C.; VOORHIES, M. R., 1982, Impact of Miocene ashfalls on OLSEN, K. B.; LEPEL, E. A.; LAUL, J.C.; , K. vertebrate life in the -Ancient analogues of H.; SANDERS, R. W.; JACKSON, P. 0.; WOGMAN, Mount St Helens [abstract]. N. S., ET AL, 1980, Mount St Helens ash from the 18 May 1980 eruption-Chemical, physical, mineralogical, BIOLOGY· FAUNA - AQUATIC and biological properties. BOEHLERT, G. W.; MORGAN, J.B.; YOKLA VICH, M. , U. L., 1982, Distribution and characterization of M., 1983, Effects of volcanic ash and estuarine sediment tephra from the May 18, 1980, Mt St Helens eruption on the early life history stages of the Pacific herring, in northern Idaho and western Montana. C/upea harengus pa/lasi. , G. D.; , L. C., 1986, Micro­ environmental investigations of tephra covered surfaces at Mount St. Helens. BIOLOGY - FAUNA - TERRESTRIAL 103 •

CAMPBELL, K. P.; JOHNSON, S. R.; MARTIN, D. J.; WASSERMAN, L. J.; , R. P.; WOLNIAKOWSKI, K. U., 1982, A pilot study of SALO, E. 0., 1984, Effects of Mount St Helens eruption potential phenolic contamination of fishes in the on salmon populations and habitat in the Toutle River. and ttibutaries in the vicinity of Mount PHINNEY. D. E., 1980, Observations on the effects of the St Helens; final report Mt St Helens eruption on salmon populations and CRAWFORD, B. A., 1986, Recovery of game fish salmon culture facilities. populations impacted by the May 18, 1980 eruption of PHINNEY, D. E., 1982, General overview of the immediate Mount St Helens; Part II, Recovery of surviving fish and longer-term effects of Mount St Helens on the populations within the lakes in the Mount Saint Helens salmon resow-ces. National Vok;nic Monument and adjacent areas. PHINNEY, D. E., 1982, Overview of the effects of the CRAWFORD, B. A., 1986, The recovery of surviving fish Mount St Helens eruption on salmon populations. populations within the Mount St Helens National Volcanic Monument and adjacent area. REDDING, J. M.; SCHRECK, C. B .• 1982, Mount St. Helens ash causes sublethal stress responses in steelhead CURL, H. C., JR., 1980, Downstream fisheries. trout DURKIN, TERRY, 1980, Downstream fisheries. REES, WILLIAM, 1981, Mt St Helens and the fish. EV ANS, DALE, 1980, Downstream fisheries. , M.A.; WHITE, M. J., 1985, Observations on lakes FAULCONER, LEE; MONGILLO, PAUL, 1981, Effects near Mount St Helens-Phytoplankton. of Mt St Helens ashfall on three trout streams and STOBER, Q. J.; DINNEL, P. A.; SALO, E. 0., 1980, The Fumping Lake in the Yakima Basin, Washington. effects of suspended volcanic sediment on salmon FUSTE, L. A., 1981, Effects of the Mount St Helens passage and survival [abstract]. eruption on the benthic fauna of the Toutle River, Muddy STOBER,Q.J.;,B.D.; MELBY,C. L.; DINNEL,P. River, and Pine Creek drainage basins, W~hington. A.; JAGIELO, T. H.; SALO, E. 0., 1982, Effect of GAMBLING, M. S.; GRIFFITH, J. S.; PLATTS, W. S., suspended volcanic sediment on coho and Chinook 1986, Response of trout populations in the St Joe River salmon in the Toutle and Cowlitz Rivers. drainage, Idaho, to Mount St Helens tephra. STOBER, Q. J .; ROSS, B. D.; MELBY, C. L.; DINNEL, P. GIBSON, FLASH; HANEGAN, J. L., 1982, Mount St. A.; SALO, E. 0., 1982, The tolerance of Coho salmon to Helens-Its affects [sic] on the invertebrates of a small suspended volcanic sediment. eastern Washington pond [abstract]. WASSERMAN, L. J., 1984, Rearing potential for Coho HORNIG, C. E., 1984, Effects of Mt St Helens ashfall on salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in streams affected by aquatic insects. the eruption of Mount St Helens. KENDRA, W. R., 1983, Effects of volcanic ash on the wn..zBACH. PEGGY; DUDLEY, T. L.; HALL, J~ D., composition, abundance, and vertical distribution of 1983, Recovery patterns in stream communities benthic macroinvertebrates in Chatcolet Lake, Idaho. impacted by the Mt St Helens eruption. KIRN, R. A.; LEDGERWOOD, R. D.; JENSEN, A. L., BIOLOGY · FAUNA · TERRESTRIAL 1986, Diet of subyearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Columbia River , A. B.; HINCKLEY, K. E.; HINZMAN, C.; estuary and changes effected by the 1980 eruption of LEFFLER, S. R., 1986, Recovery of small mammals in Mount St Helens. three habitats in the northwest sector of the Mount St. LANG, B. Z., 1982, Molluscan populations in a meadow Helens National Volcanic Monument. pond before and after Mount St Helensashfall [abstract). ADAMS, A. B.; LEFFLER, SANFORD, 1986, Insect LUCAS, R. E., 1986, Recovery of game fish populations recolonization of the northwest sector of the Mount SL impacted by the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St Helens blast zone. Helens. AKRE, R. D., 1980, Effects of volcanic ash on insects. MARTIN, D. J.; WASSERMAN, L. J.; JONES, R. P.; AKRE, R. D.; HANSEN, L. D.; REED, H. C., 1982, Effects SALO, E. 0., 1982, Effects of the eruption of Mount St of Mount SL Helens ash on hymenoptera [abstract]. Helens on salmon populations and habitat of the Toutle River. EDWARDS, J. S., 1986, Arthropods as pioneers­ Recolonization of the blast zone on Mt. St. Helens. 104 BIOLOGY- FAUNA-TERRESTRIAL •

EDWARDS, J. S.; CRAWFORD, R. L.; SUGG, P. M.; DALE, V. H., 1986, Plant recovery on the debris avalanche PETERSON. M. A., 1986, Arthropod recolonization in at Mount SL Helens. the blast zone of Mount SL Helens. DEL MORAL, ROGER, 1983, Initial recovery of subalpine HAYWARD, J. L .• JR, 1982, Effects of nest habitat, vegetation on Mount St Helens, Washington. behavior, and volcanic ash on reproductive success in DEL MORAL, ROGER; CLAMPITT. C. A., 1985, Growth ring-billed and California gulls. of native plant species on recent volcanic substrates from HAYWARD,J. L.,JR.; MILLER,D.E.; HU..L, C.R., 1982, Mount St. Helens. Volcanic ash fallout-Its impact on breeding gulls. DEL MORAL, ROGER; WOOD, D. M., 1986, Subalpine MERRILL, E. H.; RAEDEKE, J .; KNUTSON, K. L.; vegetation recovery five years after the Mount SL Helens TABER, R. D., 1986, Elle ~onization and population eruptions. dynamics in the northwest portion of the Mount SL FRENZEN, P. M; MEANS, J. E.; FRANKLIN, J. F.; Helens blast zone. KIILSGAARD, C. W.; MCKEE, W. A.; SWANSON, REES, J. R., 1982, Impacts of volcanic ash fall on waterfowl F. J .• 1986, Five years of plant succession on eleven production at Turnbull major surface types affected by the 1980 eruptions of [abstraet). Mount St Helens, Washington [abstract]. SCOTT, D.R., 1980, [Effects of volcanic ash on insects]. HARRIS, ELAINE, 1984, The effect of ashfall from the SUGG, P. M., 1986, Anhropod populations at Mount St May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St Helens on Helens-Survival and revival. cryptogams. U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT KIILSGAARD, C. W., 1983, Recovery of streamside AGENCY, 1980, Poultry-Bees-Livestock. riparian vegetation at Mount St. Helens [abstract]. U.S . FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT KIILSGAARD, C. W.; GREENE, S. E.; STAFFORD, S. G.; AGENCY. 1980, Volcanic ash could reduce insect MCKEE, W. A., 1986, Recovery of riparian vegetation populations ... temporarily. in the northeastern region of Mount St. Helens. KLOCK, G. 0 .• 1981, A first-year evalua~on of the erosion BIOLOGY • FLORA control seeding and fertilization near Mount St. Helens.

ADAMS, V. D.; ADAMS, A. B., 1982, Initial recovery of KLOCK, G. 0., 1982, Stabilizing ash-covered timberlands the vegetation on Mount St Helens. with erosion control seeding and fertilization. ANDERSEN, D. C.; MACMAHON, J. A., 1985, Plant LAWRENCE, D. B., 1939, Continuing research on the flora succession following the Mount St Helens volcanic of Mt. St. Helens. eruption-Facilitation by a burrowing rodent, MACK, R. N., 1981, Initial effects of ashfall from Mount Thomomys talpoides. St. Helens on vegetation in east.em Washington and BOSWORTH, D. A.; MCCABE, TIM, 1980, The regrowth adjacent Idaho. of Mount Saint Helens-Fighting the threat of erosion. MACMAHON,]. A., 1982, Mount St. Helens revisited. BRAATNE, J. H.; CHAPIN, D. M., 1986, Comparative MCKNIGHT, D. M.; FEDER, G. L.; STILES, E. A., 1981, water relations of four subalpine plants at Mount St Effects on a blue- alga of leachates of ash from the Helens. May 18 eruption. CARPENTER, S. E.; TRAPPE,J. M; HUNT, G. A., 1982, MCKNIGHT, D. M.; FEDER, G. L.; STILES, E. A., 1981, Observations on fungal succession on recent volcanic Toxicity of Mount St. Helens ash leachate to a blue-green deposits of Mount St. Helens [abstract). alga. CHAPIN,D. M.; BRAATNE,J.H., 1986,Nutrientrelations MCKNIGHT, D. M; FEDER, G. L.; STILES, E. A., 1981, of subalpine plants native to Mount St. Helens. Toxicity of volcanic-ash leachate to a blue-green COCHRAN, V. L.; BEZDICEK, D. F.; ELLIOTT, L. F.; alga-Results of a preliminary bioassay experimenL PAPENDICK, R. I., 1983, The effect of Mount St. MEANS, J. E.; MCKEE, W. A.; MOIR. W. H.; Helens' volcanic ash on plant growth and mineral FRANKLIN, J. F., 1982, Natural revegetation of the uptake. northeastern portion of the devastated area. CROSS, A. T.; TAGGART, R. E., 1986, Distribution of PARKER, R. A.; GADDY, A. J., 1983, Some effects of plant detritus in deposits of the May, 1980 eruption of volcanic ash on plankton productivity. Mt. St. Helens and possible correlatives in Miocene Succor Creek beds, Oregon and Idaho [abstract]. BIOLOGY - FLORA - FORESTRY 105

POTTMEYER, J. A., 1984, Toe effect of Mt St Helens RADWAN, M.A.; CAMPBELL, D. L., 1981, Mount St tephra on the water relations and growth of Verbascum Helens ash and mud~hemical properties and effects lhapsusL. on germination and establishment of trees and wildlife RAINIER NATIONAL BANK ECONOMICS browse plants. DEPARTMENT, 1980, Toe economic impact of the U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT eruptions of Mount St Helens on agriculture. AGENCY, 1980, Foodstuffs and volcanic ashfall. , KENELM, 1986, Revegetation trials in a Mount U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT St Helens eruption debris flow. AGENCY, 1980, Volcanic ash advice to growers. SIEGEL, B. Z.; SIEGEL, S. M., 1982, content of Equisetum plants around Mount SL Helens one year after BIOLOGY· FLORA · FORESTRY the major eruption. ANTOS, J. A.; ZOBEL, D. B., 1982, Snowpack modi· SIEGEL, S. M.; SIEGEL, B. Z., 1984, Regional differences fication of volcanic tephra effects on forest understory in plant-soil mercury relations in Equisetum, Plantago plantS near Mount St. Helens. and Taraxacum. FRENZEN, P. M.; FRANKLIN, J. F., 1985, Establishment SIEGEL, B. Z.; SIEGEL, S. M.; HORSKY, S. J., 1984, · of conifers from seed on tephra deposited by the 1980 Equisetum plants and the cycling of mercury at Mount eruptions of Mount St Helens, Washington. St Helens. LAWRENCE, D. B., 1938, Trees on the march. SWEDBERG, K. C., 1982,Effects of Mt St Helens' ash on MARTINSON, S. R., 1986, Differences in response to populations of winter annual plants (abstract].• volcanic ashfall among Douglas-fir seedlings at genetic SWEDBERG, K. C., 1986, Effects of Mount St. Helens ash test plantations in western Washington. on plant populations of shallow stony soils. PRUITT, J. R.; EDGREN, JIM; HAMNER, BOB; ZOBEL, D. B.; ANTOS, J. A., 1984, Recovery of HAUGEN, GORDON; · HOWES, S1EVE; understory plants buried for three growing seasons PATTERSON, PE1E; S1EWARD, JOHN; SWANK, beneath volcanic tephra (abstract]. JERRY, 1980, Mount St. Helens emergency watershed rehabilitation report BIOLOGY· FLORA · AGRICULTURE PRUITT, J. R.; EDGREN, JIM; HAMNER, BOB; BOYD, L. L., 1980,-Agricultural impacts discussion. HAUGEN, GORDON; HOWES, S1EVE; S1EWARD, JOHN; SWANK, JERRY, 1981, Mount St. Helens COOK, R. J., 1980, Influence of the eruption of Mt St Helens on wheat diseases. emergency watershed rehabilitation report-1981 follow-up. COOK, R. J.; BARRON, J. C.; PAPENDICK, R. I.; ST. HELENS FOREST LANDS RESEARCH WILLIAMS,G.J.,III, 1981,Impactonagriculrureofthe Mount St Helens eruptions. COOPERATIVE, 1980, Minutes of the Technical Needs Workshop, September 4 and 5, 1980, Tyee Motor Inn, GOUGH, L. P .; PEARD, J. L., 1982, Effect of ash on wheat Olympia, Washington. crops (abstract]. SLONIKER, E. V., 1986, Mount St Helens volcano GOUGH, L. P.; SEVERSON, R. C.; LICHTE, F. E.; reforestation-May 18, 1980 to present. PEARD, J. L.; TlrITLE, M. L.; PAPP, C. S. E.; SNELL,J. A. K.; MAX, T. A.; SNELLGROVE, T. A., 1982, HARMS, T. F.; SMITH, K. S., 1981, Ash-fall effects on Breakage of timber and quantity of woody material the chemistry of wheat and the Ritzville soil series, damaged by eruption of Mount St. Helens. eastern Washington. SNELLGROVE, T. A.; SNELL,J. A. K.; MAX, T.A., 1983, GOUGH, L. P.; SHAC.KLETTE, H. T.; PEARD, J. L.; Damage to national forest timber on Mount St. Helens. PAPP, C. S. E., 1986, Toe chemistry of fruits and vegetables., Valley, Washington, and the TUCKER, D. G., 1980, Forestry. influence of the 1980 Mount St Helens ash-fall episodes. WINJUM, J. K., 1980, Revegetation of forest lands LYONS, J. V ., 1986, Agricultural impact and adj us anent to devastated by the eruption of Mount St. Helens the Mount St. Helens ashfall-Search for analogs. (abstract]. NUTr, G. W., 1980, Agriculture. WINJUM, J. K., 1982, Mount St. Helens, 1980-The May eruptions and forest productivity (abstract]. WINJUM, J. K., 1986, The western blast zone of Mount St. Helens-Forest recovery after fivt years [abstract]. 106 BIOLOGY· FLORA • FORESTRY

WINJUM, J. K.; KEATLEY, J. E.; STEVENS, R. G.; RICE, ALAN, 1986, Quench supersaturation and volcanic GUTZWILER, J. R., 1986, Regenerating the blast zone eruptions [abstract]. of Mount St Helens. SISSON, T. W., 1982, Sedimentary characteristics of the WINNER, W. E.; CASADEVALL, T. J., 1981, Fir leaves airfall deposit produced by the major pyroclastic surge as thennometers during the May 18 eruption. of May 18, 1980 at Mount St Helens, Washington. WINNER, W. E.; CASADEV ALL , T. J ., 1983, The effects VORTMAN, L. J., 1980, Deduced physical characteristics of the Mount St. Helens eruption cloud on fir (Abies sp.) of th~ May 18, 1980, eruption [abstract]. needle cuticles-Analysis with scanning electron microscopy. BLAST · ACOUSTICS

BLAST BANISTER, J. R., 1980, Calculation of the Mount St. Helens pressure wave [abstract]. BOGOYA VLENSKAYA, G. E.; BRAITSEVA, 0. A.; BANISTER, J. R., 1984, Pressure wave generated by the ?vfELEKESTSEV,I. V.;KIRIYANOV, V. Y.:MILLER, Mount St Helens eruption. C. DAN, 1985, Catastrophic eruptions of the directed-blast type at Mount St Helens, Bezym~anny and BATH, MARKUS, 1982, Atmospheric waves from Mount Shiveluch volcanoes. St Helens. CRANDELL, D. R.; HOBLm, R. P., 1986, Lateral blasts BOLT,B.A.;TANIMOTO, TOSHIR0, 1981,Atrnospheric at Mount St. Helens and hazard zonation. oscillations after the May 18, 1980eruptionofMount St. Helens. EICHELBERGER, J. C.; HAYES, D. B., 1982, Magmatic model for the Mount St Helens blast of May 18, 1980. DEWEY. J.M., 1985, The propagation of sound from the eruption of Mt St. Helens on 18 May 1980. FISHER, R. V., 1986, Mt. St. Helens blast eruption. DONN, W. L.; BALACHANDRAN, N. K., 1981, Mount GLICKEN, H. X.; FISHER, R. V., 1984, Interaction St. Helens eruption of 18 May 1980-Air waves and between the rockslide-debris avalanche and the lateral explosive yield. · blast at Mount St Helens, Washington [abstract]. EISSLER, H. K.; KANAMORI, HIROO; HARKRIDER, HAMMOND, P. E., 1980, Mt. St Helens blasts 400 m off its peak. , 1983, Air waves excited by explosive volcanic eruptions [abstract]. · HA":(ES, D. B .; EICHELBERGER, J.C., 1981, Magmatic FAIRFIELD, C. M., 1980, OMSI Sound project-The model for the Mt. St Helens blast of May 18, 1980 [abstract]. acoustic effects of the Mount St Helens eruption on May 18, 1980. HICKSON,C.J.;BARNES, W. C., 1986, The directed blast FAIRFIELD, C. M, 1982, The acoustic effects of the at Mount St Helens, May 18, 1980-Surge or flow? eruption of Mount St Helens May 18, 1980. KIEFFER, S. W., 1980, The May 18 lateral ''blast" at Mt. KIEFFER, S. W., 1981, Mount St. Helens lateral St. Helens-Preliminary mapping of effects in the blast- Explanation of acoustic observations [abstract]. devastated area and a model for multiphase fluid flow [abstract]. KIEFFER, S. W., 1984, Acoustics of the May 18, 1980, lateral blast, Mount St. Helens [abstract]. KIEFFER, S. W., 1981, Blast dynamics at Mount St Helens on 18 May 1980. LAWSON, JIM, 1980, Oklahoma observations of effects of May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens. KIEFFER, S. W., 1981, The blast at Mount St Helens- What happened? MIKUMO, TAKESHI; BOLT, B. A., 1985, Excitation mechanism of atmospheric pressure waves from the KIEFFER, S. W., 1981,Fluid dynamics of the May 18 blast Mount St Helens eruption.* at Mount St Helens. OGAWA, TADAIDKO; KUMAGAI, HIROSHI; SINNO, KIEFFER, S. W., 1981, ThelateralblastofMay 18atMount KENJI, 1982, Ionospheric disturbances over Japan due St. Helens-What happened? (and, did it happen at to the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Bandai-san (1888), Lassen (1915), Bezymi.anny (1956), ... , or Fuji-yarn.a (1707)?) [abstract]. REED, J. W., 1980, Air pressure waves from Mt. St. Helens eruptions [abstract]. RICE, ALAN, 1985, The mechanism of the Mt St. Helens eruption and speculations regarding Soret effects in RITSEMA, A. R., 1980, Observations of Mount St Helens. planetary dynamics. RITSEMA, A. R., 1983, Atmospheric pressure wave of Mount St Helens eruption. CAVES 107

SAWADA, YOSHIHIRO; W AKUI, SENICHIRO; CASTLE CREEK KOMIY A, MANABU, 1982, Aunospheric pressure waves generated by the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount MCKNIGHT, D. M; KLEIN, J. M.; WISSMAR, R. C., St Helens. 1984, Changes in the organic material in lakes in the blast Blast • Biological effects, see BIOLOGY zone of Mount St Helens, Washington. MEYER, Wlll.IAM; SABOL, M. A.; GLICKEN, H. X.; Blast • Deposits, VOIGHT, BARRY, 1985, The effects of ground water, slope stability, and seismic hazard on the stability of the see South Fork Castle Creek blockage in the Mount St. Helens area, Washington.* MASS MOVEMENTS· AVALANCHES AND LANDSLIDES Castle Creek Lake, MASS MOVEMENTS· LAHARS AND MUDFLOWS see PYROCLASTIC FLOWS AND DEPOSITS LAKES · SOUTH FORK CASTLE CREEK BLAST · THERMAL SURVEYS LAKE BANKS, N. G.; CUITER, B. E., 1981, Temperature LAKES· WEST CASTLE CREEK LAKE estimates of the 1980 directed blast of Mount St Helens, CASTLE ROCK, WASH. Washington, U.S.A., from thermal effects on trees and buried wood [abstract]. PUBLIC WORKS, 1981, Submersible pumps help quell DAVIS,M.J.;GRAEBER,E.J.;HARRAH,L.A.;HAYES, damage from ML St Helens mud.flow. D. B., 1980, Temperature estimates of May 18 eruption CAVES of Mount St. Helens made from observations of material response [abstract]. BIRDSALL, MURA, 1980, Ape Cave. WINNER, W. E.; CASADEVALL, T. J., 1981, Fir leaves BLOCK, ED; BLOCK, KATHY, 1980, A post-eruptive trip as thermometers during the May 18 eruption. to Ape Cave and vicinity. Botany, see BIOLOGY· FAUNA , RONALD; HYDE, J. H., 1970, Lava tubes of Mount St Helens, Washington [abstract]. BULGE GREELEY, RONALD; HYDE, J. H., 1972, Lava tubes of the cave basalt, Mount St. Helens, Washington.* LIPMAN,P. W.; MOORE,J. G.;SWANSON,D.A., 1980, Bulging of the north flank of Mount St. Helens volcano HALLIDAY, W.R., 1963, Features and significance of the before the 5/18 eruption--Oeodetic data (abstract]. Mount Saint Helens cave area.• LIPMAN,P. W.; MOORE, J. G.; SWANSON, D. A., 1981, HALLIDAY, W. R., 1980, Initial 1980 post-eruption Bulging of the north flank before the May 18 eruption­ reconnaissance of the ML St Helens cave area. Geodetic data. HALLIDAY, W.R., 1980, The Mount St Helens cave area since the eruption-The first speleological visits. BULL RUN WATERSHED HALLIDAY, W. R., 1980, Mount SL Helens in the SHULTERS, M. V.; CLIFTON, D. G., 1980, Mount St. ash-June, 1980. Helens ash fall in the Bull Run watershed, Oregon, HALLIDAY, W. R., 1980, Post-eruptive mud.flow impact March-April 1980. on the Mount St. Helens caves, Washington. SHULTERS, M V.; CLIFTON, D. G., 1980, Mount St ·HALLIDAY, W.R., 1981, Additional speleological studies Helens ash fall in the Bull Run watershed, Oregon, at Mount St Helens, Washington, May 1981. May-June 1980. HALLIDAY, W.R., 1981, August 1981 Mount St Helens SHULTERS, M V.; CLIFTON, D. G., 1981, Mount St. cave studies. Helens volcanic-ash fall in the Bull Run watershed, HALLIDAY, W. R., 1981, Further observations of the Oregon, March-June 1980.• effects of post-eruption phenomena on caves of Mount Bumping Lake, see LAKES · BUMPING LAKE St. Helens, Washington. HALLIDAY, W.R., 1981, Further studies in the Mount St. Carbon dating, see GEOCHRONOLOGY Helens caves-March 7 and 8, 1981. 108 CAVES

HALLIDAY, W.R., 1981, lrnpactof 1980eruptions on the SCHMINKY, H.B., 1955, Trip to Lewis River and the lava Mount St Helens caves. tunnel.* HALLIDAY, W. R., 1981, Impact of post-eruptive SENGER, C. M.. 1980, Observations on the cave basalt lava mudflows on caves of the Cave Basalt Lava Flow. Mount flow, Mt St Helens, 23-24 August 1980. St Helens, Washington [abstract). SENGER, C. M., 1982, Mount St Helens wanderings. HALLIDAY, W.R., 1981, The 1980eruptionsofMountSt. U.S. FOREST SERVICE GIFFORD PINCHOT Helens-Spelean effects. NATIONAL FOREST, [1979), A guide to the Mt St HALLIDAY, W.R., 1981,NovemberatMtStHelens. Helens lava caves area. HALLIDAY, W.R., 1981, November 1981 at Mount St Channel morphology, see RIVER Helens. MORPHOLOGY HALLIDAY, W. R., 1981, St Helens-Observations January 10-11. CHRONOLOGY AND HISTORY BEFORE 1980 HALLIDAY, W.R., 1982, Caves of Mount St Helens and see also GEOCHRONOLOGY the impacts of the 1980 eruptions [abstract).• HALLIDAY, W. ·R.. 1982, Impact of posteruption BUZZErn, BEATRlCE. 1980, Historical and legendary mudflows on the caves of the Cave Basalt Lava Flow of infonnation on the Mount St Helens area. Mount St. Helens. COOMBS, H. A., 1960, Catalogue of the active volcanoes HALLIDAY, W. R., 1982, Mount St Helens, October and solfawa fields of the ofAmerica-Mt 1982.* St Helens. HALLIDAY, W.R., 1982, Mount St Helens update. CRANDELL, D.R., 1981,Pre-1980 eruptions~fMountSt. HALLIDAY, W.R., 1982, Recent studies on Mt St Helens. Helens, Washington [abstract). HALLIDAY, W. R., 1982, Risk assessment and risk DILLER, J. S., 1899, Latest volcanic eruptions on the acceptance on the Cave Basalt Lava Flow, Mount St. Pacific coast Helens, Washington. DRYER, T. J ., 1980, First ascent of Mount St Helens-The . HAI.LIDAY, W. R., 1983, Ape Cave and the Mount St Dryer Party of 1853 . ·· Helens apes. FOLSOM, M. M., 1970, Volcanic eruptions-The HALLIDAY, W. R., 1983, Buried glacial ice and other Pioneers' attitudeonthePacificcoastfrom 1800to 1875. complexities found in the Spirit Lake pseudokarst, HARRIS, S. L., 1980, Fire and ice-The Cascade Mount St Helens, Washington.* volcanoes; revised edition.• HALLIDAY, W. R .• 1983, Funher observations on the HARRIS, S. L., 1986, The other Cascade volcanoes­ Spirit Lake pseudokarst * Historic eruptions at Mount St. Helens' sister peaks. HALLIDAY, W. R., 1983, Mount St. Helens HOBLITT, R. P.; CRANDELL, D.R.; MULLINEAUX, D. caves-December 5, 1982. R .• 1980, Mount St Helens eruptive behavior during the HALLIDAY, W.R., 1983,Pseudokarstin the May 18, 1980, past 1,500 yr. debris/pyroclastic flow of Mount St. Helens, HOPSON, C. A., 1971, Eruptive sequence at Mount St Washington-Initial reconnaissances [abstract). Helens, Washington [abstract). HALLIDAY, W.R., 1983, Report of the NSS Mount St HOPSON,C.A.;MELSON, W.G., 1980,MountSt.Helens Helens conservation task force for 1982. eruptive cycles since 100 A.D. [abstract). HALLIDAY, W.R., 1986, Caves and other pseudokarstic HOPSON, C. A.; MELSON, W. G., 1984, Eruption cycles features of Mount St Helens-1980-1985 observations. and plug-domes at Mount St Helens [abstract). HYDE, J. H.; GREELEY, RONALD, 1971, Phreatic HYDE, J. H.; CRANDELL, D.R., 1972, Potential volcanic explosion in a lava tube [abstract). hazards near Mount St Helens in southwestern HYDE, J. H.; GREELEY, RONALD, 1973, Geological Washington [abstract). field trip guide, Mount St Helens lava tubes, JILLSON, W.R.. 1917, The volcanic activity of Mount St Washington. Helens and Mount Hood in historical time. MAZAMA, 1903, The lava caves of St Helens. KIVER, E. P., 1982, The Cascade volcanoes~omparison MCLELLAN, P. M., 1952, Mount St Helens cave. of geologic and historic records. CHRONOLOGY OF THE 1980 ERUPTION ACTWITY 109

LAURENCE, HERBERT, 1954, Geological history of CUMMANS, JOHN, 1981, Chronology of mudflows in the Mount St. Helens. South Fork and North Fork Toutle River following the MAJORS, H. M., 1980, Mount St Helens series.* May 18 eruption. MAJORS, H. M; MCCOLLUM, R. C., EDITORS, 1981, FOXWORTifY, B. L.; Hll..L, MARY, 1982, Volcanic Mount St. Helens-The 1831 and 1835 eruptions. eruptions of 1980 at Mount St Helens-The first 100 days. MAJORS, RM.; MCCOLLUM, R. C., EDITORS, 1981, Mount SL Helens-The 1844-1857 eruptions. HAMMOND, P. E., 1980, Mount Saint Helens box score-20 March to 20 April, 1980. MULLINEAUX, D. R.; CRANDELL, D. R., 1981, The eruptive history of Mount St. Helens. HAMMOND, P. E., 1980, Mount Saint Helens box score-20 April to 19 May, 1980. MULLINEAUX, D.R.; HOBLITT, R. P.; CRANDELL, D. R., 1982, Studies of prehistoric activity [abstract]. HAMMOND, P. E., 1980, Mt St. Helens update from Portland State University, Portland, Oregon. NELSON, C. M, 1980, Mt. St Helens before May 18. KELSO, LINDA; SHANGLE, R. D., 1980, Volcaner-First SCHMINKY, , 1954, Records of eruptions of Mount St. Helens. seventy days, M~unt St. Helens, 1980. KOROSEC, M.A., 1980, Mount SL Helens, May 18-19, STRONG, EMORY, 1969, Early accounts of the eruption of Mt St Helens. 1980-A scenario. KOROSEC, M.A.; RIGBY, J. G.; STOFFEL, K. L., 1980, SWANSON, D. A., 1982, Volcanic studies in the , 1879-1979. The 1980 eruption of Mount St Helens, Washington; Part 1, March 20-May 19, 1980. CHRONOLOGY OF THE 1980 ERUPTION MOORE,J.G.;RICE,C.J., 1981,Chronologyandcharacter ACTIVITY of ML SL Helens explosive eruptive phase of May 18, 1980 [abstract]. , H.K.; CLINE, SCOTT; KOLER, J. M, 1981, On the mountain's brink-A Forest Service history of the MOORE, J. G .; RICE, C.J., 1984, Chronology and character 1980 Mount St Hele_ns volcanic emergency. of the May 18, 1980, explosive eruptions of Mount St. Helens. BOGOYA VLENSK.AY A, G. E.; BRAITSEVA, 0. A.: ·· PETERSON, D. W., 1981, An overview ofactivity at Mount MELEKESTSEV, I. V.; KIRIY ANOV, V. Y .; MILLER, C. DAN, 1985, Catastrophic eruptions of the St Helens, Washington, since May 1980 [abstract]. directed-blast type at Mount St. Helens, Bezymianny and PETERSON,D:w., 1986,MountSt.Helensandthescience Shiveluch volcanoes. of volcanology-A five year perspective. BURGER, R. W.; LANGSTON, C. A., 1985, Source PETERSON, D. W., 1986, Summary of Mt St. Helens mechanism of the May 18, 1980, Mount St Helens activity, 1980-1986. eruption from regional surface waves. RIGBY, J. G.; KOROSEC, M. A., 1980, Sequence of CHRISTIANSEN, R. L., 1980, The 1980 eruption of Mt St volcanic activity of Mount St. Helens, March 20-J une 23, Helens- A summary of events and scientific findings 1980. [abstract]. RONNHOLM, KEITH, 1981, Photographic documentation CHRISTIANSEN, R. L.; PETERSON, D. W., 1981, oftheeruptionofMt. St Helens, 8:32am, May 18, 1980 Chronology of the 1980 activity of Mount St Helens, [abstract]. Washington [abstract].* S:MITHSONIAN INSTITIJ110N SCIENTIFIC EVENT CHRISTIANSEN, R. L.; PETERSON; D. W., 1981, ALERT NETWORK, 1980-1986, Mt St. Helens Chronology of the 1980 eruptive activity. volcano. CHRISTIANSEN, R. L.; PETERSON, D. W., 1981, The TILLING,R. I., 1984, Eruptions of Mount St Helens-Past, 1980-81 activity and some results of monitoring and present, and future. research at Mount St Helens, U.S.A. [abstract]. TUREKIAN, K. K., 1982, The use of natural radionuclides CRISWELL, C. W., 1983, Chronology, morphology and as chronometers of volcanic processes-The ML St. stratigraphy of pumiceous pyroclastic-flow deposits Helens experiment [abstract]. (ignimbrite) from Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 1980, Eruptions of Mount [abstract]. St. Helens volcaner-The first month. 110 CHRONOLOGY OF THE 1980 ERUPTION ACTIVITY

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 1980, Volcano log­ Mount St. Helens 1980. CLIMATIC EFFECTS OF VOLCANIC ASH VOIGHT, BARRY, 1981, Time scale for the first moments ACKERMAN, M.; LIPPENS, C., 1982, Forward scattering of the May 18 eruption. and backscattering of solar radiation by the stratospheric WHITMER, J. H., 1981, Mount St Helens diary-March limb after Mount St Helens eruption. 27 to June 14, 1980. ACKERMAN, M.; LIPPENS, C.; LECHEVALLIER, M., WILCOX, R. E., 1980, Events preceding and during the 1980, Enhancement of forward and scattering of May 18, 1980 major eruption of Mount Saint Helens solar radiation by the stratospheric limb after Mt. St volcano [abstract). Helens eruption [abstract). , W. J., 1981, Mount St Helens-A review. Clays, see VOLCANIC ASH - l\.11NERALOGY CHENG, R. J., 1982, The mechanisms of fine particles CLEARWATER CREEK generation and electrification during Mount St Helens volcanic eruption. LISLE, T. E.; LEHRE, A. MARTINSON, H. A.; K.; CHUNG, Y.-S.; GALLANT, A. J.; FANAKI, FOUAD; MEYER, D. F.; NOLAN, M.; SMITII, R. D., 1983, K. MILLAN, M. M, 1981, On the observations of Mount Stream channel adjustments after the 1980 Mount St. St. Helens volcanic emissions; research note. Helens eruptions. CRITCHFIELD, H.J., 1982, Mount St Helens and climatic MARTINSON, H.A.;FINNERAN,S.D.;TOPINKA,L.J., change.* 1984, Changes in channel geomorphology of six eruption-affected tributaries of the Lewis River, CRITCHFIELD, H.J., 1982, Problems in the climatology 1980-82, Mount St Helens, Washington. of the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruptions. MARTINSON, H. A.; HAMMOND, H. E.; MAST, W.W.; DEEPAK, ADARSH, EDITOR, 1982, Atmospheric effects MANGO, P. D., 1986, Channel geometry and hydrologic and potential climatic impact of the 1980 eruptions of data for six eruption-affected tributaries of the Lewis Mount St. Helens. River, Mount St Helens, Washington, water years DELUISI, J. J.; MENDONCA, B. G.; DUTTON, E. G.; 1983-84. BOX, M. A.; HERMAN, B. M., 1983, Radiative properties of the stratospheric dust cloud from the May CLIMATIC EFFECTS 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens. , R. Y.; DEAN, W. E.; NUHFER, E. B.; EDMAN, D. A.; SELIN, RICHARD, 1981, A note on the GARDNER, J. V., 1984, Limits of sensitivity in Mt Saint Helens volcanic eruption. Holocene climatic records from western FARMER. JUDITH; HARRIS, JULIE; . CARSON, [abstract). RICHARD, 1980, Mt St Helens vol~ic weatherbook. · DIEHL, K. M., 1982, Keine Klimaaenderung durch FINK, J. H.; KRINSLEY, D. H.; GREELEY, RONALD, St-Helens-Ausbruch [No climatic variations due to the 1980, Explosive volcanism-A possible source for eruption of Mount St Helens). aggregate formation on [abstract]. FARMER, JUDITH; HARRIS, JULIE; CARSON, GADIAN, A. M.; , D.R., 1981, A mathematical RICHARD, 1980, Mt St Helens volcanic weatherbook. climate study on the effect of dust from the Mount St KERR, R. A., 1981, Mount St Helens and a climate Helens volcano eruption. quandary. GOAD, J. H., JR .• 1982, Atmospheric depolarization ratio MASS, CLIFFORD; ROBOCK, ALAN, 1982, The decay after the eruption of Mount St. Helens [abstract]. short-term influence of the Mount St Helens volcanic HIRONO, M.; FUJIWARA, M.; SHIBATA, T.; eruption on surface temperature in the northwest United KUGUMIY A. N .• 1981, Lidar observations of volcanic States. clouds in the stratosphere over Fukuoka, caused by ROBOCK, ALAN, 1981, The Mount St Helens volcanic eruptions of Mt St. Helens in May 1980. eruption of 18 May 1980--Minimal climatic effect HIRONO, M.; FUJIWARA, M.; SHIBATA, T.; ROBOCK, ALAN; MASS, CLIFFORD, 1982, The Mount KUGUMIYA, N., 1984, Lidar observations of St Helens volcanic eruption of 18 May 1980--Large atmospheric aerosols following the 1980 eruption of Mt. short-term surface temperature effects. St Helens; Part I. TOON, 0. B., 1982, Volcanoes and climate. Coldwater Lake 111

HOFMANN, D. J.; ROSEN, J.M., 1982, Balloon-borne QUINN, R.R., 1982, Variations in aunospheric circulation, observations of stratospheric aerosol and condensation Mount St Helens eruptions, 1980. nuclei during the year following the Mt St Helens QUINN, R. R., 1986, Mount St Helens ashfall and eruption. mesoscale climatic changes. HOFMANN, D. J.; ROSEN, J. M, 1982, Lidar and REITER, R.; JAEGER, H.; CARNUTH, W.; FUNK, W., balloon-borne particle councer comparisons following 1980, Lidar observations of the Mount St Helens the eruptions of Mt St Helens and Alaid [abstract). eruption clouds over mid-Europe, May to July 1980. HOWARD, R. G., 1981, Attenuation of terrestrial solar ROGERS, C. F.; HUDSON, J. G.; KOCMOND, W. C., radiation by the eruption of Mt St Helens. 1981, Measurements of cloud condensation nuclei in the IWASAKA, YASUNOBU; HAYASHIDA, SACHIKO, stratosphere around the plume of Mount St. Helens. 1981, The effects of the volcanic eruption of St Helens ROSE, W. I., JR.; HOFFMAN, MF., 1982, The May 18, on the polarization properties of stratospheric aerosols; 1980, eruption of Mount St Helens-The nature of the Lldar measurement at Nagoya. eruption, with an atmospheric perspective. KONDO, Y.; REITER, R.; JAEGER, H.; TAKAGI, M., ROSE, W. I., JR.; WUNDERMAN, R. L.; HOFFMAN, M. 1982, The effect of the Mt St Helens eruption on F.; , LISA, 1983, A volcanologist's review of tropospheric and stratospheric ions. atmospheric hazards of volcanic activity-Fuego and LA VER, J. D., 1982, Distribution of Mount St. Helens dust Mount St Helens. inferred from sacellices and meteorological data. ROSEN, J. M.; HOFMANN, D. J., 1981, A comparison of LEWIS, W. J., JR.; GRANT, M C., 1981, Effect of the the stratospheric aerosol effects of the volcanic eruptions May-June Mount St Helens eruptions on precipitation of Alaid in 1981, Mt St Helens in 1980 and Fuego in chemistry in central . 1974 [abstract). LEZBERG, E. A.; OTI'ERSON, D. A.; ROBERTS, W. K.; RY2NAR, EDWARD; WEBER, M. R.; HALLERON, T. PAPATHAKOS, L. C., 1982, Aircraft sampling of the S.; 1982, Effects of the Mount St Helens volcanic cloud sulfate layer near the ti'opopause following the eruption on turbidity at Ann Arbor, Michigan. of Mount St Helens. SCHNELL, R. C.; PUESCHEL, R. F.; WELLMAN, D. L., MCCORMICK, MP., 1981, Monitoring Mount St Helens. 1982, Ice nucleus characteristics of Mount St Helens MICHALSKY,J. J.; KLECKNER, E.W.; , G. M, effluents. 1982, Mount St Helens related aerosol properties from SEAR, C. B.; KELLY, P. M., 1980, Eruption of Mt. St solar extinction measurements. Helens-Effects on climate. NEWELL, R. E., 1983, Workshop on Mount St Helens SMITH, W. K., 1980, A plotting program for producing eruptions of 1980-Atmospheric effects and pocential ashfall prediction maps from output of the NOAA climatic impact. forecast trajectory program-Application to and NEWELL, R. E.; DEEP AK, ADARSH, EDITORS, 1982, examples from the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruptions. Mount St Helens eruptions of 1980-Atmospheric TAYLOR, B. L., 1981, Mount St. Helens and climate effects and potential climatic impact; A workshop report. change. PHELAN, J.M., 1983, Volcanoes as a source of volatile COLDWATER CREEK trace elements in the aunosphere.* , J. B .• 1980, Climatic impact of the volcanic FISHER, R. V., 1982, May 18, 1980 blast pyroclastic flow plumes of Mt St Helens [abstract). deposits, Mount St Helens, Washington [abstract). POSEY, CARL, 1980, Down to St Helens inferno. PEREIRA, W. E.; ROSTAD, C. E.; TAYLOR, H. E.; PUESCHEL, R. F.; BARRETT, E.W.; PARUNGO, F. P.; KLEIN, J. M., 1980, Characterization of organic WELLMAN, D. L.; NAGAMOTO, C. T., 1980,Phreatic contaminants in environmental samples associated with effluents of Mt. St Helens volcano-No detectable Mount St Helens, 1980 volcanL eruption. effects on cloud microstructure [abstract). SMITH, W. K.; SCHUSTER, R. L.; SABOL, M.A., 1984, PUESCHEL, R. F.; BARRETT, E. W.; STEARNS, L. S.; Stabilizing natural dams formed by the 1980 debris WELLMAN, D. L., 1981, Physical and optical/ avalanche on Mount St Helens [abstract). radiational properties of Mt St. Helens volcanic eruption Coldwater Lake, see LAKES - COLDWATER [abstract). LAKE 112 COLUMBIA RIVER - BIOLOGY

WASHINGTON DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND COLUMBIA RIVER - BIOLOGY EARTH RESOURCES, 1981, River cleanup continues.

see also LIMNOLOGY COLUMBIA RIVER - LAHARS, MUD FLOWS AND STREAM SEDIMENTS CAlv1PBELL, K. P.; JOHNSON, S. R.; WOLNIAKOWSKI, K. U., 1982, A pilot study of BAKER, E.T.; FEELY, R. A.; CURL, H. C., JR., 1981, potential phenolic contamination of fishes in the Effect of Mount St Helens volcanic activity on the Columbia River and tributaries in the vicinity of Mount turbidity of the Columbia River plume [abstract). SL Helens; final report. BRADLEY,J.B., 1984, Transitionofameanderingriverto FREY, B. E.; LARA-LARA, J. R.; SMALL, L. F., 1983, a braided system due to ·high sediment concentration Reduced rates of primary production in the Columbia flows. River estuary following the eruption Mt Saint Helens on HAENI, F. P., 1982, Disposition of mudslide materials from 18 May 1980. Mount St Helens [abstract). KENT, DA VE, 1980, Columbia River estuary. HAENI, F. P., 1983, Sediment deposition in the Columbia KIRN, R. A.; LEDGERWOOD, R. D.; JENSEN, A. L., and Lower Cowlitz Rivers, Washington-Oregon, caused 1986, Diet of subyearling Chinook salmon by the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount SL Helens. (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Columbia River HUBBELL, D. W.; LAENEN, J.M.; MCKENZIE, S. W., estuary and changes effected by the 1980 eruption of 1983, Characteristics of Columbia River sediment Mount SL Helens. following the eruption of Mount St Helens on May 18, RIEDEL, G. R.; WILSON, S. L.; HOLTON. R. L., 1984, 1980. Trace metals in the Columbia River estuary following LA WYER, D.R., 1980, Navigation and flooding. the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. MOORE, P.A.; REESE, J. R., 1982. Sediment physical and COLUMBIA RIVER - ENGINEE~G chemical analyses on the Cowlitz and Columbia River GEOLOGY subsequent to the.18 May 1980 Mt St Helens eruption. ORWIG, C. E., 1981, Utilizing the National Weather DUDLEY, HARRY, 1980, Marine activity. Service's dynamic wave model on the lower Columbia K.RESCH, D. L.; LAENEN, ANTONIDS, 1984, River during the Mount Saint Helens event (abstract]. Preliminary estimate of possible flood elevations in the RAINIER NATIONAL BANK ECONOMICS Columbia River at Trojan Nuclear Power Plant due to DEPARTMENT, 1980, The economic impact of the failure of debris dam blocking Spirit Lake, Washington. eruptions ofMount St Helens, "The Columbia River and LA WYER, D. E., 1980, Corps of Engineers response to the related waterways". eruption of Mt SL Helens. RIEDEL, G. R.; WILSON, S. L.; HOLTON, R. L., 1984, LA WYER, D. E., 1980, Navigation and flooding. Trace metals in the Columbia River estuary following RAlNIER NATIONAL BANK ECONOMICS DEPART the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St Helens. MENT, 1980, The economic impact of the eruptions of SLOTTA, L. S.; COBOS, C.R.; MUSTAIN, R. S., 1983, Mount St Helens, "The Columbia River and related Shoaling of Pon of Astoria, Oregon, by sediment from waterways". ML St Helens eruption.* SIKONIA, W. G., 1985, Impact on the Columbia River of an outburst of Spirit Lake. Cowlitz Co. SLOTTA, L. S.; COBOS, C.R.; MUSTAIN, R. S., 1984, Note: The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens impacted Shoaling of Pon of Astoria, Oregon, by sediment from much of Cowlitz County. Sec specific aspects, e.g. ML St Helens eruption [abstract). U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, COMMITI'EE ON HYDROLOGY CHANNEL STABII..IZn.TION, 1985, Columbia­ MASS MOVEMENTS - AVALANCHES AND Cowlitz-Toutle Rivers, Washington, restoration LANDSLIDES subsequent to Mt St Helens eruption. MASSMOVEMENTS-LAHARSAND U.S. CONGRESS, HOUSE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC MUDFLOWS WORKS AND TRANSPORTATION, 1985, Motmt SL VOLCANIC ASH - DISTRIBUTION Helens sediment control, Washington (Toutle, Cowlitz, and Columbia Rivers). COWLITZ RIVER • LAHARS, MUD FLOWS AND STREAM SEDIMENTS 113

COWLITZ RIVER· BIOLOGY PUBLIC WORKS, 1981, Submersible pumps help quell damage from Mt. St. Helens mudflow. see also LIMNOLOGY U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, COM:MITIEE ON CHANNEL STABILIZATION, 1985, Columbia­ PHINNEY, D. E., 1980, Observations on the effects of the Cowlitz-Toutle Rivers, Washington, restoration ML SL Helens eruption on salmon populations and subsequent to Mt St Helens eruption. salmon culture facilities. U.S. CONGRESS, HOUSE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC STOBER, Q. J.; ROSS, B. D.; ?v!ELBY, C. L.; DINNEL, P. WORKS AND TRANSPORTATION, 1985, Mount St. A.; JAGIELO, T. H.; SALO, E. 0., 1982, Effect of Helens sediment control, Washington (Tootle, Cowlitz, suspended volcanic sediment on coho and Chinook and Columbia Rivers). salmon in the Toutle and Cowlitz Rivers. WASHINGTON DMSION OF GEOLOGY AND COWLITZ RIVER · ENGINEERING GEOLOGY EARTH RESOURCES, 1981, River cleanup continues.

BRADLEY,J. B.; SIMPSON,D.P.; TEMKO,H.M., 1982, COWLITZ RIVER· GUIDEBOOKS Es.timates of Cowlitz-Toutle River system sedimen­ FRITZ, W. J.; FISK, L. H.; HARRISON, SYLVIA, 1982, tation. Mount St Helens road log-A visit to the lower Toutle BROWN, B. J.; THOMAS, W. A., 1982, Numerical model and Cowlitz River drainages to observe the of sediment movement Cowlitz-Toutle Rivers, sedimentology, transported trees, and other effects of Washington. mud.flows resulting from the eruptions of May 18, 1980, BROWN, B. J.; THOMAS, W. A., 1983, ML St. Helens and March 19, 1982. impact on Cowlitz River sedimentation. TILFORD, NORMAN; KENT, RICHARD, 1981, Mount COPLEN, L. E., 1981, A Mt. St Helens story-The St Helens and the geology of Lewis and Toutle Rivers. aftermath at Longview. COWLITZ RIVER· HYDROLOGY DUNNE, THOMAS; LEOPOLD, L.B., 1981, Flood and sedimentation hazards in the Toutle and Cowlitz River COWLITZCOUNTYDEPARTMENTOFCOMMUNITY system as a result of the Mt St Helens eruption. DEVELOPMENT, 1983, Toutle-Cowlitz watershed FAIRCHILD, L. H.; DUNNE, THOMAS, 1981, Prediction management plan. of future mudflow hazard on the Toutle and Cowlitz ERICKSON, KAROL; LETIENMAIER, D. P.; BURGES, Rivers, Washington [abstract]. S.J., 1980, Assessmentofrunoffresponsechanges in the JENNINGS, M. E.; SCHNEIDER, V. R.; SMITH, P. E., upper Cowlitz River basin related to Mount St Helens 1981, Computer assessments of potential flood hazards ash deposition [abstract]. from breaching of two debris dams, Toutle River and HINDIN.ERVIN, 1983, Occurrence of organic compounds Cowlitz River systems. · in water and stream sediments due to the Mt St Helens JENNINGS, M. E.; SCHNEIDER, V. R.; SMITH, P. E., eruptions. 1981, Emergency assessment of Mount St Helens MOORE, P. A.; REESE, J. R., 1982, Sediment physical and post-eruption flood hazards, Toutle and Cowlitz Rivers, chemical analyses on the Cowlitz and Columbia River Washington. subsequent to the 18 May 1980 Mt St Helens eruption. LA WYER, D. E., 1980, Corps of Engineers response to the VANON! , V. A., 1982, Comments on sedimentation eruption of Mt St. Helens. problems resulting from the eruption of Mt. St Helens. LAWYER, D. E., 1980, Navigation and flooding. COWLITZ RIVER· LAHARS, MUD FLOWS LETIENMAIER, D. P.; BURGES, S. J., 1981, Estimation AND STREAM SEDIMENTS of flood frequency changes in the Toutle and Cowlitz River basins following the eruption of Mt St Helens. BETHEL, J.P., 1981, Volcanic mud.flow deposits in the LO!vIBARD, R. E., 1986, Channel geometry, flood Cowlitz River valley, Wru.,1ington [abstract]. elevations, and flood maps, lower Toutle and Cowlitz BRADLEY, J. B., 1981, Mt St Helens sediment Rivers, Washington, June 1980 to May 1981. transport- The first year [abstract]. ORWIG, C. E.; MATIIlSON, J. M., 1982, Forecasting BRADLEY, J. B., 1982, Cowlitz River basin sediment considerations in Mount Saint Helens affected rivers. yields [abstract]. 114 cowun RIVER - LAHARS. MUD FLOWS AND STREAM SEDIMENTS

BRADLEY,]. B., 1984, Transitionofameanderingriverto LOMBARD, R. E.; MILES, M. B.; NELSON, L. M.; a braided system due to high sediment concentration KRESCH, D. L.; CARPENTER, P. J., 1981, Channel flows. conditions in the Lower Toutle and Cowlitz Rivers BRADLEY, J. B.; GRAHAM, J. D., 1983, Effects of high resulting from the mud.flows of May 18, 1980. sediment concentrations on bedfonns and river LOMBARD, R. E.; MILES, M. B.; NELSON, L. M.; hydraulics [abstract]. KRESCH, D. L.; CARPENTER, P. J., 1981, The impact BRADLEY, J. B.; SIMPSON, D. P.; BURCH, B. H.; of mud.flows of May 18 on the lower Toutle and Cowlitz COLLISTER, J. L., 1982, Physi~al properties of Mt. St. Rivers. Helens mud.flow and sediment deposits. MARTINSON, H. A.; MEYER, D. F.; JANDA, R. J ., 1982, BRADLEY, J.B.; SIMPSON, D. P .; TEMKO, H. M., 1982, Storm-induced changes in channel morphology of Estimates of Cowlitz-Toutle River system sedimen­ mudflow-impacted streams [abstract]. tation. MOORE, P.A.; REESE, J. R., 1982, Sediment physical and BROWN, B. J.; THOMAS, W. A., 1982,Numerical model chemical analyses on the Cowlitz and Columbia River of sediment movement Cowlitz-Toutle Rivers, subsequent to the 18 May 1980 Mt St. Helens eruption. Washington. PHINNEY, D. E., 1980, Observations on the effects of the BROWN, B. J.; THOMAS, W. A., 1983, Mt. St. Helens Mt. St. Helens eruption on salmon populations and impact on Cowlitz River sedimentation. salmon culture facilities. CUMMANS, JOHN, 1981, Mud.flows resulting from the PUBLIC WORKS, 1981, Submersible pumps help quell May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St Helens, damage from ML St. Helens mud.flow. Washington.* SCOTT, K. M., 1984, Flow transformations and texrural DINEHART, R. L., 1983, Patterns of sediment variation in lahars at Mount St Helens, Washington concentration in hyperconcentrated flows at Mount St [abstract). Helens, Washington [abstract).* U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, COMMITTEE ON DUNNE, THOMAS; LEOPOLD, L. B., 1981, Flood and CHANNEL. STABILIZATION, 1985, Columbia­ sedimentation hazards in the Toutle and Cowlitz River Cowlitz-Toutle Rivers, Washington, restoration system as a result of the Mt St Helens eruption. subsequent to Mt SL Helens eruption. FAIRCHILD,L. H.; DUNNE, THOMAS, 1981,Prediction U.S. CONGRESS, HOUSE COMMrITEE ON PUBLIC of future mud.flow hazard on the Toutle and Cowlitz WORKS AND TRANSPORTATION, 1985, Mount St. Rivers, Washington [abstract). Helens sediment control, Washington (foutle, Cowlitz, and Columbia Rivers). FRITZ, W. J.; FISK, L. H.; HARRISON, SYLVIA, 1982, Mount St. Helens road log-A visit to the lower Toutle VANONI, V. A., 1982, Comments on sedimentation and Cowlitz River drainages to observe the sedimen­ problems resulting from the eruption of Mt St. Helens. tology, transported trees, and other effects of mud.flows resulting from the eruptions of May 18, 1980, and March COWLITZ RIVER · PLANNING AND 19, 1982. EMERGENCY RESPONSE

HAENI, F. P., 1982, Disposition of mudslide materials from COWLITZCOUNTYDEPARTMENTOFCOMMUNITY Mount St Helens [abstract]. DEVELOPMENT, 1983, Toutle-Cowlitz watershed HAENI, F. P., 1983, Sediment deposition in the Columbia management plan. and Lower Cowlitz Rivers, Washington-Oregon, caused WARREN, G. H.; KAUFMAN, D. E.; HAMMOND, K. A., by the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens. 1982, Come hell and high water-Mt. St. Helens and I.he HINDIN, ERVIN, 1983, Occurrence of organic compounds federal response on the lower Cowlitz River. in water and stream sediments due to the Mt. St Helens eruptions. COWLITZ RIVER - RIVER MORPHOLOGY LA WYER, D. E., 1980, Navigation and flooding. see also RIVER MORPHOLOGY LOMBARD, R. E., 1982, Sediment deposition in the Cowlitz River. BRADLEY,J. B., 1984, Transition of a meandering river to a braided system due to high sediment concentration flows. DEBRIS DAMS 115

BRADLEY, J.B.; GRAHAM. J. D., 1983, Effects of high ITO, YOSHIRO; KAWAKAMI, CHIKATAKA; SAITO, sediment concenttations on bedfonns and river TERUO; ICHIKAWA, KO; HOSAKA, TETSUYA; hydraulics [absttact). HIRINCHS, CLANCY, 1981, Temperature of crater of MARTINSON,H.A.;MEYER,D.F.;JANDA,R.J.,1982, Mount St. Helens on the 28th of July, 1980. Stonn-induced changes in channel morphology of JOHNSON, D. J., 1982, Gravity changes in the crater of mudflow-impacted streams. [absttact). Mount SL Helens, Washington, April-September, 1982 [abstract]. CRAB CREEK MOORE, J. G.; LIPMAN, P. W.; SWANSON, D. A.; DATIA. BITHIN; LETI'ENMAIER, D. P.; BURGES, ALPHA, T. R., 1981, Growth of lava domes in the crater, S. J ., 1983, Assessment of changes in stonn and seasonal June 1980-January 1981. runoff response of watersheds impacted by Mt SL TOWLE, J. N., 1983, VLF electromagnetic investigations Helens ash deposition. of the crater and central dome of Mount SL Helens, Washington. CRATER Dams, see DEBRIS DAMS see also DOME Dating, see GEOCHRONOLOGY ALPHA, T. R.; MOORE, J. G.; MORLEY, J.M.; JONES, D. R., 1981, Physiographic diagrams of Mount SL Davis Lake, see LAKES • DA VIS LAKE Helens, Washington, showing changes in its summit crater, summer 1980. DEBRIS DAMS ALPHA. T. R.; MORLEY, J.M.; MYERS, BOBBIE; BISSELL, V.C.;HUTCHEON,R.J., 1984,Forecastingand LEIGHLEY, T. A., 1982, Physiographic diagrams of warning for Mt SL Helens streams. Mount St Helens, Washington showing ch~ges in its GLICKEN, H. X.; MEYER, Wil..LIAM; CARPENTER, summit crater, 1981. P. J.; SABOL, M A.; SWIFT, C. H., ill; KRESCH. D. ALPHA. T. R.; MYERS, BOBBIE, 1985, Physiographic L., 1983, Acrual and potential volcanic lake breakouts at diagrams of MoWlt St Helens, Washington showing Mount St Helens, Washington [absttact]. · changes in its summit crater, 1983. HOLZER, T. L., 1986, Spirit Lake hazard evaluation. ALPHA. T. R.; MYERS, BOBBIE, 1986, Physiographic JENNINGS, ME.; SCHNEIDER, V. R.; SWTH, P. E., diagrams of Mount SL Helens, Washington, showing 1981, Computer assessments of potential flood hazards changes in its summit crater, 1984. from breaching of two debris dams, Toutle River and ANDERSON, L. A.; JOHNSON, D. J.; DZURISIN, Cowlitz River systems. DANIEL, 1983, Self-potential and VLF electromagnetic JENNINGS, M. E.; SCHNEIDER, V. R.; SWTH, P. E., surveys at Mount St. Helens, Washington [absttact). 1981, Emergency assessment of Mount St Helens BEACH. G. L., 1985, Morphologic evolution of the Mount post-eruption flood hazards, Toutle and Cowlitz Rivers, SL Helens crater area, Washington. Washington. CHADWICK, W. W., JR.; SWANSON, D. A.; JENNINGS, M. E.; SCHNEIDER, V. R.; SMITH, P. E., 1WATSUBO, E. Y .; HELIKER, C. C., 1982, Defonna­ 1984, Mount SL Helens posteruption flood hazards tion of the crater floor at Mount SL Helens [absttact]. [abstract]. DZURISIN, DANIEL; CASADEVALL, T. J., 1981, JONES, BRONWEN, 1985, Tunnelling in North America's Morphologic evolution of the 18 May 1980 crater at volcanic zone. Mount SL Helens. KRESCH, D. L., 1985, Spirit Lake dam-failure flood DZURISIN, DANIEL; WESTPHAL,J. A.;JOHNSON, D. routing assessment J., 1982, Automatic tilt measurements in the crater at KRESCH. D. L.; LA.ENEN, ANTONIUS, 1984, Mount St Helens, Washington [absttact). Preliminary estimate of possible flood elevations in the EVANS, W. C.; BANKS, N. G.; WHITE, L. D., 1981, Columbia River at Trojan Nuclear Power Plant due to Analyses of gas samples from the summit crater. failure of debris dam blocking Spirit Lake, Washington. HOPSON, C. A.; MELSON, W.. G., 1982, Sttatigraphy of LARSON, D. W.; U'REN, S. C., 1982, Effects of debris Mount St. Helens 1980 crater walls [abstract]. retaining structures on water quality of the Toutle River, Washington. 116 DEBRIS DAMS

MEYER, WILLIAM; CARPENTER, P. J., 1983, Filling of Disaster planning, Spirit Lake, Washingt0n, May 18, 1980, to July 31, 1982. MEYER, WILLIAM; SABOL, M A.; GLICKEN, H. X.; see VOIGIIT, BARRY, 1985,The effects of ground water, slope stability, and seismic hazard on the stability of the EMERGENCY RESPONSE GEOLOGIC HAZARDS South Fork Castle Creek blockage in the Mount St. Helens area, Washington.• PLANNING MEYER, Wll.LIAM; SABOL, MA.; SCHUSTER, R. L., DOME 1986, Landslide dammed lakes at Mount St Helens, CRATER Washingt0n. see also

PARSONS, M. R.; BEACH, G. L.; KEENAN, B. L.; ANDERSON, L. A.; JOHNSON, D. J.; DZURISIN, ROSENFELD, C. L., 1983, Drainage development in the DANIEL, 1983, Self-potential and VLF electromagnetic lahar blockage area, Mt. St Helens, Washington surveys at Mount St. Helens, Washington [abstract). [abstract). ANDERSON, S. W.; FINK, J. H., 1986, Rate-dependent RYAN,P.J.;ELDER, R. A.; GARDINER,S.R. M., 1984, formation of textures in the Mount St. Helens lava dome Prediction of dam ovenopping due to mudflows. [abstract]. SAGER, J. W.; CHAMBERS, D.R., 1986, Design and BIRNIE, R. W.; HOLCOMB, R. T.; SWANSON, D. A.; construction of the Spirit Lake outlet tunnel, Mount St , I. M, 1983, Infrared thermal survey of the lava Helens, Washington. dome, Mt. St. Helens [abstract]. SCHNEIDER, V. R.; JENNINGS, M. E., 1980, Flood BRANTLEY, STEVEN, 1986, Two dome-building hazard assessments-Mt St Helens [abstract). episodes at Mount St Helens in 1984 and 1985 and their SCHUSTER, R. L., 1985, Landslide dams in the western accompanying seismicity. United States. BRAN11..EY, STEVEN; TOPINKA, L. J., EDITORS, S:MITH. W. K.; SCHUSTER, R. L.; SABOL, M.A., 1984, 1984, Volcanic studies at the U.S. Geological Survey's Stabilizing natural dams formed by the 1980 debris David A. Johnston Cascades Volcano Observatory, avalanche on Mount St Helens [abstract). Vancouver, Washington. · STOCKTON, S. L., 1982, Design and performance of CASHMAN, K. V.; MARSH, B. D., 1984, Crystal-size sediment stabilization projects on the Toutle River spectra and kinetics of crystal growth in magma-II. following the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mt St. Helens. Application [abstract). SWIFT, C.H., ill; KRESCH, D. L., 1983, Mudflow hazards CASHMAN, K. V.; TAGGART,J.E.,JR., 1983, Petrologic along the Toutle and Cowlitz Rivers from a hypothetical monitoring of 1981 and 1982 eruptive products from failure of Spirit Lake blockage. Mount St Helens. U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, 1984, Alternative DZURISIN, DANIEL, 1986, Recent eruptive activity, strategies for a permanent outlet for Spirit Lake near monitoring results and geophysical studies at Mount St. Mount St Helens, Washington; final environmental Helens, Washington [abstract). impact statement DZURISIN, DANIEL; DENLINGER, R. P., 1986, WASHINGTON DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND Systematic changes in magnetic field intensity over the EARTH RESOURCES, 1981, River cleanup continues. growing lava dome at Mount St. Helens [abstract). WILSON, R. C., 1981, Interactions between ground motion FINK, J. H.; POLLARD, D. D.; DONNELLY-NOLAN, J., and ground failure. 1982, Structural relationships among feeder dikes, silicic YOUD, T. L., 1983, Liquefaction investigations. domes and ground cracks in the Medicine Lake highland and Mount St Helens volcanoes [abstract]. YOUD, T. L.; WILSON, R. C., 1980, Stability of Toutle River blockage-Mt St Helens hazards investigations. FRIEDMAN, J. D., 1982, Energy of domal evolution at Mount St Helens, June 1980 through May· 18, 1982 YOUD, T. L.; WILSON, R. C.; SCHUSTER, R. L., 1981, [abstract]. Stability of blockage in North Fork Toutle River. FRIEDMAN,J.D.;FRANK,D.G.;KIEFFER,H.H.,1980, Dendrochr onology, see GEOCHRONOLOGY Infrared surveys of emerging dacite dome, Mount St Helens volcano, Washington, during June 1980 [abstract]. EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMOLOGY {GENERAL WORKS] 117

FRIEDMAN, J. D.; OLHOEFI', G. R.; JOHNSON, G. R.; FRANK, D. G., 1980, Heat content and thermal energy DREDGING equivalent of the June 1980 dacite dome at Mount St BROWN, B. J.; THOMAS, W. A., 1982, Numerical model Helens, Washington [abstract]. of sediment movement Cowlitz-Toutle Rivers, FRIEDMAN, J. D.; OLHOEFT, G. R.; JOHNSON, G. R.; Washington. FRANK, D. G., 1981, Heat content and thermal energy DUDLEY, HARRY, 1980, Marine activity. of the June dacite dome in relation to total energy yield, May-October 1980. LA WYER, D. E., 1980, Corps of Engineers response to the eruption of Mt. St. Helens. HOLCOMB,R. T., 1984,GrowthofthelavadomeatMount St Helens since 1980 [abstract]. LA WYER, D. E., 1980, Navigation and flooding. IRVING,A.J.;RHODES,J. M.;SPARKS,J. W., 1980,ML LOMBARD, R. E., 1986, Channel geometry, flood SL Helens lava dome, pyroclastic flow and ash elevations, and flood maps, lower Toutle and Cowlitz samples-Major and trace element chemistry [abstract]. Rivers, Washington, June 1980 to May 1981. MOORE, J. G.; LIPMAN, P. W.; SWANSON, D. A.; PUBLIC WORKS, 1981, Submersible pumps help quell ALPHA, T. R., 1981, Growth of lava domes in the crater, damage from Mt. St Helens mudflow. June 1980-January 1981. RAYNOR, J.M., 1981, Mount St. Helens-One year later. MURASE, TSUTOMU; MCBIRNEY, A. R.; MELSON, STOCKTON, S. L., 1982, Design and performance of W. G ., 1985, Viscosity of the dome of Mount SL Helens. sediment stabilization projects on the Toutle River NEWHAll, C. G.; :MELSON, W. G., 1983, Explosive following the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens. activity associated with the growth of volcanic domes. U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, CO.M11ITIEE ON OLHOEFT,G.R.;REYNOLDS,R.L.;FRIEDMAN,J. D.; CHANNEL STABILIZATION, 1985, Columbia­ JOHNSON, G. R.; HUNT, G. R., 1981, Physical Cowlitz-Toutle Rivers, Washington, restoration properties of the June 1980 dacite dome. subsequent to Mt St Helens eruption. PAINE, J. G., 1982, Crustal structure ofvolcanic arcs.based U.S. ARMY' CORPS OF ENGINEERS, PORTLAND on physical properties of andesites, volcaniclastic rocks, DISTRICT, 1984, Mount St. Helens, Washington aad inclusions in the ML SL Helens lava dome: feasibility report and environmental impact statement, final; Volume 1, report. . RAEDEKE, L. D.; MATIIEZ, E. A.; IRVING, A. J., 1980, Mt. SL Helens lava dome-Petrography and mineral U.S. CONGRESS, HOUSE COMMITIEE ON PUBLIC chemistry [abstract]. WORKS AND TRANSPORTATION, 1985, Mount St. Helens sediment control, Washington (Toutle, Cowlitz, SWANSON, D. A., 1985, Graben formation, thrust faulting, and Columbia Rivers). and growth of the dacice dome, Mount St Helens, Washington, May-June 1985 [abstract]. WASHINGTON . DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES, 1981, River cleanup continues. SWANSON, D. A., 1986,Predicting dome growth at ML SL Helens using non-seismic techniques. EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMOLOGY SWANSON, D. A.; CHADWICK, W. W., JR.; [GENERAL WORKS] IWATSUBO, E. Y.; HELIKER, C. C., 1982, Endog­ onous growth of the Mount SL Helens dacite dome CROSSON, R. S., 1981, Earthquake hazard evaluation in [abstract]. the Pacific Northwest. SWANSON, D. A.; HOLCOMB, R. T., 1985, Regularities POLLARD, D. D., 1984, Volcanic tremor and hydrothermal in the growth of Mount St Helens' dome [abstract]. wedging [abstract). TAZIEFF, H., 1982, Domes de magma et domes de laves WEAVER, C. S.; SMITH, S. W., 1981, The St. Helens (Magma domes and lava domes]. seismic zone-A major crustal fault zone in western Washington [abstract]. TOWLE, J. N., 1983, VLF electromagnetic investigations of the crater and central dome of Mount St Helens, WEAVER, C. S.; SMITH, S. W., 1983, Regional tectonic Washington. and earthquake hazard implications of a crustal fault zone in southwestern Washington. U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 1983, Pelean spine at Mount St Helens. 118 EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMOLOGY (BEFORE 1980)

FEHL.ER, M. C., 1981, Spectral properties of pre-eruption EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMOLOGY (BEFORE earthquakes occurring at Mt. St. Helens volcano 1980) [abstract]. GRANT, W. C.; WEAVER, C. S., 1986, Earthquakes near FEHLER. M. C., 1983, Joint detennination of epicencers at Swift Reservoir, Washington, 1958-1963-Seismicicy Mount St. Helens [abstract]. along the southern St Helens Seismic Zone. FEHLER, M C., 1983, Observations of volcanic tremor at , FRANK. 1961, New analytical methods Mount St. Helens volcano.• reveal the pattern of seismic activity in western FERRICK, M. G.; ST. LAWRENCE, W. F., 1984, Washington. Comment on "Observations of volcanic tremor at Mount UNGER. J. D.; MILLS, K. F., 1973, Earthquakes near St Helens volcano" by Michael Fehler. Mount St Helens, Washington. HOFSTETTER, ABRAHA.ivI, 1984, Observations of WEAVER, C. S., 1976, Seismic events on Cascade volcanic tremor at Mt St Helens in April and May volcanoes.* 1980.* WEAVER, C. S.; MALONE, S. D., 1974, Glacier sources HOFSTETTER, ABRAHAM; MALONE, S. D., 1986, for low frequency seismic events recorded at Mount SL Observations of volcanic tremor at Mount St. Helens in Helens, volcano [abstract]. April and May 1980. WEAVER, C. S.; MALONE, S. D., 1975, Preliminary KANAMORI,HIROO;GIVEN,J. W., 1981,Mechanismof repon-Seismic sources observed in glacier ice at Mt Mt St Helens eruption determined from long-period SL Helens. Washingron [abstract]. surface waves [abstract]. WEAVER, C. S.; MALONE, S. D., 1976, Mt Saint Helens KANAMORI, HIROO; GIVE.l'\f, J. W., 1982, Analysis of seismic events-Volcanic earthquakes or glacial long-period seismic waves excited by the May 18, 1980 noises? eruption of Mount St. Helens-A terrestrial mono­ WEAVER, C. S.; MALONE, S. D.; SMITH, S. W., 1974, pole? Anomalous seismic events on Cascade volcanoes KANAMORI, HIROO; GIVEN, J. W., 1983, Lamb pulse [abstract]. observed in nature.* KANAMORI, HIROO; GIVEN, J. W.; LAY, THORNE, EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMOLOGY (1980) 1984, Analysis of seismic body waves excited by the BURGER, R. W.; LANGSTON, C. A., 1985, Source Mount St. Helens eruption of May 18, 1980. mechanism of the May 18, 1980, Mount St Helens KERR,R. A., 1981,MountSt Helens-Volcanoes, quakes, eruption from regional surface waves.• and the connectedness of things. CROSSON,R.S.;ENDO,E.T.;MALONE,S.D.;NOSON, LAWSON, JIM, 1980, Oklahoma observations of effects of L. J.; WEAVER, C. S., 1980, Eruption of Mount St May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens. Helens-Seismology. MALONE, S. D., 1982, The Mount St. Helens ENDO, E.T.; MALONE, S. D.; NOSON, L. L.; WEAVER, eruptions-Seismic monitoring for eruption prediction. C. S., 1981, Locations, magnitudes, and statistics of the MALONE, S. D., 1983, Volcanic earthquakes-Examples March 30-May 18 earthquake sequence. from Mount St Helens. ENDO, E.T.; MALONE, S. D.; NOSON, L. L.; WEAVER, MALONE, S. D.; ENDO, E.T.; WEAVER, C. S .• 1980, C. S., 1981, Seismicicy of Mt. SL Helens 1980 to 1981 Seismicicy associated with the 1980 eruptions of Mounc [abstract]. Saint Helens [abstract]. ENDO, E. T.; WEAVER, C. S.; MALONE, S. D.; MALONE, S. D.; ENDO, E.T.; WEA VER, C. S.; RAN!EY. lVIICHAELSON, C. A., 1980, Coda magnirudes of J. W., 1981, Seismic monitoring for eruption prediction. earthquakes associated with the 1980 eruptions of Mount Saint Helens [abstract]. MALONE, S. D.; QAMAR, AN1T!ONY, 1984, Repetitive microearthquakes as the source for volcanic tremor at FAIRCHILD, L. H., 1984, Initiation of the North Fork Mount St Helens [abstract]. Toutle River lahar by liquefaction of debris avalanche deposits during the May 18, 1980 Mt SL Helens eruption MALONE, S. D.; WEAVER, C. S.; E.J.'IDO. E.T.• 1981, [abstract]. Seismic details of the May 18, 1980 cat.aclysmic eruption of Mount St Helens [abstract]. EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMOLOGY (POST 1980) 119

~ MALONE, S. D.; WEAVER, C. S.; ENDO, E.T.; NOSON, ZOLLWEG,J. E.; JONIENTZ-TRISLER, CHRIS, 1984, A L. L., 1981, Seismic precursors to the eruptions ofMoum swarm of deep earthquakes at Mt. St. Helens, St. Helens [abstract]. Washington, prior to the eruption of 18 May 1980 MCNUTI, S. R.; BEAVAN, R. J., 1984, PatJerns of [abstract]. earthquakes and the effect of solid earth and ocean load EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMOLOGY (POST tides at Mount St. Helens prior to the May 18, 1980, 1980) eruption. NASSAU, K., 1981, Plates, quakes, volcanoes, and Mt. St. AMICK,D. C.; SNIDER,F. G., 1985,Seismicity associated Helens-Part II, Eanhquakes and related phenomena. with reservoirs impounded near Mount St Helens NOSON, L. L.; MALONE, S. D.; ENDO, E.T.; WEAVER, [abstract]. C. S., 1981, Seismicity preceding the May 18 eruption BAME, D. A., 1984, A source model for low frequency of Mt. St. Helens [abstract]. volcanic earthquakes. QAMAR, ANTHONY;RATHBUN,ANNE; LUDWIN, BAME, D. A.; CROSSON, R. S., 1984, A study of volcanic RUTii; CROSSON, R. S.; MALONE, S. D., 1986, earthquakes in the Cascade Range of Washingt0n Earthquake hypocenters in Washington and northern [abstract]. Oregon-1980. BEAULIEU, J. D.; PE1ERSON, N. V., 1981, Seismic and QAMAR, ANTHONY; ST. LAWRENCE, W. F.; MOORE, volcanic hazard evaluation of the Mount St. Helens area, J. N.; KENDRICK, GEORGE, 1981, Earthquakes and Washington relative to the Trojan Nuclear Site, ash eruptions at Mt. St. Helens [abstract]. Oregon.* QAMAR, ANTHONY; ST. LAWRENCE, W. F.; MOORE, BRANTLEY, S1EVEN, 1986, Two dome-building J. N.; KENDRICK, GEORGE, 1983, Seismic signals episodes at Mount St Helens in 1984 and 1985 and their preceding the explosive eruption of Mount St Helens, accompanying seismicity. Washington, on 18 May 1980. CROSSON, R. S.; BAME, D. A., 1985, A spherical source SHEMETA, J. E.; WEAVER, C. S., 1986, Seismicity model for low frequency volcanic earthquakes. accompanying the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. CROSSON, R. S.; MALONE, S. D., 1984, Seismic hazard Helens, Washington. investigations in the Pacific Northwest. SHEMETA, J.E.; WEAVER, C. S.; GRANT, W. C., 1984, ENDO, E.T.; MALONE, S. D.; NOS ON, L. L.; WEA VER, Details of the May 18, 1980 post-eruption seismicity at C. S., 1981, Seismicity of ML SL Helens 1980 to 1981 Mount St Helens, Washington [abstract]. [abstract]. TOKAREV, P. I., 1985, The prediction of large explosions FEHLER, M. C., 1985, Locations and spectral properties of of andesitic volcanoes. earthquakes accompanying an eruption of Mount St. WEA VER, C. S., 1982, Tectonic influence on 1980 activity Helens. [abstract]. FEHLER, M. C.; CHOUET, , 1982, Operation WEAVER, C. S., 1986, Geothennal seismotectonic ofa digital seismic network on Mount St Helens volcano studies.* and observations of long period seismic events Lhat WEAVER, C. S.; ENDO, E. T.; MALONE, S. D., 1981, originate under the volcano.* Seismic evidence for fault dominated magma transport FREMONT, M. J.; MALONE, S. D., 1985, High precision at Mount St Helens, Washington [abstract]. relative locations of earthquakes at Mount St. Helens, WEA VER, C. S.; ENDO, E.T.; MALONE, S. D.; NOSON, Washington [abstract]. L. L., 1981, Predicting Mt St Helens eruptions GRANT, W. C.; WEAVER, C. S., 1981, Post-eruption [abstract]. earthquake swarms at Mount St. Helens, Washington WEAVER,C.S.;GRANT, W. C.;MALONE,S.D.;ENDO, [abstract]. E. T., 1981, Post-May 18 seismicity-Volcanic and GRANT, W. C.; WEAVER, C. S.; ZOLLWEG, J.E., 1984, tectonic implications. The 14 February 1981 Elk Lake, Washington, WEA VER, C. S.; MALONE, S. D.; ENDO, E.T.; NOSON, earthquake sequence. L. J ., 1980, Seismicity pattern of the Mount Saint Helens HOLZER, T. L., 1986, Spirit Lake hazard evaluation. eruptive sequence [abstract]. K.ERR,R.A., 1981,MountSt Helcns-Volcanoes,quakes, and the connectedness of things. 120 EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMOLOGY (POST 1980)

MALONE, S. D., 1982, The Mount SL Helens DOUGLAS, JOHN, 1981, Mount Saint Helens-The eruptions-Seismic monitoring for eruption prediction. ecology of a holocaust. MALONE, S. D., 1983, Volcanic earthquakes-Examples ENGIBOUS, J.C.; BUSTAD, L. K.; KENNEDY, R. A.; from Mount St. Helens. KLOCK, G. O.; KLOSTERMEYER, E. C.; PRESTON, MALONE, S. D.; BOYKO, CHRISTINA, 1983, Volcanic R. P., 1982, Impact of Mount St. Helens eruption on earthquakes, and the precursors to the 1981 eruptions of ecosystems. Mount St Helens [abstract).• FRANKLIN,J.F.;MACMAHON,J.A.;SWANSON,F.J.; MALONE, S. D.; BOYKO, CHRISTINA; WEA VER, C. S., SEDELL, J. R., 1985, Ecosystem responses to the 1983, Seismic precursors to the Mount St. Helens eruption of Mount St. Helens. eruptions in 1981 and 1982. FRANZ, E. H., 1986, Dynamic model of the volcanic MALONE, S. D.; PAVLIS, G. L., 1983, Velocity structure landscape-Rationale and relationships to the theory of and relocation of earthquakes at Mount St Helens disrurbance. [abstract). MACMAHON, J. A., 1982, Mount St. Helens revisited. MALONE, S. D.; QAMAR, ANTHONY, 1984, Repetitive PARDO, RICHARD, 1980, Rehabilitating St. Helens. microearthquakes as the source for volcanic tremor at WASHINGTON STATE GAME DEPARTMENT, 1981, Mount St Helens [abstract). Mount St. Helens blast zone-Land management MCCLURG, D. C.; MALONE, S. D., 1986, Coda-Q at Mt. recommendations. St. Helens [abstract). ECONOMIC EFFECTS NOW ACK, ROBERT; AKI, KEIITI, 1982, The Gaussian beam synthetic seismogram for 2-D inhomogeneous BURKET, S. D.; FURLOW, E. P.; GOLDING, P. R.; media-Testing and application [abstract). GRANT, L. C.; LIPOVSKY, W. A.; LOPP, T. G., 1980, NOWACK, ROBERT; AKI, KEIITI, 1984, The The economic effects of the eruption of Mt. St. Helens. two-dimensional Gaussian beam synthetic method­ DEACON, R. J.; REILLY, T. K.; THOMS, R. E., 1980, Testing and application. Preliminary field report of destruction caused by Mt St. ROHAY, A. C., 1981, P-wave residuals at Cascade Helen's eruption [abstract). volcanoes-Baker, Rainier and St Helens [abstract). DILLMAN, J. J.; ROBERTS, M. L., 1982, The impact of WEAVER, C. S., 1986, Geothermal seismotectonic the May 18 Mount St. Helens ashfall-Eastern studies.* Washington residents report on housing-related damage WEAVER, C. S.; ENDO, E. T.; MALONE, S. D., 1981, and cleanup. Seismic evidence for fault dominated magma transpon DILLMAN, R. D.; HINKLE, R. E.; KERR, R. L., 1981, at Mount St Helens, Washington [abstract]. High-altitude radar assessment of the damage caused by WEAVER,C.S.;GRANT, W.C., 1984,Seismicfaultzones the volcanic eruption of Mount St. Helens. beneath Mount St Helens, Washington [abstract). HALLAG AN, WILLIAM, 1982, Cost function estimates of WEA VER, C. S.; SMITH, S. W., 1983, Regional tectonic ash clean-up [abstract). and earthquake hazard implications of a crustal fault HINKLE,R. E.; PRILL,J. C.;PRUITT, J. R., 1981, Mount zone in southwestern Washington. St Helens quick response damage assessment using WEA VER,C. S.;ZOLLWEG,J.E.;MALONE,S.D., 1983, high-altitude infrared photography. Deep earthquakes beneath Mount St Helens-Evidence KIENLE, C. F., 1982, Impacts of the Mount St. Helens for magmatic gas 1ransport?* eruption on industry. YOUD, T. L., 1983, Liquefaction investigations. MACCREADY, J. S., 1982, Some economic consequences of the eruptions. ECOLOGY MCLUCAS, G. B., 1980, Cleanup and disposal of Mount ADAMS, A. B.; , J. R.; JONES, J. T.; St. Helens ash in eastern Washington. MCELROY, W. K., 1986, Plant ecosystem resilience MCLUCAS, G. B., 1981,MountSL Helens ash-Properties following the 1980 eruptions of Mount St Helens, and possible uses [abstract). WashingtOn. MOEN, W. S.; MCLUCAS, G. B., 1981, Mount St. Helens BROWN, TONY, 1986, Life on a blasted island. ash-Properties and possible uses. EMERGENCY RESPONSE 121

MOEN, W. S.; MCLUCAS, G. B., 1982,MountSt. Helens WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND ash, some properties and possible uses. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, 1961, The case for MUNRO, STERLING, 1980, Electric power. manufacturing expanded shale lightweight aggregate from Washington resources. NEWHALL, C. G., 1984, Semiquantitative assessment of changing volcanic risk at Mount St Helens, Washington. WHEELER, CHRIS, 1980, Oregon. RAINIER NATIONAL BANK ECONOMICS Economic geology, see MINERAL RESOURCES DEPARTMENT, 1980, The economic impact of the eruptioas of Mount St. Helens-Conclusion. Electrical surveys, see GEOPHYSICS - RAINIER NATIONAL BANK ECONOMlCS ELECTRICAL SURVEYS DEPARTMENT, 1980, The economic impact of the Elk Lake area, see MOUNT ST. HELENS eruptions of Mount St. Helens- Local government SEISMIC ZONE finances. RAINIER NATIONAL BANK ECONOMICS EMERGENCY RESPONSE DEPARTMENT, 1980, The economic impact of the eruptions of Mount St. Helens on agriculture. Note: Describes plans or actions to deal with potential or existant problems from eruption activity. RAINIER NATIONAL BANK ECONOMlCS DEPARTMENT, 1980, The economic impact of the see also eruptions of Mount St. Helens on tourism. COWLITZ RIVER - PLANNING AND RAINIER NATIONAL BANK ECONOMICS EMERGENCY RESPONSE DEPARTMENT, 1980, The economic impact of the GEOLOGIC HAZARDS eruptions of Mount St Helens, "The Columbia River and PLANNING related waterways". · · TOUTLE RIVER SYSTEM - PLANNING AND RAINIER NATIONAL BANK ECONOMlCS EMERGENCY RESPONSE DEPARTMENT, 1980, The economic implications of the eruption of Mount St. Helens. ALLEN, J.E., 1982, Scientific access to Mount St Helens, SCHUSTER, R. L., 1983, Engineering aspects of the 1980 1980 [abstract]. Mount St Helens eruptions. , AUSTEN, RUTH; KERR, J. W., 1986, Long Valley, SHOREY, E. F.; ROTH, L. H.; RIBJK, R. W., 1983, Mount California-The Mount St Helens legacy. St. Helens ash-Suitability for use as engineered fill.* BARNES, REY, 1986, Broadcasting in the public U.S . CONGRESS, SENATE CO:MMrITE.E ON necessity-Mount St. Helens 1980. APPROPRIATIONS, 1980, Disaster assistance Pacific BENTLEY, F. G., COMPILER, 1984, The mitigation of Northwest-Moun; Saint Helens eruption; hearing ashfall damage to public facilities-Lessons learned before the Committee on Appropriations. from the 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens, U.S. CONGRESS, SENATE COMMITTEE ON Washington. COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION, BOYD, L. L., 1980, Washington State University College 1980, Mount St. Helens impact. of Agriculture facilities and faculty expertise. U.S. FEDERAL E1.1ERGENCY MANAGEMENT BROWN, J. J., 1982, Role of the U.S. Forest Service at AGENCY, 1980, Economic factors. Mount St. Helens. U.S. FEDERAL E1.1ERGENCY MANAGE1.1ENT BROWN, W. L., 1980, A perspective on disaster-related AGENCY, 1980, Insurance concerns. research. U.S. GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE, 1982, Federal BROWN, W. L., 1982, Areas of controversy. involvement in the Mount St Helens disaster-Past CHANEY. NEALE, I 980, Emergency measures. expenditures and future needs; Repon to the Congress of the United States by lhe Comptroller General. COLLIER, C. R.; MCGAVOCK, E. H.; 1.1EYER, WILLIAM, 1980, Hydrologic surveillance and U.S. INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION, 1980, investigation in Mt St. Helens area by Water Resources The economic effects of the eruptions of Mt St. Helens. Division, U.S. Geological Survey [abstract]. , ALEX, MODERATOR, 1982, Panel discussion II-Emergency problems following the eruption. 122 EMERGENCY RESPONSE

CURL, H. C., JR., 1980, Downstream fisheries. MAY. P. J ., 1984, Recovering from catastrophe-Mount St. Helens and federal disaster relief policy. DUDLEY, HARRY, 1980, Marine activity. MILLER, C. D.; CRANDELL, D.R.; MULLINEAUX, D. DURKIN, TERRY, 1980, Downstream fisheries. R., 1984, Recommendations for volcanic-hazards EDMONDSON, B. L., 1982, Impact of the eruptions on city assessments and land-use planning based on U.S. government. Geological Survey experiences during the 1980 EV ANS, DALE, 1980, Downstream fisheries. eruptions of Mount St. Helens, State of Washington, GEISSLER, ERNEST, 1986, Inter-agency cooperation in a U.S.A. major emergency-Mount St. Helens, 1980 [abstract). MONT AGUE, JOHN, 1986, Mount St. Helens-Invaluable lessons in disaster planning, preparedness and resource GORDON, MEL, 1980, Concluding remarks. allocation [abstract). GORDON, MEL, 1980, Opening remarks. MULLINEAUX, D.R., 1982, U.S. Geological Survey role GORDON.MEL; ,GEORGE,CHAIRMEN, at Mount St Helens before and during early 1980, The effects of the Mount St. Helens eruption on 1980-Geologic studies and coordination with public water resources-A forum held June 12, 1980. agencies. HALL, C. W., 1980, Capabilities for volcanic-ash related MUNRO, STERLING, 1980, Electric power. research. NELSON, LES, 1982, Local government's experience at HALLAUER, W. G., 1980, Washington. Mount St. Helens. HARRISON, R. D., 1982, Soil Conservation Service NIELSON, LYMAN, 1980, Water quality and municipal involvement in Mount St. Helens and impacted areas. water supply. HINKLE, R. E.; EAV, B. B.; PRILL, J.C.; JOHNSON, T. PETERSON, D. W., 1981, The role of the U.S. Geological E.; DILLMAN, R. D., 1980, Mount St. Helens quick .. Survey at Mount St. Helens [abstract). response damage assessment-Final report. PETERSON, D. W., 1982, Operations of the U.S. HULL, A. N., 1980, Atmospheric events. Geological Survey at Mount St Helens. HULL, A. N., 1982, Mount St Helens-Hydrologic PETERSON, D. W ., 1986, Mount St. Helens and the science response by the National Weather Service and of volcanology-A five year perspective. subsequent aftereffects (abstract). PREUSSER, H. L. R., 1985, Der Ausbruch des Mount St KARTEZ, J. D., 1962, Emergency planning implications of Helens 1980-Administrative Reaktionen und ihre local governments' adaptive response to Mount St. raeumlichen Auswirklungen [The 1980 eruption of Helens.* Mount St. Helens-Administrative reactions and their KARTEZ,J. D.; KELLEY, W.J. (BILL), 1982,Emergency areal effect]. planning and the adaptive local response to Mount St. PROCTOR, GEORGE, 1980, Introductory remarks. Helens' eruption [abstract). PRUITT, J. R.; EDGREN, JIM; HAMNER, BOB; KELLEY, W. J.; KARTEZ, J. D., 1986, Social response HAUGEN, GORDON; HOWES, STEVE; demands-Implications for disaster preparedness PATTERSON, PETE; STEWARD, JOHN; SWANK, [abstract). JERRY, 1980, Mount St. Helens emergency watershed KENT, DAVE, 1980, Columbia River estuary. rehabilitation report. KERR, J. W., 1980, Emergency measures. REED, S. W., 1980, Idaho. KERR, J. W., 1980, Mount St Helens, May 18th, ROWLEY, P. D.; HAIT, M. H .• JR.; RUSSELL­ 1980-Leaming the bard way. ROBINSON, S. L.; BUCHANAN-BANKS, J. M.; KERR, J. W., 1981, Mount St Helens report-Emergency CASHMAN, K. V., 1986, The role of the U.S. Geological Survey in providing infonnation to news measures taken to meet crisis. media about the 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens. LANGRAN, KENNETH; TERJCH, THOMAS, 1982, SAARINEN, T. F.; SELL, J. L., 1985, Warning and Government response to the Mount St Helens response to the Mount St. Helens eruption. disaster-A swdy of perceptions and attinides in the Longview-Kelso and Yakima areas. ST. HELENS FOREST LAND RESEARCH LAWYER, D. E., 1980, Navigation and flooding. COOPERATIVE, 1982, Research associated with Mt. St. Helens and the volcanic eruptions of 1980. LODATO. PAUL, 1980, Mount St. Helens-A different disaster. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENTS 123

ST. HELENS FOREST LAND RESEARCH HYDROLOGY-IMPACTSOFTHE COOPERATIVE, 1983, Scientific research associated ERUPTIONS ON WATER QUALITY with Mount St. Helens as ofJune 1983. TOUTLE RIVER SYSTEM - ENGINEERING SCHEUNEMANN, A. C., 1980, Report to the Washingt0n GEOLOGY State University Conference on the Aftermath of Mt. St. TUNNELS Helens. VOLCANIC ASH - ENGINEERING ASPECTS SHAW, GARY, 1980, Upstream fisheries and wildlife. HARRISON, R D., 1982, Soil Conservation Service SOREM, R. K., 1980, Final report of the discussion group involvement in Mount St. Helens and impacted areas. devoted to the geological aspects of the aftermath of the PATTERSON, P. V., 1981, Post May 18, 1980, rapid Mt. St. Helens eruption of May 18, 1980. response engineering geology [abstract]. } SORENSEN,J. H., 1981,Emergencyresponse to Mount St. SCHUSTER, R. L., 1981, Effects of the eruptions on civil Helens' eruption-March 20 to April 10, 1980. works and operations in the Pacific Northwest. SORENSEN, J. H., 1982, Emergency planning for rare SCHUSTER, R. L., 1983, Engineering aspects of the 1980 events-Some behavioral science lessons for volcano Mount SL Helens eruptions.* hazard management. SCHUSTER, R. L., 1984, Engineering studies, May 1980 STEVENS, BOB, 1980, Emergency measures. eruption, Mount St Helens [abstract]. STEVENS, R. C., 1982, Volcano emergency involvement SCHUSTER, R. L.; MULLINEAUX, D. R., 1982, at the federal level. Engineering geologic aspects of volcanic activity STROH, J. R.; HARRISON, R. D ., 1982, Soil Conservation [abstract]. Service involvement on watersheds affected by Mount U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, PORTLAND St. Helens. DISTRICT, 1980, Mt Saint Helens recovery operations, TAKAHASHI, TAMOTSU, 1981, Volcanic hazard Cowlitz County, Washington, Columbia County, phenomena and response of people due to the eruption Oregon; draft environmental impact statement. of Mount St. Helens. U.S . ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, PORTLAND U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT DISTRICT, 1980, Mt. Saint Helens recovery operations, AGENCY, 1980, Network closeout. Cowlitz County, Washington, Columbia County, U.S. GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE, 1982, Federal Oregon; final environmental impact statement. involvement in the Mount St. Helens disaster-Past U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, PORTLAND expenditures and future needs; Report to the Congress of DISTRICT, 1984, Mount St. Helens, Washington the United States by the Comptroller General. feasibility report and environmental impact statement, WARREN, G. H.; KAUFMAN, D. E.; HAfvfMOND, K. A, final; Volume 1, Main report. 1982, Come hell and high water-Mt. St. Helens and the federal response on the lower Cowlitz River. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENTS WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF EMERGENCY U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, 1984, Alternative SERVICES, 1980, State of Washington hazard strategies for a permanent outlet for Spirit Lake near mitigation report for the eruption of Mt. St. Helens; Mount St Helens, Washington; final environmental FEMA-623-DR-WA declared May 21, 1980. impact statement

ENGINEERING GEOLOGY U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, PORTLAND DISTRICT, 1980, Mt Saint Helens recovery operations, see also Cowlitz County, Washington, Columbia County, Oregon; draft environmental impact statement. COLUMilIA RIVER - ENGINEERING U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, PORTLAND GEOLOGY DISTRICT, 1980, ML Saint Helens recovery operations, COWLITZ RIVER - ENGINEERING Cowlitz County, Washington, Columbia County, GEOLOGY Oregon; final environmental impact statement. DEBRIS DAMS DREDGING U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, PORTLAND FLOOD HAZARDS DISTRICT, 1984, Mount St. Helens, Washington GEOLOGIC HAZARDS feasibility report and environmental impact statement.* 124 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENTS

U.S. FOREST SERVICE, 1981, Draft environmental CHADWICK, W. W., JR.; SWANSON, D. A.; impact statement-Mount St. Helens land management IWATSUBO, E. Y.; HELIKER, C. C., 1982, plan, Cowlitz, Lewis and Skamania Counties, Deformation of the crater floor at Mount St. Helens Washington. [abstract]. U.S. FOREST SERVICE, 1981, Final environmental CHADWICK, W. W., JR.; SWANSON, D. A.; impact statement-Mount St. Helens land management IWATSUBO, E. Y.; HELIKER, C. C.; LEIGHLEY, plan, Cowlitz, Lewis and Skamania Counties, T. A., 1983, Deformation monitoring at Mount St. Washington. Helens in 1981 and 1982. U.S. FOREST SERVICE, 1984, Mount St. Helens National CRANDELL, D.R., 1976, Volcanic-hazards studies in the Volcanic Monument, draft environmental impact Pacific Northwest-A progress report [abstract]. statement, comprehensive management plan. CRANDELL, D. R.; MULLINEAUX, D. R., 1978, U.S. FOREST SERVICE, 1985, Mount St. Helens National Potential hazards from future eruptions of Mount St. Volcanic Monument, final environmental impact Helens volcano, Washington.* statement, comprehensive management plan. CRANDELL, D. R.; MULLINEAUX, D. R., 1975, Erosion Appraising volcanic hazards of the Cascade Range. CRANDELL, D.R.; MULLINEAUX, D.R.; MILLER, see C. D., 1979, Volcanic-hazards studies in the Cascade Range of the . GEOMORPHOLOGY VOLCANIC ASH - EROSION CRANDELL, D. R.; MULLINEAUX, D. R.; RUBIN, :MEYER, 1975, Mount St Helens volcano-Recent and Eruption history future behavior.* see CRANDELL, D.R.; WALDRON, H. H., 1969, Volcanic CHRONOLOGY AND HISTORY BEFORE hazards in the Cascade Range.* 1980 DECKER, R. W., 1980, Forecasting the 1980 eruption of CHRONOLOGY OF THE 1980 ERUPTION Mount SL Helens-A review [abstract]. ACTIVITY DECKER,R. W., 1981, The 1980activity-A case study in ERUPTION PREDICTION forecasting volcanic eruptions. BARTUSIA.K, M. F., 1980, Lessons from the DZURISIN, DANIEL, 1982, Value of remote tilt mountain-Mount St. Helen's spectacular show enables monit0ring to eruption prediction at Mount St Helens, scientists to learn how to predict eruptions. Washington [abstract]. BEAULIEU, J. D.; PETERSON, N. V., 1981, Seismic and DZURISIN, DANIEL, 1986, Recent eruptive activity, volcanic hazard evaluation of the Mount St. Helens area, monitoring results and geophysical studies at Mount St. Washington relative to the Trojan Nuclear Site, Helens, Washington [abstract]. Oregon.* DZURISIN, DANIEL; WESTPHAL, J. A.; JOHNSON, BRAN1LEY, STEVEN, 1985, Mount St. Helens study D. J., 1983, Eruption prediction aided by electronic yields useful insights. tiltmeter data at Mount St. Helens. CARSON, R. J., 1983, Ground and aerial photography for EARTH SCIENCE, 1985, Volcano yields data-Scientists monitoring and predicting volcanic activity, with gather earthquake-predicting information from five emphasis on the 1980 eruption of Mount St Helens, years of studying Mount St. Helens. Washington. FINK. J. H.; POLLARD, D. D.; DONNELLY-NOLAN, J .• CASADEVALL, T. J.; EWERT, J.; HARRIS, D. M.; 1982, Structural relationships among fe.eder dikes, silicic ROSE, W. I., JR., 1982, Gas emissions and the prediction domes and ground cracks in the Medicine Lake highland of eruptive behavior at Mount SL Helens, Washington and Mount St Helens volcanoes [abstract]. [abstract]. HARNEY, THOMAS, 1980, Mount St. Helens' past gives CASADEV ALL, T. J .; ROSE, W. I., JR.; GERLACH, T. inkling of the future. M.; GREENLAND,L.P.;EWERT,J.; WUNDERMAN, IWATSUBO, E. Y.; SWANSON, D. A., 1986, Geodetic R. L.; SYMONDS, R. B., 1983, Gas emissions and the monitoring and ground deformation at Mount SL Helens, eruptions of Mount St. Helens through 1982. Washington [abstract]. ERUPTION PREDICTION 125

KERR, R. A., 1980, Mount St. Helens-An unpredictable SWANSON, D. A., 1986, Measurements of ground foe. defonnation to forecast and predict eruptions [abstract]. KERR,R. A., 1981, Mount St Helens-Volcanoes.quakes, SWANSON, D. A.; CASADEVALL, T. J.; DZURISIN, and the connectedness of things. DANIEL; HOLCOMB, R. T.; NEWHALL, C. G.; KERR, R. A., 1982, The volcano behaves itself, sort of. MALONE, S. D.; WEA VER, C. S., 1985, Forecasts and predictions of eruptive activity at Mount St. Helens, KIEFFER,H.H.;FRANK,D.G.;FRIEDMAN,J.D.,1981, USA- 1975-1984. Thennal infrared surveys at Mount St Helens­ Observations prior to the eruption of May 18. SWANSON, D. A.; CASADEVALL, T. J.; DZURISIN, DANIEL; MALONE, S. D.; NEWHALL, C. G.; LIPMAN,P. W.; MOORE,J.G.;SWANSON,D. A., 1980, WEAVER, C. S., 1983, Predicting eruptions at Mount Bulging of the north flank of Mount St Helens volcano St. Helens, June 1980 through December 1982. before the 5/18 eruption-Geodetic data [abstract]. SWANSON, D. A.; CASADEVALL, T. J.; DZURISIN, MALONE, S. D., 1982, The Mount St. Helens DANIEL; NEWHALL, C. G.; MALONE, S. D.; eruptions- Seismic monitoring for eruption prediction. WEA VER, C. S., 1984, Forecasts and predictions of MALONE, S. D., 1986, Predicting eruptions of Mt St. eruptions at Mount St Helens, USA [abstract]. Helens using seismic means. SWANSON, D. A.; CHADWICK, W. W., JR.; MALONE, S. D.; BOYKO, CHRISTINA, 1982, Volcanic IWATSUBO, E. Y.; HELIKER, C. C., 1982, earthquakes, and the precursors to the 1981 eruptions of Endogenous growth of the Mount St. Helens dacite dome Mount St Helens [abstract].* [abstract]. MALONE, S. D.; BOYKO, CHRISTINA; WEAVER, C. S., SWANSON, D. A.; HOLCOMB, R. T., 1982, Forecasting 1983, Seismic precursors to the Mount St. Helens eruptions at Mount SL Helens by monitoring ground eruptions in 1981 and 1982. deformation [abstract]. MALONE, S. D.; ENDO, E.T.; WEA VER, C. S.; RAMEY, SWANSON, D. A.; HOLCOMB, R. T.; LIPMAN, P. W.; J. W., 1981, Seismic monitoring for eruption prediction. MOORE, J. G.; HELIKER, C. C.; IWATSUBO, E. Y., MELSON, W. G., 1982, The cyclical nature of explosive 1981, Monitoring ground deformation to forecast volcanism-A petrological approach to volcano eruptions at Mount SL Helens [abstract]. forecasting. TOKAREV,P. I., 1984, On the prediction of the place, time MILLER, C. D.; MULLINEAUX, D. R.; CRANDELL, and energy and of danger of large explosions of andesitic D.R., 1981, Hazards assessments at Mount St. Helens. volcanoes. MULLINEAUX, D. R.; CRANDELL, D. R., 1980, TOKAREV, P. I., 1985, The prediction of large explosions Effectiveness of volcanic hazards assessments at Mount of andesitic volcanoes. St. Helens, Washington [abstract]. U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 1984, Mount St Helens MURRAY, T. L.; ENDO, E.T., 1986, BOB, a computer activity [abstract]. graphics tool for real-time integrated volcanic monitor­ WEAVER,C. S.;ENDO,E. T.; MALONE, S. D.;NOSON, ing [abstract]. L. L., 1981, Predicting Mt St Helens eruptions NEWHALL, C. G., 1981, Probabilistic hazard assessment [abstract). at Mount St. Helens [abstract]. WEAVER, C. S.; MALONE, S. D., 1976, Mt. Saint Helens PEVEAR, D.R., 1980, Clay minerals in the 1980 ML St. seismic events-Volcanic earthquakes or glacial noises? Helens tephra-Possible use in predicting eruptions WEAVER, C. S.; ZOLLWEG, J. E., 1983, Deep [abstract]. earthquakes and possible magmatic gas transport at POLLARD, D. D., 1984, Volcanic tremor and hydrothennal Mount St Helens, Washington [abstract).* wedging [abstract]. WEAVER,C.S.;ZOLLWEG,J.E.;MALONE,S.D.,1983, SATO, MOTOAI(J; MCGEE, K. A.; CASADEVALL, Deep earthquakes beneath Mount SL Helens-Evidence T. J ., 1981, Continuous monitoring of hydrogen at for magmatic gas transport? Mount St Helens, Washington, U.S.A. [abstract). WESSON, R. L., 1983, The eruption of Mount St. SOUTHER, J. G.; TILLING, R. I.; PUNONGBAYAN, Helens-Entering the era of real-time geology. R. S., 1984, Forecasting eruptions in the circum-Pacific. Y AMAGUCHl, D. K., 1985, Tree-ring evidence for a SWANSON, D. A., 1983, Forecasts and predictions two-year interval between recent prehistoric explosive [abstract]. eruptions of Mount St. Helens. 126 Fargher Lake

LETfENMAIER, D. P.; BURGES, S. J., 1981, Estimation Fargher Lake, see LAKES - FARGHER LAKE of flood frequency changes in the Toutle and Cowlitz River basins following the eruption of Mt. St. Helens. Fawn Lake, see LAKES • FAWN LAKE LOMBARD, R. E., 1982, Sediment deposition in the Financial effects, see ECONOl\1IC EFFECTS Cowlitz River. LOMBARD, R. E., 1986, Channel geometry, flood Findley Lake, see LAKES - FINDLEY LAKE elevations, and flood maps, lower ToULle and Cowlitz Fish, see BIOLOGY· FAUNA· AQUATIC Rivers, Washington, June 1980 to May 1981. MARTINSON, H. A.; HAMMOND, H. E.; MAST, W.W.; FLOOD HAZARDS MANGO, P. D., 1986, Channel geometry and hydro logic data for six eruption-affected tributaries of the Lewis see also River, Mount St. Helens, Washington, water years ENGINEERING GEOLOGY 1983-84. GEOLOGIC HAZARDS MEYER, wn.LIAM; SABOL, M. A.; GLICKEN, H. X.; VOIGHT, BARRY, 1985, The effects of ground water, BISSELL, V. C.; HlITCHEON,R.J., 1984,Forecastingand slope stability, and seismic hazard on the stability of the warning for Mt. St. Helens streams. South Fork Castle Creek blockage in the Mount St. BROWN, B. J.; THOMAS, W. A., 1983, Mt. St. Helens Helens area, Washington. impact on Cowlitz River sedimentation. ORWIG, C. E.; MATlilSON, J. M., 1982, Forecasting CARPENTER, P. J ., 1982, New lakes of North Fork Toutle considerations in Mount Saint Helens affected rivers. River-Mount St Helens. RAYNOR, J.M., 1981, Mount St. Helens-One year later. CHILDERS, DALLAS; CARP~. P. J., 1985, A SCHNEIDER, V. R.; JENNINGS, M. E., 1980, Flood warning system for hazards resulting from breaches of hazard assessments-Mt St Helens [abstract]. lake blockage, Mount St Helens, Washington. SIKONIA, W. G., 1985, Impact on the Columbia River of CLARY, BRUCE; MACFADDEN, SANDRA; CEASE, an outburst of Spirit Lake. RONALD, 1982, Floodplain management in the Mt St. STOCKTON, S. L., 1983, Engineering response to flood Helens watershed-Implications for local government. hazards created by the eruption of Mount St. Helens. CUMMANS, J. E.; COLLIER, C. R., 1980, Mud.flows, U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, COM.MlTIEE ON floods, and sediment deposition resulting from the May CHANNEL STABILIZATION, 1985, Columbia­ 18 eruption of Mt St Helens by Water Resources Cowlitz-Toutle Rivers, Washington, restoration Division, U.S. Geological Survey [abstract). subsequent to Mt St Helens eruption. DUNNE, THOMAS; LEOPOLD, L.B., 1981, Flood and U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, PORTLAND sedimentation hazards in the Toutle and Cowlitz River DISTRICT, 1984, Mount St. Helens, Washington system as a result of the Mt. St. Helens eruption. feasibility report and environmental impact statement, HULL, A. N., 1980, Atmospheric events. final: Volume 1, Main report. JENNINGS, M. E.; SCHNEIDER, V. R.; SMITH, P. E., U.S. CONGRESS, HOUSE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC 1981, Computer assessments of potential flood hazards WORKS AND TRANSPORTATION, 1985, Mount St from breaching of two debris dams, Toutle River and Helens sediment control, Washington (Toutle, Cowlitz, Cowlitz River systems. and Columbia Rivers). JENNINGS, M. E.; SCHNEIDER, V. R.; Sl'vllTH, P. E., U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT 1981, Emergency assessment of Mount St Helens AGENCY, 1980, Flood hazard reduction in the vicinity post-eruption flood hazards, Toutle and Cowlitz Rivers, of Mount SL. Helens. Washington. VACCARO, J. J., 1982, Toutle River basin rainfall-runoff KRESCH, D. L.; LAENEN, ANTONIUS, 1984, sediment model. Preliminary estimate of possible flood elevations in the W AITT, R. B., JR.; MACLEOD, N. S., 1983, Far-traveling Columbia River at Trojan Nuclear Power Plant due to snow avalanches and floods from minor explosive failure of debris darn blocking Spirit Lake, Washington. eruptions at snow-clad Mount St Heleos, Washington LAWYER, D. E., 1980, Corps of Engineers response to the [abstract]. eruption of Mt. St. Helens. GENERAL WORKS (1980 AND POST 1980) 127

'WITTEN, DON, 1985, Mt. SL Helens- Delayed action HALEY, DELPHINE, 1970, WashingLOn's five danger. volcanoes-Quiet but not extinct. HAlv1MOND, P. E., 1974, The pulse of the Cascade Forestry, see IlIOLOGY - FLORA - FORESTRY volcanoes. FUMAROLES HARRIS, S. L., 1980, Fire and ice-The Cascade volcanoes; revised edition.* BARNES, IV AN, 1985, Mineral-water reactions in metamorphism and volcanism. HARRIS, S. L., 1986, The other Cascade volcanoes­ Historic eruptions at Mount St. Helens' sister peaks. CHUAN, R. L.; ROSE, W. I., JR.; SYMONDS, R. B.; JILLSON, W.R., 1917, The volcanic activity of Mount St. LICHTE, F. E.; KEITH, T. E. C., 1985, Particle flux in Helens and Mount Hood in historical time. the Mt SL Helens plume and fumaroles during a quiescent period in August 1985 [abstract]. KIVER, E. P., 1982, The Cascade volcanoes-Comparison of geologic and historic records. FINNEGAN, D. L., 1984, The chemistry of trace elements and acidic species in fumarolic emissions.* LAURENCE, HERBERT, 1954, Geological history of Mount St. Helens. GERLACH, T. M.; CASADEV ALL, T.J., 1986,Evaluation of gas data from high-temperature fumaroles at Mount MAZAMA RESEARCH COMMITTEE, 1943, Aerial St. Helens, 1980-1982. photographs of Mount St. Helens. GERLACH, T. M.; CASADEV ALL, T. J., 1986, Fumarole OTHBERG, K. L., 1973, "Friends of the Pleistocene" meet emissions at Mount St Helens volcano, June 1980 to at Mount St. Helens. October 1981- Degassing of a magma-hydrothermal PARRISH, J. L., 1906, Eruption of Mount St. Helens. system. PARSONS, M. R., 1910, On Mount St Helens with the GERLACH, T. M.; CASADEV ALL, T. J.; GREENLAND, Mazamas. L. P.; LE GUERN, FRANCOIS, 1982, Fumarole gases ROSS, E. L., 1903, First white woman on Mt. SL. Helens. and magma degassing at Mount St. Helens, 1980-81 [abstract]. STRONG, E:tvfERGY. 1969, Early accounts of the eruption of Mt. St. Helens. GRAEBER, E. J.; GERLACH, T. M.; HLAVA,P. F., 1982, Metal transpon and deposition in high-temperature WASHINGTON DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND fumaroles at Mount St. Helens [abstract]. EARTH RESOURCES, 1980, A pre-1980 eruption description of Mount St. Helens. KEITH, T. E. C.; CASADEVALL, T. J.; JOHNSTON, D. A., 1981, Fumarole encrustations-Occurrence, WILLIAMS,J.H.,1912,GuardiansoftheColumbia,Mount mineralogy, and chemistry. Hood, Mount Adams and Mount St. Helens. KEITH, T. E. C.; CASADEVALL, T. J.; JOHNSTON, GENERAL WORKS (1980 AND POST 1980) D. A., 1984, Fumarolic incrustation at Mount St Helens [abstract]. , CLARENE, 1980, Mt. St Helens-Stalking a PHILLIPS, K. N., 1941, Fumaroles of Mount St. Helens and volcano. Mount Adams. ALLEN, J.E., 1981, Why do volcanoes erupt? GENERAL WORKS , SCOTT, 1984, Discovering Mount St. Helens-A guide to Mount SL Helens National Volcanic Note: Includes materials, whether scientific or popular Monument works, which are overall descriptions of Mount St. AUSTIN, S. A .• 1985, Modem catastrophic processes at Helens. Mount St. Helens and their implications for the stratigraphic record [abstract]. GENERAL WORKS (BEFORE 1980) AYLESWORTH, T. G.; AYLESWORTH, V. L., 1983, The COO:MBS, H. A., 1960, Catalogue of the active volcanoes Mount St Helens disaster- What we've learned. and solfatara fields of the United States of America- Mt. BEALS, H.K.; CL™E, SCOTT; KOLER, J.M., 1981, On St. Helens. the mountain's brink-A Forest Service history of the EKMAN, L. C., 1962, Scenic geology of the Pacific 1980 Mount St. Helens volcanic emergency. Northwest. BEE, SUE, 1980, Volcano. ELLIOTT, C. P., 1897, Mount St. Helens. 128 GENERAL WORKS (1980 AND POST 1980)

BERNEX, RENE, 1980, Apres le reveil du mont GODCHAUX, M. M., 1981, Mount St. Helens-Window Saint-Helens (U.S.A.) [Aftertheawakening ofMount St. into creation. Helens (U.S.A.)]. GORDON, MEL, 1980, Concluding remarks. BODELLE, JACQUES, 1981, L'eruption du Mont St GORDON, MEL, 1980, Opening remarks. Helens [The eruption of Mount SL Helens]. GRAUER, JACK, 1980, What next, Mount Saint Helens? BODELLE, JACQUES, 1981, L'eruption du Mont Saint-Helens-Quelles lecons en tirer? [The eruption of HAMMOND, P. E., 1980, Mt. St. Helens. Mount St Helens-What are the lessons learned?]. HAMMOND, P. E., 1980, Mt St Helens adds fireworks in BOIVIN, PIERRE; CAMUS, GUY; DE GOER, ALAIN; Cascades. GOURGAUD, ALAIN; KIEFFER, GUY; MERGOil..., HARRIS, S. L., 1980, Fire and ice--The Cascade JEAN; VINCENT, P. M., 1980, Le reveil des volcans volcanoes; revised edition. [Reawakening of volcanoes]. ffiCKSON, PAUL; ffiCKSON, C. J., 1980, We watched CAfllLL, TIM, 1980, Volcanoes of America-Fiery death, Mount St. Helens blow its top. fiery birth. KELLER,$. A. C.,EDITOR, 1982,MountSt Helens-One CANADIANMINlNG JOURNAL, 1980,MountSL Helens year later; Proceedings of a conference held at Eastern eruption-The first months. Washington University, May 18, 1981. CASSIDY, J. J., CHAIRPERSON, 1980, Proceedings of KELLER, S. A. C., EDITOR, 1986, Mount St. Washington State University's conference on the Helens-Five years later. aftennath of Mt St Helens, July 8-9, 1980. KELLER,S. A. C.,EDITOR; AND OTHERS, 1981,Mount CHRISTIANSEN, R. L., 1980, Eruption of ML St St Helens-One year later; Abstracts and directory. Helens-Volcanology. KERR, R. A., 1982, The volcano behaves itself, son of. CHRISTIANSEN, R. L.; PETERSON, D. W., 1981, The KLUGE, P. F., 1980, Awesome message of Mt St Helens' 1980-81 activity and some results of monitoring and mammoth eruption. research at Mount St Helens, U.S.A. [abstract]. LANSFORD, , 1981, Vulcan's chimneys­ COBURN, JOANN, 1980, Mount St. Helens-Primed for Subduction-zone volcanism. explosion. LOGAN, R. L.; MANSON, C. J., 1983, Mount St COFFIN, H. G., 1983, Mount St Helens and Spirit Lake. Helens-Annotated index to video archives. COLINV AUX, P. A., 1984, The blessed event at Mt. St. MIU.ER, M. M., 1981, Mount SL Helens eruption. Helens-A scientist's view. MOLENAAR, DEE, 1981, Oblique-view pictorial CRANDELL, D. R.; MULLINEAUX, D. R., 1980, Mount landfonn map-Souvenir of an eruption-Mount SL St. Helens volcano. Helens country, Washington. DEACON, R. J.; REILLY, T. K.; THOMS, R. E., 1980, NASSAU, K., 1981, Plates, quakes, volcanoes and Mt St. Preliminary field report of destruction caused by Mt St. Helens.* Helen's eruption [abstract]. PASSERO, R. N., 1981, Environmental geology. DECKER, R. W.; DECKER, BARBARA, 1981, The eruptions of Mount St. Helens. PETERSON, D. W ., 1981, An overview ofactivity at Mount SL Helens, Washington, since May 1980 [abstract]. DECKER, R. W.; DECKER, BARBARA, 1981, Volcanoes. PETERSON,D. W., 1986, Mount St Helens and the science ofvolcanology- A five year perspective. DOHERTY, D. J.; LOWRIE, D. J., 1980, The early stages of the eruption of Mount St. Helens. PETERSON, D. W., 1986, Summary of ML St. Helens activity, 1980-1986. FAIR CHILD, L. H., 1986, Mt. St. Helens-The first 6 years. PICARD, M. D., 1982, Exploding volcanoes. HKSDAL, A. J., 1981, The eruption of Mount St. Helens [abstract]. PROCHASKA, CAROL, 1981, Mount SL Helens-The aftennath of ash Sunday. FOXWORTI-IY, B. L.; HILL, MARY, 1983, Volcanoes of the Cascade Range in North America. REAM, L. R., 1983, Northwest volcanoes, a roadside geologic guide. GEIPEL, R., 1981, Mount St. Helens. REAM, L. R.; JACKSON, BOB, 1980, St. Helens. GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY, 1980, Volcano. GENERAL WORKS (1980) - PICTORIAL 129

ROSENBAUM,J. G.; WAITT,R. B.,JR., 1981, Summary COLUMBIAN, 1980, Mount St Helens holocaust- A of eyewitness accounts of the May 18 eruption. diary of destruction. ROSENFELD, C. L., 1980, Observations on the Mount St. DAILY NEWS STAFF; JOURNAL-AMERICAN STAFF, Helens eruption. 1980, Volcano-The eruption of Mount St. Helens. ROSENFELD, C. L.; COOKE, ROBERT, 1982, Earthfire, DORAN, JEFFRY, 1980, Search on Mount St. Helens. the eruption of Mount St. Helens. EVEREIT HERALD; WESTERN SUN, 1980, Mount St. ST. HELENS FOREST LAND RESEARCH COOP­ Helens erupts. ERATIVE, 1982, Research associated with ML SL FINDLEY, ROWE, 1981, Mount St. Helens Helens and the volcanic eruptions of 1980. aftermath-The mountain that was- and will be. SAW ADA, YOSIDHIRO, 1980, Volcanic eruption in the FINDLEY.ROWE, 1981,St Helens.mountain with a death contiguous United States-The great eruption of Mt. St. wish. Helens. GEO-GRAPHICS, 1980, Mount SL Helens- Mountain of SCHMINKE, H.-U., 1981, Die Mount-SL-Helens­ fire. eruptionen 1980 [The eruptions of Mount St. Helens in 1980]. HOUvfES, K. L., 1980, Mount St. Helens- Lady with a past STEPHENS, JERRY, 1980, Geological occurrences. IKENBERRY, LARRY, 1980, St Helens-The changing STOFFEL, D. B.; STOFFEL, K.. L., 1980, ML SL Helens mountain. seen close up on May 18. KELSO, LINDA, 1980, Mount SL Helens and other SUNSET MAGAZINE, 1983, Getting close to Mount St. volcanoes of the west. Helens. KELSO, LINDA; SHANGLE, R. D., 1980, Mount St. THONIPSON, ROGER, 1983, Volcanoes. Helens volcano. TILLING, R. I., 1980, A volcanologist's perspective. KELSO, LINDA; SHANGLE,R. D., 1980, Volcano-First TILLING, R. I., 1981, Overview of Mount SL Helens seventy days. Mount St Helens, 1980. volcanic eruption. NOKES, J. R., 1980, Mount St. Helens-The volcano. TILLING, R. I., 1983, Monitoring active volcanoes. PALMER, L. A., 1980, Mt. St. Helens-The volcano TILLING. R. I., 1984, Eruptions ofMount St. Helens-Past, explodes. present, and future. POSTREL, DANIEL; GUGGENHEIM, G. A., 1980, The TOK.AREV,P. I., 1981,Izverzheniye vulkanaSent-Khelens lady awakens-Mount St. Helens, 1980. v marte-avguste 1980 g. [The St Helens eruption in RADKE, L. F.; HOBBS, P. V., 1980, Observations March-August 1980]. (pictorial) of ML St Helens in eruption [abstract]. U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 1982, Volcanic rocks and ROBERTS, DON; ROBERTS, DIANA, 1980, Mount St. processes, Mount St. Helens. Helens- The volcano of our time. U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 1984, Cascades Volcano RONNBOLM, KEITH, 1981, Photographic documentation Observatory [abstract]. of the eruption of Mt. St. Helens, 8:32 am, May 18, 1980 VOGT, H.-H .• 1981, St. Helens- Ein Vulkan erwacht [abstract]. [Mount St. Helens-A volcano wakes up]. ROSENFELD, C. L.; COOKE, ROBERT, I 982, Earthfire, VOLCANO NEWS, 1985, Mt St. Helens field workshop, the eruption of Mount St. Helens. 13-17 August 1984. SEDELL,J.R.; FRANKLIN,J.F.; SWANSON,F.J., 1980, WASHINGTON DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND Out of the ash. EARTH RESOURCES, 1981, Mount St Helens fact TIME-LIFE BOOKS, 1982, The cataclysm on St. Helens. sheet. WU..LIAMS, CHUCK; ATKESON, RAY. 1980, Mount St. GENERAL WORKS (1980) - PICTORIAL Helens-A changing landscape.

BOLY, WILLIAM, 1980,FireMountain-Theeruptionsof Mount St. Helens. CAHILL, TIM, 1980, Volcanoes of America-Fiery death, fiery birth. 130 Geochemistry

DUNBAR,N. W.; DAVIS,P. T.; MAROITA,D. A., 1983, Geochemistry Wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis of see Cascade Range tephras in lake sediments, SW Washington [abstract]. IGNEOUSPETROLOGY-GEOCHEJ\1ISTRY FEDERMAN, A. N., 1983, Correlation of tephra layers on LAKES . GEOCHEMISTRY the Columbia River Plateau. south-central Washington MASS MOVEMENTS · LAHARS AND [abstract]. MUD FLOWS· GEOCHEMISTRY FRITZ. L. G.; HILTABRAND, R.R., 1972, Correlation of VOLCANIC ASH· GEOCHEMISTRY St. Helens, Mazama and Glacier Peak ashes using x-ray VOLCANIC GASES· GEOCHEJ\1ISTRY diffraction [abstract]. VOLCANIC PLUME-GEOCHEMISTRY HAMMOND,P.E.;KOROSEC,M.A., 1983.Geochemical GEOCHRONOLOGY analyses, age dates, and flow-volume estimates for Quaternary volcanic rocks, southern Cascade see also Mountains, Washington. HEUSSER, C. J.; HEUSSER, L. E., 1980, Sequence of CHRONOLOGY AND HISTORY BEFORE pumiceous tephra layers and the late Quaternary 1980 environmental record near Mount St. Helens. CHRONOLOGY OF THE 1980 ERUPTIVE ACTIVITY JILLSON, W.R., 1917, New evidence of a recent volcanic eruption on Mt SL Helens, Washington. BENNEIT, J. T.; KRISHNASWAMl, S.; TUREKIAN, KRISHNASW AMl, S.; BENNEIT, J. T.; MONAGHAN, K. K.; MELSON, W. G.; HOPSON, C. A., 1982, The M.; TUREKIAN, K. K.; MELSON, W. G.; HOPSON, uranium and thorium decay series nuclides in Mt St. C. A .• 1981 , Uranium and thorium decay series nuclide Helens effusives. concentrations in Mt St Helens eruptives [abstract]. BRANTLEY, STEVEN; YAMAGUCHI, D. K.; LAWRENCE, D. B., 1938, Trees on the march. CAMERON, KENNETH; PRINGLE, PATRICK, 1986, LAWRENCE, D. B.; LAWRENCE, E.G., 1959, Radio­ Tree·ring dating of volcanic deposits. carbon dating ofsome events on Mount Hood and Mount COCHRAN, B. D., 1982, Preliminary petrography of St. Helens. primary and secondary, redeposited tephras from the MOODY, U. L., 1977, Correlation of flood deposits 1980 Mount SL Helens eruption [abstract]. containing SL Helens set S ashes and the stratigraphic COCHRAN, B. D., 1985, Age of late Quaternary surface position of St Helens set J and Glacier Peak ashes, ruptures along the Thousand Springs-MacKay segment central WashingtOn [abstract]. of the Lost River Range fault system. MULLINEAUX, D. R.; CRANDELL, D. R., 1960, Late CORMIE, A. B.; HUNTLEY, D. J.; NELSON, D. E., 1982, Recent age of Mount SL Helens volcano, Washington. Identifying tephras by alpha counting. MULLINEAUX, D. R.; HYDE, J. H.; RUBIN, lvfEYER, CORMIE, A. B.; NELSON, D. E., 1983, Energy-dispersive 1972, Preliminary assessment of upper Pleistocene and x-ray fluorescence analysis as a rapid method for Holocene pumiceous tephra from Mount St. Helens. identifying tephras. southern Washington [abstract]. CRANDELL, D. R.; MULLINEAUX, D. R.; RUBIN, MULLINEAUX,D.R.; WJLCOX,R.E.;EBAUGH, W.F.; MEYER; SPIKER, ELLIOIT; KELLEY, M. L., 1981. FRYXELL, ROALD; RUBIN, lv1EYER, 1977, Age of Radiocarbon dates from volcanic deposits at Mount St. the last major scabland Oood of eastern Washington, as Helens, Washington. inferred from associated ash beds of Mount St Helens DAVIS, P. T., 1982, Tephrochronology, Davis Lake, set S [abstract]. southwest Washington [abstract].* , S. C., 1981, Use of tephrochronology in the DAVIS. P. T.; BARNOSKY, C. W.; STUJVER, MINZE, Quaternary geology of the United States. 1982, A 20,000 yr record of volcanic ashfalls, Davis SARNA-WOJCICKI, A. M., 1982, Tephrochronology of Lake, southwestern Washington (abstract). the western region.* DILLER, J. S., 1899, Latest volcanic eruptions on the SMITH, D. R.; LEEMAN, W. P., 1982, Mineralogy and Pacific coast. phase chemistry of Mount St. Helens tephra sets W and Y as keys to their identification. GEOLOGIC HAZ4RDS (1980) 131

SYMONS, T. W., 1882, The upper Columbia River and the CRANDELL, D. R.; MULLINEAUX, D.R.; RUBIN, Great Plain of the Columbia. MEYER, 1975, Mount St. Helens volcano-Recent and WESTGATE, J. A., 1977, Identification and significance of future behavior.* late Holocene tephra from Otter Creek, southern British CRANDELL, D.R.; WALDRON, H. H., 1969, Volcanic Columbia, and localities in west-central Alberta. hazards in the Cascade Range.* WESTGATE, J. A.; GORTON, M. P., 1981, Correlation FOLSOM, M M., 1970, Volcanic eruptions-The techniques in tephra studies. Pioneers' attitude on thePacificcoastfrom 1800to 1875. WILLIAMS, R. W.; ,J. B.; BRULAND, KW., 1983, HARRIS, S. L., 1986, The other Cascade volcanoes­ Th and U decay series nuclides in historic arc lavas from Historic eruptions at Mount St. Helens' sister peaks. Java, Japan and Mt. St. Helens [abstract]. HYDE, J. H., 1970, Geologic setting of Merrill Lake and WOLFE, J. A., 1961, Age of the Keechelus andesitic series evaluation of volcanic hazards in the Kalama River of the Cascade Range, Washington. valley near Mount St. Helens, Washington. Y AMAGU CHI, D. K., 1983, New tree-ring dates for recent HYDE, J. H.; CRANDELL, D.R., 1972, Potential volcanic eruptions of Mount St. Helens.* hazards near Mount St Helens in southwestern YAMAGUCHI, D. K, 1985, Tree-ring evidence for a Washington [abstract]. two-year interval between recent prehistoric explosive KIVER, E. P., 1976, Man and volcanoes in Washington eruptions of Mount St. Helens. State. YAMAGUCHI, D. K.; HOBLITI, R. P .• 1986, Tree-ring MULLINEAUX, D.R., 1977, Volcanic hazards-Extent dating of Mount St Helens flowage deposits emplaced and severity of potential tephra hazard interpreted from in the valley of the South Fork Toutle River Washington, layer Yn from Mount St Helens, Washington [abstract]. durmg the past 350 years [abstract]. SW ANSON, D. A., 1975, Original reports from the GEOLOGIC HAZARDS correspondents of the IA VCEI Working Group on Mitigation of Volcanic Disasters; U.S.A. see also WEST, D. O.; ALT, J. N., 1982, The assessment of volcanic hazards and the \essons learned from Mount St. Helens DEBRIS DAMS [abstract]. ENGINEERING GEOLOGY FLOOD HAZARDS GEOLOGIC HAZARDS (1980) MASS MOVEMENTS - LAHARS AND MUDFLOWS ALLARD, PA1RICK, 1983, Facing hazards from the reawakening of dormant explosive volcanoes-The GEOLOGIC HAZARDS (BEFORE 1980) examplesofMt St Helens.El Chichon,and Galunggung AUSTEN, RUTH; KERR, J. W., 1984, The Mount St. in 1980-1982. Helens/Long Valley caldera parallel. AUSTEN, RUTH; KERR, J. W., 1984, The Mount St. CRANDELL, D.R., 1976, Volcanic-hazards studies in the Helens/Long Valley caldera parallel. Pacific Northwest-A progress report [abstract]. AUSTEN, RUTH; KERR, J. W., 1986, Long Valley, CRANDELL, D.R., 1981, Volcanic hazards. California-The Mount St Helens legacy. CRANDELL, D. R.; MULLINEAUX, D. R., 1975, KERR, J. W., 1980, Mount St. Helens, May 18Lh, Appraising volcanic hazards of the Cascade Range. 1980-Learning the hard way. CRANDELL, D. R.; MULLINEAUX, D. R., 1976, KERR, R. A., 1980, Mount St. Helens- An unpredictable Potential hazards from future eruptions of Mount St. foe. Helens volcano, Washington. KLUGE, P. F., 1980, Awesome message of Mt St Helens' CRANDELL, D. R.; MULLINEAUX, D. R., 1978, mammoth eruption. Potential hazards from future eruptions of Mount St. LODATO, PAUL, 1980, Mount St. Helens-A different Helens volcano, Washington. disaster. CRANDELL, D. R.; MULLINEAUX, D.R.; MILLER, C. MALIN, M. C.; SHERIDAN, M. F., 1981, Computer­ D ., 1979, Volcanic-hazards studies in the Cascade Range assisted volcanic hazards mapping [abstract]. of the western United States. 132 GEOLOGIC HAZARDS (1980)

MILLER, C. D.; CRANDELL, D.R.; MULLINEAUX, D. GEOLOGIC HAZARDS (POST 1980) R., 1984, Recommendations for volcanic-hazards assessments and land-use planning based on U.S. BEAULIEU, J. D.; PETERSON, N. V., 1981, Seismic and Geological Survey experiences during the 1980 volcanic hazard evaluation of the Mount St. Helens area, eruptions of Mount St. Helens, State of Washington, Washington relative to the Trojan Nuclear Site, U.S.A. Oregon.• MILLER, C. D.; MULLINEAUX, D.R.; CRANDELL, D. BEGET, J.E., 1981,RateS of eruption and volcanic hazards R., 1981, Hazards assessments at Mount St Helens. in the Washingmn Cascades [abstract]. MILLER, C. D.; MULLINEAUX, D.R.; CRANDELL, D. BRANTLEY, STEVEN, 1985, Mount St. Helens study R .• 1981, Hazards assessments by the U.S. Geological yields useful insights. Survey at Mount SL Helens volcano, Washington (abstract]. CHILDERS, DALLAS; CARPENTER, P. J., 1985, A warning system for hazards resulting from breaches of ~1ILLER, C. D.; MULLINEAUX, D.R.; CRANDELL, D. lake blockage, Mount SL Helens, Washington. R., 1981, Volcanic-hazards evaluations by the U.S. Geological Survey before and during the 1980 eruptions NEWHALL. C. G., 1983, Anticipating volcanic hazards at of Mount St Helens, Washington, U.S.A. (abstract]. Mount St Helens, Washington. 1v1ULLINEAUX, D.R., 1981, Tephra hazards from Cascade NEWHALL, C. G., 1984, Semiquantitative assessment of Range volcanoes. changing volcanic risk at Mount SL Helens, Washington. MULLINEAUX, D. R.; CRANDELL, D. R., 1980, Tll..LING, R. I.; BAILEY, R. A., 1985, Volcano hazards Effectiveness of volcanic hazards assessments at Mount program in the United States. St. Helens, Washington (abstract]. Geologic hazards - Social aspects, see SOCIAL NEWHALL, C. G., 1981, Probabilistic hazard assessment ASPECTS at Mount St. Helens [abstract]. NEWHALL, C. G., 1982, A method for estimating Geologic maps, see MAPS - GEOLOGIC intermediate· and long-term risks from volcanic activity, GEOMORPHOLOGY with an example from Mount St Helens, Washington. U.S. CONGRESS, SENATE COMMITTEE ON see also COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION, 1980, Mount St. Helens impact. MASS MOVEMENTS - AVALANCHES AND LANDSLIDES U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT MASS MOVEMENTS - LAHARS AND AGENCY, 1980, Current volcanic hazards at Mount St MUDFLOWS Helens, Washington. RIVER MORPHOLOGY U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT VOLCANIC ASH - EROSION AGENCY, 1980, Volcanic hazard analysis. U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 1982, Mount St Helens AUSTIN, S. A., 1985, Modem cataStrophic processes at eruptions-Monitoring and hazards assessment: Effects Mount St. Helens and their implications for the of the eruption: Analysis of hazards assessments; stratigraphic record [abstract]. Posteruption hazards of Spirit Lake [abstract]. BANKS,N. G.; BENNETT, C. A.; ,J. M., 1978, WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF EMERGENCY Maps of photo lineaments and geomorphological SERVICES, 1980, State of Washington hazard features in the Spirit Lake quadrangle, Washington. mitigation report for the eruption of Mt. St Helens; BEACH, G. L., 1985, Morphologic evolution of the Mount FEMA-623-DR-WA declared May 21, 1980. St. Helens crater area, Washington. WESSON, R. L., 1983, The eruption of Mount St. BEACH, G. L.; DZURISIN, DANIEL, 1984, Drainage Helens-Entering the era of real-time. geology. evolution in the debris avalanche deposits near Mount WEST, D. O.; ALT,J. N., 1981, The assessment of volcanic St. Helens, Washington. hazards and the lessons learned from Mount St. Helens DUNNE, TIIOMAS, 1983, Discussion at the U.S.-Japan [abstract]. symposium on erosion control on volcanoes. HALLIDAY, W. R., 1983, Buried glacial ice and other complexities found in the Spirit Lake pseudokarst, Mount St. Helens, Washington. GEOPHYSICS- GRAVITY SURVEYS 133

HALLIDAY, W. R., 1983, Further observations on the SWANSON, D. A.; LIPMAN, P. W.; MOORE, J. G.; Spirit Lake pseudok.arst.* HELIKER, C. C.; YAMASHITA, K. M., 1981, Geodetic JAPAN PUBLIC WORKS RESEARCH INSTITUlE, monitoring after the May 18 eruption. 1983, Proceedings of the symposium on erosion.control WALKER, G. P. L.; MCBROOME, L.A., 1983, Mount St. in volcanic areas, July 6-9, 1982 at Seattle and Helens 1980 and Mount Pelee 1902- Flow or surge? Vancouver, Washington. Geophysics. Acoustics, see BLAST· JILLSON, W. R., 1921, Physiographic effects of the ACOUSTICS . volcanism of Mt. St. Helens. MALIN, M. C., 1984, Planetary geomorphology field GEOPHYSICS· ELECTRICAL SURVEYS studies-Washington and Alaska. ANDERSON, L. A.; JOHNSON, D. J.; DZURISIN, MOORE, J. G.; ALBEE, W. C., 1980, Topographic and DANIEL, 1983, Self-potential and VLF electromagnetic structural changes of Mount St Helens, March-July surveys at Mount St. Helens, Washington [abstract]. 1980-Photogrammetric data [abstract). COBB, W. E., 1980, Electric fields and lightning in the Mt. SWANSON, F. J.; JANDA, R. J., 1983, Summary of final St. Helens volcanic cloud [abstract]. discussions, symposium on erosion control in volcanic areas. FRASER, D. C., 1983, Airborne electromagnetic surveys of the Cascade Range, western United States; with a preface U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 1980, Preliminary aerial by D. B. Hoover. photographic interpretative map showing features related to the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St Helens, SCHULTZ, A.; BOOKER, J. R., 1981, Magnetotelluric Washington.* study of Mt. St. Helens [abstract].

Geophysical maps, see MAPS · GEOPHYSICAL GEOPHYSICS · GRAVITY SURVEYS

GEOPHYSICS [GENERAL WORKS] BATH, MARKUS, 1982, Atmospheric waves from Mount St. Helens. BRANlLEY, STEVEN; TOPINKA, L. J., EDITORS, BONINI, W. E.; HUGHES, D. W.; DANES, Z. F., 1984, Volcanic studies at the U.S. Geological Survey's COMPILERS, 1974, Complete gravity David A. Johnston Cascades Volcano Observatory, anomaly map of Washington. Vancouver, Washington. BRAILE, L. W., 1970, The isostatic condition and crust.al BURGER, R. W., 1984, Source mechanism of the May 18, structure of Mount Saint Helens as determined from 1980 St. Helens eruption from regional surface waves. gravity data. FRIEDMAN, J. D., 1982, Energy of domal evolution at DANES, Z. F.; PIIlLLIPS, W. M., 1983, Complete Bouguer Mount St Helens, June 1980 through May 18, 1982 gravity anomaly map, Cascade Mountains, Washington. [abstract). DANES, Z. F.; PHILLIPS, W. M., 1983, Principal facts and IWATSUBO, E. Y.; SWANSON, D. A., 1985, Electronic discussion of terrain correction methods for the complete distance monitoring of Mount St. Helens and other Bouguer gravity anomaly map of the Cascade Cascade volcanoes [abstract]. Mountains, Washington. MOORE, G. K.; SHEEHAN, C. A., COMPILERS, 1981, DISHBERGER, D. M., 1983, Preparation of residual Evaluation of radar imagery for geologic and carto­ gravity maps for the southern Cascade Mountains, graphic applications; summary report of investigations. Washington using Fourier analysis. ROSENFELD, C. L., 1980, Remote sensing of the Mount EGGERS, A. A.; DANES, Z. F., 1981, Apparent short term St. Helens eruption, May 18, 1980.* gravity changes at Mount SL Helens, Washington SPALL, HENRY, 1980, Continuous monitoring of Mount [abstract]. St. Helens volcano. EGGERS, A. A.; DANES, Z. F., 1981, Long term gravity SWANSON,D. A., 1986,PredictingdomegrowthatMt.St. changes at ML SL Helens, Washington [abstract]. Helens using non-seismic techniques. GOMAN, T. G., 1964, Gravity survey of Mount St Helens, SWANSON, D. A.; CASADEVALL, T. J.; DZURISIN, Washington [abstract]. DANIEL; MALONE, S. D.; NEWHALL, C. G.; JACHENS, R. C.; SPYDELL, D. R.; PITTS, G. S.; WEAVER, C. S., 1983, Predicting eruptions at Mount DZURISIN, DANIEL; ROBERTS, C. W., 1980, Repeat St. Helens, June 1980 through December 1982. gravity studies at Mount Saint Helens [abstract]. 134 GEOPHYSICS- GRAVITY SURVEYS

JACHENS, R. C.; SPYDELL, D. R.; PITTS, G. S.; HOBLITT, R. P.; REYNOLDS, R. L.; LARSON, E. E., DZURISIN, DANIEL; ROBERTS, C. W., 1981, 1985, Suitability of non welded pyroclastic-flow deposits Temporal gravity variations at Moum St. Helens, for studies of magnetic secular variation-A test based March-May 1980. on deposits emplaced at Mount St. Helens, Washington, JOHNSON, D. J., 1982, Gravity changes in the crater of in 1980. Mount St. Helens, Washington, April-September, 1982 JOHNSTON, M. J. S.; DVORAK, J. J., 1981, The [abstract]. implications of tilt and magnetometer measurements at RITSEMA, A. R., 1983, Atmospheric pressure wave of Mount SL Helens, Washington-1980-1981 [abstract]. Mount St Helens eruption. JOHNSTON, M. J. S.; MUELLER, R. J.; DVORAK, J. J., 1981, Volcanomagnetic observations during eruptions, GEOPHYSICS - MAGNETIC SURVEYS May-August 1980.* ANDERSON, L. A.; JOHNSON, D. J.; DZURISIN, JOHNSTON, M. J. S.; MUELLER, R. J.; MORTENSEN, DANIEL, 1983, Self-potential and VLF electromagnetic C.E.;MYREN,D.;JONES,A.;KELLER, V., 1984,Tilt, surveys at Mount St. Helens, Washington [abstract]. strain, and magnetic measurements. BATH, MARKUS, 1982, Atmospheric waves from Moum SCHULTZ, A.; BOOKER, J. R., 1981, Magnetotelluric St. Helens. study of Mt. St. Helens [abstract]. BOOKER, J. R.; AULD, D. R.; LAW, L. K., 1981, STEELE, W.K., 1981,Remanentmagnetizationofashfrom Geomagnetic induction data from Mt. St. Helens the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens.* [abstract]. STEELE, W. K .• 1983, A preliminary catalog ofremanem DAVIS, P. M.; PIERCE, D. R.; MCPHERRON, R. L.; magnetization directions from Mount St. Helens tephra DZURISIN, DANIEL; MURRAY, THOMAS; deposits [abstract]. JOHNSTON, M. J. S.; MUELLER, R. J., 1984, A TOWLE, J. N., 1982, Geomagnetic variations in the volcanomagnetic observation on Mount St Helens, Cascades [abstract]. Washington. TOWLE, J. N., 1983, VLF electromagnetic investigations DVORAK,J. J.; OKAMURA, A. T.; JOHNSTON, M. J. S.; of the crater and central dome of Mount St. Helens, MORTENSEN, C. E., 1981, Tiltmeter and magne­ Washington.' tometer measurements at Mount St Helens, Washington- 1980-1981 [abstract]. U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 1975, Aeromagnetic map for part of southwest.em Washington. DVORAK, J. J .; OKAMURA, A. T.; JOHNSTON, M. J. S.; U.S. GEOLOGICAL Sl!RVEY, 1981, Aeromagnetic map MORTENSEN, C. E.; MUELLER, R. J.; FURUKAWA, of the Mt. Margaret area, Washington. BRUCE, 1984, Tiltmeter and magnetometer measurements at Mount St Helens, Washington- U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 1981, Aeromagnetic map 1980-1981. of the Mt. St. Helens area, Washington. DZURISIN, DANIEL; DENLINGER, R. P., 1986, U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 1982, Aeromagnetic map Systematic changes in magnetic field intensity over the of Mt St Helens, Washington-Post May, 1980 growing lava dome at Mount St. Helens [abstract]. eruption. FINN, CAROL, 1985, A magnetic study of Mt. St. Helens, GEOPHYSICS - RADIOACTIVITY SURVEYS Washington [abstract]. FOUGERE, P. F.; TSACOYEANES, C. W., 1980, AFGL ANDREWS, V. E., 1981, Airborne radiological sampling magnetometer observations on Mount St. Helens of Mount St. Helens plwnes. eruption. BENNEIT, J. T.; KRISHNASWAMI, S.; TIJREKIAN, K. FRASER, D. C., 1983, Airborne electromagnetic surveys of K.; MELSON, W. G.; HOPSON, C. A., 1982, The the Cascade Range, western United States; with a preface uranium and thorium decay series nuclides in Mt. St. by D. B. Hoover. Helens effusives. HOBLIIT, R. P., 1978, Emplacement mechanisms of KRISHNASWAMI, S.; BENNEIT, J. T.; MONAGHAN, unsorted and unstratified deposits of volcanic rock debris M.; TIJREKIAN, K. K.; MELSON, W. G.; HOPSON, as determined from paleomagnetically-derived emplace­ C. A., 1981, Uraniwn and thorium decay series nuclide ment-temperature information.* concentrations in Mt St. Helens eruptives [abstract]. GEOPHYSICS· THERMAL SURVEYS 135

KURODA, P. K.; ESSIEN, I. 0.; SANDOVAL, D.-N., MALONE, S. D., 1986, Predicting eruptions of Mt St. 1984, Fallout of uranium isotopes from the 1980 eruption Helens using seismic means. of Mount St. Helens. MALONE, S. D.; ENDO, E. T.; WEA VER, C. S., 1980, LE CLOAREC, M. F.; , G.; LEROULLEY, J. Seismicity associated with the 1980 eruptions of Mount C.; ARDOUIN, B., 1986, Long-lived radon daughters in Saint Helens [abstract]. Mount St. Helens emissions-A size estimation of the MALONE, S. D.; WEAVER, C. S.; ENDO, E.T.; NOSON, magmatic reservoir. L. L., 1981, Seismic precursors to the eruptions of Mount LEIFER, R.; HINCHLIFFE,L.; FISENNE, l.; FRANKLIN, St. Helens [abstract]. H.; KNUTSON, E.; OLDEN, M.; SEDLACEK, W. A.; MCNUTI, S. R., 1981, Preliminary calculations of Mt. St. MROZ, E. J.; CAHILL, T., 1981, Measurements of the Helens b-values [abstract]. stratospheric plume from the Mount St. Helens eruption-Radioactivity and chemical composition. NOWACK, ROBERT; AKI, KEIITI, 1982, The Gaussian beam synthetic seismogram for 2-D inhomogeneous NEVISSI, A. E., 1984, Lead 210 and Polonium 210 in media-Testing and application [abstract). Mount St. Helens ash. NOWACK, ROBERT; AKI, KEIITI, 1984, The OGREN, J. A.; CHARLSON, R. J.; RADKE, L. F.; two-dimensional Gaussian beam synthetic method­ DOMONKOS, S. F., 1981, Absorption of visible Testing and application. radiation by aerosols in the volcanic plume of Mount St. Helens. WEAVER, C. S., 1976, Seismic events on Cascade volcanoes.* PETERSON, K. R., 1982, Deposition and dose from the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. WEAVER, C. S.; MALONE, S. D .. 1974, Glacier sources for low frequency seismic events recorded at Mount St PUESCHEL, R. F.; BARRETT, E.W.; STEARNS, L. S.; Helens, volcano [abstract]. WELLMAN, D. L., 1981, Physical and opticaV radiational properties of Mt St. Helens volcanic eruption WEA VER, C. S.; MALONE, S. D., 1975, Preliminary [abstract]. report-Seismic sources observed in glacier ice at Mt. St. Helens, Washington [abstract]. SOLDAT, J. K.; KATHREN, R. L.; CORLEY, J. P.; STRENGE, D. L., 1981, Radiation doses from Mount St WEAVER, C. S.; MALONE, S. D.; ENDO, E.T.; NOSON, Helens 18 May 1980 eruption. L. J ., 1980, Seismicity pattern of the Mount Saint Helens eruptive sequence [abstract]. WILLIAMS, R. W.; GILL,J. B.; BRULAND, K. W., 1983, Th and U decay series nuclides in historic arc lavas from GEOPHYSICS · THERMAL SURVEYS Java, Japan and Mt. St. Helens [abstract]. see also GEOPHYSICS - SEISMIC SURVEYS BLAST-THERMAL SURVEYS BAME, D. A., 1984, A source model for low frequency GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES volcanic eanhquakes. ENDO, E.T.; MALONE, S. D.; NOSON, L. L.; WEA VER, BANKS, N. G.; ClfITER, B. E., 1981, Temperature C. S., 1981, Seismicity of Mt St Helens 1980 to 1981 estimates of the 1980 directed blast of Mount St. Helens, [abstract]. Washington, U.S.A., from thermal effects on trees and ENDO, E. T.; WEAVER, C. S.; MALONE, S. D.; buried wood [abstract]. MlCHAELSON, C. A., 1980, Coda magnitudes of BANKS, N. G.; HOBLITT, R. P., 1981, Summary of eanhquakesassociated with the 1980eruptions of Mount temperature studies of 1980 deposits. Saint Helens [abstract]. BANKS, N. G.; HOBLITT, R. P., 1981, Temperature FREMONT, M. J.; MALONE, S. D., 1985, High precision studies of Mount St Helens deposits, 1980, Washington, relative locations of earthquakes at Mount St. Helens, U.S.A. [abstract]. Washington [abstract]. BARNES, IV AN; JOHNSTON, D. A.; EVANS, W. C.; LAWSON, JIM, 1980, Oklahoma observations of effects of PRESSER, T. S.; , R. H.; WHITE, L. D., May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St Helens. 1981, Properties of gases and of deep origin near LEAVER,D.; WEAVER, C. S., 1981,Refractionstudiesof Mount St. Helens. the Mt St Helens region [abstract]. BLACKWELL, D. D.; STEELE, J. L.; SCHUSTER, J.E.; KOROSEC, M. A., 1980, The regional thermal setting of the Mt. St. Helens volcano [abstract]. 136 GEOPHYSICS - THERMAL SURVEYS

DAVIS,M.J.;GRAEBER.E.J.;HARRAH,L.A.;HAYES, ITO, YOSHIRO; KAWAKAMI, CHIKATAKA; SAITO, D. B., 1980, Temperature estimates of May 18 eruption TERUO; ICHIKAWA, KO; HOSAKA, TETSUY A; of Mount SL Helens made from observations of material HIRINCHS, CLANCY, 1981, Temperature of crater of response [abstract]. Mount St. Helens on the 28th of July, 1980. DETHIER, D. P.; FRANK, D. G.; PEVEAR, D.R .• 1981, KIEFFER, H. H.; FRANK, D. G., 1980, Thermal infrared Preliminary chemical analysis of thermal waters at observations of Mt SL Helens, March-May 1980 Mount SL Helens, Washington [abstract]. [abstract]. FRIEDMAN, J. D .. 1982, Thermal energy at Mount St. K.IEttER, H. H.; FRANK, D. G.; FRIEDMAN, J. D., 1980, Helens [abstract]. Thermal infrared observations of Mt. St. Helens FRIEDMAN, J. D.; FRANK, D. G., 1977. Thermal [abstract]. surveillance of active volcanoes using the LANDS AT-1 KIEFFER, H. H.; FRANK. D. G.; FRIEDMAN, J. D., 1981 , data collection system; Pan III, Heat discharge from Thermal infrared surveys at Mount St Helens­ Mount SL Helens, Washington. Observations prior to the eruption of May 18. FRIEDMAN, J. D.; FRANK, D. G., 1981, Aerial infrared KIEFFER, H. H.; FRANK, D. G.; FRIEDMAN, J. D.; mapping of thermal activity at Cascade Range volcanoes SAWATZKY, D. L., 1984, Aerial infrared surveys at [abstract]. Mount SL Helens, Washington [abstract]. FRIEDMAN, J. D.; FRANK, D. G .; KIEFFER, H. H., 1980, KIEFFER,H. H.; FRIEDMAN,J.D.;FRANK,D. G., 1984, Infrared surveys of emerging dacite dome, Mount St. Thermal-infrared surveys, Cascades volcanoes Helens volcano, Washington, during June 1980 [abstract]. [abstract]. KOROSEC, M. A.; SCHUSTER, J.E., 1980, Pre-eruption FRIEDMAN, J. D.; FRANK, D. G.; KIEFFER, H. H.; geothermal assessment activities at Mount St. Helens, SAWATZKY, D. L., 1981, Thermal infrared surveys of Washington [abstract]. the May 18 crater, subsequent lava domes, and MELSON, W. G.; HOPSON, C. A., 1981, Preemption associated vol- canic deposits. temperatures and oxygen fugacities in _the 1980 eruptive FRIEDMAN, J. D.; OLHOEFT, G. R.; JOHNSON, G. R.; sequence. FRANK, D. G., 1980, Heat content and thermal energy PHILLIPS, K. N., 1941, Fumaroles of Mount SL Helens and equivalent of the June 1980 dacite dome at Mount St. Mount Adams. Helens, Washington [abstract]. RYAN, M.P.;BANKS,N.G.;HOBLIIT,R.P.;BLEVINS, FRIEDMAN, J. D.; OLHOEFT, G. R.; JOHNSON, G. R.; J. Y. K., 1981, Thermal structure of Mount SL Helens, FRANK, D. G., 1981, Heat content and thermal energy Washington, U.S.A., eruptive units; restoration of the of the June dacite dome in relation to total energy yield, emplacement temperatures and in-situ thermal May-October 1980. diffusivities [abstract]. FRIEDMAN, J. D.; OLHOEFT. G. R.; JOHNSON, G. R.; ST.LAWRENCE, W. F.; QAMAR, ANTHONY; MOORE, FRANK, D. G., 1984, Thermal energy yield of Mt St. J. N.; KENDRICK, GEORGE, 1980, A comparison of Helens [abstract]. thermal observations of Mount St. Helens before and GINSBERG, I. W., 1982, Thermal infrared imagery of I.he during the first week of the initial 1980 eruption. Cascade Range volcanics. WINNER, W. E.; CASADEVALL, T. J., 1981, Fir leaves HARDEE, H. C., 1981, Thermal propeny measurements in as thermometers during the May 18 eruption. a fresh pumice flow at Mt. St. Helens. HOBLIIT, R. P.; BANKS, N. G.; RY AN. M. P.; GEOPHYSICS - TILT SURVEYS ROSENBAUM, J. G.; DAVIS, M. J., 1980, BROWN, E. C., 1984, Tiltmeter analysis of Mount St. Emplacement temperatures of Mt. St. Helens eruptive Helens, Skamania County, Washington. products [abstract]. CHADWICK, W. W., JR.; SWANSON, D. A.; HOBLIIT, R. P.; KELLOGG, K. S., 1979, Emplacement 1W ATSUBO, E. Y .; HELIKER, C. C.; LEIGID...EY, T. temperatures of unsoned and unstratified deposits of A., 1983, Defoanation monitoring at Mount St. Helens volcanic rock debris as determined by paleomagnetic in 1981 and 1982. techniques.* DVORAK,J. J.; JOHNSTON, M. J. S.; OKAMURA, A. T., 1980, Tiluneter measurements on Mount SL Helens [abstract]. .. GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES 137

DVORAK,J.J.;OKAMURA,A.T.;JOHNSTON,M.J.S.; SWANSON, D. A.; LIPMAN, P. W.; MOORE, J. G.; MORTENSEN, C. E., 1981, Tiltmeter and magne­ HELIKER, C. C., 1980, Geodetic monitoring of Mount tometer measurements at Mount St Helens, St. Helens after the May 18, 1980 eruption [abstract]. Washington-1980-1981 [abstract]. DVORAK,J.J.;OKAMURA,A.T.;JOHNSTON,M.J.S.; GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES MORTENSEN,C.E.;MUELLER,R.J.;FURUKAWA, see also GEOPHYSICS - THERMAL BRUCE, 1984, Tiltmeter and magnetometer measure­ SURVEYS ments at Mount St. Helens, Washington-1980-1981. DVORAK, J. J.; OKAMURA, A. T.; MORTENSEN, C. E.; BEESON, M. H., 1981, Hydrothermal alteration in the JOHNSTON, M. J. S., 1981, Summary of electronic tilt C:,:;cades . studies at Mount St. Helens. • BLACKWELL, D. D.; STEELE, J. L.; SCHUSTER, J.E.; DZURISIN, DANIEL, 1982, Value of remote tilt monitor­ KOROSEC, M. A,, 1980, The regional thermal setting ing to eruption prediction at Mount St. Helens, of the Mt. St. Helens volcano [abstract]. Washington [abstract]. CLEMENT, W. V., 1985, Airborne video thermal DZURISIN, DANIEL, 1986, Recent eruptive act1V1ty, infrared-Detection of geothermal areas on Mount St. monitoring results and geophysical studies at Mount St. Helens, Washington. Helens, Washington [abstract]. DETHIER, D. P.; FRANK, D. G.; PEVEAR, D.R., 1981, DZURISIN, DANIEL; JOHNSON, D. J.; WESTPHAL, Preliminary chemical analysis of thermal waters at J. A., 1981, Ground tilts during two recent eruptions of Mount St Helens, Washington [abstract]. Mount St Helens, Washington [abstract]. GRADY, T.; BROWN, R. L.; ADAMS, E.; SATO, A., DZURISIN, DANIEL; WESTPHAL, J. A.; JOHNSON, 1982, An evaluation of heat flow and its geological D. J., 1982, Automatic tilt measurements in the crater at implications on Mt. St. Helens. Mount St Helens, Washington [abstract]. H0Uv1ES, JENNY; WAUGH, KATIIl..EEN, 1983, DZURISIN, DANIEL; WESTPHAL, J. A.; JOHNSON, Targeting geothermal exploration sites in the Mount St. D. J., 1983, Eruption prediction aided by electronic Helens area using soil mercury surveys.* tiltmeter data at Mount St. Helens. KIEFFER,H. H.;FRIEDMAN,J.D.;FRANK,D.G., 1984, IWATSUBO, E. Y.; SWANSON, D. A., 1986, Geodetic Thermal-infrared surveys, Cascades volcanoes monitoring and ground deformation at Mount St Helens, [abstract]. Washington [abstract]. KOROSEC, M.A., 1981, Geothermal implications of the JOHNSON, A.G., 1981, Tilt measurements near Mount St. Mount St Helens volcano [abstract]. Helens [abstract]. KOROSEC, M.A.; SCHUSTER, J.E., 1980, Geothermal JOHNSTON, M. J. S.; DVORAK, J. J., 1981, The assessment of Mount St Helens, Washington, 1979. implications of tilt and magnetometer measurements at KOROSEC, M. A.; SCHUSTER, J. E., 1980, Pre-eruption Mount St Helens, Washington-1980-1981 [abstract]. geothermal assessment activities at Mount St. Helens, LIPMAN,P. W.; MOORE,J. G.; SWANSON,D. A., 1980, Washington [abstract]. Bulging of the north flank of Mount St. Helens volcano PHILLIPS, K. N., 1941, Fumaroles of Mount St. Helens and before the 5/18 eruption-Geodetic data [abstract]. Mount Adams. LIPMAN,P. W.; MOORE,J. G.; SWANSON, D. A., 1981, SCHUSTER, J. E., 1981, A geothermal exploration Bulging of the north flank before the May 18 eruption­ philosophy for Mount St. Helens, (and other Cascade Geodetic data. volcanoes?). SWANSON, D. A., 1986, Measurements of ground THOMPSON,J. M.; WHITE,L. D.; CASADEV ALL, T.J.; deformation to forecast and predict eruptions [abstract]. MALEY, C. A.; KEITH, T. E. C., 1985, Hot springs SWANSON, D. A.; HOLCOMB, R. T., 1982, Forecasting depositing travertine at Mount St. Helens [abstract]. eruptions at Mount St Helens by monitoring ground deformation [abstract]. SWANSON, D. A.; HOLCOMB, R. T.; LIPMAN, P. W.; MOORE, J. G.; HELIKER, C. C.; IWATSUBO, E. Y., 1981, Monitoring ground deformation to forecast eruptions at Mount St. Helens [abstract]. 138 Gifford Pinchot National Forest • MARRON, J. K.; DAVIS, R. T., 1982, Event reponing on Gifford Pinchot National Forest Mount Saint Helens SNOTEL, flexibility for the future. Note: The 1980 eruption of Mount St Helens impacted PLUMMER, F. G., 1893, A diagonal moraine. much of the Gifford Pinchol National Forest (which TANGBORN, W. V.; LETTENMAIER, D. P., 1982, The includes most of Skamania County and the eastern pan impact of Mount St. Helens ash disposition on of Lewis County). See specific aspects, e. g., snowmelt.* DLAST W AITT, R B., JR.; PIERSON, T. C.; MACLEOD, N. S.; HYDROLOGY JANDA, R. J.; VOIGHT, BARRY; HOLCOMB, R. T., LAKES 1983, Eruption-triggered avalanche, flood, and lahar at MASS MOVEMENTS - AVALANCHES AND Mount St HelenS--1-Effects of winter snowpack. LANDSLIDES WEAVER, C. S., ' 1976, Seismic events on Cascade MASS MOVEMENTS - LAHARS AND volcanoes.• MUDFLOWS WEAVER, C. S.; MALONE, S. D., 1974, Glacier sources GLACIER AND SNOW SURVEYS for low frequency seismic events recorded at Mount St. Helens, volcano [abstract]. ANTOS, J. A.; ZOBEL, D. B.. 1982, Snowpack WEAVER, C. S.; MALONE, S. D., 1975, Preliminary modification of volcanic tephra effects on foresl report-Seismic sources observed in glacier ice at Mt. understory plants near Mount St Helens. St. Helens, Washington [abstract]. BROWN, B. E., 1981, Effect of ashfall on snowmelt rate at Paradise, Mount Rainier, Washington [abstract]. , see MINERAL RESOU~CES BRUGMAN, M. M., 1980, Response dynamics of glaciers Gravity surveys, see GEOPHYSICS - GRAVITY affected by the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. SURVEYS Helens [abstract). BRUGMAN, M. M., 1983, Glacio-volcanic interaction and GREEN RIVER isoLOpic composition of ice and runoff from Mount St. Helens [abstract]. COLLINS, B. D.; DUNNE, THOMAS; LEHRE, A. K., 1983, Erosion of tephra-covered hillslopes north of BRUGMAN, M. M., 1984, Resurgence of a beheaded Mount St Helens, Washington-May 1980-May 1981. glacier on Mount St Helens-Importance of water input in glacier fluctuations [abstract]. LEHRE, A. K.; COLLINS, B. D.; DUNNE, THOMAS, 1983, Post-eruption sediment budget for the North Fork BRUGMAN, M. M.; MEIER, M. F., 1981, Response of Toutle River drainage, June 1980-June 1981. glaciers to the eruptions of Mount St. Helens. LISLE, T. E.; LEHRE, A. K.; MARTINSON, H. A.; BRUGMAN. M. M.; POST, AUSTIN, 1981, Effects of MEYER, D. F.; NOLAN. K. M.; SMITH, R. D., 1983, volcanism on lhe glaciers of Mount St. Helens. Stream channel adjusLments after the 1980 Mount St. CROOK. A.G.; DAVIS, R. T.; MORELAND, R. E., 1981, Helens eruptions. Snow surveys and Mount Saint Helens. GUIDEBOOKS DAVIS, R. T.; MARRON, J. K.; CROOK, A. G., 1982, Effects of Mount St Helens eruptions on snowpack. see also DRIEDGER, C. L., 1980, The effects of ash thickness on snow and ftm ablation [abstract]. COWLITZ RIVER - GUIDEBOOKS STUDY GUIDES L., DRIEDGER, C. 1981, Effect of ash thickness on snow TOUTLE RIVER SYSTEM - GUIDEDOOKS ablation. GEHR, KEITII, 1967, Now they have names-The glaciers ARNOLD, SCOTT, 1984, Discovering Mount St. of Mt. St Helens. Helens-A guide to Mount SL Helens National Volcanic GRADY, T.; BROWN, R. L.; ADAMS, E.; SATO, A., Monument 1982, An evaluation of heat flow and its geological CARSON, R. J., 1980, Ground and aerial field trips to implications on Mt. St. Helens. Mount St Helens, Washington [abstract]. LAWRENCE, D. B., 1941, The "Floating Island" lava flow ELLIOTT. C. P., 1897, Mount St Helens. of Mt. St. Helens. HEALTH EFFECTS 139

FRI1Z, W. J.; FISK, L. H.; HARRISON, SYLVIA, 1982, BUSTAD, L. K., 1980, Biomedical effects of Mt. St. Helens Mount St Helens road log-A visit to the lower Toutle ash (bases for our evaluations of its consequences). and Cowlitz River drainages to observe the FARWELL, S. O.; GAGE, D. R.; JERNEGAN, M. F.; sedimentology, transported trees, and other effects of FELKEY, J. R., 1981, Inhalable particulate levels in mudflows resulting from the eruptions of May 1980, 18, northern Idaho from the initial eruptions of Mount St. and March 19, 1982. Helens. GILBERTSON, GORDON, 1980, A post eruption field trip. GAGE, D.R., 1981, Basic and applied projects in analytical GILCHRIST, F. G., 1954, G.S.O.C. field trip Lo Mount St. chemistry-I. The development of a sulfur specific Helens. detector for gas chromatography based on SOi GILE, KATHARINE, 1903, Mount St. Helens. fluorescences; II. The application of laser Raman spectrometry for the determination of quartz and HYDE, J. H.; GREELEY, RONALD, 1973, Geological cristobalite in Mount St. Helens volcanic ash. field trip guide, Mount St Helens lava tubes, Washington. GAGE,D.R.;JERNEGAN,M.F.;FARWELL,S.0., 1982, Characterization and quantification of inhalable INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR QUATER­ particulate volcanic ash from Mount St Helens.* NARY RESEARCH, 1965, Guidebook for field conference J, Pacific Northwest. GLASS, M.; CAMPBELL, J.; LACROIX, S.; MCDOWELL, M., 1986, Bacteriological water quality MAZAMA, 1903, The lava caves of Mt. SL Helens. of Mount St Helens impact zone, 1983 through February PARSONS, M. R., 1910, On Mount St Helens with the 1985 [abstract]. Mazamas. GREEN, F. H. Y.; VALLY ATHAN, VAL; MENTNECH, REAM, L. R., 1983, Northwest volcanoes, a roadside M. S.; TUCKER., J. H.; :MERCHANT, J. A., 1981, Is geologic guide. volcanic ash a pneumoconiosis risk? ROSS, E. L., 1903, First white woman on Mt St. Helens. MURPHY, S. A., 1981, Coping with stress following a SCHMJNKY, H. B., 1955, Trip Lo Lewis River and the lava natural disaster- The volcanic eruption of Mt St. tunnel.* Helens.* SHANE, SCOTT, 1985, Discovering Mount St. Helens-A SHORE, J. H.; TATUM, E. L.; VOLL:MER, W. M., 1986, guide to the National Volcanic Monument Mental health consequences of the Mount St Helens disaster. TILFORD, NORMAN; KENT, RICHARD, 1981, Mount St. Helens and the geology of Lewis and Toutle Rivers. TISON, D.L.; SEIDLER,R.J., 1983,Ecology and virulence ofLegionnaire's Disease bacteria in aquatic habitats near W AlTT, R. B., JR., 1984, Deposits and effects of Mt. St. Helens. devastating lithic pyroclastic density current from Mount St. Helens on 18 May 1980-Field guide for northeast U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, radial. 1980, Mount St Helens. U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT Hazards, see GEOLOGIC HAZARDS AGENCY, 1980, Air quality monitoring network for volcanic ash. HEAL TH EFFECTS U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ADAMS, B. K., 1980, Mt. St. Helens ash in the eyes of a AGENCY, 1980, Center for Disease Control (CPC) physician. community based health surveillance program (update). ADAMS, B. K., 1980, Summary of group discussion on U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT health aspects of Mt. St. Helens ashfall, July 9, 1980. AGENCY, 1980, Foodstuffs and volcanic ashfall. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 1980, Controversy erupts U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT over Mt St Helens ash. AGENCY, 1980, Health and medical update.* BERNSTEIN, R. S.; MCCAWLEY, M.A.; ATTFIELD, U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT M. D.; GREEN, F.; DOLLBERG, D. D.; BAXTER, P. AGENCY, 1980, Health surveys and analysis-Center J .; MERCHANT, J. A., 1982, Epidemiologic assessment for Disease Control (CDC-Surveillance program of the risk for adverse pulmonary effects from persistent (update). occupational exposures to Mount St. Helens volcanic ash U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT (teph.ra). AGENCY, 1980, Management approaches to dust BROWN, W. L., 1982, Areas of controversy. exposure control. 140 HEALTH EFFECTS

U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT BRANTLEY, STEVEN; TOPINKA, L. J., EDITORS, AGENCY, 1980, The nature of Mount St. Helen's ash. 1984, Volcanic studies at the U.S. Geological Survey's U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT David A. Johnston Cascades Volcano Observatory, AGENCY, 1980, Physical and chemical characteristics Vancouver, Washington. of the Mt. St. Helens deposits of May 18, 1980. BRUGMAN, M. M .. 1983, Glacio-volcanic interaction and U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT isotopic composition of ice and runoff from Mount St AGENCY, 1980, Precautions in handling volcanic ash. Helens [abstract). U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT DETIIIER, D. P.; FRANK, D. G.; PEVEAR, D.R., 1981, AGENCY, 1980, Protecting children from volcanic Chemistry of thermal waters and mineralogy of the new ash-related health hazards. deposits at Mount St Helens-A preliminary report. U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT THOMPSON, J.M.; WHITE, L. D.; CASADEV ALL, T. J.; AGENCY, 1980, Research into the free crystalline silica MALEY, C. A.; KEITH, T. E. C., 1985, Hot springs content of Mount SL Helens ash. depositing travertine at Mount SL Helens [abstract). VOLLMER, W. M.; BUIST, A. S.; JOHNSON, L. R.; HYDROLOGY-IMPACTSOFTHE MCCAMANT, L. E.; BERNSTEIN, R. S., 1986, ERUPTIONS Long-term effect of low level exposure tO volcanic ash on lung function. COLLIER. C.R.. 1980, Hydrologic effects.

History see CHRONOLOGY AND HISTORY COLLIER, C. R.; MCGAVOCK, E. H.; .tv!EYER, BEFORE 1980 WILLIAM, 1980, Hydrologic surveillance and investigation in Mt St. Helens area by Water Resources Human effects, see SOCIAL ASPECTS Division, U.S. Geological Survey [abstract). • COWLI'IZCOUNTYDEPARTMENTOFCOMMUNITY HYDROLOGY DEVELOP.tv!ENT, 1983, Toutle-Cowlitz watershed management plan. see also DATIA, BITHIN; LETIENMAIER, D. P.; BURGES, COWLITZ RIVER · HYDROLOGY S. J., 1983, Assessment of changes in storm and seasonal DEBRIS DAMS runoff response of watersheds impacted by Mt St. DREDGING Helens ash deposition. FLOOD HAZARDS ERICKSON, KAROL; LETIENMAIER, D. P.; BURGES, LAKE SEDIMENTS S. J .• 1980, Assessment of runoff response changes in the LAKES upper Cowlitz River basin related tO Mount St. Helens LIMNOLOGY ash deposition [abstract). RIVER MORPHOLOGY STREAM SEDIMENTS FAIRCHILD, L. H.; WIGMOSTA, M. S.; SMITH, J. D.; TOUTLE RIVER SYSTEM - HYDROLOGY DUNNE, THOMAS, 1982, Application of hydrographs constructed for the May 18, 1980 m udflows on the Tou tle see also River, Washington [abstract]. FLAHERTY, D. C., 1983, Mount St. Helens-The Names of rivers, creeks, and watersheds aftermath. GORDON, MEL; PROCTOR,GEORGE,CHAIR.tv!EN, BARNES, IV AN, 1985, Mineral-water reactions in 1980, The effects of the Mount St. Helens eruption on metamorphism and volcanism. water resources-A forum held June 12, 1980. BARNES, IV AN; JOHNSTON, D. A.; EVANS, W. C.; GREENE, E. A., 1982, Characterization and movement of PRESSER, T. S.; MARINER, R. H.; WHITE, L. D., Mount SL Helens tephra on a high mountain lake 1981, Properties of gases and waters of deep origin near watershed in northern Idaho. Mount St. Helens. HUI.L, A. N., 1982, Mount St Helens-Hydrologic BAROSS, J. A.; LILLEY, M. D.; GORDON, L. I., 1980, response by the National Weather Service and Microbially mediated production and consumption of subsequent aftereffects [abstract). trace gases including CH4, H2, and N20 in 78 degree C seep waters on Mt. St. Helens [abstract]. KING, L. G.; PETERSON, D. A., 1982, Surface irrigation as affected by ash from Mount St. Helens. HYDROLOGY - IMPACTS OF TlIE ERUPTIONS ON WATER QUALITY 141

MANGELSDORF,P.C.,JR.; SAYLES,F.L., 1984,Effect PUBLIC WORKS, 1981, Submersible pumps help quell of Mt St Helens ash on seawater [abstract]. damage from Mt. St. Helens mudflow. MARTINSON, H. A.; H.AM:MOND, H. E.; MAST, W.W.; SVINTH, DON, 1982, Effects on municipal and industrial MANGO, P. D., 1986, Channel geometry andhydrologic water supplies in Cowlitz County. data for six eruption-affected tributaries of the Lewis SWEET,H. R., 1981,Mt St Helens eruptive impacts to the River, Mount St. Helens, Washington, water years Toutle community ground water supply [abstract]. 1983-84. SWEET, H. R.; EDWARDS, J.E., 1983, Mount St. Helens MEIER, M. F.; CARPENTER, P. J.; JANDA, R. J., 1981, eruptive impacts to the Toutle Community ground-water Hydrologic effects of Mount St Helens' 1980 eruptions. supply. PETERSON, D. A., 1982, Effects of fine volcanic ash on U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT surface irrigation in central Washington. AGENCY, 1980, Volcanic ash and your water supply. POST, AUSTIN; MEIER, M. F.; COLLIER, C. R., 1980, U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT The eruptions of Mount St. Helens and their hydrologic AGENCY, 1980, Volcanic ash effects on municipal effects-An overview [abstract]. water supply and sewage treatment plants. PRUITT, J. R.; EDGREN, JIM; HAMNER, BOB; HAUGEN, GORDON; HOWES, STEVE; HYDROLOGY-IMPACTSOFTHE PATTERSON, PETE; STEWARD, JOHN; SWANK, ERUPTIONS ON WATER QUALITY JERRY, 1980, Mount St. Helens emergency watershed rehabilitation report. BONELLI,J. E.; TAYLOR,H. E., 1981, Impacts of Mount St. Helens eruption on hydrology and water quality. PRUITT, J. R.; EDGREN, JIM; HAMNER, BOB; HAUGEN, GORDON; HOWES, STEVE; STEWARD, BONELLI, J.E.; TAYLOR, H. E.; KLEIN, J.M., 1982, JOHN; SWANK, JERRY, 1981, Mount St. Helens Impact of Mount St. Helens eruption on hydrology and emergency watershed rehabilitation report-1981 water quality. follow-up. CAMPBELL, K. P.; JOHNSON, S. R.; SHULTERS, M. V.; CLIFTON, D. G., 1981, Mount St. WOLNIAKOWSKI, K. U., 1982, A pilot study of Helens volcanic-ash fall in the Bull Run watershed, potential phenolic contamination of fishes in the Oregon, March-June 1980.* Columbia River and tributaries in the vicinity of Mount St Helens; final report. TANGBORN, W. V.; LETTENMAIER, D. P., 1981, The impact of Mount St. Helens ash deposition on snowmelt. FUNK, W. H., 1980, Effects of ash fall out on eastern Washington lakes and the upper Spokane River. U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 1982, Hydrologic effects of Mount St. Helens eruption [abstract]. FUNK, W. H., 1980, Water quality and municipal operations discussion session summary. WAS HINGTON WATER NEWS, 1981, Effects of the Mt. St. Helens eruptions of water resources. HINDIN, ER VIN, 1982, Rendering ash contaminated water potable [abstract). VANONI, V. A., 1982, Comments on sedimentation problems resulting from the eruption of Mt St. Helens. HINDIN, ERVIN, 1983, Occurrence of organic compounds in water and stream sediments due to the Mt. SL Helens HYDROLOGY·IMPACTSOFTHE eruptions. ERUPTIONS ON MUNICIPAL WATER JUDAY, R. E.; KELLER, E. J., 1984, Effect of ash fallout SYSTEMS on water quality in western Montana; final report. COPLEN, L. E., 1981, A Mt. St. Helens story-The KLEIN, J. M., 1981, Some effects of the May 18 eruption aftermath at Longview. of Mount St. Helens on river-water quality. DAY, T. G.; FISHER, J.E., 1980, Mt St. Helens-How a KLEIN, J.M., 1984, Some chemical effects of the Mount wastewater plant coped with its aftermath. St. Helens eruption on selected streams in the State of Washington. FUNK, W. H., 1980, Water quality and municipal operations discussion session summary. KLEIN, J.M.; TAYLOR, H. E., 1980, Mount St. Helens Washington, 1980 volcanic eruption; Part TI, Chemical KISH, T., 1980, Mt. St. Helens' effects on Washington's variations in surface waters affected by volcanic activity treatment plants. [abstract]. NIELSON, LYMAN, 1980, Water quality and municipal water supply. 142 HYDROLOGY - IMPACTS OF TIIE ERUPTIONS ON WATER QUALITY

LARSON, D. W.; U'REN, S. C., 1982, Effects of debris JILLSON, W.R., 1917, New evidence of a recent volcanic retaining structures on water quality of the Toutle River, eruption on Mt. SL Helens, Washington. Washington. JILLSON, W. R., 1921, Physiographic effects of the MCKNIGHT, D. M.; PEREIRA, W. E.; CEAZAN, M. L., volcanism of Mt. St. Helens. 1982, Characterization of dissolved organic materials in LAURENCE. D. B., 1961, The Mt SL Helens "Floating surface waters within the blast zone of Mount SL Helens, Island". Washington. LAWRENCE, D. B., 1941, The "Floating Island" lava flow MOORE, P. A.; REESE, J. R., 1982, Sediment physical and of Mt. St. Helens. chemical analyses on the Cowlitz and Columbia River subsequent to I.he 18 May 1980 ML St. Helens eruption. LEEMAN, W. P.; SMITH, D. R., 1982, Petrology of Quaternary volcanic rocks from Mount St. Helens and NAMMAH, H. A., 1983, Effect of Mount St. Helens ash on vicinity [abstract). soil erosion and water quality. LUEDKE, R. G.; SMITH, R. L.; RUSSELL-ROBINSON, PEREIRA, W. E.; ROSTAD, C. E.; TAYLOR, H. E.; S. L., 1983, Map showing distribution, composition, and KLEIN, J. M., 1982, Characterization of organic age of late Cenozoic volcanoes and volcanic rocks of the contaminants in environmental samples associated with Cascade Range and vicinity, northwestern United States. Mount St. Helens 1980 volcanic eruption. VERHOOGEN, JEAN, 1936, Geology of Mount SL Helens, RIEDEL, G. R.; WILSON, S. L.; HOLTON, R. L., 1984, Washington. Trace metals in the Columbia River estuary following I.he 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. VERHOOGEN, JEAN, 1937, Mount SL Helens- A recent Cascade volcano. SIEBENMANN, K. F., 1982, Potential for groundwater contamination by phenols and P AH adsorbed onto WOLFE, J. A., 1961, Age of the Keechelus andesitic series Mount SL Helens ash/sediments. of I.he Cascade Range, Washington.

TURNEY, G. L.; KLEIN, J. M, 1982, IGNEOUS PETROLOGY (1980 AND POST 1980) Surface-water-quality data from selected sites in Washington affected by Mount St. Helens ANDERSON, S. W.; FINK, J. H., 1986, Rate-dependent eruptions-March 27-September 30, 1980. formation of textures in the Mount St Helens lava dome WAGNER, RICHARD; WALKER, R. B., 1986, Mineral [abstract). nutrient availability in some Mount St. Helens surface CRISWELL, C. W., 1984, Depositional facies of the May samples. 18, 1980 pumiceous pyroclastic-flow deposits at Mount WASHINGTON WA1ER RESEARCH CENTER, 1982, St. Helens [abstract). Proceedings from I.he conference, Mt St. LOGAN, R. L. (JOSH), 1981, Some petrographic Helens-Effects on water resources; held October 7-8, characteristics of pumice from the 1980 Mount St. 1981, Jantzen Beach, Oregon. Helens pyroclastic flows. WHI1E, A. F.; BENSON, L. V.; PERRY, D. L., 1981, The MELSON, W. G.; HOPSON, C. A., 1982,Petrologic model influence of weathering of Mt. St Helens ash on the of the 1980-82 Mt. SL Helens magma chamber chemistry of a small watershed, Iron Creek, Washing ton [abstract]. [abstract). PAINE,J. G., 1982, Crustal structure of volcanic arcs based IGNEOUS PETROLOGY (IlEFORE 1980) on physical properties of andesites, volcaniclastic rocks, and inclusions in the Mt. St. Helens lava dome. BROGAN, P. F., 1952, Lava now on St. Helens believed WOHL, E. E.; NEAL, C. A., 1983, Frost shattering of relatively new. pumice [abstract]. CRANDELL, D. R.; MULLINEAUX, D. R., 1973, Pine Creek volcanic assemblage at Mount St. Helens, IGNEOUS PETROLOGY - GEOCHEMISTRY Washington. (IlEFORE 1980) BOBLITT, R. P., 1984, Pre-1980 eruptions of Mount St. COOMBS, H. A., 1960, Catalogue of the active volcanoes Helens, Washington [abstract). and solfatara fields of I.he United States of America-Mt. HYDE, J. H., 1973, Late Quaternary volcanic stratigraphy, St. Helens. south flank of Mount St. Helens, Washington.* IGNEOUS PETROLOGY - GEOCHEMISTRY (1980 AND POST 1980) 143

CRANDELL, D. R.; MULLINEAUX, D.R.; RUBIN, SMITH, D. R.; MATSUHISA, Y.; KURASAWA, H.; MEYER; SPIKER, ELLIOIT; KELLEY, M. L., 1981, LEEMAN, W. P., 1983, Oxygen and strontium isotopic Radiocarbon dates from volcanic deposits at Mount St variations in Mount St. Helens eruptive products Helens, Washington. [abstract]. DRORY, ALISA; ULMER, G. C., 1974, Oxygen fugacity WES1RICH, H. R.; EICHELBERGER, J. C., 1981, determinations for Cascadian andesites [abstract]. Volatile content and degassing behavior of silicic tephra GARCIA, M. 0., 1977, Crystal clots, amphibole and lava [abstract). fractionation, and the evolution of calc-alkaline magmas WOLFE, S. P.; BORNHORST, T. J.; ROSE, W. I., JR., [abstract]. 1984, Abundance of gold and silver in fresh Quaternary GARCIA, M. 0 .; JACOBSON, S. S., 1979, Crystal clots, calc-alkalic andesites [abstract]. amphibole fractionation and the evolution of IGNEOUS PETROLOGY - GEOCHEMISTRY calc-alkaline magmas. (1980 AND POST 1980) HAMMOND, P. E.; KOROSEC, M.A., 1983, Geochemical analyses, age dates, and flow-volume estimates for CASHMAN, K. V.; MARSH, B. D., 1986, Crystal size Quaternary volcanic rocks, southern Cascade distributions (CSDs) and crystallization of Mt St. Helens Mountains, Washington. 1980-1986 dacite [abstract]. HOBLIIT, R. P .; CRANDELL, D.R.; MULLINEAUX, D. CASHMAN,K. V.;TAGGART,J.E.,JR., 1982,Petrology R., 1980, Mount St. Helens eruptive behavior during the of the 1981-1982 eruptive products of Mt. St Helens, past 1,500 yr. Washington [abstract). HOBLIIT, R. P.; KELLOGG, K. S., 1979, Emplacement CASHMAN,K. V.;TAGGART,J.E.,JR., 1983,Petrologic temperatures of unsorted and unstratified deposits of monitoring of 1981 and 1982 eruptive products from volcanic rock debris as determined by paleomagnetic Mount St. Helens. techniques. DETiilER, D. P.; FRANK, D. G.; PEVEAR, D.R., 1981, HOPSON, C. A., 1971, Cyclic eruption pattern at Mount St. Chemistry of thermal waters and mineralogy of the new Helens, Wash. [abstract]. deposits at Mount St Helens-A preliminary report. HOPSON, C. A., 1971, Eruptive sequence at Mount St. DETiilER, D. P.; PEVEAR, D. R.; FRANK, D. G., 1981, Helens, Washington [abstract). Alteration of new volcanic deposits. HOPSON, C. A., 1972, Origin of coherent and divergent RJKUY AMA, IDRO; SYKES, M. L.; HOLLOWAY, J. R., lava suites at Quaternary andesitic volcanoes, Cascade 1981, Pre-eruption H20 content of 1980 Mt. St. Helens Mountains [abstract). dacite [abstract]. KRISHNASW A.MI, S.; TIJREKIAN, K. K.; BENNEIT, HALLIDAY, A. N.; FALLICK, A. E.; DICKIN, A. P.; 23 238 J. T., 1984, The behaviorof 2nt and U decay chain MACKENZIE, A. B.; STEPHENS, W. E.; HILDRETH, nuclides during magma formation and volcanism. W., 1983, The isotopic and chemical evolution of Mount MOORE, H. J.; ARTHUR, D. W. G.; SCHABER, G. G., St. Helens. 1978, Yield strengths of flows on the Earth, Mars, and HARNEY, THOMAS, 1980, Mount St. Helens' past gives . inkling of the future. PALLISTER,J. S.; HOBLIIT,R.P., 1985,Magma mixing HELIKER, C. C., 1985, Inclusions in the 1980-83 dacite of at Mount St. Helens (abstract]. Mount St Helens, Washington [abstract). * SMITH, D.R., 1984, The petrology and geochemistry of HOBLIIT, R. P.; BANKS, N. G.; RYAN, M. P.; high Cascade volcanics in southern Washington­ ROSENBAUM, J. G.; DAV IS, M. J., 1980, Mount St. Helens volcano and the Indian Heaven basalt Emplacement temperatures of Mt. St. Helens eruptive field.* products [abstract]. SMITH, D.R.; LEEMAN, W. P., 1982, Petrochemistry of HOBLIIT, R. P.; KELLOGG, K. S., 1976, Emplacement pre-1980 volcanic rocks of Mount St. Helens [abstract]. temperatures of unsorted and unstratified deposits of SMITH, D. R.; LEEMAN, W. P., 1985, Evidence against volcanic rock debris as determined by paleomagnetic crystal fractionation in the generation of Mount St. techniques [abstract). Helens dacites [abstract]. IRVING, A. J., 1986, Petrology and chemical composition of St Helens magma. 144 IGNEOUS PETROLOGY - GEOCHEMISTRY (1980 AND POST 1980)

IRVIN'G,A.J.;RHODES,J. M.; SPARKS,J. W., 1980,Mt. RAEDEKE, L. D.; MATIIEZ, E. A.; IRVlNG, A. J., 1980, St. Helens lava dome, pyroclastic flow and ash Mt. St. Helens lava dome-Pctrography and mineral samples-Major and trace element chemistry [abstract]. chemistry [abstract). KURASAWA, H.; LEEMAN, W. P.; SMITII, D.R., 1982, RUSSELL-ROBIN'SON, S. L.; SMITII, R. L., 1983, Mount Sr isotopic studies of Mount St Helens volcano St. Helens-Minor-element variation of pumices and [abstract]. dome rocks from 1980 to 1982 [abstract]. LIPMAN, P. W.; NORTON, D.R.; TAGGART, J. E., JR.; RUTHERFORD, M.J.; DEVlNE,JOE, 1986,Experimental BRANDT, E. L.; ENGLEMAN, E. E., 1981, petrology of recent Mount St Helens dacites­ Compositional variations in 1980 magmatic deposits. Amphibole, Fe-Ti oxides and magmas chamber LIPMAN, P. W.; SWANSON, D. A., 1981, Compositional conditions [abstract]. variations in magmatic deposits from Mount SL Helens, RUTHERFORD, M. J.; SIGURDSSON, HARALDUR; Washington, 1980-1981 [abstract). CAREY, S. N., 1984, The May 18 eruption of Mount St. LOG AN, R. L. (JOSH), 1981, Physical characteristics of the Helens- Melt composition and experimental phase Mount St Helens pyroclastic flow deposits [abstract]. equilibria [abstract). LOGAN, R. L., 1983, Temporal trends in the geochemistry RUTHERFORD, M. J.; SIGURDSSON, HARALDUR; and petrology of the Mount St Helens pyroclastic flow CAREY, S. N.; DAVIS, ANDREW, 1985, The May 18, deposits. 1980, eruption of Mount St Helens; 1, Melt composition and experimental phase equilibria. MELSON, W. G., 1983, Monitoring the 1980-1982 eruptions of Mount St. Helens-Compositions and SMITH, D. R., 1984, The petrology and geochemistry of abundances of glass. high Cascade volcanics in southern Washingt0n­ Mount St. Helens volcano and the Indian Heaven basalt MELSON, W. G.; HOPSON, C. A., 1981, Preeruption field.• temperatures and oxygen fugacities in the 1980 eruptive sequence. SWANSON, D. A.; CASADEV ALL, T. J.; DZURISIN, DANIEL; MALONE, S. D.; NEWHALL, C. G.; MELSON, W. G.; HOPSON, C. A., 1982, Petrologic model WEA VER, C. S., 1983, Predicting eruptions at Mount of the 1980-82 Mt St Helens magma chamber [abstract]. St. Helens, June 1980 through December 1982. TUREK.IAN, K. K., 1982, The use of natural radionuclides MERZBACHER, C. I., 1983, Water-saturated and under­ as chronometers of volcanic processes-The Mt. St. saturated phase relations of the Mount St. Helens dacite Helens experiment [abstract). magma erupted on May 18, 1980, and an estimate of the pre-eruptive water content. WILLIAMS, R. W.; GILL,J. B.; BRULAND, K. W., 1983, Th and U decay series nuclides in historic arc lavas from MERZBACHER, C. I.; EGGLER, D. H., 1983, Mount St. Java, Japan and Mt. St. Helens [abstract]. Helens dacite magmas ofMay 18, 1980-Phaserelations and water content [abstract]. WOLFE, S.P., 1984,Au and Ag content in fresh Quaternary calc-alkalic andesites. MERZBACHER, C. I.; EGGLER, D. H., 1984, A magmatic geohygrometer-Application to Mount St Helens and IGNEOUS PETROLOGY - PHYSICAL other dacitic magmas. MEASUREMENTS MURASE, TSUTOMU; MCBIRNEY, A. R.; MELSON, W. G ., 1985, Viscosity of the dome of Mount St Helens. BANKS, N. G.; HOBLITT, R. P., 1981, Summary of temperature studies of 1980 deposits. NEWMAN, S.; FINKEL, R. C.; MACDOUGALL, J. D., 238 23 1981, U- °To systematics of young volcanics BENNETT, J. T.; KRISHNASW AMI, S.; TUREKIAN, K. [abstract). K.; MELSON, W. G.; HOPSON, C. A., 1982, The uranium and thorium decay series nuclides in Mt. St. PEVEAR, D. R.; DETHIER, D. P.; FRANK, D. G., 1980, Helens effusives. Thennal and hydrothennal alteration of new volcanic deposits at Mt. St Helens, Washington [abstract). HOBLITT, R. P., ~978, Emplacement mechanisms of unsorted and unstratified deposits of volcanic rock debris PEVEAR, D.R.; DETHIER, D. P.; FRANK, D. G., 1982, as determined from paleomagnetically-derived emplace­ 1980 Mt St. Helens eruption-Clay minerals and ment-temperature infonnation. early-stage alteration. * Lakes - Co .. Wash. 145

HOBLlTI, R. P.; BANKS, N. G.; RY AN, M. P.; LAKE SEDIMENTS ROSENBAUM, J. G.; DAVIS, M. J., 1980, Emplace­ ment temperatures of Mt. St. Helens eruptive products ANDERSON,R. Y.; NUHFER, E. B.; DEAN, W. E., 1984, [abstract}. Sinking of volcanic ash in uncompacted sediment in HOBLITT, R. P.; KELLOGG, K. S., 1979, Emplacement Williams Laice, Washington. temperatures of unsorted and unstratified deposits of ANDERSON,R. Y.;NUHFER,E. B.;DEAN, W.E., 1985, volcanic rock debris as determined by paleomagnetic Sedimentation in a blast-zone lake at Mount St. Helens, techniques.* Washington-Implications for varve formation. KUNTZ, M. A.; ROWLEY, P. D.; MACLEOD, N. S.; ANDERSON, R. Y.; NUHFER, E. B.; DEAN, W. E.; REYNOLDS, R. L.; MCBROOME, L. A.; KAPLAN, DELMASTRO, G. A., 1984, Sedimentology of Mt. St. A. M.; LID KE, D. J ., 1981, Petrography and particle-size Helens tephra at Merrill, Soap, and Williams Lakes, distribution of pyroclastic-flow, ash-cloud, and surge Washington, USA [abstract]. deposits. CRAWFORD, B. A., 1986, Recovery of game fish PAINE, J. G.; CHRISTENSEN, N. I., 1981, Crustal populations impacted by the May 18, 1980 eruption of structure in southwestern Washington-Implications Mount St. Helens; Part II, Recovery of surviving fish from wave velocities in Mount St Helens lava inclusions populations within the lakes in the Mount Saint Helens [abstract]. National Volcanic Monument and adjacent areas. REDA, D. C.; , G. R., 1986, Saturated DAVIS, P. T., 1982, Tephrochronology, Davis Lake, permeability measurements on pumice and welded­ southwest Washington [abstract]. tuffaceous materials.* DAVIS, P. T.; SARNOSKY, C. W.; STUIVER, MINZE, RYAN,M.P.;BANKS,N.G.;HOBLITT,R.P.;BLEVINS, 1982, A 20,000 yr record of volcanic ashfalls, Davis J. Y. K., 1981, Thermal structure of Mount St Helens, Lake, southwestern Washington [abstract]. Washington, U.S.A., eruptive units; restoration of the DUNBAR,N. W.;DAVIS,P. T.; MAROTTA, D. A., 1983, emplacement temperatures and in-situ thermal Wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis of diffusivities [abstract}. Cascade Range tephras in Jake sediments, SW INDIAN HEAVEN AREA Washington [abstract). REUSSER, C. J.; HEUSSER, L. E., 1980, Sequence of SMITH, D.R., 1984, The petrology and geochemistry of pumiceous tephra layers and the late Quaternary high Cascade volcanics in southern Washington­ environmental record near Mount St. Helens. Mount St. Helens volcano and the Indian Heaven basalt PEREIRA, W. E.; ROSTAD, C. E.; TAYLOR, H. E.; field.• KLEIN, J. M., 1982, Characterization of organic Insects, see IlIOLOGY - FAUNA - contaminants in environmental samples associated with TERRESTRIAL Mount St. Helens 1980 volcanic eruption. WISSMAR, R. C., 1982, Limnological features of lakes IRON CREEK within the 18 May 1980 Mount St. Helens blast zone.

WHITE, A. F.; BENSON, L. V.; PERRY, D. L., 1981, The Lake Washington, see LAKES · LAKE influence of weathering of Mt St. Helens ash on the WASHINGTON chemistry of a small watershed, Iron Creek, Washington [abstract]. Lakes - Biological aspects, see LIMNOLOGY WHITE, A. F.; BENSON, L. V.; YEE, ANDY, 1986, Chemical weathering of the May 18, 1980, Mount St. LAKES - BUMPING LAKE Helens ash fall and the effect on the Iron Creek FAULCONER, LEE; MONGILLO, PAUL, 1981, Effects watershed, Washington. of Mt. St. Helens ashfall on three 1rout streams and KALAMA RIVER VALLEY Bumping Lake in the Yakima Basin, Washington. Lakes - Clark Co., Wash., see LAKES - HYDE, J. H., 1970, Geologic setting of Merrill Lake and FARGHER LAKE evaluation of volcanic hazards in the Kalama River valley near Mount St Helens, Washington.

Lake Lenore, see LAKES · LAKE LENORE 146 LAKES - COLDWATER LAKE

LAKES - COLDWATER LAKE LAKES· FARGHER LAKE

ANDERSON,R. Y.;NUHFER,E.B.;DEAN, W.E., 1985, REUSSER, C. J.; HEUSSER, L. E., 1980, Sequence of Sedimentation in a blast-zone lake at Mount St.- Helens, pumiceous tephra layers and the late Quaternary Washington-Implications for varve formation. environmental record near ti· ount St. Helens. MCKNIGHT, D. M.; KLEIN, J. M.; WISSMAR, R. C., 1984, Changes in the organic material in lakes in the blast LAKES · FAWN LAKE zone of Mount SL Helens, Washington. DION, N. P.; EMBREY, S.S., 1981, Effects of Mount St :MEYER, WILLIAM; SABOL, M. A.; SCHUSTER, R. L., Helens eruption on selected lakes in Washington. 1986, Landslide dammed lakes at Mount St. Helens, Washington. LAKES · FINDLEY LAKE S1'.1ITH, M.A.; WHITE, M. J., 1985, Observations on lakes DAHLGREN, RANDY, 1984, Impact of tephra near Mount SL Helens-Phytoplankton. penurbations on a forest soil in the Abies amabilis zone. LAKES - COWLITZ CO., WASH. GIBSON, FLASH; HANEGAN, J. L., 1982, Mount St. Helens-Its affects [sic] on the invertebrates of a small see also eastern Washington pond [abstract]. LAKES - COLDWATER LAKE Lakes . Geochemistry, see LIMNOLOGY LAKES ·FAWN LAKE LAKES · MCBRIDE LAKE Lakes - Grant Co., Wash. LAKES-MERRILL LAKE LAKES · SILVER LAKE see

CARPENTER, P. J., 1982, New lakes of North Fork Toutle LAKES · LAKE LENORE River-Mount SL Helens. LAKES · SOAP LAKE CRAWFORD, B. A., 1986, Recovery of game fish Lakes · King Co., Wash, see LAKES - LAKE populations impacted by the May 18, 1980 eruption of WASIDNGTON Mount St. Helens; Part II, Recovery of surviving fish populations within the lakes in the Mount Saint Helens LAKES - LAKE LENORE National Volcanic Monument and adjacent areas. EDMONDSON, W. T.; LITT, A. H., 1984, Mt. St. Helens DAHM, C. N.; BAROSS, J. A.; LILLEY, M. D.; WARD, ash in lakes in the lower Grand Coulee, Washington A. K.; SEDELL, J. R., 1982, Lakes in the blast zone of State.* Mt. St. Helens-Chemical and microbial responses following the May 18, 1980 eruption. LAKES - LAKE WASHINGTON EMBREY, S. S.; DION, N. P., 1982, Effects of Mt. SL Helens eruption on nearby lakes in Washington DAVIS, P. T., 1982, Tephrochronology, Davis Lake, [abstract]. southwest Washington [abstract].*

WISS MAR, R. C., 1981, Dissolved organics and pH in lakes Lakes - Lewis Co., Wash., see LAKES - DA VIS within Mt. St. Helens blast zone [abstract]. LAKE WISSMAR, R. C., 1982, Limnological features of lakes within the 18 May 1980 Mount St Helens blast zone. LAKES - MCBRIDE LAKE WISSMAR, R. C.; DEVOL, A. H.; NEVISSI, A. E.; SMITH, M.A.; WHITE, M. J., 1985, Observations on lakes SEDELL, J. R., 1982, Chemical changes of lakes within near Mount St Helens-Phytoplankton. the Mount St. Helens blast zone. LAKES - MERRILL LAKE LAKES · DA VIS LAKE ANDERSON, R. Y.; NUHFER, E. B.; DEAN, W. E.; DAVIS, P. T., 1982, Tephrochronology, Davis Lake, DELMASTRO, G. A., 1984, Sedirnentology of Mt. St. southwest Washington [abstract].* Helens tephra at Merrill, Soap, and Williams Lakes, DA VIS, P. T.; BARNOSKY, C. W.; STUIVER, MINZE, Washington, USA [abstract). 1982, A 20,000 yr record of volcanic ashfalls, Davis Lake, southwestern Washington [abstract]. LAKES· SOUTH FORK CASTLE CREEK LAKE 147

HYDE, J. H .• 1970, Geologic setting of Merrill Lake and BOLDING, DICK, 1981, Surviving the blast. evaluation of volcanic hazards in the Kalama River CRAWFORD, B. A., 1986, Recovery of game fish valley near Mount St Helens, Washington. populations impacted by the May 18, 1980 eruption of LAKES· META LAKE Mount St Helens; Part II, Recovery of surviving fish populations within the lakes in the Mount Saint Helens SMITH, M.A.; WlllTE, M. J., 1985, Observations on lakes National Volcanic Monument and adjacent areas. near Mount St Helens-Phytoplankton. DION, N. P.; EMBREY, S. S., 1984, Effects of 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens on selected lakes in LAKES· NORTH COLDWATER LAKE Washington [abstract). DAHM, C. N.; BAROSS, J. A.; LILLEY, M. D.; WARD, MCKNIGHT, D. M.; PEREIRA, W. E.; CEAZAN, M. L., A. K.; SEDELL, J. R., 1982, Lakes in the blast zone of 1982, Characterization of dissolved organic materials in Mt. St. Helens-Chemical and microbial responses surface waters within the blast zone of Mount St Helens, following the May 18, 1980 eruption. Washington. EMBREY, S. S.; DION, N. P., 1982, Effects of Mt. SL WISS MAR, R. C., 1981, Dissolved organics and pH in lakes Helens erupt.ion on nearby lakes in Washington within Mt. St. Helens blast zone [abstract]. [abstract]. WISSMAR, R. C., 1982, Limnological features of lakes within the 18 May 1980 Mount St Helens blast zone. LAKES ·RYAN LAKE W1SSMAR, R. C.; DEVOL, A. H.; NEVISSI, A. E.; DAHM, C. N.; BAROSS, J. A.; LILLEY, M. D.; WARD, SEDELL, J. R., 1982, Chemical changes of lakes within A. K.; SEDELL, J. R., 1982, Lakes in the blast zone of the Mount St. Helens blast zone. Mt. St. Helens-Chemical and microbial responses WISSMAR, R. C.; DEVOL, A. H.; STALEY, J. T.; following the May 18, 1980 eruption. SEDELL, J. R., 1982, Biological responses of lakes in DAHM, C. N.; BAROSS, J. A.; WARD, A. K.; LILLEY, the Mount St Helens blast zone. M. D.; SEDELL, J. R., 1983, Initial effects of the Mount St. Helens erupt.ion on nitr0gen cycle and related LAKES - SOAP LAKE chemical processes in Ryan Lake. ANDERSON, R. Y.; NUHFER, E. B.; DEAN, W. E.; LAKES-ST.HELENSLAKE DELMASTRO, G. A., 1984, Sedirnentology of Mt St. Helens tephra at Merrill, S,bap, and Williams Lakes, Washington, USA [abstract).~ . DION, N. P.; EMBREY, S. S., 1981, Effects of Mount St. Helens eruption on selected lakes in Washington. LAKES · SOUTH FORK CASTLE CREEK LAKE MCKNIGHT, D. M.; KLEIN, J. M.; WISSMAR, R. C., 1984, Changes in the organic material in lakes in the blast DAHM, C. N.; BAROSS, J. A.; LILLEY, M. D.; WARD, zone of Mount St Helens, Washington. A. K.; SEDtLL, J. R., 1982, Lakes in the blast zone of Mt. St. Helens-Chemical and microbial responses LAKES · SIL VER LAKE following the May 18, 1980 eruption. PEREIRA, W. E.; ROSTAD, C. E.; TAYLOR, H. E.; EMBREY, S. S.; DION, N. P., 1982, Effects of Mt. St. KLEIN, J. M., 1980, Characterization of organic Helens eruption on nearby lakes in Washington contaminants in environmental samples associated with [abstract). Mount St. Helens, 1980 volcanic eruption. MEYER, WILLIAM; SABOL, M. A.; SCHUSTER, R. L., 1986, Landslide dammed lakes at Mount St. Helens, LAKES · SKAMANIA CO., WASH. Washington. see also SMITH, M.A.; WlllTE, M. J., 1985, Observations on lakes near Mount St Helens-Phytoplankton. LAKES · COLDWATER LAKE S?v:llTH, W. K.; SCH{)STER, R. L.; SABOL, M.A., 1984, LAKES · MET A LAKE Stabilizing natural dams formed by the 1980 debris LAKES · RYAN LAKE avalanche on Mount St. Helens [abstract). LAKES · ST.HELENS LAKE LAKES - SOUTH FORK CASTLE CREEK LAKE LAKES · SPIRIT LAKE 148 LAKES -SPIRIT LAKE

LAKES · SPIRIT LAKE PARSONS, M. R.; BEACH, G. L.; KEENAN, B. L.; ROSENFELD, C. L., 1983, Drainage development in the COFFIN, H. G., 1983, Comment and reply on 'Erect lahar blockage area, Mt. St Helens, Washington floating stumps in Spirit Lake, Washington'; Reply. [abstract]. COFFIN, H. G., 1983, Erect floating stumps in Spirit Lake, PEREIRA, W. E.; ROSTAD, C. E.; TAYLOR, H. E.; Washington. KLEIN, J. M, 1980, Characterization of organic contaminants in environmental samples associated with COFFIN, H. G., 1983, Mount St Helens and Spirit Lake. Mount St. Helens, 1980 volcanic eruption. DAHM, C. N.; BAROSS, J.B.; LILLEY, M. D.; WARD, SAGER, J. W.; CHA1v03ERS, D. R., 1986, Design and A. K.; SEDELL, J. R., 1981, Microbial and chemical construction of the Spirit Lake outlet tunnel, Mount St. responses of lakes in the blast zone of Mt St. Helens, Helens, Washington. 1980 and 1981 [abstract). SAGER, J. W.; GRIFFITHS, J. B.; FARGO, N. J., 1984, DAHM, C. N.; BAROSS, J. A.; LILLEY, M. D.; WARD, Spirit Lake outlet tunnel. A. K.; SEDELL, J. R., 1982, Lakes in the blast zone of Mt. St. Helens-Chemical and microbial responses SIKONIA, W. G., 1985, Impact on the Columbia River of following the May 18, 1980 eruption. an outburst of Spirit Lake. DION, N. P.; EMBREY, S.S., 1981, Effects of Mount St SMITH, M. A.; WHITE, M J ., 1985, Observations on lakes Helens eruption on selected lakes in Washington.* near Mount St Helens-Phytoplankton. EMBREY, S. S.; DION, N. P., 1982, Effects of Mt. St. SWIFT, C.H., III; KR.ESCH, D. L., 1983, Mudflow hazards Helens eruption on nearby lakes in Washington along the Toutle and Cowlitz Rivers from a hypothetical [abstract}. failure of Spirit Lake blockage. FRI1Z, W. J., 1983, Comment and reply on 'Erect floating U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, 1984, Alternative stumps in Spirit Lake, Washington'; Comment. strategies for a permanent outlet for Spirit Lake near Mount St Helens, Washington; final environmental HALLIDAY, W. R., 1983, Further observations on the impact statement Spirit Lake pseudokarst U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, 1984, Spirit Lake HOLZER, T. L., 1986, Spirit Lake·hazard evaluation. outlet tunnel; design memorandum no. 1. JONES, BRONWEN, 1985, Tunnelling in North America's volcanic zone. Wil..SON, R. S:·, 1981, Interactions between ground motion and ground failure. KRESCH, D. L., 1985, Spirit Lake dam-failure flood routing assessment. LAKES · SPOKANE CO., WASH., LARSON,D. W.; DAHM,C.N., 1986,0bservationson the see also limnological recovery of volcanically impacted Spirit Lake, Washington [abstract). LAKES· FINDLEY LAKE LAWRENCE, D. B.; LAWRENCE, E. G., 1959, LAKES · WILLIAMS LAKE Radiocarbon dating of some events on Mount Hood and Mount St. Helens. FUNK, W. H., 1980, Effects of ash fall out on eastern MCKNIGHT, D. M., 1982, Fulvic acidlike substances from Washington lakes and the upper Spokane River. lakes near Mount St Helens, Washington [abstract). LAKES-VENUS LAKE MCKNIGHT, D. M.; KLEIN, J. M.; WISSMAR, R. C., 1984, Changes in the organic material in lakes in the blast DION, N. P.; EMBREY, S.S., 1981, Effects of Mount St. zone of Mount St Helens, Washington. Helens eruption on selected lakes in Washington. MEYER, Wil..LIAM; CARPENTER, P. J ., 1983, Filling of LAKES · WEST CASTLE CREEK LAKE SpiritLake, Washington.May 18, 1980, to July 31, 1982. MEYER, WILLIAM; SABOL, M A.; SCHUSTER, R. L., MCKNIGHT, D. M.,.1982, Fulvic acidlike substances from 1986, Landslide dammed lakes at Mount St. Helens, lakes near Mount St Helens, Washington [abstract]. Washington. UMNOLOGY 149

MARTINSON, H. A.; HAMMOND, H. E.; MAST, W.W.; LAKES • WILLIAMS LAKE MANGO, P. D., 1986, Channel geometry andhydrologic ANDERSON, R. Y.; NUHFER, E. B.; DEAN, W. E., 1984, data for six eruption-affected tributaries of the Lewis Sinking of volcanic ash in uncompacted sediment in River, Mount St. Helens, Washington, water years Williams Lake, Washington. 1983-84. ANDERSON, R. Y,; NUHFER, E. B.; DEAN, W. E.; RYAN, P. J.; ELDER, R. A.; GARDINER, S. R. M., 1984, DELMASTRO, G. A., 1984, Sedimentology of Mt. St Prediction of dam overtopping due to mudflows. Helens tephra at Merrill, Soap, and Williams Lakes, TILFORD, NORMAN; KENT, RICHARD, 1981, Mount Washington, USA [abstract). St Helens and the geology of Lewis and Toulle Rivers.

Lakes· Yakima Co., Wash., see LAKES. LIMNOLOGY BUMPING LAKE BAROSS, J. A.; DAHM, C. N.; WARD, A. K.; LILLEY, Landfills, see VOLCANIC ASH - M. D.; SEDELL, J. R., 1982, Initial microbiological ENGINEERING ASPECTS response in lakes to the Mt. St. Helens eruption. BOLDING, DICK, 1981, Surviving the blast. Landslide-induced dams, see DEBRIS DAMS CRAWFORD, B. A., 1986, Recovery of game fish LandsUdes, see MASS MOVEMENTS . populations impacted by the May 18, 1980 eruption of AVALANCHES AND LANDSLIDES Mount St. Helens; Part II, Recovery of surviving fish populations within the lakes in the Mount Saint Helens Lava tubes, see CA YES National Volcanic Monument and adjacent areas. LAWS AND LITIGATION DAHM, C. N.; BAROSS,-J. B.; LILLEY, M. D.; WARD, A. K.; SEDELL, J. R., 1981, Microbial and chemical liUFFMAN, JANIES, 1986, Government tort liability for responses of lakes in the blast zone of Mt St. Helens, Mount St. Helens fury. 1980 and 1981 [abstract]. TANAKA, J.M. C., 1985, Judge lets state off hook... but DAHM, C. N.; BAROSS, J. A.; LILLEY, M. D.; WARD, not Weyerhaeuser. A. K.; SEDELL, J. R., 1982, Lakes in the blast zone of TANAKA, J.M. C., 1986, The St Helens trials-II. Mt. St. Helens-Chemical and microbial responses following the May 18, 1980 eruption. TANAKA, J.M. C., 1986, Volcano trial. DAHM, C. N.; BAROSS, J. A.; WARD, A. K.; LILLEY, U.S. CONGRESS, 1982, Public Law 97-243-An act to M. D.; SEDELL, J. R., 1983, Initial effects of the Mount designate the Mount St Helens National Volcanic St. Helens eruption on nitrogen cycle and related Monument in the State of Washington, and for other chemical processes in Ryan Lake. purposes. DION, N. P.; EMBREY, S.S., 1981, Effects of Mount St. Legionnaire's Disease see HEALTH EFFECTS Helens eruption on selected lakes in Washington.* EDMONDSON, W. T., 1984, Volcanic ash in lakes. LEWIS RIVER EDMONDSON, W. T.; LIIT, A. H., 1984, Mt. St. Helens BATEMAN, A. F., 1951, Geology of dam sites on Lewis ash in lakes in the lower Grand Coulee, Washington River, Washington. State.* CUMMANS, JOHN, 1981, Mudflows resulting from the EMBREY, S. S.; DION, N. P., 1982, Effects of Mt. St. May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St Helens, Helens eruption on nearby lakes in Washington Washington. [abstract]. MARTINSON,H. A.;FINNERAN,S.D.; TOPINKA,L.J., FAULCONER, LEE; MONGILLO, PAUL, 1981, Effects 1984, Changes in channel geomorphology of six of Mt St. Helens ashfall on three trout streams and eruption-affected tributaries of the Lewis River, Bumping Lake in the Yakima Basin, Washington. 1980-82, Mount St. Helens, Washington. FRENZEL, S. A., 1983, Effects of volcanic ash on the benthic environment of a mountain stream, northern Idaho. FRENZEL, S. A., 1984, Effects of volcanic ash on aquatic environments in northern Idaho [abstract]. 150 UMNOLOGY

FREY, B. E.; LARA-LARA, J. R.; SMALL, L. F .. 1983, WISSMAR, R. C.; DEVOL, A. H.; NEVISSI, A. E.; Reduced rates of primary production in the Columbia SEDELL, J. R., 1982, Chemical changes of lakes within River estuary following the eruption ML Saint Helens on the Mount St. Helens blast zone. 18 May 1980. WISSMAR, R. C.; DEVOL, A. H.; STALEY, J. T.; FUNK, W. H., 1980, Effects of ash fall out on eastern SEDELL, J. R., 1982, Biological responses of lakes in Washington lakes and the upper Spokane River. the Mount St. Helens blast zone. HAWKINS, C. P.; ANDERSON, N. H., 1982, Habitats and fauna-The aftermath of the Mount St Helens eruption Machine effects, see VOLCANIC ASH. on stream systems [abstract]. MACHINE EFFECTS KENT, DAVE, 1980, Columbia River estuary. MAGMA CHAMBER MCKNIGHT, D. M., 1982, Fulvic acidlike substances from lakes near Mount St Helens, Washington [abstract]. BAME, D. A., 1984, A source model for low frequency volcanic earthquakes. MCKNIGHT, D. M.; KLEIN, J. M.; WISSMAR, R. C., 1984, Changes in the organic material in lakes in the blast CAREY, S. N.; SIGURDSSON, HARALDUR, 1985, The zone of Mount St Helens, Washington. May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount SL Helens; 2, Modeling of dynamics of the plinian phase. MCKNIGHT, D. M.; PEREIRA, W. E.; CEAZAN, M. L., 1982, Characterization of dissolved organic materials in CASHMAN, K. V.; MARSH, B. D., 1984, Crystal-size surface waters within the blast zone of Mount St Helens, spectra and kinetics of crystal growth in magma-II. Washington. Application [abstract). MILLIGAN, J. M.; FALIBR, C. M.; BRUSVEN, M. A.; EICHELBERGER, J. C.; HA YES, D. B., 1982, Magmatic AND OTHERS, 1983, In-stream distribution and model for the Mount St. Helens blast of May 18, 1980. hydraulic and ecological effects of volcanic ash from EWART, JAMES; VOIGHT, BARRY, 1980, Finite Mount St Helens eruption. element deformation models of volcanoes [abstract). PEREIRA, W. E.; ROSTAD, C. E.; TAYLOR, H. E.; FINK,J. H.;POLLARD, D. D.; DONNELLY-NOLAN,J., KLEIN, J. M., 1982, Characterization of organic 1982, Structural relationships among feeder dikes, silicie contaminants in environmental samples associated with domes and ground cracks in the Medicine Lake highland Mount St. Helens 1980 volcanic eruption.* and Mount St Helens volcanoes [abstract). RIEDEL, G. R.; WILSON, S. L.; HOLTON, R. L., 1984, HA YES, D. B.; EICHELBERGER, J.C., 1981, Magmatic Trace metals in the Columbia River estuary following model for the Mt St. Helens blast of May 18, 1980 the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. [abstract). SK.ILLE, J.M.; FALIBR, C. M.; AND OTHERS, 1983, LE CLOAREC, M. F.; LAMBERT, G.; LE ROULLEY, Fate, distribution and limnological effects of volcanic J.C.; ARDOUIN, B., 1986, Long-lived radon daughters tephra in the St. Joe and Coeur d'Alene River deltas of in Mount St Helens emissions-A size estimation of the Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. magmatic reservoir. S.MITH, M.A.; WHITE, M. J., 1985, Observations on lakes LE CLOAREC, M. F.; LAMBERT, G.; LE ROULLEY, near Mount St Helens-Phytoplankton. J. C.; ARDOUIN, B., 1986, Long-lived radon decay STALEY,J. T.;LEHMICKE,L. G.;PALMER,F.E.; PEET, products in Mount St. Helens emissions-An estimation R. W.; WISSMAR, R. C., 1982, Impact of Mount St. of the magma reservoir volume. Helens eruption on bacteriology of lakes in the blast MELSON, W. G.; HOPSON, C. A., 1982,Petrologic model zone. of the 1980-82 Mt. St Helens magma chamber WELCH, E. B.; TOMASEK, M. D.; LAZOFF, S. B., 1982, [abstract]. Volcanic ashlayer effect on lake internal phosphorus RICE, ALAN, 1985, The mechanism of the Mt St. Helens loading. eruption and speculations regarding Soret effects in \.VISS MAR, R. C., 1981, Dissolved organics and pH in lakes planetary dynamics. within Mt. St. Helens blast zone [abstract]. RICE, ALAN, 1985, Popcorn magma [abstract). WISSMAR, R. C., 1982, Limnological features of lakes RICE, ALAN, 1986, Quench supersaturation and volcanic within the 18 May 1980 Mount SL Helens blast zone. eruptions [abstract]. MAPS - PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIAGRAMS 151

RUTHERFORD, M. J .; DEVINE, JOE, 1986, Experiment.al VERHOOGEN,JEAN, 1936, Geology of Mount SL Helens, petrology of recent Mount SL Helens dacites­ Washington. Amphibole, Fe-Ti oxides and magmas chamber VERHOOGEN, JEAN, 1937, Mount SL Helens- A recent conditions [abstract]. Cascade volcano. RUTHERFORD, M. J.; SIGURDSSON, HARALDUR; CAREY, S. N.; DAVIS, ANDREW, 1985, The May 18, MAPS - GEOPHYSICAL 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens; 1, Melt composition BONINI, W. E.; HUGHES, D. W.; DANES, Z. F .. and experimental phase equilibria. COMPILERS, 1974, Complete Bouguer gravity SCANDONE,ROBERTO; MALONE, S. D., 1985, Magma anomaly map of Washington. supply. magma dissharge and readj~stment of lhe DANES,Z.F.;PHILLIPS, W. M., 1983,CompleteBouguer feeding system of Mount SL Helens dunng 1980. gravity anomaly map. Cascade Mountains, Washington. Magnetic surveys, see GEOPHYSICS - DISHBERGER, D. M., I 983, Preparation of residual MAGNETIC SURVEYS gravity maps for the soulhem Cascade Mountains, Washington using Fourier analysis. MAPS - GEOLOGIC FRASER, D. C., 1983, Airborne electromagnetic surveys of BANKS,N.G.;BENNETI.C.A.;SCHMIDT,J.M.,1978, the Cascade Range, western United States; with a preface Maps of photo lineaments and geomorphological by D. B. Hoover. features in lhe Spirit Lake quadrangle, Washington. U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 1975, Aeromagnetic map CRANDELL, D. R.; MULLINEAUX, D. R., 1978, for part of southwestern Washington. Potential hazards from future eruptions of Mount St. U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 1981, Aeromagnetic map Helens volcano, Washington.• of the Mt. Margaret area, Washington. CRISWELL, C. W.; ELSTON, W. E., 1985, Intra-eruption U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 1981, Aeromagnetic map geologic map from an x-ray radar image during the May of the Mt. SL Helens area, Washington. 18, 1980 eruption of Mount SL Helens, Washington. U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, .1982, Aeromagnetic map EV ARTS, R. C.; ASHLEY, R. P., 1984, Preliminary of Mt St Helens, Washingron-Post May, 1980 geologic map of the Spirit Lake quadrangle, Wash­ eruption. ington. MAPS . PHYSIOGRAPffiC DIAGRAMS HAMMOND, P. E., 1973, Preliminary geologic map of the soulhem Cascade Range. ALPHA, T. R., 1982, Physiographic diagrams of eruptive HAMMOND, P. E., 1975, Preliminary geologic map and effects [abstract]. cross-sections with emphasis on Quaternary volcanic ALPHA, T. R., 1983, Physiog,-aphic diagrams of Mount St. rocks, soulhem Cascade Mountains, Washington. Helens, Washington showing changes in its summit HAMMOND, P. E., 1980, Reconnaissance geologic map crater, 1982. and cross sections of southern Washington Cascade ALPHA, T. R.; MOORE, J. G., 1981, Physiographic Range, latitude 45 degrees 30 minutes - 47 degrees 15 diagrams of the May 18, 1980, landslide-eruption of minutes N., longitude 120 degrees 45 minutes - 122 Mount St Helens, Washington. degrees 22.5 minutes W. ALPHA, T. R.; MOORE, J. G.; JONES, D. R., 1980, HUNTIING, M. T.; BENNETI, W. A.G.; LIVINGSTON, Sequential physiographic diagrams of Mount SL Helens, V. E., JR.; MOEN, W. S., COMPILERS, 1961, Geologic Washington, 1979-80. map of Washington. ALPHA, T. R.; MOORE, J. G.; MORLEY, J.M.; JONES, LIPMAN, P. W.; MULLINEAUX, D. R.,EDITORS, 1981, D. R., 1980, Physiographic diagrams of Mount SL The 1980 eruptions of Mount SL Helens, Washington. Helens and vicinity, Washington, 1980. LUEDKE, R. G.; SlvllTH, R. L.; RUSSELL-ROBINSON, ALPHA, T. R.; MOORE, J. G.; MORLEY, J.M.; JONES, S. L., 1983, Map showing distribution, composition, and D. R., 1981, Physiographic diag,-ams of Mount St. age oflate Cenozoic volcanoes and volcanic rocks of the Helens, Washingt0n, showing changes in itS summit Cascade Range and vicinity. northwestern United States. crater, summer 1980. SCHRIENER, ALEXANDER, 1977. General geology and ALPHA, T. R.; MORLEY, J. M., 1983, Comparative selected base met.al distributions in the southern Cascade physiographic diagrams of Mount St. Helens, Range, Washington. Washington, and Crater Lake, Oregon. 152 MAPS· PHYSJOGRAPHIC DIAGRAMS

ALPHA, T. R.; MORLEY, J. M.; MYERS, BOBBIE; LEIGHLEY, T. A., 1982, Physiographic diagrams of MASS MOVEMENTS - AVALANCHES AND LANDSLIDES Mount St Helens, Washington showing changes in its summit crater, 1981. ALPHA, T. R.; MOORE, J. G., 1981, Physiographic ALPHA, T. R.; MYERS, BOBBIE, 1985, Physiographic diagrams of the May 18, 1980, landslide-eruption of diagrams of Mount St Helens, Washington showing Mount St Helens, Washing ton. changes in its summit crater, 1983. AUSTIN, S. A., 1984, Rapid erosion at Mount SL Helens. ALPHA, T. R.; MYERS, BOBBIE, 1986, Physiographic BRANTLEY, STEVEN; GLICKEN, H. X., 1986, Volcanic diagrams of Mount St Helens, Washington, showing debris avalanches. changes in its summit crater, 1984. .., DUNNE, THOMAS, 1983, Introduction and welcome. LAWRENCE, D. B., 1954, Diagrammatic history of the northeast slope of ML SL Helens, Washington. GLICKEN, H. X., 1982, Criteria for recognition of large volcanic debris avalanches [abstract]. MAPS - TOPOGRAPIDC GLICKEN, H. X., 1985, Deposits of large volcanic debris avalanches at Mount St Helens and Mount Shasta Note: The various standard topographic maps of the volcanoes [abstract]. Mount St. Helens area prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey over the years have not been included in this GLICKEN, H. X., 1986, Mt. St. Helens rockslide-debris index. avalanche. see also TOPOGRAPHY GLICKEN, H. X.; FISHER, R. V., 1984, Interaction between the rockslide-debris avalanche and the lateral ALBEE, W. C.; MOORE, J. G., 1981, Mapping Mount SL blast at Mount St Helens, Washington [abstract]. Helens [abstract]. GLICKEN,H.X.;JANDA,R.J.;VOIGHT,BARRY,1980, BEACH, G. L., 1985, Morphologic evolution of the Mount Catastrophic landslide/debris avalanche of May 18, St Helens crater area. Washington. 1980, Mount St. Helens volcano [abstract]. HARDING, R. A., 1982, Aerial photos and maps of the GLICKEN,H.X.; VOIGHT,BARRY;JANDA,R.J., 1981, event area [abstract]. Rockslide-debris avalanche of May 18, 1980, Mount St. Helens volcano [abstract]. JONES, P. G., 1982, Special 1:100,000-scale Mount St. Helens maps.* KERR, R. A., 1984, Landslides from volcanoes seen as common. JORDAN, RAYMOND; KIEFFER, H. H., 1981, Topographic changes at Mount St Helens-Large-scale MEYER, WILLIAM; SABOL, M. A.; SCHUSTER, R. L., photogrammetry and digital terrain models. 1986, Landslide dammed lakes at Mount St. Helens, Washington. JORDAN, RAYMOND; KIEFFER, H. H., 1982, Topographic map of Mount St. Helens, Washington, NEWHALL, C. G., 1982, A prehistoric debris avalanche showing changes between April 11 and May 16, 1980. from Mount St Helens [abstract]. MOLENAAR, DEE, 1981, Oblique-view pictorial SCHUSTER, R. L., 1984, Effects of landslides and landform map-Souvenir of an eruption-Mount St. mudflows associated with the May 1980 eruption of Helens country, Washington. Mount St Helens, northwestern U.S.A. MOORE, J. G.; ALBEE, W. C., 1981, Topographic and SCHUSTER, R. L.; CRANDELL, D.R., 1984, Catastrophic structural changes, March-July 1980-Photogrammetric debris avalanches from volcanoes. dat.a. SIEBERT, LEE, 1984, Large volcanic debris U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 1980, Preliminary aerial avalanche~haracteristics of source areas, deposits, photographic interpretative map showing features and associated eruptions. related to the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, UI, TADAHIDE, 1983, Volcanic dry avalanche Washington.* deposits-Identification and comparison with U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 1984, Mount St Helens nonvolcanic debris stream deposits.* mapping [abstract]. VOIGHT, BARRY; GLICKEN, H. X.; JANDA, R. J.; DOUGLASS, P. M., 1981, Catastrophic rockslide avalanche of May 18. MASS MOVEMENTS - LAHARS AND MVDFLOWS [GENERAL WORKS} 153

VOIGHT, BARRY; JANDA, R. J.; GLICKEN, H. X.; FAIRCHILD, L. H., 1986, Quantitative analysis of lahar DOUGLASS, P. M., 1983, Nature and mechanics of the hazard. Mount St. Helens rockslide-avalanche of 18 May 1980. FRITZ, W. J ., 1983, Comment and reply on 'Erect floating VOIGHT, BARRY; JANDA, R. J.; GLICKEN,. H. X.; stumps in Spirit Lake, Washington'; Comment. DOUGLASS, P. M.; NOLAN, K. M.; HOBLITT, R. P., FRITZ, W. J.; HARRISON, SYLVIA, 1983, Giant armored 1980, Catastrophic rockslide-avalanche of May 18, mud boulder from the 1982 Mount St. Helens 1980, Mount St Helens volcano, Washington [abstract]. mudflows.* VORTMAN, L. J., 1980, Deduced physical characteristics FRITZ, W. J.; HARRISON, SYLVIA, 1983, Sedimentary of the May 18, 1980, eruption [abstract]. sequence from 1980 and 1982 Mount St. Helens sedi­ W AITI, R. B., JR., 1980, Stratigraphic relations between ment flows- A model for older volcaniclastic deposits deposits of lateral surge, debris flow, and catastrophic [abstract]. floodwater at Mount St. Helens, 18 May 1980 [abstract]. FRITZ, W. J.; HARRISON, SYLVIA, 1985, Transported W AITI, R. B., JR.; MACLEOD, N. S., 1983, Far-traveling trees from the 1982 Mount St. Helens sediment flows­ snow avalanches and floods from minor explosive Their use as paleocurrent indicators. eruptions at snow-clad Mount St Helens, Washington FRITZ, W. J.; MOORE, J. N., 1981, Sedimentology of [abstract]. Mount St. Helens mud flows as related to the transport W AITI, R. B., JR.; PIERSON, T. C.; MACLEOD, N. S.; of trees [abstract]. JANDA, R. J.; VOIGHT, BARRY; HOLCOMB, R. T., FRITZ, W. J .; OGREN, D. E., 1984, Clast orientations in 1983, Eruption-triggered avalanche, flood, and lahar at the Mount St Helens sediment flows [abstract]. Mount SL Helens-Effects of winter snowpack. HALLIDAY, W.R., 1980, Post-eruptive mudflow impact Wil..SON, R. C., 1981, Interactions between ground motion on the Mount St. Helens caves, Washington. and ground failure. HALLIDAY, W. R., 1981, Impact of post-eruptive WINTERS, W. J.; KAYEN, R. E., 1985, Static and cyclic mudflows on caves of the Cave Basalt Lava Flow, Mount strength properties of Mount St. Helens debris avalanche St. Helens, Washington [abstract]. and ash cloud materials. HYDE, J. H., 1975, Upper Pleistocene pyroclastic-flow MASS MOVEMENTS - LAHARS AND deposits and lahars south of Mount SL Helens volcano, MUDFLOWS [GENERAL WORKS] Washington. JANDA, R. J.; MEYER, D. F ., 1985, Fluvial sedimentation BEACH',G.L., 1984, The 19 March 1982eruptionand lahar following Quaternary eruptions of Mount St Helens, at Mount St. Helens-Implications for Martian outflow Washington [abstract]. channels? JANDA, R. J.; NOLAN, K. M.; GLICKEN, H. X.; BRANTLEY, STEVEN; POWER.JOHN; TOPINKA, L. J ., ABBOTT, L. S.; VOIGHT, BARRY, 1980, Processes 1985, Reports from the U.S. Geological Survey's responsible for massive river sedimentation following Cascades Volcano Observatory at Vancouver, the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens (abstract]. Washington. JANDA, R. J.; SCOTI, K. M.; NOLAN, K. M.; COFFIN, H. G., 1983, Comment and reply on 'Erect MARTINSON, H. A., 1981, Lahar movement, effects, floating stumps in Spirit Lake, Washington'; Reply. and deposits. COLLIER, C.R., 1980, Hydrologic effects. MAJOR, J. J.; VOIGHT, BARRY, 1984, The Mount St. CRANDELL, D. R.; MULLINEAUX, D. R., 1973, Pine Helens southwest flank lahars of May 18, 1980-Flow Creek volcanic assemblage at Mount St. Helens, dynamics, sedimentology, clast fabric [abstract]. Washington. MAJOR, J. J.; VOIGHT, BARRY, 1986, Sedimentology CUMMANS, J.E.; COLLIER, C.R., 1980, Mudflows, and clast orientations of the 18 May 1980 southwest­ floods, and sediment deposition resulting from the May flank lahars, Mount SL Helens, Washington. 18 eruption of Mt St Helens by Water Resources MARTINSON, H. A., 1982, Channel geomorphology, Division, U.S. Geological Survey [abstract]. sediment movement, and channel changes of Pine and DINEHART, R. L.; RITTER, J. R.; KNOTI, J.M., 1981, Muddy Rivers- Mount St. Helens. Sediment data for streams near Mount St. Helens, MEIER, M. F.; CARPENTER, P. J.; JANDA, R. J., 1981, Washington-Volume 1, 1980 water-year data. Hydrologic effects of Mount SL Helens· 1980 eruptions. DUNNE, THOMAS, 1983, Introduction and welcome. 154 MASS MOVEMENTS - LAHARS AND MUDFLOWS [GENERAL WORKS]

MULLINEAUX, D. R., 1960, Volcanic debris flows in MASS MOVEMENTS· LAHARS AND western Washington. MUDFLOWS • COLUMBIA RIVER MULLINEAUX, D.R.; CRANDELL, D.R., 1%2, Recent lahars from Mount St Helens, Washington. BAKER, E.T.; FEELY, R. A.; CURL, H. C., JR., 1981, Effect of Mount St Helens volcanic activity on the PIERSON, T. C., 1984, Debris-flow monitoring at Mount turbidity of the Columbia River plume [abstract]. St. Helens [abstract]. BRADLEY,J. B., 1984, Transition of a meandering river to PIERSON, T. C., 1986, Flow behavior ofchannelized debris a braided system due to high sediment concentration flows, Mount St. Helens, Washington. flows. POST, AUSTIN; :MEIER, M. F.; COLLIER, C.R., 1980, HAENI,F. P., 1982, Disposition of mudslide materials from The eruptions of Mount St Helens and their hydrologic Mount SL Helens [abstract]. effects-An overview [abstract]. HAEN!, F. P., 1983, Sediment deposition in the Columbia RAYNOR, J.M., 1981, Mount St. Helens-One year later. and Lower Cowlitz Rivers, Washington-Oregon, caused SCHUSTER, R. L., 1981, Effects of the eruptions on civil by the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount SL Helens. works and operations in the Pacific Nonhwest. HUBBELL, D. W.; LAENEN, J. M.; MCKENZIE, S. W., SCHUSTER, R. L., 1984, Effects of landslides and 1983, Characteristics of Columbia River sediment mudflows associated with the May 1980 eruption of following the eruption of Mount SL Helens on May 18, Mount SL Helens, nonhwestem U.S.A. 1980. SCOTT, K. M., 1985, Origin, behavior, and sedimentology LAWYER, D. E., 1980, Navigation and flooding. of catastrophic lahars at Mount St. Helens, Washington MOORE, P.A.; REESE, J. R., 1982, Sediment physical and [abstract]. chemical analyses on the Cowlitz and Columbia River SMITH, G. A., 1983, Giant annored mud boulder from the subsequent to the 18 May 1980 Mt SL Helens eruption. 1982 Mount St. Helens mudflows-Discussion. ORWIG, C. E., 1981, Utilizing the National Weather SMITH, R. D.; SMITH, G. A., 1983, Deposits of excessive Service's dynamic wave model on the lower Columbia sediment load floods in volcanic regions-A modem and River during the Mount Saint Helens event [abstracl]. an ancient example [abstract). RAINIER NATIONAL BANK ECONOMICS SWIFT, C.H., ill; KRESCH, D. L., 1983, Mudflow hazards DEPART:M.ENT, 1980, The economic impact of the •I along the Toutle and Cowlitz Rivers from a hypothetical eruptions of Mount St Helens, "The Columbia River and failure of Spirit Lake blockage. related waterways". TANAKA,J. M. C., 1981, Comparison of hypothetical and SLOTTA, L. S.; COBOS, C.R.; MUSTAIN, R. S., 1984, actual lahar impacts on public service delivery systems Shoaling of Port of Astoria, Oregon, by sediment from [abstract). Mt SL Helens eruption [abstract]. w AITT, R. B., JR., 1980, Stratigraphic relations between U.S. CONGRESS, HOUSE COMWITEE ON PUBLIC deposits of lateral surge, debris flow, and catastrophic WORKS AND TRANSPORTATION, 1985, Mount St. floodwater at Mount St. Helens, 18 May 1980 [abstract]. Helens sediment control. Washington (Toutle, Cowlitz, W AlTT, R. B., JR.; MACLEOD, N. S., 1983,Far-traveling and Columbia Rivers). snow avalanches and floods from minor explosive eruptions at snow-clad Mount St Helens, Washington MASS MOVEMENTS· LAHARS AND [abstract]. MUD FLOWS· COWLITZ RIVER WAITT, R. B., JR.; PIERSON, T. C.; MACLEOD, N. S.; BETHEL, J.P., 1981, Volcanic mudflow deposits in the JANDA, R. J.; VOIGHT, BARRY; HOLCOMB, R. T., Cowlitz River valley, Washingt0n [abstract]. 1983, Eruption-triggered avalanche, flood, and lahar at BRADLEY, J. B., 1981, Mt. SL Helens sediment Mount St Helens-Effects of winter snowpack. transport-The first year [abstract]. YURETICH,R.F.;FRITZ, W.J., 1981,Commentandreply BRADLEY, J. B., 1982, Cowlitz River basin sediment on "Reinterpretation of the depositional environment of yields [abstract]. the Yellowstone 'fossil forests' " and "Swmps transported and deposited upright by Mount St. Helens BRADLEY,J. B., 1984, Transitionofameanderingriverto mud flows". a braided system due to high sediment concentration flows. Mass movements - Lahars and mudflows • Biological effects, see BIOLOGY MASS MOVEMENTS - LAHARS AND MUD FLOWS - PHYSICAL PROCESSES 155

BRADLEY, J.B.; GRAHAM, J. D., 1983, Effects of high MOORE,P. A.;REESE,J. R., 1982,Sedimentphysicaland sediment concentrations on bedfonns and river chemical analyses on the Cowlitz and Columbia River hydraulics [abstract]. subsequent to the 18 May 1980 Mt St. Helens eruption. BRADLEY, J. B.; SIMPSON, D. P.; BURCH. B. H.; PUBLIC WORKS, 1981, Submersible pumps help quell COLLISTER, J. L., 1982, Physical properties of Mt. St. damage from Mt. St Helens mudflow. Helens mudflow and sediment deposits. SCOTT, K. M., 1984, Flow transfonnations and textural BROWN, B. J.; THOMAS, W. A., 1983, Mt. St. Helens variation in lahars at Mount St. Helens, Washington impact on Cowlitz River sedimentation. [abstract]. CUMMANS, JO.HN', 1981, Mudflows resulting from the U.S. CONGRESS, HOUSE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St Helens, WORKS AND TRANSPORTATION, 1985, Mount St. Washington.* Helens sediment control, Washington (Toutle, Cowlitz, DINEHART, R. L., 1983, Patterns of sediment and Columbia Rivers). concentration in hyperconcentrated flows at Mount St. VANONI, V. A., 1982, Comments on sedimentation Helens, Washington [abstract].* problems resulting from the eruption of Mt. St. Helens. DUNNE, THOMAS; LEOPOLD, L. B., 1981, Flood and Mass Movements - Lahars and mudflows - sedimentation hazards in the Toutle and Cowlitz River Economic effects, see ECONOMIC EFFECTS system as a result of the Mt St. Helens eruption. FAIRCHil...D, L. H.; DUNNE, THOMAS, 1981, Prediction Mass movements - Lahars and mud.flows - of future mudflow hazard on the Toutle and Cowlitz Geochemistry, see HYDROLOGY - IMPACTS Rivers, Washington [abstract]. OF THE ERUPTIONS ON WATER QUALITY FRI1Z, W. J.; FISK, L. H.; HARRISON, SYLVIA, 198'.Z, MASS MOVEMENTS -1.iAHA.RS AND Mount St Helens road log-A visit to the lower Toutle and Cowlitz River drainages to observe the MUD FLOWS - LEWIS·RIVER sedimentology, transported trees, and other effects of CUMMANS, JO.HN', 1981, Mudflows resulting from the mudflows resulting from the eruptions of May 18, 1980, May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount SL Helens, and March 19, 1982. Washington. HAENI,F. P., 1982, Disposition of mudslide materials from MARTINSON,H.A.;FINNERAN,S.D.;TOPINKA,L.J., Mount St Helens [abstract]. 1984, Changes in channel geomorphology of six HAENI, F. P., 1983, Sediment deposition in the Columbia eruption-affected tributaries of the Lewis River, and Lower Cowlitz Rivers, Washington-Oregon, caused 1980-82, Mount St. Helens, Washington. by the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens. MARTINSON, H. A.; HAMJv10ND, H. E.; MAST, W.W.; HINDIN, ERVIN, 1983, Occurrence of organic compounds MANGO, P. D., 1986, Channel geometry and hydro logic in water and stream sediments due to the Mt St Helens data for six eruption-affected tributaries of the Lewis eruptions. River, Mount St. Helens, Washington, water years LA WYER, D. E., 1980, Navigation and flooding. 1983-84. LOMBARD, R. E., 1982, Sediment deposition in the MASS MOVEMENTS - LAHARS AND Cowlitz River. MUDFLOWS - MUDDY RIVER LOMBARD, R. E.; MILES, M. B.; NELSON, L. M.; KRESCH, D. L.; CARPENTER, P. J., 1981, Channel FINK,J. H.; GREELEY,RONALD, 1980,Mudilow studies conditions in the Lower Toutle and Cowlitz Rivers on Mount St. Helens [abstract]. resulting from the mudflows of May 18, 1980. MASS MOVEMENTS - LAHARS AND LOMBARD, R. E.; MILES, M. B.; NELSON, L. M.; MUDFLOWS - PHYSICAL PROCESSES KRESCH, D. L.; CARPENTER, P. J., 1981, The impact of mudflows of May 18 on the lower Toutle and Cowlitz BRADLEY, J. B.; SIMPSON, D. P.; BURCH, B. H.; Rivers. COLLISTER, J. L., 1982, Physical properties of Mt. St. MATiilSON, J. M., 1981, Forecasting the Cowlitz River Helens mudflow and sediment deposits. after the Mount Saint Helens eruption [abstract]. CUMMANS, JO.HN', 1981, Mudflows resulting from the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St Helens, Washington. 156 MASS MOVEMENTS -LAHARS AND MUD FLOWS - PHYSICAL PROCESSES

DUNNE, THOMAS; SivlITH, J. D.; WIGMOSTA, M. S., 1983, Field evidence for the flow properties of the Toutle MASS MOVEMENTS · LAHARS AND Valley mudflows. MUDFLOWS · PINE CREEK FAIRCHILD, L. H.; WIGMOSTA, M. S., 1983, Dynamic FINK,J.H.;GREELEY,RONALD, 1980,Mudflowstudies and volumetric characteristics of the 18 May 1980 lahars on Mount St. Helens [abstract). on the Toutle River, Washington. MASSMOVEMENTS-LAHARSAND FINK,J. H.; GREELEY.RONALD, 1980,Mudflowstudies on Mount St. Helens [abstract]. MUDFLOWS · TOUTLE RIVER SYSTEM FINK, J. H.; MALIN, M. C., 1980, Rheological properties BRADLEY, J. B., 1981, Mt. St Helens sediment of mudflows associated with recent eruptions of Mount iransport-The first year [abstract]. St. Helens [abstract]. BRADLEY, J. B., 1982, Cowlitz River basin sediment FINK, J. H.; MALIN, M. C.; D'ALLI, R. E.; GREELEY, yields [abstract]. RONALD, 1981, Rheological properties of mudflows BRADLEY, J.B., 1984, Transition of a meandering river to associated with the spring 1980 eruptions of Mount St. a braided system due to high sediment concentration Helens volcano, Washington. flows. HIGGINS, J. D.; NAIK, BUAYANANDA; MILLS, S. V.; BRADLEY, J. B.; SIMPSON, D. P.; BURCH, B. H.; COPP, HOW ARD; ROBERSON, J. A., 1983, The COLLISTER, J. L., 1982, Physical properties of Mt. St. mechanics of mudflows. Helens mudflow and sediment deposits. MOORE, P.A.; REESE, J. R., 1982, Sediment physical and CUM1v1ANS, JOHN, 1981, Chronologyofmudflows in the chemical analyses on the Cowlitz ~d Columbia River South Fork and North Fork Toutle River following the subsequent to the 18 May 1980 Mt St. Helens eruption. May 18 eruption. NAIK, BUAYANANDA; RAO, N. S. L.; ROBERSON, J. CUM1v1ANS, JOHN, 1981, Mudflows resulung from the A., 1982, Rheology of mudflows. May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St Helens, PIERSON, T. C., 1983, Flow behavior of two major labars Washington.* triggered by the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. DINEHART, R. L., 1983, Pauerns of sediment concen­ Helens, Washington. tration in hyperconcentrated flows at Mount St Helens, PIERSON, T. C., 1985, Field techniques for measuring Washington [abstract].* debris-flow dynamics. DINEHART, R. L.; CULBERTSON, J. K., 1982, PIERSON, T. C., 1985, Initiation and flow behavior of the Sediment-discharge characteristics of the Toutle River 1980 Pine Creek and Muddy River lahars, Mount St. following the Mount St. Helens eruption [abstract]. Helens, Washington. DUNNE, THOMAS; LEOPOLD, L.B., 1981, Flood and RYAN; P. J.; ELDER,R. A.; GARDINER,S.R. M., 1984, sedimentation hazards in the Toutle and Cowlitz River Prediction of dam overtopping due to mud.flows. system as a result of the Mt. St. Helens eruption. SCOTT, K. M., 1985, Lahars and flow transformations at DUNNE, THOMAS; SivlITH, J. D.; WIGMOSTA, M. S., Mount St Helens, Washington, U.S.A. 1983, Field evidence for the flow properties of the Toutle Sl\1ITH, J. D.; DUNNE, THOMAS; FAIRCHILD, L. H., Valley mudflows. 1983, Flow properties of the Mt. St. Helens mudflow FAIRCHILD, L. H., 1984, Initiation of the North Fork materials. Toutle River lahar by liquefaction of debris avalanche Sl\1ITH, J. D.; WIGMOSTA, M. S.; DUNNE, THOMAS, deposits during the May 18, 1980 Mt. St Helens eruption 1983, Mechanical properties oft.he 1980 mudflow in the [abstract].* north fork of the Toutle River [abstract]. FAIRCHILD, L. H., 1985, Lahars at Mount SL Helens, WIGMOSTA, M. S., 1983, Rheology and flow dynamics of Washington. the Toutle debris flows from Mt St. Helens. FAIRCHILD, L. H., 1986, Lahars on the Toutle River near WIGMOSTA, M. S.; FAIRCHILD, L. H.; Sl\1ITH, J. D.; Ml. St. Helens. DUNNE, THOMAS;FLANIGAN;PETER, 1981,Field FAIRCHILD, L. H.; DUNNE, THOMAS, 1981, Prediction evidence for the dynamics of the Toutle River mudflows, of future mud.flow hazard on the Toulle and Cowlitz May 18, 1980 [abstract]. Rivers, Washington [abstract]. MASS MOVEMENTS - LAHARS AND MUD FLOWS - TOUTLE RIVER SYSTEM 157

FAIRCHILD, L. H.; W1GMOSTA, M. S., 1983, Dynamic LOMBARD, R. E.; 1vllLES, M. B.; NELSON, L. M.; and volumetric characteristics of the 18 May 1980 lahars KRESCH, D. L.; CARPENTER,P. J., 1981, The impact on the Toutle River, Washington. of mudflows of May 18 on the lower Toutle and Cowlitz FAIRCHILD, L. H.; W1GMOSTA, M. S.; Sl\1ITII, J. D.; Rivers. DUNNE, TIIOMAS, 1982, Application of hydrographs MARTIN, D. J.; WASSERMAN, L. J.; JONES, R. P.; constructed for the May 18, 1980 m udflows on the Toutle SALO, E. 0., 1984, Effects of Mount St. Helens eruption River, Washington [abstract]. on salmon populations and habitat in the Toutle River. FRI1Z, W. J., 1980, Stumps transported and deposited MATIIlSON, J.M., 1981, For~sting the Cowlitz River upright by Mount St Helens mud flows. after the Moum Saint Helens eruption [abstract]. FRI1Z, W. J.; FISK, L. H.; HARRISON, SYLVIA, 1982, MEYER, D. F.; JANDA, R. J., 1986, SedimentaLion Mount St Helens road log-A visit to the lower Toutle downstream from the 18 May 1980 North Fork Toutle and Cowlitz River drainages to observe the River debris avalanche deposit, Mount St Helens, sedimentology, transponed trees, and other effects of Washington. mudflows resulting from the eruptions of May 18, 1980, MEYER, D. F.; JANDA, R. J.; MARTINSON, H. A., 1982, and March 19, 1982. Initial and subsequent drainage basin and channel GILKEY, K. E., 1982, Sedimentology of debris flows responses to the 1980 eruption of Mount St Helens generated during the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens [abstract]. [abstract]. l\1ILLS, H. H., 1984, Clast orientation in Mount St. Helens GILKEY, K. E., 1983, Sedimentology of the Nonh Fork and debris-flow deposits, Nonh Fork Toutle River, South Fork Toutle River mudflows generated during the Washington. 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. PEARSON, M. L., 1985, Geomorphological analysis of GILKEY, K. E.; FAIRCHILD, L. H., 1982, Sedimentology Nonh Fork Toutle River, Washlngton- 1980-1984.* of debris flows generated during the 1980 eruption of PEARSON, M. L., 1986, Sediment yields from the debris Mount St Helens [abstract]. avalanche for water years 1980-1983. HARRJSON, SYLVIA; FR.I1Z, W. J., 1982, Depositional PIERSON, T. C., 1982, Elevation profiles for mudflows in features of March 1982 Mount St Helens sediment streams after the May 18 eruption of Mount St. Helens. flows. PIERSON, T. C.; SCOTT, K. M., 1985, Downstream HINDIN, ERVIN, 1983, Occurrence of organic compounds dilution of a lahar-Transition from debris flow to in vkier and stream sediments due to the Mt St Helens hyperconcentrated strearnflow. * eruptions. SCOTT, K. M., 1984, Flow transformations and textural JANDA, R. J.; SCOTT, K. M.; NOLAN, K. M.; variation in lahars at Mount St. Helens, Washington MARTINSON, H. A., 1982, Lahars associated with the [abstract]. 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens [abstract]. SCOTT, K. M., 1985, Lahars and lahar-runout flows in the LA WYER, D. E., 1980, Navigation and flooding. Toutle-Cowlitz River system, Mount St. Helens, LEHRE, A. K.; COLLINS, B. D.; DUNNE, THOMAS, Washington-Origins, behavior, and sedimentology. 1982, Preliminary post-eruption sediment budget for the SCOTT, K. M., 1986, Lahars and lahar-runout flows in the Nonh Fork Toutle River drainage, June 1980-May 1981. Toutle-Cowlitz River system, Mount St. Helens, LEHRE, A. K.; COLLINS, B. D.; DUNNE, THOMAS, Washington-Magnitude and frequency. 1983, Post-eruption sediment budget for the North Fork Sl\1ITII, J. D.; DUNNE, THOMAS; FAIRCHILD, L. H., Toutle River drainage, June 1980-June 1981. 1983, Flow properties of the Mt. St. Helens mudflow LEHRE, A. K.; DUNNE, THOMAS; FAIRCHILD, L. H.; materials. COLLINS, B. D., 1981, Erosion of sediments released SMITH, J. D.; W1GMOSTA, M. S.; DUNNE, TIIOMAS, by the 1980 eruptions of Mt St Helens [abstract]. 1983, Mechanical properties of the 1980 mudflow in the LOMBARD, R. E.; l\1ILES, M. B.; NELSON, L. M.; nonh fork of the Tout.le River [abstract]. KRESCH, D. L.; CARPENTER, P. J., 1981, Channel STOCKTON, S. 1982, Design and performance of conditions in the Lower Toutle and Cowlitz Rivers L.: sediment stabilization projects on the Toutle River resulting from the mudflows of May 18, 1980. following the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mt. St Helens.* 158 MASS MOVEMENTS - LAHARS AND MUDFLOWS - TOUTLE RIVER SYSTEM

U.S. CONGRESS, HOUSE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC MOEN, W. S., 1977, St. Helens and Washougal mining WORKS AND TRANSPORTATION, 1985, Mount St. districts of the southern Cascades of Washington. Helens sediment control, Washington (Toutle, Cowlitz, SCHRIENER, ALEXANDER, 1977, General geology and and Columbia Rivers). selected base metal distributions in the southern Cascade U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 1982, Hydrologic effects Range, Washington. of Mount St. Helens eruption [abstract]. WOLFE, S. P., 1984, Au and Ag content in fresh Quaternary VANONI, V. A., 1982, Comments on sedimentation calc-al.kalic andesites. ' problems resulting from the eruption of Mt. St. Helens. WOLFE, S. P.; BORNHORST, T. J.; ROSE, W. I., JR., WASHINGTON DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND 1984, Abundance of gold and silver in fresh Quaternary EARTH RESOURCES, 1980, Toutle River receives calc-al.kalic andesites [abstract]. extensive damage. ZAPFFE, CARL, 1912, The geology of the St Helens WIGMOSTA, M. S ., 1983, Rheology and flow dynamics of mining district of Washington. the Toutle debris flows from Mt. St. Helens. WIGMOSTA, M. S.; FAIRClilLD, L. H.; S:MITH, J. D.; MINERALOGY DUNNE, THOMAS, 1981, Application of hydrographs see also VOLCANIC ASH · MINERALOGY constructed for the May 18, 1980 mudflows on the Toutle River, Washington [abstract]. GARCIA, M. 0., 1977, Crystal clots, amphibole WIGMOSTA, M. S.; FAIRClilLD, L. H.; SMITH, J. D.; fractionation, and the evolution of calc-al.kaline magmas DUNNE, THOMAS; FLANIGAN, PETER, 1981, Field [abstract]. evidence for the dynamics of the Toutle River mud.flows, May 18, 1980 [abstract]. GARCIA, M. O.; JACOBSON, S. S., 1979, Crystal clots, amphibole fractionation and the evolution of McBride Lake, see LAKES - MCBRIDE LAKE calc-al.kaline magmas. RICE, ALAN, 1986, Explosive volcanism-A source of MERCURY shocked minerals at the K/I' boundary? [abstract].

HOLMES, JENNY; WAUGH, KATIIl..EEN, 1983, MOUNT ST. HELENS NATIONAL VOLCANIC Targeting geothermal exploration sites in the Mount St. MONUMENT Helens area using soil mercury surveys.* SIEGEL, B. Z.; SIEGEL, S. M., 1982, Mercury content of ADAMS, A. B.; HINCKLEY, K. E.; HINZMAN, C.; Equisetum plants around Mount St. Helens one year after LEFFLER, S. R, 1986, Recovery of small mammals in the major eruption. three habitats in the northwest sector of the Mount St Helens National Volcanic Monument. SIEGEL, S. M.; SIEGEL, B. Z., 1984, Regional differences in plant-soil mercury relations in Equisetum, Plantago ARNOLD, SCOTT, 1984, Discovering Mount St. and Taraxacum. Helens-A guide to Mount St Helens National Volcanic Monument VAREKA.MP, J. C.; BUSECK, P. R., 1981, Mercury emissions from Mount St. Helens during September , D. G., 1984, Establishing the Mount St. Helens 1980. National Volcanic Monument. CRAWFORD, B. A., 1986, Recovery of game fish Merrill Lake, see LAKES · MERRILL LAKE populations impacted by the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens; Part II, Recovery of surviving fish Meta Lake, see LAKES · META LAKE populations within the lakes in the Mount Saint Helens MINERAL RESOURCES National Volcanic Monument and adjacent areas. CRAWFORD, B. A., 1986, The recovery of surviving fish ASIIl...EY, R. P.; EV ARTS, R. C., 1980, Geology and ore populations within the Mount St Helens National deposits of the St. Helens mining district, Washington Volcanic Monument and adjacent area. [abstract]. JOHNSON, K. R., CHAIRMAN; WAIIT, R. B., JR., Gll..BERTSON, GORDON, 1980, A post eruption field trip. EDITOR; AND OTHERS, 1983, Interpretation and HOUGLAND, EVEREIT, 1935, A report on a geologic development program for Mount St. Helens National reconnaissance of the St Helens mining district, Volcanic Monument. Washington. PINE CREEK AND PINE CREEK BASIN 159

PREUSSER, H. L. R., 1986, Planning procedures on LISLE, T. E.; LEHRE, A. K.; MARTINSON, H. A.; different levels for a protected area around Mount St. MEYER, D. F.; NOLAN, K. M.; SMITH, R. D., 1983, Helens. Stream channel adjustments after the 1980 Mount St. SHANE, SCOIT, 1985, Discovering Mount St Helens-A Helens eruptions. guide to the National Volcanic Monument. MARTINSON, H. A.; FINNERAN, S. D.; TOPINKA, L. J ., U.S. CONGRESS, 1982, Public Law 97-243-An act to 1984, Changes in channel geomorphology of six designate the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic eruption-affected tributaries of the Lewis River, Monument in the State of Washington, and for other 1980-82, Mount St. Helens, Washington. purposes. MARTINSON, H. A.; HAMMOND, H. E.; MAST, W.W.; U.S. CONGRESS, HOUSE COMlvITITEE ON MANGO, P. D., 1986, Channel geometry and hydro logic AGRICULTURE, 1982, Mount St. Helens national data for six eruption-affected tributaries of the Lewis volcanic area-Joint hearings ... March 11, 1982, River, Mount St. Helens, Washington, water years Washington D. C., April 3, 1982, Vancouver, 1983-84. Washington. MARTINSON, H. A.; MEYER, D. F.; JANDA, R. J ., 1982, U.S. FOREST SERVICE, 1984, Mount St. Helens National Storm-induced changes in channel morphology of Volcanic Monument, draft environmental impact mudflow-impacted streams. [abstract]. statement, comprehensive management plan. PIERSON, T. C., 1985, Initiation and flow behavior of the U.S. FOREST SERVICE, 1985, Mount St. Helens National 1980 Pine Creek and Muddy River lahars, Mount St. Volcanic Monument, final environmental impact Helens, Washington. statement, comprehensive management plan. Mudflows, see MASS MOVEMENTS · LAHARS MOUNT ST. HELENS SEISMIC ZONE AND MUDFLOWS

see also EARTHQUAKES AND National Volcanic Monument, see MOUNT ST. SEISMOLOGY HELENS NATIONAL VOLCANIC MONUMENT BURGER, R. W.; LANGSTON, C. A., 1984, Source North Coldwater Lake, see LAKES - NORTH mechanism of the May 18, 1980 St Helens eruption from COLDWATER LAKE regional surface waves [abstract]. GRANT, W. C.; WEAVER, C. S., 1986, Earthquakes near Nuclear facilities, see TROJAN NUCLEAR SITE Swift Reservoir, Washington, 1958-1963---Seismicity (OREGON] along the southern St. Helens Seismic Zone. Petrology, see IGNEOUS PETROLOGY GRANT, W. C.; WEAVER, C. S.; ZOLLWEG, J.E., 1984, The 14 February 1981 Elk Lake, Washington, earth­ Physiographic diagrams, see MAPS • quake sequence. PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIAGRAMS WEAVER, C. S .; GRANT, W. C .• 1984, Seismic fault zones beneath Mount St. Helens, Washington (abstract]. Pictorial works, see GENERAL WORKS (1980). PICTORIAL WEAVER, C. S.; SMITH, S. W., 1981, The St. Helens seismic zone-A major crustal fault zone in western PINE CREEK AND PINE CREEK BASIN Washington [abstract]. WEAVER, C. S.; SMITH, S. W., 1983, Regional tectonic CUMMANS, JOHN, 1981, Mudflows resulting from the and earthquake hazard implications of a crustal fault May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St Helens, zone in southwestern Washington. Washington. FUSTE, L. A., 1981, Effects of the Mount St Helens MUDDY RIVER eruption on the benthic fauna of the Toutle River, Muddy River, and Pine Creek drainage basins, Washington. CUMMANS, JOHN, 1981, Mudflows resulting from the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St Helens, LISLE, T. E.; LEHRE, A. K.; MARTINSON, H. A.; Washington. MEYER, D. F.; NOLAN, K. M.; SMITH, R. D., 1983, Stream channel adjustments after the 1980 Mount St. FUSTE, L. A., 1981, Effects of the Mount St Helens Helens eruptions. eruption on the benthic fauna of the Toutle River, Muddy River, and Pine Creek drainage basins, Washington. 160 PINE CREEK AND PINE CREEK BASIN

MARTINSON,H.A.;FINNERAN,S.D.;TOPINKA,L.J., KARTEZ, J. D., [1982), Emergency planning implications 1984, Changes in channel geomorphology of six of local governments' responses to Mount St. Helens. eruption-affected tributaries of the Lewis River, KELLEY, W. J.; KARTEZ, J. D., 1986, Social response 1980-82, Mowll St. Helens, Washington. demands-Implications for disaster preparedness MARTINSON, H. A.; HAMMOND, H. E.; MAST, vi. W.; [abstract). MANGO, P. D., 1986, Channel geometry and hydrologic MILLER, C. D.; CRANDELL, D. R.; MULLINEAUX, data for six eruption-affected tributaries of the Lewis D. R., 1984, Recommendations for volcanic-hazards River, Mount St. Helens, Washington, water years assessments and land-use planning based on U.S. 1983-84. Geological Survey experiences during the 1980 MARTINSON, H. A.; MEYER, D. F., 1983, Stream eruptions of Mount St. Helens, State of Washington, channel adjustments to 1980 lahars and subsequent U.S.A storm-flow, Mount SL Helens [abstract]. OSMUND, ED, 1980, ML St. Helens contingency plan, MAR TINSON, H. A.; lv1EYER, D. F.; JANDA, R. J ., 1982, April 1980. Storm-induced changes in channel morphology of MONTAGUE, JOHN, 1986, Mount St. Helens-Invaluable mudflow-impacted streams. [abstract). lessons in disaster planning, preparedness and resource PIERSON, T. C., 1985, Initiation and flow behavior of the allocation [abstract). 1980 Pine Creek and Muddy River lahars, Mount St. PREUSSER, H. L. R., 1986, Planning procedures on Helens, Washington. different levels for a protected area around Mount St. Helens. PINE CREEK ASSEMBLAGE PRUITI, J. R.; EDGREN, JIM; HAMNER, BOB; CRANDELL, D. R.; MULLINEAUX, D. R., 1973, Pine HAUGEN, GORDON; HOWES, STEVE; Creek volcanic assemblage at Mount St Helens, PATIERSON, PETE; STEWARD, JOHN; SWANK, Wac;hington. JERRY, 1980, Mount St. Helens emergency watershed rehabilitation report. PLANNING PRUITI, J. R.; EDGREN, JIM; HAMNER, BOB; see also EMERGENCY RESPONSE HAUGEN, GORDON; HOWES, STEVE; STEW ARD, JOHN; SWANK, JERRY, 1981, Mount SL Helens emergency watershed rehabilitation report-1981 BALlvlER, D. G., 1984, Establishing the Mount SL Helens follow-up. National Volcanic Monument TANAKA, J.M. C., 1981, Comparison of hypothetical and BRANTLEY, STEVEN, 1985, Mount St. Helens study actual lahar impaccs on public service delivery systems yields useful insights. [abstract]. CAUGHLAN, C. A., 1981, Mt St. Helens contingency U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, 1983, A plan. comprehensive plan for responding to the long-tenn CLARY, BRUCE; MACFADDEN, SANDRA; CEASE, threat created by the eruption of Mount SL Helens, RONALD, 1982, Floodplain management in the ML St Washington. Helens watershed-Implications for local government. U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, POR1LAND COWLI1ZCOUNTY DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY DISTRICT. 1984, Mount St. Helens, Washington DEVELOPMENT, 1983, Toutle-Cowlitz watershed feasibility report and environmental impact stalement. * management plan. U.S. CONGRESS, 1982, Public Law 97-243-An act to CRANDELL, D. R.; HOBLITI, R. P., 1986, Lateral blasts designate the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic at Mount St. Helens and hazard zonation. Monument in the State of Washington, and for other HULL, A. N., 1982, Mount SL Helens-The value of purposes. preparing a meteorological and hydrological contin­ U.S. CONGRESS, HOUSE COMMITIEE ON gency plan for a highly unlikely event-Volcanic AGRICULTURE, 1982, Mount St. Helens national eruption. volcanic area-Joint hearings ... March 11, 1982, JOHNSON, K. R., CHAIRMAN; W AITI, R. B., JR., Washington D. C., April 3, 1982, Vancouver, EDITOR; AND OTHERS, 1983, Interpretation and Washington. development program for Mount SL Helens National Volcanic Monument. PYROCLASTIC FLOWS AND DEPOSITS (1980) 161

U.S. FOREST SERVICE, 1981, Draft environmental HYDE, J. H., 1975, Upper Pleistocene pyroclastic-flow impact statement-Mount St. Helens land management deposits and lahars south of Mount St. Helens volcano, plan, Cowlitz, Lewis and Skamania Counties, Washington. Washington. JILLSON, W. R., 1921, Physiographic effects of the U.S. FOREST SERVICE, 1981, Final environmental volcanism of Mt. St. Helens. impact statement-Mount St. Helens land management VERHOOGEN, JEAN, 1936, Geology of Mount St Helens, plan, Cowlitz, Lewis and Skamania Counties, Washington. Washington. VERHOOGEN, JEAN, 1937, Mount St Helens-A recent U.S. FOREST SERVICE, 1984, Mount St. Helens National Cascade volcano. Volcanic Monument, draft environmental impact statement, comprehensive management plan. PYROCLASTIC FLOWS AND DEPOSITS (1980) U.S. FOREST SERVICE, 1985, Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, final environmental impact BEESON, D. L.; SELF, STEPHEN, 1985, Supercritical statement, comprehensive management plan. flow in pyroclastic flows [abstract]. U.S. GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFF1CE, 1982, Federal BEESON, D. L.; SELF, STEPHEN; MCPHERSON, J. G., involvement in the Mount St. Helens disaster-Past 1984, Mega cross-bedding in pyroclastic flow expenditures and future needs; Report to the Congress of deposits-A product of high energy, high aggradation the United States by the Comptroller General. deposition on steep slopes [abstract].* WASHIN'GTON DEPARTMENT OF EMERGENCY CRISWELL, C. W., 1983, Chronology, morphology and SERVICES, 1980, State of Washington hazard stratigraphy of pumiceous pyroclastic-flow deposits mitigation report for the eruption of Mt. St. Helens; (ignimbrite) from Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980 FEMA-623-DR-WA declared May 21, 1980. [abstract]. WESSON, R. L., 19?3, The eruption of Mount St. CRISWELL, C. W., 1984, Depositional facies of the May Helens-Entering the era of real-time geology. 18, 1980 pumiceous pyroclastic-flow deposits at Mount St. Helens [abstract]. Plants, see BIOLOGY - FLORA CRISWELL, C. W.; ELSTON, W. E., 1982, Criteria for identifying pyroclastic flows on high- and low­ Plate tectonics, STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY see resolution images-The Mount St Helens pumice plain. Plume, see VOLCANIC PLUME CRISWELL, C. W.; ELSTON, W. E., 1984, Chronology, morphology and stratigraphy of pumiceous pyroclastic­ Prediction of eruption, see ERUPTION flow (ignimbrite) deposits from the eruption of Mount PREDICTION St Helens on 5/18/83 [sic]. FISHER, R. V., 1982, May 18, 1980 blast pyroclastic flow PYROCLASTIC FLOWS AND DEPOSITS (BEFORE 1980) deposits, Mount St. Helens, Washington [abstract]. FISHER, R. V ., 1984, Blast deposit facies, Mount S l. Helens CRANDELL, D. R.; MULLINEAUX, D. R., 1973, Pine [abstract]. Creek volcanic assemblage at Mount St. Helens, FISHER, R. V., 1986, Systems of transport and deposition Washington. within pyroclastic surges-Evidence from Mount St. CRANDELL, D. R.; MULLINEAUX, D. R.; RUBIN, Helens, Washington [abstract). MEYER; SPIKER, ELLIOTT; KELLEY, M. L., 1981, HARDEE, H. C., 1981, Thermal property measurements in Radiocarbon dates from volcanic deposits at Mount St. a fresh pumice flow at Mt. St. Helens. Helens, Washington. HICKSON, C. J.; BARNES, W. C., 1981, Vector analysis HOBLITT, R. P., 1978, Emplacement mechanisms of of grain orientation in the May 18, 1980 'lateral blast' unsorted and unstratified deposits of volcanic rock debris deposits at Mount St Helens, with implications for lhe as detennined from paleomagnetically-derived emplace­ mechanism of flo"Y [abstract]. ment-temperature infonnation. * IDCKSON, C. J.; BARNES, W. C., 1982, The initial HOBLITI, R. P.; KELLOGG, S., 1979, Emplacement K. pyroclastic surge at Mount St Helens and its deposits. temperatures of unsorted and unstratified deposits of volcanic rock debris as detennined by paleomagnetic ffiCKSON, C. J .; BARNES, W. C., 1986, The directed blast techniques. at Mount St. Helens, May 18, 1980--Surge or flow? 162 PYROCLASTIC FLOWS AND DEPOSffS (1980)

HICKSON, C. J.; IDCKSON, PAUL; BARNES, W. C., MALIN, M. C.; SHERIDAN, M. F., 1982, Computer­ 1982, Weighted vector analysis applied to surge deposits assisted mapping of pyroclastic surges. from the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, MILLER, C. D.; HOBLIIT, R. P., 1980, Stratigraphy of Washington. deposits produced by the May 18, 1980, lateral blast at HOBLITT, R. P., 1980, Observations of pyroclastic flows Mount St Helens, Washington [abstract]. of July 22 and August 7, 1980, Mount St Helens, MOORE, J. G., 1981, The pyroclastic surge of May 18, Washington [abstract]. 1980, Mount St. Helens, Washington [abstract]. HOBLIIT, R. P., 1984, Observations bearing on the nature MOORE, J. G.; SISSON, T. W., 1981, Deposits and effects of the directed bl~t of May 18, 1980, at Mount St. of the May 18 pyroclastic surge. Helens, Washington [abstract]. MOYER, T. C., 1982, Deposits of the phreatic-explosion HOBLIIT, R. P., 1986, Observations of the eruptions of pits of the 18 May, 1980 Mount St Helens pyroclastic July 22 and August 7, 1980, at Mount St. Helens, flows [abstract]. Washington. MOYER, T. C.; SELF, STEPHEN; SYKES,M. L.; NEAL, HOBLIIT, R. P.; BANKS, N. G.; RYAN, M. P.; C. A., 1982, Pyroclastic flow deposits of Mt.. St. Helens, ROSENBAUM, J. G.; DAVIS, M. J., 1980, 1980-82-An evaluation of emplacement mechanisms Emplacement temperatures of Mt. St. Helens eruptive [abstract]. products [abstract]. NEAL, C. A.; SELF, STEPHEN, 1982, Surface features of HOBLITT, R. P.; MILLER, C. D., 1984, Comments and small volume pyroclastic flows, Mt. St. Helens reply on "Mount St Helens 1980 and Mount Pelee [abstract]. 1902-F1ow or surge?"; Comment. NEAL, C. A.; SELF, STEPHEN, 1982, Surface topography HOBLIIT, R. P.; Mil..LER, C. D.; VALLANCE, J. W., and emplacement mechanism of pyroclastic flows, Mt. 1981, Origin and stratigraphy of the deposit produced by St. Helens-Implications for interpretation of Martian the May 18 directed blast volcanic terrains. HOBLIIT, R. P.; REYNOLDS, R. L.; LARSON, E. E., POUGH, F. H., 1980, Nuee ardente eruptions and Mt St. 1985, Suitability of non welded pyroclastic-flow deposits Helens. for studies of magnetic secular variation-A test based on deposits emplaced at Mount St. Helens, Washington, ROOTH, G. H., 1980, A personal account of a nuee ardente in 1980. on Mount St Helens during the eruption of May 18, 1980. IRVING,A.J.;RHODES,J. M.;SPARKS,J. W., 1980, Mt. St. Helens lava dome, pyroclastic flow and ash ROWLEY,P.D.;KUNTZ,M.A.;MACLEOD,N.S., 1981, samples-Major and trace element chemistry [abstract]. Pyroclastic-flow deposits. KUNTZ, M. A.; ROWLEY, P. D.; MACLEOD, N. S.; ROWLEY, P. D.; MACLEOD, N. S.; KUN'IZ, M.A.; REYNOLDS, R. L.; MCBROOrv!E, L.A.; KAPLAN, A. KAPLAN, A. M., 1985, Proximal bedded deposits M.; LIDKE, D. J., 1981, Petrography and particle-size related to pyroclastic flows of May 18, 1980, Mount St. distribution of pyroclastic-flow, ash-cloud, and surge Helens, Washington. deposits. SISSON, T. W.; MOORE, J. G., 1980, Deposits and effects LEHRE, A. K.; DUNNE, THOMAS; FAIRCIDLD, L. H.; of the May 18, 1980 Mount St. Helens pyroclastic surge COLLINS, B. D., 1981, Erosion of sediments released [abstract]. by the 1980 eruptions of Mt SL Helens [abstract]. SYKES, M. L.; SELF, STEPHEN, 1981, Pyroclastic flows LOGAN, R. L. (JOSH), 1981, Some petrographic of Mt. St. Helens, Washington, May-July, 1980 characteristics of pumice from the 1980 Mount St. [abstract]. Helens pyroclastic flows. W AIIT, R. B., JR., 1980, Stratigraphic relations between LOGAN, R. L. (JOSH), 1982, Physical characteristics of the deposits of lateral surge, debris flow, and catastrophic Mount St Helens pyroclastic flow deposits [abstract].* floodwater at Mount St. Helens, 18 May 1980 [abstract]. LOGAN, R. L., 1983, Temporal trends in the geochemistry W AIIT, R. B., JR., 1981, Devastating pyroclastic density and petrology of the Mount St. Helens pyroclastic flow flow and attendant air fall of May 18-Stratigraphy and deposits. sedimentology of deposits. MACLEOD, N. S.; KUNTZ, M.A.; ROWLEY, P. D.; W AIIT, R. B., ;TR., 1984, Comments and reply on "Mount HOBLITT, R. P., 1980, Pyroclastic flows of the 1980 St. Helens 1980 and Mount Pelee 1902-Flow or eruptions of Mount SL Helens, Washington [abstract]. surge?"; comment. REMOTE SENSING 163

W AIIT, R. B., JR., 1984, Devastating pyroclastic density CARSON, R. J., 1983, Ground and aerial photography for current and related vertical column of cataclysmic monitoring and predicting volcanic activity, with Mount SL Helens eruption, 18 May 1980. emphasis on the 1980 eruption of Mount SL Helens, W AIIT, R B., JR.; DZURISIN, DANIEL,. 1980, Washington. Stratigraphic framework of the 18 May 1980 eruption of CLEMENT, W. V., 1985, Airborne video thermal Mount SL Helens [abstract]. infrared-Detection of geothermal areas on Mount St. WALKER, G. P. L., 1984, Characteristics of dune-bedded Helens, Washington. pyroclastic surge bedsets.* CRISWELL, C. W., 1984, Mount St. Helens- Intra­ WALKER, G. P.L.; MCBROOME,L. A., 1983, Mount St. eruption geologic map from x-band radar, 1310 & 1350 Helens 1980 and Mount Pelee 1902- Flow or surge? HRS PDT, May 18, 1980 [abstract]. WALKER, G. P. L.; MORGAN, L. A., 1984, Comments CRISWELL, C. W.; ELSTON, W. E., 1982, Criteria for and reply on "Mount St. Helens 1980 and Mount identifying pyroclastic flows on high- and low­ Pelee-Flow or surge?"; Reply. resolution images-The Mount St. Helens pumice plain. WICHERSKI, B. P.; SWANSON, F. J.; S:MITH, R. D., CRISWELL, C. W.; ELSTON, W. E., 1985, Intra-eruption 1981, Erosion of 1980 deposits of Mount SL Helens geologic map from an x-ray radar image during the May [abstract]. 18, 1980 eruption of Mount SL Helens, Washington. WILSON, LIONEL; HEAD, J. W., 1981, Morphology and DILLMAN, R. D.; HWKLE, R. E.; KERR, R. L., 1981, rheology of pyroclastic flows and their deposits, and High-altitude radar assessment of the damage caused by guidelines for future observations. the volcanic eruption of Mount St. Helens. EDMAN, D. A.; SELIN, RICHARD, 1981, A note on the PYROCLASTIC FLOWS AND DEPOSITS (POST Mt. Saint Helens volcanic eruption. 1980) FORD, J. P.; REBILLARD, P., 1981, Examples of HALLIDAY, W. R., 1983, Further observations on the sequential radar images from Washington, Arizona, and Spirit Lake pseudokarst.* Alaska. MOYER, T. C.; SELF, S1EPHEN; SYKES, M. L.; NEAL, FRIEDMAN, J. D., 1982, Thermal energy at Mount St. C. A., 1982, Pyroclastic flow deposits of Mt. SL Helens, Helens [abstract]. 1980-82-An evaluation of emplacement mechanisms FRIEDMAN, J. D.; FRANK, D. G., 1977, Thermal [abstract]. surveillance of active volcanoes using the LANDSAT-I WAGNER, RICHARD; WALKER, R. B., 1986, Mineral data collection system; Part III. Heat discharge from nutrient availability in some Mount St. Helens surface Mount SL Helens, Washington. samples. FRIEDMAN, J. D.; FRANK, D. G., 1981, Aerial infrared mapping of thermal activity at Cascade Range volcanoes Quaternary, [abstract]. see FRIEDMAN,J. D.;FRANK,D. G.; KIEFFER, H. H., 1980, Infrared surveys of emerging dacite dome, Mount St. GEOCHRONOLOGY Helens volcano, Washington, during June 1980 VOLCANIC ASH· STRATIGRAPHY [abstract]. Radioactivity surveys, see GEOPHYSICS. FRIEDMAN, J. D.; FRANK, D. G.; KIEFFER, H. H.; RADIOACTIVITY SURVEYS SAWATZKY, D. L., 1981, Thennal infrared surveys of the May 18 crater, subsequent lava domes, and Radiocarbon dating, see GEOCHRONOLOGY associated volcanic deposits.

REMOTE SENSING GINSBERG, I. W., 1982, Thennal infrared imagery of the Cascade Range volcanics. see also GEOPHYSICS HARDING, R. A., 1982, Aerial photos and maps of the event area [abstract]. BIRNIE, R. W.; HOLCO:MB, R. T.; SWANSON, D. A.; HARRIS, D. M.; ROE, ROBERT; ROSE, W. I., JR., 1980, LANGE, I. M., 1983, Infrared thermal survey of the lava Radar observations of the July 22 and August 7, 1980 dome, Mt St. Helens [abstract]. eruptions of Mount St. Helens [abstract]. BOHN, C. G.; BLY, B. G., 1981, Landsat observations of Mount St. Helens. 164 REMOTE SENSING

HARRIS, D. M.; ROSE, W. I., JR.; ROE, ROBERT; ROSENFELD, C. L.; BEACH, G. L., 1983, Evolution of a THOMPSON, M. R., 1981, Radar observations of ash drainage network- Remote sensing analysis of the eruptions. North Fork Toutle River, Mount SL Helens, Washington. HINKLE, R. E.; EAV, B. B.; PRILL, J.C.; JOHNSON, WELCH, R. I.; BOHN, C. G., 1981, Assessment of the T. E.; DILLMAN, R. D., 1980, Mount SL Helens quick Mount St Helens devastated area by Landsat and U-2 response damage assessment-Final report. aircraft data [abstract]. HINKLE,R. E.;PRILL,J. C.;PRUITT,J. R., 1981,Mount WELCH, R. I.; BOHN, C. G.; ARVESEN, J.C.; BLY, B. St. Helens quick response damage assessment using G., 1982, Assessment of Mount St Helens devastated high-altitude infrared photography. area by Landsat and U-2 aircraft data. KIEFFER, H. H., 1981, Radar observations at Mount St. Helens [abstract]. RIVER MORPHOLOGY KIEFFER, H. H.; FRANK, D. G., 1980, Thermal infrared BEACH, G. L.; DZURISIN, DANIEL, 1984, Drainage observations of Mt St Helens, March-May 1980 evolution in the debris avalanche deposits near Mount [abstract]. St. Helens, Washington. KIEFFER,H.H.;FRANK,D.G.;FRIEDMAN,J.D.,1980, BEACH, G. L.; PARSONS, M. R.; PEARSON, M. L.; Thermal infrared observations of Mt. St. Helens ROSENFELD, C. L., 1984, Post-eruption [abstract]. geomorphology of the North Fork Toutle River Valley, KIEFFER,H. H.;FRANK,D. G.; FRIEDMAN,J.D., 1981, in the vicinity of Mount St Helens, Washington Thermai infrared surveys at Mount St Helens­ [abstract]. Observations prior to the eruption of May 18. BRADLEY,J. B., 1984, Transition of a meandering river to KIEFFER, H. H.; FRANK, D. G.; FRlEDMAN, J. D.; a braided system due to high sediment concentration SAWATZKY, D. L., 1984, Aerial infrared surveys at flows. Mount St Helens, Washington [abstract]. BRADLEY, J. B.; GRAHAM, J. D., 1983, Effects of high KRIMMEL, R. M.; POST, AUSTIN, 1981, Oblique aerial sediment concentrations on bed.forms and river photography, March-October 1980. hydraulics [abstract]. LAWREN CE, D. B., 1939, Continuing research on the flora BRADLEY, J.B.; SIMPSON, D. P .; TEMKO, H. M., 1982, of Mt. St. Helens. Estimates of Cowlitz-Toutle River system sedimen­ tation. MAZAMA RESEARCH CO:MMITTEE, 1943, Aerial photographs of Mount St Helens. ERICKSON, KAROL; LETIENMAIER, D. P.; BURGES, S. J ., 1980, Assessment of runoff response changes in the MILLER, C. D.; BOBLITT, R. P., 1981, Volcano upper Cowlitz River basin related to Mount St. Helens monitoring by closed-circuit television. ash deposition [abstract]. MOORE, G. K.; SHEEHAN, C. A., COMPILERS, 1981, LISLE, T. E.; LEHRE, A. K.; MARTINSON, H. A.; Evaluation of radar imagery for geologic and carto­ MEYER, D. F.; NOLAN, K. M.; SMITH, R. D., 1983, graphic applications; summary report of investigations. SLream channel adjustments after the 1980 Mount St MOORE, J. G.; ALBEE, W. C., 1981, Topographic and Helens eruptions. structural changes,March-J uly 1980-Photogrammetric LOMBARD, R. E., 1986, Channel geometry, flood data. elevations, and flood maps, lower Toutle and Cowlitz NATURE, 1984, Latest view of Mount St. Helens. Rivers, Washington, June 1980 to May 1981. PREUSSER, H. L. R., 1984, Mount St Helens­ LOMBARD, R. E.; MILES, M. B.; NELSON, L. M.; Anwendungsbereiche von Femerkundungsverfahren KRESCH, D. L.; CARPENTER, P. J., 1981, Channel [Mount St Helens-The external scope of remote conditions in the Lower Toutle and Cowlitz Rivers sensing]. resulting from the mud.flows of May 18, 1980. RICE, C. J., 1981, Satellite observations of the Mount St. MARTINSON, H. A., 1982, Channel geomorphology, Helens eruption of 18 May 1980. sediment movement, and channel changes of Pine and ROSE, W. I., JR.; HARRIS, D. M., 1980, Radar Muddy Rivers-Mount St. Helens. observations of ash clouds from the May 18, 1980 Mount MARTINSON,H.A.;FINNERAN,S.D.;TOPINKA,L.J., St. Helens eruption [abstract]. 1984, Changes in channel geomorphology of six ROSENFELD, C. L., 1980, Remote sensing of the Mount eruption-affected tributaries of the Lewis River, St. Helens eruption, May 18, 1980.* 1980-82, Mount St. Helens, Washington. Soap Lake 165

MARTINSON, H. A.; HAMMOND, H. E.; MAST, W.W.; MASS MOVEMENTS · LAHARS AND MANGO, P. D ., 1986, Channel geometry and hydro logic MUDFLOWS data for six eruption-affected tributaries of the Lewis SOILS River, Mount St. Helens, Washington, water years STREAM SEDIMENTS 1983-84. VOLCANIC ASH MARTINSON, H. A.; MEYER, D. F., 1983, Stream Seismic surveys, see GEOPHYSICS · SEISMIC channel adjusunents to 1980 lahars and subsequent SURVEYS storm-flow, Mount St Helens [abstract]. MARTINSON, H. A.; MEYER, D. F.; JANDA, R. J ., 1982, Seismology, see EARTHQUAKES AND Storm-induced changes in channel morphology of SEISMOLOGY mudflow-impacted streams. [abstract]. SHULTZ CREEK MEYER, D. F.; JANDA, R. J ., 1985, Erosional development of the North Fork Toutle debris avalanche deposit OLSON, C. G., 1981, Use of stratigraphy in studying [abstract]. erosion of recent tephra, Shultz Creek, Mt St. Helens. MEYER, D. F.; JANDA, R. J., 1986, Sedimentation Washington [abstract]. downstream from the 18 May 1980 North Fork Toulle Silver, see MINERAL RESOURCES River debris avalanche deposit, Mount St Helens, Washington. Silver Lake, see LAKES · SILVER LAKE MEYER, D. F.; NOLAN, K. M.; DODGE, J.E., 1986, Post-eruption changes in channel geometry of streams in Skamania Co. the Toutle River drainage basin, 1980-82, Mount St. Helens, Washington. Note: The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens impacted much of Skamania County. See specific aspects, e.g.: PARSONS, M. R., 1984, Changes in tributary channel lengths in the North Fork Toutle River Basin [abstract). HYDROLOGY PARSONS, M. 1985, Spatial and temporal changes in R., MASS MOVEMENTS - AVALANCHES AND stream network topology- Post-eruption· drainage, LANDSLIDES Mount St Helens.* MASS MOVEMENTS· LAHARS AND PEARSON, M. L., 1985, Geomorphological analysis of MUDFLOWS North Fork ToutleRiver, Washington-1980-1984.* VOLCANIC ASH· DISTRIBUTION] PEARSON, M. L., 1986, Sediment yields from the debris SMITH CREEK avalanche for water years 1980-1983. ROSENFELD, C. L.; BEACH, G. L., 1983, Evolution of a CUMMANS, JOHN, 1981, Mud.flows resulting from the drainage network-Remote sensing analysis of the May 18, ·1980, eruption of Mount St Helens, North Fork TouLle River, Mount St. Helens, Washington. Washington. MARTINSON, H. A.; FINNERAN, S. D.; TOPINKA, L. J., Rivers - Biological effects, see LIMNOLOGY 1984, Changes in channel geomorphology of six eruption-affected tributaries of the Lewis River, Ryan Lake, LAKES - RY AN LAKE see 1980-82, Mount St. Helens, Washington. St. Helens Lake, see LAKES - ST. HELENS MARTINSON, H. A.; HAMMOND, H. E.; MAST, W.W.; LAKE MANGO, P. D., 1986, Channel geometry and hydrologic data for six eruption-affected tributaries of the Lewis St. Helens mining district, see 'MINERAL River, Mount St. Helens, Washington, water years RESOURCES 1983-84.

Sediments Snow surveys, see GLACIER AND SNOW SURVEYS see Soap Lake, see LAKES - SOAP LAKE LAKE SEDIMENTS MASSMOVEMENTS-AVALANCHESAND LANDSLIDES 166 SOCJALASPECIS

SOCIAL ASPECTS PERRY, R. W .; LINDELL, M. K., 1986, Twentieth century volcanicity at Mt St. Helens- The routinization of life ANDERSON, JEREMY, 1982, Mount St. Helens May 18 near an active volcano; final report. ashfall-The human ecology of an unanticipated natural SAARINEN, T. F.; SELL, J. L., 1985, Warning and hazard. response tO the Mount St. Helens eruption. BEALS, H.K.; CLINE, SCOTT; KOLER, J. M, 1981, On SHORT, J. F., JR., 1980, Interest groups report-Social the mountain's brink-A Forest Service history of the impacts. 1980 Mount St. Helens volcanic emergency. TAKAHASHI, TAMOTSU, 1981, Volcanic hazard BROWN, W. L., 1982, Areas of controversy. phenomena and response of people due to the eruption DILLMAN, D. A.; SCHWALBE, M. L.; SHORT, J. F., JR., of Mount St. Helens. 1982, Communication behavior and social impacts TANAKA, J.M. C., 1986, The St Helens trials-II. following the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St TANAKA, J.M. C., 1986, Volcano trial. Helens. WARREN, G. H.; KAUFMAN, D. E.; HAMMOND, K. A., DILLMAN, D. A.; SHORT,J. F.,JR., 1980, Social impacts 1982, Come hell and high water-Mt. St. Helens and the of volcanic ash fallout on eastern Washington. federal response on the lower Cowlitz River. DILLMAN, J. J.; ROBERTS, M. L., 1982, The impact of WARRICK, R. A.; ANDERSON, JEREMY; DOWNING, the May 18 Mount St Helens ashfall-Eastern THOMAS; LYONS, J. V.; RESSLER, JOHN; Washington residents report on housing-related damage WARRICK, MARY; WARRICK, THEODORE, 1981, and cleanup. Four communities under ash-After Mount St. Helens. DORAN, JEFFRY, 1980, Search on Mount St. Helens. WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF EMERGENCY GREENE, M. R.; PERRY, R. W.; LINDELL, M. K., 1980, SERVICES, 1980, State of Washington hazard The March, 1980 eruptions of Mt St. Helens-Citizen mitigation report for the eruption of Mt. St. Helens; perceptions of volcano hazard. FEMA-623-DR-WAdeclaredMay 21, 1980. GREENE, M. R.; PERRY, R. W.; LINDELL, M. K., 1981, The March 1980 eruptions of Mt St Helens-Citizen ·SOILS perceptions of volcano threat. see also VOLCANIC ASH - SOIL EFFECTS KARTEZ,J. D.; KELLEY, W.J. (BILL), 1982,Emergency . planning and the adaptive local response tO Mount St ANDERSON, A. C.; KUNKLE, MERRILL; SCijLOTS, Helens' eruption [abstract]. F. E.; KLAUSS, DON; LOUNSBURY, CLARENCE, KELLEY, W. J.; KARTEZ, J. D., 1986, Social response 1956, Soil survey of Skamania County, Washington. demands-Implications for disaster preparedness ,P. W.;SHROBA,R.R., 1974, Thestatusof [abstract]. the concept of Quaternary soil-forming intervals in the KENNEDY, T. L., 1980, Social sciences' research on Mt. western United States. St. Helens' ash-Planned and in progress. BORCHARDT, G. A., 1970,Neutron activation analysis for LANGRAN, KENNETH; TERICH, THOMAS, 1982, correlating volcanic ash soils.* Government response tO the Mount St Helens CALL, W. A., 1974, Soil survey of Cowlitz area, disaster-A study of perceptions and attitudes in the Washington. Longview-Kelso and Yakima areas. LAWRENCE, D. B., 1938, Trees on the march. LEONHARDY, FRANK, 1982, The impact of ashfalls on UGOLINI, F. C.; SLETTEN, S., 1982, A study of soil prehistoric peoples-May 18 as an analog [abstract]. R development of newly perturbed sites on Mt St Helens MURPHY, S. A., 1981, Coping with stress following a [abstract]. natural disaster-The volcanic eruption of Mt St Helens.* WAGNER, RICHARD; WALKER, R. B., 1986, Mineral nutrient availability in some Mount St Helens surface NEWHALL, C. G., 1984, Semiquantitative assessment of samples. changing volcanic risk at Mount St Helens, Washington. PERRY, R. W.; GREENE, M. R.; LINDELL, M. K., 1980, South Fork Castle Creek Lake, see LAKES • Human response to volcanic eruption-Mt. St. Helens, SOUTH FORK CASTLE CREEK LAKE May 18, 1980. Spirit Lake, see LAKES - SPIRIT LAKE STREAM SEDIMENTS (1980) 167

Spirit Lake outlet tunnel, see TUNNELS STREAM SEDIMENTS (1980)

SQUAW CREEK BRADLEY, J. B., 1982, Cowlitz River basin sedimenl yields [abstract]. 11JRTON, D. J., 1982, Sediment transport in a small BRADLEY,J. B.; SIMPSON,D.P.; 1EMKO,H. M., 1982, mountain stream draining a volcanic ash covered watershed in the Cascade foothills of southwestern Estimates of Cowlitz-Toutle River system sedimen­ Washington. tation. COLLINS, B. D.; DUNNE, THOMAS; LEHRE, A. K., STRATIGRAPHY 1982, Sediment influx to the Toutle River from erosion oftephra, May 1980-May 1981. see also VOLCANIC ASH - STRATIGRAPHY COLLINS, B. D.; DUNNE, THOMAS; LEHRE, A. K., 1983, Erosion of tephra-covered hillslopes north of Mount St Helens, Washington- May 1980-May 1981. AUSTIN, S. A., 1985, Modem catastrophic processes at Mount St. Helens and their implications for the DINEHART, R. L.; CULBERTSON, J. K., 1982, stratigraphic record [abstract]. Sediment-discharge characteristics of the Toutle River following the Mount St. Helens eruption [abstract]. BORCHARDT,G. A., 1970,Neutronactivationanalysisfor correlating volcanic ash soils.*. DINEHART, R. L.; RITTER, J. R.; KNOTT, J. M., 1981, Sediment data for streams near Mount St. Helens, CRANDELL, D. R.; MULLINEAUX, D. R.; RUBIN, Washington-Volume 1, 1980 water-year data. MEYER; SPIKER, ELLIOTT; KELLEY, M. L., 1981, Radiocarbon dates from volcanic deposits at Mount St. DUNNE, THOMAS, 1983, Introduction and welcome. Helens, Washington. FAIRCHILD, L. H.; WIGMOSTA, M. S.; SMITH, J. D.; HICKSON,C.J.;BARNES, W. C., 1986, The directed blast DUNNE, THOMAS, 1982, Application of hydrographs at Mount St. Helens, May 18, 1980-Surge or flow? constructed for the May 18, 1980 m udflows on the Toutle River, Washington [abstract]. HYDE, J. H., 1973, Late Quaternary volcanic stratigraphy, south flank of Mount St Helens, Washington.* FREY, B. E.; LARA-LARA, 1. R.; SMALL, L. F., 1983, Reduced rates of primary production in the Columbia MAJOR, J. J.; VOIGIIT, BARRY, 1986, Sedimentology River estuary following the eruption Mt Saint Helens on and clast orientations of the 18 May 1980 18 May 1980. southwest-flank lahars, Mount St. Helens, Washington. INVERSO, G. A., 1982, The scour, transpon and deposition MILLER, C. D.; HOBLITT, R. P., 1980, Stratigraphy of of Mt St Helens ash in a laboratory setting- A model. deposits produced by the May 18, 1980, lateral blast at Mount St Helens, Washington [abstract]. JANDA,R. J.; MEYER, D. F., 1985, Fluvial sedimentation following Quaternary eruptions of Mount St. Helens, MULLINEAUX, D. R.; CRANDELL, D. R., 1960, Late Washington [abstract]. Recent age of Mount St Helens volcano, Washington. LEHRE, A. K.; COLLINS, B. D.; DUNNE, THOMAS, ROWLEY, P. D.; MACLEOD, N. S.; KUN1Z, M. A.; 1982, Preliminary post-eruption sediment budget for the KAPLAN, A. M., 1985, Proximal bedded deposits North Fork Toutle River drainage, 1une 1980-May 1981. related to pyroclastic flows of May 18, 1980, Mount St Helens, Washington. MOORE, P. A.; REESE, 1. R., 1982, Sediment physical and chemical analyses on the Cowlitz and Columbia River W AITI, R. B., JR., 1980, Stratigraphic relations between subsequent to the 18 May 1980 Mt St. Helens eruption. deposits of lateral surge, debris flow, and catastrophic floodwater at Mount St. Helens, 18 May 1980 [abstract]. PEARSON, M. L., 1986, Geomorphological analysis of North Fork Toutle River, Washington- 1980-1984 WOLFE, J. A., 1961, Age of the Keechelus andesitic series [abstract]. of the Cascade Range, Washington. PEARSON, M.L.; ROSENFELD, C. L., 1985, Geomorphic YAMAGUCHI, D. K.; HOBLITT, R. P., 1986, Tree-ring approach to sediment yields on the North Fork Toutle dating of Mount St Helens flowage deposits emplaced River, Washington 1980-1984 [abstract]. in the valley of the South Fork Toutle River Washington, during the past 350 years [abstract]. PEREIRA, W. E.; ROSTAD, C. E.; TAYLOR, H. E.; KLEIN, J. M., 1982, Characterization of organic STREAM SEDIMENTS, see also MASS contaminants in environmental samples associated with MOVEMENTS· LAHARS AND MUDFLOWS Mount St. Helens 1980 volcanic eruption. 168 STREAM SEDIMENTS (1980)

U.S . ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, COMMITTEE ON MARTINSON, H. A.; MEYER, D. F., 1983, Stream CHANNEL STABILIZATION, 1985, Columbia­ channel adjustments to 1980 lahars and subsequent Cowlitz-Toutle Rivers, Washington, restoration sub­ storm-flow, Mount St Helens [abstract]. sequent to Mt. St. Helens eruption. MARTINSON, H. A.; MEYER, D. F.; JANDA, R. J ., 1982, VACCARO, J. J., 1982, Toutle River basin rainfall-runoff Storm-induced changes in channel morphology of sediment model. mudflow-impacted streams. [abstract]. V ANON!, V. A., 1982, Comments on sedimentation PEARSON, M. L., 1986, Geomorphological analysis of problems resulting from the eruption of Mt. St. Helens. North Fork Toutle River, Washington-1980-1984 [abstract]. STREAM SEDIMENTS (POST 1980) PEARSON, M. L., 1986, Sediment yields from the debris BRADLEY, J. B., 1981, Mt. St Helens sediment avalanche for water years 1980-1983. transport- The first year [abstract]. PEARSON, M. L.; ROSENFELD, C.L., 1985, Geomorphic BRADLEY, J. B., 1986, Hydraulics and bed material approach to sediment yields on the North Fork Toulle transport at high fine suspended sediment con­ River, Washington 1980-1984 [abstract]. centrations.* SLOTTA, L. S.; COBOS, C.R.; MUSTAIN, R. S., 1983, BRADLEY, J. B.; SIMPSON, D. P.; BURCH, B. H.; Shoaling of Port of Astoria, Oregon, by sediment from COLLISTER, J. L., 1982, Physical propenies of Mt St Mt. St Helens eruption. Helens mudflow and sediment deposits. TURTON, D. J., 1982, Sediment transport in a small BRADLEY, J. B.; SIMPSON, D. P.; TEMKO, H. M., 1982, mountain stream draining a volcanic ash covered Estimates of Cowlitz-Toutle River system sedimen­ watershed in the Cascade foothills of southwestern tation. Washington.

BROWN, B. J.; THOMAS, W. A., 1982, Numerical model Stream sediments - Biological aspects, see of sediment movement Cowlitz-Toutle Rivers, BIOLOGY Washington. COLLINS, B. D.; DUNNE, THOMAS; LEHRE, A. K., STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY 1982, Sediment influx to the Toutle River from erosion of tephra, May 1980-May 1981. BANKS,N. G.; BENNETT, C. A.; SCHMIDT,J. M., 1978, Maps of photo lineaments and geomorphological DINEHART, R. L., 1986, Sediment data for streams near features in the Spirit Lake quadrangle, Washington. Mount St Helens, W ashington-Volurne 2, Water years 1981-83. BRA.ILE, L. W., 1970, The isostatic condition and crustal structure of Mount Saint Helens as determined from DINEHART, R. L.; CULBERTSON, J. K., 1982, gravity data. Sediment-discharge characteristics of the Toutle River following the Mount St. Helens eruption [abstract]. , J.C., 1980, Mount St. Helens-The geophysics of volcanoes. DUNNE, THOMAS, 1983, Introduction and welcome. LANSFORD, HENRY, 1981, Vulcan's chimneys­ HEALY, M. J.; CARSON, BOBB, 1983, Dispersal rates of Subduct..ion-zone volcanism. Mount St. Helens ash across the Washington continental shelf-1980-1981 [abstract]. MOORE, J. G.; ALBEE, W. C., 1980, Topographic and structural changes of Mount St Helens, March-July JANDA, R. J .; MEYER, D. F., 1985, Fluvial sedimentation 1980--Photograrnmetric data [abstract]. following Quaternary eruptions of Mount St Helens, Washington [abstract]. NASSAU, K., 1981, Plates, quakes, volcanoes, and Mt. St. Helens-Pan I, Plate tectonics. LEHRE, A. K.; COLLINS, B. D.; DUNNE, THOMAS, 1982, Preliminary post-eruption sediment budget for the NASSAU, K., 1981, Plates, quakes, volcanoes, and Mt. St. Nonh Fork Toutle River drainage, June 1980-May 1981. Helens-Pan II, Earthquakes and related phenomena. MARTINSON,H.A.;FINNERAN,S.D.;TOPINKA,L.J., PAINE,J. G., 1982, Crustal structure of volcanic arcs based 1984, Changes in channel geomorphology of six on physical properties of andesites, volcaniclastic rocks, eruption-affected tributaries of the Lewis River, and inclusions in the Mt. St. Helens lava dome. 1980-82, Mount St. Helens, Washington. PAINE, J. G.; CHRISTENSEN, N. I., 1981, Crustal structure in southwestern Washington-Implications from wave velocities in Mount St. Helens lava inclusions [abstract]. TOPOGRAPHY 169

SWANSON, D. A., 1985, Graben fonnation, thrust faulting, and growth of the dacite dome, Mount St. Helens, SWIFT CREEK ASSEMBLAGE Washington, May-June 1985 [abstract]. HYDE, J. H., 1975, Upper Pleistocene pyroclastic-flow WEAVER, C. S., 1982, Tectonic influence on 1980activiry deposits and lahars south of Mount St Helens volcano, [abstract]. Washington. WEA VER, C. S., 1986, Geothennal seismotectonic · studies.• SWIFT RESERVOIR WEA VER, C. S.; ENDO, E. T.; MALONE, S. D., 1981, RYAN, P. J.; ELDER, R. A.; GARDINER, S. R. M., 1984, Seismic evidence for fault dominated magma transport Prediction of dam overt0pping due to mudflows. at Mount St Helens, Washington [abstract]. WEA VER, C. S.; SMITH, S. W., 1981, The St. Helens Tectonics, see STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY seismic zone-A major crustal fault zone in western Tephra, Washington [abstract]. WEA VER, C. S.; SMITH, S. W., 1983, Regional tectonic see and earthquake hazard implications of a crustal fault zone in southwestern Washington. PYROCLASTIC FLOWS AND DEPOSITS VOLCANIC ASH , R. S.; ROSENFELD, C. L., 1981, NW- and NE-trending fracture system at Mt St Helens volcano, Tephrochronology, see GEOCHRONOLOGY Washington [abstract]. Thermal surveys STUDY GUIDES see see also GUIDEBOOKS BLAST - THERMAL SURVEYS GEOPHYSICS - THERMAL SURVEYS CHRIS1MAN, R. A., 1982, Ashfall in Washington­ GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES Courtesy of Mount St. Helens. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GEOLOGY Thorium, see GEOCHRONOLOGY TEACHERS, 1982, The eruption of Mount St Helens. Tilt surveys, see GEOPHYSICS · TILT SEESHOLTZ, D. H., 1982, Mount St Helens, a once in a SURVEYS lifetime interpretive opponuniry [abstract]. WASHINGTON EDUCATIONAL SERVICE DISTRICT Topographic maps, see MAPS · TOPOGRAPHIC 112, 1980, Mount St. Helens classroom activities­ TOPOGRAPHY Elementary. WASHINGTON EDUCATIONAL SERVICE D1STR1CT see also MAPS· TOPOGRAPHIC 112, 1980, Mount St. Helens classroom activities­ Secondary. DENLINGER, R. P.; JOHNSON, D. J.; DZURISIN, DANIEL, 1983, Bulle density of Mount St Helens SWIFT CREEK volcano [abstract].

MARTINSON,H.A.;FINNERAN,S.D.;TOPINKA,L.J., JILLSON, W. R., 1921, Physiographic effects of the 1984, Changes in channel geomorphology of six volcanism of Mt. St. Helens. eruption-affected tributaries of the Lewis River, MCAL1STER, E. H., 1903, Report on the altitude of St. 1980-82, Mount St. Helens, Washington. Helens. MARTINSON, H. A.; HAMMOND, H. E.; MAST, W. W.; MOORE, J. G.; ALBEE, W. C., 1980, Topographic and MANGO, P. D., 1986, Channel geometry andhydrologic structural changes of Mount St Helens, March-July data for six eruption-affected tributaries of the Lewis 1980-Photogrammetric data [abstract]. River, Mount St. Helens, Washington, water years NEAL, C. A.; SELF, STEPHEN, 1982, Surface topography 1983-84. and emplacement mechanism of pyroclastic flows, Mt. St. Helens-Implications for interpretation of Martian volcanic terrains. 170 TOPOGRAPHY

VERHOOGEN, JEAN, 1936, Geology of Mount St Helens, JENNINGS, M. E.; SCHNEIDER, V. R.; SMITH, P. E., Washington. 1981, Emergency assessment of Mount St Helens VERHOOGEN, JEAN, 1937, Mount St Helens-A recent post-eruption flood hazards, Toulle and Cowlitz Rivers, Cascade volcano. Washington. LAWYER, D. E., 1980, Corps of Engineers response to lhe TOUTLE RIVER SYSTEM · BIOLOGY eruption of Mt. St. Helens. see also LIMNOLOGY LAWYER, D. E., 1980, Navigation and flooding. LETTENMAIER, D. P.; BURGES, S. J., 1981, Estimation FUSTE, L. A., 1981, Effects of the Mount St Helens of flood frequency changes in the Toutle and Cowlitz eruption on the benthic fauna of the Toutle River, Muddy River basins following the eruption of Mt. St. Helens. River, and Pine Creek drainage basins, Washington. LOMBARD, R. E., 1986, Channel geometry, flood K.ARLSTROM, E. L., 1986, Amphibian recovery in the elevations, and flood maps, lower Toulle and Cowlitz North Fork Toutle River debris avalanche area of Mount Rivers, Washington, June 1980 to May 1981. St Helens. ORWIG, C. E.; MATHISON, J. M., 1982, Forecasting LUCAS, R. E., 1986, Recovery of game fish populations considerations in Mount Saint Helens affected rivers. impacted by the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. PARSONS, M. R.; BEACH, G. L.; KEENAN, B. L.; Helens. ROSENFELD, C. L., 1983, Drainage development in the MARTIN, D. J.; WASSERMAN, L. J.; JONES, R. P.; lahar blockage area, Mt. St Helens, Washington SALO, E. 0., 1982, Effects of the eruption of Mount St. [abstract]. Helens on salmon populations and habitat of the Toutle SCHUSTER, R. L., 1985, Landslide dams in the western River. .. United States. MARTIN, D. J.; WASSERMAN, L. J.; JONES, R. P.; STOCKTON, S. L., 1982, Design and performance of SALO, E. 0 ., 1984, Effects of Mount St Helens eruption sediment stabilization projects on the Toutle River on salmon populations and habitat in the Toutle River. following the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mt. St Helens.* PIIlNNEY, D. E., 1980, Observations on the effects of the STOCKTON, S. L., 1983, Engineering response to flood Mt. St. Helens eruption on salmon populations and hazards created by the eruption of Mount St. Helens. salmon culture facilities. SWIFT, C.H., ill; KRESCH, D. L., 1983, Mud.flow hazards PIIlNNEY, D. E., 1982, General overview of the immediate along the Toutle and Cowlitz Rivers from a hypothetical and longer-term effects of Mount St Helens on the failure of Spirit Lake blockage. salmon resources. U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, COMMIITEE ON STOBER, Q.J.; ROSS, B. D.; :MELBY, C.L.; DINNEL,P. CHANNEL STABILIZATION, 1985, Columbia­ A.; JAGIELO, T. H.; SALO, E. 0., 1982, Effect of Cowlitz-Toutle Rivers, Washington, restoration suspended volcanic sediment on coho and Chinook subsequent to Mt St Helens eruption. salmon in the Toutle and Cowlitz Rivers. U.S. CONGRESS, HOUSE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC TOUTLE RIVER SYSTEM · ENGINEERING WORKS AND TRANSPORTATION, 1985, Mount St. GEOLOGY Helens sediment control, Washington (Toulle, Cowlitz, and Columbia Rivers). BRADLEY,J.B.;SIMPSON,D.P.;TEMKO,H.M, 1982, VACCARO, J. J., 1982, Toutle River basin rainfall-runoff Estimates of Cowlitz-Toutle River system sedirnen­ sediment model. ation. WASHINGTON DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND BROWN, B. J.; THOMAS, W. A., 1982, Numerical model EARTH RESOURCES, 1981, River cleanup conlinues. of sediment movement Cowlitz-Toutle Rivers, Washington. WILSON, R. C., 1981, Interactions between ground motion and ground failure. CARPENTER, P. J ., 1982, New lakes of North Fork Toutle River- Mount St Helens. YOUD, T. L.; WILSON, R. C., 1980, Stability of Toutle River blockage-Mt. St Helens hazards investigations. JENNINGS, M. E.; SCHNEIDER, V. R.; SMITH, P. E., 1981, Computer assessments of potential flood hazards YOUD, T. L.; WILSON, R. C.; SCHUSTER, R. L., 1981, from breaching of two debris dams, Toutle River and Stability of blockage in North Fork Toutle River. Cowlitz River systems. TOUTLE RIVER SYSTEM - LAHARS, MUD FLOWS AND STREAM SEDIMENTS 171 ..

TOUTLE RIVER SYSTEM - GUIDEBOOKS CUlvfMANS, JOHN, 1981, Chronology of m udflows in the South Fork and North Fork Toutle River following the FRI1Z, W. J.; FISK, L. H.; HARRISON, SYLVIA, 1982, May 18 eruption. Mount St Helens road log-A visit to the lower Toutle CUMMANS, JOHN, 1981, Mud.flows resulting from the and Cowlitz River drainages to observe the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St Helens, sedimentology, transported trees, and other effects of Washington.* mud.flows resulting from the eruptions of May 18, 1980, DINEHART, R. L., 1983, Patterns of sediment concen­ and March 19, 1982. tration in hyperconcentrated flows at Mount St Helens, TILFORD, NORMAN; KENT, RICHARD, 1981, Mount Washington [abstract].* St Helens and the geology of Lewis and Toutle Rivers. DINEHART,R. L.; CULBERTSON,}. K., 1982, Sediment~ TOUTLE RIVER SYSTEM - HYDROLOGY discharge characteristics of the Toutle River following the Mount St Helens eruption [abstract]. DATTA, BITIIlN; LETI'ENMAIER, D. P.; BURGES, S. DUNNE, THOMAS; LEOPOLD, L. B., 1981, Flood and J., 1983, Assessment of changes in storm and seasonal sedimentation hazards in the Toutle and Cowlitz River runoff response of watersheds impacted by Mt St. system as a result of the Mt. St. Helens eruption. Helens ash deposition. DUNNE, THOMAS; SMITH, J. D.; WIGMOSTA, M. S., HINDIN, ERVIN, 1983, Occurrence of organic compounds 1983, Field evidence for the flow properties of the Toutle in water and stream sediments due to the Mt St Helens Valley mud.flows. eruptions. FAIRCHILD, L. H., 1984, Initiation of the North Fork .U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 1982, Hydrologic effects Toutle River lahar by liquefaction of debris avalanche of Mount St Helens eruption [abstract]. deposits during the May 18, 1980 Mt St Helens eruption VANONI, V. A., 1982, Comments on sedimentation [abstract].* problems resulting from the eruption of Mt. St. Helens. FAIRCHILD,L. H.; DUNNE, THOMAS, 1981,Prediction of future mud.flow hazard on the Toutle and Cowlitz TOUTLE RIVER SYSTEM • LAHARS, Rivers, Washington [abstract]. MUDFLOWS AND STREAM SEDIMENTS FAIRCHILD, L. H.; WIGMOSTA, M. S., 1983, Dynamic BRADLEY, J. B., 1981, Mt. St Helens sediment and volumetric characteristics of the 18 May 1980 lahars transport-The first year [abstract]. on the Toutle River, Washington. BRADLEY, J. B., 1982, Cowlitz River basin sediment FAIRCHILD, L. H.; WIGMOSTA, M. S.; SMITH, J. D.; yields [abstract]. DUNNE, THOMAS, 1982, Application of hydrographs constructed for the May 18, 1980 m udflows on the Toutle BRADLEY, J.B., 1984, Transition of a meandering river to River, Washington [abstract]. a braided system due to high sediment concentration flows. FRITZ, W. J.; FISK, L. H.; HARRISON, SYLVIA, 1982, Mount St Helens road log- A visit to the lower Toutle BRADLEY, J. B.; SIMPSON, D. P.; BURCH, B. H.; and Cowlitz River drainages to observe the sedimen­ COLLISTER, J. L .. 1982, Physical properties of Mt. St. tology, transported trees, and other effects of mud.flows Helens mud.flow and sediment deposits. resulting from theeruptionsofMay 18, 1980,andMarch BRADLEY,J. B.; SIMPSON,D. P.; TEMKO,H. M., 1982, 19, 1982. Estimates of Cowlitz-Toutle River system sedimen­ GILKEY, K. E., 1982, Sedimentology of debris flows tation. generated during the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens BROWN, B. J.; THOMAS, W. A., 1982, Numerical model [abstract]. of sediment movement Cowlitz-Toutle Rivers, HINDIN, ERVIN, 1983, Occurrence of organic compounds Washington. in water and stream sediments due to the Mt St Helens COLLINS, B. D.; DUNNE, THOMAS; LEHRE, A. K., eruptions. 1982, Sediment influx to the Toutle River from erosion LAWYER, D. E., 1980, Navigation and flooding. oftephra, May 1980-May 1981. LEHRE, A. K.; COLLINS, B. D.; DUNNE, THOMAS, COLLINS, B. D.; DUNNE, THOMAS; LEHRE, A. K., 1982, Preliminary post-eruption sediment budget for the 1983, Erosion of tephra-covered hillsiopes north of North Fork Toutle River drainage, June 1980-May 1981. Mount St Helens, Washington-May 1980-May 1981. 172 TOUTLE RIVER SYSTEM - LAHARS, MUD FLOWS AND STREAM SEDIMENTS

LEHRE, A. K.; COLLINS, B. D.; DUNNE, THOMAS, PIERSON, T. C., 1982, Elevation profiles for mudflows in 1983, Post-eruption sediment budget for the North Fork streams after the May 18 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Toutle River drainage, June 1980-June 1981. PIERSON, T. C.; SCOTI, K. M., 1985, Downstream LEHRE, A. K.; DUNNE, THOMAS; FAIRCHILD, L. H.; dilution of a lahar-Transition from debris flow to COLLINS, B. D., 1981, Erosion of sediments released hyperconcentrated stream flow.• by the 1980 eruptions of ML SL Helens [abstract]. SJ\.1ITH, J. D.: DUNNE, THOMAS; FAIRCHILD, L. H., LO"MBARD, R. E.; MILES, M. B.; NELSON, L. M.; 1983, Flow properties of the ML St. Helens mudflow KRESCH, D. L.; CARPEN1ER, P. J., 1981, Channel materials. conditions in the Lower Toutle and Cowlitz Rivers SMITH, J. D.; WIGMOSTA, MS.; DUNNE, THOMAS, resulting from the mudflows of May 18, 1980. 1983, Mechanical properties of the 1980 mudflow in the LO"MBARD, R. E.; MILES, M. B.; NELSON, L. M.; nonh fork of the Toutle River [abstract]. KRESCH, D. L.; CARPENTER, P. J., 1981, The impact STOBER,Q.J.; ROSS, B. D.; MELBY,C. L.; DINNEL,P. of mudflows of May 18 on the lower Toutle and Cowlitz A.; JAGIELO, T. H.; SALO, E. 0., 1982, Effect of Rivers. suspended volcanic sediment on coho and Chinook MARTIN, D. J.; WASSERMAN, L. J.; JONES, R. P.; salmon in the Toutle and Cowlitz Rivers. SALO, E. 0., 1982, Effects of the eruption of Mount St. STOCKTON, S. L., 1982, Design and performance of Helens on salmon populations and habitat of the Toutle sediment stabilization projects on the Toutle River River. following the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mt. SL Helens.• MARTIN, D. J.; WASSERMAN, L. J.; JONES, R. P.; SWIFT, C.H., III; KRESCH, D. L., 1983, Mudllow hazards SALO,E. 0., 1984,EffectsofMountSt. Helens eruption along the Toutle and Cowlitz Rivers from a hypothetical on salmon populations and habitat in the Toutle River. failure of Spirit Lake blockage. MARTINSON, H. A.; MEYER, D. F., 1983, Stream U.S. CONGRESS, HOUSE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC channel adjustments to 1980 lahars and subsequent WORKS AND TRANSPORTATION, 1985, Mount SL storm-flow, Mount St Helens [abstract]. Helens sediment control, Washington (Toutle, Cowlitz, MARTINSON, H. A.; MEYER, D. F.; JANDA, R. J., 1982, and Columbia Rivers). Storm-induced changes in channel morphology of U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 1982, Hydrologic effects mudflow-impacted streams. [abstract). of Mount St Helens eruption [abstract]. MEYER, D. F.; J ANDA,R. J ., 1985, Erosional development VACCARO, J. J .• 1982, Toutle River basin rainfall-runoff of the Nonh Fork Toutle debris avalanche deposit sediment model. [abstract). VANONI, V. A., 1982, Comments on sedimentation MEYER, D. F.; JANDA,R. J.; MARTINSON, H. A., 1982, problems resulting from the eruption of Mt. St. Helens. Initial and subsequent drainage basin and channel responses to the 1980 eruption of Mount St Helens WIGMOSTA, M. S .• 1983, Rheology and now dynamics of [abstract]. the Toutle debris flows from Mt. St. Helens. MILLS, H. H., 1984, Clast orientation in Mount St Helens WIGMOSTA, M. S.; FAIRCHILD, L. H.; SMITH. J. D.; debris-flow deposits, Nonh Fork Toutle River, DUNNE, THOMAS, 1981, Application of hydrographs Washington. constructed for the May 18, 1980 mudflows on the Toutle River, Washington [abstract). PARSONS, M. R.; BEACH, G. L.; KEENAN, B. L.; ROSENFELD, C. L., 1983, Drainage development in the WIGMOSTA, M. S.; FAIRCHILD, L. H.; SMlTH, J. D.; lahar blockage area, Mt. St Helens, Washington DUNNE, THOMAS; FLANIGAN,PETER, 1981,Field [abstract]. evidence for the dynamics of the Tou tle River mudflows, May 18, 1980 [abstract]. PEARSON, M. L., 1985, Geomorphological analysis of North Fork Toutle River, Washington-1980-1984.* TOUTLE RIVER SYSTEM · PLANl\'ING AND PEARSON, M. L.; ROSENFELD, C. L., 1985, Geomorphic EMERGENCY RESPONSE approach to sediment yields on the Nonh Fork Toutle River, Washington 1980-1984 [abstract]. COWLITZCOUNTYDEPARTMENTOFCOMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, 1983, Toutle-Cowlitz watershed PHINNEY, D. E., 1980, Observations on the effects of the management plan. Mt. St. Helens eruption on salmon populations and salmon culture facilities. VOLCANIC ASH [GENERAL WORKS] 173

TOUTLE RIVER SYSTEM - RIVER SWEET, H. R.; EDWARDS, J.E., 1983, Mount St. Helens MORPHOLOGY eruptive impacts to the Toutlc Community ground-water supply. see also RIVER MORPHOLOGY TROJAN NUCLEAR SITE [OREGON]

BEACH, G. L.; PARSONS, M. R.; PEARSON, M. L.; BEAULIEU, J. D.; PETERSON, N. V., 1981, Seismic and ROSENFELD, C. L., 1984, Post-eruption volcanic hazard evaluation of the Mount St Helens area, geomorphology of the North Fork Toutle River Valley, Washington relative to the Trojan Nuclear Site, in the vicinity of Mount St Helens, Washington Oregon.* [abstract]. KRESCH, D. L.; LAENEN, ANTONIUS, 1984, BRADLEY, J. B ., 1984, Transition of a meandering river to Preliminary estimate of possible flood elevations in the a braided system due to high sediment concentration Columbia River at Trojan Nuclear Power Plant due to flows. failure of debris dam blocking Spirit Lake, Washington. LISLE, T. E.; LEHRE, A. K.; MARTINSON, H. A.; :MEYER, D. F.; NOLAN, K. M.; SMITH, R. D., 1983, TUNNELS Stream channel adjustments after the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruptions. JONES, BRONWEN, 1985, Tunnelling in North America's volcanic zone. LOMBARD, R. E., 1986, Channel geometry, flood elevations, and flood maps, lower Toutle and Cowlitz SAGER, J. W.; CHAMBERS, D.R., 1986, Design and Rivers, Washington, June 1980 to May 1981. construction of the Spirit Lake outlet tunnel, Mount St. Helens, Washington. LOMBARD, R. E.; MILES, M. B.; NELSON, L. M.; KRESCH, D. L.; CARPEN1ER, P. J., 1981, Channel SAGER, J. W.; GRIFFITIIS, J. B.; FARGO, N. J., 1984, conditions in the Lower Toutle and Cowlitz Rivers Spirit Lake outlet tunnel. resulting from the mudflows of May 18, 1980. U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, 1984, Spirit Lake MARTINSON, H. A.; :MEYER, D. F., 1983, Stream outlet tunnel; design memorandum no. 1. channel adjustments to 1980 lahars and subsequent Uranium, see GEOCHRONOLOGY storm-flow, Mount St Helens [abstract]. MARTINSON, H. A.; :MEYER, D. F.; JANDA, R. J., 1982, VANCOUVER, WASH. Storm-induced changes in channel morphology of mudflow-impacted streams. [abstract]. SHOREY ,E. F.; ROTH, L. H.; RIECK, R. W., 1983, Mount St Helens ash-Suitability for use as engineered fill. :MEYER, D. F.; JANDA, R. J ., 1985, Erosional development of the North Fork Toutle debris avalanche deposit Vehicle effects, see VOLCANIC ASH - [abstract]. MACHINE EFFECTS :MEYER, D. F.; JANDA, R. J.; MARTINSON, H. A., 1982, Initial and subsequent drainage basin and channel Venus Lake, see LAKES - VENUS LAKE responses to the 1980 eruption of Mount St Helens [abstract]. VIDEO STUDIES

PARSONS, M. R., 1984, Changes in tributary channel LOGAN, R. L.; MANSON, C. J., 1983, Mount St. lengths in the North Fork Toutle River Basin [abstract]. Helens-Annotated index to video archives. PEARSON, M. L., 1985, Geomorphological analysis of MILLER, C. D.; HOBLIIT, R. P., 1981, Volcano North Fork Toutle River, Washington- 1980-1984.* monitoring by closed-circuit television. ROSENFELD, C. L.; BEACH, G. L., 1983, Evolution of a drainage network-Remote sensing analysis of the VOLCANIC ASH [GENERAL WORKS] North Fork Toutle River, Mount St. Helens, Washington. HALL, C. W., 1980, Capabilities for volcanic-ash related TOUTLE, WASH. research. PROCHASKA, CAROL, 1981, Mount SL Helens-The SWEET, H. R., 1981, Mt St Helens eruptive impacts to the aftermath of ash Sunday. Toutle community ground water supply [abstract]. QAMAR, ANTHONY; ST. LAWRENCE, W. F.; MOORE, J. N.; KENDRICK, GEORGE, 1981, Earthquakes and ash eruptions at Mt. St. Helens [abstract]. 174 Volcanic ash - Biological aspects

Volcanic ash . Iliological aspects, see BIOLOGY VOLCANIC ASH· DISTRIBUTION (1980 AND POST 1980) Volcanic ash. Climatic effects, see CLIMATIC EFFECTS OF VOLCANIC ASH ACKERMAN, M.; LlPPENS, C.; LECHEV ALLIER, M., 1980, Volcanic material from Mount SL Helens in the Volcanic ash · Disposal, see VOLCANIC ASH· stratosphere over Europe. ENGINEERING ASPECTS ACORD, J.E., 1980, Montana. VOLCANIC ASH · DISTRIBUTION (BEFORE ANDERSON, R. Y.; DEAN, W. E.; NUHFER, E. B.; 1980} GARDNER, J. V., 1984, Limits of sensitivity in Holocene climatic records from western North America DAVIS, P. T., 1982, Tephrochronology, Davis Lake, [abstract]. southwest Washington [abstract].* ANDERSON,R. Y.;NUHFER,E. B.; DEAN, W.E., 1984, DAVIS, P. T.; BARNOSKY, C. W.; STUIVER, .MINZE, Sinking of volcanic ash in uncompacted sediment in 1982, A 20,000 yr record of volcanic ashfalls, Davis Williams Lake, Washington. Lake, southwestern Washington (abstract]. ANDERSON, R. Y.; NUHFER, E. B.; DEAN, W. E.; FEDERMAN, A. N ., 1983, Correlation of tephra layers on DELMASTRO, G. A., 1984, Sedimentology of Mt. St. the Columbia River Plateau, south-central Washington Helens tephra at Merrill, Soap, and Williams Lakes, [abstract]. Washington, USA [abstract]. FOLEY, L. L., 1983, Chronology of loess deposits and BROWN, L.A., 1980, Mount St. Helens ash fallout impact paleosols, southeastern Washington [abstract]. assessment report. JUVIGNE, ETIENNE; PORTER, S. C., 1985, BURGGRAF, D. R.; TiilEBEN, S. E.; WHJTE, H. J.; Mineralogical variations within two widespread tephra THOMPSON, GREG; FEIBEL, CRAIG, 1981, The layers from Cascade Range volcanoes, U.S.A. October 16, 1980 eruption of Mount Saint MULLINEAUX, D. R.; HYDE, J. H.; RUBIN, MEYER, Helens-Characteristics of tephra from near Cougar, 1975, Widespread late glacial and postglacial tephra Washington [abstract]. deposits from Mount SL Helens volcano, Washington. CAREY, S. N., 1982, Studies on the generation, dispersal MULLINEAUX, D.R.; WILCOX, R. E.; EBAUGH, W. F.; and deposition of tephra in the marine and terrestrial FRYXELL, ROALD; RUBIN, MEYER, 1977, Age of environment. the last major scabland flood of eastern Washington, as CAREY, S. N.; SIGURDSSON, HARALDUR, 1982, inferred from associated ash beds of Mount SL Helens Influence of particle aggregation on deposition of distal set S [abstract). tephra from the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. NIMLOS, T. J.; ZUURING, HANS, 1982, The distribution Helens volcano. and thickness of volcanic ash in Montana. CAREY, S. N.; SIGURDSSON, HARALDUR, 1982, PARRISH,J. L., 1906, Eruption of Mount St. Helens. Particle aggregation and a fallout model for May 18, SMITH, H. W.; OKAZAKI, ROSE, 1982, Downwind 1980 Mount St. Helens ash [abstract]. tephra from Mount St. Helens before 1980 [abstract].* CHRISTMAN, R. A., 1982, Ashfall in Washington­ STRADLING, D. F.; KIVER, E. P., 1982, Depositional Courtesy of Mount St. Helens. environments of late Pleistocene Mount St. Helens ash CHUNG, Y.-S.; GALLANT, A. J.; FANAKI, FOUAD; in the northeastern channeled scablands of the Columbia NllLLAN, M. M., 1981, On the observations of Mount interrnontane [abstract].* St. Helens volcanic emissions; research note. STRADLING, D. F.; KIVER, E. P., 1986, The significance COCHRAN, B. D., 1982, Preliminary petrography of of volcanic ash as a stratigraphic marker for the late primary and secondary, redeposited tephras from the Pleistocene in northeastern Washington. 1980 Mount SL Helens eruption [abstract]. WESTGATE, J. A., 1977, Identification and significance of CRABTREE, J.; KITCHEN, M., 1984, The long-range late Holocene tephra from Otter Creek, southern British travel and dispersion of the plume from the Mount St. Columbia, and localities in west-central Alberta. Helens volcano. D'ALTORIO. ALFONSO; VISCONTI, GUIDO, 1981, Lidar detection of volcanic aerosols in the atmosphere following the Mount St. Helens eruption. VOLCANIC ASH - DISTRIBUTION (1980 AND ?OST 1980) 175

DAHLGREN, RANDY, 1984, Impact of tephra pertur­ HAR1Z, K. E.; BHAGAT, S. K.; STARLIN, L.A.; MOTT, bations on a forest soil in the Abies amabilis zone. H. V .; KRN ANEK, K. R., 1984, Attenuation ofleachate DANIELSEN, E. F., 1981, Trajectories of the Mount St. generated from co-disposal of volcanic ash and solid Helens eruption plume. waste. DANIELSEN, E. F., 1982, Mount St Helens plume HEALY, M. J.; CARSON, BOBB, 1983, Dispersal rates of dispersion based on trajectory analyses. Mount St. Helens ash across the Washington continental shelf-1980-1981 [abstract]. DAITA, BITHIN; LEITENMAIER, D. P.; BURGES, S. J., 1983, Assessment of changes in stonn and seasonal HINKLEY, TODD, 1980, Tracing the continuing fallout of runoff response of watersheds impacted by Mt St. Mt St. Helens ash by precise measurement of a suite of Helens ash deposition. major, minor and trace metals of geologic interest [abstract). DAY, T. G.; FISHER, J.E., 1980, ML St Helens-How a wastewater plant coped with its aftennath. HINKLEY, TODD; LICHTE, F. E.; TAYLOR, H. E.; SMITH, K. S., 1980, Composition of ash and its DELUISI, J. J.; MENDONCA, B. G.; HANSON, K. J., leachates from Mount SL Helens [abstract]. 1982, Measurements of stratospheric aerosol over Mauna Loa, Hawaii, and Boulder, Colorado. HIRONO, M.; FUJIWARA, M.; SIDBATA, T.; KUGUMIYA, N., 1981, Lidar observations of volcanic EDMONDSON, W. T.; LIIT, A. H., 1984, Mt. St Helens clouds in the stratosphere over Fukuoka, caused by ash in lakes in the lower Grand Coulee, Washington eruptions of Mt St. Helens in May 1980. State.* HIROSE, K.; DOK.IYA, Y.; SUGIMURA, Y., 1982, FARLOW, N. H.; SNETSINGER, K. G.; OBERBECK, Aerosol Zn-As an indicator of long range transport of V. R.; FERRY, G. V.; POLKOWSK.I, GEORGE; volcanic ejecta of Mt St Helens. . HAYES, D. M., 1982, Time variations of aerosols in the stratosphere following Mount St. Helens eruptions. HOBBS, P. V.; HEGG, D. A.; RADKE, L. F., 1983, Resuspension of volcanic ash from Mount St. Helens. FAULCONER, LEE; MONGILLO, PAUL, 1981, Effects of Mt St. Helens ashfall on three trout streams and HOFMANN, D. J.; ROSEN, J. M., 1980, Balloon-borne Bumping Lake in the Yakima Basin, Washington. aerosol measurements following the eruption of Mt. St. Helens [abstract]. FOLSOM, M. M., 1986, Mount St Helens tephra on range and forest lands of eastern Washington-Local erosion HOFMANN, D. J.; ROSEN, J. M, 1982, Balloon-borne and redeposition. observations of stratospheric aerosol and condensation nuclei during the year following the ML St Helens FOLSOM, M. M.; QUINN, R.R., 1980, Ash from the May eruption. 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. HOOPER, P.R.; HERRICK, I. W.; LASKOWSKI, E. R., FOSTER, J. H.; MYERS, W. L., JR., 1982, Ashfall effects 1980, Mount St Helen's ashfall on Pullman, on Columbia Basin wildlife. Washington, May 18-19th, 1980 [abstract]. FOSTER, J. H.; MYERS, W. L., JR.; TILLETT, W. E., HOOPER, P. R.; HERRICK, I. W.; LASKOWSKI, E. R.; 1980, The effects of Mount St Helens ash deposits on KNOWLES, C.R., 1980, Composition of the Mount St. fish and wildlife in central Washington-A preliminary Helens ashfall in the Moscow-Pullman area on 18 May report 1980. GIBSON, FLASH; HANEGAN, J. L., 1982, Mount St. HOPKINS.A. T.;, C.J., 1985,A volcanic ash Helens-Its affects [sic] on the invertebrates of a small transport model and analysis of Mount St. Helens ash fall. eastern Washington pond [abstract]. HORNIG, C. E., 1984, Effects of Mt SL Helens ashfall on GODCHAUX, M. M., 1981, Mount St. Helens-Window aquatic insects. into creation. rw ASAKA, YASUNOBU; HAYASIDDA, SACHIKO, GOLDIN, ALAN, 1982, Influence of volcanic ash from the 1981, The effects of the volcanic eruption of SL Helens May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St Helens on the on the polarization properties of stratospheric aerosols; properties of soils. Lidar measurement at Nagoya. GREENE, E. A., 1982, Characterization and movement of JUDAY, R. E.; KELLER, E. J., 1984, Effect of ash fallout Mount St Helens tephra on a high mountain lake on water quality in western Montana; final report. watershed in northern Idaho. 176 VOLCANIC ASH - DISTRIBUTION (1980 AND POST 1980)

JUVIGNE, ETIENNE; SHIPLEY, SUSAN, 1983, LILLIE,J. T.;CROSS,R. W.;FECHT,K.R.;LAST,G. V.; Distribution of the heavy minerals in the downwind LONG, P. E.; PRICE, S. M.; REIDEL, S. P.; tephra lobe of the May 18, 1980 eruption of the Mount TALLMAN, A. M., 1982, Preservation and composition St. Helens (Washington, USA). of May 18, 1980, Mount St. Helens ash in eastern KENDRA, W. R., 1983, Effects of volcanic ash on the Washington (abstract].* composition, abundance, and vertical distribution of MACK, R. N., 1981, Initial effects of ashfall from Mount benthic macroinvertebrates in Chatcolet Lake, Idaho. St. Helens on vegetation in eastern WashingLOn and KING, L. G.; PETERSON, D. A., 1982, Surface irrigation adjacent Idaho. as affected by ash from Mount St. Helens. MACLEOD, N. S., 1984, Recent and ancient ash-cloud KNOWLES, C.R., 1980, Electron microprobe analysis of deposits in the Cascade Range (abstract]. Mount St Helens ash deposited at Moscow, Idaho MANGELSDORF, P. C.,JR.; SAYLES, F. L., 1984, Effect (abstract]. of Mt St Helens ash on seawater [abstract]. KONDO, Y.; REITER, R.; JAEGER, H.; TAKAGI, M., MATHEWS, L.A.; ROQUEMORE, G. R.; ST. AMAND, 1982, The effect of the Mt St. Helens eruption on P.; GIBSON, J. P., 1982, An incursion of dust in the tropospheric and stratospheric ions. southwestern United States from April 1980 eruptions of KOPPE, R. K., 1980, Airborne particle levels resulting from Mount St. Helens. the May 18 eruption of Mt St Helens'[abstract]. MCCORMICK, M. P., 1981, Lidar measurements of Mount KUHN, P. M.; HAUGHNEY, L. C.; INNIS, R. C., 1980, St. Helens effluents. Long wave stratospheric transmission of Mount St MCCORMICK, M. P., 1982, Ground-based and airborne Helens ejecta [abstract]. measurements of the Mount St. Helens stratospheric LAULAINEN, N. S., 1982, Ash loading and insolation at effluents. Hanford, Washington, during and after the eruption of MCLUCAS, G. B., 1980, Oeanup and disposal of Mount Mount St. Helens. St Helens ash in eastern Washington. LA VER, J. D., 1982, Distribution of Mount St. Helens dust l'v1EIXNER, F. X.; GEORGII, H.-W.; OCKELMANN, G., inferred from satellites and meteorological data. 1980, Eruption des Vulkans Mount St. Helens­ LAWSON, JIM, 1980, Oklahoma observations of effects of Nachweis der stratosphaerischen rauchfahne ueber May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens. Europa. LEE, S. C.; SALEH, A. I.; BANAV ALI, A. D.; JONOOB Y, I'v1EIXNER, F. X.; GEORGI!, H.-W.; OCKELMANN, G.; L.; KURODA, P. K., 1985, Beryllium-7 deposition at JAEGER, H.; REITER, R., 1981, The arrival of the Fayetteville, Arkansas, and excess polonium-210 from Mount St. Helens eruption cloud over Europe. the 1980 eruption of Mount St Helens; Note. MILLIGAN, J. M.; FALTER, C. M.; BRUSVEN, M. A.; LEFRERE, JACQUES; PELON, JACQUES; CAREN, AND OTHERS, 1983, In-stream distribution and CLAUDE; FLAMANT, PIERRE; I'v1EGIE, GERARD, hydraulic and ecological effects of volcanic ash from 1981, Augmentation de I' aerosol stratospherique mesure Mount St Helens eruption. par sondage laser a 1'0bservatoire de Haute-Provence MOODY, U. L., 1982, Distribution and characterization of apres !'eruption volcanique du Mont Saint-Helens tephra from the May 18, 1980, Mt. St Helens eruption CTncreased stratospheric aerosols measured by laser in northern Idaho and western Montana.* sounding at the Haute-Provence Observatory, after the MOODY, U. L.; FOSBERG, MAYNARD; FALEN, eruption of Mount St. Helens]. ANITA, 1982, Soil preparation and chemical LENOBLE, J.; PRUVOST, P.; BROGNIEZ, C., 1984, properties-A progress report [abstract]. SAGE satellite observations of stratospheric aerosols MYERS, W. L., JR.; FOSTER, J. H.; TILLETT, W. E., from Mount St. Helens eruption-A two-wavelength 1981, Observations on the Mount St. Helens ashfall and analysis. wildlife in the Columbia Basin, Washington. LERFALD, GORDON, 1982, Mount St. Helens dust veil O'CONNOR, D. J., 1981, Observations of the Mt. St. observed at Boulder, Colorado, by optical techniques. Helens ash cloud over the Atlantic Ocean. LEWIS, W. J., JR.; GRANT, M. C., 1981, Effect of the OBERBECK, V. R.; FARLOW, N. H.; FONG, W.; May-June Mount St Helens eruptions on precipitation SNETSINGER, K. G.; FERRY, G. V.; HAYES, D. M., chemistry in . 1982, Mount St. Helens aerosol evolution. VOLCANIC ASH - DISTRIBUTION (1980 AND POST 1980) 177

OTHBERG, K. L.; BRECKENRIDGE, R. M., 1982, SARNA-WOJCICKI, A. M.; W AITI, R. B., JR.; Baseline depositional environments ofMount St. Helens WOODWARD, M. J.; SHIPLEY, SUSAN; , ash in northern Idaho [abstract].* JOSE, 1981, Premagnatic ash erupted from March 27 PETERSON, D. A., 1982, Effects of fine volcanic:: ash on through May 14, 1980--Extent, mass, volume, and surface irrigation in central Washington. composition. QUINN, R.R., 1982, Variations in atmospheric circulation, , W. Z., 1982, Computer program for ashfall Mount St Helens eruptions, 1980.* trajectories [abstract]. . QUINN, R. R.; FOLSOM, M . M., 1980, The downwind SCHERBEL,PAUL, 1980, Wyoming. distribution of Mt. St Helens ash, May 18th eruption. SCHULTZ, D. J.; PUlv1ROY, C. E., 1981, Size and shape REED, S. W., 1980, Idaho. characteristics of volcanic ash as an indicator of distance from the source [abstract]. REITER, R.; JAEGER, H.; CARNUTII, W.; FUNK, W., 1980, Lidar observations of the Mount St Helens SEDLACEK, W. A.; MROZ, E. J.; GLADNEY, E. S.; eruption clouds over mid-Europe, May to July 1980. HEIKEN, G. H.; LEIFER, R., 1980, Stratospheric sampling of the plume from the May 18, 1980 eruption ROOKE, J. M., 1981, Ash examined by new means in of Mt. St. Helens [abstract). England. SEHMEL, G. A., 1982, Ambient airborne solids ROSE, W. I., JR.; HOFFMAN, M. F., 1980, Distal ashes of concentrations including volcanic ash at Hanford, the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mt St Helens [abstract]. Washington, sampling sites subsequent to the Mount St. ROSE, W. I., JR.; WUNDERMAN,R. L.; HOFFMAN, M. Helens eruption. F.; GALE, LISA, 1983, A volcanologist's review of SHIPLEY, SUSAN, 1983, Erosional modification of the atmospheric hazards of volcanic activity-Fuego and downwind tephra lobe of the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Mount St Helens, Washington. ROSEN, J. M.; HOFMANN, D. J., 1980, Balloon-borne SHIPLEY, SUSAN, 1984, Redistribution of the Mount St. condensation nuclei measurements following the Helens ash with time [abstract). eruption of Mt. St. Helens [abstract]. SHULTERS, M. V.; CLIFfON, D. G., 1981, Mount St. ROSEN, J. M.; HOFMANN, D. J., 1982, Dustsonde Helens volcanic-ash fall in the Bull Run watershed, measurements of the Mount St. Helens volcanic dust Oregon, March-June 1980.* cloud over Wyoming. SISSON, T. W., 1982, Sedimentary characteristics of the RYZNAR, EDWARD; WEBER, M. R.; HALLERON, T. airfall deposit produced by the major pyroclastic surge S., 1982, Effects of the Mount St Helens volcanic cloud ofMay 18, 1980atMountStHelens, Washington. on turbidity at Ann Arbor, Michigan. SMITH, J. L.; OWENS, E. J.; MCNEAL, B. L., 1982, SAKURAGI, Y.; MEASON, J. L.; KURODA, P. K., 1983, Effects of volcanic ash on soil nitrogen mineralization Uranium and plutonium isotopes in the atmosphere. and accompanying CO2 production. SARNA-WOJCICKI, A. M.; SHIPLEY, SUSAN; W AITI, SMITH, R. D., 1985, Sediment routing in a small watershed R. B., JR.; DZURISIN, DANIEL; HAYS, W. H.; in the blast zone at Mount St. Helens, Washington DAVIS,J. O.; WOOD,S. H.; BATERIDGE, THOMAS, [abstract]. 1980, Areal distribution, thickness, and volume of downwind ash from the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount S:MITH, W. K., 1980, A plotting program for producing St. Helens. ashfall prediction maps from output of the NOAA forecast trajectory program-Application to and SARNA-WOJCICKI, A. M.; SHIPLEY, SUSAN; W AITI, examples from the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruptions. R. B., JR.; DZURISIN, DANIEL; WOOD, S. H., 1981, Areal distribution, thickness, mass, volume, and grain SOREM, R. K., 1980, Some geological aspects of the ash size of air-fall ash from the six major eruptions of 1980. fallout in Pullman and vicinity [abstract]. SARNA-WOJCICKI, A. M.; WAITI, R. B., JR., 1980, STARK, N. M.; ESSIG, D. A., 1985, Nutrient release from Areal distribution, thickness, and composition of Mount St Helens volcanic ash and retention by western volcanic ash erupted from Mount St Helens on May 18, Montana soil. 1980 [abstract]. SWEDBERG, K. C., 1986, Effects of Mount St. Helens ash on plant populations of shallow stony soils. SWINEHART, J.B., 1982, Mount St Helens- A view from the High Plains [abstract]. 178 VOLCANIC ASH - DISTRIBUTION (1980 AND POST 1980)

TAGGART, J. E., JR.; WAHLBERG, J. S.; TAYLOR, U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT H. E., 1980, X-ray spectrometric major-element AGENCY, 1980, Controlling blowing dust from analyses of tephra samples from the May 18, 1980 volcanic ash. eruption of ML SL Helens-Samples collected from U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT Washington, Idaho, and Montana. AGENCY, 1980, Electric/electronic protection­ TALLMAN,A.M.;CROSS,R. W.;FECIIT,K.R.;LAST, Commercial and major systems. G. V.; LILLIE, J. T.; LONG, P. E.; PRICE, S. M.; U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT REIDEL, S. P., 1980, Volcanic ash distribution, AGENCY, 1980, Volcanic ash effects on municipal composition, and preservation site studies in eastern water supply and sewage treatment plants. Washington-Mount St. Helens eruption.May 18, 1980 [abstract]. VOLCANIC ASH· EROSION (1980) TAVES, D.R., 1980, Fluoride distribution and biological availability in the fallout from Mount St Helens, 18 to see also GEOMORPHOLOGY 21 May 1980. BOSWORTH, D. A.; MCCABE, TIM, 1980, The regrowth U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 1982, Transport of ash of Mount Saint Helens-Fighting the threat of erosion. from Mount St Helens eruption [abstract]. COLLINS, B. D., 1984, Erosion of tephra from the 1980 WARRICK, R. A.; ANDERSON, JEREMY; DOWNIN'G, eruption of Mount St. Helens. THOMAS; LYONS, J. V.; RESSLER, JOHN; WARRICK.MARY; WARRICK, THEODORE, 1981, COLLINS, B. D., 1986, Erosion of sediments released by Four communities under ash-After Mount St Helens. the 1980 eruption. WASHINGTON DMSION OF GEOLOGY AND COLLINS, B. D.; DUNNE, THOMAS, 1986, Erosion of EARTH RESOURCES, 1980, Mount St Helens ash fall tephra from the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. distribution. COLLINS, B. D.; DUNNE, THOMAS; LEHRE, A. K., ZIELINSKI, R. A.; SAWYER, M. B ., 1980, Size and shape 1982, Sediment influx to the Toutle River from erosion measurements of ash particles from the May 18, 1980 oftephra, May 1980-May 1981. eruption of Mount St. Helens. COLLINS, B. D.; DUNNE, THOMAS; LEHRE, A. K., 1983, Erosion of tephra-covered hillslopes north of Volcanic ash - Economic effects, see ECONOMIC Mount SL Helens, Washington-May 1980-May 1981. EFFECTS FIKSDAL, A. J., 1982, Infiltration rates of undisturbed and Volcanic ash • Emergency response, see disturbed Mount SL Helens tephra deposits.* EMERGENCY RESPONSE FOLSOM, M. M., 1986, Mount St. Helens tephra on range and forest lands of eastern Washington- Local erosion VOLCANIC ASH · ENGINEERING ASPECTS and redeposition. see also ENGINEERING GEOLOGY GREENE, E. A., 1982, Characterization and movement of Mount SL Helens tephra on a high mountain lake BEN1LEY, F. G., CO:MPILER, 1984, The mitigation of watershed in northern Idaho. ashfall damage to public facilities-Lessons learned HINKLEY, TODD; SWTH, K. S., 1982, Leachate from the 1980 eruptions of Mount St Helens, chemistry of the tephra from the May 18 1980 eruption Washington. of Mount St. Helens [abstract]. HARTZ,K.E.;BHAGAT,S.K.;STARLIN,L.A.;MOTT, LEAVESLEY, G. H.; LICHTY, R. W.; LUSBY, G. C., H. V.; KRN ANEK,K. R., 1984, Attenuation of leachate 1980, Infiltration and erosion characteristics of Mount generated from co-disposal of volcanic ash and solid St. Helens volcanic ash [abstract]. waste. LEHRE, A. K.; DUNNE, THOMAS; FAIRCHILD, L. H.; SHOREY, E. F.; ROTH, L. H.; RIECK, R. W., 1983, Mount COLLINS, B. D., 1981, Erosion of sediments released SL Helens ash-Suitability for use as engineered fill.* by the 1980eruptions of ML SL Helens [abstract]. U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OLSON, C. G., 1981, Use of stratigraphy in studying AGENCY, 1980, Ash particles and home clean-up erosion of recent tephra, Shultz Creek, ML St. Helens, problems-Advice from the University of Idaho. Washington [abstract]. VOLCANIC ASH - GEOCHEMISTRY (BEFORE 1980) 179

SHIPLEY, SUSAN, 1983, Erosional modification of the FOLSOM, M. M., 1986, Mount St. Helens tephra on range downwind tephra lobe of the 18 May 1980 eruption of and forest lands of eastern Washington- Local erosion Mount SL Helens, Washington. and redeposition. SHIPLEY, SUSAN, 1984, Postdepositional changes in KLOCK, G. 0., 1981, A first-year evaluation of the erosion Mount St. Helens ash [abstract). control seeding and fertilization near Mount St. Helens. SHIPLEY, SUSAN, 1984, Redistribution of the Mount St. KLOCK, G. 0., 1982, Stabilizing ash-covered timberlands Helens ash with time [abstract). with erosion control seeding and fertilization. SMITH, D. B.; ZIELINSKI, R. A.; TAYLOR, H. E., 1982, SWANSON, F. J.; COLLINS, B. D.: DUNNE, THOMAS; Leaching characteristics of ash from the May 18, 1980, WICHERSKI, B. P., 1983, Erosion of tephra from eruption of Mount St Helens volcano, Washington.* hillslopes near Mt St Helens and other volcanoes. SMITH, D. B.; ZIELINSKI, R. A.; TAYLOR, H. E.; TURTON, D. J., 1982, Sediment transport in a small SAWYER, M. B., 1983, Leaching characteristics of ash mountain stream draining a volcanic ash covered· from the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens watershed in the Cascade foothills of southwestern volcano, Washington. Washington. SMITH, R. D., 1985, Sediment routing in a small watershed WHITE, A. F.; BENSON, L. V.; YEE, ANDY, 1986, in the blast zone at Mount St Helens, Washington Chemical weathering of the May 18, 1980, Mount St. [abstract). Helens ash fall and the effect on the Iron Creek STROH,J. R.; HARRISON, R. D., 1982, Soil Conservation watershed, Washington. Service involvement on watersheds affected by Mount St. Helens. VOLCANIC ASH - GEOCHEMISTRY (BEFORE 1980) SWANSON, F. J.; COLLINS, B. D.; DUNNE, THOMAS; WICHERSKI, B. P., 1983, Erosion of tephra from BORCHARDT,G.A., 1970,Neutronactivationanalysisfor hillslopes near Mt St Helens and other volcanoes. correlating volcanic ash soils.* WHITE, A. F.: BENSON, L. V.; PERRY, D. L., 1981, The BORCHARDT, G. A.; HARWARD, M. E.: SCHMITT, . influence of weathering of Mt St. Helens ash on the R. A., 1971, Correlation of volcanic ash deposits by chemistry of a small watershed, Iron Creek, Washington activation analysis of glass separates. [abstract). CRANDELL, D. R.; MULLINEAUX, D. R.; RUBIN", WICHERSKI, B. P.; SWANSON, F. J.; SMITH, R. D., MEYER; SPIKER, ELLIOTT; KELLEY, M. L., 1981, 1982, Erosion of 1980 deposits of Mount St Helens Racliocarbon dates from volcanic deposits at Mount St. [abstract].* Helens, Washington.

VOLCANIC ASH· EROSION (POST 1980) DUDAS, M. J.; HARWARD, M. E.; SCHMITT, R. A., 1973, Identification of dacitic tephras by activation CARPENTER, S. E.; 1RAPPE, J. M.; HUNT, G. A., 1982, analysis of their primary mineral phenocrysts. Observations on fungal succession on recent volcanic FEDERMAN, A. N., 1983, Correlation of tephra layers on deposits of Mount St. Helens [abstract]. the Columbia River Plateau, south-central Washington COLLINS, B. D., 1984, Erosion of tephra from the 1980 [abstract]. eruption of Mount St. Helens. FRITZ, L. G.; HILTABRAND, R.R., 1972, Correlation of COLLINS, B. D.; DUNNE, THOMAS, 1986, Erosion of St. Helens, Mazama and Glacier Peak ashes using x-ray tephra from the 1980 eruption of Mount St Helens. diffraction [abstract]. COLLINS, B. D.; DUNNE, THOMAS; LEHRE, A. K., JUVIGNE, ETIENNE; PORTER, S. C., 1985, 1982, Sediment influx to the Toutle River from erosion Mineralogical variations within two widespread tephra of tephra, May 1980-May 1981. layers from Cascade Range volcanoes, U.S.A. COLLINS, B. D.; DUNNE, THOMAS; LEHRE, A. K., MULLINEAUX, D. R., 1986, Summary of pre-1980 1983, Erosion of tephra-covered hillslopes north of tephra-fall deposits erupted from Mount St. Helens, Mount St Helens, Washington-May 1980-May 1981. Washington State, USA. FIKSDAL, A. J., 1981, Infiltration rates of undisturbed and MULLINEAUX, D. R.; HYDE, J. H.; RUBIN, MEYER, disturbed Mount St Helens tephra deposits. 1972, Preliminary assessment of upper Pleistocene and Holocene pumiceous tephra from Mount St. Helens, southern Washington [abstract]. 180 VOLCANIC ASH - GEOCHEMISTRY (BEFORE 1980)

MULLINEAUX, D.R.; HYDE, J. H.; RUBIN, MEYER, CRONN, D. R.; NUTMAGUL, WINAI, 1982, Charac­ 1975, Widespread late glacial and postglacial tephra terization of trace gases in 1980 volcanic plumes of Mt. deposits from Mount SL Helens volcano, Washington. St. Helens. NORGREN, J. A.; BORCHARDT, G. A.; HARWARD, M. DAHLGREN, RANDY, 1984, Impact of tephra per­ E., 1970, ML SL Helens Y ash in northeastern Oregon turbations on a forest soil in the Abies amabilis zone. and south central Washington [abstract]. DARZI, MICHAEL; ALISTAIR, C. D. L., 1980, Aerosol OKAZAKI, ROSE; S'MITH, H. W.; GILKESON, R. A.; particle size distributions of elemental composition in the FRANKLIN, J. F., 1972, Correlation of West Blacktail Mount St Helens plume before, during, and after the ash with pyroclastic Layer T from the 1800 A.D. eruption May 18 and 25, 1980 eruptions [abstract). of Mount St. Helens. DAVIS, B. L.; JOHNSON, L. R.; GRIFFIN, D. T.; SMITH. D. R.; LEEMAN, W. P., 1980, Mineralogy of PHILLIPS, W. R.; STEVENS, R. K.; MAUGHN, high-temperature pumiceous tephras from Mount St. DAVID, 1981, Quantitative analysis of Mt. St. Helens Helens [abstract]. ash by x-ray diffraction and x-ray flurorescence SMITH, D. R.; LEEMAN, W. P., 1982, Mineralogy and spectrometry. phase chemistry of Mount St Helens tephra sets W and DAY, T. G.; FISHER, J.E., 1980, Mt SL Helens- How a Y as keys to their identification. wastewater plant coped with its aftennath. SMITH, H. W.; OKAZAKI, ROSE; KNOWLES, C. R., FARLOW,N. H.; OBERBECK, V. R.; SNETSINGER, K. 1975, Electron microprobe analysis as a test of the G.; FERRY,G. V.;POLKOWSKI,GEORGE; HAYES, correlation of West Blacktail ash with Mount St. Helens D. M., 1981, Size distributions and mineralogy of ash pyroclastic Layer T. particles in the stratosphere from eruptions of Mount St SMITH, H. W.; OKAZAKI. ROSE; KNOWLES, C. R., Helens. · 1977, Electron microprobeanalysis of glass shards from FARLOW, N. H.; OBERBECK, V. R.; SNETSINGER, K. tephra assigned co Set W, Mount St. Helens, Washington. G.; POLKOWSKI, GEORGE; HAYES, D. M., 1980, Mount SL Helens volcanic materials in the stratosphere VOLCANIC ASH - GEOCHEMISTRY (1980 AND [abstract]. POST 1980). FARLOW, N. H.; SNETSINGER, K. G.; OBERBECK, ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 1980, Controversy erupts V. R.; FERRY, G. V.; POLKOWSKI, GEORGE; over Mt St Helens ash. HAYES , D. M., 1982, Time variations of aerosols in the stratosphere following Mount St. Helens eruptions. ANDREWS, V. E., 1981, Airborne radiological sampling of Mount St. Helens plumes. FARWELL, S. O.; GAGE, D.R.• 1981, Crystalline silica in Mount St. Helens ash. ,A.R.;LETT,R.;RICE,ALAN;CZVEKUS, W., 1982, LASERTRACE analysis-A review of FARWELL, S. O.; GAGE, D. R.; JERNEGAN, M. F.; methodology and its application to Mt. St. Helen's ash FELKEY, J. R., 1981 , Inhalable particulate levels in and marine geology [abstract]. northern Idaho from the initial eruptions of Mount St. Helens. BURGGRAF, D. R.; TIIlEBEN, S. E.; WHITE, H. J.; THOMPSON, GREG; FEIBEL, CRAIG, 1981, The FRIEND, J. P.; BANDY.A. R.; MOYERS,J.L.;ZOLLER, October 16, 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens­ W. H.; STOIBER, R. E.; TORRES, A. L.; ROSE, W. I., Characteristics oftephra from near Cougar, Washington JR.; MCCORMICK. M. P.; WOODS, D. C., 1982, [abstract]. Research on atmospheric volcanic emissions-An overview. CADLE, R. D.; HEIDT, L. E., 1982, A comparison of constituents of Mount St. Helens eruption clouds with FYFE, W. S.; KRONBERG, B. I.; BROWN, J. R.; those of some other volcanoes. LEONARDO$, 0 . H., 1981, Mount St Helens manna [abstract]. CAREY, S. N .• 1982, Studies on the generation, dispersal and deposition of tephra in the marine and terrestrial FRUCHTER, J. S.; ROBERTSON, D. E.; EVANS, J.C.; environment. OLSEN, K. B.; LEPEL, E. A.; LAUL, J. C.; ABEL, K. H.; SANDERS, R. W.; JACKSON, P. O.; Cl-IUAN, R. L.; WOODS, D. C., 1980, Comparison of WOGMAN, N. S., ET AL, 1980, Mount St Helens ash aerosols from eruptions of Santiaguito, Guatemala and from the 18 May 1980 eruption-Chemical, physical, St. Helens [abstract]. mineralogical, and biological properties. CRONN, D. R., 1980, Gas analyses of airborne samples from SL Helens eruption plume [abstract]. VOLCANIC ASH - GEOCHEMISTRY (1980 AND POST 1980) 181

GAGE, D.R., 1981, Basic and applied projects in analytical HOBBS,P. V.;RADKE,L.F.;HEGG,D.A.;ELTGROTH, chemisuy- I. The development of a sulfur specific M. W.; TIJELL, J. P., 1980, Comparisons between detector for gas chromatography based on S02 airborne measurements of the volcanic emissions from fluorescences; II. The application of laser Raman Mt. St Augustine 1976 and Mt. St Helens 1980 spectrometry for the detennination of quartz and [abstract]. cristobalite in Mount St. Helens volcanic ash. HOFFER, J.M., 1986, Comparison of the major eruptions GAGE,D.R.;JERNEGAN,M. F.;FARWELL,S. 0., 1982, at Mount St. Helens May 18, 1980 and El Chichon, Characterization and quantification of inhalable March 28-April 4, 1982. particulate volcanic ash from Mount St. Helens. HOFFER, J. M.; HOFFER, R. L., 1986, Chemical GANDRUD, B. W.; LAZRUS, A. L., 1981, Filter composition of the May 18, 1980 Mount St Helens measurements of stratospheric sulfate and chloride in the tephra and the underlying soil-Changes from July 1980 eruption plume of Mount St. Helens. to May 1981. GOLDIN, ALAN, 1982, Influence of volcanic ash from the HOFFER,J. M.; HOFFER,R.L.;SHANNON, W. H., 1981, May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St Helens on the Geochemisuy of tephra, May 18, 1980 eruption Mount properties of soils. St. Helens, Washingion [abstract]. GOUGH, L. P.; SHACKLETIE, H. T.; PEARD, J. L.; HOFFER, J. M.; HOFFER, R. L.; SHANNON, W. M., PAPP, C. S. E., 1986, The chemistry of fruits and 1981, Tephra from the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mt St. vegetables, Yakima River Valley, Washington, and the Helens, Washington [abstract). influence of the 1980 Mount St Helens ash-fall episodes. HOFFER, J.M.; HOFFER, R. L.; SHANNON, W. M., HADLEY, W. D., 1980, The minerals of Mt. St Helens. 1982, Preliminary analyses of the composition and HARTLEY, J. N.; BEAUCHAMP, R.H.; DANIEL, J. L.; texture May 18, 1980, Mount St. Helens tephra. SHADE, J. W., 1981, Application of advanced process HOOPER, P. R.; HERRICK, I. W.; LASKOWSKI, E. R., mineralogic techniques for characterization of Mt St. 1980, Mount St Helen's ashfall on Pullman, Helens volcanic ash. Washington, May 18-19lh, 1980 [abstract]. HAR1Z, K. E.; BHAGAT, S. K.; STARLIN, L.A.; MOTT, HOOPER, P. R.; HERRICK, I. W.; LASKOWSKI, E. R.; H. V.; KRIVANEK, K. R., 1984, Attenuation ofleachate KNOWLES, C.R., 1980, Composition of lhe Mount St. generated from co-disposal of volcanic ash and solid Helens ashfall in the Moscow-Pullman area on 18 May waste. 1980. HINDIN, ERVIN, 1981, Treatment of Mount St Helens HUGHES, S.S., 1981, Trace element analyses of Mount St. volcanic ash suspensions by plain sedimentation, Helens pumice and separated phases [abstract]. coagulation, and flocculation. IKRAMUDDIN, MOHAMMED; DIGBY, S. J. M.; HINKLEY, TODD, 1980, Tracingthecontinuing fallout of BUEHLER, A. R., 1982, Chemical composition of the Mt St. Helens ash by precise measurement of a suite of Mount St. Helens ash from the 18 May eruption.* major, minor and trace metals of geologic interest INN, E. C. Y.; VEDDER,J. F.; CONDON, E. P.; O'HARA, [abstract]. DEAN, 1981, Gaseous constituents in the plume from HINKLEY, TODD; LICHTE, F. E.; TAYLOR, H. E.; eruptions of Mount St. Helens. SMITH, K. S., 1980, Composition of ash and its IRVING,A.J.;RHODES,J.M.;SPARKS,J. W., 1980,Mt. leachates from Mount St. Helens [abstract]. St. Helens lava dome, pyroclastic flow and ash IDNKLEY, TODD; SMITH, K. S., 1982, Leachate samples-Major and trace element chemistry [abstract). chemisuy of the tephra from the May 18 1980 eruption ISIDZAKI, HIROYUKI; TU, A. T., 1982, Laser Raman of Mount St. Helens [abstract]. spectroscopic analysis of Mount St. Helens ash from lhe HIROSE, K.; DOKIY A, Y.; SUGIMURA, Y., 1982, May 18, 1980 eruption. Aerosol Zn-As an indicator of long range transport of JUDA Y, R. E.; KELLER, E. J ., 1984, Effect of ash fallout volcanic ejecta of Mt St. Helens. on water quality in western Montana; final report. HOBBS,P. V.;RADKE,L.F.;HEGG,D.A.;ELTGROTH, JUVIGNE, ETIENNE; SIDPLEY, SUSAN, 1983, M. W .; TIJELL, J.P., 1980, Airborne observations of the Distribution of the heavy minerals in the downwind emissions from Mt. St Helens, March 28-August 28, tephra lobe of the May 18, 1980 eruption of lhe Mount 1980 [abstract]. St. Helens (Washington, USA). KISH, T., 1980, Mt St. Helens' effects on Washington's treatment plants. 182 VOLCANIC ASH - GEOCHEMISTRY (1980 AND POST 1980)

KLEIN, J.M., 1984, Some chemical effects of the Mount MOODY, U. L., 1982, Distribution and characterization of SL Helens eruption on selected streams in the State of tephra from the May 18, 1980, Mt St Helens eruption Washington. in northern Idaho and western Montana.* KNOWLES, C.R., 1980, Electron microprobe analysis of MOODY, U. L.; FOSBERG, MAYNARD; FALEN, Mount St Helens ash deposited at Moscow, Idaho ANITA, 1981, Soil physical and chemical properties- A [abstract]. progress report [abstract]. KURODA, P. K.; ESSIEN, I. O.; SANDOVAL, D.-N., NEHRING, N. L.; JOHNSTON, D. A., 1981, Use of ash 1984, Fallout ofuranium isotopes from the 1980 eruption leachates to monitor gas emissions. of Mount St Helens. NEVISSI, A. E., 1984, Lead 210 and Polonium 210 in LAZRUS, A. L., 1981, Sulfur and halogen compounds in Mount St. Helens ash. the Mt St. Helens eruptions [abstract]. PATTERSON, E. M., 1981, Measurements of the imaginary LEE, S. C.; SALEH,A. I.; BANAVALI,A.D.;JONOOBY, part of the refractive index between 300 and 700 L.; KURODA, P. K., 1985, Beryllium-7 deposition at nanometers for Mount St. Helens ash. Fayetteville, Arkansas, and excess polonium-210 from PEREIRA, W. E.; ROSTAD, C. E., 1983, Terpenoid marker the 1980 eruption of Mount St Helens; Note. compounds derived from biogenic precursors in volcanic LEZBERG, E. A.; OTTERSON, D. A.; ROBERTS, W. K.; ash from Mount St Helens, Washington. PAPATHAKOS, L. C., 1982, Aircraft sampling of the PEREIRA, W. E.; ROSTAD, C. E., 1984, Geochemical sulfate layer near the tropopause following tl)e eruption studies of organic carbon associated with volcanic ash of Mount St. Helens.* from Mount St. Helens, Washington. LILLIE,J. T.;CROSS,R. W.;FECHT,K.R.;LAST,G. V.; PEREIRA, W E.; ROSTAD, C. E.; TAYLOR, H. E., 1980, LONG, P. E.; PRICE, S. M.; REIDEL, S. P.; 1 Mount St Helens, Washington, 1980 volcanic TALLMAN, A. M., 1982, Preservation and composition eruption-Characterization oforganic compounds in ash of May 18, 1980, Mount St Helens ash in eastern samples. Washington [abstract].* PEREIRA, W. E.; ROSTAD, C. E.; TAYLOR, H. E.; LOFGREN,J. L.; GOBLE, G. J., 1982, Analysis of Mount KLEIN, J. M., 1982, Characterization of organic St Helens volcanic ash by x-ray diffraction. contaminants in environmental samples associated with MANGELSDORF, P. C., JR.; SAYLES, F. L., 1984, Effect Mount St. Helens 1980 volcanic eruption.* of Mt St Helens ash on seawater [abstract]. PEVEAR, D.R., 1980, Clay minerals in the 1980 Mt St. MCCORMICK, M. P., 1981, Monitoring Mount St Helens. Helens tephra-Possible use in predicting eruptions MCKNlGHT, D. M; FEDER, G. L.; STILES, E. A., 1981, [abstract]. Toxicity of volcanic-ash leachate to a blue-green PEVEAR, D. R.; DETHIER, D. P.; FRANK, D. G., 1981, alga- Results of a preliminary bioassay experiment. Clay mineralogy of air-fall, pyroclastic-Oow, and related MCLUCAS, G. B., 1980, Petrology of current Mowit St. deposits from the 1980 eruptions of Mount SL Helens, Helens tephra. Washington [abstract]. MELSON, W. G .• 1982, The cyclical nature of explosive PEVEAR, D.R.; DETHIER, D. P.; FRANK, D. G., 1982, volcanism-A petrological approach to volcano fore­ Clay minerals in the 1980 deposits from Mount St. casting. Helens. MELSON, W. G.; HOPSON, C. A.; KIENLE, C. F., 1980, PHELAN, J.M., 1983, Volcanoes as a source of volatile Petrology of tephra from the 1980 eruption of Mount St. trace elements in the atmosphere. Helens [abstract]. PHELAN, J. M.; FINNEGAN, D. L.; BALLANTINE, D. MILLAN, M. M.; GALLANT, A. J.; FANAKI, FOUAD, S.; ZOLLER, W. H.; HART, M. A.; MOYERS, J. L., 1981, Spectroscopic measurement of S02 volcanic 1982, Airborne aerosol measurements in the quiescent emisions [abstract]. plume of Mount St Helens-September, 1980. MOEN, W. S.; MCLUCAS, G. B:, 1981, Mount St. Helens POLLACK, J. B., 1981, Measurements of the volcanic ash-Properties and possible uses. plumes of Mount St. Helens in the stratosphere and troposphere-Introduction. MOEN, W. S.; MCLUCAS, G. B .• 1982, Mount St. Helens ash, some properties and possible uses. RADKE, L. F.; HOBBS, P. V.; ELTGROTH, M. W.; HEGG, D. A., 1980, Preliminary airborne observations of the Mt. St. Helens eruptions. VOLCANIC ASH - GEOCHEMISTRY (1980 AND POST 1980) 183

RADWAN, M.A.; CAMPBELL, D. L., 1981, Mount St. SEDLACEK, W. A.; MROZ, E. J.; GLADNEY, E. S.; Helens ash and mud-Chemical properties and effects HEIKEN, G. H.; LEIFER, R., 1980, Stratospheric on germination and establishment of trees and wildlife sampling of the plume from the May 18, 1980 eruption browse plants. of Mt. St. Helens [abstract]. RASMUSSEN, R. A.; KHALil.., M A. K.; PENKETT, SHULTERS, M. V.; CLIFTON, D. G., 1980, Mount St. S. A.; CASADEVALL, T. J., 1981, Analysis of trace Helens ash fall in the Bull Run watershed, Oregon, gases from Mt St Helens volcanic ash [abstract]. March-April 1980. RICE, L.; DASH, J., 1981, TEM studies of crystalline SHULTERS, M. V.; CLIFTON, D. G., 1980, Mount St. minerals in Mt St Helens ash. Helens ash fall in the Bull Run watershed, Oregon, ROOKE, J. M., 1981, Ash examined by new means in May-June 1980. England. SHULTERS, M. V.; CLIFTON, D. G., 1980, Mount St. ROSEN, J. M.; HOFMANN, D. J., 1980, Balloon-borne Helens volcanic-ash fall in the Bull Run watershed, condensation nuclei measurements following the Oregon, March-June 1980. eruption of Mt. St. Helens [abstract]. SIEBENMANN, K. F., 1982, Potential for groundwater RUTiiERFORD, M. J.; SIGURDSSON, HARALDUR; contamination by phenols and P AH adsorbed onto CAREY, S. N.; DAVIS, ANDREW, 1985, The May 18, Mount St Helens ash/sediments. 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens: 1, Melt composition SIEGEL, B. Z.; SIEGEL, S. M, 1982, Mercury content of and experimental phase equilibria. Equisetum plants around Mount St. Helens one year after SAKURAGI, Y.; MEASON, J. L.; KURODA, P. K., 1983, the major eruption. Uranium and plutonium isotopes in the atmosphere. SKILLE, J. M.; FALTER, C. M.; AND OTHERS, 1983, SARNA-WOJCICKI, A. M.; MEYER, C. E.; Fate, distribution and limnological effects of volcanic WOODWARD, M. J.; LAMOTHE, P. J., 1981, tephra in the St. Joe and Coeur d'Alene River deltas of Composition of air-fall ash erupted on May 18, May 25, Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. June 12, July 22, and August 7. S.MITH, D. B.; ZIELINSKI, R. A.; TAYLOR, H. E., 1982, SARNA-WOJCICKI, A. M.; WAITr, R. B., JR., 1980, Leaching characteristics of ash from the May 18, 1980, Areal distribution, thickness, and composition of eruption of Mount St Helens volcano, Washington.* volcanic ash erupted from Mount St. Helens on May 18, S.MITH, D. B.; ZIELINSKI, R. A.; TAYLOR, H. E.; 1980 [abstract]. SAWYER, M. B., 1983, Leaching characteristics of ash SCARFE, C. M.; FUJII, T.; HARRIS, D. M., 1982, frdin the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens Mineralogy and geochemistry of pumice from 19 March volcano, Washington. 1982 eruption of Mount St. Helens [abstract]. S.MITH, D. R., 1980, The mineralogy and phase chemistry SCHEIDEGGER,K. F.; FEDERMAN,A. N.; TALLMAN, of silicic tephras erupted from Mount St Helens volcano, A. M.; LILLIE, J. T., 1981, Temporal variations in the Washington. glass chemistry, mineralogy and grain size distribution S.MITH, J. L.; OWENS, E. J.; MCNEAL, B. L., 1982, of tephra from the 18 May eruption of Mt St. Helens Effects of volcanic ash on soil nitrogen mineralization [abstract]. and accompanying CO2 production. SCHNELL, R. C.; NOLLER, S. W., 1980, Ice nucleus SOREM, R. K., 1980, Some geological aspects of the ash content of Mount St Helens plume ash [abstract]. fallout in Pullman and vicinity [abstract]. SCLAR, C. B.; CARSON, BOBB, 1980, Mineralogical and STERN, R. J.; ITO, EMI, 1980, Incompatible element and physical characteristics of selected samples of volcanic 87Sr/86Sr composition of Mt. St. Helens ash. ash from the May 18, 1980eruptionofMount St Helens, STOIBER, R. E.; WILLIAMS, S. N.; MALINCONICO, Washington. L. L.; JOHNSTON, D. A.; CASADEV ALL, T. J., 1981, SEDLACEK, W. A.; HEIKEN, G. H.; l'v!ROZ, E. J.; Mt. St. Helens-Evidence of increased magmatic gas GLADNEY, E. S.; PERRIN, D. R.; LEIFER, R.; component FISENNE,I.;HINCHCLIFFE,L.;CHUAN,R.L.,1982, SUNG, F. C.; NEVISSI, A. E.; DEWALLE, F. B., 1982, Physical and chemical characteristics of Mount St. Water-soluble constituents of Mount St. Helens ash. Helens airborne debris. TAGGART,J.E.,JR.; LICHTE,F. E.; WAHLBERG,J. S., 1981, Methods of analysis of samples using x-ray fluorescence and induction-coupled plasma spectro­ scopy. 184 VOLCANIC ASH - GEOCHEMISTRY (1980 AND POST 1980)

TAGGART, J.E., JR.; WAHLBERG, J. S.; TAYLOR, H. U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT E., 1980, X-ray spectrometric major-element analyses of AGENCY, 1980, Volcanic ash and your water supply. tephra samples from the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mt. V AREKAMP, J. C.; THOMAS, ELLEN; GERMANI, St. Helens-Samples collected from Washington, Idaho, MARK; BUSECK, P.R.• 1986, Particle geochemistry of and Montana. volcanic plumes of Etna and Mount St. Helens. TALLMAN, A. M.; CROSS, R. W.; FECHT, K. R.; LAST, VOSSLER, TERI; ANDERSON, D. L.; ARAS, N. K.; G. V.; LILLIE, J. T.; LONG, P. E.; PRICE, S. M.; PHELAN,J. M.;ZOLLER, W.H., 1981, Trace element REIDEL, S. P., 1980, Volcanic ash distribution, composition of Lhe Mount St. Helens plume-­ composition, and preservation site studies in eastern Stratospheric samples from the 18 May eruption. Washington-Mount St. Helens eruption, May 18, 1980 WAGNER, RICHARD; WALKER, R. B .• 1986, Mineral [abstract]. nutrient availability in some Mount St. Helens surface TAVES, D.R., 1980, Auoride distribution and biological samples. availability in the fallout from Mount St. Helens, 18 to WESCHLER, C. J., 1984, Sulfur dioxide content of Mount 21 May 1980. St. Helens' ash. TAYLOR, H. E.; KLEIN, J. M., 1980, Mount St. Helens Washington, 1980 volcanic eruption, Part 1, Chemical WIIlTE, A. F.; BENSON, L. V.; YEE, ANDY, 1986, composition of volcanic ash [abstract). Chemical weathering of the May 18, 1980, Mount St. Helens ash fall and the effect on the Iron Creek TAYLOR, H. E.; LICHTE, F. E., 1980, Chemical watershed, Washington. composition of Mount St. Helens volcanic ash. WIGHTMAN, J. P., 1982, XPS analysis of Mount St. THOMAS.ELLEN; VAREKAMP,J. C.; BUSECK,P. R., Helens ash. 1980, Zinc enrichment in the early 1980 phreatic ashes of Mount St. Helens, W~hington [abstract]. WIGHTMAN, J.P.; BECK, BETTY; KANG, YOONOK, 1981, Mount St. Helens-The volcano and the ash THOMAS, ELLEN; V AREKAMP, J.C.; BUSECK, P.R., [abstract]. 1982, Zinc enrichment in the phreatic ashes of ML St. Helens, April 1980. WOZNIAK, K. C.; HUGHES, S.S.; TAYLOR, E. M., 1980, Chemical analyses of Mount St Helens pumice and ash. TURCO,R.P.; TOON,O.B.;WHTITEN,R.C.;HAMILL, P.; KEESEE, R. G., 1983, The 1980 eruptions of Mount Volcanic ash • Geologic hazards, see GEOLOGIC St. Helens-Physical and chemical processes in the HAZARDS stratospheric clouds. "' TURCO, R. P.; TOON, 0. B.; WIIlTTEN, R. C.; HAMILL, Volcanic ash · Geochronology, see P.; KEESEE, R. G.; INN, E. C. Y., 1980, Mount St. GEOCHRONOLOGY in Helens-Chemistry volcanic eruption clouds VOLCANIC ASH · GEOPHYSICS [abstract]. TURCO, R. P.; TOON, 0. B.; WHITTEN, R. C.; KEESEE, GARMAN, J.E.; STEELE, W. K., 1986, Experiments on R. G.; HAMILL, P., 1982, Simulation studies of the the acquisition of remanent magnetization by airfall physical and chemical processes occurring in the volcanic ash (abstract). stratospheric clouds of the Mount St. Helens eruptions HARDEE, H. C., 1981, Thermal property measurements in of May and June 1980. a fresh pumice flow at Mt St. Helens. U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OGREN, J. A.; CHARLSON, R. J.; RADKE, L. F.; AGENCY, 1980, Management approaches to dust DOMONKOS, S. F., 1981, Absorption of visible exposure control. radiation by aerosols in the volcanic plume of Mount St. U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT Helens. AGENCY, 1980, The nature of Mount St Helen's ash. PETERSON, K. R., 1982, Deposition and dose from the U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. AGENCY, 1980, Physical and chemical characteristics PUESCHEL, R. F.; BARRETT, E.W.; STEARNS, L. S.; of the ML St. Helens deposits of May 18, 1980. WELLMAN, D. L., 1981, Physical and optical/ U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT radiational properties of Mt. St. Helens volcanic eruption AGENCY, 1980, Research into Lhe free crystalline silica (abstract]. content of Mount St Helens ash. SAKURAGI, Y .; MEASON, J. L.; KURODA, P. K., 1983, Uranium and plutonium isotopes in the atmosphere. VOLCANIC ASH - MINERALOGY (1980 AND POST 1980) 185

SOLDAT, J. K.; KATHREN, R. L.; CORLEY, J. P.; VOLCANIC ASH - MINERALOGY (BEFORE STRENGE, D. L., 1981, Radiation doses from Mount St. 1980) Helens 18 May 1980 eruption. STEELE, W. K., 1981, Remanent magnetization of ash from see also MINERALOGY the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens.* STEELE, W. K., 1981, Remanent magnetization of Mount MULLINEAUX, D. R., 1986, Summary of pre-1980 St. Helens ash of 18 May 1980-A preliminary report tephra-fall deposits erupted from Mount St. Helens, [abstract]. Washington State, USA. STEELE, W. K., 1983, A preliminary catalog of remanent MULLINEAUX, D. R.; HYDE, J. H.; RUBIN, MEYER, magnetization directions from Mount St. Helens tephra 1972, Pr~liminary assessment of upper Pleistocene and deposits [abstract]. Holocer.e pumiceous Lephra from Mount St. Helens, southern Washington [abstract]. S.MITH, G. A.; SMITH, R. D., 1985, Specific gravity characteristics of recent volcaniclastic sediment­ MULLINEAUX, D. R.; HYDE, J. H.; RUBIN. MEYER, Implications for sorting and grain size analysis. 1975, Widespread late glacial and postglacial tephra deposits from Mount SL Helens volcano, Washington. Volcanic ash - Glacier and snow effects, see S.MITH, D. R.; LEEMAN, W. P., 1980, Mineralogy of GLACIER AND SNOW SURVEYS high-temperature pumiceous tephras from Mount St. Helens [abstract). Volcanic ash - Health effects, see HEAL TH EFFECTS S.MITH, D. R.; LEEMAN, W. P., 1982, Mineralogy and phase chemistry of Mount St. Helens tephra sets W and Volcanic ash - Hydrologic impacts, see Y as keys to their identification. HYDROLOGY VOLCANIC ASH - MINERALOGY (1980 AND VOLCANIC ASH - MACHINE EFFECTS POST 1980)

COPLEN, L. E., 1981, A Mt. St. Helens story- The COCHRAN, B. D., 1981, Preliminary petrography of aftermath at Longview. primary and secondary, redeposited tephras from the DAY, T. G.; FISHER, J.E., 1980, ML SL Helens-How a 1980 Mount SL Helens eruption [abstract]. wastewater plant coped with its aftermath. DAVIS, P. T., 1982, Tephrochronology, Davis Lake, FUNK, W. H., 1980, Water quality and municipal southwest Washington [abstract]. operations discussion session summary. FARLOW, N. H.; SNETSINGER, K. G.; OBERBECK, HYDE, G. M., 1980, Buildings and equipment aspects. V. R.; FERRY, G. V.; POLKOWSKI, GEORGE; HAYES, D. M., 1982, Time variations of aerosols in the KISH, T., 1980, ML St. Helens' effects on Washington's stratosphere following Mount SL Helens eruptions. treatment plants. FRUCHTER, J. S.; ROBERTSON, D. E.; EV ANS, J. C.; U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OLSEN, K. B.; LEPEL, E. A.; LAUL, J.C.; ABEL, K. AGENCY, 1980, Advice for farmers from Washington H.; SANDERS, R. W.; JACKSON, P.O.; WOGMAN, State University-Tractors and water pumps. N. S., ET AL, 1980, Mount St. Helens ash from the 18 U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT May 1980 eruption-Chemical, physical, mineralogical, AGENCY, 1980, Aviation considerations. and biological properties. U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT GAGE, D. R.; FARWELL, S. 0., 1981, Laser Raman AGENCY, 1980, Driving and vehicle maintenance in spectrometry for the determination of crystalline silica heavy ash areas. polymorphs in volcanic ash. U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT HARTLEY, J. N.; BEAUCHAMP, R. H.; DANIEL, J. L.; AGENCY. 1980, Farm equipment 'ash' maintenance. SHADE, J. W., 1981, Application of advanced process U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT mineralogic techniques for characterization of Mt. St. AGENCY. 1980, Vehicle maintenance guidelines. Helens volcanic ash. U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT HUGHES, S.S., 1981, Traceelememanalyses of Mount St. AGENCY, 1980, Volcanic ash effects on municipal Helens pumice and separated phases [abstract]. water supply and sewage treatment plants. 186 VOLCANIC ASH - MINERALOGY (1980 AND POST 1980) .. JUVIGNE, ETIENNE; SHIPLEY, SUSAN, 1983, SCHEIDEGGER, K. F.; FEDERMAN, A. N.; TALLMAN, Distribution of the heavy minerals in the downwind A. M.; LILLIE, J. T., 1981, Temporal variations in the tephra lobe of the May 18, 1980 eruption of the Mount glass chemistry, mineralogy and grain size distribution St Helens (Washington, USA). of tephra from the 18 May eruption of Mt St. Helens MCLUCAS, G. B., 1980, Petrology of current Mount St. [abstract}. Helens tephra. SCLAR, C. B.; CARSON, BOBB, 1980, Mineralogical and ?vtELSON, W. G., 1982, The cyclical nature of explosive physical characteristics of selected samples of volcanic volcanism-A petrological approach to volcano ash from the May 18, 1980eruption of Mount St. Helens, forecasting. Washington. MELSON, W. G.; HOPSON, C. A.; KIENLE, C. F., 1980, SISSON, T. W., 1982, Sedimentary characteristics of the Petrology of tephra from the 1980 eruption of Mount St. airfall deposit produced.Dy the major pyroclastic surge Helens [abstract). of May 18, 1980 at Mount St Helens, Washington. MOODY, U. L., 1982, Distribution and characterization of Sl\lllTH, D.R., 1980, The mineralogy and phase chemistry tephra from the May 18, 1980, ML St. Helens eruption of silicic tephras erupted from Mount St. Helens volcano, in northern Idaho and western Montana.* Washington. MOODY, U. L.; FOSBERG, MAYNARD; FALEN, THOMAS, ELLEN; VAREK.AMP, J.C.; BUSECK, P.R., . ANITA, 1982, Soil preparation and chemical 1980, Zinc enrichment in the early 1980 phreatic ashes properties-A progress report [abstract]. of Mount St. Helens, Washington [abstract). NORDLIE, B. E.; TIIIEBEN, S. E.; BURGGRAF, D. R., VOLCANIC ASH · PHYSICAL 1983, Total magmatic volatile phase compositions, MEASUREMENTS pressures and temperatures determined from coexisting pyrrhotite-Fe, Ti oxide assemblages [absrractJ. ACKERMAN, M.; LIPPENS, C.; LECHEVALLIER, M., PEVEAR, D.R., 1980, Clay minerals in ·the 1980 ML St. 1980, Volcanic material from Mount St Helens in the Helens tephra-Possible use in predicting eruptions stratosphere over Europe. [abstract]. BRAZIER, S.; SPARKS, R. S. J.; CAREY, S. N.; PEVEAR, D.R.; DETHIER, D. P.; FRANK, D. G., 1980, SIGURDSSON, HARALDUR; WESTGATE, J. A., Thermal and hydrothermal alteration of new volcanic 1983, Bimodal grain size distribution and secondary deposits at Mt. St. Helens, Washington [abstract). thickening in air-fall ash layers. PEVEAR, D.R.; DETIIIER, D. P.; FRANK, D. G., 1981, BROWN, R.; FYFE, W. S.; ', G. M., 1981, Clay mineralogy ofair-fall, pyroclastic-flow, and related Semi-quantitative surfare analysis of Mt St Helens ash deposits from the 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens, by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Washington [abstract). CADLE, R. D.; HEIDT, L. E., 1982, A comparison of PEVEAR, D.R.; DETHIER, D. P.; FRANK, D. G., 1982, constituents of Mount St. Helens eruption clouds with Clay minerals in the 1980 deposits from Mount St. those of some other volcanoes. Helens. CAHILL, T. A.; BARONE, J. B.; KUSKO, BRUCE; PEVEAR, D. R.; DETHIER, D. P.; FRANK, D. G., 1982, ASHBAUGH, L. L., 1980, Size-composition profiles of 1980 Mt St. Helens eruption-Clay minerals and airborne fine particulate matt.er from Mt. St Helens early-st.age alteration. [abstract). RICE, L.; DASH, J., 1981, TEM studies of crystalline CAREY, S. N., 1984, SLudies on the generation, dispersal minerals in Mt St Helens ash. and deposition of tephra in the marine and terrestrial environment [abstract). SCARFE, C. M.; FUJII, T.; HARRIS, D. M., 1982, Mineralogy and geochemistry of pumice from 19 March CAREY, S. N.; SIGURDSSON, HARALDUR, 1982, 1982 eruption of Mount St. Helens [abstract]. Influence of particle aggregation on deposition of distal tephra from the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. SCHEIDEGGER, K. F.; FEDERMAN, A. N.; TALLMAN, Helens volcano. A. M., 1982, Compositional heterogeneity of tephras from the 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens. CHENG, R. J., 1982, The mechanisms of fine particles generation and electrification during Mount St Helens volcanic eruption. CORMIE, A. B.; HUNTLEY, D. J.; NELSON, D. E., 1982, Identifying tephras by alpha counting. VOLCANIC ASH - PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS 187

CORMIE, A. B.; NELSON, D. E., 1983, Energy-dispersive FRUCHTER, J. S.; ROBERTSON, D. E.; EVANS, J. C.; x-ray fluorescence analysis as a rapid method for OLSEN, K. B.; LEPEL, E. A.; LAUL, J.C.; ABEL, K. identifying tephras. H.; SANDERS, R. W.; JACKSON, P. O.; WOGMAN, CORNWELL,EARL;CORNWELL,MARY,1981,Giftof N. S., ET AL, 1980, Mount St. Helens ash from the 18 ash from Mount St. Helens. May 1980 eruption-Chemical, physical, mineralogical, and biological properties. D'ALTORIO, ALFONSO; VISCONTI, GUIDO, 1981, Lidar detection of volcanic aerosols in the aunosphere GAGE, D.R.;JERNEGAN,M.F.;FARWELL,S.0.,1982, following the Mount SL Helens eruption. Characterization and quantification of inhalable particulate volcanic ash from Mount St. Helens.* DARZI, MICHAEL; ALISTAIR, C. D. L., 1980, Aerosol particle size distributions ofelemental composition in the GOLDIN, ALAN, 1982, Influence of volcanic ash from the Mount SL Helens plume before, during, and after the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount SL Helens on the May 18 and 25, 1980 eruptions [abstract]. properties of soils. DAVIS, B. L.; JOHNSON, L. R.; GRIFFIN, D. T.; HARRIS, D. M.; ROE, ROBERT; ROSE, W. I., JR., 1980, PHILLIPS. W. R.; STEVENS, R. K.; MAUGHN, Radar observations of the July 22 and August 7. 1980 DAYID, 1981, Quantitative analysis of ML St. Helens eruptions of Mount St. Helens [abstract]. ash by x-ray diffraction and x-ray flurorescence HARRIS, D. M.; ROSE, W. I., JR., 1983, Estimating spectrometry. particle sizes, concentrations, and total mass of ash in DAVIS, P. T., 1982, Tephrochronology, Davis Lake, volcanic clouds using weather radar. southwest Washington [abstract]. HARRIS, D. M.; ROSE, W. I., JR.; ROE, ROBERT; DELUISI, J. J.; MENDONCA, B. G.; DUTTON, E.G.; THOMPSON, M. R., 1981, Radar observations of ash. BOX, M. A.; HERMAN, B. M., 1983, Radiative eruptions. properties of the stratospheric dust cloud from the May HINDIN, ERVIN, 1981, Treatment of Mount St Helens 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens. volcanic ash suspensions by plain sedimentation, DELUISI, J. J.; MENDONCA, B. G.; HANSON, K. J., coagulation, and flocculation. 1982, Measurements of stratospheric aerosol over HIRONO, M.; FUJIWARA, M.; SHIBATA, T.; Mauna Loa, Hawaii, and Boulder, Colorado. KUGUMIYA, N., 1984, Lidar observations of DUNBAR, N. W.; DAVIS, P. T.; MAROTT A, D. A., 1983, atmospheric aerosols following the 1980 eruption of Mt. Wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis of St Helens; Part I. Cascade Range tephras in lake sediments, SW HOBBS, P. V.; HEGG, D. A.; RADKE, L. F., 1983, Washington [abstract]. Resuspension of volcanic ash from Mount St. Helens. FARLOW, N. H.; OBERBECK, V. R.; SNETSINGER, HOBBS, P. V.; RADKE, L. F.; ELTGROTH, M. W.; K. G.; FERRY, G. V.; POLKOWSKI, GEORGE; HEGG, D. A., 1981, Airborne studies of the emissions HA YES, D. M., 1981, Size distributions and mineralogy from the volcanic eruptions of Mount St. Helens. of ash particles in the stratosphere from eruptions of HOBBS, P. V .; RADKE, L. F.; HEGG. D. A.; ELTGROTH, Mount St. Helens. M. W .; TUELL, J.P., 1980, Airborne observations of the FARLOW, N. H.; OBERBECK, V. R.; SNETSINGER, emissions from Mt. St. Helens, March 28-August 28, K. G.; POLKOWSKI, GEORGE; HAYES, D. M., 1980, 1980 [abstract]. Mount St Helens volcanic materials in the stratosphere HOBBS,P. V.;RADKE,L.F.;HEGG,D.A.;ELTGROTH, [abstract]. M. W.; TUELL, J. P., 1980, Comparisons between FARWELL, S. 0.; GAGE, D. R.; JERNEGAN, M. F.; airborne measurements of the volcanic emissions from FELKEY, J. R., 1981, Inhalable particulate levels in Mt. St. Augustine 1976 and ML SL Helens 1980 northern Idaho from the initial eruptions of Mount St. [abstract]. Helens. HOFFER, J.M., 1986, Comparison of the major eruptions FINK, J. H.; KR.INSLEY, D. H.; GREELEY, RONALD, at Mount St. Helens May 18, 1980 and El Chichon, 1980, Explosive volcanism-A possible source for March 28-April 4, 1982. aggregate formation on Mars [abstract]. HOFFER, J.M.; HOFFER. R. L.; SHANNON, W. M., 1982, Preliminary analyses of the composition and texture May 18, 1980, Mount St. Helens tephra. 188 VOLCANIC ASH - PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS

HOFMANN, D. J.; ROSEN, J. M., 1980, Balloon-borne MCCORMICK, M. P .• 1981, Lidar measurements of Mount aerosol measurements following the eruption of Mt. St. SL. Helens effluents. Helens [abstract]. MCCORMICK, M. P ., 1981, Monitoring Mount SL Helens. INVERSO, G. A., 1982, The scour, transport and deposition MCCORMICK, M. P., 1982, Ground-based and airborne of Mt St Helens ash in a laboratory setting-A model. measurements of the Mount St.. Helens stratospheric KENT, G. S .• 1982, Lidar measurements of effluents from effluents. the Soufriere and Mount St Helens volcanoes. MOODY, U. L., 1983, Distribution and characterization of KENT, G. S., 1982, SAGE measurements of Mount St. tephra from the May 18, 1980, Mt SL Helens eruption Helens volcanic aerosols. in northern Idaho and western Montana [abstract]. KOPPE, R. K., 1980, Airborne particle levels resulting from MOODY, U. L.; FOSBERG, MAYNARD; FALEN, the May 18 eruption of Mt St Helens [abstract]. ANITA, 1981. Soil physical and chemical properties-A KRINSLEY, D. H.; FINK, J. H.; GREELEY, RONALD, progress report [abstract]. 1980, Explosive volcanism-Possible source of MOODY, U. L.; FOSBERG, MAYNARD; FALEN, aggregate formation on Mars [abstract]. ANITA, 1982, Soil preparation and chemical KUHN, P. M.; HAUGHNEY, L. C.; INNIS, R. C., 1980, properties-A progress report [abstract]. Long wave stratospheric transmission of Mount St. OBERBECK, V. R.; FARLOW, N. H.; FONG. W.; Helens ejecta [abstract). SNETSINGER, K. G.; FERRY, G. V.; HAYES, D. M .• KUN1Z, M. A.; ROWLEY, P. D.; MACLEOD, N. S.; 1982, Mount St Helens aerosol evolution. REYNOLDS, R. L.; MCBROOME, L.A.; KAPLAN, A. OTIIBERG, K. L.; BRECKENRIDGE, R. M., 1982, M.; LIDKE, D. J., 1981, Petrography and particle-size Baseline depositional environments of Mount St. Helens distribution of pyroclastic.flow, ash-cloud, and surge ash in northern Idaho [abstract].* deposits. P~ISH, J. L., 1906, Eruption of Mount St. Helens. LANGFORD, S. A., 1982, Refractive-index profile of a PATTERSON, E. M .• 1981, Measurements of the imaginary tephra sample from the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mt St. pan of the refractive index between 300 and 700 Helens. nanometers for Mount St. Helens ash. LAULAINEN, N. S., 1982, Ash loading and insolation at RADKE, L. F.; HOBBS, P. V.; ELTGROTH, M W.; Hanford, Washington, during and after the eruption of HEGG, D. A., 1980, Preliminary airborne observations Mount St. Helens. of the Mt. St Helens eruptions. LA VER. J. D., 1982, Distribution of Mount St Helens dust ROGERS, C. F.; HUDSON, J. G.; KOCMOND, W. C., inferred from satellites and meteorological data. 1981, Measurements of cloud condensation nuclei in the LEFRERE, JACQUES; PELON, JACQUES; CA.HEN, stratosphere around the plume of Mount St. Helens. CLAUDE; HAUCHECORNE, A.; FLAMANT, ROSE, W. I., JR.; CHUAN, R. L.; WOODS, D. C., 1982, PIERRE, 1981, Lidar survey of the post Mt St. Helens Small particles in plumes of Mount St Helens. stratospheric aerosol at Haute Provence Observatory. ROSE. W. I., JR.; HOFFMAN, M. F., 1980, Distal ashes of LENOBLE, J.; PRUVOST, P.; BROGN1EZ, C., 1984, the May 18. 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens [abstract J. SAGE satellite observations of stratospheric aerosols from Mount St. Helens eruption-A two-wavelength ROSEN, J. M.; HOFMANN, D. J., 1980, Balloon-borne analysis. condensation nuclei measurements following the eruption of Mt. St. Helens [abstract]. LERFALD, GORDON, 1982, Mount St. Helens dust veil observed at Boulder, Colorado, by optical techniques. ROSEN, J. M.; HOFMANN, D. J., 1982, Dustsonde measurements of the Mount SL Helens volcanic dust LOFGREN, J. L., 1981, Analysis of volcanic ash from cloud over Wyoming. Mount St. Helens by x-ray diffraction [abstract]. SARNA-WOJCICKI, A. M., 1982, Tephrochronology of LOFGREN,J. L.; GOBLE. G.J., 1982, Analysis of Mount the western region.* St. Helens volcanic ash by x-ray diffraction. SARNA-WOJCICKI. A. M.; SHIPLEY, SUSAN; W AITT, MATHEWS, L.A.; ROQUEMORE, G. R.; ST. AMANO. R. B., JR.; DZURISIN, DANIEL; HAYS, W. H.; P.; GIBSON, J. P., 1982, An incursion of dust in the DAVIS, J. 0.; WOOD, S. H.; BATERIDGE, THOMAS, southwestern United States from April 1980 eruptions of 1980, Areal distribution, thickness, and volume of Mount St. Helens. downwind ash from theMay 18, 1980eruptionofMount St. Helens. VOLCANIC ASH - SOIL EFFECTS 189

SARNA-WOJCICKI,A. M.; SHIPLEY,SUSAN;WAITT, TIJRCO, R. P.; TOON, 0. B.; WHITI'EN, R. C.; KEESEE, R. B.,JR.; DZURISIN, DANIEL; WOOD, S. H., 1981, R. G.; HAMILL, P .• 1982, Simulation studies of the Areal distribution, thickness, mass, volume, and grain physical and chemical processes occurring in the size of air-fall ash from the six major eruptions '?f 1980. stratospheric clouds of the Mount St Helens eruptions SARNA-WOJCICKI, A. M.; WAITT, R. B., JR.; of May and June 1980. WOODWARD, M. J.; SHIPLEY, SUSAN; RIVERA, U.S. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT JOSE, 1981, Premagnatic ash erupted from March 27 AGENCY, 1980, Physical and chemical characteristics through May 14, 198~Extent, mass, volume, and of the Mt. St. Helens deposits of May 18, 1980. composition. WIGHTMAN, J. P., 1982, XPS analysis of Mount St. SCHEIDEGGER, K. F.; FEDERMAN, A. N.; TALLMAN, Helens ash. A. M., 1982, Compositional heterogeneity of tephras WOODS, D. C.; CHUAN, R. L., 1980, Characterization of from the 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens. stratospheric aerosols in eruption plumes from ML St. SCHULTZ, D. J.; PUMROY, C. E., 1981, Size and shape Helens [abstract). characteristics of volcanic ash as an indicaLOr of distance ZIELINSKI,R. A.; SAWYER, M. B., 1980, Size and shape from the source [abstract]. measurements of ash particles from the May 18, 1980 SCLAR, C. B.; CARSON, BOBB. 1980, Mineralogical and eruption of Mount St. Helens. physical characteristics of selected samples of volcanic ash from the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Volcanic ash - Social aspects, see SOCIAL Washington. ASPECTS SEDLACEK, W. A.; HEIKEN, G. H.; MROZ, E. J.; VOLCANIC ASH - SOIL EFFECTS GLADNEY, E. S.; PERRIN, D. R.; LEIFER, R.; FISENNE, 1.; HINCHCLIFFE,L.; CHUAN,R.L., 1982, see also SOILS Physical and chemical characteristics of Mount St. Helens airborne debris. BROWN, L.A., 1980, Mount St. Helens ash fallout impact SEDLACEK, W. A.; MROZ, E. J.; GLADNEY, E. S.; assessment report. HEIKEN, G. H.; LEIFER, R., 1980, Stratospheric DAHLGREN, RANDY, 1984, Impact of tephra sampling of the plume from the May 18, 1980 eruption perturbations on a forest soil in the Abies amabilis zone. of Mt. St. Helens [abstract). ENGIBOUS, J.C., 1980, Results of research and analysis SEHMEL, G. A., 1982, Ambient airborne solids of volcanic ash from Mt. St. Helens. concentrations including volcanic ash at Hanford, Washington, sampling sites subsequent to the Mount St. ENGIBOUS, J.C.; BUSTAD, L. K.; KENNEDY, R. A.; Helens eruption.* KLOCK, G. O.; KLOSTER.MEYER, E. C.; PRESTON, R. P., 1982, Impact of Mount St. Helens eruption on SHIPLEY, SUSAN, 1983, Erosional modification of the ecosystems. downwind tephra lobe of the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St Helens, Washington. FYFE, W. S.; KRONBERG, B. I.; BROWN, J. R.; LEONARDOS, 0. H., 1982, Mount St Helens manna SOREM, R. K., 1980, Some geological aspects of the ash [abstract]. fallout in Pullman and vicinity [abstract]. GOLDIN, ALAN, 1982, Influence of volcanic ash from the SOREM, R. K., 1982, Volcanic ash clusters-tephra rafts May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount SL Helens on the and scavengers. properties of soils. THOMAS,L.; CHALONER, C. P.; BHATIACHARYYA, GOUGH. L. P.; SEVERSON, R. C.; LICHTE, F. E.; S. K., 1981, Laser-radar measurements in southern PEARD, J. L.; TlfITLE, M. L.; PAPP, C. S. E.; England of aerosols from Mount St. Helens. HARMS, T. F.; SMITH, K. S., 1981, Ash-fall effects on TIJRCO, R. P.; TOON, 0. B.; WHITI'EN, R. C.; HA1v1ILL, the chemistry of wheat and the Ritzville soil series, P.; KEESEE, R. G., 1983, The 1980 eruptions of Mount eastern Washington. St. Helens-Physical and chemical processes in the HOFFER, J. M.; HOFFER, R. L., 1986, Chemical stratospheric clouds. composition of the May 18, 1980 Mount St Helens tephra and the underlying soil-Changes from July 1980 toMay 1981. KING, L. G.; PETERSON, D. A., 1982, Surface irrigation as affected by ash from Mount St. Helens. 190 VOLCANIC ASH - SOIL EFFECTS

MOLNAU, ; SAXTON, K. E.; MCCOOL, D. K., FEDERMAN, A. N., 1983, Correlation oftephra layers on 1980, Infiltration characteristics of volcanic ash covered the Columbia River Plateau, south-central Washingt0n soils [abstract]. . [abstract]. MOODY, U. L.; FOSBERG, MAYNARD; FALEN, FOLEY, L. L., 1983, Chronology of loess deposits and ANITA, 1982, Soil preparation and chemical paleosols, southeastern Washington [abstract]. properties-A progress report [abstract]. FRITZ, L. G.; Hil..TABRAND, R.R., 1972, Correlation of NAMMAH, H. A., 1983, Effect of Mount St. Helens ash on St. Helens, Mazama and Glacier Peak ashes using x-ray soil erosion and water quality. diffraction [abstract]. NUTT, G. W., 1980, Agriculture. REUSSER, C. J.; REUSSER, L. E., 1980, Sequence of PETERSON, D. A., 1982, Effects of fine volcanic ash on pumiceous tephra layers and the late Quaternary surface irrigation in central Washington. environmental record near Mount SL Helens. SMITH, J. L.; OWENS, E. J.; MCNEAL, B. L., 1982, HYDE, J. H., 1973, Late Quaternary volcanic stratigraphy, Effects of volcanic ash on soil nitrogen mineralization south flank of Mount St Helens, Washington.* and accompanying CO2 production.* JUVIGNE, ETIENNE; PORTER, S. C., 1985, STARK, N. M.; ESSIG, D. A., 1985, Nutrient release from Mineralogical variations within two widespread tephra Mount St Helens volcanic ash and retention by western layers from Cascade Range volcanoes, U.S.A. Montana soil. MOODY, U. L., 1977, Correlation of flood deposits STROH,J. R.; HARRISON, R. D., 1982, Soil Conservation containing St Helens set S ashes and the stratigraphic Service involvement on watersheds affected by Mount position of St Helens set J and Glacier Peak ashes, St. Helens. central Washington [abstract]. U.S. SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE, 1980, Mount St MULLINEAUX, D. R., 1964, Extensive recent pumice Helens ash fallout impact assessment report. lapilli and ash layers from Mount St Helens volcano, southern Washington [abstract]. WINTERS, W. J.; KAYEN, R. E., 1985, Static and cyclic strength properties of Mount St. Helens debris avalanche MULLINEAUX, D.R., 1977, Volcanic hazards-Extent and ash cloud materials. and severity of potential tephra hazard interpreted from layer Yn from Mount St. Helens, Washington [abstract]. VOLCANIC ASH· STRATIGRAPHY (BEFORE MULLINEAUX, D. R., 1986, Summary of pre-1980 1980) tephra-fall deposits erupted from Mount St. Helens, Washington State, USA. see also STRA TIGRAJ,>HY MULLINEAUX, D.R.; HYDE, J. H.; RUBIN, MEYER, BORCHARDT, G. A., 1970,Neutronactivationanalysisfor 1972, Preliminary assessment of upper Pleistocene and correlating volcanic ash soils.*. Holocene pumiceous tephra from Mount St. Helens, southern WashingLOn [abstract]. BORCHARDT, G. A.; HARWARD, M. E.; SCH:MITT, R. A., 1971, Correlation of volcanic ash deposits by MULLINEAUX, D. R.; HYDE, J. H.; RUBIN, MEYER, activation analysis of glass separates. 1975, Widespread late glacial and postglacial tephra deposits from Mount St Helens volcano, Washington. CRANDELL, D.R.; MULLINEAUX, D.R., 1973, Pine Creek volcanic assemblage at Mount St. Helens, MULLINEAUX, D.R.; WILCOX, R. E.; EBAUGH, W. F.; Washington. FRYXELL, ROALD; RUBIN, MEYER, 1977, Age of the last major scabland flood of eastern Washington, as DAVIS, J. 0., 1985, Correlation of late Quaternary tephra inferred from associated ash beds of Mount St Helens layers in a long pluvial sequence near Summer Lake, set S [abstract]. Oregon. NORGREN, J. A.; BORCHARDT, G. A.; HARWARD, DAVIS, P. T.; BARNOSKY, C. W.; STUIVER, MINZE, M. E., 1970, Mt St Helens Y ash in northeastern Oregon 1982, A 20,000 yr record of volcanic ashfalls, Davis and south central Washington [abstract]. Lake, southwestern Washington [abstract]. OKAZAKI, ROSE; SMITH, H. W.; GILKESON, R. A.; DUDAS, M. J.; HARWARD, M. E.; SCHMITT, R. A., FRANKLIN, J. F., 1972, Correlation of West Blacktail 1973, Identification of dacitic tephras by activation ash with pyroclastic Layer T from the 1800 A.D. eruption analysis of their primary mineral phenocrysts. of Mount St. Helens. PORTER, S. C., 1981, Use of tephrochronology in the Quaternary geology of the United States. VOLCANIC GASES - GEOCIIEMISTRY (1980) 191

SARNA-WOJCICKI, A. M.; CHAMPION, D. E.; DAVIS, W AITT, R. B., JR.; DZURISIN, DANIEL, 1981, Proximal J. 0., 1983, Holocene volcanism in the conterminous air-fall deposits from the May 18 eruption- Stratigraphy United States and the role of silicic volcanic ash layers and field sedimentology. in correlation of latest-Pleistocene and H9locene WAITT,R.B.,JR.;HANSEN, V.L.;SARNA-WOJCICKI, deposits. A. M.; WOOD, S. H., 1981,Proximal air-fall deposits of SMITH, D. R.; LEEMAN, W. P., 1982, Mineralogy and eruptions between May 24 and August 7, 1980- phase chemistry of Mount St. Helens tephra sets W and Stratigraphy and field sedimentology. Y as keys to their identification. SMITH, H. W.; OKAZAKI, ROSE; KNOWLES, C. R., Volcanic ash - Tephr ochronology, see GEOCHRONOLOGY 1975, Electron microprobe analysis as a test of the correlation of West Blacktail ash with Mount St. Helens Volcanic ash - Vehicle effects, see VOLCANIC pyroclastic Layer T. ASH - MACHINE EFFECTS SMITH, H. W.; OKAZAKI, ROSE; KNOWLES, C. R., 1977, Electron microprobe analysis of glass shards from VOLCANIC GASES - GEOCHEMISTRY (1980) tephra assigned to Set W, Mount St. Helens, Washington. ACKERMAN, M; LIPPENS, C.; LECHEV ALLIER, M., STRADLING, D. F.; KIVER, E. P., 1982, Depositional 1980, Volcanic material from Mount St Helens in the environments of late Pleistocene Mount St. Helens ash stratosphere over Europe. in the northeastern channeled scablands of the Columbia intermontane [abstract]. ANDREWS, V. E., 1981, Airborne radiological sampling of Mount St. Helens plumes. STRADLING, D. F.; KIVER, E. P ., 1986, The significance of volcanic ash as a stratigraphic marker for the late BANDY, A. R.; MOROULIS, P. J.; WILNER, L. A.; Pleistocene in northeastern Washington. TORRES, A. L., 1982, Estimates of the fluxes of NO, S02, H2S, CS2, and OCS from Mt St. Helens deduced WESTGATE, J. A., 1977, Identification and significance of from in situ plume concentration measurements. late Holocene tephra from Otter Creek, southern British Columbia, and localities in west-central Alberta. BARNES, rv AN, 1985, Mineral-water reactions in metamorphism and volcanism. WESTGATE, J. A.; GORTON, M. P., 1981, Correlation techniques in tephra studies. BARNES, IVAN; JOHNSTON, D. A.; EVANS, W. C.; PRESSER, T. S.; MARINER, R.H.; WHITE, L. D., VOLCANIC ASH - STRATIGRAPHY (1980) 1981, Properties of gases and waters of deep origin near Mount St. Helens. BRAZIER, S.; SPARKS, R. S. J.; CAREY, S. N.; BAROSS, J. A.; LILLEY, M. D.; GORDON, L. I., 1980, SIGURDSSON, HARALDUR; WESTGATE, J. A., Microbially mediated production and consumption of 1983, Bimodal grain size distribution and secondary trace gases including CH4, H2, and N20 in 78 degree C thickening in air-fall ash layers. seep waters on Mt. SL Helens [abstract]. COCHRAN, B. D., 1982, Preliminary petrography of CADLE,R. D.; HEIDT,L. E., 1980, Gas chromatographic primary and secondary, redeposited tephras from the determination of some constituentS of volcanic gases 1980 Mount St Helens eruption (abstract]. [abstract). SARNA-WOJCICKI, A. M.; CHAMPION, D. E.; DAVIS, CADLE, R. D.; HEIDT, L. E., 1982, A comparison of J. 0., 1983, Holocene volcanism in the conterminous constituents of Mount St. Helens eruption clouds with United States and the role of silicic volcanic ash layers those of some other volcanoes. in correlation of latest-Pleistocene and Holocene deposits. CASADEV ALL, T. J.; GREENLAND, L. P ., 1981, The chemistry of gases emanating from Mount SL Helens, SIGURDSSON, HARALDUR; CAREY, S. N., 1980, May-September, 1980. Stratigraphy of air-fall tephra from the May 18 explosive eruption of Mt SL Helens volcano [abstract]. CASADEV ALL, T. J.; JOHNSTON, D. A.; HARRIS, D. M.; ROSE, W. I., JR.; MALINCONICO, L. L.; W AITT, R. B., JR., 1981, Devastating pyroclastic density STOIBER, R. E.; BORNHORST, T. J.; WILLIAMS, S. flow and attendant air fall of May 18-Stratigraphy and N.; AND OTHERS, 1981, S02 emission rates at Mount sedimentology of deposits. St. Helens from March 29 through December, 1980. WAITT, R. B., JR.; DZURISIN, DANIEL, 1980, Stratigraphic framework of the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St Helens [abstract]. 192 VOLCANIC GASES - GEOCHEMISTRY (1980)

CASADEVALL, T. J.; JOHNSTON, D. A.; HARRIS, HARRIS, D. M.; SATO, MOTOAKl, 1980, CO2 emission D. M.; STOIBER, R. E.; WILLIAMS, S. N.; rates at Mount SL Helens by airborne plume measure­ MALINCONICO, L. L., 1980, Variations of S02 and ments [abstract]. CO2 emission rates at Mount St. Helens, Mar~h 29 to HARRIS, D. M.; SATO, MOTOAKl; CASADEVALL, T. July 22, 1980 [abstract). J.; ROSE, W. I., JR.; BORNHORST, T. J., 1981, CASADEV ALL, T. J.; JOHNSTON, D. A.; STOIBER, R. Emission rates of CO2 from plume measurements. E.; MALINCONICO, L. L.; WILLIAMS, S. N., 1980, HOBBS, P. V., 1983, Volcanic sulfur. S02 monitoring at Mount Saint Helens [abstract). HOBBS,P. V.;RADKE,L.F.; HEGG,D. A.;ELTGROTH, CHUAN, R. L.; WOODS, D. C., 1980, Comparison of M. W.; TUELL, J.P., 1980, Airborne observations of the aerosols from eruptions of Santiaguito, Guatemala and emissions from Mt. St. Helens, March 28-August 28, St. Helens [abstract). 1980 [abstract]. CHUAN, R. L.; WOODS, D. C.; MCCOR1\1ICK, M. P. , HOBBS,P. Y.; RADKE,L.F.;HEGG,D.A.; ELTGROTH, 1981, Characterization of aerosols from eruptions of M. W.; TUELL, J. P., 1980, Comparisons between Mount St. Helens. airborne measurements of the volcanic emissions from CRONN, D. R., 1980, Gas analyses of airborne samples Mt. St Augustine 1976 and Mt. St Helens 1980 from SL Helens eruption plume [abstract]. [abstract]. CRONN, D. R.; NUTMAGUL, W1NAI, 1982, HOWARD, B.; MESEREAU, A.; MARIANI.PATRICIA, Characterization of trace gases in 1980 volcanic plumes 1980, Analysis of gas samples from Mount St. Helens. of Mt. St. Helens. HUEBERT, B. J., 1980, Sulfur and chlorine in the phreatic EADIE,W.J.;DAVIS,W.E.;ALKEZWEENY,A.J., 1980, Mt. St Helens fume [abstract). Regional air quality impacts of SOi and H2S emissions INN,E. C. Y.; VEDDER,J. F.; CONDON,E.P.; O'HARA, from Mount St. Helens [abstract). DEAN, 1980, Gaseous constituents in the eruption EVANS, W. C.; BANKS, N. G.; WHITE, L. D., 1981, plumes of Mount St Helens at stratospheric altitudes Analyses of gas samples from the summit crater. [abstract]. FINNEGAN, D. L., 1984, The chemistry of trace elements INN, E. C. Y.; VEDDER, J. F.; CONDON, E. P.; O'HARA, and acidic species in fumarolic emiss.ions. * DEAN, 1981, Gaseous constituents in the plume from FRIEND,J.P.; BANDY, A.R.; MOYERS,J. L.;ZOLLER, eruptions of Mount St. Helens. W. H.; STOIBER, R. E.; TORRES, A. L.; ROSE, W. I., INN,E. C. Y.; VEDDER,J.F.; CONDON,E. P.; O'HARA, JR.; MCCOR1\1ICK, M. P.; WOODS, D. C., 1982, DEAN, 1982, Precursor gases of aerosols in the Mount Research on atmospheric volcanic emissions-An over­ St. Helens eruption plumes at stratospheric altitudes. view. KERR, J.B.; EVANS, W. F. J.; MATEER, C. L., 1982, GANDRUD, B. W.; LAZRUS, A. L., 1981, Filter Measurements of S02 in the Mount St. Helens debris. measurements of stratospheric sulfate and chloride in the KURODA, P. K.; LIOU, J. C. H.; BANA VALI, A. D.; eruption plume of Mount SL Helens. AKRIDGE, J. D.; BURCHFIELD, L. A., 1984, GERLACH, T. M.; CASADEVALL , T.J., 1986,Evaluation Polonium-210 fallout from the 1980 eruption of Mount of gas data from high-temperature fumaroles at Mount St. Helens and the mystery cloud of 1982. St. Helens, 1980-1982. LAZRUS, A. L., 1981, Sulfur and halogen compounds in GERLACH, T. M.; CASADEVALL, T. J., 1986, Fumarole the Mt St. Helens eruptions [abstract]. emissions at Mount St Helens volcano, June 1980 to LEIFER, R.; HIN'CHLIFFE, L.; FISENNE, I.; FRANKLIN, October 1981-Degassing of a magma-hydrothermal H.; KNUTSON, E.; OLDEN, M.; SEDLACEK, W. A.; system. MROZ, E. J.; CAHILL, T., 1981, Measurements of the HARRIS, D. M.; ROSE, W. I., JR., 1985, Pre-eruption CO2 stratospheric plume from the Mount St. Helens emissions during magma ascent beneath Mount St. eruption-Radioactivity and chemical composition. Helens [abstract]. LEZBERG, E. A.; OTTERSON, D. A.; ROBERTS, W. K.; HARRIS, D. M.; ROSE, W. I., JR.; BORNHORST, T. J.; PAPATHAKOS, L. C., 1982, Aircraft sampling of the CASADEV ALL , T. J ., 1980, Variations of S02 and CO2 sulfate layer near the troposphere following the eruption emission rates at Mount St Helens July 22 to August 29, of Mount St. Helens.* 1980 [abstract]. VOLCANIC GASES - GEOCIIEMISTRY (POST 1980) 193

Ivffi..LAN, M. M.; GALLANT, A. J.; CHUNG, Y.-S.; SlITTON, A. J.; MCGEE, K. A.; CASADEVALL, T. J., FANAKl, FOUAD, 1985, COSPEC observation of Mt. 1986, Gas emissions studies at Mount St. Helens St. Helens volcanic SOi eruption cloud of 18 May 1980 [abstract]. over southern Ontario. TURCO,R.P.;TOON,O.B.;WID1TEN,R.C.;HAMILL, Ivffi..LAN, M. M.; GALLANT, A. J.; FANAKI, FOUAD, P.; KEESEE, R. G., 1983, The 1980 eruptions of Mount 1981, Spectroscopic measurement of SOi volcanic St. Helens-Physical and chemical processes in the emisions [abstract]. stratospheric clouds. MURCRA Y, D. G.; MURCRA Y, F. J.; BARKER, D. B.; V AREKAMP,J. C.; BUSECK,P. R., 1980,Plumeanalyses MASTENBROOK, H.J., 1981, Changes in stratospheric and mercury flux at Mount St. Helens, Washington water vapor associated with the Mount St. Helens [abstract]. eruption. VAREKAMP, J.C.; BUSECK, P. R., 1981, Mercury NEHRING, N. L.; JOHNSTON, D. A., 1981, Use of ash emissions from Mount St. Helens during September leachates to monitor gas emissions. 1980. PHELAN, J. M.; FINNEGAN, D. L.; BALLANTINE, D.S.;ZOLLER, W.H.; HART,MA.;MOYERS,J.L., VOLCANIC GASES· GEOCHEMISTRY (POST 1980) 1982, Airborne aerosol measurements in the quiescent plume of Mount St. Helens-September, 1980. BARNES, IVAN, 1982, Volatiles of Mount St Helens and POLLACK, J. B., 1981, Measurements of the volcanic their origins. plumes of Mount St. Helens in the stratosphere and BARNES, IVAN, 1985, Mineral-water reactions in meta­ troposphere-Introduction. morphism and volcanism. RADKE, L. F.; HOBBS, P. V.; ELTGROTH, M. W.; BERNARD, ALAIN; LE GUERN, FRANCOIS, 1986, HEGG, D. A., 1980, Preliminary airborne observations Condensation of volatile elements in high-temperature of the Mt. St. Helens eruptions. gases of Mount St. Helens. RASMUSSEN, A.; KHALIL, M.A. K.; DALLUGE, R. R. CASADEVALL, T. J.; EWERT, J.; HARRIS, D. M.; W.; PENKETT, S. A.; JONES, B., 1982, Carbonyl ROSE, W. I., JR., 1982, Gas emissions and the prediction sulfide and carbon disulfide from the eruptions of Mount of eruptive behavior at Mount St Helens, Washington St. Helens. [abstract]. RASMUSSEN, R. A.; KHALIL, M. A. K.; PENKETT, CASADEVALL, T. J.; EWERT, J.; SYMONDS, R. B., S. A.; CASADEVALL, T. J., 1981, Analysis of trace 1982, Gas emissions and 1981-1982 activity at Mount gases from Mt St Helens volcanic ash [abstract]. St. Helens, Washington [abstract]. SATO, MOTOAKI; MCGEE, K. A., 1981, Continuous CASADEVALL, T. J.; ROSE, W. I., JR.; GERLACH, monitoring of hydrogen on the south flank of Mount St. T. M.; GREENLAND, L. P.; EWERT, J.; Helens. WUNDERMAN, R. L.; SYMONDS, R. B., 1983, Gas SATO, MOTOAKI; MCGEE, K. A.; CASADEVALL, emissions and the eruptions of Mount St. Helens through T. J., 1981, Continuous monitoring of hydrogen at 1982. Mount St. Helens, Washington, U.S.A. [abstract). CASADEVALL, T. J.; ROSE, W. I., JR.; GREENLAND, SEDLACEK, W. A.; MROZ, E. J.; GLADNEY, E. S.; L. P.; EWERT, J.; WUNDERMAN, R. L., 1981, Gas HEIKEN, G. H.; LEIFER, R., 1980, Stratospheric emissions from Mount St Helens, Washington­ sampling of the plume from the May 18, 1980 eruption Constraints on a model for behavior of magma in the of Mt. St. Helens [abstract]. near-surface environment [abstract]. STOIBER, R. E.; WILLIAMS, S. N.; MALINCONICO, CHUAN, R. L.; ROSE, W. I., JR.; SYMONDS, R. B.; L. L., 1980, Mount St Helens, Washington, 1980 LICIITE, F. E.; KEITH, T. E. C., 1985, Particle flux in volcanic eruption- Magmatic gas component during the the ML St Helens plume and fumaroles during a first 16 days. quiescent period in August 1985 [abstract]. STOIBER, R. E.; WILLIAMS, S. N.; MALINCONICO, CIONI, R.; CORAZZA, E., 1986, Mount St. Helens gases, L. L.; JOHNSTON, D. A.; CASADEVALL, T. J ., 1981, September· 1981 [abstract]. Mt. St Helens-Evidence of increased magmatic gas FINNEGAN, D. L., 1984, The chemistry of trace elements component and acidic species in fumarolic emissions.* 194 VOLCANIC GASES - GEOCl/EMISTRY (POST 1980)

GERLACH, T. M.; CASADEVALL, T.J., 1986,Evaluation SATO, MOTOAKI; MCGEE, K. A.; FURUKAWA, of gas data from high-temperature fumaroles at Mount BRUCE, 1980, Continuous hydrogen monitoring at SL Helens, 1980-1982. Mount St Helens [abstract]. GERLACH, T. M.; CASADEVALL, T. J., 1986, Fumarole TURCO,R.P.;TOON,O.B.;WHITTEN,R.C.;HAMILL, emissions at Mount St Helens volcano, June 1980 to P.; KEESEE, R. G., 1983, The 198v eruptions of Mount October 1981-Degassing of a magma-hydrothermal St. Helens-Physical and chemical processes in the system. stratospheric clouds. GERLACH, T. M.; CASADEV ALL, T. J.; GREENLAND, VOLCANIC PLUME [GENERAL WORKS) L. P.; LE GUERN, FRANCOIS, 1982, Fumarole gases and magma degassing at Mount SL Helens, 1980-81 FRIEND, J.P.; BANDY, A. R.; MOYERS, J. L.; ZOLLER, [abstract]. W. H.; STOIBER, R. E.; TORRES, A. L.; ROSE, W. I., HOFMANN, D. J.; ROSEN, J. M., 1982, Balloon-borne JR.; MCCORMJCK, M. P.; WOODS, D. C., 1982, observations of stratospheric aerosol and condensation Research on atmospheric volcanic emissions-An nuclei during the year following the Mt SL Helens overview. eruption. HOBLITT, R. P., 1986, Observations of the eruptions of LE CLOAREC, M. F.; LAMBERT, G.; LE ROULLEY, July 22 and August 7, 1980, at Mount St. Helens, J. C.; ARDOUIN, B., 1986, Long-lived radon decay Washington. products in Mount St Helens emissions-An estimation HULL, A. N., 1980, Atmospheric events. of the magma reservoir volume. MARTINI, MARINO; CELLINI LEGITTIMO, PAOLA, VOLCANIC PLUME - GEOCHEMISTRY 1982, Acid and condensable constituents in fumarolic gases of Usu (Japan) and Mount St. Helens (U.S.A.). ANDREWS, V. E., 1981, Airborne radiological sampling­ ofMount St. Helens plwnes. ROSE, W. I., JR.; SYMONDS, R. B.; CHARTIER, T.; STOKES, J. B.; BRAN11=,EY, STEVEN, 1985, BANDY, A. R.; MOROULIS, P. J.; WILNER, L. A.; Simultaneous experiments with two correlation TORRES, A. L., 1982, Estimates of the fluxes of NO, spectrometers at Kilauea and Mount SL Helens S02. H2S, CS2, and OCS from Mt. St. Helens deduced [abstract]. from in situ plwne concentration measurements. SATO, MOTOAKI; MCGEE, K.. A.; CASADEVALL, CHUAN, R. L.; ROSE, W. I., JR.; SYMONDS, R. B.; T. J., 1981, Continuous monitoring of hydrogen at LICHTE, F. E.; KEITH, T. E. C., 1985, Particle flux in Mount St Helens, Washington, U.S.A. [abstract]. the Mt SL Helens plume and fumaroles during a quiescent period in August 1985 [abstract). SATO,MOTOAK.I;MCGEE,K.A.;SUTION,A.J., 1984, Hydrogen monitoring, Cascade volcanoes [abstract]. CRONN, D. R., 1980, Gas analyses of airborne samples from SL Helens eruption plume [abstract]. SUTTON, A. J.; MCGEE, K. A.; CASADEVALL, T. J., 1986, Gas emissions studies at Mount St Helens HARRIS, D. M.; SATO, MOTOAKI, 1980, CO2 emission [abstract). rates at Mount St Helens by airborne plume measurements [abstract). V AREKAMP, J. C.; BUSECK, P.R., 1985, Mercury from volcanic and geothermal sources [abstract]. HARRIS, D. M; SATO, MOTOAK.I; CASADEVALL, T. J.; ROSE, W. I., JR.; BORNHORST, T. J., 1981, VOLCANIC GASES - PHYSICAL Emission rates of CO2 from plume measurements. MEASUREMENTS INN, E. C. Y .; VEDDER, J. F.; CONDON, E. P.; O'HARA, DEAN, 1980, Gaseous constituents in the eruption CIONI, R.; CORAZZA, E., 1986, Mount St. Helens gases, plumes of Mount St Helens at stratospheric altitudes September 1981 [abstract]. [abstract]. HOBBS, P. V.; RADKE, L. F.; ELTGROTH, M. W.; INN, E. C. Y.; VEDDER, J. F.; CONDON, E. P.; O'HARA, HEGG, D. A., 1981, Airborne studies of the emissions DEAN, 1981, Gaseous constituents in the plwne from from the volcanic eruptions of Mount St. Helens. eruptions of Mount St. Helens. KENT, G. S., 1982, SAGE measurements of Mount St. LAZRUS, A. L., 1981, Sulfur and halogen compounds in Helens volcanic aerosols. the Mt St. Helens eruptions [abstract]. POUGH, F. H., 1980, Nuee ardente eruptions and Mt. St. Helens. VOLCANIC PLUME -Pl!YSICALMEASUREMENTS AND TRAJECTORY (1980) 195

LEIFER, R.; HINCHLIFFE,L.; FISENNE, I.; FRANKLIN, V AREKAMP, J.C.; BUSECK, P.R., 1980, Plume analyses H.; KNUTSON, E.; OLDEN, M.; SEDLACEK, W. A.; and mercury flux at Mount St. Helens, Washington l'vfROZ, E. J.; CAHILL, T .• 1981, Measurements of I.he [abstract). stratospheric plume from the Mount St. Helens VOSSLER, TERI; ANDERSON, D. L.; ARAS, N. K.; eruption-Radioactivity and chemical composition. PHELAN, J.M.; ZOLLER, W. H., 1981, Trace element NEVISSI, A. E., 1984, Lead 210 and Polonium 210 in composition of the Mount St. Helens plume­ Mount St. Helens ash. Stratospheric samples from the 18 May eruption. OGREN, J. A.; CHARLSON, R. J.; RADKE, L. F.; VOLCANIC PLUME· PHYSICAL DOMONKOS, S. F., 1981, Absorption of visible radiation by aerosols in the volcanic plume of Mount SL MEASUREMENTS AND TRAJECTORY (1980) Helens. BANISTER, J. R., 1984, Pressure wave generated by the PATIERSON,E.M., 1981,Measurementsofl.heimaginary Mount SL Helens eruption. part of the refractive index between 300 and 700 BASS, R. C.; BANISTER, J. R., 1980, Dusty gas Oow nanometers for Mount St. Helens ash. calculations [abstract]. PHELAN, J. M., 1985, Volcanoes as a source of volatile CAREY, S. N.; SIGURDSSON, HARALDUR, 1985, The trace elements in the aunosphere [abstract]. May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens; 2, PHELAN, J. M., 1983, Volcanoes as a source of volatile Modeling of dynamics of the plinian phase. trace elements in the aunosphere. COBB, W. E., 1980, Electric fields and lightning in the Mt. PHELAN, J. M.; FINNEGAN, D. L.; BALLANTINE, St. Helens volcanic cloud [abstract]. D.S.; ZOLLER, W. H.; HART, M.A.; MOYERS, J. L., CRABTREE, J.; KITCHEN, M., 1984, The long-range 1982, Airborne aerosol measurements in the quiescent travel and dispersion of the plume from the Mount St. plume of Mount St Helens-September, 1980. Helens volcano. POLLACK, J.B., 1980, Climatic impact of the volcanic DANIELSEN, E. F., 1981, Trajectories of the Mount St. plumes of Mt St. Helens [abstract]. Helens eruption plume. POLLACK, J. B., 1981, Measurements of the volcanic DANIELSEN, E. F., 1982, Mount St Helens plume plumes of Mount St Helens in the stratosphere and dispersion based on trajectory analyses. troposphere-Introduction. DELUISI, J. J.; MENDONCA, B. G.; DUITON, E. G.; ROGERS, C. F.; HUDSON, J. G.; KOCMOND, W. C., BOX, M. A.; HERMAN, B. M., 1983, Radiative 1981, Measurements of cloud condensation nuclei in the properties of the stratospheric dust cloud from the May stratosphere around the plume of Mount St. Helens. 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens. ROSE, W. I., JR.; CHUAN, R. L.; WOODS, D. C., 1982, DRAXLER, R. R., 1981, Observing and forecasting Small particles in plumes of Mount St. Helens. motions of volcanic emissions shortly after the initial Mt. SCHNELL, R. C.; MILLER, S. W., 1980, Ice nucleus St. Helens eruptions. content of Mount SL Helens plume ash [abstract]. HARRIS, D. M.; ROE, ROBERT; ROSE, W. I., JR., 1980, SEDLACEK, W. A.; MROZ, E. J.; GLADNEY, E. S.; Radar observations of I.he July 22 and August 7, 1980 HEIKEN, G. H.; LEIFER, R., 1980, Stratospheric eruptions of Mount SL Helens [abstract]. sampling of I.he plume from the May 18, 1980 eruption PHELAN, J. M.; FINNEGAN, D. L.; BALLANTINE, of Mt. St. Helens [abstract]. D.S.; ZOLLER, W. H.; HART, M.A.; MOYERS, J. L., THOMAS, ELLEN; VAREKAMP, J.C., 1982, Volcanic 1982, Airborne aerosol measurements in the quiescent particles from gas plumes of basaltic and calc-alkaline plume of Mount St. Helens-September, 1980. volcanoes [abstract]. ROSE, W. I., JR.; HARRIS, D. M., 1980, Radar TURCO, R. P.; TOON, 0. B.; WHITTEN, R. C.; HAMILL, observations of ash clouds from the May 18, 1980 Mount P.: KEESEE, R. G.; INN, E. C. Y., 1980, Mount St. St. Helens eruption [abstract]. Helens-Chemistry in volcanic eruption clouds SPARKS, R. S. J.; MOORE, J. G.; RICE, C. J., 1986, The [abstract]. initial giant umbrella cloud of the May 18th, 1980, TURCO, R. P.; TOON, 0. B.; WHITTEN, R. C.; KEESEE, explosive eruption of Mount St. Helens. R. G.; HAMILL, P., 1982, Simulation studies of the physical and chemical processes occurring in the stratospheric clouds of the Mount St Helens eruptions of May and-June 1980. 196 VOLCANIC PLUME - PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS AND TRAJECTORY (1980)

TURCO, R. P.; TOON, 0. B.; WHITTEN, R. C.; KEESEE, R. G.; HAMILL, P., 1982, Simulation studies of the Wat~r quality, see HYDROLOGY· IMPACTS physical and chemical processes occurring in the OF THE ERUPTIONS ON WATER QUALITY stratospheric clouds of the Mount SL Helens e,ruptions Water supplies, see HYDROLOGY· IMPACTS of May and June 1980. OF THE ERUPTIONS ON MUNICIPAL WOODS, D. C.; CHUAN, R. L., 1980, Characterization of WATER SYSTEMS stratospheric aerosols in eruption plumes from Mt St Helens [abstract]. West Castle Creek Lake, see LAKES. WEST CASTLE CREEK LAKE Volcanism, see specific aspects of Mount St. Helens volcanism, e.g., EARTHQUAKES AND Williams Lake, see LAKES • WILLIAMS LAKE SEISMOLOGY, MASS MOVEMENTS, VOLCANIC ASH, etc. LIST OF SLI3JECT HEADL'\/GS

Acoustics. see BLAST - ACOUSTICS BULGE

Aerial photography, see RE:vtOTE SENSING BULL RUN WATERSHED

A.griculture. see BIOLOGY - FLORA - Bumping Lake, see LAKES - lll'i\lPING LAKE .-\GRICULTURE Car bon dating, see GEOCHRONOLOGY Animals. see BIOLOGY - F ..\UNA CASTLE CREEK .i..REAL GEOLOGY 1IlEFORE 19801 Castle Creek Lake, .-\REAL GEOLOGY ( 19801 see AREAL GEOLOGY (POST 1980) LAKES - SOUTH FORK C..1.STLE CREEK Avalanches, see MASS MOVEMENTS- LAKE AVALANCHES AND LANDSLIDES LAKES - WEST CASTLE CREEK LAKE

BEAN CREEK CASTLE ROCK, WASH. \ BII3LI0GRAPHY CAVES lHOLOGY [GENERAL WORKSl Channel morphology, see RIVER MORPHOLOGY l3IOLOGY - FAUNA CHRONOLOGY AND HISTORY BEFORE 19XO lHOLOGY - FAUNA-AQUATIC see also GEOCHRONOLOGY BIOLOGY - FAUNA - TERRESTR1AL CHRONOLOGY OF THE 1980 ERUPTION BIOLOGY - FLORA ACTIVITY

BIOLOGY - FLORA-AGRICULTURE Clays, see VOLCANIC ASH -MINERALOGY

13IOLOGY - FLORA - FORESTRY CLEARWATER CREEK

13LAST CLIMATIC EFFECTS

BLAST-ACOUSTICS CLIMATIC EFFECTS OF VOLCANIC ASH

Blast - Biological effects, see BIOLOGY COLDWATER CREEK

Blast - Deposits, Coldwater Lake, see LAKES - COLDWATER LAKE see COLUMilIA RIVER - IHOLOGY .\1ASS MOVEMENTS -AV ..i..LANCHES A,'ID LANDSLIDES see also Lil\.1NOLOGY .\1ASS MOVEMENTS - LAHARS AND .vtUDFLOWS C0LU1Vl8IA RIVF.:R - E:'IGINEERING PYROCLASTIC FLOWS AND DEPOSITS GEOLOGY BLAST-THERMAL SURVEYS C0LUl\1I3IA RIVER - L..\HARS . .\I UDFLO\\'S Botany, see BIOLOGY - FAUNA ..\ND STREAM SEDIMENTS

197 198 UST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS

Cowlitz Co. DOME

Note: The 1980 eruption of Mount SL Helens impacted see also CRATER much of Cowlitz County. See specific aspects-, e.g.: DREDGING HYDROLOGY ~tASS MOVEMENTS - AVALANCHES AND EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMOLOGY LANDSLIDES [GENERAL WORKS] 7YIASS MOVEMENTS - LAHAR$ AND EARTHQUAKES AND SEISi\lOLOGY tnEFORE MUDFLOWS 1980) VOLCANIC ASH - DISTRinUTION EARTHQUAKES A.'-10 SEISi\lOLOCY , l'JilO\ COWLITZ RIVER - BIOLOGY EARTHQUA.KES AND SElS,\IOLOGY 1 POST see also LTh'lNOLOGY 1980)

COWLITZ RIVER - ENGINEERING ECOLOGY GEOLOGY ECONOMIC EFFECTS COWLITZ RlVER- GUIDEBOOKS Economic geology, see :vtl'NERAL RESOURCES COWLITZ RIVER - HYDROLOGY Electrical surveys, see GEOPHYSICS - COWLITZ RIVER- LAHARS, MUD FLOWS ELECTRICAL SURVEYS AND STREAM SEDIMENTS Elk Lake area. see MOUNT ST. HELE:"IS COWLITZ RIVER - PLANNING AND SEISMIC ZONE E}rtERGENCY RESPONSE EMERGENCY RESPONSE COWLITZ RIVER - RIVER MORPHOLOGY Nore: Describes plans or actions to deal with potenual or see also RIVER MORPHOLOGY existant problems from eruption activity. see also CRAB CREEK COWLITZ RIVER - PLANNING ANO CRATER EMERGENCY RESPONSE GEOLOGIC HAZARDS see also DOME PLANNING TOUTLE RIVER SYSTEM - PL.-\,'IN"ING Dams, see DEBRIS DAMS AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE Datin& ue GEOCHRONOLOGY ENGINEERING GEOLOGY Davis Lake, see LAKES- DA V1S LAKE see also DEBRIS DAMS COLUMBIA RIVER - E:"IGINEERING Dendrochronology, see GEOCHRONOLOGY GEOLOGY COWLITZ RIVER - ENGINEERJ:'IG Disaster planning, GEOLOGY DEnRIS DAMS see DREDGING FLOOD HAZARDS EMERGENCY RESPONSE GEOLOGIC HAZARDS GEOLOGIC HAZARDS HYDROLOGY - !l\lPACTS OF'THE PLANNING ERUPTIONS ON WATER QU.-\LITY UST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 199

TOUTLE RIVER SYSTEM - ENGINEERING GEOLOGY GENERAL WORKS (BEFORE 1980) TUNNELS GENERAL WORKS (1980 AND POST 1980) VOLCANIC ASH - ENGINEERING ASPECTS GENERAL WORKS (1980)-PICTORIAL

ENVIRONMENTAL Th1PACT STATEMENTS Geochemistry

Erosion see

IGNEOUS PETROLOGY - see .; • GEOCHEMISTRY GEOMORPHOLOGY LAKES - GEOCHEMISTRY VOLCANIC ASH - EROSION MASS MOVEMENTS - LAHARS AND MUD FLOWS - GEOCHEMISTRY Eruption history VOLCANIC ASH - GEOCHEMISTRY VOLCANIC GASES - GEOCHEMISTRY see VOLCANIC PLUME - GEOCHEMISTRY CHRONOLOGY AND HISTORY BEFORE 1980 GEOCHRONOLOGY CHRONOLOGY OF THE 1980 ERUPTION see also ACTIVITY ERUPTION PREDICTION CHRONOLOGY AND HISTORY BEFORE 1980 Fargher Lake, see LAKES- FARGHER LAKE CHRONOLOGY OF THE 1980 ERUPTIVE ACTIVITY Fawn Lake, see LAKES - FAWN LAKE GEOLOGIC HAZARDS Financial effects, see ECONOMIC EFFECTS see also Findley Lake, see LAKES - FINDLEY LAKE DEBRIS DAMS Fish, see BIOLOGY- FAUNA-AQUATIC ENGINEERING GEOLOGY FLOOD HAZARDS FLOOD HAZARDS MASS MOVEMENTS - LAHARS AND see also MUDFLOWS

ENGINEERING GEOLOGY GEOLOGIC HAZARDS (BEFORE 1980) GEOLOGIC HAZARDS GEOLOGIC HAZARDS (1980) Forestry, see BIOLOGY - FLORA - GEOLOGIC HAZARDS (POST 1980) FORESTRY Geologic hazards - Social aspects, see SOCIAL FUMAROLES ASPECTS GENERAL WORKS Geologic maps, see MAPS - GEOLOGIC Note: Includes materials, whet.her scientific or popular works, which are overall descriptions of Mount St. Helens. 200 UST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS

GEOMORPHOLOGY GLACIER AND SNOW SURVEYS

see also Gold, see MINERAL RESOURCES

MASS MOVEMENTS -AV ALAN CHES AND Gravity surveys, see GEOPHYSlCS - LANDSLIDES GRAVITY SUR VEYS MASS MOVEMENTS - LAHARS AND MUDFLOWS GREEN RIVER RIVER MORPHOLOGY VOLCANIC ASH - EROSION GUIDEBOOKS Geophysical maps, see MAPS - GEOPiJYSICAL see also

GEOPHYSICS [GENERAL WORKS] COWLITZ RIVER - GUDEilOOKS STUDY GUIDES Geophysics-Acoustics, see IlLAST- TOUTLE RIVER SYSTEM - GUI0El100KS ACOUSTICS Hazards, see GEOLOGIC HAZARDS GEOPHYSICS - ELECTRICAL SURVEYS HEALTH EFFECTS GEOPHYSICS - GRAVITY SURVEYS History, see CHRONOLOGY AND HISTORY GEOPHYSICS - MAGNETIC SURVEYS BEFORE 1980 GEOPHYSICS - RADIOACTIVITY SURVEYS Human effects, see SOCIAL ASPECTS GEOPHYSICS - SEISMIC SURVEYS HYDROLOGY GEOPHYSICS-THERMAL SURVEYS see also see also COWLITZ RIVER - HYDROLOGY BLAST -THERMAL SURVEYS DEBRIS DAMS GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES DREDGING FLOOD HAZARDS GEOPHYSICS-TILT SURVEYS LAKE SEDIMENTS LAKES GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES LIMNOLOGY RIVER MORPHOLOGY see also GEOPHYSICS -THERMAL STREAM SEDIMENTS SURVEYS TOUTLE RIVER SYSTEM - HYDROLOGY

Gifford Pinchot National Forest see also

Note: The 1980 eruption of Moum St Helens impacted Names of rivers, creeks, and watersheds much of the Gifford Pinchot National Forest (which includes most of Skamania County and the eastern part HYDROLOGY- IMPACTS OF THE of Lewis County). See specific aspects, e. g., ERUPTIONS

IlLAST HYDROLOGY- IMPACTS OF THE HYDROLOGY ERUPTIONS ON MUNICIPAL WATER LAKES SYSTEMS MASS MOVEMENTS - AV ALAN CHES AND LANDSLIDES HYDROLOGY - IMPACTS OF THE MASS MOVEMENTS - LAHARS AND ERUPTIONS ON WATER QUALITY MUDFLOWS IGNEOUS PETROLOGY mEFORE 1980) UST OF SUBJECT l!EADINGS 201

IGNEOUS PETROLOGY (1980 AND POST 1980) Lakes - Grant Co., Wash.

IGNEOUS PETROLOGY - GEOCHEMISTRY see (IlEFORE 1980) LAKES - LAKE LENORE IGNEOUS PETROLOGY-GEOCHEMISTRY LAKES - SOAP LAKE (1980 AND POST 1980) Lakes- King Co., Wash, see LAKES - LAKE IGNEOUS PETROLOGY - PHYSICAL WASIDNGTON MEASUREMENTS LAKES - LAKE LENORE INDIAN HEAVEN AREA LAKES - LAKE WASHINGTON Insects, see BIOLOGY - FAUNA- TERRESTRIAL Lakes - Lewis Co., Wash., sec LAKES - DAVIS LAKE IRON CREEK LAKES - MCBRIDE LAKE KALAMA RIVER VALLEY LAKES - MERRILL LAKE Lake Lenore, see LAKES - LAKE LENORE LAKES...:.. MET A LAKE LAKE SEDIMENTS LAKES - NORTH COLDWATER LAKE Lake Washington, see LAKES - LAKE LAKES - RYAN LAKE WASIDNGTON LAKES - ST. HELENS LAKE Lakes - Biological aspects, see LIMNOLOGY

LAKES - BUMPING LAKE LAKES - SIL VER LAKE

Lakes - Clark Co., Wash., see LAKES - LAKES - SKAMANIA CO., WASH. FARGHER LAKE see also

LAKES - COLDWATER LAKE LAKES - COLDWATER LAKE LAKES - META LAKE LAKES-COWLITZ CO., WASH. LAKES - RY AN LAKE see also LAKES - ST. HELENS LAKE LAKES - SOUTH FORK CASTLE CREEK LAKES-COLDWATER LAKE LAKE LAKES - FAWN LAKE LAKES - SPIRIT LAKE LAKES - MCBRIDE LAKE LAKES - SOAP LAKE LAKES - MERRILL LAKE LAKES - SIL VER LAKE LAKES - SOUTH FORK CASTLE CREEK LAKES - DA VIS LAKE LAKE

LAKES-FARGHER LAKE LAKES - SPIRIT LAKE

LAKES - FAWN LAKE LAKES - SPOKANE CO .. WASH ..

LAKES - FIND LEY LAKE see also

Lakes - Geochemistry, see LIMNOLOGY LAKES- FINDLEY LAKE LAKES - WILLIAMS LAKE LAKES - VENUS LAKE

LAKES-WEST CASTLE CREEK LAKE 202 UST OF SUBJECT l!EAD!NGS

LAKES - WlLLIAMS LAKE MASS MOVEMENTS - LAH A RS AND MUD FLOWS - COWLITZ RIVER Lakes- Yakima Co., Wash., see LAKES - BUMPING LAKE Mass Movements- Lahars and mudflows­ Economic effects, see ECONOMIC EFFECTS Landfills, see VOLCANlC ASH - ENGINEERING ASPECTS Mass movements- Lahars and mudf1ows - Geochemistry, see HYDROLOGY - IIVIPACTS Landslide-induced dams, see DEBRIS DAMS OF THE ERUPTIONS ON WATER QUALITY

Landslides, see MASS MOVEMENTS - MASS MOVEMENTS - LAHARS AND AVALANCHES AND LANDSLIDES MUD FLOWS - LEWIS RIVER

Lava tubes, see CA YES MASS MOVEMENTS- LAHARS AND MUD FLOWS - MUDDY RIVER LAWS AND LITIGATION MASS MOVEMENTS - LAHARS AND Legionnaire's Disease see HEALTH EFFECTS MUD FLOWS - PHYSICAL PROCESSES LEWIS RIVER MASS MOVEMENTS - LAHARS AND LIMNOLOGY MUD FLOWS - PINE CREEK

Machine effects, see VOLCANlC ASH - MASS MOVEMENTS - LAHARS AND MACHINE EFFECTS MUD FLOWS - TOUTLE RlVER SYSTEM

MAGMA CHAMBER McBride Lake, see LAKES-MCBRIDE LAKE

Magnetic surveys, see GEOPHYSICS - MERCURY MAGNETIC SURVEYS Merrill Lake, see LAKES - MERRILL LAKE MAPS - GEOLOGIC Meta Lake, see LAKES - META LAKE MAPS- GEOPHYSICAL MINERAL RESOURCES MAPS - PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIAGRAMS MINERALOGY MAPS -TOPOGRAPHIC see also VOLCANlC ASH - MINERALOGY Note: The various SUJ.nda.rd topogrnphic maps of the Mount St Helens area prepared by the U.S. Geological MOUNT ST. HELENS NATIONAL VOLCANIC Survey over the years have not been included in this MONUMENT index. MOUNT ST. HELENS SEISMIC ZONE see also TOPOGRAPHY see also EARTHQUAKES AND MASS MOVEMENTS - AVALANCHES AND SEISMOLOGY LANDSLIDES MUDDY RIVER MASS MOVEMENTS - LAHARS AND MUDFLOWS [GENERAL WORKS] Mudflows, see MASS MOVEMENTS - LAHARS AND MUDFLOWS Mass movements- Lahars and mudflows­ Biological effects, see BIOLOGY National Volcanic Monument. see lVIOUNT ST. HELENS NATIONAL VOLCANlC MASS MOVEMENTS - LAHARS AND MONUMENT MUD FLOWS - COLUMBIA RIVER UST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 203

North Coldwater Lake, see LAKES - NORTH Ryan Lake, see LAKES - RYAN LAKE COLDWATER LAKE St. Helens Lake, see LAKES - ST. HELENS Nuclear facilities, see TROJAN NUCLEAR SITE LAKE [OREGON] St. Helens mining district, see MINERAL Petrology, see IGNEOUS PETROLOGY RESOURCES

Physiographic diagrams, see MAPS - Sediments PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIAGRAMS see Pictorial works, see GENERAL WORKS (1980) -PICTORIAL LAKE SEDIMENTS MASS MOVEl\lENTS -.-\ Y.-\LANCIIES .-\~O PINE CREEK AND PINE CREEK IlASIN LANDSLIDES MASS MOVEMENTS - LAHARS ANO PINE CREEK ASSEMBLAGE MUDFLOWS SOILS PLANNING STREAM SEDIMENTS VOLCANIC ASH see also EMERGENCY RESPONSE Seismic surveys, see GEOPHYSI CS - SEISMIC Plants, see BIOLOGY - FLORA SURVEYS

Plate tectonics, see STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY Seismology, see EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMOLOGY . Plume, see VOLCANIC PLUME SHULTZ CREEK Prediction of eruption, see ERUJYfION PREDICTION Silver, see MINERAL RESOURCES

PYROCLASTIC FLOWS AND DEPOSITS Silver Lake, see LAKES - SILVER LAKE (BEFORE 1980) Skamania Co. ; • PYROCLASTIC FLOWS AND DEPOSITS (1980) Note: The 1980 eruption of Mount SL Helens impacted PYROCLASTIC FLOWS AND DEPOSITS (POST much of Skamania County. See speci[ic aspectS. e.g.: 1980) HYDROLOGY Quaternary, MASS MOVEMENTS - .-\ V.-\L\.NCHES AND see LANDSLIDES MASS MOVEMENTS - LAH.-\RS AND GEOCHRONOLOGY MUDFLOWS VOLCANIC ASH - STRATIGRAPHY VOLCANIC ASH - DISTRIIlUTION Radioactivity surveys, see GEOPHYSICS - SMITH CREEK RADIOACTIVITY SURVEYS Snow surveys, see GLACIER AND SNOW Radiocarbon dating, see GEOCHRONOLOGY SURVEYS

REMOTE SENSING Soap Lake, see LAKES - SOAP LAKE

see also GEOPHYSICS SOCIAL ASPECTS SOILS RIVER MORPHOLOGY see also VOLCANIC ASH - SOIL EFFECTS Rivers - Iliological effects, see LIMNOLOGY ~0-4 LIST OF SUBJECT IIEAD!NGS

South Fork Castle Creek Lake. see LAKES - Topographic maps, see MAPS - SOUTH FORK CASTLE CREEK LAKE TOPOGRAPHIC

Spirit Lake, see LAKES - SPIRIT LAKE TOPOGRAPHY

Spirit Lake outlet tunnel, see TUNNELS see also MAPS-TOPOGRAPHIC

SQUAW CREEK TOUTLE RIVER SYSTEM - BIOLOGY

STRATIGRAPHY see also LIMNOLOGY see also VOLCANlC ASH - STRATIGRAPHY TOUTLE RIVER SYSTE1Vl - ENGINEERING GEOLOGY

STREAM SEDl1VIENTS, see also MASS TOUTLE RIVER SYSTEM- GUIDEBOOKS MOVEMENTS - LAHARS AND MUD FLOWS TOUTLE RIVER SYSTEM - HYDROLOGY STREAM SEDIMENTS (1980) TOUTLE RIVER SYSTEM - LAHARS, STREAM SEDIMENTS (POST 1980) MUDFLOWS AND STREAM SEDIMENTS

Stream sediments - Biological aspects, see TOUTLE RIVER SYSTEM - PLANNING AND BIOLOGY EMERGENCY RESPONSE

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY TOUTLE RIVER SYSTEM - RIVER MORPHOLOGY STUDY GUIDES see also RIVER MORPHOLOGY see also GUIDEBOOKS TOUTLE, WASH. SWIFT CREEK TROJAN NUCLEAR SITE [OREGON] SWIFT CREEK ASSEMBLAGE TUNNELS SWIFr RESERVOIR Uranium, see GEOCHRONOLOGY Tectonics, see STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY VANCOUVER, WASH. Tephra, Vehicle effects, see VOLCANIC ASH - see MACHINE EFFECTS PYROCLASTIC FLOWS AND DEPOSITS VOLCANIC ASH Venus Lake, see LAKES - VENUS LAKE Tephrochronology, see GEOCHRONOLOGY VIDEO STUDIES

Thermal surveys VOLCANIC ASH (GENERAL WORKS]

see Volcanic ash- Biological aspects, fee BlOLOGY

BLAST-THERMAL SURVEYS Volcanic ash - Climatic effects, see CLIMATIC GEOPHYSICS-THERMAL SURVEYS EFFECTS OF VOLCANIC ASH GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES Volcanic ash - Disposal, see VOLCANlC ASH Thorium, GEOCHRONOLOGY see - ENGINEERING ASPECTS Tilt surveys, see GEOPHYSICS - TILT SURVEYS UST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS 205

VOLCANIC ASH- DISTR1BUTI0N (BEFORE VOLCANIC ASH - PHYSICAL 1980) MEASUREMENTS

VOLCANIC ASH - DISTRIBUTION (1980 AND Volcanic ash - Social aspects, see SOCIAL POST 1980) ASPECTS

Volcanic ash - Economic effects, see VOLCANIC ASH - SOIL EFFECTS ECONOJ\1IC EFFECTS see also SOILS Volcanic ash - Emergency response, see EMERGENCY RESPONSE VOLCANIC ASH - STRATIGRAPHY (I3EFORE 1980) VOLCANIC ASH - ENGINEER1NG ASPECTS see also STRATIGRAPHY see also ENGINEERING GEOLOGY VOLCANIC ASH - STRATIGRAPHY (1980) VOLCANIC ASH - EROSION (1980) Volcanic ash - Tephrochronology, see see also GEOMORPHOLOGY GEOCHRONOLOGY

VOLCANIC ASH - EROSION (POST 1980) Volcanic ash - Vehicle effects, see VOLCANIC ASH - MACHINE EFFECTS VOLCANIC ASH - GEOCHEMISTRY (BEFORE 1980) VOLCANIC GASES - GEOCHEMISTRY (1980)

VOLCANIC ASH - GEOCHEMISTRY (1980 VOLCANIC GASES - GEOCHEMISTRY AND POST 1980) (POST 1980)

Volcanic ash - Geologic hazards, see VOLCANIC GASES - PHYSICAL GEOLOGIC HAZARDS MEASUREMENTS

Volcanic ash - Geochronology, see VOLCANIC PLUME [GENERAL WORKS) GEOCHRONOLOGY VOLCANIC PLUME-GEOCHEMISTRY VOLCANIC ASH - GEOPHYSICS VOLCANIC PLUME - PHYSICAL Volcanic ash - Glacier and snow effects, see MEASUREMENTS AND TRAJECTORY (1980) GLACIER AND SNOW SURVEYS Volcanism, see specific aspects of Mount St. Volcanic ash - Health effects, see HEALTH Helens volcanism, e.g., EARTHQUAKES ...\ND EFFECTS SEISMOLOGY, MASS MOVEMENTS, VOLCANIC ASH, etc. Volcanic ash - Hydrologic impacts, see HYDROLOGY Water quality, see HYDROLOGY -IMPACTS OF THE ERUPTIONS ON WATER QUALITY VOLCANIC ASH - MACHINE EFFECTS Water supplies, see HYDROLOGY -IMPACTS VOLCANIC ASH - MINERALOGY (BEFORE OF THE ERUPTIONS ON MUNICIPAL 1980) WATER SYSTEMS

see also MINERALOGY West Castle Creek Lake, see LAKES - WEST CASTLE CREEK LAKE VOLCANIC ASH - MINERALOGY (1980 AND POST 1980) Williams Lake, see LAKES - WILLIAMS LAKE