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Christmas Count Editorial Codes and Database Flags Two-letter codes are often used by regional editors to better explain or question a given record. Database flags can be set by compilers and regional editors to indicate Reminder an unusual , high count, or low count. This list will aid you in deciphering The Christmas Bird Count is the keys when reading accounts in the summaries and on the web site.

always held December 14 Code Comment Code Comment through January 5. AB albino NF not Forster’s To find out the date of a specific AD adult NH call not heard count, go to the CBC home page AF at feeder NU not unusual? www.christmasbirdcount.org AM adult male OU origin unknown and click “Get Involved,” or AP alternate plumage PD poor details contact your local Audubon AQ adequate details PH photo chapter or center. BD banded PS present for some time DD details desired QN questionable number DM dark morph QR questionable record DW dark winged (historical data) ED excellent details QU ? EO experienced observer RA radio collared ES estimated number RC record count EX exotic RE refuge estimate FC first CBC record (historical data) FE feral RI recent introduction Calling FP female-plumaged RL recently released All Counters!y FS first state record RN remarkable number We’re always looking for images to FW first winter RP reintroduced population use in American , such as GD good details RR remarkable record photographs of birds seen during the HE high elevation RT responded to tape Christmas Bird Count or participants in HH hand held RW regular in winter the field. If you would like your pictures HO heard only SK sketch considered for publication, please go to HY hypothetical SP specimen the CBC page on the Audubon website, IJ injured SW second winter www.christmasbirdcount.org, and click IM immature UD unconvincing details on the for online photo submittal. IV ID by voice UE uncountable exotic LO low UR under review MD marginal details VP viable population? ML migrant lingering VT videotaped MO many observers WM white morph NC new to count WR winter state record ND no details YM immature male

Database flags US = Unusual species HC = Unusually high count LC = Low count

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 95 Count Circles, Codes, and Compilers in the 110th Count Our sincere thanks go to each and every Christmas Bird Count compiler, whose field and organizational skills make the CBC happen each season. To contact your local compiler, or the compiler of a count in an area you will be visiting during the holiday season, please go to the CBC home page at www.christmasbirdcount.org and click on the “Get Involved” link.

CANADA BCHR Harrison Denis Knopp MBCR Cypress River-Spruce Woods Ken DeSmet BCHS Lower Loys Maingon MBDA Dauphin William Walley ALBERTA (AB) BCKA Kamloops Rick Howie MBDM Delta Marsh Robert ABAT Athabasca Harvey Scott BCKB Kimberley Greg MBGI Gimli Bonnie Chartier Wayne Brehaut BCKE Kelowna Chris Charlesworth MBGS Glenboro-Spruce Woods Lorelie Mitchell ABBC Banff-Canmore Mike McIvor BCKF Kingfisher Janice Lacko MBLY Lyleton A.J. Greenley ABBE Bergthal Bryan Isaac BCKI April Macleod MBMI Minnedosa Ian Thorleifson ABBR Brule Beth MacCallum BCKO Kaslo Dirk Rinehart Pidcock MBOH Oak Hammock Marsh Paula Grieef ABBV Beaverlodge Joan E. Kerr BCLA Ladner Jude Grass MBPL Pinawa-Lac du Bonnet Peter Taylor ABCA Calgary Phillip Cram BCLC Country Trevor Forder MBPP Portage la Prairie Carrie Braden Donna Wieckowski BCLK Logan Lake Bert Parke MBRM Riding N.P. Thuraya Weedon ABCK Cold Lake Ted Hindmarch Karl Ricker MBSE Selkirk Gerald Machnee ABCM Camrose Glen Hvenegaard BCLL Lillooet Ken MBTH Thompson Dave McDonald ABDC Devon-Calmar Ian Tichkowsky Ian Routley MBTP The Pas Joel Kayer ABDI Dinosaur P.P. Yousif Attia BCLP Little River-Powell River Ferry Guy L. Monty MBWI Winnipeg Rudolf Koes ABED Edmonton Kim Blomme BCLQ Lasqueti Sheila Ray ABEI Elk Island N.P. Gwynne Hayward BCLR Lardeau Gail Spitler NEW BRUNSWICK (NB) ABFM Fort McMurray Cathy Mountain BCMA Greater Masset Peter Hamel NBCT Tormentine Allan D. Robert Grey BCMC McBride Elsie Stanley NBED Edmundston Roy LaPointe ABFS Fort Saskatchewan Art Hughes BCME Merritt Wayne Weber NBFR Fredericton Don Gibson ABGP Grande Prairie Joan E. Kerr Alan Burger NBGM Grand Manan Island Brian Dalzell ABHC Horseshoe Michael Harrison BCMK Mackenzie David Lambie Durlan Ingersoll ABHI Hinton Beth MacCallum BCNB Nanoose Rhys Harrison NBJE Jemseg Jim Goltz ABHR High River Greg Wagner BCNK Nakusp Gary Davidson NBMO Moncton Roger Leblanc ABJA Jasper Gordon Ruddy BCNN Nanaimo Carlo Pavan NBRA Riverside-Albert David Christie ABLB Lac La Biche Jennifer Okrainec BCNS Nelson Elaine Moore NBSL St. Leonard Roy LaPointe ABMH Medicine Hat Bob Frew BCOO Oliver-Osoyoos Doug Brown NBSS St. Stephen Bill Nelson ABNA Nanton Mike Truch BCPA Port Alberni Sandy McRuer NBST Stanley Julie Singleton ABOP Opal Gerald Romanchuk BCPB Pemberton-Mt. Currie Hugh Naylor NBSV Sackville Sean Blaney ABPC Pincher Creek Sam Miller BCPE Richard Cannings ABRM Rocky Mountain House Chiarastella Feder BCPG Prince George Cathy Antoniazzi NEWFOUNDLAND & LABRADOR (NL) ABSA St. Albert Alan Hingston BCPH Pender Harbour Tony Greenfield NLBB Bonne Bay Darroch Whitaker ABSH Sheep River Doug Collister BCPI Pender Gerald McKeating NLCB Corner Brook Lois Bateman Patricia Crossley ABSL Slave Lake Patti Campsall NLCR Cape Race John BCPL Port Clements Peter Hamel ABSR Strathcona Jim Goodwin NLCS Cape St. Mary’s John Wells Margo Hearne ABST Stettler Wayne Kinsella NLFL Ferryland Bruce Mactavish BCPM Pitt Michael Buckingham ABTO Tofield Joyce Kelly-Sinclair NLGA Gander J. Kevin Butler Michael Griffin ABTS Snake’s Head Doug Collister NLGB Happy - Bay Tony Chubbs BCPO Powell River Heather Harbord ABVE Vermilion Iris NLSC St. Paul’s-Cow Head Darroch Whitaker BCPQ Parksville-Qualicum Sandra Gray ABWA Wainwright Shane Mascarin NLSJ St. Johns Paul Linegar BCPR Prince Rupert Robin Weber ABWL Wabamun Lake John Folinsbee NLTN Terra Nova N.P. (north) Janet Feltham BCPT Princeton Madelon Schouten ABWR Cochrane Wildlife Reserve Jamey Podlubny NLWL Wabush-Labrador City Gordon Parsons BCRE Revelstoke Michael Morris Suzanne Visser BCRS Rose Spit Peter Hamel NORTHWEST TERRITORIES (NT) Margo Hearne (BC) NTFS Fort Simpson Douglas Tate BCRW Rossland-Warfield Linda Szymkowiak BCAC Ashcroft-Cache Creek James Hallisey NTFT Fort Smith John McKinnon Arnold By NTHR Hay River Gary Vizniowski BCAH Apex-Hedley Eva Durance BCSA Arm Ted Hillary NTNW Norman Wells Richard Popko BCAM Abbotsford-Mission Lynn Miller BCSC Sunshine Tony Greenfield NTYE Yellowknife Robert Bromley BCBA Bamfield Anne Stewart BCSH Stewart-Hyder Bob Schonewille BCBK Lake Wendy Marshall BCSI Inlet Peter Hamel BCBV Bridesville Doug Brown Brian Eccles NOVA SCOTIA (NS) BCBW Big White Chris Charlesworth BCSK Soda Creek Phil Ranson NSAM Amherst Becky Stewart BCCA Cawston Doug Brown BCSL P.P. Rick Howie NSAN Antigonish Randy Lauff BCCB Cranbrook Greg Ross BCSM Smithers Rosamund Pojar NSAR Apple River Kathleen Spicer BCCG Castlegar Peter McIver BCSO Sooke Daniel Bryant NSBC Broad Cove Sylvia Fullerton BCCH Chilliwack Denis Knopp BCSQ Squamish Grant & Marcia NSBI Brier Island Eric Mills BCCI Cortes Island Nancy Kendel BCSS Sidney- Saltspring Jean Brouard NSBS Bedford-Sackville Richard Peckham BCCO Comox Marg Fowler BCTE Terrace Diane Weismiller NSCS Cape Sable Island Murray Newell BCCR Campbell River Luisa Richarson BCTL Peter Hamel David Currie Ed Silkens Barbara Small NSGB Glace Bay Catherine Murrant BCCT Creston Valley Sharon Laughlin BCTR Trail-Beaver Valley Arnold By NSHD Halifax-Dartmouth Michael King Catherine Prowse Werner Heitmann David Currie BCDA D’arcy-Birken R. Dan Cumming BCVA Danny Tyson Fulton Lavender BCDB Deep Bay Marg Fowler BCVE Vernon Peter Blokker NSKI Kingston Wayne Neily BCDC Dawson Creek Mark Phinney BCVI Ann Nightingale NSLO Louisbourg Ken Donovan BCDU Duncan Derrick Marven BCVL Richard Cannings NSLU Lunenburg James Hirtle BCFA Fauquier Ruth Bumpus BCVT Valemount Delores Moore NSPI Pictou Harbour Kenny McKenna BCFE Fernie Bob Livsey BCWH Whistler James Hallisey NSSC of Canso David Johnston BCFS Fort St. James Joanne Vinnedge BCWL Williams Lake Phil Ranson NSSH Sheet Harbour Jim Cameron BCGF Grand Forks Jenny Coleshill BCWR White Rock Ian & Emily Robertson NSSY The Sydneys David McCorquodale BCGO Golden Ellen Zimmerman BCYA Yalakom Valley Toby Mueller NSWH West Hants Patrick Kelly BCGS Galiano-North Saltspring Michael Hoebel NSWO Wolfville Alison Bogan BCHC Hat Creek Ken Wright MANITOBA (MB) NSWP White Point Sam de Ruyter BCHE Hecate Strait Peter Hamel MBBA Balmoral Jim Duncan NSYA Yarmouth Eric Ruff Margo Hearne MBBR Brandon Cal Cuthbert Barbara Ruff

96 AMERICAN BIRDS NUNAVUT (NU) ONPA Pakenham-Arnprior Michael Runtz ST. PIERRE ET MIQUELON (FR) NUAB Bay Clare Kines ONPC Port Colborne Drew Campbell FRIS Ile St.-Pierre Roger Etcheberry NUAR Arviat Lynne Rollin ONPE Prince Edward Point Terry Sprague FRPM Saint-Pierre et Miquelon Islands Roger Etcheberry NURI Rankin Inlet Brian Zawadski ONPG Petroglyphs Tony Bigg ONPH Peel-Halton Counties Mark Cranford SASKATCHEWAN (SK) ONTARIO (ON) ONPI Pickering Glenda Jones SKAV Avonlea Alan Smith ONAI Amherst Island Janet Scott ONPL Pickle Lake Tim McKillop SKBH Birch Moe Mareschal ONAL Algonquin P.P. Ron Tozer ONPM Pembroke Manson Fleguel SKBI Biggar Guy Wapple ONAM Alfred-Montebello Christine Brunet Christian Renault SKBL Besnard Lake Peter Gerrard Jacques Bouvier ONPN Elliot Lake (Penokean Hills) Joan MacGillivray SKCA Cater Orval Beland ONAT Atikokan Dave Elder ONPO Port Hope-Cobourg Roger Frost SKCC ’s Crossing Michael Williams ONBA Barrie Alex Mills ONPP Point Pelee Sarah Rupert SKCL Candle Lake Don Weidl ONBE Beaverton John McLean ONPQ Presqu’ile P.P. David Bree SKCR Creighton Brenda ONBL Blenheim Keith Burk ONPT Peterborough Tony Bigg SKDE Denholm Orval Beland ONBN Bancroft Bruce Collins ONPV Port Burwell-Vienna Adrian Juurlink SKDO Dorintosh Joe Twidale ONBP Bruce Peninsula N.P. Ethan Meleg Joe Stephenson SKEA Eastend Robert Gebhardt ONBR Brockville Area Daniel Cliffen ONRE Renfrew Jim Ferguson Kathy Hedegard ONRF Rideau Ferry Judy Buehler ONBV Belleville John Blaney SKGD Gardiner Guy Wapple ONRH Richmond Gene Denzel ONBW Bradford-West Gwillimbury Mike van den Tillaart SKHA Harris Guy Wapple ONSC St. Catharines Marcie Jacklin Ron Fleming SKKI Kinloch Don Forbes ONSD Sudbury Dieter Schoenefeld ONCA Cambridge Levi Moore SKKN Ketchen Dallas Fairburn ONSF Stratford Ken Clarke ONCC Cedar Creek Paul Pratt SKLS Leader South Daisy Meyers ONSG Sturgeon Lake Chris Ellingwood ONCD Caledon Chris Punnett SKLU Luseland Kim Finley ONSL St. Clair N.W.A. Allen Woodliffe ONCH Chapleau Sue Burk SKMO Morse Myrna Priebe ONCP Carleton Place Iain Wilkes ONSS Sault Ste. Marie David Euler ONST St. Thomas Diane Dobson SKNF Nisbet Forest Kim Clark ONCV Carden Alvar Bob Bowles SKPL Pike Lake Hilda Noton ONDB Dunrobin-Breckenridge Bruce Di Labio ONSU Sutton Paul Harpley ONSY Strathroy Dave Skinner SKPR Prince Albert Carman Dodge ONDE Delta Stephen Seiffert SKQD Qu’Appelle Valley Dam Michael Williams ONDR Deep River James Ungrin ONTB Thunder Bay Nick Escott ONTI Thousand Islands Chris Bellemore SKRE Regina Dale Hjertaas ONDY Dryden Darlene Salter SKSA Saskatoon Michael Williams ONEG Eganville Chris Michener ONTM Timmins Mark Joron ONTO Toronto Glenn Coady SKSL Saltcoats Jim Jowsey ONER Eagle River Carolle Eady SKSR Squaw Ryan Dudragne ONFL La Foret Larose Christine Brunet ONUX Uxbridge Derek Connelly ONVK Vankleek Hill Christine Brunet SKSW Swift Current Hugh Jacques Bouvier ONWE Westport Wendy Briggs-Jude SKWH Whitewood Boyd Metzler ONFV Fisherville Linda Thrower ONWG West Elgin George Prieksaitis SKYO Yorkton Geoffrey Rushowick ONGA Gameland Mark Johnson ONWI Wiarton Joseph Johnson ONGB Gravenhurst-Bracebridge Al Sinclair ONWL Wallaceburg Steve Charbonneau YUKON TERRITORIES (YT) ONGI Georgian Bay Islands N.P. Tim Sweeting ONWM Wye Marsh Dave Schandlen YTCA Carcross Dan Kemble ONGU Guelph Mike Cadman ONWO Woodhouse Township David Okines YTDA Dawson Sebastian Jones ONHA Hamilton Thomas Thomas ONWS Woodstock Jeff Skevington YTHJ Haines Junction Julie Bauer ONHB Holiday Beach Betty Learmouth ONWW Wawa Carol Dersch YTJC Johnson’s Crossing Ben Schonewille ONHE Hearst Luc Dubois YTKL Kluane N.P. Todd Heakes ONHH Halton Hills William McIlveen PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND (PEI) YTMA Mayo Mark O’Donoghue ONHI Hilliardton Bruce Murphy PEIHI Hillsborough Dan McAskill YTML Marsh Lake-Yukon River Clive Osborne ONHV Huntsville Ron Tozer PEIPE Prince Edward Island N.P. Dan McAskill YTOC Old Crow Dennis Kuch ONHW Hanover-Walkerton Gerard McNaughton YTTA Tagish Cameron Eckert ONIG Ignace Allan Harris QUEBEC (QC) YTTE Teslin Ben Schonewille ONIN Ingersoll Dave Martin QCAH Laval-Ahuntsic Benoit Dorion YTWH Whitehorse Jim Hawkings Ross Snider QCBL Brome Lake Tom Moore YTWL Watson Lake Ted Murphy-Kelly ONKC Kincardine Ralph Knowles QCBS Beauce Sud Alain Beauchamp ONKE Kenora Lyndon Kivi QCCC Contrecoeur Paul Messier ONKG Kingston Ron D. Weir QCCJ Chicoutimi-Jonquiere Jacques Ibarzabal CARIBBEAN ONKI Killarney P.P. Chuck Miller QCCS Cap-Saint-Ignace Marc Lecompte ONKL Kleinburg Bob Noble QCCV Cowansville Bertrand Hamel ONKP Kettle Point Pete Chapman BAHAMAS (BA) QCDR Drummondville Martine Lemieux BAGR Grand Bahama Island, Bahamas Bruce Purdy ONKT Kitchener Mike Burrell QCFO Forillon N.P. Denise Gagne ONKW Kawartha Leslie Dyment BANA North Abaco, Bahamas Elwood Bracey Serge Brodeur BANP New Providence Island, Bahamas Neil McKinney ONLH Lanark Bennett QCGE Georgeville Angela Losito ONLI Linwood Mike Burrell QCGR Granby Ginette Boyer (BE) ONLO London Peter Read QCHE Hemmingford Andre Messier BEBE Bermuda Andrew Dobson ONLP Long Point Ron Ridout QCHS Havre-St.-Pierre Stephanie Cloutier ONMA Marathon Martha Allen QCHU Hudson Alison Bentley DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (RD) Michael Butler QCIC Ile-du-Grand-Calumet Johanne Fregeau RDPE Puerto Escondido, Dominican Republic Kate ONMI Manitoulin Island Christopher Bell QCLA Lascelles Christian Detellier RDSB Salinas-Bani, Dominican Republic Kate Wallace ONMK Mashkinonje-North Monetville Angela Martin QCLC Lac-Etchemin Mario Labrie ONMM Mindemoya Christopher Bell QCLE Lennoxville Camille Lessard (PR) ONMN Minden Dennis Barry Gladys Beattie ONMR Morson Mark Johnson QCLO Longueuil Francois Gariepy PRAR Arecibo Jose A. Salguero ONMT Mattawa Keith Dillabough QCMI Mirabel Yves Payette Sergio Colon ONMU Mountain Chutes Michael Werner QCMO Montréal Jeff Harrison PRCR Cabo Rojo Jose A. Salguero ONMW Manitouwadge Tammie Hache QCMP Matapedia Christianne Pitre PRFA Fajardo Joseph Wunderle ONMY Massey Erwin Meissner QCNR New-Richmond Arsenault ONNA Napanee Anne Brown QCOP Otterburn Park Samuel Denault VIRGIN ISLANDS (VI) ONNB North Bay Brent Turcotte QCPE Perce Pierre Poulin VIAN Anegada, BVI Nancy Woodfield Pascoe ONNF Niagara Falls Kayo Roy QCQU Québec Pierre Lamothe Clive Petrovic ONNI -Red Rock Rob Swainson QCSJ St.-Jean-sur-le-Richelieu Sylvain Mathieu VIEE East End, St. Croix, USVI Jennifer Valiulis ONNL Haileybury (New Liskeard) Bruce murphy QCSL St.-Anne-du-Lac Marc-Antoine Montpetit VISC St. Croix, USVI Jennifer Valiulis ONNS North Shore Paul Pratt Real Richer VISJ St. John, USVI Edward Wilson ONOH Ottawa-Gatineau Bernie Ladouceur QCSP Chute-St.-Phillipe Marc-Antoine Montpetit VITO Tortola, BVI Nancy Woodfield Pascoe ONOR Orillia Ray Kiff Gilles Normandin Clive Petrovic ONOS Owen Sound Freeman Boyd QCST Sorel-Tracy Paul Messier ONOW Oshawa Rayfield Pye QCTA Tadoussac Gilles Chapdelaine

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 97 LATIN AMERICA CRLS La Selva, Lower Braulio Carillo N.P. Jim Zook CNSA Saipan Paul Radley CRMO Monteverde Elvin Rodriguez CNTI Tinian Paul Radley BELIZE (BL) Esteban Mendez Vargas BLBC Belize City Dirk Francisco CRPR Pacific Rainforest Aerial GUAM (GU) BLBE Belmopan Dirk Francisco Tram-Carara Reserve Jim Zook GUDE Dededo Dan Vice BLCB Cockscomb Basin Dirk Francisco CRRF Rain Forest Aerial Tram Jim Zook GUSO Southern Guam Dan Vice BLGJ Gallon Jug Bruce & Carolyn Miller BLPG Punta Gorda Lee Jones ECUADOR (EC) ECCB -Chongon-Puerto BRAZIL (BR) Hondo Eric Von Horstman BRMC Manaus-Camp 41, Amazonas Thiago Costa ECLA Loma Alta Dr. C. Dustin Becker ALABAMA (AL) Summer Wilson ECNM Mindo-Tandayapa Lani Miller ALBH Birmingham David George BRMD Manaus (ducke), Amazonas Thiago Costa ECRU Rio Upano RhoAnn Wallace ALCU Cullman Jimmy Wells Summer Wilson ECYY Yanayacu Caleb Gordon ALDI Dauphin Island Tom Siegwald BRME Manaus (east), Amazonas Thiago Costa ALEU Eufaula N.W.R. Sam Pate Summer Wilson GUATEMALA (GM) ALGS Gulf Shores Greg Jackson BRMT Manaus-Towers, Amazonas Thiago Costa GMAN Antigua Knut Eisermann Howard Horne Summer Wilson Claudia Avendaqo ALGU Guntersville Linda GMAV Atitlan Knut Eisermann ALMO Montgomery Lawrence Gardella CHILE (CH) Claudia Avendaqo ALMT Mobile-Tensaw Delta Roger Clay CHDP Drake Passage, South Richard Veit GMTK Tikal Knut Eisermann ALTU Tuscaloosa David Arnold Claudia Avendaqo ALWA Waterloo Paul Kittle COLOMBIA (CL) ALWH Wheeler N.W.R. Dwight Cooley CLAM Parque Nacional Natural (MX) Amacayacu-Sector Matamata, MXAL Alamos, Sonora David Mackay (AK) Amazonas Rocio Espinosa Rafael Angel Arenas Wong AKAN Anchorage Steve Matsuoka CLAN Antioquia Norte Rocio Espinosa MXBL Barranca Rancho la Liebre, Sinaloa Rene Valdes AKCH Chilkat Tim Shields Ute Teske MXCC La Cienega de Chapala John Keeling AKCK Craig-Klawock Larry Dickerson CLAQ Andaqui, Caqueta Rocio Espinosa MXCL Colonias de Perritos Llanero AKCO Cordova Milo Burcham CLAR Armenti, Atlantico Rocio Espinosa de Coahuila Samuel Lopez AKCW Cantwell Jill Boelsma CLAS Antioquia Sur Rocio Espinosa MXCR , Sonora Osvel Hinojosa-Huerta AKDE Denali N.P. Nancy Eagleson Ute Teske Alejandra Calvo AKDI Dillingham Michael Swaim CLBB Rio Barbas-Bremen N.R., Quindmo Rocio Espinosa MXCS Canon del Sumidero Claudia Macias-Caballero AKDJ Delta Junction Steve DuBois CLBV Buenavista, Meta Rocio Espinosa MXCZ Coast of Central Veracruz Eduardo Martinez Leyva AKEC Eagle Community Marlys House Ute Teske MXEC El Cuyo, Yucatan Melgar Tabasco AKER Eagle River Liza Sanden CLCO Occidental MXEG El Yugo, Sinaloa Rene Valdes Doris Ivory Valle del Cauca Rocio Espinosa MXEJ Ejido San Pedro, Chihuahua David Mehlman AKFA Fairbanks Gail Mayo CLEC El Cocuy P.N.N., Boyaca Rocio Espinosa MXEP Ensenada de La Paz, BCS Daniel Galindo-Espinosa River Gates Ute Teske Eduardo Palacios AKGA Galena Jenny Bryant CLGU Guanenta S.F.F., Alto Rio Fonce, MXES Ensenada, Baja Mark Billings AKGB Bay Phoebe Vanselow Santander Rocio Espinosa MXGJ Guadalajara, Jalisco Eloisa Martmnez AKGK Gakona Merben Cebrian Ute Teske Elisa Maya Elizarraras AKHA Haines Tim Shields CLIN Ibague Zona Norte, Tolima Rocio Espinosa Judith Pampa AKHO Homer David Erikson CLLC Santuario de Fauna y Flora MXLC Laguna de Chapala, Jalisco John Keeling AKIZ Izembek N.W.R. Lucretia Fairchild Los , Bolivar Rocio Espinosa MXMC Richard Wilson AKJU Juneau Mark Schwan CLLE La Esmeralda, Caldas Rocio Espinosa Alejandro Melendez Gus van Vliet CLLL Laguna La Cocha, Nariqo Rocio Espinosa Hector Gomez de Silva AKKE Ketchikan Andrew Piston Ute Teske MXMD Madera, Chihuahua Rene Valdes AKKL Kenny Lake Ruth McHenry CLLV La Vieja, Atlantico Rocio Espinosa Francelia Torres AKKO Kodiak Richard MacIntosh Ute Teske Javier Cruz AKKS King Salmon-Naknek Susan Savage CLMO Mocana, Atlantico Rocio Espinosa MXMS Montanas de San Cristobal, AKMI Mitkof Island Bill Pawuk CLNV Nevados National Park, Caldas Rocio Espinosa Chiapas Claudia Macias-Caballero Brad Hunter CLPA Pasto, Nariqo Rocio Espinosa Ute Teske Efrain Castillejos AKMV Matanuska Valley Bob Winckler CLPB Paipa, Boyaca Rocio Espinosa MXNY Northeastern Coast of the Yucatan AKNC Narrow Cape-Kalsin Bay Richard MacIntosh CLPI Pisba AICA, Boyaca Rocio Espinosa Peninsula (Rio Lagartos) Melgar Tabasco AKNO Nome Alice Sullivan CLPO Pachaquiaro, Meta Rocio Espinosa MXOJ Oaxaca de Juarez, Oaxaca Eric Antonio Martinez AKPB Prudhoe Bay Ed CLPS Paramo de Siscunsi, Boyaca Rocio Espinosa MXPP Puerto Penasco, Sonora Steve Ganley AKSE Seward Carol Griswold Ute Teske MXRE Rancho el Palomino, AKSI Victoria Vosburg CLRB Rio Blanco, Caldas Rocio Espinosa Chihuahua Roberto Rodriguez Jen Cedarleaf Ute Teske Luis Rivas Matt Goff CLRN Rio Qambi, Nariqo Rocio Espinosa MXSC San Carlos, Sonora Terry Brownell AKSO Soldotna Jack Sinclair CLRO Rogitama, Boyaca Rocio Espinosa MXWY West Coast of the Yucatan AKSW Skagway C. E. Furbish CLRP Reserva de Planalto, Caldas Rocio Espinosa Peninsula (Celestun) Melgar Tabasco AKTB Thorne Bay Brandy Prefontaine CLSA San Andres, San Andres y AKTC Trapper Creek-Talkeetna Rick Ernst Providencia Islands Rocio Espinosa NICARAGUA AKTO Tok Bud Johnson CLSB Sabana de Bogota, Cundinamarca F. Gary Stiles NIRJ Reserva El Jaguar, Jinotega Liliana Chavarria AKTS Tenakee Springs Beret Barnes CLSI San Isidro, Huila Rocio Espinosa NISN Sierritas de Managua, AKUN Unalaska Island Suzi Golodoff CLSY Serrania de los Yariguies P.N.N., Conteo Navideqo Sally Gladstone AKWI Wrangell Island Melissa Cady Santander Rocio Espinosa Ute Teske PANAMA (RP) (AZ) CLTA Tama P.N.N., Norte de Santander Rocio Espinosa RPAC Atlantic Area Karl Kaufmann AZAH Atascosa Highlands Richard C. Hoyer Ute Teske RPCC Central Canal Area Karl Kaufmann Jake Mohlmann CLTL Tota Lake, Boyaca Rocio Espinosa RPPC Pacific Canal Area Karl Kaufmann AZAV Avra Valley Mary Lou Cole CLTN Tumaco, Nariqo Rocio Espinosa RPVC Volcan, Chiriqui Glen Lee AZAW Appleton-Whittell Robert Weissler Ute Teske AZBA Buenos Aires N.W.R. Bonnie Swarbrick CLTU Tunja, Boyaca Rocio Espinosa (TR) AZBW Bill Williams Delta Kathleen Blair CLVV Villavicencio, Meta Rocio Espinosa TRTR Trinidad Vishnu Debie AZCF Carefree Walter Thurber AZCH Chino Valley Duerksen COSTA RICA (CR) PACIFIC ISLANDS AZCP Ajo-Cabeza Prieta N.W.R. Curt McCasland CREB Estacion Biologica Cano Palma, Limon Mike Dunn AZCV Camp Verde Betsy Feinberg CRLM Fila Costera (la Merced) Noel Urena COMMONWEALTH OF NORTHERN MARIANA IS. (CN) Terence Blows Luis Sanchez CNRO Rota Paul Radley AZDV Dudleyville Doug Jenness

98 AMERICAN BIRDS AZEL Elfrida Tom Wood CACS Crystal Springs Al DeMartini CARC Rio Cosumnes Andrew Engilis AZFL Flagstaff-Mt. Elden Terence Blows Gary Deghi CARE Redding Bill Oliver AZGC Glen Canyon John Spence Leslie Flint CARM Redlands (Mill Creek) Eugene Cardiff AZGR Gila River Troy Corman CACU Cachuma Alexander Abela CARS Rancho Santa Fe Robert Patton AZGV Valley-Madera Canyon Michael Marsden CACW Caswell-Westley Harold Reeve CASA Santa Ana River Valley Larry LaPre AZHR Hassayampa River Vanessa Montgomery CACZ Tom Maloney CASB Santa Barbara Joan Lentz AZHV Havasu N.W.R. DeeDee DeLorenzo Andrea Jones Dave Compton AZJE Jerome Betsy Feinberg CADM Diamond Valley Steve Adkison Rebecca Coulter AZML Mormon Lake Elaine Morrall CADV Death Valley Linda Manning Joan Murdoch AZMY Martinez Lake-Yuma Henry Detwiler CAEA Eastern Alameda County Richard Cimino Bill AZNO Nogales Michael Bissontz David Bowden CASC Santa Cruz County David Suddjian AZPA Thomas Arny Jeff Miller CASD San Diego Philip Unitt AZPO Portal Jackie Lewis CAEC East Contra Costa County Jimm Edgar Richard Breisch AZPR Prescott Carl Tomoff Maury Stern CASE South Lake Tahoe Will Richardson AZPS Pipe Spring N.M. Andrea Bornemeier CAEL Eagle Lake Lewis Oring CASF San Francisco Dan Murphy AZPT Phoenix-Tres Rios David Powell Kay Oring Alan Hopkins AZPY Payson David Hallock CAEN Elsinore Julie Szabo CASG -Guadalupe Alexander Abela Grace Knowles CAES Escondido Kenneth Weaver CASH Salton Sea (north) Chet McGaugh AZRC Ramsey Canyon Ted Mouras CAET Etna Michael Taylor John F. Green Robert Weissler CAFO Folsom Chris Conard CASJ San Jose Kirsten Holmquist AZSC Santa Catalina Bob Bates CAFR Fall River Mills Bob Yutzy CASK South Fork Valley Denise LaBerteaux AZSD St. David Tom Wood Carol Yutzy CASL San Jacinto Lake Anthony Metcalf AZSE Sedona Dottie Hook CAGR Groveland Bill Zachman Tom Benson AZSR Superior Cynthia Donald CAGV Grass Valley Rudy Darling CASM Sacramento Mark Cudney AZSV Salt Verde River Kurt Radamaker CAHF Hayward-Fremont Phil & Pat Gordon CASN Sonora Steven Umland AZTV Tucson Valley Larry Liese CAHL Honey Lake Tim Manolis CASO San Bernardino Valley Dorothy Myers CAID Idyllwild Steve Adkison CASP Springville Gary Lindquist ARKANSAS (AR) CAJT Joshua Tree N.P. Joe Zarki CASQ Sequoia Daniel Gammons ARAR Arkadelphia Dolores Harrington CAKR Kern River Valley Alison Sheehey CASR Santa Rosa Ruth Rudesill Charles Mills CALA Los Angeles Dan Cooper B. D. Parmeter ARBD Bayou DeView Steve Osborne CALB Long Beach-el Dorado Rich Sonnenberg CASS Salton Sea (south) Oscar Johnson ARBE Buffalo National River (east) Mike Simpson CALC Lincoln Edward Pandolfino CAST Stockton Jim Rowoth Leif Anderson CALH Lake Henshaw Gretchen Cummings CASU San Juan Capistrano Jessica Griffiths ARBL Big Lake N.W.R. Allen Reams CALL -Fresno Kevin Enns-Rempel CASV San Fernando Valley Arthur Langton ARCC Crooked Creek Valley SallyJo Gibson CALN Lancaster Nick Freeman CASY Sierra Valley Colin Dillingham ARCO Conway Martha Johnson Mary Freeman CASZ Sonoma Valley Tom Rusert CALR Lake Almanor Ryan Burnett Darren Peterie ARFA Fayetteville Joseph C. Neal CALS Los Baqos Harold Reeve CATJ Tejon Ranch Michael White ARFS Fort Smith-Moffett Bill Beall CALU La Purisima Alexander Abela CATL Tule Lake Kevin Spencer ARHB Holla Bend N.W.R. Leif Anderson CALW LaGrange-Waterford Harold Reeve CATO Thousand Oaks David Pereksta ARHS Hot Springs Village Lynn Sackett CAMA Marysville Tim Manolis CAUK Ukiah Cheryl Watson ARJO Jonesboro Jim Bednarz CAMC Marin County (southern) Dominik Mosur Ventura Karl Krause ARLG Lake Georgia-Pacific/Felsenthal N.W.R. Leif Anderson Harrison Karr CAWB Wallace-Bellota Stephen Stocking ARLO Lonoke Daniel Scheiman Dianne Sierra CAWC Willow Creek Gary Lester ARLR Little Rock Daniel Scheiman CAMD Moss Landing Bob Ramer CAWO Woodfords Tim Fitzer ARMH Mountain Home Philip Hyatt Bernadette Ramer Dan Brown ARML Magnolia-Lake Columbia Sterling Lacy Jr. John Warriner Andrea Salmi Loice K. Lacy Ricky Warriner CAWS Western Sonoma County Veronica Bowers ARNF North Fork, Illinois Bayou Dwayne Rambo CAMF Milburn-Fresno Larry Parmeter Janeann Erickson ARPB Pine Bluff Robert Doster CAMH Mount Hamilton Bob Hirt CAYO Yosemite N.P. Sarah Stock ARTE Texarkana Don Kyle CAMI Mineral Michael Magnuson CAYR Yreka Joey Russell J. Mcafee CAMJ River Valley Stephen Myers ARVC Village Creek S.P. Tara Gillanders CAML Mono Lake Kristie Nelson COLORADO (CO) ARWA Wapanocca N.W.R. Dick Preston CAMN Mendocino Coast Karen Havlena COAS Aspen Allen Levantin Van Harris David Jensen COBF Black Forest Judy Von Ahlefeldt ARWR White River N.W.R. Keith Sutton CAMP Monterey Peninsula Blake Matheson COBL Barr Lake William Kaempfer Chris Tenney COBO Boulder Bill Schmoker CALIFORNIA (CA) CAMR Morro Bay Thomas Edell COBR Bonny Glenn Walbek CAAA Auburn Deren Ross CAMS Mount Shasta Joey Russell COCO Cortez Carolyn Gunn CAAB Anza-Borrego Robert Theriault CAMU Malibu Larry Allen COCR Crook Steve Larson CAAD Anderson River Park Rob Santry CAMV Morongo Valley Hoggan COCS Colorado Springs Ben Sorensen CAAG Angwin Murray Berner David Novick CODC Douglas County Nancy Crews CAAN Aqo Nuevo Al DeMartini CAMW Merced N.W.R. Larry Parmeter Cindy Livingston Leslie Flint CAOA Oakland Bob Lewis CODE Denver Dick Schottler CAAR Arcata Kerry Ross David Quady Patty Echelmeyer CABA Bakersfield John Wilson CAOC Orange County (coastal) Steve Alter Tina Jones CABE Benicia Robin L. C. Leong Marian Alter CODL Delta Dennis Garrison CABG Big Sur Blake Matheson CAON Orange County (northeastern) Steve Alter CODU Durango Susan Allerton CABI Bishop Chris Howard Marian Alter CODV Denver (urban) Hugh Kingery CABS Butterbredt Spring Charles Bragg Jr. CAOV Oceanside-Vista-Carlsbad Terry Hunefeld COEI Evergreen-Idaho Springs Brad Andres CABV Buena Vista, Kern County Alison Sheehey CAPA Palo Alto Alan M. Eisner Barbara Jean Gard CACA Calaveras Barry Boulton CAPC Putah Creek Steve Hampton COFC Fort Collins Nick Komar CACB Centerville Beach to King Salmon Gary Lester CAPI Pinnacles N.M. Russell Scalf COFO Fountain Creek Brandon Percival CACC Contra Costa County Jimm Edgar Steve Lombardi COGB Granby Brock McCormick CACH Lake Peter Woodman CAPN Panoche Valley Clay Kempf COGJ Grand Junction Paul Didier CACI Santa Clarita Daniel Cooper CAPP Verdes Peninsula Ross Landry COGR Paul Lightsey CACL Clear Lake Darlene Hecomovich David Moody COGS Great Sand N.P. Phyllis Pineda Bovin CACM Claremont Dan Guthrie CAPR Point Reyes Peninsula John Longstreth COGU Gunnison Arden Anderson CACN Carpinteria Rob Denholtz CAPS Pasadena-San Gabriel Valley Jon Fisher COHO Hotchkiss Jason Beason CACO Chico Phil Johnson CAPV Peace Valley Peter Sands COJM John Martin Reservoir Duane Nelson CACP Carrizo Roger Zachary Bruce Deuel COLI Lake Isabel David Silverman CACR Calero-Morgan Hill Ann Verdi CARB Red Bluff Karen Scheuermann COLO Longmont Ron Harden

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 99 COLV Loveland Ashley Waddell FLJC Jackson County Andy Bankert HINK Hawai’i: North Kona Arlene Buchholz COMO Montrose Melissa Siders FLJD Jonathan Dickinson S.P. Peter Quincy HIVO Hawai’i: Volcano Eldridge Naboa COMV Monte Vista N.W.R. Lisa Clements FLKD Kendall Area Bill Boeringer HIWA Kaua’i: Waimea Thane Pratt CONP North Park Deborah McLachlan FLKL Key Largo-Plantation Key Peter Frezza HIWO O’ahu: Waipi’o David A. Bremer CONU Nunn James Sedgwick FLKV Kissimmee Valley Peggy Cholley COPE Penrose Mark Peterson FLKW Key West Mark Hedden IDAHO (ID) COPR Pueblo Reservoir Mark Yaeger FLLA Lakeland Paul Fellers IDAF American Falls Reservoir Chuck Trost COPU Pueblo Brandon Percival Charles Geanangel IDBF Bonners Ferry Jan Rose CORA Rawhide Energy Station Douglas Kibbe FLLC Lake City Virlyn Willis IDBH Buhl Miriam Austin CORF Roaring Fork River Valley David Clark FLLO Long Pine Key Robin Diaz IDBL Valley Dennis Austin CORM Rocky Mountain N.P. Scott Roederer FLLP Lake Placid Jon Greenlaw IDBO Boise R. L. Rowland CORO Rocky Ford Stanley Oswald FLLW Lake Wales Donald Van Deman IDBR Bruneau Larry Ridenhour COSD Salida Sherrie York FLME Melrose James Swarr IDCD Coeur d’Alene Shirley Sturts COSL Sterling Gary Matthews FLMI Merritt Island N.W.R. Ned Steel IDCM Craters of the Moon Mike Munts COSP Spanish Peaks David Silverman Jim Pedersen IDGV Garden Valley Gary Worthington COSS Steamboat Springs Thomas Litteral FLMR Myakka River S.P. Kenneth Alvarez Spencer Walters COWE Westcliffe Jane Pedersen FLNA Naples Phil Allman IDHO Howe Kit Struthers COWF Weldona-Fort Morgan Bruce Bosley FLNP North Pinellas Marianne Korosy IDHV Hagerman Valley Sarah Harris FLNR West Pasco (New Port Richey) Bill Pranty IDIF Idaho Falls Mark Delwiche CONNECTICUT (CT) FLPE Pensacola Bill Bremser IDIM Indian Mountain Donald Heikkila CTBA Barkhamsted David Tripp Jr. FLPI Ponce Inlet Donald Picard IDLE Lewiston-Clarkston Terry Gray CTEW Edwin Way Teale Trail Wood Susan Harrington Richard Domroski IDMP Moscow-Pullman David Holick CTGS Greenwich-Stamford Brian O’Toole FLPR Anthony Licata Tom Weber Gary Palmer FLPS Port St. Joe Robert K. (Bob) Henderson IDNA Nampa Lynn Davenport CTHA Hartford Kaplan FLSA St. Augustine James Wheat IDPO Pocatello Chuck Trost Stephen Davis FLSB South Brevard County Roy Book IDPV Pahsimeroi Valley Anna Means CTLH Litchfield Hills Raymond Belding FLSC Sanibel-Captiva Elaine Jacobson IDRE Rexburg Darren Clark CTLS Lakeville-Sharon Robert Moeller FLSM St. Marks Katy NeSmith IDSA Salmon Roberts CTNH New Haven Christopher Loscalzo Jim Cox IDSL Lake Shirley Sturts CTNL New London Robert Dewire FLSO STA5-Clewiston Margaret IDSP Sandpoint Rich Del Carlo CTOL Old Lyme-Saybrook Barbara Barron FLSP St. Petersburg Ron Smith IDSV Sun Valley Brian Sturges CTQV Quinnipiac Valley Wilhelmina Smith FLSR Sarasota Jeanne Dubi IDTF Twin Falls Jeff Ruprecht CTSM Stratford- Steve Mayo FLST Stuart Elizabeth Hailman IDTV Teton Valley Susan Patla CTSR Salmon River Joseph Morin FLTA Tampa David Bowman CTST Storrs Steve Morytko FLTH Tallahassee Marvin Collins ILLINOIS (IL) CTWE Westport James Hunter FLTT Ten Thousand Islands Jim Krakowski ILAN Andalusia Kelly McKay CTWR Woodbury-Roxbury Chris Wood FLVE Venice-Englewood Rett Oren ILBA Barrington Duane Heaton Ed Hagen FLWM West Marion County Norman Lantz ILBH Bird Haven Sanctuary, Olney Frank Storment FLWP West Palm Beach Charles Weber ILBL Baldwin Lake-Kaskaskia River Valley Tim Dever DELAWARE (DE) FLWR Wekiva River Jay Exum ILBN Bloomington-Normal Dale Birkenholz DEBH Bombay Hook N.W.R. Andrew Ednie FLWV West Volusia County David Stock Rhea Edge DECH Cape Henlopen-Prime Hook Frank Rohrbacher FLZE Zellwood-Mount Dora Wes Biggs ILBU Bushnell Larry L. Hood DEMF Milford Chris Bennett Robert A. Montgomery DEMI Middletown Brucee Lantz GEORGIA (GA) ILCA Chautauqua N.W.R. Richard Bjorklund DERE Rehoboth Jeff Gordon GAAB Albany Alan Ashley ILCC Champaign County Helen Parker Liz Deluna Gordon GAAF Amicalola Falls Georgann Schmalz ILCD Coles-Cumberland Laurence Thorsen DESN Seaford-Nanticoke Glen Lovelace III Theresa Hartz ILCE Carlyle Lake Danny Kassebaum DEWI Wilmington James White GAAH Athens Eugenia Thompson ILCL Chicago Lakefront Joel Greenberg (FL) Mary Case ILCO Crab Orchard N.W.R. Vicki Lang FLAB Aripeka-Bayport Bill Pranty GAAL Atlanta Bob Zaremba ILCR Calumet City-Sand Bob Harrison FLAC Apalachicola Bay-St. Vincent N.W.R. Alan Knothe GAAU Augusta Anne Waters ILCS Crane Lake-Sangamon Robert Randall FLAL Alafia Banks David Bowman GABL Bainbridge-Lake Seminole Oscar Dewberry ILCT Clinton Lake Rhetta Jack FLAP Avon Park A.F. Range Troy Hershberger GABR Blue Ridge Robert Kimsey ILCU Chicago (urban) Jeffrey Sanders FLBA Bradenton David Williamson GACG Callaway Gardens Cory Croft Randall Sanders FLBC Bay County Lisa Keppner GACH Chattahoochee National Forest ILCV Collinsville Frank FLBI Biscayne N.P. Howard Tritt Songbird M.A. Johnny Parks ILCY Cypress Creek Jeffrey Hoover FLBO Brooksville Clay Black GACI Cumberland Island Sheila Willis ILDE Decatur Norm Jensen FLCB Choctawhatchee Bay Donald Ware GACL Carter’s Lake Joshua Spence ILDK Dekalb Mike Andrews FLCE Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. Brian Rapoza GACO Sam Pate Kristen Andrews FLCK Cedar Key Ronald Christen GADA Dalton Phil Riner ILEK Eastern Knox County Jim Mountjoy FLCO Cocoa David Freeland GADU Dublin Robert Sargent ILEL Elsah Mary Jane Hoff FLCR Crystal River Keith Douglas GAFC Floyd County Owen Kinney ILEN Evanston (north shore) Tim Wallace FLCS Corkscrew Sanctuary Sally Stein GAGC Glynn County Mike Chapman ILFB Fermilab-Batavia Jeff Chapman FLDB Daytona Beach David Hartgrove GAHN Harris Neck N.W.R. Steve Calver ILFG Forest Glen Preserve James Smith FLDC Dade County Brian Rapoza GALB Lake Blackshear Terry Johnson Marilyn Campbell FLDT Dry Tortugas National Park Oron Bass GALO Lake Oconee Paul Sykes ILFR Freeport Anne Straight FLEC Econlockhatchee Lorne Malo Steve Holzman ILHL Horseshoe Lake Vernon Kleen FLEM Emeralda-Sunnyhill Peg Lindsay GAMA Macon Marie Amerson ILHP Hennepin John McKee John Stenberg GAOK Okefenokee N.W.R. Sheila Willis ILIL Illini S.P. Jim Hampson FLEP East Pasco Bill Pranty GAPC Peachtree City Brock Hutchins ILJC Jackson County Rhonda S. (Monroe) Rothrock FLFG Flagler Walter Mahler GAPR N.W.R.-Rum Creek W.M.A. Terry Johnson ILJO Joliet Gregory Bluhm FLFK Fakahatchee Jim Krakowski GASC St. Catherines Island Emil K. Urban ILKI Kishwaukee Barbara Williams FLFL Fort Lauderdale Bryant Roberts GASI Sapelo Island William Dopson ILKV Kankakee Valley Jed Hertz FLFM Fort Myers Dan Davis GASV Savannah, GA-SC Steve Calver ILLA Lisle Arboretum Geoffrey Williamson FLFP Fort Pierce Camille Yates ILMC McHenry County Rob Gough FLGA Gainesville Howard HAWAII (HI) Dwight Dalton John Hintermister HIHO O’ahu: Honolulu Arlene Buchholz ILME Monroe County Carl Daubach FLGC Gulf Circle, Manatee County David Williamson HIKA Kaua’i: Kapa’a Shayna Carney ILMF Middle Fork River Valley Steven Bailey FLHC Hamilton County Jerry Krummrich Kim Uyehara ILMI Meredosia Island Tony Ward FLIS Ichetucknee-Santa Fe-O’Leno Ginger Morgan HIKU Moloka’i: Kualapu’u Arleone Dibbin-Young ILML Mermet Lake, Massac County Frank Bennett FLJA Jacksonville Peggy Powell HILA Laysan Island Cindy Rehkemper Rhonda Rothrock Anne Turner HIMA Midway Cynthia Rehkemper ILMW Morris-Wilmington William Morris

100 AMERICAN BIRDS ILNE Jeff Walk IAIC Iowa City Chris Edwards LAPP Pine Prairie Marty Floyd ILPE Peoria Thad Edmonds Bob Dick LARB Reserve-Bonnet Carre Spillway Melvin Weber ILPM Pere Marquette Park Jerry Ingles IAJA Jamaica Raymond Cummins LASA Sabine N.W.R. R. Martin Guidry ILQU Quincy Ken Heinze IAKE Keokuk Robert Cecil LASC Sweet Lake-Cameron ILRC Rock Cut S.P. Callaway IAMC Mason City Rita Goranson Prairie N.W.R. Steven W. Cardiff ILRL Rend Lake Keith McMullen IAMU Muscatine Kelly McKay Donna L. Dittmann ILRO Rockford Dan Williams IANL North Linn Weir Nelson LASH Shreveport Charles Lyon ILRU Rushville Harold Hedden IAPC Princeton-Camanche Kelly McKay LAST St. Tammany Parish Linda Beall ILSC Schapville Terrence N. Ingram IARL Rathbun Lake Mike Stephens LATR Tensas River N.W.R. Dan Twedt ILSH Shelbyville Reservoir Travis Mahan IARR Red Rock Lake Aaron Brees LAVE Venice Robert Purrington ILSP Springfield H. David Bohlen IASC Sioux City Jerry Probst ILSR Starved Rock S.P. John McKee IASE Southeast Clayton County Danny Akers MAINE (ME) ILTC Thorn Creek-Park Forest Bob Harrison IASH Shenandoah Keith Dyche MEAU Augusta Jay Adams ILUC Union County Vernon Kleen IASL Spirit Lake Lee Schoenewe MEBB Bangor-Bucksport Jerry A. Smith ILWA Waukegan Joel Greenberg IASP Green Island-Lost Mound Ed Anderson MEBF North Penobscot Bay Seth Benz ILWM Western Mercer County Kelly McKay IASR Saylorville Reservoir Stephen J. Dinsmore MEBH Blue Hill Leda Beth Gray ILWP White Pines S.P.-Nachusa Eric Walters IAWC Walnut Creek N.W.R. Karen Viste-Sparkman MEBK Biddeford-Kennebunkport Marie Jordan ILWV Warbluff Valley Sanctuary Andrea Douglas IAYR Yellow River Forest Koenig MEBL Bunker Hill John Weinrich MEBP Bath-Phippsburg-Georgetown Don Hudson INDIANA (IN) KANSAS (KS) MECA Calais Maurice Mills INBO Big Oaks N.W.R. Joseph Robb KSAC Arkansas City Eugene Young MEDF Dover-Foxcroft Charles Dorchester INCN Crane Naval Weapons Support CenterHarmon P. KSBA Baldwin Roger Boyd MEDI Deer Isle Tom Bjorkman Weeks KSCI Cimarron National Sebastian Patti Clark Moseley INEC Eagle Creek Valley Karen La Mere KSEM Emporia Jean Schulenberg MEEA Eastport Maurice Mills INEH Elkhart County Ronda DeCaire KSHN Halstead-Newton Lorna Harder MEFA Farmington Trevor Persons INEV Evansville Brian Taylor KSKR Kirwin Reservoir Nelson Michael MEFB Freeport-Brunswick Don Hudson INFW Fort Wayne James Haw KSLA Lawrence Galen Pittman Stella Walsh INGP Goose Lee Sterrenburg KSLC Linn County Roger Boyd MELA Lewiston-Auburn Stan DeOrsey INHC Hamilton County Art Jeffries KSLS Liberal-Seward County Sebastian Patti MEMA Matinicus Jeffrey Wells INHM Hanover-Madison Dan Webster KSOL Olathe Don Weiss MEMD Mount Desert Island Michael Good Dick Davis KSOP Oskaloosa-Perry Lake Bunnie Watkins MEMI Monhegan Island Peter Vickery INID Indiana Dunes KSPA Parsons Rick Tucker MEMJ Moose Island-Jonesport Patti Reilly National Lakeshore Brad Bumgardner KSQU Quivira N.W.R. Mike Rader MEOO Orono-Old Town Paul Markson ININ Indianapolis John Schaust KSRH Red Hills Pete Janzen MEPA Greater Portland William Hancock INJC Johnson County Karl Werner KSSC Scott Lake Tom Shane MEPD Pemaquid-Damariscotta Joseph Gray INJT Jamestown Roger Hedge KSSL Salina Harold Lear MEPI Presque Isle Bill Sheehan INLA Lafayette Ed Hopkins KSSM Southeast Kansas Minedland Steven Ford MESP Schoodic Point William Townsend INLM Lake Monroe Donald Whitehead KSTO Topeka James Malcom MESW Jean Preis INMC McCormick’s Creek S.P. Sandy Belth KSUW Udall-Winfield Max Thompson Sue Black Jeff Belth KSWI Wichita Kevin Groeneweg METR Thomaston-Rockland Don Reimer INMO Michaela Farm-Oldenburg Wayne Wauligman KSWL Waconda Lake Henry Armknecht MEUN Unity Dave Potter INMT Muscatatuck N.W.R. Donna Stanley KSWR Webster Reservoir Mike Rader MEWA Waterville Bets Brown INMU Muncie Bill Grummer KSWS Wilson Reservoir Mike Rader MEYC York County Patricia Moynahan INNL Northeast LaPorte County Dennis Richardson INOC Oakland City Dan Collins KENTUCKY (KY) (MD) INPC Posey County Brian Taylor KYCC Calloway County Happy Chambers MDAC Allegany County John Churchill INPK Pokagon Fred Wooley KYDA Danville Neil Eklund MDAG Annapolis-Gibson Island Hal Wierenga INPL Patoka Lake John Castrale KYDS Daviess County South Mike Henshaw Sue Ricciardi INPR Pigeon River State KYFR Frankfort Peggy Gould MDBH Baltimore Harbor Peter Webb Fish & Wildlife Area Gary Tieben KYHO Hopkinsville James Chiles MDBO Bowie Frederick Fallon INPY Plymouth Matthew Enos KYKL Kleber W.M.A. Peggy Gould MDCM Catoctin Mountain Michael Welch Samuel Boys KYLB Land Between the Aviva Yasgur MDCR Crisfield Paul Bystrak INRI Richmond Jim Seaney KYLD London Wendi Allen MDCV Chesterville Maren Gimpel INSB South Bend Victor Riemenschneider KYLE Lexington Betty Maxson MDDE Denton Steve Westre INSC Southern Lake County Barb Dodge David Lang MDEL Elkton Laura Balascio INSM Spring Mill S.P. John Castrale KYLH Lincolns Birthplace-Hodgenville, MDJB Jug Bay Sam Droege INSU Sullivan County Michael Brown LaRue County Sandy Brue MDLK Lower Kent County Nancy Martin INTC Tri-County, Rochester Thomas Leggett KYLO Louisville Pat Bell Walter Ellison INTH Terre Haute Peter Scott KYRA Russell/Adair County Roseanna Denton MDOA Oakland Connie Skipper Dan Weber KYSO Somerset Roseanna Denton MDOC Ocean City Jay Sheppard INTI Tippecanoe David Hicks KYWC Wayne County Roseanna Denton MDPL Point Lookout Bob Boxwell INTO Topeka Daniel Stoltzfus MDPR Patuxent River Andrew Brown Perry Miller LOUISIANA (LA) MDPT Port Tobacco Gwen Brewer INTR Run S.P. Alan Bruner LABC Bossier-Caddo-Bienville Paul Dickson MDRR Rock Run Mark Johnson INWC Warrick County Brian Taylor LACA Catahoula N.W.R. Marty Floyd Suzanne Procell INWG Western Gibson County Charles Mills LACL Cheneyville-Lecompte Marty Floyd MDSA Salisbury Samuel Dyke INWH Whitewater S.P. Jim Seaney LACR Creole Justin Bosler Mike Walsh INWS Willow Slough-Iroquois Preserves Ed Hopkins LACW Crowley Marty Floyd MDSD Southern Dorchester County Chandler Robbins LADA D’Arbonne Joan Brown MDSE Seneca Mark England IOWA (IA) LAFP Fort Polk Jim Johnson MDSM Sugarloaf Mountain Janet Millenson IAAM Ames Shane Patterson LAGI Grand Isle Chris Brantley Helen Horrocks IABO Boone County Mark Widrlechner LAJB Johnsons Bayou Ken Sztraky MDST St. Michaels Wayne Bell IABU Burlington Chuck Fuller LALA Lafayette Judith O’Neale MDTR Triadelphia Reservoir David W. Holmes IACL Clinton Kelly McKay Michael Hooker MDWC Washington County Dave Weesner IACR Cedar Rapids James Durbin Dave Patton IADA Davenport Kelly McKay LALT Lacassine N.W.R.-Thornwell Steven W. Cardiff MASSACHUSETTS (MA) IADE Decorah Darwin Koenig Donna L. Dittmann MAAN Andover Lou Wagner IADL Dallas County Tom Lawson B. Mac Myers MAAT Athol David Small Bob Myers LANA Natchitoches Charles Lyon MABB Buzzards Bay Jeremiah Trimble IADM Des Moines Dennis Thompson LANO New Orleans David Muth Peter Trimble IADS DeSoto N.W.R. Jerry Toll LANS Northshore-Slidell Thomas Trenchard MACB Central Berkshire Thomas Collins IADU Dubuque Charlie Winterwood Mary Mehaffey MACC Cape Cod Blair Nikula

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 101 MACM Cobble Mountain Seth Kellogg MIMC Mecosta County Stephen Ross MNWI Winona Walt Carroll MACO Concord Henry Norwood MIMI Midland Eugene Beckham MNWK Walker Ben Wieland Peter Alden MIMN Manistique Helen Williamson MNWR Wild River Joe Sausen MAGB Greater Boston Robert Stymeist MIMO Monroe Jerome Jourdan MAGO Groton-Oxbow N.W.R. Julie Lisk MIMP Mount Pleasant Stan Lilley MISSISSIPPI (MS) Peter Alden MIMQ Marquette Melinda Stamp MSAL Arkabutla Lake Van Harris MAGR Greenfield Mark Fairbrother Greg Cleary MSCR Corinth Steve Icardi MAMA Marshfield Susan MacCallum MIMU Muskegon Feller DeWitt MSDG Dahomey-Great River Mark Bonta MAMC Mid-Cape Cod Peter Trimble MIMW Muskegon Wastewater Brian Johnson MSEL Eagle Lake Bruce Reid Jeremiah Trimble MINB New Buffalo Kip Miller MSGR Grenada Gene Knight MAMI Millis Elissa Landre MINI Niles Wendy Jones MSHA Hattiesburg John Smith MAMV Martha’s Vineyard Robert Culbert MIOD Oscoda Larry VanWagoner MSJA Jackson Mary Stevens Penny Uhlendorf Edward Cole MSJC Jackson County JoRee Pease MANA Nantucket Kenneth Blackshaw MIOV Olivet Michael Sanders MSLC Lauderdale County Nancy Donald Edith Ray MIPE Petoskey Ed Pike MSML Moon Lake (Lula) Dick Preston MANB Northern Berkshire Pamela Weatherbee MIPH Port Huron Janet Fox MSNA Natchez William McGehee MANE Newburyport Tom Young MIPO Pontiac Nancy E. Tar MSNO Noxubee N.W.R. Terence Schiefer MANF New Bedford Michael Boucher Scott Jennex MSSH Southern Hancock County Ned Boyajian MANO Northampton Mary Alice Wilson MIRC Rogers City William Grigg MSSI Sidon Philip Barbour Jan Ortiz MIRO Rockwood Thomas Carpenter MSSL Sardis Lake Gene Knight MAPL Plymouth Trevor Lloyd-Evans MISP Sturgeon Point Frank Apsey MSVI Vicksburg Daniel Twedt MAQB Quabbin Scott Surner MITC Traverse City Edward Moehle MSWC Washington County (south) Paul Hamel MAQU Quincy Glenn d’Entremont MITU Tuscola U.F.A. Jerry Hall MASN Stellwagen National Martin Blagdum MISSOURI (MO) Marine Sancutary Simon Perkins MITW Tawas Larry VanWagoner MOBO Big Oak Tree S.P. Bill Eddleman MASO Southern Berkshire Rene Laubach MIWA Waterloo State Recreation Area Don Henise MOBS Big Spring Bryan Culpepper MASP Springfield George Kingston Robyn Henise Kimberly Houf MAST Sturbridge Mark Lynch MIWM Western Macomb County Barbara Baldinger MOCC Clarence Cannon N.W.R. Bruce Schuette MATI Tuckernuck Islands Richard Veit Tom Heatley Eric Schuette MATM Taunton-Middleboro Jim Sweeney MIWP Whitefish Point Greg Cleary MOCF Confluence Randy Korotev MATR Truro Thomas Lipsky MOCO Columbia Jim Gast MAUX Uxbridge Strickland Wheelock MINNESOTA (MN) Susan Hazelwood MAWE Westminster Charles Caron MNAF Afton Joseph Merchak MOCP Cole Camp Prairies IBA Marge Lumpe MAWO Worcester John Liller David Tanner MODC Dallas County David Blevins MNAL Albert Lea Allen Batt MOGR Grand River Terry McNeely MICHIGAN (MI) MNAR Aurora Steven Falkowski MOHF Horton-Four Mark Robbins MIAA Ann Arbor Jacco Gelderloos MNAS Austin Terry Dorsey MOJC Jefferson City Julie Lundsted MIAB Anchor Bay Fred Charbonneau MNBA Baudette Martin Kehoe Barbara Brueggeman Richard Leasure MNBE Bemidji Kelly Larson MOJO Joplin Lawrence Herbert MIAG Allegan State Game Area John Brenneman MNBI Beltrami Island Martin Kehoe MOKC Kansas City Mike Stoakes MIAL Albion Tamara Crupi MNBL Bloomington Mark Ochs MOKN Knob Noster Vernon Elsberry MIAM Antrim-Old Mission Robert Cartens MNBT Battle Lake Steve Millard MOLC Laclede county Lester Pannell MIAP Alpena Linda Klemens Dan & Sandy Thimgan MOLI Liberal Lawrence Herbert Lynn Davidson MNCC Cedar Creek James Howitz MOMA Maryville David Easterla MIAT Au Train Scott Hickman MNCK Crookston Tom Feiro Randy Korotev MIBE Beulah John Ester MNCL Carlton-Cloquet Larry Weber MOMI Mingo N.W.R. Bill Eddleman MIBS Berrien Springs Kip Miller Eileen Schantz-Hansen MOML Montrose Lake Wildlife Area John Belshe MIBT Battle Creek John Brenneman MNCO Cottonwood Paul Egeland Rhonda Edmunds MIBY Bay City Jeanne Henderson MNCS Crosby Jo Blanich MOMS Maramec Spring Mike Doyen MICD Cadillac Area Chris Schumacher MICL Clinton Darrin O’Brien MNDU Duluth Jim Lind MOPB Poplar Bluff Bruce Beck MICN Carney Dale Leitzke MNEX Excelsior Howard Towle MOSC Squaw Creek N.W.R. Mark Robbins MICO Coloma Charles Nelson MNFA Faribault Gene Bauer MOSJ St. Joseph Larry Lade Mindy Walker MNFB Fredenberg Celeste Kawulok MOSL Lake N.W.R. Steve Kinder MIDE Detroit Timothy Nowicki MNFF Fergus Falls Steve Millard MOSP Springfield David Blevins MIDO Dowagiac John Brenneman Dan & Sandy Thimgan MOTC Taney County Charles Burwick MIDR Detroit River Jim Fowler MNGM Grand Marais Jeremy Ridlbauer MOTR Trimble Kristi Mayo MIEH Eagle Harbor Zach Gayk MNGR Grand Rapids Kenneth Zimmer MOWS Weldon Spring Anne McCormack MIEL East Lansing Thomas Wheeker MNHE Hastings-Etter Roger Field MIER Eaton Rapids Michael Sanders MNIS Isabella Steve Wilson MONTANA (MT) MIGC Genesee County Richard Naber MNIT Itasca S.P. Douglas Johnson MTBE Big Hole Katharine Stone MIGR Grand Rapids Steven Mueller MNLQ Lac qui Parle Paul Egeland MTBG Bigfork Daniel Casey MIGW Gwinn Brian Johnson MNMA Marshall Roger Schroeder MTBL Billings Mrs. Leon Hicks MIHA Hartland Richard Wolinski MNMC Northern Meeker County Milton Blomberg MTBW Bowdoin N.W.R. Dwain Prellwitz MIHB Hubbard Lake Linda Klemens MNMI Minneapolis (north) Siah St. Clair MTBZ Bozeman John Parker MIHC Houghton County Nancy Auer MNMK Mankato Merrill Frydendall MTCC Clark Canyon Dam Jack Kirkley MIHH Higgins Lake-Houghton Lake Michael Petrucha MNML Mountain Lake-Windom Edna Gerber MTCH Chester Dave Allen MIHL Hayward Lakes Joan Campbell Jon Harder MTEN Ennis Robin Wolcott MIHO Holland Robert Venner MNMO Morris Donna Oglesby MTEU Eureka Lewis Young MIHR Huron County Monica Essenmacher MNNM Northwest McLeod Roger Field MTFP Fort Peck Charles Carlson MIHU Hudsonville Frederick Bevis MNNW Northern Wright County Claudia Egelhoff MTGF Great Falls Richard Mousel MIIR Iron River David Tiller MNOW Owatonna Darryl Hill MTGK Grant-Kohrs Gary Swant Elizabeth Rogers MNPC Pine County Richard Peet MTGL Glacier N.P. Steve Gniadek MIKA Kalamazoo Russ Schipper MNPI Pillager Michael North Susan Sindt MIKB Keweenaw Bay Joe Kaplan MNRL Rice Lake N.W.R. Michelle McDowell MTHA Hamilton John Ormiston MILA Lake County Bonnie Stout MNRO Rochester Clifford Hansen MTHE Helena Cedron Jones MILB Little Bay de Noc Charles Lindquist MNRS Betty M. Johnson MTKA Kalispell Daniel Casey MILC Lapeer County Maureen Lemons MNRW Red Wing Laura Coble MTLE Lewistown Anne Tews MILE Les Cheneaux Chris Hall MNSC St. Cloud-Collegeville Brian Jungels Carla Dennison MILL Lake Leelanau Nate Crane MNSN St. Paul (northeast suburban) James Howitz MTLI Libby Sandra Gerber MILU Ludington David Dister MNSP St. Paul (north) Julian Sellers MTLR Little Dwain Prellwitz MIMA Manistee Brian Allen MNTH Two Harbors Jim Lind MTMC Miles City Jennifer Nagy Ken Crowell MNWB Wabasha Jonathan Peterson MTMI Missoula Larry Weeks

102 AMERICAN BIRDS MTMS McNeil Slough Dwain Prellwitz NJOC Oceanville Brian Moscatello NYHV Pawling (Hidden Valley) Carena Pooth MTMV Musselshell Valley Rose Emily Blum Edgar Bristow Angela Dimmitt MTNI Ninepipe N.W.R. Jim Rogers NJPI Pinelands Robert Confer NYIT Ithaca Kevin McGowan MTPC Park County Sally MacDonald NJPR Princeton Laurie Larson NYJA Jamestown William Seleen MTST Stevensville David Lockman Louis Beck NYJG Johnstown-Gloversville Pamela Hunt MTTF Three Forks Dennis Flath NJRA Ramsey John Brotherton NYLS Letchworth-Silver Lake Douglas Bassett MTTR Troy Donald Jones Patricia Brotherton NYMC Massena-Cornwall Bruce Di Labio MTUS Upper Swan Valley Jody Wolff Stiles Thomas NYMK L.I.: Montauk Hugh McGuinness MTWS Warm Springs Gary Swant NJRE Raritan Estuary Tom Ostrand Angus Wilson MTWY West Yellowstone John Heine NJSA Salem Jerry Haag NYML Mohonk Lake-Ashokan Reservoir Steve Chorvas Kirk Horn NJSH Sandy Hook Scott Barnes NYMT Monticello Daniel Niven MTYE Yellowstone N.P. Terry McEneaney NJSO Somerset County John Kee NYMZ Montezuma Carol -Cawley NJSU Sussex County Alan Boyd NYNN L.I.: Northern Nassau County Glenn Quinn NEBRASKA (NE) NJTM Trenton Marshes Mary Doscher NYNW New Woodstock-Southern Highlands Matthew Young NEBO Branched Oak-Seward Joseph Gubanyi Brad Merritt Judy Read NEBV Beaver Valley Don Noecker NJWC Warren County-Northampton County Jane Bullis NYOD Oneida Brenda Best NECL Calamus-Loup David Heidt NJWV Walnut Valley Dennis Briede NYOF Old Forge Gary Lee NECR Crawford Bruce Walgren NYOO Oak Orchard Swamp Celeste Morien Donna Walgren (NM) NYOR L.I.: Orient Mary Laura NELI Lincoln Linda R. Brown NMAE Angel Fire-Eagle Nest Agnes Gibson NYOS Oswego-Fulton Bill Purcell NELM Lake McConaughy Stephen J. Dinsmore NMAL Albuquerque Hart Schwarz Margaret Rusk NENO Norfolk Duane Wolff NMBD Bosque del Apache N.W.R. Dave Hawksworth NYOT Oneonta J. Robert Miller NENP North Platte T. J. Walker NMCA Caballo John Douglas NYOW Owego Rita Pantle NEOM Omaha Betty Grenon NMCC Carlsbad Caverns N.P. Steve West NYPC Putnam County Charles Roberto NEPP Ponca State Park Bill Huser NMCL Clayton Christopher Rustay NYPE Peekskill John Askildsen NESC Scottsbluff Alice Kenitz NMCM Cimarron Mary Jo Kelly Michael Newhouse NMCV Clovis Grant Beauprez NYPL Plattsburgh Judith Heintz NEVADA (NV) Dan Crook Melanie Mc Cormack NVAM Ash Meadows N.W.R. Carl Lundblad NMDI Dixon Robert Templeton NYQU L.I.: Queens Ian Resnick NVCC Carson City Greg Scyphers NMEL Eunice-Lea County Pat McCasland NYQW L.I.: Quogue-Watermill Steven Biasetti NVDG Desert Game Range Hermi Hiatt Linda McCasland NYRC Rockland County Alan Wells NVEL Elko Lois Ports NMES Espanola Bernard Foy Della Wells NVEY Ely Marian Lichtler NMFA Farmington Alan Nelson NYRH Rochester Robert Spahn Nancy Williams NMFP Five Points Nancy Cox NYRM Rome Bruce Carpenter NVFA Fallon Amy Leist Steven Cox NYSA Salem John Helft NVHE Henderson Je Anne Branca NMGR Gila River Roland Shook NYSB St. Bonaventure Regina VanScoy NVJA Jarbidge Karl Ruprecht NMLA Lakes Avalon-Brantley Tom Hines NYSH Sherburne Fred von Mechow NVMD Minden Jim Woods NMLC Las Cruces David Griffin NYSI Staten Island Edward Johnson NVMU Muddy River Bruce Lund NMLO Loving Craig C. Cranston NYSK Skaneateles John Cashier David Syzdek NMLR Ladder Ranch Bill West NYSL Saranac Lake Larry Master NVPL Pyramid Lake Dennis Serdehely NMLV Las Vegas Lea Knutson NYSM L.I.: Smithtown Richard Gostic NVRL Ruby Lake Jeff Mackay NMMA Maxwell N.W.R. Linda Mowbray NYSN L.I.: Southern Nassau County Patricia Lindsay NVSV Snake Valley Melissa Renfro NMOV Orilla Verde Robert Weber NYSO Scio Russell Allen NVTM Truckee Meadows David McNinch NMPM Peloncillo Mountains Alan Craig NYSR Southern Rensselaer County Philip Whitney NMQU Questa Robert Weber NYST Schenectady William Lee NEW HAMPSHIRE (NH) NMRO Roswell Jeffrey Sanchez NYSU Southern Orange County Herbert Stein NHBV Baker Valley Steve Rounds Susan Haseltine NYSY Syracuse Kevin McGann NHCF AMC Crawford Notch Craig Repasz NMRU Ruidoso Anita Powell NYTR Troy Lawrence Alden Lynn Moseley NMSC Silver City Rinda Metz NYWA Watertown David Prosser NHCN Concord Robert Quinn Karen Beckenbach NYWG Watkins Glen Jack Brubaker NHCS Coastal New Hampshire David Donsker NMSE Sevilleta N.W.R. Steven Cox NYWL Wilson-Lake Garner Light NHHN Hanover-Norwich Walter Ellison Nancy Cox Nancy Martin NMSF Santa Fe Deanna Einspahr NORTH CAROLINA (NC) NHKE Keene Lance Tanino NMSM Sandia Mountains Nick Vaughn NCAL Alamance County Harry Shoffner NHLD Lee-Durham Stephen Mirick NMZU Zuni John Trochet NCAR Alligator River N.W.R. Jeff Lewis NHLN Laconia-New Hampton Pamela Hunt NCBC Buncombe County Marilyn Westphal NHLS Lake Sunapee Gary Stansfield NEW YORK (NY) NCBP Bodie-Pea Island Paul Sykes NHLT Littleton David Govatski NYAC Albany County Alan Mapes NCBR Brevard Norma Siebenheller NHMA Manchester Kevin Reid Scott Stoner NCCB Central Beaufort County Kevin O’Kane NHNH Nashua-Hollis Richard Bielawski NYBI Binghamton Gail Kirch NCCC Cumberland County Brian Bockhahn NHPH Peterborough-Hancock Dave Rowell NYBL Bolton Landing Sarah Hoffman NCCH Cape Hatteras Patricia Moore NHPI Pittsburg David Govatski NYBM Beaver Paul Fehringer NCCP Chapel Hill Will Cook NHSA Sandwich Tony Vazzano NYBR L.I.: Brooklyn Rick Cech NCCR Charlotte Ken Kneidel NYBU Buffalo David A. Gordon NCCV Catawba Valley Dwayne Martin NEW (NJ) NYBW Bronx-Westchester Region Michael Bochnik NCDU Durham Michael Schultz NJBA Barnegat Tom Bailey NYCA L.I.: Captree Shai Mitra NCFL Falls Lake Brian Bockhahn NJBO Boonton Rick Radis NYCH Conesus-Hemlock-Honeoye Lakes Carolyn Barnhart NCGA Gastonia Steven Tracy NJBP Belleplain Paul Kosten NYCL Clinton Matthew Perry NCGM Grandfather Mountain Curtis Smalling NJCC Cumberland County Michael Fritz NYCM Chatham William Cook NCGR Greensboro Herb Hendrickson NJCM Cape May Louise Zemaitis NYCR Cortland Matthew Young Don Allen NJEL Elmer Jerry Haag Judy Read NCGV Greenville Dr. Veronica Pantelidis NJGS Great Swamp-Watchung Pete Axelrod NYCS L.I.: Central Suffolk County Eileen Schwinn Howard Vainright NJHR Hackensack-Ridgewood David Hall NYDC Dutchess County William Case NCHC Henderson County Wayne Forsythe NJLA Lakehurst Alex Tongas NYEL Elmira Bill Ostrander NCHR Hanging Rock S.P. Philip Dickinson NJLB Long Branch Patrick Belardo NYEO Eastern Orange County Robert Slechta Ron Morris NJLH Lower Hudson Susan Elbin NYEZ Elizabethtown Charlotte Demers NCIC Iredell County Sam Cathey Kirsten Klipp NYFP Fort Plain Bob Donnelly NCJL Jordan Lake Norman Budnitz NJMA Marmora Edgar Bristow NYFR Dunkirk-Fredonia Joanne Goetz NCKH Kitty Hawk Jeff Lewis NJMI Mizpah Tom Reed Paul Farver NCKL Kerr Lake Brian Bockhahn NJMO Moorestown Mark Pensiero NYGE Geneva Lisa Rouse NCLJ Camp Lejeune Chad Garber NJNG Northwestern Gloucester County Ronald Kegel NYHE Hamburg-East Aurora Thomas O’Donnell Lindsey Moss NJNH Northwestern Hunterdon County Peter Kwiatek NYHF Hudson Falls Linda White NCMA Mattamuskeet N.W.R. Allen Bryan

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 103 NCMC Morehead City John Fussell OHME Mentor Anders Fjeldstad ORPR Prineville Charles Gates NCMJ Mount Jefferson Aaron Floyd OHMG Mount Gilead Ed Kimmey ORRD Redmond Kimdel Owen NCNB New Bern Robert Holmes OHMI Millersburg Bruce Glick ORRS Roseburg-Sutherlin Ronald Maertz NCNR New River Harrol Blevins Dennis Kline ORSA Salem Glen Lindeman NCOI Ocracoke Island Peter Vankevich OHMO Mohican State Forest Roger Troutman ORSL Silverton Roger Freeman NCPC Pamlico County Liz Lathrop OHNL New Lexington Steven Thompson Matthew Schneider NCPD Pee Dee N.W.R. Don Fink OHOS O’Shaughnessy Reservoir Darlene Sillick ORSU Summer Lake Martin St. Louis NCPE Pettigrew S.P. Doug LeQuire OHOT Ottawa N.W.R. H. Thomas Bartlett ORTB Tillamook Bay Owen Schmidt NCPI Portsmouth Island Peter Vankevich OHOX Oxford Lawrence Sherman ORUC Union County Trent Bray NCRA Raleigh John Connors OHPC Paint Creek Area Stephen Wagner ORUM Umatilla County Aaron Skirvin NCRK Roanoke Rapids Fred Lobdell OHPL Plymouth Bradley Phillips ORUN Upper Nestucca Don Albright NCRM Rocky Mount Brian Bockhahn OHPO Portsmouth David Riepenhoff ORUT Utopia Pete Weigel NCRV Raven Rock S.P. Erik Thomas OHPR Preble County Daryl Michael ORWC Wallowa County Andie Lueders NCSB Southport-Bald Head-Oak Islands Melinda Jones OHQH Quail Hollow-Hartville Dawn Catalano ORYB Yaquina Bay Rebecca Cheek NCSL Southern Lake Norman Taylor Piephoff OHRA Ragersville Ed Schlabach NCSM Stone Mountain Guy McGrane Robert Schlabach PENNSYLVANIA (PA) NCSP Southern Pines Susan Campbell OHRU Rudolph Tom Kemp PAAU Audubon Edie Parnum NCWI Wilmington Samuel Cooper OHSA Salem Walt Sturgeon PABC Buffalo Creek Valley George Reese NCWS Winston-Salem John Haire OHTC Trumbull County Carole Babyak PABE Bald Eagle S.P. Robert Snyder OHTI Tiffin James Coffman PABF Bedford County Mike Jackson NORTH DAKOTA (ND) OHTO Toledo Matt Anderson PABH Bethlehem-Easton Elaine Mease NDAR Arrowwood N.W.R. Paulette Scherr OHWE Wellington Erik Bruder PABK Buffalo Creek Larry Helgerman NDBM Bismarck-Mandan Clark Talkington OHWH Western Hamilton County Ned Keller PABL Bloomsburg Cathy Haffner NDDB Denbigh Dan Svingen OHWI Wilmot Ben Morrison PABN Bernville Ed Barrell NDDL Des Lacs N.W.R. Dave Bolin OHWO Wooster Roger Troutman PABR Bushy Run S.P. Dick Byers NDFM Fargo-Moorhead Robert O’Connor OHYO Youngstown Gary Meiter PABU Butler County Suzanne Butcher NDGD Garrison Dam Ron Martin PABV Beaver Richard Mason NDGF Grand Forks-East Grand Forks David Lambeth OKLAHOMA (OK) PACB Central Bucks County Diane Allison NDHA Hazen Meghan Dinkins OKAN Arnett Eddie Stegall PACH Chambersburg Joan Bowen Judith Dinkins OKBB Broken Bow Reservoir Berlin Heck PACL Clarksville Terry Dayton NDIC Icelandic S.P. Mike Jacobs OKFG Fort Gibson Reservoir Jeri McMahon PACR Clarion Ruth Schurr NDJA Jamestown Lawrence Igl OKHR Hulah Reservoir Marta Harris Fran Williams NDJC J. Clark Salyer N.W.R. Gary Eslinger OKKE Kenton (Black ) Sebastian Patti PACU Culp Steven Bonta NDLL Long Lake N.W.R. Mike Rabenberg OKNO Norman Mark Howery PADA Dallas Area James Hoyson NDME Medora Valerie Naylor OKOC Oklahoma City John Shackford PADF Dingman’s Ferry Molly Check Nathan King OKRC Rogers County Richard Stuart PADU Dubois Marianne Atkinson OKSC Stephens County Roma Lenehan NDMI Minot Ron Martin Jocelynn Smrekar OKSE Sequoyah Chad Ford NDTE Tewaukon N.W.R. Kristine Askerooth PAEL Elverson Robert Cook OKSL Sooner Lake John Couch NDTR Theodore Roosevelt N.P. (north unit) Valerie Naylor PAEM Emporium Bob Martin OKSP Salt Plains N.W.R. Glenda Leslie NDUS Upper Souris N.W.R. Ron Martin PAER Erie Chuck Gehringer OKST Stillwater James Ownby NDVC Valley City Stacy Hoehn PAGE Gettysburg Michael OBrien OKSV Spavinaw Rolla Wagner PAGL Delaware County (Glenolden) David Eberly OKTI Tishomingo N.W.R. Charles Brown OHIO (OH) PAHM Hamburg Laurie Goodrich OKTP Tallgrass Prairie Preserve Don Wolfe OHAA Ashtabula Marc Hanneman Jack Holcomb OKTU Tulsa Jo Loyd OHAC Adams County Mark Zloba PAHR Harrisburg Deuane Hoffman OKWA Washita N.W.R. Amber Zimmerman OHAD Ashland Tim Leslie PAHU Huntingdon David Kyler OKWM Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge Michael Husak OHBC Beaver Creek Jim Kerr PAIN Indiana Margaret Higbee OHBF The Brown Family Environmental Center Earl Heithaus Roger Higbee (OR) OHBL Buckeye Lake Jeffrey L. White PAJO Johnstown Thomas Dick ORAI Airlie Paul Adamus OHBS Black Swamp Micki Dunakin Joel Geier PALA Lancaster Barbara Hunsberger OHBU Linda ORAN Antelope Pete Weigel PALB Southern Bucks County Robert Mercer OHBV Beaver Valley Tom Bain ORAT Antone Joel Geier PALC Lebanon County Frederick Heilman OHBY Bucyrus Warren Uxley David Schas PALG Lewisburg Allen Schweinsberg OHCA Cadiz Scott Pendleton ORBA Baker Joanne Britton PALH Lock Haven-Jersey Shore Wayne Laubscher OHCF Cuyahoga Falls Marie Morgan ORBC Baker County-Salisbury Joanne Britton PALN Linesville Thomas C. Nicolls Bill Osborne ORBE Bend Tom Crabtree PALR Lake Raystown Greg Grove Bert Szabo ORBR Brownsville Barbara Combs PALT Lewistown Chad Kauffman OHCH Chandlersville Scott Albaugh ORCB Coos Bay Tim Rodenkirk PALV Lehigh Valley Mark Boyd OHCI Cincinnati Jay Stenger ORCE Columbia Estuary Mike Patterson PALZ Lititz Bruce Carl OHCL Cleveland Jerry Talkington ORCO Corvallis Marcia F. Cutler PAMA Mansfield-Wellsboro Gary Tyson OHCO Columbus Robert Thorn ORCV Coquille Valley Alan Contreras PANB New Bloomfield Ramsay Koury OHCS Caesar Creek-Spring Valley James O’Boyle ORDA Dallas Roy Gerig PANL Northern Lycoming David Ferry OHDA Dayton Sue Tackett OREU Eugene Dick Lamster PANM Nescopeck Mountain Alan Gregory OHDR Delaware Reservoir Edward Burtt ORFG Forest Grove MaryAnne Sohlstrom PANV Newville Bill Franz OHEF East Fork Lake S.P. Joe Bens Greg Gillson PAPB Philipsburg Greg Kojadinovich OHEL Elyria-Lorain David Bragg ORFL Florence Roger Robb PAPI Pittsburgh James Valimont OHFI Firelands Carol Andres Kit Larsen PAPL Pleasantville Russ States OHFR Fremont John Sawvel ORGP Grants Pass Dennis Vroman PAPM Pocono Mountain Brian Hardiman OHGL Grand Lake-St. Marys Eric Juterbock ORHM Hart Mountain Marla Bennett PAPS Pittsburgh South Hills Nancy Page OHGR Grand Rapids-Waterville Tom Kemp ORHR Hood River Catherine J. Flick PAPV Pennypack Valley Peter Kurtz OHGV Greenville Bob Welch ORIV Illinois Valley Romain Cooper PARD Reading Ken Lebo OHGW Goll Woods Jon Diller ORJD John Day Thomas Winters PART Rector Leonard & Linda Hess OHHF Hamilton-Fairfield Mike Busam ORKF Klamath Falls Kevin Spencer PARY Ryerson Marjorie Howard OHHH Hocking Hills Jere Brunken ORLA Little Applegate Mac (Laurel) Sutherlin PASB Southeastern Bradford County Trudy Gerlach OHHR Hoover Reservoir Charles Bombaci ORME Medford Gwyneth Ragosine PASC State College James Dunn OHIL Indian Lake Eric Juterbock OROA Oakridge Joel Geier Bob Fowles OHKI Kingston Robert Sparks Cheron Ferland PASL Southern Lancaster County Robert Schutsky OHKP Killdeer Plains Wildlife Area Ed Lux Wanda Wilson PASR Scranton Paul Mundy OHLE Lake Erie Islands John Pogacnik ORPD Portland Wink Gross PASW Western Schuylkill County Dave Kruel OHLK Lakewood Nancy Howell ORPO Port Orford Jim Rogers PATH Thompson Stuart Slocum OHLN Lancaster David Goslin Don Munson PATU Tunkhannock Rick Koval OHMA Mansfield Steve McKee Carrie Rogers PAUB Upper Bucks County Bill Etter

104 AMERICAN BIRDS PAWC West Chester Barry Blust TNHI Hiwassee Kevin Calhoon TXLA Laguna Atascosa N.W.R. Stacy Sanchez PAWI Williamsport David Ferry TNHP Hickory-Priest Chris Sloan Jody Mays PAWL Wild Creek-Little Gap Joshua Nemeth TNJA Jackson Mark Greene TXLD Laredo Susan Foster PAWM White Mills Barbara Leo TNKI Kingsport William Grigsby TXLE Lake Meredith (east) Susan Thompson PAWN Western Chester County Larry Lewis TNKN Knoxville K. Dean Edwards TXLG Longview David Brotherton Rick Robinson TNME Memphis Margaret Jefferson TXLK Lake Tawakoni Richard Kinney PAWR Warren Michael Toole TNNA Nashville Jan Shaw TXLO Lake O’ the Pines David Brotherton PAWS Washington Thomas Contreras TNNL Nickajack Lake David Spicer TXLR Lake Ray Hubbard Jack Hill PAWY Wyncote Andy Fayer TNRL Reelfoot Lake Mark Greene Derek Hill PAYO York Bill DelGrande TNRM Roan Mountain Rick Knight TXLS La Sal Vieja Martin Hagne TNSA Savannah Damien Simbeck TXLU Lubbock County Anthony Hewetson RHODE ISLAND (RI) TNSV Shady Valley-Mountain City Robert Biller TXLV Lewisville Keith Lockhart RIBI Block Island Christopher Raithel TNWC Warren County Gregg Garrison TXLW Lake Meredith (west) Michael Ryan RINC Newport County-Westport Robert Emerson TNWH White County Douglas Downs TXMC Mckinney Roger Sanderson RINT Napatree, RI-CT-NY Shai Mitra TXMI Midland Donna Kelly RISK South Kingstown Scott Tsagarakis (TX) TXMM Matagorda County-Mad Island Marsh Brent Ortego TXAB Abilene Dan Symonds Marilyn Sitz (SC) TXAM Amarillo Thomas Johnson TXMN Mcnary Barry Zimmer SCAB Ace Basin David Chamberlain TXAP Attwater Prairie Chicken N.W.R. Sumita Prasad TXMU Muleshoe N.W.R. Anthony Hewetson SCAI Aiken Calvin Zippler TXAR Aransas N.W.R. Darrin Welchert TXMW Matador Wildlife Management Matthew Poole SCCA Charleston Paul Nolan TXAU Austin Laurie Foss TXNA Nacogdoches David Wolf Jennifer Tyrrell TXAY Armand Bayou Martha Hood Mimi Wolf SCCG Congaree Swamp John Grego Mark Kramer TXNB New Braunfels David Sarkozi SCCL Clemson J. Drew Lanham TXAZ Anzalduas-Bentsen Jennifer Owen-White TXOC Orange County Ken Sztraky SCCO Columbia Steve Dennis Mary Gustafson TXOR Old River Harry Elliott SCCS Carolina Sandhills N.W.R. Nancy Jordan TXBA Balmorhea Kelly Bryan TXPA Port Aransas Joan Holt SCFH Four Holes Swamp Jeff Mollenhauer Erik Breden Scott Holt Mark Musselman TXBB Bastrop-Buescher State Parks David Mitchell TXPM Palmetto S.P. Dwayne Rogers SCHH Hilton Head Island Nan Lloyd Joshua Mitchell TXPP Palo Pinto David Powell SCLC Long Cane Steve Patterson TXBC Balcones Canyonlands Laurie Foss TXPR Paris Nancee Salzman SCLO Lowcountry Ken Scott Shelia Hargis TXPS Palestine Ann Huffstetter SCLP Litchfield-Pawleys Island Chris Hill TXBE Beech Creek John Whittle TXQN Quanah Steve Welborn SCLS Lower Saluda Jason Giovannone David Roemer TXQU Quitaque Joel Reese SCLW Lake Wateree Donna Slyce TXBF Buffalo Bayou Adam Wood TXRL Robert Lee Rose Marie Stortz SCMC McClellanville Nathan Dias Michael Williams TXRO Rockport Robert Edwards SCNG North Greenville J. B. Hines TXBG Big Bend N.P. (east) Bryan TXSA Santa Ana N.W.R. Laura de la Garza TXSB San Bernard N.W.R. Ron Weeks SCPD Pee Dee Area David C. McLean Jr. TXBL Buffalo Lake N.W.R. Joseph Cepeda Jennifer Wilson SCPW Pinewood Lex Glover TXBN Burnet County Elizabeth Knebel TXSC Spring Creek Albert Barr SCRR Rocky River Steve Patterson TXBO Boerne Sue Wiedenfeld TXSG San Angelo Russell Wilke SCSC Sun City-Okatie Helen Chatterton TXBP Bolivar Peninsula William Graber TXSJ San Jacinto Wilderness David Henderson SCSN Santee N.W.R. Dennis Forsythe Karen McCormick TXSR Sea Rim S.P. John Whittle SCSP Spartanburg Lyle Campbell TXBR Brazoria Tom Taroni TXST San Antonio K. Sheridan Coffey SCSR Savannah River Site Mark Vukovich TXBS Big Spring Sammy Hunnicutt TXTC Turkey Creek John Whittle SCWB Winyah Bay Lex Glover TXBU Bell County Thomas Robbins David Roemer SCYR York-Rock Hill Bill Hilton Jr. TXBV Brownsville Katherine Miller TXTE Texarkana Don Kyle TXBZ Brazos Bend Bill Godley Jean Bratton SOUTH DAKOTA (SD) TXCA Caddo National Doug Wood Don Kendall SDBA Badlands N.P. Eddie Childers TXCC Corpus Christi Lawrence Jordan TXTN Trinity River Stuart Marcus SDBI Bison Meghan Dinkins TXCF Corpus Christi (Flour Bluff) Lawrence Jordan TXTT Tenaha-Timpson David Brotherton SDBR Brookings Nelda TXCK Choke Canyon Paul Sunby TXTY Tyler Peter Barnes SDHU Huron Bridgette Flanders-Wanner TXCM Chisos Mountains Bryan Hale TXUC Uvalde County Susan Cooper SDLA Lake Edward Rodriguez TXCO Comstock Sue Wiedenfeld TXVC Village Creek Drying Beds Jim Sipiora SDMA Madison Jeffrey Palmer TXCP Chaparral W.M.A. Dan Walker TXVI Victoria Bill Farnsworth SDPI Pierre Doug Backlund TXCR Crawford Eric Haskell TXWA Waco E. G. White-Swift SDPM Piedmont Addison Ball TXCS College Station Betty Vermeire TXWF Wichita Falls Debra McKee SDRC Rapid City Michael Melius TXCT Coastal Tip Leo Gustafson TXWK West Kerr County Bill Lindemann SDSF Sioux Falls Robert Schenck Chris Neri TXWP Westcave Preserve Dan Callaway SDSH Shadehill Dan Svingen TXCY Cypress Creek Fred Collins Ethel Kutac SDSL Sand Lake N.W.R. William Schultze TXDA Dallas County Gretchen & Jim Peterson TXWR White River Anthony Hewetson SDSP Spearfish Daniel Bjerke TXDM Davis Mountains Kelly Bryan TXWS Weslaco Martin Hagne SDST Sturgis Victor Fondy Erik Breden TXWW Welder Wildlife Refuge Terry Blankenship SDWA Waubay N.W.R. Laura Hubers TXDR Del Rio Karen Gleason SDYA Yankton Roger Dietrich TXEP El Paso Jim Paton (UT) TXFD Falcon Dam and S.P. Jim Hailey UTAI Antelope Island John Bellmon TENNESEE (TN) TXFR Freeport Michael Austin UTBC Bryce Canyon N.P. Sarah Haas TNBI Bristol Richard Lewis TXFW Fort Worth David Powell UTBF Bluff Luther Giddings TNBR Buffalo River Damien Simbeck TXGA Galveston Dwight Peake UTBL Bear Lake Dennis Austin Don Simbeck TXGC Gibbons Creek Darrell Vollert UTBR Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge John Bellmon TNCA Cades Cove, Great Smoky TXGF Guadalupe River Delta-McFaddin UTCC Cedar City Keith Day Mountains N.P. Susan Hoyle Family Ranches Brent Ortego Steve Hedges TNCC Cross Creeks N.W.R. Sarah Welker TXGM Guadalupe Mountains Fred Armstrong UTDJ Dinosaur N.M.-Jensen Kathy Paulin TNCH Chattanooga Kevin Calhoon Jeremy Markuson UTES Grand Staircase-Escalante N.M. Kathy Munthe TNCL Clarksville Deborah Hamilton TXGR Granger Scott Young UTFS Fish Springs N.W.R. Jay Banta TNCO Columbia Tommy Edwards TXGT Georgetown-Andice Edward Rozenburg UTHV Heber Valley Wendy Wilson TNCS Crossville Edmund LeGrand TXHA Hagerman N.W.R. Wayne Meyer UTJR Jordan River Jeanne LeBer TNCV Cookeville Stephen Stedman TXHG Harlingen Mark Conway UTKA Kanab Lisa Church TNCY Clay County Terry Campbell TXHO Houston David Sarkozi UTLO Logan Bryan Dixon TNDK DeKalb County Carol D. Williams TXHT Hueco Tanks Richard Hermosillo UTMG Morgan John Bellmon TNEL Elizabethton Rick Knight TXHU Huntsville Dan Jones Weston Smith TNFC Fayette County Kate Gooch TXKI Kingsville Glenn Perrigo UTMO Moab Marcy Hafner TNFR Franklin-Coffee County LouAnn Partington Thomas Langschied UTOG Ogden John Bellmon TNGS Great Smoky Mountains N.P. David Trently TXKV Kerrville Richard Redmond UTOR Ouray N.W.R. Diane Penttila

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 105 UTPA Payson Gary Austin WACT Camas Prairie-Trout Lake Stuart Johnston WIGR Grantsburg Dennis Allaman UTPR Provo Ned Hill WAEA East Lake Washington Hugh Jennings WIHL Holcombe Charles Kemper UTSG St. George Marilyn Davis WAED Edmonds Jan van Niel WIHW Hayward Cully Shelton Keith Davis WAEV Everett Scott Atkinson WILC La Crosse Dan Jackson UTSL Salt Lake City Pomera Fronce WAGC Grand Coulee David St. George WILG Lake Geneva Mariette Nowak UTSR Silver Reef Marilyn Davis WAGH Grays Harbor Dianna Moore WIMA Madison Aaron Stutz UTTR Torrey Jay Banta WAKA Kent-Auburn M. Freeland WIMD Medford Susanne Adams UTZI Zion N.P. Claire Crow WAKC Kitsap County Gene Bullock Lisa Brehm WALP Leadbetter Point Robert Sudar WIMI Milwaukee Andrea Szymczak VERMONT (VT) Alan Richards WIMO Monroe John Patterson VTBA Barnet Charlie Browne WALY Lyle Bob Hansen WINE Nelson Charles Kemper VTBR Brattleboro Alfred Merritt WAML Moses Lake Doug Schonewald WINR New Richmond Joseph Merchak VTBU Burlington Eric Lazarus WANC North Cascades Robert C. Kuntz II WIOW Owen Gayle Davis VTCS Champlain Islands-St. Albans Elizabeth Alton WAOH Oak Harbor Janet Hall WIPE Peshtigo Barbara Bereza Ken Copenhaver WAOO Omak-Okanogan Gordon Kent WIPO Poynette Mark Martin VTFE Ferrisburg Mike WAPA Port Angeles Barbara Blackie Sue Foote-Martin VTHI Hinesburg Paul Wieczoreck WAPB Padilla Bay Robert C. Kuntz II WIPP Pardeeville Paul Schwalbe VTIP Island Pond Jayson Benoit WAPO Pend Oreille John P. Stuart Glenna Schwalbe VTMA Mount Abraham Randy Durand WAPT Port Townsend Richard Johnson WIPY Palmyra Eric Howe VTMB Middlebury James Andrews Dan Waggoner WIRC Racine Eric Howe Kristine Andrews WASB Skagit Bay Hal Opperman WIRL Rhinelander Vanessa Haese-Lehman VTMR Mad River Valley Pat Folsom Lee Barnes Joel Flory VTPL Plainfield Chip Darmstadt WASD Sequim-Dungeness Bob Boekelheide WISH Sheboygan June Platz VTRD Randolph Richard Enser WASE Seattle Eugene Hunn WISL Summit Lake Joel Flory VTRU Rutland Roy Pilcher WASI Anacortes-Sidney Joe Meche WISN Spencer Ken Luepke VTSP Springfield Hugh Putnam WASJ San Juan Islands Archipelago Barbara Jensen Connie Decker VTSR Saxton’s River Donald Clark WASP Spokane Alan McCoy WISP Stevens Point Nancy Stevenson VTWI Winhall Ruth Stewart WATA Tacoma Faye McAdams Hands WISS South Shore Barbara Moldenhauser VTWO Woodstock Sarah Laughlin WATC Tri-Cities Dana Ward WIWA Washington Island Ursula Petersen WATO Toppenish N.W.R. Andy Stepniewski WIWI Willard Ken Luepke VIRGINIA (VA) WATW Twisp Ken Bevis Connie Decker VAAC Augusta County Allen Larner WAVA Vashon Sue Trevathan WIWK Waukesha Cathy Heyen VABB Back Bay N.W.R. Paul Sykes WAWE Wenatchee Daniel Stephens WIWT Wautoma Chip Hutler VABD Blackford Robert Riggs WAWK Wahkiakum Andrew Emlen VABH Buchanan Tom Hunter WAYV Yakima Valley Denny Granstrand (WY) VABK Brooke Odette James WYAC Albany County Deb Paulson VABL Blacksburg Patricia Polentz WASHINGTON, DC (DC) WYBH Bates Hole Charles Scott Bruce Grimes DCDC Washington Larry Cartwright WYBU Buffalo Deane Bjerke VABR Banister River W.M.A. Jeffrey C. Blalock WYCA Casper Christian Michelson VACA Charlottesville Jennifer Gaden WEST VIRGINIA (WV) WYCH Cheyenne Greg Johnson VACC Cape Charles Henry Armistead WVCA Canaan Ken Sturm WYCO Cody Joyce Cicco VACH Chancellorsville Beverly Smith WVCH Charleston Marilyn Morton WYCR Crowheart Susan Hill VACI N.W.R. Richard Roberts WVCT Charles Town Bob Dean Dolores Haslam VACL Central Loudon Joseph Coleman WVEL Elkins Area Rob Tallman Evelyn Wilkinson VACN Calmes Neck Margaret Wester WVHC Hampshire County Vini Schoene WYDU Dubois Anna Moscicki VADA Danville Laura Meder WVHU Huntington Wendell Argabrite WYEV Evanston Tim Gorman VAFB Fort Belvoir Kurt Gaskill WVIN Inwood Bob Dean WYGF Guernsey-Fort Larramie Jane Dorn VAFI Fincastle Barry Kinzie WVLE Lewisburg Benjamin Handley WYGI Gillette Mark Winland Eunice Hudgins WVMC McDowell County Allen Waldron WYGR Green River Rick Steenberg VAGO Gordonsville Donald Ober WVMF Moorefield Jane Whitaker WYJH Jackson Hole Susan Marsh VAGS Glade Spring Ronald Harrington Rob Tallman WYKA Kane Suzanne Morstad VALA Lake Anna Michael Boatwright WVMO Morgantown LeJay Graffious WYLA Lander Delbert Nelson VALC Little Creek Paul Sykes WVOH Oak Hill Lloyd Lewis WYPD Pinedale Betty Boehm VALE Lexington Dick Rowe WVON Ona Wendell Argabrite WYRT Riverton Wanda Major VALY Lynchburg Rexanne Bruno WVPA Pipestem Area Jim Phillips WYSB Story-Big Horn Jean Daly VAMA Mathews John Bazuin Jr. WVPC Pendleton County Fred Atwood Roger A. Appell VAMB Manassas-Bull Run Robert Shipman WVPH Pocahontas County Rob Tallman WYSD Sundance Jennifer Adams VAMW Mount Rogers-White Top Mountain Allen Boynton WVPK Parkersburg Jeanette WYSH Sheridan Helen Moriarty VANN Newport News Clark White WVRC Raleigh County Allen Waldron VANO Nokesville Kim Hosen WVWH Wheeling Greg Park VANR Nansemond River Robert Ake VANS Northern Shenandoah Valley Rob Simpson WISCONSIN (WI) Charles Turner WIAM Amherst Joe Passineau Calling VANW Nassawadox Henry Armistead Susan A. Anderson VARC Rockingham County William “Bill” Benish WIAS Ashland Dick Verch All Counters!y VASL Shenandoah N.P.-Luray Alan Williams WIBL Beloit Brad Paulson VATA Tazewell Sarah Cromer WIBR Bridgeport Dennis Kirschbaum We’re always looking for images to VAWA Walkerton Frederick Atwood WIBV Blanchardville David Willard VAWB Washington’s Birthplace William Portlock WICA Cable Cully Shelton use in American Birds, such as VAWC Wise County Randy Stanley WICF Chippewa Falls Charles Kemper VAWI Williamsburg Bill Williams WICL Clam Lake Keith Merkel photographs of birds seen during the VAWP Wachapreague Irvin Ailes WICV Cassville David M. Sikorski Christmas Bird Count or participants in VAWR Warren Allen Hale Amy Sikorski VAWY Waynesboro Crista Cabe WIDU Durand Charles Kemper the field. If you would like your pictures WIDY Dyckesville Ed Houston WASHINGTON (WA) WIFI Fifield Thomas Nicholls considered for publication, please go to WABG Bellingham Joe Meche Kathy Kascewicz WABR Bridgeport Michael Schroeder Marty Kascewicz the CBC page on the Audubon website, WACC Cowlitz-Columbia Bob Reistroffer WIFS Friendship Paul Hunter www.christmasbirdcount.org, and click WACE Cle Elum Michael Hobbs Jym Mooney WACK -Klickitat Valley Stuart Johnston WIGB Green Bay John Jacobs on the link for online photo submittal. WACL Chelan Steve Easley WIGI Gilman Ken Luepke WACO Colville Barbara Harding Connie Decker

106 AMERICAN BIRDS Summary of Highest Counts of Individuals for Richard J. Cannings 705 Sunglo Drive, Penticton, BC, V2A 8X7; [email protected]

Canadian counts reported 279 species Pictou Harbour), Mallard 19,224 (BC, White Rock), W. Grebe 442 (BC, on the 110th Christmas Bird Count, Ladner), Blue-winged Teal 2 (BC, Vernon), N. Gannet 71 (NS, Brier down 4 from last year. Two species Oliver-Osoyoos), N. Shoveler 195 (BC, Island), Brandt’s Cormorant 1672 (BC, (boldfaced below) were added to the Ladner), N. Pintail 11,232 (BC, Ladner), Victoria), Double-crested Cormorant cumulative list: a Jack Snipe seen at Green-winged Teal 3924 (BC, Ladner), 846 (BC, Sooke), Great Cormorant 127 Greater Masset, BC, and a Rustic Eur. Green-winged Teal 7 (NL, St. (NS, Brier Island), Pelagic Cormorant Bunting at Creighton, SK. The John’s), Canvasback 2020 (ON, Holiday 406 (BC, Sidney-South Saltspring), Am. Canadian list now stands at 420. British Beach), Redhead 3025 (ON, Kingston), Bittern 7 (BC, Ladner), Great Blue Columbia led the way as usual with 154 Ring-necked Duck 506 (BC, Port Heron (blue form) 258 (BC, Ladner), high counts, followed by Ontario with Alberni), Tufted Duck 34 (NL, St. Green Heron 2 (BC, Pitt Meadows), 79, and Nova Scotia with 35. Ladner, John’s), Lesser Scaup 915 (BC, Duncan), Black-crowned Night-Heron 6 (BC, BC, had the highest number for a single King Eider 5 (NL, Cape Race), Com. Ladner), Turkey Vulture 17 (BC, count with 33, followed by Victoria, BC Eider 4865 (NL, Cape Race), Harlequin Sooke), Bald Eagle 692 (BC, Ladner), (30), St. John’s, NL (10), and Blenheim, Duck 399 (BC, Deep Bay), Surf Scoter N. Harrier 146 (BC, Ladner), Sharp- ON (10). Twenty-six of the high counts 4813 (BC, Vancouver), White-winged shinned Hawk 20 (ON, London), are all-time Canadian highs (numbers Scoter 1919 (BC, Comox), Black Scoter Cooper’s Hawk 50 (BC, Victoria), N. boldfaced below). Perhaps the record 323 (NS, Louisbourg), Long-tailed Goshawk 6 (AB, Edmonton), Red- that fell the hardest is that for Yellow- Duck 12,856 (ON, Prince Edward shouldered Hawk 6 (ON, Cedar Creek), billed Loon; the previous record was 16, Point), Bufflehead 2098 (BC, Victoria), Broad-winged Hawk 1 (NS, Strait of set in Hecate Strait four years ago. The Com. Goldeneye 5792 (ON, Hamilton), Canso and Lunenburg), Red-tailed 42 seen in Hecate Strait this year is a Barrow’s Goldeneye 1838 (BC, Lower Hawk 201 (ON, Fisherville), Harlan’s new all-time high for . Howe Sound), Hooded Merganser 544 Hawk 1 (BC, Bridesville), Rough-legged Species in italics indicate those totals (58 (BC, Victoria), Com. Merganser 3133 Hawk 60 (ON, Linwood), species) that are highs for North America (ON, Thousand Islands), Red-breasted 10 (BC, Vaseux Lake), Am. Kestrel 30 as well as Canada. Two high counts were Merganser 9238 (ON, Point Pelee), (ON, St. Catharines), Merlin 20 (BC, flagged as having no details; these are Ruddy Duck 606 (BC, Duncan). Victoria), Gyrfalcon 4 (BC, Ladner), labeled ND in the list below. Neither Chukar 98 (BC, Oliver-Osoyoos), Peregrine Falcon 29 (BC, Ladner), Prairie involved new high records for Canada. Gray Partridge 390 (SK, Morse), Ring- Falcon 8 (AB, Nanton). Exotic species and hybrids are not necked Pheasant 244 (NS, Wolfville), Virginia Rail 5 (BC, Ladner), Sora 1 included in this list. Ruffed Grouse 35 (BC, Fort St. James), (BC, Victoria), Com. Moorhen 1 (QC, Greater White-fronted Goose 50 (BC, Spruce Grouse 12 (YT, Marsh Lake-Yukon Sorel-Tracy), Am. Coot 1183 (BC, Sooke), Snow Goose 7580 (BC, Ladner), River), Willow Ptarmigan 204 (NT, Penticton), Sandhill Crane 239 (ON, Snow Goose (blue form) 3 (ON, St. Yellowknife), White-tailed Ptarmigan 3 Long Point), Black-bellied Plover 1808 Clair N.W.A.), Ross’s Goose 1 (ON, (BC, Whistler), Dusky Grouse 3 (BC, (BC, Ladner), Killdeer 80 (BC, Ladner), Belleville), Brant 414 (BC, Ladner), Penticton), Sharp-tailed Grouse 173 Black Oystercatcher 268 (BC, Skidegate Barnacle Goose 1 (QC, Longueuil), (MB, Lyleton), 525 (ON, Inlet), Spotted Sandpiper 3 (BC, Cackling Goose 1874 (BC, Abbotsford- London), California Quail 3005 (BC, Victoria), Greater Yellowlegs 56 (BC, Mission), Canada Goose 12,987 (ON, Penticton), N. Bobwhite 1 (ON, Ladner), Willet 1 (BC, Ladner), Pickering), 445 (ON, Pembroke, ND), Red-throated Loon 52 Whimbrel 1 (BC, Deep Bay), Long- Presqu’ile P.P.), 1767 (BC, White Rock), Pacific Loon 1760 billed Curlew 1 (BC, White Rock), (BC, Duncan), Swan 3622 (ON, (BC, Campbell River), Com. Loon 148 Marbled Godwit 6 (BC, White Rock), North Shore), Wood Duck 516 (BC, (BC, Comox), Yellow-billed Loon 43 Ruddy Turnstone 17 (BC, Lasqueti Chilliwack), Gadwall 269 (ON, (BC, Hecate Strait), Pied-billed Grebe Island), Black Turnstone 478 (BC, Kingston), Eurasian Wigeon 90 (BC, 26 (BC, Victoria), Horned Grebe 562 ), Surfbird 141 (BC, Ladner), Am. Wigeon 25,054 (BC, (BC, White Rock), Red-necked Grebe Nanaimo), Sanderling 240 (BC, Rose Ladner), Am. Black Duck 2280 (NS, 112 (BC, Comox), Eared Grebe 5 (BC, Spit), W. Sandpiper 10 (BC, Ladner),

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 107 Least Sandpiper 5 (BC, Powell River), 8 (ON, Kingston), N. Hawk (AB, Edmonton), White-breasted Purple Sandpiper 179 (NL, Cape Race), Owl 8 (AB, Slave Lake), N. Pygmy-Owl Nuthatch 476 (MB, Winnipeg), Pygmy Rock Sandpiper 6 (BC, Sunshine 7 (BC, Lillooet), Barred Owl 14 (ON, Nuthatch 242 (BC, Kelowna), Brown Coast), Dunlin 32,477 (BC, Ladner), Presqu’ile P.P.), Great Gray Owl 3 (ON, Creeper 124 (BC, Victoria), Rock Wren Long-billed Dowitcher 46 (BC, Hearst), Long-eared Owl 10 (ON, Peel- 1 (BC, Oliver-Osoyoos), Canyon Wren Ladner), Jack Snipe 1 (BC, Greater Halton Counties), Short-eared Owl 15 16 (BC, Oliver-Osoyoos), Carolina Masset), Wilson’s Snipe 14 (BC, Victoria), (BC, Ladner), Boreal Owl 1 (ON, Amherst Wren 52 (ON, Hamilton), Bewick’s Wren Am. Woodcock 4 (ON, Long Point), Red Island; AB, Snake’s Head; NS, Halifax- 269 (BC, Victoria), House Wren 1 (ON, Phalarope 2 (BC, Rose Spit), Little Gull Dartmouth; ON, Hearst), N. Saw-whet Blenheim), Winter Wren 327 (BC, 3 (ON, Niagara Falls), Black-headed Owl 6 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth), Anna’s Victoria), Marsh Wren 42 (BC, Ladner), Gull 44 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth), Hummingbird 556 (BC, Victoria), Am. Dipper 65 (BC, Lillooet), Golden- Bonaparte’s Gull 8304 (ON, Niagara Rufous Hummingbird 1 (BC, Nanaimo, crowned Kinglet 1290 (BC, Victoria), Falls), Mew Gull 2232 (BC, Parksville- Skidegate Inlet, and Victoria), Belted Ruby-crowned Kinglet 165 (BC, Victoria). Qualicum Beach), Ring-billed Gull Kingfisher 31 (BC, Pender Islands), Lewis’s E. Bluebird 74 (ON, St. Thomas), W. 4550 (ON, Point Pelee), California Gull Woodpecker 1 (BC, Penticton), Red- Bluebird 81 (BC, Penticton), Mountain 321 (BC, Kelowna), Herring Gull 6218 headed Woodpecker 4 (ON, Blenheim), Bluebird 1 (BC, Oliver-Osoyoos), (NL, St. John’s), Thayer’s Gull 1510 (BC, Red-bellied Woodpecker 81 (ON, St. Townsend’s Solitaire 69 (BC, Lillooet), Powell River), Gull 3004 (NL, Thomas), Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 3 Hermit Thrush 44 (ON, Point Pelee), Corner Brook), Kumlien’s Gull 3611 (ON, London), Red-breasted Sapsucker Am. Robin 6185 (BC, Victoria), Varied (NL, St. John’s), Lesser Black-backed 12 (BC, Nanaimo), Downy Woodpecker Thrush 349 (BC, Nanaimo), Gray Gull 16 (NL, St. John’s), W. Gull 40 352 (AB, Edmonton), Hairy Woodpecker Catbird 4 (ON, Point Pelee), N. (BC, Ladner), Glaucous-winged Gull 123 (ON, Toronto), Am. Three-toed Mockingbird 58 (ON, St. Catharines), 40,594 (BC, Ladner), 484 Woodpecker 14 (AB, Sheep River), Brown Thrasher 1 (MB, Winnipeg; NS, (NL, St. John’s), Great Black-backed Gull Black-backed Woodpecker 4 (NS, Sheet Pictou Harbour; ON, Blenheim, Dryden, 4046 (NL, St. John’s), Black-legged Harbour), N. (Red-shafted) Flicker 599 Dunrobin-Breckenridge, Holiday Beach, Kittiwake 630 (NB, Grand Manan (BC, Victoria), N. (Yellow-shafted) Lanark Highlands, Oshawa, Point Pelee, Island), Pomarine Jaeger 1 (NS, Brier Flicker 42 (NL, St. John’s), Pileated and Sault Ste. Marie), Eur. Starling Island), Dovekie 11 (NS, Louisbourg), Woodpecker 52 (AB, Edmonton). 33,470 (ON, Niagara Falls), Am. Pipit Com. Murre 2369 (BC, Rose Spit), Say’s Phoebe 1 (BC, Oliver-Osoyoos 89 (BC, Victoria), Bohemian Waxwing Thick-billed Murre 6 (NL, Cape Race), and Creston Valley), N. Shrike 14 (BC, 15,247 (AB, Calgary), Cedar Waxwing Razorbill 25 (NB, Grand Manan Ladner), ’s Vireo 8 (BC, 443 (ON, Hamilton), Orange-crowned Island), Black Guillemot 120 (NS, Vancouver), Gray Jay 89 (AB, Cochrane Warbler 3 (NS, Cape Sable Island), Louisbourg), Pigeon Guillemot 192 Wildlife Reserve), Steller’s Jay 299 (BC, Yellow-rumped (Audubon’s) Warbler 13 (BC, Victoria), Marbled Murrelet 92 Chilliwack), Blue Jay 1470 (NS, (BC, Penticton), Yellow-rumped (Myrtle) (BC, Sunshine Coast), Ancient Murrelet Wolfville), W. Scrub-Jay 1 (BC, Pitt Warbler 105 (NS, Cape Sable Island), 1424 (BC, Little River-Powell River Meadows and Sunshine Coast), Clark’s Townsend’s Warbler 5 (BC, Sooke), Pine Ferry), Cassin’s Auklet 2 (BC, Hecate 103 (BC, Princeton), Black- Warbler 4 (NS, Pictou Harbour), Palm Strait), Rhinoceros Auklet 10 (BC, billed 2144 (AB, Edmonton), Warbler 1 (NS, Cape Sable Island), N. Prince Rupert), Atlantic Puffin 1 (NL, Am. Crow 75,650 (ON, St. Clair Waterthrush 1 (ON, Blenheim), Com. Cape Race and St. John’s). N.W.A.), Northwestern Crow 35,365 Yellowthroat 2 (ON, Blenheim and Rock Pigeon 5579 (ON, Toronto), (BC, Vancouver), Com. Raven 2091 Long Point), Yellow-breasted Chat 4 Band-tailed Pigeon 25 (BC, Pender (NT, Yellowknife), Sky Lark 8 (BC, (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth). Islands), Eur. Collared-Dove 116 (SK, Victoria), Horned Lark 1104 (ON, Summer Tanager 1 (QC, Lennoxville), Swift Current), White-winged Dove 2 Blenheim), Black-capped Chickadee Green-tailed Towhee 1 (AB, Jasper), (NS, Cape Sable Island), Mourning 4683 (AB, Edmonton), Mountain Spotted Towhee 1099 (BC, Victoria), E. Dove 2180 (ON, Hamilton), Barn Owl Chickadee 371 (BC, Bridesville), Towhee 3 (ON, Cedar Creek), Am. Tree 17 (BC, Ladner), W. Screech-Owl 1 Chestnut-backed Chickadee 1938 (BC, Sparrow 841 (ON, Cambridge), (BC, Apex-Hedley, Comox, Cortes Victoria), Boreal Chickadee 147 (AB, Chipping Sparrow 18 (NS, Yarmouth), Island, Duncan, and Oliver-Osoyoos), Snake’s Head), Tufted Titmouse 29 (ON, Clay-colored Sparrow 1 (NL, St. John’s; E. Screech-Owl 72 (ON, West Elgin), Wallaceburg), Bushtit 1322 (BC, NS, White Point), Field Sparrow 24 Great Horned Owl 57 (ON, Blenheim), Victoria), Red-breasted Nuthatch 835 (ON, Port Burwell-Vienna), Savannah

108 AMERICAN BIRDS Sparrow 71 (BC, Ladner), Savannah Long Point, Presqu’ile P.P., Kingston, (Ipswich) Sparrow 1 (NS, Broad Cove Sutton (ND), Antigonish, and Glace and Halifax-Dartmouth), Grasshopper Bay), W. Meadowlark 189 (BC, Sparrow 1 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth), Ladner), Yellow-headed Blackbird 1 Fox Sparrow 667 (BC, Victoria), (Red) (BC, Abbotsford-Mission and Kelowna), Fox Sparrow 1 (ON, Marathon), Song Rusty Blackbird 81 (ON, Blenheim), Sparrow 1273 (BC, Vancouver), Brewer’s Blackbird 975 (BC, Ladner), Lincoln’s Sparrow 85 (BC, Victoria), Com. Grackle 828 (ON, West Elgin), Canada’s introduced Mute Swan Swamp Sparrow 90 (ON, Blenheim), Brown-headed Cowbird 4150 (ON, population continues to thrive on parts of White-throated Sparrow 122 (NS, Blenheim), Baltimore Oriole 7 (NS, the Great Lakes and on the BC coast; this year the Presqu’ile P.P., ON, count Wolfville), Harris’s Sparrow 4 (AB, Halifax-Dartmouth), Gray-crowned set a new Canadian high of 445. Calgary), White-crowned Sparrow 527 Rosy-Finch 230 (BC, Oliver-Osoyoos), Photo/Ralph Hocken (BC, Ladner), Golden-crowned Sparrow Pine Grosbeak 425 (ON, Dryden), 1306 (BC, Victoria), Dark-eyed Purple Finch 227 (BC, Galiano-North (Oregon) Junco 5375 (BC, Victoria), Saltspring), Cassin’s Finch 35 (BC, Dark-eyed (Slate-colored) Junco 1328 Ashcroft-Cache Creek), House Finch (ON, Port Hope-Cobourg), Lapland 1578 (BC, Penticton), Red Crossbill Longspur 60 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth), 1600 (BC, Victoria), White-winged Rustic Bunting 1 (SK, Creighton), Crossbill 351 (AB, Calgary), Com. Snow Bunting 5926 (ON, Ingersoll), N. Redpoll 1167 (BC, Bridesville), Hoary Cardinal 747 (ON, London), Rose- Redpoll 62 (NT, Fort Simpson), Pine The Hecate Strait, BC, count—the ferry breasted Grosbeak 1 (ON, Presqu’ile Siskin 2715 (BC, Victoria), Am. trip from Prince Rupert to — smashed the 35-year-old all-time North P.P.), Dickcissel 1 (NL, Ferryland; NS, Goldfinch 1543 (NS, Wolfville), American high for Yellow-billed Loons The Sydneys and Halifax-Dartmouth). Evening Grosbeak 525 (ON, Nipigon- with a remarkable total of 43 seen, Red-winged Blackbird 10,278 (ON, Red Rock), House Sparrow 6533 (MB, eclipsing the previous high of 32 seen at Long Point), E. Meadowlark 1 (ON, Winnipeg). Cordova, AK. Photo/Ralph Hocken

Colombia: An Andean CBC Experience continued from page 24

ornithologists and ornithological associa- being analyzed to examine changes in the value of this significant effort in citizen tions. It is also due to an active campaign regional avifauna, and helped enable the science will only be realized if it is - by the RNOA and to the laborious work creation of the Field Guide to the Birds of tained and becomes a tradition in the of the SCO in compiling and reporting the Sabana de . country. With so many environmental the results of Colombia’s counts to The growing interest in the CBC also alterations likely due to global climate Audubon. represents a challenge for the Colombian change, the value of historical records for This significant increase in the number ornithological community. Effort should the most bird-rich country in the world is of CBCs in Colombia represents an enor- not only be maintained, but improved enormous. The Colombian ornithologi- mous educational and research potential annually. The RNOA must continue its cal community must meet this challenge. for bird conservation. Several associations campaign promoting the involvement of As the Colombian coordinating asso- have reported that census results are valu- observers and ornithological associations, ciation for the CBC, the SCO would able to document birdlife in biologically and provide them with all necessary like to thank Geoff LeBaron for his sup- important areas such as national parks information. There is a need to involve port, his encouragement, and his help in and nature reserves. Other associations more participants and to ensure the same reporting the results during the last three have used the CBC as an educational areas are counted yearly even as new cir- years. The authors would also like to activity to promote interest in birds and cles are added. Coverage should be acknowledge the contributions made by conservation, while some associations improved in existing circles, especially Ute Teske who was in charge of coordi- have used CBC results to monitor tem- those with few nearby counts. Also, it is nating activities, to Andrés López who poral changes in their local avifauna. imperative that the CBC coordinating verified geographic coordinates and pro- Outstandingly, the coordinators of the association compiles and reports results to duced circle distribution maps, to Tere Sabana de Bogotá circle have accumulat- Audubon every year in a timely manner. Jaramillo as the logistic coordinator in ed more than two decades of information This season, the number of counts in our region, and to all the individuals and on the avifauna in the high-altitude Colombia was more than three times that associations that actively participate in plateau around Bogotá. CBC data are of the rest of . But the the CBC in Colombia.

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 109 Summary of Highest Counts of Individuals for the United States Brent Ortego 2805 North Navarro, Suite 600B, Victoria, TX 77901; [email protected]

Birders reported 654 species and 42 Texas regained its normal second place Muscovy Duck 415 (FL, Naples), infraspecific forms during the 110th with 109 species and three forms. Wood Duck 460 (NC, Pee Dee Christmas Bird Count. The Bare- Florida had high tallies for 80 species N.W.R.), Mandarin Duck 6 ex (CA, throated Tiger-Heron created great and two forms; Hawaii 68 species and Sonoma Valley), Gadwall 15,981 (CA, excitement in the Lower Rio Grande two forms; Arizona 64 species and four Peace Valley), Eur. Wigeon 35 (CA, Valley during the fall as the first North forms; Alaska 31 species; Louisiana 21 Peace Valley), Am. Wigeon 64,769 (CA, American record, and the species lin- species; Massachusetts 17 species and Peace Valley), Am. Black Duck 7999 gered for the Anzalduas-Bentsen (TX) one form; Washington 14 species and (NJ, Oceanville), Mallard 84,720 (MO, CBC. Birders continue to show their one form; and Oregon 13 species with Horton-Four Rivers), Mallard (Mexican abilities to find single individuals of two forms. Duck) 67 (TX, El Paso), Mottled Duck species lurking in their favorite birding Only counts for resident species, 536 (SC, Ace Basin), Hawaiian Duck areas. This season 55 species/forms were infraspecific forms, and exotics that do 288 (HI, Kaua’i: Kapa’a), Laysan Duck represented by one bird, and 24 percent not have editorial comments question- 367 (HI, Laysan Island), Blue-winged of the species by 10 or fewer. ing the validity of the results were Teal 2200 (FL, STA5-Clewiston), All-time highs were reported for 36 accepted for this report. High counts for Cinnamon Teal 1583 (CA, Sacramento), species/infraspecific forms, which is lower exotics without know established popu- N. Shoveler 47,532 (CA, Peace Valley), than normal. Most high counts were for lations will be displayed but will not be N. Pintail 52,095 (CA, Marysville), relatively recent records. There were only added to results for the CBC or state. If Green-winged (Am.) Teal 31,958 (NC, three new records that surpassed records I make a mistake, please let me know Mattamuskeet N.W.R.), Green-winged of at least 15 years. The oldest record to and I will include corrections next year (Eur.) Teal 2 (WA, Everett). crash stood for 41 years before the higher at the end of the column. Canvasback 66,500 (MI, Anchor Bay), tally of 959 Acorn Woodpeckers was Black-bellied Whistling-Duck 5055 Redhead 37,813 (TX, Port Aransas), reported at Santa Barbara, CA. The new (TX, Weslaco), Fulvous Whistling-Duck Ring-necked Duck 29,066 (LA, record for Nuttall’s Woodpecker at Putah 2100 (FL, STA5-Clewiston), Egyptian Catahoula N.W.R.), Tufted Duck 1 Creek, CA, had stood for 15 years. Goose 21 ex (FL, Fort Lauderdale), (AK, Unalaska Island; CA, Oakland and Houston’s (TX) new record for Laughing Swan Goose 8 ex (FL, Kendall Area), Point Reyes Pen.), Greater Scaup 20,095 Gulls more than doubled the previous Pink-footed Goose CW (NY, L.I.: (NY, L.I.: N. Nassau Co.), Lesser Scaup record 15 years earlier. Smithtown; PA, Lehigh Valley), Greater 22,784 (LA, New Orleans), Steller’s At least one national high was White-fronted Goose 49,926 (KS, Eider 1043 (AK, Narrow Cape-Kalsin obtained by 42 states and 308 CBCs. Quivira N.W.R.), Greylag Goose 6 ex Bay), King Eider 42 (AK, Narrow Cape- Atascosa Highlands, AZ, led the nation (FL, Sarasota), Emperor Goose 1368 Kalsin Bay), Com. Eider 22,100 (MA, for the first time with highest tallies for (AK, Unalaska Island), Snow Goose Tuckernuck Islands), Harlequin Duck 17 species and one infraspecific form. 230,000 (DE, Bombay Hook N.W.R.), 1136 (AK, Unalaska Island), Surf Scoter Weslaco, TX, was second for national Snow (white form) Goose 58,175 (AR, 8885 (CA, Point Reyes Pen.), White- highs with 15 species. The eight-year Wapanocca N.W.R.), Snow (blue form) winged Scoter 2352 (MI, Manistee), first-place run in Matagorda County- Goose 20,100 (AR, Wapanocca N.W.R.), Black Scoter 3498 (GA, St. Catherines Mad Island Marsh, TX, ended with a Ross’s Goose 18,020 (CA, Merced Island), Long-tailed Duck 21,260 (MI, heavy fog day that had less than one N.W.R.), Ross’s (blue form) Goose 1 Muskegon), Bufflehead 8822 (CA, Point hour of clear conditions. TXMM - (AR, Pine Bluff; CO, Rocky Ford), Brant Reyes Pen.), Com. Goldeneye 9226 (IA, ished with high tallies for 13 species. (hrota) 32,847 (NY, L.I.: Southern Keokuk), Barrow’s Goldeneye 901 (AK, San Diego, CA, had 12 species and one Nassau Co.), Brant (nigricans) 7701 (CA, Wrangell Island), Hooded Merganser form; Anzalduas-Bentsen, TX, 12 Centerville Beach to King Salmon), 1479 (SC, Winyah Bay), Com. species; Coot Bay, FL, 11 species and Barnacle Goose 1 (NY, Rockland Co.), Merganser 6000 (OK, Salt Plains two forms; Laysan Island, HI, 11 Cackling Goose 44,461 (TX, Lubbock N.W.R.), Red-breasted Merganser species; Kaua’i: Kapa’a, HI, 10 species Co.), Canada Goose 41,418 (MD, St. 35,677 (OH, Lakewood), Ruddy Duck and one form; Point Reyes Peninsula, Michaels), Hawaiian Goose 261 (HI, 28,391 (CA, Los Baños). CA, 10 species; and Kaua’i: Waimea Kaua’i: Kapa’a), Mute Swan 942 (MI, Plain Chachalaca 99 (TX, Weslaco), and Midway Atoll, HI, 9 species. All Anchor Bay), Black Swan 2 ex (CA, Orange Chukar 35 (OR, Hart Mountain), Gray other CBCs had 8 or fewer. Co. [coastal]), Trumpeter Swan 2791 Francolin 17 (HI, O’ahu: Waipi’o), California was number one again with (WA, Skagit Bay), Tundra Swan 20,231 (CA, Black Francolin 4 (HI, Moloka’i: 137 species and six infraspecific forms. Stockton), Bewick’s Swan 1 (CA, Bishop). Kualapu’u), Erckel’s Francolin 15 (HI,

110 AMERICAN BIRDS Kaua’i: Waimea), Gray Partridge 176 White-tailed Tropicbird 2 (HI, Kaua’i: Point Reyes Pen.), Cooper’s Hawk 66 (MT, Bozeman), Red Junglefowl 149 Kapa’a), Red-tailed Tropicbird 7 (HI, (AZ, Tucson Valley), N. Goshawk 7 (HI, Kaua’i: Waimea), Kalij Pheasant 7 Midway Atoll), Masked Booby 35 (FL, (AK, Kodiak), Com. Black-Hawk 1 (HI, Hawai’i: North Kona), Ring- Dry Tortugas N. P.), Brown Booby 121 (CA, Santa Rosa; TX, Falcon Dam and necked Pheasant 576 (SD, Huron), (FL, Dry Tortugas N. P.), Red-footed S.P.), Harris’s Hawk 75 (TX, La Sal Com. Peafowl 39 ex (CA, Orange Co. Booby 509 (HI, Kaua’i: Kapa’a), N. Vieja), Red-shouldered Hawk 175 (FL, [NE]), Ruffed Grouse 34 (PA, Gannet 5949 (MA, Truro), Am. White Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary), Broad- Emporium), Greater Sage-Grouse 383 Pelican 7600 (FL, Lakeland), Brown winged Hawk 17 (LA, Venice), Gray (WY, Evanston), Gunnison Sage-Grouse Pelican 1952 (OR, Tillamook Bay), Hawk 11 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen), 1 (CO, Gunnison), Spruce Grouse 4 Brandt’s Cormorant 4757 (CA, San Short-tailed Hawk 7 (FL, Kendall Area), (AK, Kenny Lake; VT, Island Pond), Diego), Neotropic Cormorant 716 (TX, Swainson’s Hawk 3 (LA, Venice), Willow Ptarmigan 220 (AK, Eagle Sea Rim S.P.), Double-crested Cormorant White-tailed Hawk 54 (TX, Anzalduas- River), Rock Ptarmigan 2 (AK, 14,409 (CA, Salton Sea [south]), Great Bentsen), Zone-tailed Hawk 2 (TX, Ketchikan), Dusky Grouse 3 (CO, Rocky Cormorant 155 (MA, Quincy), Red- Anzalduas-Bentsen and Del Rio), Mountain N.P.), Sooty Grouse 1 (OR, faced Cormorant 10 (AK, Kodiak), Hawaiian Hawk 9 (HI, Hawai’i: North Brownsville and Oakridge), Sharp-tailed Pelagic Cormorant 454 (AK, Kodiak), Kona), Red-tailed Hawk 409 (CA, Grouse 460 (ND, Arrowwood N.W.R.), Anhinga 630 (FL, Zellwood-Mount Lincoln), Red-tailed (Harlan’s) Hawk 12 Greater Prairie-Chicken 219 (NE, Dora), Magnificent Frigatebird 200 (FL, (MT, Ninepipe N.W.R.), Red-tailed Calamus-Loup), Greater (Attwater’s) Dry Tortugas N. P,), Great Frigatebird (Krider’s) Hawk 1 (KS, Baldwin; LA, Prairie-Chicken 27 (TX, Attwater 242 (HI, Midway Atoll Creole; MO, Kansas City; OK, Oklahoma Prairie Chicken N.W.R.), Wild Turkey Am. Bittern 69 (FL, Zellwood-Mount City; TN, Fayette Co.; TX, Attwater 774 (TX, Quanah), Mountain Quail 24 Dora), Least Bittern 12 (AZ, Phoenix- Prairie Chicken N.W.R. and Crawford), (CA, Yreka), Scaled Quail 134 (CO, Tres Rios), Bare-throated Tiger-Heron 22 (CA, Tejon Pueblo Reservoir), California Quail 1701 1 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen), Great Blue Ranch), Rough-legged Hawk 164 (ID, (CA, Caswell-Westley), Gambel’s Quail (Blue form) Heron 589 CA, Salton Sea Howe), Golden Eagle 33 (WY, Casper), 2455 (AZ, Carefree), N. Bobwhite 109 [north]), Great Blue (White form) Crested Caracara 175 (TX, La Sal Vieja), (TX, White River), Montezuma Quail Heron 220 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades Am. Kestrel 210 (CA, Point Reyes Pen.), 73 (AZ, Atascosa Highlands). N.P.), Great Blue (Wurdemann’s) Heron Merlin 16 (TX, Matagorda Co.-Mad Red-throated Loon 1751 (CA, San 10 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P.), Island Marsh; WA, Bellingham), Francisco), Pacific Loon 774 (CA, Moss Great Egret 1500 (FL, Cocoa), Snowy Aplomado Falcon 1 (TX, Aransas Landing), Com. Loon 832 (NC, Egret 2200 (FL, Cocoa), Little Blue N.W.R., Laguna Atascosa N.W.R., and Wilmington), Yellow-billed Loon 3 (AK, Heron 940 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades Matagorda Co.-Mad Island Marsh), Cordova), Least Grebe 95 (TX, N.P.), Tricolored Heron 686 (GA, Gyrfalcon 2 (SD, Spearfish), Peregrine Weslaco), Pied-billed Grebe 1693 (AL, Harris Neck N.W.R.), Reddish Egret Falcon 23 (CA, Point Reyes Pen.; NY, Guntersville), Horned Grebe 812 (AL, 321 (TX, Coastal Tip), Cattle Egret 1440 L.I.: Southern Nassau Co.), Prairie Guntersville), Red-necked Grebe 431 (FL, Lakeland), Green Heron 91 (FL, Falcon 13 (ID, Howe). (WA, Port Angeles), Eared Grebe 4850 Zellwood-Mount Dora), Black-crowned Yellow Rail 8 (TX, San Bernard (CA, Salton Sea [north]), W. Grebe Night-Heron 1936 (CA, Sacramento), N.W.R.), Black Rail 13 (CA, Benicia), 7975 (CA, Elsinore), Clark’s Grebe 2025 Yellow-crowned Night-Heron 117 (TX, Clapper Rail 185 (FL, St. Augustine), (CA, Elsinore), Laysan Albatross Coastal Tip), White Ibis 12,601 (LA, Clapper (Yuma) Rail 8 (AZ, Havasu 779,124 (HI, Midway Atoll), Black- Crowley), Glossy Ibis 2800 (FL, STA5- N.W.R.), King Rail 74 (LA, Sabine footed Albatross 43,174 (HI, Midway Clewiston), White-faced Ibis 31,163 N.W.R.), Virginia Rail 244 (CA, Atoll), Short-tailed Albatross 2 (HI, (LA, Lacassine N.W.R.-Thornwell), Benicia), Sora 300 (FL, Zellwood- Midway Atoll), N. Fulmar 35 (CA, Roseate Spoonbill 425 (TX, Matagorda Mount Dora), Purple Swamphen 40 ex Monterey Pen.), Bonin Petrel 5001 (HI, Co.-Mad Island Marsh), Wood Stork (FL, STA5-Clewiston), Purple Gallinule Midway Atoll), Pink-footed Shearwater 1500 (FL, Lakeland), Black Vulture 67 (FL, Lakeland), Com. Moorhen 5 (CA, Orange Co. [coastal]), Wedge- 2250 (FL, Fort Pierce), Turkey Vulture 2700 (FL, STA5-Clewiston), Hawaiian tailed Shearwater 12 (HI, Laysan 9700 (FL, Lakeland), California Condor Moorhen 326 (HI, Kaua’i: Kapa’a), Island), Sooty Shearwater 2 (CA, Santa 12 (CA, Pinnacles N.M.). Hawaiian Coot 312 (HI, Kaua’i: Maria-Guadalupe), Short-tailed Shearwater Osprey 350(FL, Cocoa), Hook-billed Kapa’a), Am. Coot 36,399 (CA, Los 1 (CA, Arcata), Manx Shearwater 3 Kite 2 (TX, Santa Ana N.W.R.), White- Baños), Limpkin 70 (FL, West Palm (NC, Cape Hatteras), Black-vented tailed Kite 150 (CA, Benicia), Snail Kite Beach), Sandhill Crane 73,000 (TX, Shearwater 10,233 (CA, Thousand 45 (FL, STA5-Clewiston), Bald Eagle Muleshoe N.W.R.), Com. Crane 1 ex Oaks), Tristram’s Storm-Petrel 2 (HI, 889 (AK, Kodiak), N. Harrier 220 (CA, (NJ, Cumberland Co.), Whooping Laysan Island). Benicia), Sharp-shinned Hawk 26 (CA, Crane 67 (TX, Aransas N.W.R.).

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 111 Black-bellied Plover 8640 (CA, Corpus Christi), Red-necked Phalarope Murrelet 3 (CA, Orange Co. [coastal]), Hayward-Fremont), Pacific Golden- 1 (HI, Laysan Island), Red Phalarope 13 Ancient Murrelet 185 (WA, Sequim- Plover 1933 (HI, Laysan Island), Snowy (OR, Port Orford). Dungeness), Cassin’s Auklet 322 (CA, Plover 299 (CA, San Diego), Wilson’s Laughing Gull 251,000 (TX, Rancho Santa Fe), Whiskered Auklet 5 Plover 55 (FL, North Pinellas), Houston), Franklin’s Gull 23 (OK, (AK, Unalaska Island), Crested Auklet Semipalmated Plover 2476 (SC, Hilton Tulsa), Little Gull 3 (MA, Nantucket), 60 (AK, Unalaska Island), Rhinoceros Head Island), Piping Plover 86 (TX, Black-headed Gull 3 (DE, Cape Auklet 195 (CA, Santa Cruz Co.), Corpus Christi [Flour Bluff]), Killdeer Henlopen-Prime Hook), Bonaparte’s Atlantic Puffin 2 (MA, Truro), Tufted 6441 (MS, Eagle Lake), Mountain Gull 3363 (CA, Orange Co. [coastal]), Puffin 1 (CA, Moss Landing Plover 202 (CA, Salton Sea [south]), Heermann’s Gull 1181 (CA, Santa Rock Pigeon 5583 (TX, Lubbock Am. Oystercatcher 950 (FL, Cedar Barbara), Mew Gull 6228 (OR, Coos Co.), White-crowned Pigeon 16 (FL, Key), Black Oystercatcher 627 (AK, Bay), Ring-billed Gull 100,000 (TX, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P.), Band-tailed Kodiak), Black-necked Stilt 1261 (CA, Houston), California Gull 9010 (CA, Pigeon 1497 (CA, San Bernardino Long Beach-el Dorado), Black-necked Salton Sea [north]), Herring Gull Valley), Ringed Turtle-Dove 10 ex (CA, (Hawaiian) Stilt 264 (HI, O’ahu: 30,104 (DE, Wilmington), Thayer’s Oceanside-Vista-Carlsbad), Eur. Waipi’o), Am. Avocet 4420 (CA, Gull 393 (WA, Port Angeles), Iceland Collared-Dove 1189 (AZ, Gila River), Hayward-Fremont), N. Jacana 1 (TX, Gull 123 (ME, Eastport), Kumlien’s Spotted Dove 356 (HI, O’ahu: Choke Canyon), Spotted Sandpiper 58 Gull 4 (ME, Monhegan Island), Lesser Waipi’o), Zebra Dove 1021 (HI, O’ahu: (TX, Matagorda Co.-Mad Island Black-backed Gull 190 (MA, Waipi’o), White-winged Dove 9849 Marsh), Solitary Sandpiper 3 (TX, Nantucket), Slaty-backed Gull 1 (AK, (NM, Las Cruces), Mourning Dove Guadalupe River Delta-McFaddin Family Unalaska Island; WA, Sequim- 7190 (AZ, Phoenix-Tres Rios), Inca Ranches and Weslaco), Wandering Dungeness), Yellow-footed Gull 2 (CA, Dove 249 (TX, Weslaco), Com. Tattler 48 (HI, Laysan Island), Greater Salton Sea [south]), W. Gull 4530 (CA, Ground-Dove 155 (TX, La Sal Vieja), Yellowlegs 334 (TX, Freeport), Willet San Francisco), Glaucous-winged Gull Ruddy Ground-Dove 4 (AZ, Gila 3753 (CA, Hayward-Fremont), Lesser 3048 (WA, Bellingham), Glaucous Gull River), White-tipped Dove 47 (TX, Yellowlegs 466 (FL, STA5-Clewiston), 9 (NY, Massena-Cornwall), Great Weslaco), Budgerigar 36 (FL, Aripeka- Whimbrel 155 (CA, W. Sonoma Co.), Black-backed Gull 3097 (DE, Bayport), Rose-ringed Parakeet 1129 Bristle-thighed Curlew 51 (HI, Laysan Wilmington), Black-legged Kittiwake (CA, Bakersfield), Monk Parakeet 246 Island), Long-billed Curlew 2205 (CA, 369 (MA, Truro). (TX, Austin), Green Parakeet 190 (TX, Salton Sea [south]), Bar-tailed Godwit 1 Brown Noddy 166 (HI, Midway Brownsville), Red-masked Parakeet 170 (CA, Orange Co. [coastal]), Marbled Atoll), Black Noddy 441 (HI, Laysan ex (CA, San Francisco), Crimson-front- Godwit 3541 (CA, Hayward-Fremont), Island), White Tern 90 (HI, Midway ed Parakeet 1 ex (FL, Fort Lauderdale), Ruddy Turnstone 2663 (HI, Laysan Atoll), Sooty Tern 100 (FL, Dry Mitred Parakeet 680 ex (CA, Pasadena- Island), Black Turnstone 342 (CA, Tortugas N. P.), Gray-backed Tern 3 San Gabriel Valley), Blue-crowned Monterey Pen.), Surfbird 153 (OR, (HI, Laysan Island), Least Tern 8 (TX, Parakeet 105 ex (FL, Fort Lauderdale), Coquille Valley), Red Knot 501 (NC, Comstock), Gull-billed Tern 67 (LA, White-eyed Parakeet 139 ex (FL, Dade Portsmouth Island), Sanderling 2605 Crowley), Caspian Tern 121 (TX, Co.), Black-hooded Parakeet 300 (FL, (WA, Grays Harbor), Semipalmated Coastal Tip), Com. Tern 16 (TX, St. Petersburg), Chestnut-fronted Sandpiper 4 (FL, Key Largo-Plantation Galveston), Forster’s Tern 1300 (FL, St. Macaw 4 ex (FL, Fort Lauderdale), Key), W. Sandpiper 15,733 (CA, Augustine), Royal Tern 1000 (FL, St. Blue-and-yellow Macaw 14 ex (FL, Hayward-Fremont), Least Sandpiper Augustine), Sandwich Tern 1300 (FL, Kendall Area), Yellow-chevroned 11,909 (CA, Moss Landing), Baird’s Key West), Black Skimmer 3070 (FL, Parakeet 127 (CA, Los Angeles), White- Sandpiper 1 (OR, Columbia Estuary), Jacksonville), Pomarine Jaeger 3 (CA, fronted Parrot 2 ex (CA, Orange Co. Pectoral Sandpiper 1 (OK, Sequoyah), Santa Barbara; FL, Biscayne N.P.), [coastal]), Red-crowned Parrot 1494 Purple Sandpiper 376 (ME, Biddeford- 5 (CA, Santa Barbara; (CA, Pasadena-San Gabriel Valley), Kennebunkport), Rock Sandpiper 1015 NC, Kitty Hawk), jaeger sp. 6 (NC, Lilac-crowned Parrot 36 ex (CA, (AK, Homer), Dunlin 29,393 (WA, Kitty Hawk), Dovekie 8 (MA, Malibu), Red-lored Parrot 22 ex (CA, Skagit Bay), Stilt Sandpiper 114 (TX, Tuckernuck Islands), Com. Murre 5801 Orange Co. [coastal]), Yellow-headed Santa Ana N.W.R.), Short-billed (OR, Coos Bay), Thick-billed Murre 20 Parrot 5 ex (CA, Orange Co. [coastal] Dowitcher 4450 (FL, Coot Bay- (MA, Stellwagen Bank National Marine and Pasadena-San Gabriel Valley), Blue- Everglades N.P.), Long-billed Dowitcher Sanctuary), Razorbill 4944 (MA, Truro), fronted Parrot 8 ex (CA, Orange Co. 13,776 (LA, Lacassine N.W.R.- Black Guillemot 53 (ME, Schoodic [coastal]), Yellow-billed Cuckoo 1 (TX, Thornwell), Wilson’s Snipe 649 (CA, Point), Pigeon Guillemot 473 (WA, Freeport), Greater Roadrunner 40 (AZ, Rio Cosumnes), Am. Woodcock 80 (NJ, Sequim-Dungeness), Marbled Murrelet Gila River), Groove-billed Ani 8 (TX, Cape May), Wilson’s Phalarope 5 (TX, 274 (AK, Mitkof Island), Xantus’s Harlingen).

112 AMERICAN BIRDS Barn Owl 64 (TX, Matagorda Co.- Belted Kingfisher 102 (SC, Ace Basin), 273 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen), Tropical Mad Island Marsh), W. Screech-Owl 61 Green Kingfisher 29 (TX, Weslaco). Kingbird 53 (TX, Weslaco), Couch’s (CA, Santa Cruz Co.), E. Screech-Owl Lewis’s Woodpecker 88 (CA, Anderson Kingbird 62 (TX, Weslaco), Couch’s 74 (TX, Lake O’ the Pines), Whiskered River Park), Red-headed Woodpecker Kingbird/Tropical Kingbird 132 (TX, Screech-Owl 6 (AZ, Patagonia), Great 230 (MO, Horton-Four Rivers), Acorn Weslaco), Cassin’s Kingbird 176 (CA, Horned Owl 72 (CA, Malibu), Snowy Woodpecker 969 (CA, Santa Barbara), Oceanside-Vista-Carlsbad), W. Kingbird Owl 4 (ND, Grand Forks-East Grand Gila Woodpecker 449 (AZ, Tucson 12 (FL, Zellwood-Mount Dora), Forks), N. Hawk Owl 2 (AK, Valley), Golden-fronted Woodpecker Scissor-tailed Flycatcher 93 (TX, San Matanuska Valley; MN, Isabella), N. 377 (TX, Weslaco), Red-bellied Antonio), Rose-throated Becard 1 (TX, Pygmy-Owl 15 (CA, Año Nuevo), Woodpecker 517 (OH, Millersburg), Anzalduas-Bentsen and Weslaco). Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl 1 (TX, La Sal Williamson’s Sapsucker 7 (NM, Sandia Loggerhead Shrike 196 (FL, Fort Vieja), Burrowing Owl 216 (FL, Fort Mountains), Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Myers), N. Shrike 12 (WA, Bridgeport), Myers), Spotted Owl 6 (CA, Point Reyes 107 (TX, Nacogdoches), Red-naped White-eyed Vireo 84 (FL, Gainesville), Pen.), Barred Owl 64 (TX, Matagorda Sapsucker 59 (AZ, Prescott), Red-breasted Bell’s Vireo 1 (FL, Fort Lauderdale; LA, Co.-Mad Island Marsh), Great Gray Sapsucker 33 (CA, Auburn), Ladder- New Orleans), Gray Vireo 1 (UT, Zion Owl 5 (MN, Isabella), Long-eared Owl backed Woodpecker 138 (AZ, N.P.), Yellow-throated Vireo 2 (FL, 28 (CO, Bonny Reservoir), Short-eared Dudleyville), Nuttall’s Woodpecker Kendall Area), Plumbeous Vireo 3 (AZ, Owl 68 (IN, Goose Pond), Boreal Owl 245 (CA, Putah Creek), Downy Salt Verde River; CA, San Bernardino 1 (AK, Tok), N. Saw-whet Owl 44 (CA, Woodpecker 704 (MA, Concord), Valley), Cassin’s Vireo 1 (AZ, Nogales; Santa Cruz Co.); Lesser Nighthawk 10 Hairy Woodpecker 166 (MA, Concord), CA, Anza-Borrego Desert, Arcata, (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P.), Com. Arizona Woodpecker 37 (AZ, Atascosa Escondido, Malibu, and San Diego; Nighthawk 1 (TX, Guadalupe River Highlands), Red-cockaded Woodpecker NM, Las Cruces), Blue-headed Vireo 86 Delta-McFaddin Family Ranches), 36 (NC, Southern Pines), White-headed (FL, Gainesville), Hutton’s Vireo 92 Com. Pauraque 11 (TX, Choke Canyon), Woodpecker 26 (CA, Yosemite N.P.), (CA, Point Reyes Pen.), Red-eyed Vireo Com. Poorwill 3 (TX, Chaparral Am. Three-toed Woodpecker 4 (AK, 1 (TX, Matagorda Co.-Mad Island W.M.A.), Chuck-will’s-widow 3 (LA, Denali N.P. and Fairbanks; MN, Roseau), Marsh), Gray Jay 43 (AK, Fairbanks), Venice), Whip-poor-will 5 (FL, Long Black-backed Woodpecker 3 (MN, Steller’s Jay 607 (CA, Oakland), Blue Jay Pine Key), Mariana Swiftlet 3 (HI, Isabella), N. (Red-shafted) Flicker 545 1887 (MA, Concord), Black-throated O’ahu: Honolulu), White-throated (CA, Putah Creek), N. (Yellow-shafted) Magpie-Jay 7 ex (CA, San Diego), Green Swift 494 (NM, Las Cruces), Broad- Flicker 496 (MD, Bowie), Gilded Jay 200 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen), billed Hummingbird 24 (AZ, Santa Flicker 74 (AZ, Carefree), Pileated Florida Scrub-Jay 55 (FL, Merritt Island Catalina Mountains), Buff-bellied Woodpecker 106 (FL, Gainesville). N.W.R.), Island Scrub-Jay 173 (CA, Hummingbird 38 (TX, Victoria), N. Beardless-Tyrannulet 4 (TX, Santa Cruz Island), W. Scrub-Jay 1008 Violet-crowned Hummingbird 3 (AZ, Anzalduas-Bentsen), Olive-sided Flycatcher (OR, Eugene), Mexican Jay 396 (AZ, Ramsey Canyon), Blue-throated CW (CA, Orange Co. [NE]), Greater Ramsey Canyon), Pinyon Jay 373 (NV, Hummingbird 17 (AZ, Portal), Pewee 1 (AZ, Tucson Valley), Least Ely), Clark’s Nutcracker 170 (CO, Magnificent Hummingbird 5 (AZ, Flycatcher 11 (FL, Zellwood-Mount Rocky Mountain N.P.), Black-billed -Madera Canyon), Ruby- Dora), Hammond’s Flycatcher 18 (AZ, Magpie 786 (MT, Bozeman), Yellow- throated Hummingbird 34 (FL, Kendall Atascosa Highlands), Gray Flycatcher billed Magpie 683 (CA, Sacramento), Area), Black-chinned Hummingbird 13 45 (AZ, Atascosa Highlands), Dusky Am. Crow 207,000 (IL, Middle Fork (TX, Freeport), Anna’s Hummingbird Flycatcher 11 (AZ, Atascosa Highlands), River Valley), Northwestern Crow 749 1131 (CA, San Diego), Costa’s Pacific-slope Flycatcher 2 (CA, (AK, Juneau), Fish Crow 27,000 (FL, Hummingbird 115 (CA, Anza-Borrego Oceanside-Vista-Carlsbad), W. Flycatcher Econlockhatchee), Chihuahuan Raven Desert), Calliope Hummingbird 2 (TX, 4 (CA, San Diego), Black Phoebe 584 753 (NM, Las Cruces), Com. Raven Victoria), Broad-tailed Hummingbird 1 (CA, Orange Co. [coastal]), E. Phoebe 1638 (AK, Fairbanks). (AZ, Ramsey Canyon; CA, Santa 1040 (TX, Matagorda Co.-Mad Island Hawaii Elepaio 22 (HI, Hawai’i: Barbara; FL, Choctawhatchee Bay; NM, Marsh), Say’s Phoebe 169 (AZ, Gila Volcano), Kauai Elepaio 8 (HI, Kaua’i: Las Cruces; TX, Davis Mountains and River), Vermilion Flycatcher 75 (AZ, Waimea), Oahu Elepaio 8 (HI, O’ahu: Port Aransas), Rufous Hummingbird 14 Tucson Valley), Ash-throated Flycatcher Honolulu), Sky Lark 10 (HI, Moloka’i: (LA, Lafayette), Allen’s Hummingbird 14 (TX, San Bernard N.W.R.), Great Kualapu’u), Horned Lark 8531 (KS, 450 (CA, Orange Co. [coastal]), Elegant Crested Flycatcher 39 (FL, Fakahatchee), Salina), Purple Martin 3 (TX, Armand Trogon 1 (AZ, Atascosa Highlands, Brown-crested Flycatcher 2 (TX, Bayou), Tree Swallow 1,000,000 (FL, Green Valley-Madera Canyon, Nogales, Guadalupe River Delta-McFaddin Sarasota), Violet-green Swallow 210 and Ramsey Canyon), Ringed Family Ranches), La Sagra’s Flycatcher 1 (CA, Moss Landing), N. Rough-winged Kingfisher 24 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen), (FL, Long Pine Key), Great Kiskadee Swallow 300 (FL, West Palm Beach),

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 113 Bank Swallow 1 (TX, Weslaco), Cliff Bluebird 1039 (CA, Auburn), Mountain N.P., Fort Lauderdale, Kendall Area, Swallow 1 (LA, Reserve-Bonnet Carre Bluebird 687 (CO, Grand Junction), and Key Largo-Plantation Key), Yellow- Spillway), Cave Swallow 238 (TX, Townsend’s Solitaire 299 (OR, Bend), rumped (Audubon’s) Warbler 4638 (CA, Choke Canyon), Barn Swallow 25 (CA, Omao 30 (HI, Hawai’i: Volcano), Orange Co. [coastal]), Yellow-rumped Salton Sea [south]), Carolina Chickadee Puaiohi 3 (HI, Kaua’i: Waimea), Veery 1 (Myrtle) Warbler 7599 (SC, Charleston), 1282 (OH, Cincinnati), Black-capped (NY, Chatham), Swainson’s Thrush 1 Black-throated Gray Warbler 9 (AZ, Chickadee 3334 (NY, Ithaca), (GA, Glynn Co.), Hermit Thrush 469 Atascosa Highlands), Black-throated Mountain Chickadee 638 (CO, Rocky (CA, Marin Co. [southern]), Wood Green Warbler 6 (FL, Fort Lauderdale), Mountain N.P.), Mexican Chickadee 6 Thrush 1 (TX, Matagorda Co.-Mad Townsend’s Warbler 311 (CA, Monterey (AZ, Portal), Chestnut-backed Chickadee Island Marsh), Clay-colored Robin 12 Pen.), Hermit Warbler 5 (CA, Año 1336 (CA, Año Nuevo), Boreal (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen), Rufous- Nuevo), Yellow-throated Warbler 39 Chickadee 203 (AK, Fairbanks), Bridled backed Robin 2 (AZ, Superior), Am. (FL, Gainesville), Grace’s Warbler 1 Titmouse 219 (AZ, Atascosa Highlands), Robin 27,248 (CA, Ukiah), Varied (CA, Santa Barbara), Pine Warbler 1100 Oak Titmouse 585 (CA, Folsom), Thrush 661 (CA, Willow Creek). (FL, Avon Park A.F. Range), Prairie Juniper Titmouse 99 (NM, Sandia Hwamei 24 (HI, Kaua’i: Kapa’a), Warbler 59 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades Mountains), Tufted Titmouse 1243 Red-billed Leiothrix 45 (HI, O’ahu: N.P.), Palm Warbler 950 (FL, (MA, Concord), Black-crested Titmouse Honolulu), Wrentit 501 (CA, Point Econlockhatchee), Palm (W.) Warbler 1 163 (TX, Boerne), Black-crested Reyes Pen.), Japanese White-eye 283 (AR, Buffalo National River (east); IN, Titmouse X Tufted Titmouse () (HI, Kaua’i: Kapa’a), Gray Catbird 465 Lake Monroe), Palm (Yellow) Warbler 1 165 (TX, Austin), Verdin 313 (AZ, (FL, Long Pine Key), N. Mockingbird (DE, Seaford-Nanticoke; LA, Grand Tucson Valley), Bushtit 1591 (CA, 425 (TX, Corpus Christi), Sage Isle), Bay-breasted Warbler CW (AZ, Pasadena-San Gabriel Valley), Red- Thrasher 34 (TX, Guadalupe Santa Catalina Mountains), Black-and- breasted Nuthatch 748 (MN, Duluth), Mountains), Brown Thrasher 76 (AL, white Warbler 102 (FL, Gainesville), Am. White-breasted Nuthatch 692 (MA, Wheeler N.W.R.), Long-billed Thrasher Redstart 19 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades Concord), Pygmy Nuthatch 990 (CO, 64 (TX, Choke Canyon), Bendire’s N.P.), Prothonotary Warbler 1 (TX, Evergreen-Idaho Springs), Brown-headed Thrasher 11 (AZ, Avra Valley), Curve- Guadalupe River Delta-McFaddin Nuthatch 270 (GA, St. Catherines Island), billed Thrasher 281 (AZ, Carefree), Family Ranches), Worm-eating Warbler Brown Creeper 156 (CA, Año Nuevo). California Thrasher 129 (CA, Malibu), 1 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. and Cactus Wren 310 (AZ, Carefree), Rock Crissal Thrasher 48 (NM, Peloncillo Key West), Swainson’s Warbler 1 (TX, Wren 119 (AZ, Atascosa Highlands), Mountains), Le Conte’s Thrasher 7 (CA, Matagorda Co.-Mad Island Marsh), Canyon Wren 133 (AZ, Atascosa Lancaster), Eur. Starling 1,000,000 Ovenbird 16 (NC, Cape Hatteras), N. Highlands), Carolina Wren 544 (MD, (OK, Sooner Lake), Com. Myna 923 Waterthrush 37 (FL, Coot Bay- Bowie), Bewick’s Wren 263 (WA, (HI, O’ahu: Waipi’o), Hill Myna 39 ex Everglades N.P.), Louisiana Waterthrush Seattle), House Wren 310 (FL, (FL, Kendall Area), White Wagtail 1 1 (AZ, Patagonia and Ramsey Canyon), Zellwood-Mount Dora), Winter Wren (CA, Santa Maria-Guadalupe), Am. MacGillivray’s Warbler 1 (ME, Greater 344 (IL, Cypress Creek), Sedge Wren Pipit 2230 (CA, Marysville), Sprague’s Portland), Com. Yellowthroat 887 (TX, 275 (TX, San Bernard N.W.R.), Marsh Pipit 68 (TX, Matagorda Co.-Mad Guadalupe River Delta-McFaddin Family Wren 462 (CA, Benicia), Am. Dipper Island Marsh), Bohemian Waxwing Ranches), Gray-crowned Yellowthroat 2 49 (CO, Longmont), Red-vented Bulbul 6976 (AK, Anchorage), Cedar Waxwing (TX, Brownsville), Hooded Warbler 2 491 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu), Red- 3789 (TX, Tyler), Phainopepla 703 (AZ, (TX, Big Bend N.P. [east]), Wilson’s whiskered Bulbul 45 (HI, O’ahu: Salt Verde River). Warbler 17 (CA, Orange Co. [coastal]; Honolulu), 116 ex (CA, Pasadena-San Olive Warbler 9 (AZ, Green Valley- TX, Freeport), Painted Redstart 12 (AZ, Gabriel Valley), Golden-crowned Madera Canyon), Tennessee Warbler 2 Green Valley-Madera Canyon), Rufous- Kinglet 932 (WA, Sequim-Dungeness), (TX, Guadalupe River Delta-McFaddin capped Warbler 1 (AZ, Green Valley-Madera Ruby-crowned Kinglet 955 (CA, Point Family Ranches), Orange-crowned Canyon), Yellow-breasted Chat 7 (TX, Reyes Pen.), Japanese Bush-Warbler 57 Warbler 493 (TX, Weslaco), Nashville Matagorda Co.-Mad Island Marsh), (HI, O’ahu: Waipi’o), Blue-gray Warbler 10 (TX, Weslaco), N. Parula 18 Hepatic Tanager 3 (AZ, Atascosa Gnatcatcher 800 (FL, Emeralda- (FL, Kendall Area), Yellow Warbler 11 Highlands), Summer Tanager 7 (CA, San Sunnyhill), California Gnatcatcher 39 (CA, San Diego; FL, Coot Bay- Diego), W. Tanager 24 (CA, San Diego). (CA, Rancho Santa Fe), Black-tailed Everglades N.P.), Chestnut-sided White-collared Seedeater 1 (TX, Gnatcatcher 216 (AZ, Salt Verde River), Warbler 1 (AZ, Phoenix-Tres Rios), Laredo), Yellow-faced Grassquit 1 (HI, Black-capped Gnatcatcher 5 (AZ, Green Magnolia Warbler 3 (FL, Coot Bay- O’ahu: Waipi’o), Saffron Finch 47 (HI, Valley-Madera Canyon), White-rumped Everglades N.P.), Cape May Warbler 1 Hawai’i: North Kona), Red-crested Shama 39 (HI, Kaua’i: Kapa’a), E. (OH, Ragersville), Black-throated Blue Cardinal 140 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu), Bluebird 770 (OH, Ragersville), W. Warbler 2 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades Olive Sparrow 57 (TX, Santa Ana

114 AMERICAN BIRDS N.W.R.), Green-tailed Towhee 19 (AZ, White-crowned Sparrow 4576 (AZ, Gila 50,752 (LA, Lacassine N.W.R.- Atascosa Highlands), Spotted Towhee River), White-crowned (Gambel’s) Thornwell), Orchard Oriole 5 (CA, San 707 (CA, Auburn), E. Towhee 226 (NC, Sparrow 1068 (CA, Salton Sea [north]), Diego), Hooded Oriole 7 (TX, Falcon Durham), Canyon Towhee 229 (AZ, White-crowned (Mountain) Sparrow 1 Dam and S.P.), Bullock’s Oriole 20 (CA, Atascosa Highlands), California Towhee (AZ, Atascosa Highlands), Golden- San Diego), Spot-breasted Oriole 4 (FL, 667 (CA, Oakland), Abert’s Towhee 687 crowned Sparrow 1496 (CA, Marin Co. Kendall Area), Altamira Oriole 38 (TX, (AZ, Gila River), Rufous-winged [southern]), Dark-eyed (Gray-headed) Anzalduas-Bentsen), Audubon’s Oriole Sparrow 90 (AZ, Atascosa Highlands), Junco 436 (NM, Questa), Dark-eyed 13 (TX, Choke Canyon), Baltimore Cassin’s Sparrow 68 (TX, Chaparral (Oregon) Junco 3091 (OR, Hood Oriole 31 (FL, Gainesville), Scott’s W.M.A.), Bachman’s Sparrow 8 (FL, River), Dark-eyed (Pink-sided) Junco Oriole 8 (CA, Anza-Borrego Desert). Avon Park A.F. Range and West Pasco 631 (CO, Grand Junction), Dark-eyed Com. Chaffinch 1 OU (MA, Greater [New Port Richey]), Rufous-crowned (Slate-colored) Junco 9562 (MA, Boston), Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch 499 Sparrow 327 (AZ, Atascosa Highlands), Concord), Dark-eyed (White-winged) (WY, Crowheart), Black Rosy-Finch Am. Tree Sparrow 1993 (IN, Goose Junco 81 (SD, Piedmont), Dark-eyed 453 (WY, Dubois), Brown-capped Pond), Chipping Sparrow 3931 (AZ, (Gray-headed dorsalis) Junco 26 (AZ, Rosy-Finch 80 (CO, Gunnison), Pine Atascosa Highlands), Clay-colored Prescott), Dark-eyed (Gray-headed Grosbeak 185 (MN, Aurora), Purple Sparrow 61 (TX, Chaparral W.M.A.), caniceps) Junco 6 (NM, Zuni), Dark- Finch 697 (NH, Pittsburg), Cassin’s Brewer’s Sparrow 351 (AZ, Green eyed (Red-backed) Junco 10 (AZ, Finch 130 (CO, Evergreen-Idaho Valley-Madera Canyon), Field Sparrow Portal), Yellow-eyed Junco 88 (AZ, Springs), House Finch 3297 (CA, Rio 464 (TX, Balcones Canyonlands), Portal), McCown’s Longspur 80 (TX, Cosumnes), Red Crossbill 419 (OR, Black-chinned Sparrow 54 (AZ, Quitaque), Lapland Longspur 5013 Upper Nestucca), White-winged Atascosa Highlands), Vesper Sparrow (KS, Wilson Reservoir), Smith’s Crossbill 678 (MN, Duluth), Com. 1841 (TX, Westcave Preserve), Lark Longspur 206 (OK, Tishomingo Redpoll 1658 (AK, Fairbanks), Hoary Sparrow 628 (CA, Putah Creek), Black- N.W.R.), Chestnut-collared Longspur Redpoll 23 (AK, Fairbanks), Pine Siskin throated Sparrow 801 (AZ, Salt Verde 240 (NM, Lakes Avalon-Brantley), 1547 (WA, Wahkiakum), Lesser River), Sage Sparrow 185 (CA, Carrizo Snow Bunting 2924 (NY, Troy), Goldfinch 1453 (CA, Lincoln), Plain), Lark Bunting 548 (TX, Lubbock McKay’s Bunting 35 (AK, Nome), N. Lawrence’s Goldfinch 262 (AZ, Co.), Savannah Sparrow 3995 (TX, Cardinal 2717 (OK, Fort Gibson Phoenix-Tres Rios), Am. Goldfinch Matagorda Co.-Mad Island Marsh), Reservoir), Pyrrhuloxia 124 (AZ, 1598 (CA, Benicia), Eur. Goldfinch 1 ex Savannah (Belding’s) Sparrow 129 (CA, Ramsey Canyon), Rose-breasted (MI, Clinton), Yellow-fronted Canary 2 Orange Co. [coastal]), Savannah (Ipswich) Grosbeak 2 (AR, Hot Springs Village; (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu), Com. Canary Sparrow 32 (SC, McClellanville), TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen), Black-headed 19 (HI, Midway Atoll), Evening Savannah (Large-billed) Sparrow 6 (CA, Grosbeak 4 (CA, San Diego), Blue Grosbeak 228 (WY, Casper), Laysan San Diego). Grosbeak 3 (FL, Zellwood-Mount Finch 28 (HI, Laysan Island), Hawaii Grasshopper Sparrow 55 (TX, Dora), Lazuli Bunting 2 (AZ, Ramsey Amakihi 192 (HI, Hawai’i: North Weslaco), Baird’s Sparrow 1 (AZ, Canyon), Indigo Bunting 22 (FL, Kona), Oahu Amakihi 25 (HI, O’ahu: Appleton-Whittell, Patagonia, and Zellwood-Mount Dora), Painted Waipi’o), Kauai Amakihi 6 (HI, Kaua’i: Ramsey Canyon; NM, Ladder Ranch), Bunting 74 (FL, Cocoa), Dickcissel 3 Waimea), Anianiau 8 (HI, Kaua’i: Henslow’s Sparrow 48 (MS, Jackson (LA, Crowley). Waimea), Akiapolaau 6 (HI, Hawai’i: Co.), Le Conte’s Sparrow 52 (TX, Red-winged Blackbird 2,800,000 Volcano), Akikiki 1 (HI, Kaua’i: Nacogdoches), Nelson’s Sparrow 85 (OK, Sooner Lake), Tricolored Blackbird Waimea), Hawaii Creeper 3 (HI, (LA, Grand Isle), Saltmarsh Sparrow 63 5890 (CA, Merced N.W.R.), E. Hawai’i: Volcano), Akekee 5 (HI, (NJ, Cape May), Seaside Sparrow 152 Meadowlark 1354 (TX, Kingsville), W. Kaua’i: Waimea), Iiwi 16 (HI, Hawai’i: (LA, Grand Isle), Fox Sparrow 543 (OR, Meadowlark 3109 (CA, Lincoln), North Kona), Apapane 94 (HI, Kaua’i: Coquille Valley), Fox (E.) Sparrow 8 Yellow-headed Blackbird 9547 (AZ, Waimea), House Sparrow 3247 (WY, (NC, Alligator River N.W.R.), Fox Tucson Valley), Rusty Blackbird 4000 Casper), Eur. Tree Sparrow 720 (IL, (Red) Sparrow 11 (TN, Knoxville), Fox (OK, Sooner Lake), Brewer’s Blackbird Meredosia Island), Orange Bishop 1 ex (Sooty) Sparrow 260 (OR, Coos Bay), 51,254 (CA, Rio Cosumnes), Com. (CA, Palos Verdes Pen.), Com. Waxbill Fox (Thick-billed) Sparrow 1 (CA, Grackle 503,102 (GA, Floyd Co.), Boat- 705 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu), Red Morro Bay), Song Sparrow 1528 (OH, tailed Grackle 18,340 (LA, Lacassine Avadavat 9 (HI, O’ahu: Waipi’o), Ragersville), Lincoln’s Sparrow 536 (TX, N.W.R.-Thornwell), Great-tailed African Silverbill 2 (HI, Hawai’i: North San Antonio), Swamp Sparrow 747 (LA, Grackle 120,000 (OK, Sooner Lake), Kona), Nutmeg Mannikin 272 (HI, Creole), White-throated Sparrow 3989 Shiny Cowbird CW (FL, Kendall Area), Kaua’i: Kapa’a), Chestnut Munia 327 (MD, Lower Kent Co.), Harris’s Bronzed Cowbird 1662 (TX, Santa Ana (HI, Kaua’i: Kapa’a), Java Sparrow 291 Sparrow 1506 (KS, Udall-Winfield), N.W.R.), Brown-headed Cowbird (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu).

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 115 All-time Highest Counts of Individual Species on Canadian CBCs Richard J. Cannings 705 Sunglo Drive, Penticton, BC, V2A 8X7; [email protected]

This is a summary of the highest Colborne 110) , Ruddy Shelduck 1 ex Wolfville 90), Com. Peafowl 3 ex (ON, counts reported for individual species (ON, Kleinburg 92, Pickering 91), Kettle Point 107), Ruffed Grouse 149 and forms in Canada since the Muscovy Duck 7 ex (ON, Kleinburg (ON, Algonquin P.P. 107), Greater Sage- Christmas Bird Count began in 1900. A 93), Wood Duck 749 (BC, Chilliwack Grouse 106 (SK, Govenlock 80), Spruce total of 420 species has been reported 108), Mandarin Duck 7 ex (BC, Grouse 37 (MB, Riding Mountain N.P. during that period, plus 14 exotics Vancouver 86 and 88), Gadwall 4536 77), Willow Ptarmigan 476 (NT, (marked “ex” in the list) and 17 addi- (ON, Blenheim 102), Eur. Wigeon 113 Yellowknife 98), Rock Ptarmigan 46 tional forms. For 79 species, these totals (BC, Ladner 107), Am. Wigeon 57,901 (MB, Churchill 98), White-tailed also represent the all-time highs for (BC, Ladner 92), Am. Black Duck Ptarmigan 48 (AB, Bow Summit 90), North America (numbers boldfaced 13,651 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth 103), Dusky Grouse 17 (BC, Penticton 107 below); 8 species have been seen on Mallard 37,045 (BC, Ladner 92), Blue- and Vernon 94), Sooty Grouse 4 (BC, counts only in Canada. Provincially, winged Teal 30 (BC, Nanaimo 68; ON, Pender Islands 97, Port Clements 105, counts from BC have 208 high counts, Fisherville 104), Cinnamon Teal 8 (BC, and Squamish 96), Sharp-tailed Grouse followed by Ontario with 136, and Ladner 83), N. Shoveler 988 (BC, 390 (MB, Lyleton 107), Greater Prairie- Nova Scotia with 90. For individual Duncan 78), N. Pintail 55,070 (BC, Chicken 9 (AB, Calgary 20), Wild count circles, Victoria, BC, is at the top Ladner 92), Am. Green-winged Teal Turkey 592 (ON, Beaverton 108), of the list with 41 all-time highs; Ladner, 23,472 (BC, Ladner 92), Eur. Green- Mountain Quail 9 (BC, Victoria 64), BC, has 37, and Halifax-Dartmouth is winged Teal 10 (NL, St. John’s 99). California Quail 4566 (BC, Penticton in third place with 27 (although if you Canvasback 25,800 (ON, St. Clair 105), N. Bobwhite 128 (ON, West add in the high counts from the older N.W.A. 107), Redhead 20,980 (ON, Elgin 57), Red-throated Loon 1151 Halifax (east) and Halifax (west) counts, Long Point 88), Red-crested Pochard 1 (BC, Tlell 105), Arctic Loon 1 (BC, the total for that city is 44 all-time highs). ex (ON, Ottawa-Gatineau 92), Ring- Duncan 108), Pacific Loon 4437 (BC, I’ve attempted to weed out obvious errors necked Duck 663 (BC, Victoria 92), Campbell River 105), Common Loon in the database, but there may be a few Tufted Duck 34 (NL, St. John’s 110), 618 (BC, Comox 105), Yellow-billed still lurking here. If you see anything Greater Scaup 50,000 (ON, Woodhouse Loon 43 (BC, Hecate Strait 110), Pied- amiss, please let me know. Township 98), Lesser Scaup 15,000 billed Grebe 101 (BC, Ladner 79), Greater White-fronted Goose 338 (ON, Point Pelee 91), King Eider 22 Horned Grebe 1100 (BC, Victoria 67 (BC, Chilliwack 80), Greylag Goose 1 (ON, Hamilton 64), Com. Eider 7528 and 68), Red-necked Grebe 708 (BC, ex (BC, Cortes Island 107, QC, Quebec (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth 97), Harlequin Tlell 105), Eared Grebe 461 (BC, 106), Emperor Goose 2 (BC, Skidegate Duck 886 (BC, Deep Bay 83), Surf Pender Islands 81), W. Grebe 15,174 Inlet 89), Snow Goose (white form) Scoter 11,528 (BC, Vancouver 96), (BC, Deep Bay 84), Clark’s Grebe 2 21,536 (BC, Ladner 101), Snow Goose White-winged Scoter 10,115 (ON, (BC, Lardeau 104 and Sooke 90). (blue form) 64 (ON, St. Clair N.W.A. Prince Edward Point 95), Black Scoter N. Fulmar 1619 (NL, Cape St. Mary’s 85), Snow (Greater) Goose 7 (QC, 1095 (BC, Deep Bay 77), Long-tailed 100), Black-capped Petrel 1 (ON, Wye Chicoutimi-Jonquiere 102), Ross’s Goose Duck 148,326 (ON, Prince Edward Marsh 102), Cory’s Shearwater 1 (NB, 3 (ON, Cedar Creek 108), Brant (nigri- Point 102), Bufflehead 2863 (BC, Cape Tormentine 99), Greater Shearwater cans) 2878 (BC, Ladner 107), Brant Victoria 89), Com. Goldeneye 11,612 10 (NS, Brier Island 103), Buller’s (hrota) 133 (NB, Grand Manan Island (BC, Tlell 105), Barrow’s Goldeneye Shearwater 1 (BC, Hecate Strait 106), 83), Barnacle Goose 1 (QC, Longueuil 3747 (BC, Lower Howe Sound 106), Sooty Shearwater 1238 (BC, Rose Spit 110), Barnacle Goose ex 1 (BC, Duncan Smew 1 (BC, White Rock 90), Hooded 99), Short-tailed Shearwater 81 (BC, 87, ON, Kingston 93 and Pickering 91), Merganser 701 (BC, Victoria 107), Langara Island 100), Fork-tailed Storm- Cackling Goose 1874 (BC, Abbotsford- Com. Merganser 39,640 (ON, Point Petrel 1 (BC, Skidegate Inlet 103), Mission 110), Canada Goose 27,452 Pelee 90), Red-breasted Merganser Leach’s Storm-Petrel 6 (NL, Terra Nova (AB, Calgary 105), Mute Swan 625 16,256 (ON, Point Pelee 107), Ruddy N.P. 75), N. Gannet 596 (NS, Cape (ON, North Shore 103), Trumpeter Duck 11,280 (BC, White Rock 79). Sable Island 100), Am. White Pelican 2 Swan 2939 (BC, Comox 104), Tundra Chukar 193 (BC, Oliver-Osoyoos (ON, St. Catharines 92; SK, Gardiner Swan 6596 (ON, St. Clair N.W.A. 107), 84), Gray Partridge 728 (SK, Regina Dam 108), Brown Pelican 2 (BC, 1 ex (ON, Hamilton 86, 104), Silver Pheasant 7 ex (BC, Nanaimo Victoria 100), Brandt’s Cormorant 4280 Hamilton 96, Hamilton 100, and Port 102), Ring-necked Pheasant 585 (NS, (BC, Sooke 86), Double-crested

116 AMERICAN BIRDS Cormorant 2072 (BC, Nanaimo 97), (NL, Ferryland 101 and St. John’s 84), Halifax-Dartmouth 106), Bonaparte’s Great Cormorant 433 (NS, Halifax Black-bellied Plover 6855 (BC, Ladner Gull 26,187 (ON, Niagara Falls 92), [west] 85), Pelagic Cormorant 3233 105), Am./Pacific Golden-Plover 19 Heermann’s Gull 4 (BC, Pender Islands (BC, Nanaimo 89), Am. Bittern 26 (BC, (BC, Comox 75), Am. Golden-Plover 2 83), Mew Gull 16,375 (BC, Victoria Ladner 106), Great Blue Heron (Blue (BC, Skidegate Inlet 98), Pacific 75), Ring-billed Gull 22,177 (ON, form) 297 (BC, Ladner 102), Great Golden-Plover 3 (BC, Skidegate Inlet Point Pelee 102), California Gull 1007 Egret 2 (NS, Cape Sable Island 109), 101), Semipalmated Plover 6 (BC, Deep (BC, Parksville-Qualicum Beach 103), Snowy Egret 1 (NL, St. John’s 106; NS, Bay 103), Killdeer 427 (BC, Ladner Herring Gull 30,610 (NS, Wolfville 99), Halifax [east] 80), Little Blue Heron 1 102), Black Oystercatcher 371 (BC, Yellow-legged Gull 1 (NL, St. John’s 95, (NS, Yarmouth 100), Cattle Egret 3 Skidegate Inlet 107), Black-necked Stilt 106, 107, 108, and 109), Thayer’s Gull (BC, Ladner 80), Green Heron 5 (BC, 1 (ON, Wallaceburg 102), Am. Avocet 4 3110 (BC, Victoria 104), Iceland Gull Chilliwack 80), Black-crowned Night- (BC, White Rock 98), Spotted Sandpiper 6004 (QC, Tadoussac 93), Kumlien’s Heron 20 (ON, Toronto 107). 6 (BC, Comox 84), Wandering Tattler 1 Gull 3611 (NL, St. John’s 110), Lesser Black Vulture 1 (NS, Brier Island 109; (BC, Skidegate Inlet 99 and Vancouver Black-backed Gull 74 (ON, Barrie 106), ON, Hamilton 88; QC, New-Richmond 64), Greater Yellowlegs 91 (BC, White Slaty-backed Gull 1 (BC, Abbotsford- 99), Turkey Vulture 33 (ON, Fisherville Rock 106), Willet 3 (BC, Ladner 102), Mission 108 and 109, Comox 102, 107), Osprey 3 (BC, Deep Bay 79 and Lesser Yellowlegs 7 (BC, Vancouver 70), Ladner 94, 101, 104, and 108, Nakusp Creston Valley 99), Bald Eagle 2805 Whimbrel 6 (BC, Victoria 63), Eur. 102, Nanaimo 104; NS, Glace Bay (BC, Squamish 94), N. Harrier 162 Whimbrel 1 (NS, Broad Cove 75), 104), W. Gull 121 (BC, Tofino 102), (ON, Fisherville 91), Sharp-shinned Long-billed Curlew 1 (BC, Ladner 80, Glaucous-winged Gull 55,803 (BC, Hawk 41 (SK, Saskatoon 62), Cooper’s White Rock 91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, Ladner 106), Glaucous Gull 1269 (NL, Hawk 62 (BC, Victoria 105), N. 99, 100, 101, 105, 108, and 110; ON, St. Anthony 82), Great Black-backed Goshawk 16 (SK, Squaw Rapids 81), Kingston 96), Black-tailed Godwit 1 Gull 14275 (NL, Corner Brook 98), Red-shouldered Hawk 11 (ON, Point (PE, Prince Edward Island N.P. 99), Sabine’s Gull 1 (BC, Comox 88, Pelee 107), Broad-winged Hawk 2 (NB, Marbled Godwit 6 (BC, White Rock Penticton 105, Salmon Arm 96, and Moncton 92; NS, Bedford-Sackville 108 and 110), Ruddy Turnstone 22 Victoria 64; ON, Eganville 97, Niagara 103; ON, Owen Sound 107; Peel- (NS, Louisbourg 68), Black Turnstone Falls 96,and Oshawa 101), Black-legged Halton Counties 66), Swainson’s Hawk 3560 (BC, Comox 83), Surfbird 510 Kittiwake 48,000 (NS, Brier Island 79), 1 (BC, Deep Bay 80; Pitt Meadows 78, (BC, Nanaimo 103), Red Knot 48 (NS, Ross’s Gull 1 (ON, St. Catharines 95), 79, and 80; ON, Fisherville 97), Red- Cape Sable Island 100), Sanderling 1678 Ivory Gull 17 (NL, L’Anse-aux-Meadows tailed Hawk 345 (ON, Fisherville 94), (BC, Rose Spit 100), Semipalmated 86), Caspian Tern 1 (ON, Hamilton 81, Harlan’s Hawk 3 (BC, Vernon 92), Sandpiper 15 (NS, Cape Sable Island Long Point 92, and Oshawa 93), Black Ferruginous Hawk 6 (AB, Edmonton 103), W. Sandpiper 301 (BC, Ladner Tern 1 (ON, Wiarton 92), Com. Tern 5 7), Rough-legged Hawk 195 (ON, 108), Least Sandpiper 42 (BC, Ladner (BC, Surrey Municipality 62), Forster’s Kingston 75), Golden Eagle 14 (SK, 102), White-rumped Sandpiper 5 (NS, Tern 2 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth 103; Fort Walsh 88), Am. Cape Sable Island 100), Baird’s ON, Blenheim 102), Great Skua 1 (NS, Kestrel 154 (ON, Fisherville 92), Merlin Sandpiper 1 (ON, Blenheim 72 and Brier Island 93), Pomarine Jaeger 1 (NS, 41 (AB, Edmonton 87), Gyrfalcon 6 Long Point 92), Pectoral Sandpiper 3 Brier Island 94, 101, 103, 107, and 110; (NL, St. Anthony 83), Peregrine Falcon (BC, Nanaimo 79), Purple Sandpiper ON, Blenheim 109, Hamilton 99, 29 (BC, Ladner 110), Prairie Falcon 8 430 (NB, Grand Manan Island 89), Kingston 92, Oshawa 101, and St. (AB, Nanton 110). Rock Sandpiper 193 (BC, Greater Catharines 93 and 109), Parasitic Jaeger Clapper Rail 1 (NS, Broad Cove 74 Masset 88), Dunlin 84,773 (BC, Ladner 1 (BC, White Rock 78; NS, Cape Sable and 77), King Rail 1 (ON, Long Point 103), Ruff 1 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth Island 101; NS, Louisbourg 103; ON, 77), Virginia Rail 39 (BC, Vancouver 103), Short-billed Dowitcher 68 (BC, Niagara Falls 89). 85), Sora 3 (BC, Vaseux Lake 100), Vancouver 70), Long-billed Dowitcher Dovekie 73,668 (NL, L’Anse-aux- Purple Gallinule 1 (NS, Port L’Hebert 683 (BC, Ladner 76), Jack Snipe 1 (BC, Meadows 85), Com. Murre 10940 (BC, 94), Com. Moorhen 1 (NL, St. John’s Greater Masset 110), Wilson’s Snipe 151 Campbell River 95), Thick-billed Murre 99; NS, Halifax [east] 81; ON, Blenheim (BC, Vancouver 82), Am. Woodcock 5 51,050 (NL, L’Anse-aux-Meadows 85), 71, Hamilton 48 and 93, Long Point 73, (ON, Prince Edward Point 105), Red- Razorbill 15,000 (NB, Grand Manan Oshawa 80, Ottawa-Gatineau 106, necked Phalarope 1 (NS, Louisbourg Island 99), Black Guillemot 1009 (QC, Point Pelee 79 and 81, Prince Edward and Cape Breton 73), Red Phalarope Forillon N.P. 104), Pigeon Guillemot Point 80; QC, Longueuil 98 and Sorel- 560 (BC, Sooke 103). 260 (BC, Victoria 66), Marbled Tracy 110), Am. Coot 8202 (ON, Laughing Gull 2 (NS, Halifax [east] Murrelet 2125 (BC, Ladner 76), Blenheim 102), Sandhill Crane 265 69), Little Gull 117 (ON, Long Point Kittlitz’s Murrelet 1 (BC, Victoria 86), (ON, Long Point 108), N. Lapwing 1 92), Black-headed Gull 365 (NS, Ancient Murrelet 6401 (BC, Victoria

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 117 74), Cassin’s Auklet 1398 (BC, Rose Spit Flicker 102 (NL, St. John’s 108), Pileated Chestnut-backed Chickadee 2312 (BC, 96), Rhinoceros Auklet 113 (BC, Woodpecker 57 (AB, Edmonton 108). Victoria 100), Boreal Chickadee 371 Victoria 100), Atlantic Puffin 200 (NS, Gray Flycatcher 1 (ON, Fisherville (NL, Terra Nova N.P. 85), Tufted Brier Island 91), Tufted Puffin 2 (BC, 104), Dusky Flycatcher 1 (NS, Wolfville Titmouse 70 (ON, Wallaceburg 104), Victoria 66), Rock Pigeon 18,020 (BC, 97), E. Phoebe 3 (ON, Point Pelee 98, Bushtit 2522 (BC, Victoria 100), Red- Vancouver 102), Band-tailed Pigeon St. Clair N.W.A. 103, and St. Thomas breasted Nuthatch 1384 (ON, 449 (BC, Pender Islands 79), Ringed 103), Say’s Phoebe 2 (BC, Oliver- Algonquin P.P. 79), White-breasted Turtle-Dove 10 ex (NS, Kingston 88), Osoyoos 98,106, 107, and 109; BC, Nuthatch 516 (MB, Winnipeg 102), Eur. Collared-Dove 174 (BC, Cawston Penticton 77), Ash-throated Flycatcher Pygmy Nuthatch 515 (BC, Penticton 106), White-winged Dove 2 (NS, Cape 1 (BC, Ladner 101; NB, Sackville 102), 90), Brown Creeper 277 (ON, Point Sable Island 110), Mourning Dove 2443 W. Kingbird 1 (BC, Deep Bay 93 and Pelee 78), Rock Wren 6 (BC, Vaseux (ON, Cedar Creek 106), Budgerigar 1 ex Victoria 64; NS, Cape Sable Island 74, Lake 101), Canyon Wren 25 (BC, (ON, Ottawa-Gatineau 93), Cockatiel 1 Halifax-Dartmouth 95 and 109, and Oliver-Osoyoos 96 and 106; Vaseux ex (ON, Ottawa-Gatineau 101), Rose- Halifax [west] 85), E. Kingbird 1 (NS, Lake 104), Carolina Wren 90 (ON, ringed Parakeet 1 ex (ON, Oshawa 90). Halifax [east] 75 and Yarmouth 74; ON, Fisherville 105), Bewick’s Wren 335 Barn Owl 49 (BC, Vancouver 78), W. Kitchener 93), Loggerhead Shrike 2 (BC, Victoria 107), House Wren 4 (BC, Screech-Owl 23 (BC, Victoria 92), E. (BC, Terrace 66; ON, Carden Alvar 100, Nanaimo 80; ON, Thousand Islands Screech-Owl 141 (ON, Fisherville 100), St. Thomas 61, and Vankleek Hill 78), 95), Winter Wren 569 (BC, Victoria Great Horned Owl 80 (ON, Cambridge N. Shrike 51 (ON, Oshawa 96), White- 102), Sedge Wren 1 (NS, Broad Cove 87), Snowy Owl 107 (BC, Ladner 74), eyed Vireo 1 (NL, Cape St. Mary’s 102; 77; ON, Point Pelee 102), Marsh Wren N. Hawk Owl 40 (AB, Opal 105), N. NS, Port L’Hebert 94; ON, Long Point 136 (BC, Ladner 104), Am. Dipper 149 Pygmy-Owl 17 (BC, Vernon 78 and 99 and 109, Prince Edward Point 103, (BC, Lillooet 103), Golden-crowned Creston Valley 104), Burrowing Owl 1 Pickering 85, Point Pelee 92, 94, and 95, Kinglet 4000 (BC, Victoria 70), Ruby- (BC, Abbotsford-Mission 105 and and Toronto 105), Plumbeous Vireo 1 crowned Kinglet 402 (BC, Victoria, Comox 64), Barred Owl 17 (NS, West (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth 100), Blue- 105), Blue-gray Gnatcatcher 1 (NL, St. Hants 100), Great Gray Owl 24 (MB, headed Vireo 1 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth John’s 86; NS, Halifax [west] 85; ON, Pinawa-Lac du Bonnet 101), Long- 95, 96, 99; ON, Long Point 95), Point Pelee 83, Cambridge 85, eared Owl 65 (ON, Hamilton 61), Solitary Vireo 1 (NS, Halifax [east] 85, Fisherville 104, Long Point 91, 98, 100, Short-eared Owl 106 (ON, Fisherville Halifax [west] 85), Hutton’s Vireo 18 and 105, and Peel-Halton Counties 94). 96), Boreal Owl 8 (AB, Edmonton 105 (BC, Pender Islands 106), Gray Jay 185 Northern Wheatear 1 (NL, St. and Cochrane Wildlife Reserve 103), N. (AB, Cochrane Wildlife Reserve 96), Anthony 75 and Terra Nova N.P. Saw-whet Owl 52 (BC, Vaseux Lake 106), Steller’s Jay 659 (BC, Victoria 93), Blue [north] 91), E. Bluebird 149 (ON, Xantus’s Hummingbird 1 (BC, Sunshine Jay 1598 (AB, Edmonton 89), W. Cedar Creek 99), W. Bluebird 226 (BC, Coast 98), Anna’s Hummingbird 556 Scrub-Jay 1 (BC, Chilliwack 106, Penticton 104), Mountain Bluebird 12 (BC, Victoria 110), Rufous Hummingbird Ladner 104, Pitt Meadows 102 and 110, (BC, Penticton 81), Townsend’s Solitaire 2 (BC, Parksville-Qualicum Beach 99), Sunshine Coast 110, Squamish 105, and 69 (BC, Lillooet 110), Veery 1 (ON, Belted Kingfisher 71 (BC, Victoria 90), Vancouver 94), Clark’s Nutcracker 277 Toronto 93), Gray-cheeked Thrush 1 Lewis’s Woodpecker 25 (BC, Penticton (AB, Banff-Canmore 79), Black-billed (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth 104; ON, 75), Red-headed Woodpecker 114 (ON, Magpie 3374 (AB, Edmonton 102), Kingston 78), Swainson’s Thrush 1 (BC, Blenheim 84), Red-bellied Woodpecker Eur. Jackdaw 1 (NL, St. John’s 95; NS, Campbell River 105, Duncan 80, 81 (ON, St. Thomas 110), Red-breasted Halifax [west] 85, 89, and 90), Am. Kelowna 108, Ladner 98, Nanaimo 78, Sapsucker 101 (BC, Sunshine Coast Crow 159,860 (ON, St. Clair N.W.A. Pender Islands 79, Shuswap Lake P.P. 109), Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 4 (ON, 100), Northwestern Crow 35,365 (BC, 89, Vancouver 76, and Victoria 62 and London 81, Niagara Falls 72), Red-naped Vancouver 110), Com. Raven 2091 69; NS, Apple River 103 and Cape Sable Sapsucker 2 (BC, Creston 91), Downy (NT, Yellowknife 110). Island 102; ON, Blenheim 81, Cedar Woodpecker 444 (AB, Edmonton 104), Sky Lark 960 (BC, Victoria 66), Creek 90, Guelph 100, Hamilton 77, Hairy Woodpecker 235 (ON, North Bay Horned Lark 6012 (ON, Blenheim 86), Kincardine 105, Long Point 93, 100 and 102), White-headed Woodpecker Tree Swallow 7 (NS, Halifax [east] 70), Mindemoya 95, Ottawa-Gatineau 85, 1 (BC, Oliver-Osoyoos 85, 87, and 91, Violet-green Swallow 4 (BC, Comox Point Pelee 99, St. Thomas 79 and 81 Penticton 88 and 97, Vaseux Lake 76, 78, 20), N. Rough-winged Swallow 2 (ON, and Toronto 99 and 102), Hermit 85, and 90), Am. Three-toed Woodpecker London 80), Cliff Swallow 2 (BC, Thrush 51 (BC, Victoria 106), Wood 29 (ON, Ottawa-Gatineau 77), Black- Vancouver 92), Barn Swallow 5 (ON, Thrush 1 (MB, Winnipeg 85), Dusky backed Woodpecker 35 (ON, Algonquin Sutton 104), Black-capped Chickadee Thrush 1 (BC, White Rock 93), P.P. 107), N. (Red-shafted) Flicker 599 5096 (AB, Edmonton 94), Mountain Fieldfare 1 (BC, Pitt Meadows 104; NL, (BC, Victoria 110), N. (Yellow-shafted) Chickadee 519 (BC, Penticton 87), St. John’s 92), Redwing 1 (NB,

118 AMERICAN BIRDS Riverside-Albert 101; NL, Ferryland John’s 94; NS, Halifax-Dartmouth 100), Sparrow 10 (NS, Halifax [east] 80). 99), Am. Robin 14,327 (BC, Victoria Ovenbird 1 (NL, St. John’s 91 and 109; Grasshopper Sparrow 1 (NL, Cape 96), Varied Thrush 1212 (BC, Vancouver NS, Bedford-Sackville 102 and Halifax- Race 85 and 91, and Ferryland 93 and 84), Gray Catbird 16 (NS, Halifax- Dartmouth 100; ON, Kingston 84, 102; NS, Cape Breton Highlands N.P. Dartmouth 106), N. Mockingbird 159 Hamilton 66 and 97, Kitchener 105, 72, Broad Cove 72, Economy 95, (ON, Niagara Falls 90), Sage Thrasher 1 London 101, Mindemoya 84, Ottawa- Halifax-Dartmouth 110, Halifax [east] (ON, Blenheim 109), Brown Thrasher 5 Gatineau 91, 93, and 99, Peel-Halton 66 and 80, and Lunenburg 102; ON, (ON, Hamilton 71), Curve-billed Counties 91, and Toronto 107; PE, Fisherville 104 and Ottawa-Gatineau Thrasher 1 (SK, Dalmeny-Langham 107). Hillsborough 97; QC, Longueuil 99), 94), Baird’s Sparrow 1 (BC, Nanaimo Eur. Starling 254,068 (BC, Vancouver N. Waterthrush 2 (ON, Long Point 74), 95), Le Conte’s Sparrow 1 (NS, 65), Crested Myna 1632 (BC, Vancouver MacGillivray’s Warbler 1 (BC, Terrace Wolfville 109; ON, Kingston 106), 61), Red-throated Pipit 1 (BC, Ladner 103, Vancouver 101, and Victoria 68), Nelson’s Sparrow 20 (NS, Halifax [east] 91), Am. Pipit 310 (BC, Ladner 63), Com. Yellowthroat 15 (ON, Long Point 88), Seaside Sparrow 2 (NS, Halifax Bohemian Waxwing 35,298 (AB, 76), Hooded Warbler 1 (BC, Duncan [east] 80), Fox Sparrow 923 (BC, Edmonton 106), Cedar Waxwing 1406 103; NS, Halifax [west] 77), Wilson’s Victoria 109), Eastern Fox Sparrow 3 (NL, St. John’s 96), Blue-winged Warbler 2 (NL, Corner Brook 102), (ON, Fisherville 101), Song Sparrow Warbler 1 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth Yellow-breasted Chat 15 (NS, Halifax- 7819 (BC, Ladner 102), Lincoln’s 102), Orange-crowned Warbler 10 (NS, Dartmouth 100). Sparrow 89 (BC, Victoria 105), Swamp Halifax-Dartmouth 97), Nashville Summer Tanager 1 (NS, Halifax- Sparrow 559 (ON, Long Point 85), Warbler 3 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth Dartmouth 109; ON, Deep River 102, White-throated Sparrow 1044 (NS, 100), N. Parula 1 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth Kingston 97, Kitchener 92 and 104 and Broad Cove 77), Harris’s Sparrow 11 105; ON, Ottawa-Gatineau 94), Yellow Port Hope-Cobourg 99; QC, Lennoxville (BC, Vernon 86), White-crowned Warbler 2 (BC, Vancouver 77), 110 and Longueuil 99), W. Tanager 1 Sparrow 774 (BC, Ladner 76), Golden- Magnolia Warbler 1 (NS, Cape Sable (BC, Prince George 106, Vancouver 90 crowned Sparrow 1331 (BC, Victoria Island 104, Halifax [west] 74, and and 98, and Victoria 63, 97, and 105; 109), Dark-eyed (Gray-headed) Junco 1 White Point 103), Cape May Warbler 1 NS, Strait of Canso 106; ON, Peel-Halton (MB, Winnipeg 85 and 100), Dark-eyed (AB, Calgary 88; BC, Nakusp 106; MB, Counties 100 and Port Hope-Cobourg (Oregon) Junco 8823 (BC, Victoria Selkirk 98; NL, St. John’s 94; NS, 74), Red-crested Cardinal 1 ex (QC, 100), Dark-eyed (Pink-sided) Junco 2 Wolfville 106; ON, Cambridge 92, Trois-Rivieres 85), Green-tailed Towhee (ON, London 108), Dark-eyed (Slate- Point Pelee 92, and Thunder Bay 102), 1 (AB, Jasper 110; BC, Comox 85; QC, colored) Junco 3214 (ON, Long Point Black-throated Blue Warbler 2 (ON, Longueuil 107), Spotted Towhee 1099 108), Dark-eyed (White-winged) Junco Toronto 109), Yellow-rumped (Audubon’s) (BC, Victoria 110), E. Towhee 21 (ON, 1 (BC, Duncan 89; ON, Hamilton 65), Warbler 87 (BC, Vancouver 79), Yellow- St. Thomas 56), Am. Tree Sparrow 4500 McCown’s Longspur 1 (SK, Govenlock rumped (Myrtle) Warbler 243 (NS, (ON, Long Point 68), Chipping 83), Lapland Longspur 550 (ON, Cape Sable Island 98), Black-throated Sparrow 83 (ON, Cedar Creek 106), Kingston 97), Smith’s Longspur 2 (AB, Gray Warbler 1 (BC, White Rock 87; Clay-colored Sparrow 1 (BC, Ladner 83; Nanton 103), Little Bunting 1 (BC, NS, Halifax [west] 85; ON, Port MB, Brandon 105 and Winnipeg 102; Greater Masset 109), Rustic Bunting 1 Burwell-Vienna 108; QC, Longueuil NB, Sackville 99 and 106; NL, (SK, Creighton 110), Snow Bunting 97 and Montreal 107; NS, White Point Ferryland 98 and St. John’s 84, 85, 97, 33,935 (SK, Raymore 83), McKay’s 105; ON, Kettle Point 83 and Ottawa- 98, 14, 105, and 110; NS, West Hants Bunting 2 (BC, Vancouver 105). Gatineau 85), Townsend’s Warbler 15 91, Cape Sable Island 106, Halifax- N. Cardinal 870 (ON, London 109), (BC, Sooke 106), Hermit Warbler 1 Dartmouth 109, Wolfville 92 and 108, Pyrrhuloxia 1 (ON, West Elgin 105), (NS, Broad Cove 95), Yellow-throated and White Point 110), Field Sparrow Rose-breasted Grosbeak 3 (NB, St. Warbler 2 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth 140 (ON, St. Thomas 69), Vesper Stephen 106), Black-headed Grosbeak 1 102), Pine Warbler 14 (NS, Halifax- Sparrow 12 (ON, St. Thomas 60), Lark (BC, Chilliwack 73 and 109, Dartmouth 100), Prairie Warbler 1 (BC, Sparrow 1 (NB, Sackville 90; NL, Cape Abbotsford-Mission 102, Kelowna 99, Greater Masset 94; NL, Ferryland 99 Race 93; NS, Antigonish 102, Cape Nanaimo 105, and Pemberton-Mt. and St. John’s 94; NS, Halifax- Sable Island 103, Glace Bay 106, Currie 105; ON, Hamilton 74, Kettle Dartmouth 94 and Halifax [east] 84), Halifax-Dartmouth 96, 102, 104, and Point 105, and Pakenham-Arnprior Palm Warbler 15 (NS, Halifax [east] 109, Halifax [east] 86, Lunenburg 102 104), Blue Grosbeak 1 (QC, Quebec 90; 88), Bay-breasted Warbler 1 (NS, Cape and 109, Port L’Hebert 91, and Strait of NB, Fredericton 106), Indigo Bunting 2 Sable Island 99 and 103), Blackpoll Canso 97; ON, Moscow 86 and Niagara (ON, Meaford 73), Painted Bunting 1 Warbler 1 (NS, Cape Sable Island 98 Falls 105), Lark Bunting 1 (NS, Halifax (NB, Grand Manan Island 109; NS, and 105 and Halifax-Dartmouth 102), [east] 60), Savannah Sparrow 112 (BC, Halifax-Dartmouth 109 and Louisbourg Black-and-white Warbler 4 (NL, St. Victoria 100), Savannah (Ipswich) 97; ON, Toronto 79), Dickcissel 4 (NS,

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 119 St. Peters 70, Louisbourg 98, and Strait Terrace 98), Bullock’s Oriole 1 (BC, Finch 312 (BC, Vaseux Lake 89), of Canso 106), Bobolink 1 (NS, Halifax Kelowna 92 and 96, and Parksville- House Finch 3020 (ON, St. Thomas [east] 74), Red-winged Blackbird Qualicum Beach 107; NL, St. John’s 89), Red Crossbill 3527 (ON, 10,278 (ON, Long Point 110), E. 108; NS, Strait of Canso 92, Halifax- Algonquin P.P. 95), White-winged Meadowlark 249 (ON, St. Thomas 73), Dartmouth 101, and Halifax [west] 70; Crossbill 8728 (ON, Algonquin P.P. W. Meadowlark 189 (BC, Ladner 110), ON, Woodhouse 81 and Dryden 102; 85), Com. Redpoll 14159 (NB, Cape Yellow-headed Blackbird 3 (NS, QC, Quebec 97), Baltimore Oriole 28 Tormentine 92), Hoary Redpoll 340 Kingston 93), Rusty Blackbird 575 (NS, Halifax-Dartmouth 109). (SK, Regina 72), Pine Siskin 10,420 (ON, Blenheim 85), Brewer’s Blackbird Common Chaffinch 1 (NS, Bedford- (BC, Parksville-Qualicum Beach 104), 6217 (BC, Ladner 61), Com. Grackle Sackville 102; NS, Halifax [west] 89), Am. Goldfinch 2696 (NS, Wolfville 4400 (ON, Wallaceburg 102), Great- Brambling 3 (BC, Port Clements 106), 92), Eur. Goldfinch 2 ex (QC, tailed Grackle 1 (BC, Kelowna 102 and Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch 600 (BC, Longueuil 108), Evening Grosbeak 103, Vernon 94; ON, Long Point 89), Penticton 87), Pine Grosbeak 1847 2621 (ON, Ottawa-Gatineau 73), Brown-headed Cowbird 30,000 (ON, (NL St. Anthony’s 75), Purple Finch House Sparrow 23761 (MB, Winnipeg Guelph 76), Hooded Oriole 1 (BC, 1845 (NS, Broad Cove 92), Cassin’s 90).

A Summary of Christmas Bird Counts in Latin America, the Caribbean, and Bermuda continued from page 23

Of potentially more interest are the Literature Cited Link, W. A., J. R. Sauer, D. K. Niven. 2006. A hierarchi- patterns we find among neotropical Butcher, G. S. 1990. Audubon Christmas Bird Count. cal model for regional analysis of population migrant species that do not have resi- In: Sauer, J. A. & S. Droege (eds.): Survey designs change using Christmas Bird Count data, with dent populations south of the U.S. and statistical methods for the estimation of avian application to the American Black Duck. Condor These are the species for which the U.S. population trends. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 108: 13-24 and Canada bear most of the conserva- 90(1): 5-13. Martin, T. E., and D. M. Finch. 1995. Ecology and tion responsibility during the breeding Butcher, G. S. and C. E. McCulloch. 1990. Influence of Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds: A season, whereas their survival depends observer effort on the number of individual birds Synthesis and Review of Critical Issues. Oxford upon the conservation of south recorded on Christmas Bird Counts. In: Sauer, J. A. University Press, New York. & S. Droege (eds.): Survey designs and statistical of the U.S. during the nonbreeding sea- NABCI (North American Bird Conservation Initiative). methods for the estimation of avian population trends. son. This will be the subject of a separate 2009. State of the Birds United States of America U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 90(1): 120-129. paper in progress. We have good abun- 2009. U.S. Department of Interior, Washington D.C., Faaborg, J., R. T. Holmes, A. D. Anders, K. L. Bildstein, K. dance and trend information for many 36 pp. M. Dugger, S. A. Gauthreaux Jr., P. Heglund, K. A. NABCI (North American Bird Conservation Initiative). of these species on their breeding Hobson, A. E. Jahn, D. H. Johnson, S. C. Latta, D. J. 2010. The State of the Birds 2010 Report on Climate grounds as a result of the U.S. Levey, P. P. Marra, C. L. Merkord, E. Nol, S. I. Change, United States of America. U.S. Department of Geological Survey Breeding Bird Survey Rothstein, T. W. Sherry, T. S. Sillett, F. R. Thompson III, the Interior: Washington, DC. Available from: (Sauer et al 2008). And although we and N. Warnock. 2010a. Conserving migratory land http://www.stateofthebirds.org/pdf_files/State have relatively good information about birds in the New World: Do we know enough? %20of%20the%20Birds_FINAL.pdf. the general nonbreeding distribution of Ecological Applications 20 (2) 398-418. 2010. National Audubon Society. 1973. The Seventy-third these species (Rappole et al. 1983, Faaborg, J., R. T. Holmes, A. D. Anders, K. L. Bildstein, K. Christmas Bird Count. American Birds 27(2): 135-138. Rappole et al. 1995), no survey exists M. Dugger, S. A. Gauthreaux Jr., P. Heglund, K. A. that is sufficient to estimate rangewide Hobson, A. E. Jahn, D. H. Johnson, S. C. Latta, D. J. Niven, D. K., G. S. Butcher, and G. T. Bancroft. 2009. population trends on their wintering Levey, P. P. Marra, C. L. Merkord, E. Nol, S. I. Christmas Bird Counts and climate change: north- grounds. The CBC may eventually be Rothstein, T. W. Sherry, T. S. Sillett, F. R. Thompson III, ward shifts in early winter abundance. American able to meet this need, but until that and N. Warnock. 2010b. Recent advances in under- Birds 63: 10-15. time there is still much to be learned by standing migration systems of New World land birds. Rappole, J. H., E. S. Morton, T. E. Lovejoy, III, and J. L. mining the CBC database. Ecological Monographs 80 (1) 3-48. 2010. Ruos. 1983. Nearctic Avian Migrants in the Neotropics. Hagan, J. W., and D. W. Johnston. 1992. Ecology and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. Rappole, J. H., E. S. Morton, T. H. Lovejoy III, and J. L. Acknowledgments conservation of neotropical migrant landbirds. Ruos. 1995. Nearctic Avian Migrants in the Neotropics, Thanks to all the count participants, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 2nd. Ed. Smithsonian Institution, Front Royal, VA. count compilers, and regional editors for 609 pp. Keast, A., and E. S. Morton. 1980. Migrant birds in the Sauer, J. R., J. E. Hines, and J. Fallon. 2008. The North their work in submitting these data. Neotropics: Ecology, behavior, distribution, and con- American Breeding Bird Survey, Results and Thanks to U.S. Fish and Wildlife servation. Smithsonian Inst. Press, Washington, D.C. Analysis 1966-2007. Version 5.15.2008. USGS Service for a grant to complete data LeBaron, G. S. 2010. Online bibliography Christmas Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD. entry for these counts and to Bill Howe, Bird Count Bibliography of Scientific Articles. Available Sauer, J. R., D. K. Niven, and W. A. Link. 2004. Stephanie Jones, and Steve Lewis for from: http://birds.audubon.org/christmas-bird- Statistical analyses make the Christmas Bird Count advocating for this project within the count-bibliography-scientific-articles. relevant for conservation. American Birds 58: 21-25. Fish and Wildlife Service.

120 AMERICAN BIRDS All-time Highest Counts of Individual Species on United States CBCs Brent Ortego 2805 North Navarro, Suite 600B, Victoria, TX 77901; [email protected]

This summary covers 110 years of Statewise, California maintained its 103), Snow (white form) Goose 380,000 Christmas Bird Counts in the United first place with all-time highs for 161 (KS, Quivira N.W.R. 103), Snow (blue States. My predecessor, Burt Monroe, species and 15 infraspecific forms, fol- form) Goose 237,270 (LA, Crowley 90), summarized the all-time highs (ATHs) for lowed closely by Texas with 154 species Snow (Greater) Goose 15,000 (VA, Back CBCs for the first time in 1973 and 1986 and 7 forms. Hawaii had 117 and 10, Bay N.W.R. 46), Ross’s Goose 65,000 and reported 726 species. Since then there Florida 115 and 5, Arizona 85 and 5, (CA, Peace Valley 83), Ross’s (blue form) has been a considerable amount of split- Alaska 41 and 2, Louisiana 34 and 2, Goose 1 (CA, China Lake 106, 109, Peace ting of species and the addition of much Massachusetts 24 and 2, North Carolina Valley 100, 107, Salton Sea [south] 97, new talent, along with better gear entering 18 and 2, Oregon 18 species, Washington Tule Lake 85; CO, Rocky Ford 102; KY, the birding field. I summarized the results with 16 and 3, and New York and Bowling Green 101; MD, Denton 100; in 2000 and reported 823 species and 45 Virginia with 13 and one each. TX, McNary 107), Brant (hrota) 140,000 infraspecific forms. With the completion The top 20 count localities have been (NJ, Oceanville 56, 57), Brant (nigricans) of the 110th CBC, we now have logged responsible for at least nine ATHs each, as 27,927 (WA, Padilla Bay 92), Barnacle 857 species, 66 infraspecific forms, and follows: 34 species and one form at Goose 2 (OK, Tishomingo N.W.R. 80), 62 exotics. These records come from 45 Honolulu, HI; 26 species and two at Coot Cackling Goose 215,000 (CA, Sacramento states and 477 CBCs. Bay, FL; 22 species at Anzalduas-Bentsen, N.W.R. 50), Cackling (Aleutian) Goose Records occur as the number and skills TX; 21 species at Santa Ana, TX; 19 and 34,000 (CA, Caswell-Westley 100), of observers, coordinated efforts, access to one at Fort Lauderdale, FL; 18 and one at Canada Goose 381,200 (KS, Quivira land, and environmental and biological Orange Co. (coastal); CA, 16 species at N.W.R. 98), Hawaiian Goose 261 (HI, forces merge to produce the “Best” results. Freeport, TX; 14 and one at Laguna Kaua’i: Kapa’a 110), Mute Swan 2292 However, records are fleeting and general- Atascosa N.W.R., TX; 13 and 2 at (MI, Rockwood 105), Black Swan 6 ex ly will be broken. A testimony to this is Nogales, AZ; 12 species at Matagorda (TX, Austin 96), Trumpeter Swan 2791 that most records are stacked closest to County-Mad Island Marsh, TX; 11 and (WA, Skagit Bay 110), Tundra Swan today, with the fewest at the start of CBC one at Laysan Island, HI; 10 and 5 at San 53,366 (NC, Pettigrew S.P. 109), Bewick’s history. Records occurring within 10-year Diego, CA; 10 species at Atascosa Swan 8 (CA, Marysville 108), Whooper increments of CBCs are as follows: 100th Highlands, AZ, and Cocoa, FL; 9 and 3 at Swan 4 (AK, Adak 75), Whooper Swan 13 to 110th = 29 percent, 91st to 100th = 20 Volcano, HI; 9 and one at Monterey ex (MA, Newburyport 99). percent, 81st to 90th = 19 percent, 71st to Peninsula and Santa Barbara, CA; and 9 Ruddy Shelduck 4 ex (FL, W. Volusia 80th = 16 percent, 61st to 70th = 9 per- species at Patagonia and Tucson Valley, Co. 102, 103), Com. Shelduck 1 ex (NH, cent, and prior to the 60th = 7 percent. AZ, and Point Reyes Peninsula, CA. Laconia-New Hampton 76; OH, Salem The real interesting ones are the 95 The format for listing is as follows: 84), Muscovy Duck 440 (FL, Naples records that are older than 50 years. Each species name followed by number of indi- 109), Wood Duck 7525 (LA, Claiborne of these is boldfaced. viduals; (within parenthesis, state name 106), Mandarin Duck 23 ex (CA, These records are the history of people followed by CBC name and count(s) in Sonoma Valley 106), Gadwall 100,630 trying to survey the early winter avifau- which results were obtained; states are (CA, Peace Valley 94), Falcated Duck 1 na—those with a quest to bring separated by semicolon and multiple (CA, Honey Lake 103; OR, Eugene 105), recognition to their area and themselves, a CBCs within a state by a comma). Eur. Wigeon 112 (WA, Padilla Bay 109), zest for counting birds because “that is Seasons for records greater than 50 years Am. Wigeon 455,000 (CA, Peace Valley what birders do,” and the actual conspic- will be boldfaced. 80), Am. Black Duck 36,000 (NJ, uousness and status of birds within the Black-bellied Whistling-Duck 8893 Oceanville 66), Mallard 879,000 (AR, St. confines of CBCs. As you read the sum- (TX, Weslaco 106), Fulvous Whistling- Charles 56), Mallard (Mexican Duck) maries of these records, try to visualize the Duck 2100 (FL, STA5-Clewiston 110), 267 (AZ, Ramsey Canyon 105), Mottled conditions needed to produce the results. Egyptian Goose 37 ex (CA, Orange Co. Duck 2137 (TX, Laguna Atascosa N.W.R. What was it like to find 89 Heath Hens at [coastal] 108; FL, Dade Co. 109), Swan 100), Mottled (Florida) Duck 910 (FL, Edgartown, MA, during the ninth, 4 Goose 8 ex (FL, Kendall Area 110), Bean West Palm Beach 69), Hawaiian Duck Ivory-billed Woodpeckers at Tallulah, LA, Goose 3 (AK, Shemya Is. 108), Pink-foot- 552 (HI, Kaua’i: Kapa’a 109), Laysan during the 34th, 25 Dusky Seaside ed Goose 1 (DE, Bombay Hook N.W.R. Duck 483 (HI, Laysan Is. 105), Blue- Sparrows at Titusville, FL, during the 54; NY, L.I.: Montauk 108), Greater winged Teal 8525 (FL, Myakka River S.P. 36th, 8 Oahu Alauahio at Honolulu, HI, White-fronted Goose 350,000 (KS, 82), Cinnamon Teal 2836 (CA, during the 41st, two million Northern Quivira N.W.R. 105), Lesser White- Sacramento 109), N. Shoveler 128,088 Pintails at Sacramento Refuge, CA, dur- fronted Goose 1 (OH, Tiffin 94; PA, (CA, Peace Valley 107), N. Pintail ing the 45th, or more than 100 million Pittsburgh 78), Greylag Goose 19 ex (FL, 2,310,700 (CA, Sacramento Refuge 45), birds at Pine Prairie, LA, during the 87th Bay Co. 108), Bar-headed Goose 1 ex Baikal Teal 1 (CA, La Purisima 106), counts? These situations may never occur (CA, Long beach-El Dorado 109; IL, White-cheeked Pintail 1 (TX, Laguna again. They, along with all of the other Crab Orchard N.W.R. 62, and Middle Atascosa N.W.R. 79), White-cheeked records, were assuredly unique and spe- Fork River Valley 88), Emperor Goose Pintail 18 ex (KS, Byron Walker Wildlife cial. Spend some time contemplating how 3273 (AK, Izembek N.W.R.105), Snow Area 77), Garganey 2 (HI, Hawai’i: North they were produced. Goose 400,000 (KS, Quivira N.W.R. Kona 89, O’ahu: Waipi’o 91), Green-winged

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 121 (Am.) Teal 96,239 (CA, Los Baños 91), 69), Spruce Grouse 27 (AK, Anchorage Crystal Springs 86), Sooty Shearwater Green-winged (Eur.) Teal 404 (AK, 96), Willow Ptarmigan 1023 (AK, 1500 (OR, Tilamook Bay 50), Short- Amchitka Is. 80). Sanningaruq 89), Rock Ptarmigan 114 tailed Shearwater 312 (CA, Del Norte Co. Canvasback 91,000 (MD, Susquehanna (AK, Unalaska Is. 108), White-tailed 87), Christmas Shearwater 2 (HI, Johnson Flats-Sassafras River 53), Redhead Ptarmigan 28 (CO, Rocky Mountain N.P. Atoll N.W.R. 100), Manx Shearwater 555,157 (TX, Laguna Atascosa N.W.R. 68), Sooty Grouse 28 (OR, Cottage Grove 1500 (CA, Orange Co. [coastal] 82), 54), Red-crested Pochard 2 ex (FL, 76), Dusky Grouse 17 (WY, Casper 80), Newell’s Shearwater cw (HI, Kaua’i: Jonathan Dickinson S.P. 104; LA, New Sharp-tailed Grouse 852 (SD, Pierre 52), Kapa’a 75, 80 and Kaua’i: Lihu’e 74), Orleans 106), Ring-necked Duck 82,500 Greater Prairie-Chicken 322 (NE, Black-vented Shearwater 10,233 (CA, (LA, Catahoula N.W.R. 87), Tufted Duck Calamus-Loup 95), Greater (Attwater’s) Thousand Oaks 110), Audubon’s 19 (AK, Adak 94), Greater Scaup 57,529 Prairie-Chicken 38 (TX, Attwater Prairie Shearwater 8 (FL, Biscayne N.P. 88), (NY, L.I.: Queens 54), Lesser Scaup Chicken N.W.R. 104), Greater (Heath Slender-billed Shearwater 1 (CA, San 500,000 (FL, Cocoa 109), Steller’s Eider Hen) Prairie-Chicken 95 QN (MA, Diego 56), Short-tailed Shearwater/Sooty 5858 (AK, Izembek N.W.R. 82), Edgartown 9), Lesser Prairie-Chicken 443 Shearwater 430 (CA, Monterey Pen. 110), Spectacled Eider 2 (AK, Izembek N.W.R. (OK, Arnett 67), Wild Turkey 1562 (SD, Wilson’s Storm-Petrel 351 (NC, 106), King Eider 570 (AK, Kodiak 90), Sturgis 108), Wild (Merriam’s) Turkey 10 87), Fork-tailed Storm- Com. Eider 500,000 (MA, Monomoy (AZ, Santa Catalina Mountains 44), Petrel 3 (CA, Año Nuevo 98), Leach’s Point 52), Harlequin Duck 1136 (AK, Helmeted Guineafowl 4 ex (CA, Long Storm-Petrel 6(WA, Tacoma 96), Ashy Unalaska Is. 110), Surf Scoter 64,381 beach-El Dorado 105), Mountain Quail Storm-Petrel 20 (CA, Monterey Pen. 66), (NY, L.I.: Sagaponack 105), White- 235 (CA, Oakridge 78), Scaled Quail Black Storm-Petrel 600 (CA, Monterey winged Scoter 26,000 (MA, Monomoy 1083 (AZ, Elfrida 102), Elegant Quail 5 Bay 84), Tristram’s Storm-Petrel 100 (HI, Point 53), Black Scoter 42,600 (MA, ex (AZ, Nogales 69), California Quail Laysan Is. 97). Martha’s Vineyard 103), Long-tailed 8243 (OR, Burns 106), Gambel’s Quail White-tailed Tropicbird 101 (HI, Duck 525,505 (MA, Nantucket 103), 3995 (AZ, Salt-Verde Rivers 94), N. Moloka’i: Kualapu’u 105), Red-billed Bufflehead 13,499 (CA, Point Reyes Pen. Bobwhite 1041 (KS, Manhattan 83), Tropicbird 1 (HI, French Frigate Shoals, 107), Com. Goldeneye 13,500 (WI, Montezuma Quail 268 (AZ, Atascosa Johnsons Atoll N.W.R. 100), Red-tailed Hales Corner 58), Barrow’s Goldeneye Highlands 109). Tropicbird 326 (HI, Johnson Atoll 3812 (ID, Lewiston-Clarkston 107), Red-throated Loon 8076 (VA, Cape N.W.R. 95), Masked Booby 724 (HI, Smew 4 (AK, Adak 74), Hooded Charles 104), Arctic Loon 1 (CA, Morro Kaua’i: Kapa’a 81), Blue-footed Booby 1 Merganser 4174 (MS, Noxubee N.W.R. Bay 92 and Point Reyes Pen. 102; NC, (CA, Los Angeles 82 and Salton Sea 94), Com. Merganser 70,000 (KS, Wilmington 105; WA, Wahkiakum 108), [south] 107; NV, Henderson 72; TX, Waconda Lake 103), Com. (Eur.) Pacific Loon 7277 (CA, Marin Co. Bastrop-Buescher State Parks 95), Brown Merganser 2 (AK, Amchitka Is. 78), Red- [southern] 83), Com. Loon 2500 (NC, Booby 504 (HI, Johnson Atoll N.W.R. breasted Merganser 91,526 (OH, Lake Morehead City 81), Yellow-billed Loon 100), Brown (Brewster’s) Booby 1 (HI, Erie Is. 92), Masked Duck 13 (TX, 32 (AK, Cordova 75), Least Grebe 384 Laysan Is. 109), Red-footed Booby 2823 Welder Wildlife Refuge 69), Ruddy Duck (TX, La Sal Vieja 105), Pied-billed Grebe (HI, French Frigate Shoals 107), N. 152,688 (VA, Williamsburg 97). 3233 (AL, Guntersville 101), Horned Gannet 34,683 (MA, Cape Cod 91), Am. Plain Chachalaca 336 (TX, Santa Ana Grebe 2683 (VA, Back Bay N.W.R. 67), White Pelican 15,956 (CA, Salton Sea N.W.R. 84), Chukar 485 (OR, Ruggs- Red-necked Grebe 635 (WA, Oak Harbor [south] 107), Brown Pelican 8260 (NC, Hardman 81), Gray Francolin 69 (HI, 94), Eared Grebe 500,000 (CA, Mono Cape Hatteras 106), Brandt’s Cormorant (Maui: Pu’u O Kali 80), Black Francolin Lake 88), W. Grebe 55,634 (CA, Clear 28,728 (CA, Tomales Bay 66), Neotropic 30 (HI, Moloka’i: Kualapu’u 98), Erckel’s Lake 105), Clark’s Grebe 6643 (CA, Clear Cormorant 5906 (LA, Sabine N.W.R. Francolin 61 (HI, Kaua’i: Waimea 100), Lake 107), Laysan Albatross 779,124 (HI, 84), Double-crested Cormorant 166,000 Gray Partridge 651 (ND, Jamestown 78), Midway Atoll 110), Black-footed (TX, Trinidad 101), Great Cormorant Red Junglefowl 208 (HI, Kaua’i: Waimea Albatross 62,516 (HI, Laysan Is. 97), 3482 (RI, Newport Co.-Westport 85), 97), Kalij Pheasant 34 (HI, Hawai’i: Short-tailed Albatross 2 (HI, Midway Red-faced Cormorant 48 (AK, Adak 90), Volcano 88), Silver Pheasant 1 ex (OR, Atoll 100, 108, 110), N. Fulmar 3018 Pelagic Cormorant 5504 (CA, Marin Co. Portland 43), Ring-necked Pheasant 6000 (CA, Point Reyes Pen. 103), Bermuda [southern] 76), Anhinga 891 (FL, (SD, Lacreek N.W.R. 82), Ring-necked Petrel 1 (NC, Continental Shelf 85), Lakeland 84), Magnificent Frigatebird (Blue) Pheasant 17 (HI, Hawai’i: Volcano Black-capped Petrel 115 (NC, 550 (FL, Sanibel-Captiva 72), Great 75), Ring-necked (Green) Pheasant 14 Continental Shelf 83), Bonin Petrel Frigatebird 3176 (HI, French Frigate (HI, Hawai’i: Volcano 78; VA, Cape 50,000 (HI, Laysan Is. 95), Cory’s Shoals 87), Lesser Frigatebird 1 (HI, Charles 82), Ring-necked (White- Shearwater 1 (FL, Cocoa 102, Dry French Frigate Shoals 90, 96, 107, 108 winged) Pheasant 125 (ND, Ninepipe Tortugas N.P. 109, Jacksonville 82, and and Laysan Is. 98), Am. Bittern 159 (CA, N.W.R. 79), Ring-necked (Mongolian) W. Palm Beach 78; MA Cape Cod 80), Los Baños 80), Least Bittern 79 (FL, W. Pheasant 117 (WA, Yakima 15), Golden Pink-footed Shearwater 100 (CA, Orange Palm Beach 84), Bare-throated Tiger- Pheasant 5 ex (IL, Moline 9), Common Co. [coastal] 59), Flesh-footed Shearwater Heron 1 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen 110), Peafowl 65 ex (CA, Palos Verdes Pen. 78), 17 (CA, Oceanside-Vista-Carlsbad 75), Great Blue Heron 1391 (FL, Coot Bay- Ruffed Grouse 98 (ME, Bath-Phippsburg- Greater Shearwater 5 (MA, Stellwagen Everglades N.P. 60), Great Blue (blue Georgetown-Woolwich 79), Greater Bank 100; ME, Greater Portland 102), form) Heron 900 (TX, Matagorda Co.- Sage-Grouse 698 (WY, Evanston 86), Wedge-tailed Shearwater 15 (HI, Kaua’i: Mad Is. Marsh 108), Great Blue (white Gunnison Sage-Grouse 15 (CO, Gunnison Kapa’a 74), Buller’s Shearwater 2 (CA, form) Heron 866 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades

122 AMERICAN BIRDS N.P.78), Great Blue (Wurdemann’s) (HI, Hawai’i: Volcano 81), Red-tailed San Jose 80), N. Jacana 3 (TX, Santa Ana Heron 10 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. Hawk 742 (LA, Crowley 89), Red-tailed N.W.R. 79), Spotted Sandpiper 409 (FL, 109, 110 and Lower Keys 68), Great (Harlan’s) Hawk 38 (OK, Stillwater 75), Gulf Circle, Manatee Co. 94), Solitary Egret 8071 (LA, New Orleans 85), Snowy Red-tailed (Krider’s) Hawk 7 (TX, Sandpiper 22 (TX, Laguna Atascosa Egret 10,101 (LA, New Orleans 85), Cypress Creek 80), Ferruginous Hawk 93 N.W.R. 104), Wandering Tattler 120 (HI, Little Blue Heron 5727 (FL, Monroe 53), (CO, Denver [urban] 89), Rough-legged Laysan Is. 101), Spotted Redshank 1 (NY, Tricolored Heron 3728 (LA, New Orleans Hawk 253 (MT, Ninepipe N.W.R. 99), L.I.: Brooklyn 93, 94), Greater Yellowlegs 86), Reddish Egret 821 (TX, Coastal Tip Golden Eagle 82 (UT, Bear River 1216 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 54), 93), Reddish (white morph) Egret 2 (TX, Migratory Bird Refuge 54), Crested Willet 20,788 (TX, Laguna Atascosa Laguna Atascosa N.W.R. 57, Corpus Caracara 255 (TX, Matagorda Co. - Mad N.W.R. 56), Lesser Yellowlegs 2980 (LA, Christi [Flour Bluff] 105), Cattle Egret Is. Marsh 106), Yellow-headed Caracara 1 Crowley 94), Upland Sandpiper 8 (TX, 10,524 (LA, Pine Prairie 95), Green ex (CA, Centerville Beach to King Salmon Houston 66), Whimbrel 3119 (TX, LaSal Heron 478 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 108), Am. Kestrel 537 (CA, Sacramento Vieja 66), (Eur.) Whimbrel 1 (DE, 61), Black-crowned Night-Heron 1936 81), Merlin 41 (AZ, Havasu N.W.R. 105), Rehoboth 85, 97), Bristle-thighed Curlew (CA, Sacramento 110), Yellow-crowned Aplomado Falcon 7 (TX, Laguna Atascosa 104) (HI, Laysan Is. 97), Long-billed Night-Heron 567 (TX, Coastal Tip 98), N.W.R. 106), Gyrfalcon 4 (AK, Izembek Curlew 6293 (CA, Salton Sea [south] White Ibis 33,867 (LA, Reserve-Bonnet N.W.R. 95; MT, Ninepipe N.W.R. 91), 105), Black-tailed Godwit 1 (HI, I’ao Carre Spillway 93), Scarlet Ibis 2 ex (FL, Peregrine Falcon 23 (CA, Point Reyes Pen. Valley 101; NC, Bodie-Pea Is. 80), Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 68 and Fort 110; NY, L.I.: S. Nassau Co. 110), Prairie Hudsonian Godwit 1 (FL, Alafia Banks Lauderdale 75), Glossy Ibis 2800 (FL, Falcon 28 (NV, Fallon 89, 95). 100, 101, St. Augustine 48, and St. Marks Sta5-Clewiston 110), White-faced Ibis Yellow Rail 25 (TX, Freeport 87), Black 93; NC, Bodie-Pea Is. 81; TX, Aransas 60,291 (LA, Crowley 95), Sacred Ibis 15 ex Rail 25 (CA, Benicia 99), Clapper Rail N.W.R. 73), Bar-tailed Godwit 1 (CA, (FL, Kendall Area 108), Roseate Spoonbill 920 (FL, Jacksonville 76), Clapper Orange Co. [coastal] 110; FL, Cocoa 71; 1750 (LA, Johnsons Bayou 90), Wood (Yuma) Rail 8 (AZ, Havasu N.W.R. 110), HI, Laysan Is. 106, O’ahu: Honolulu 68; Stork 3615 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades Clapper (W.) Rail 79 (CA, Orange Co. MA, Plymouth 98, 99; VA, Chincoteague N.P. 66). [coastal] 82), King Rail 317 (FL, Cocoa N.W.R. 74), Marbled Godwit 18,943 Black Vulture 2300 (FL, Econlochatchee 76), Virginia Rail 462 (CA, Benicia 96), (CA, Hayward-Fremont 75). 108), Turkey Vulture 10,170 (FL, Ponce Sora 596 (FL, Cocoa 78), Purple Swamphen Ruddy Turnstone 2936 (HI, Laysan Is. Inlet 93), California Condor 13 (CA, 40 ex (FL, Sta5-Clewiston 110), Purple 100), Black Turnstone 827 (CA, Point Sespe Wildlife Area 69), Greater Flamingo Gallinule 167 (FL, Lakeland 107), Com. Reyes Pen. 76), Surfbird 1280 (OR, 40 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 99, Moorhen 5352 (LA, Sabine N.W.R. 84), Corvallis 95), Red Knot 4245 (FL, St. 105), 360 ex (FL, Dade Co. 109), Osprey Com. (Hawaiian) Moorhen 326 (HI, Petersburg 70), Sanderling 25,500 (WA, 629 (FL, Merritt Is. N.W.R. 94), Hook- Kaua’i: Kapa’a 1100, Hawaiian Coot Willapa N.W.R., Ilwaco, Pacific Co. 45), billed Kite 7 (TX, Santa Ana N.W.R. 93), 2202 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 59), Am. Semipalmated Sandpiper 10 (FL, Key Swallow-tailed Kite 1 (FL, Marianna 72, Coot 230,000 (TX, Lake Conroe 80), Largo-Plantation Key 108), W. Sandpiper Myakka River S.P. 104, N. Pinellas 80; Am. (Caribbean) Coot 8 (FL, Fort 70,000 (TX, Laguna Atascosa N.W.R. LA, Lafayette 69), White-tailed Kite 431 Lauderdale 75), Limpkin 94 (FL, St. 84), Least Sandpiper 51,000 (FL, Coot (CA, Creighton Ranch 84), Snail Kite 51 Marks 73), Sandhill Crane 104,000 (TX, Bay-Everglades N.P. 51), White-rumped (FL, Kissimmee Valley 108), Mississippi Muleshoe N.W.R. 78), Com. Crane 1 ex (NJ, Sandpiper 5 (TX, Huntsville 67), Baird’s Kite 1 (FL, Lower Keys 87; TX, Laguna Cumberland Co. 110), Whooping Crane Sandpiper 35 (TX, Huntsville 67), Pectoral Atascosa N.W.R. 103), Bald Eagle 3284 114 (TX, Aransas N.W.R. 98), Painted Sandpiper 30 (TX, Galveston 65), Sharp- (AK, Haines 94), N. Harrier 627 (CA, Buttonquail 7 (HI, Kaua’i: Kapa’a 74). tailed Sandpiper 4 (HI, Midway Atoll 102 Tule Lake 89), Sharp-shinned Hawk 81 N. Lapwing 1 (AL, Eufaula N.W.R. 96; and O’ahu: Waipi’o 78), Purple (NJ, Cape May 103), Cooper’s Hawk 66 DE, Bombay Hook N.W.R. 100), Black- Sandpiper 2000 (ME, Penobscot Bay 71), (AZ, Tucson Valley 110), N. Goshawk 15 bellied Plover 10,438 (CA, Palo Alto 95), Rock Sandpiper 3400 (AK, Homer 96), (ID, Idaho Falls 93), Crane Hawk 1 (TX, Am. Golden-Plover 2 (FL, Lone Pine Key Dunlin 151,330 (WA, Skagit Bay 102), Santa Ana N.W.R. 88), Com. Black- 106), Pacific Golden-Plover 2046 (HI, Curlew Sandpiper 1 (HI, Oahu:Waipi’o Hawk 4 (TX, Harlingen 38), Harris’s O’ahu: Honolulu 89), Snowy Plover 738 109; OR, Coos Bay 106), Stilt Sandpiper Hawk 146 (TX, La Sal Vieja 93), (CA, Hayward-Fremont 105), Wilson’s 2000 (TX, Laguna Atascosa N.W.R. 96), Roadside Hawk 1 (TX, Anzalduas- Plover 204 (FL, Sanibel-Captiva 85), Buff-breasted Sandpiper 1 (LA, Creole Bentsen 83), Red-shouldered Hawk 280 Com. Ringed Plover 1 (HI, Midway Atoll 103), Ruff 3 (HI, Laysan Is. 108 and (TX, Freeport 85), Broad-winged Hawk 100), Semipalmated Plover 10,914 (CA, Moloka’i: Kualapu’u 108), Short-billed 30 (FL, Marathon-Grassy Key 66), Gray Hayward-Fremont 100), Piping Plover Dowitcher 8796 (CA, Crystal Springs 92), Hawk 18 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen 108), 350 (FL, St. Petersburg 52), Killdeer Long-billed Dowitcher 44,272 (LA, Short-tailed Hawk 16 (FL, Key West 11,270 (LA, Crowley 95), Mountain Crowley 93), Jack Snipe 1 (OR, Eugene 107), Swainson’s Hawk 22 (FL, Plover 1156 (CA, Orange Co. [coastal] 109), Wilson’s Snipe 2339 (LA, Crowley Marathon-Grassy Key 66), Great Black- 58), Am. Oystercatcher 8100 (SC, 90), Eur. Woodcock 1 (NJ, Cape May Hawk 1 ex (FL, Dade Co. 105), Charleston 71), Black Oystercatcher 902 56), Am. Woodcock 570 (VA, Cape White-tailed Hawk 82 (TX, Attwater (AK, Kodiak 106), Black-necked Stilt Charles 94), Wilson’s Phalarope 271 (TX, Prairie Chicken N.W.R. 106), Zone- 5226 (CA, Hayward-Fremont 90), Black- La Sal Vieja 103), Red-necked Phalarope tailed Hawk 4 (TX, Del Rio 101, Falcon necked (Hawaiian) Stilt 531 (HI, Maui: 320 (CA, Orange Co. [coastal] 60), Red Dam S.P. 90, 103), Hawaiian Hawk 14 I’ao Valley 105), Am. Avocet 8509 (CA, Phalarope 9337 (CA, Monterey Pen. 88).

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 123 Laughing Gull 251,000 (TX, Houston Brown Noddy 4476 (HI, French Red-billed Pigeon 72 (TX, Anzalduas- 110), Franklin’s Gull 4000 (OK, Frigate Shoals 90), Black (Hawaiian) Bentsen 63), Band-tailed Pigeon 7636 Tishomingo N.W.R. 80), Little Gull 17 Noddy 5272 (HI, French Frigate Shoals (CA, Marin Co. [southern] 78), Ringed (NY, Rochester 80), Black-headed Gull 104), Blue-gray Noddy 12 (HI, French Turtle-Dove 325 (FL, St. Petersburg 90), 64 (NY, Rockland Co. 86), Bonaparte’s Frigate Shoals 88), White Tern 1235 (HI, Eur. Collared-Dove 2380 (FL, Lakeland Gull 148,000 (PA, Erie 89), Heermann’s Midway Atoll 104), Sooty Tern 15,000 100), Spotted Dove 2774 (HI, O’ahu: Gull 13,563 (CA, Palos Verdes Pen. 71), (HI, Johnson Atoll N.W.R. 100), Gray- Honolulu 86), Zebra Dove 8739 (HI, Gray Gull 1 (LA, Sabine N.W.R. 88), backed Tern 101 (HI, French Frigate O’ahu: Honolulu 89), White-winged Black-tailed Gull 1 (AK, Kodiak 81; CA, Shoals 87), Bridled Tern 2 (NC, Dove 42,521 (NM, Las Cruces 104), San Diego 98, 107; NC, Bodie-Pea Is. Continental Shelf 85), Least Tern 59 (TX, Zenaida Dove 1 (FL, Marathon-Grassy 102; VA, Cape Charles 99, Chesapeake Coastal Tip 100), Gull-billed Tern 341 Key 65), Mourning Dove 25,678 (PA, Bay 99, 100, and Little Creek 99, 102), (TX, Brownsville, 87), Caspian Tern 679 Bethlehem-Easton 82), Inca Dove 3932 Mew Gull 20,000 (OR, Tillamook Bay (TX, Coastal Tip 100), Black Tern 15 (AZ, Tucson Valley 81), Com. Ground 74), Ring-billed Gull 600,000 (NC, Cape (TX, LaSal Vieja 72), Roseate Tern 40 Dove 835 (TX, LaSal Vieja 67), Ruddy Hatteras 84), California Gull 27,650 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 83), Com. Ground-Dove 28 (AZ, Phoenix-Tres Rios (CA, Folsom 109), Herring Gull 145,249 Tern 545 (CA, W. Sonoma Co. 88), Arctic 106), White-tipped Dove 141 (TX, Santa (PA, Southern Bucks Co. 105), Yellow- Tern 2 (OR, Portland 34), Forster’s Tern Ana N.W.R. 81). legged Gull 1 (MA, Nantucket 101; VA, 10,313 (TX, Freeport 97), Royal Tern Budgerigar 5400 (FL, St. Petersburg Back Bay N.W.R. 98), Thayer’s Gull 810 3216 (FL, South Brevard Co. 79), Great 78), Cockatiel 6 ex (FL, Bradenton 93), (CA, Arroyo Cheap Thrills 84), Iceland Crested Tern 1 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 89, Salmon-crested Cockatoo 2 ex (HI, Gull 226 (ME, Eastport 97), Iceland 90), Sandwich Tern 2520 (FL, Sanibel- O’ahu: Honolulu 104), Sulphur-crested (glaucoides) Gull 1 (NY, Buffalo 78 and Captiva 105), Elegant Tern 25 (CA, Santa Cockatoo 4 ex (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu L.I.: Queens 99), Kumlien’s Gull 23 Cruz Co. 95), Black Skimmer 7000 (FL, 105, 107), Greater Sulphur-crested (MA, Newburyport 78), Lesser Black- St. Augustine 47), Great Skua 7 (MD, Cockatoo 1 ex (FL, Dade Co. 90), backed Gull 344 (PA, Central Bucks Co. Baltimore Canyon 79), South Polar Skua Eclectus Parrot 1 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 107), Slaty-backed Gull 1 (AK, Cordova 1 (OR, Florence 89), Pomarine Jaeger 40 73, 104), Senegal Parrot 1 ex (TX, 83, 94, Homer 96, Ketchikan 94, 95, (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 79, 81), Parasitic Kingsville 89, 90), Peach-faced Lovebird Kodiak 95, Shemya Is. 108, Soldotna Jaeger 29 (FL, Merritt Is. N.W.R. 109), 32 ex (AZ, Salt-Verde Rivers 105), Yellow- 108, and Unalaska Is. 108, 110; CA, Long-tailed Jaeger 1 (AL, Fort Morgan collared Lovebird 7 ex (AZ, Carefree 100), Clear Lake 108; IL, Carlyle Lake 108; 80; FL, West Palm Beach 33; NC, Rose-ringed Parakeet 1129 (CA, MA, Cape Cod 108; MN, Bloomington Continental Shelf 85), Dovekie 2700 Bakersfield 110), Monk Parakeet 800 (FL, 107; NY, Buffalo 93; OR, Sauvie Is. 93, (ME, Eastport 72), Com. Murre 129,000 St. Petersburg 106), Maroon-bellied 98; WA, Everett 106, 109, Grays Harbor (OR, Tillamook Bay 105), Thick-billed Parakeet 10 ex (FL, Dade Co. 92), Green- 108, Port Angeles-BC, Victoria 101, Murre 1171 (MA, Cape Cod 77), cheeked Parakeet 1 ex (FL, Dade Co. Olympia 105, and Sequim-Dungeness Razorbill 6512 (MA, Cape Cod 99), 96,98), Reddish-bellied Parakeet 22 ex 110), Yellow-footed Gull 22 (CA, Salton Black Guillemot 179 (ME, Moose Is.- (FL, Dade Co. 89), Green Parakeet 819 Sea [south] 92), W. Gull 25,000 CA, Jonesport 84), Pigeon Guillemot 1221 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen 109), Red- Farallon Is. 76, 89), Glaucous-winged (WA, Sequim-Dungeness 90), Long-billed masked Parakeet 355 ex (FL, Fort Gull 16,391 (OR, Portland 62), Glaucous Murrelet 1 (CA, Marin Co. [southern] 98; Lauderdale 101), Crimson-fronted Parakeet Gull 1500 (CA, Contra Costa Co. 71), NC, Morehead City 103; TN, Reelfoot 12 ex (WA, Seattle 101), Mitred Parakeet Great Black-backed Gull 45,115 (NY, Lake 103), Marbled Murrelet 1478 (AK, 680 ex (CA, Pasadena-San Gabriel Valley Staten Is. 90), Kelp Gull 1 (MD, Glacier Bay 93), Kittlitz’s Murrelet 6 (AK, 110), Hispaniolan Parakeet 4 ex (FL, Patuxent River 99-105; TX, Freeport Unalaska Is. 98), Xantus’s Murrelet 20 Dade Co. 78), Orange-fronted Parakeet 6 109, Galveston 97, and San Bernard (CA, Oceanside-Vista-Carlsbad 70), ex (CA, Los Angeles 85), Blue-crowned N.W.R. 109), Sabine’s Gull 1 (CA, Craveri’s Murrelet 2 (CA, Crystal Springs Parakeet 160 ex (FL, Fort Lauderdale Monterey Pen. 85, Orange Co. [coastal] 107), Ancient Murrelet 2857 (WA, 109), Dusky-headed Parakeet 71 ex (FL, 62, Santa Monica Bay 80, and Western Sequim-Dungeness 105), Cassin’s Auklet Dade Co. 91), Scarlet-fronted Parakeet 15 Sonoma Co. 70; CO, Longmont 66; KY, 105,000 (CA, Farallon Is.s 76), Parakeet ex (FL, Dade Co. 109), White-eyed Land Between the Lakes 107; NY, Auklet 3 (AK, Kodiak 82, 100), Least Parakeet 139 ex (FL, Dade Co. 110), Buffalo 96, Captree 69, Dunkirk- Auklet 56 (AK, Unalaska Is. 98), Black-hooded Parakeet 835 (FL, St. Fredonia 108, and L.I.: Fire Is. 69; OH, Whiskered Auklet 11 (AK, Unalaska Is. Petersburg 108). Ashtabula 53 and Toledo 75; OR, Coos 101, 103), Crested Auklet 14,433 (AK, Chestnut-fronted Macaw 32 ex (FL, Bay 79, 82, and Tillamook Bay 96; TX, Narrow Cape-Kalsin Bay 106) Fort Lauderdale 103), Blue-and-yellow Lake Tawakoni 95; VA, Little Creek 104), Rhinoceros Auklet 12,750 (CA, Monterey Macaw 14 ex (FL, Kendall Area 110), Black-legged Kittiwake 29,360 (MA, Pen. 75), Atlantic Puffin 22 (ME, Bay of Military Macaw cw (HI, Maui: Pu’u O Cape Cod 84), Ross’s Gull 1 (TN, Fundy 68), Horned Puffin 2 (AK, Homer Kaka’e 92), Thick-billed Parrot 3 (AZ, Reelfoot Lake 86), Ivory Gull 1 (AK, 85, Kodiak 87, and Seward-Kodiak 87), Portal 87), Orange-chinned Parakeet 4 ex Soldotna 107; CT, Hartford 76; IL, Tufted Puffin 18 (AK, Adak 69). (FL, Dade Co. 76), Canary-winged Chicago Lakefront 92; MA, Marshfield Rock Pigeon 16,604 (OH, Hamilton- Parakeet 489 (FL, Dade Co. 89), White- 62 and Newburyport 76; ME, Monhegan Fairfield 109), Chinese Pigeon 10 ex (CA, winged Parakeet 225 (FL, Fort Lauderdale Is. 87; NJ, Atlantic Ocean off of NJ 82; Los Angeles 31), White-crowned Pigeon 103), Yellow-chevroned Parakeet 181 (FL, WA, Grays Harbor 76). 142 (FL, Key Largo-Plantation Key 75), Dade Co. 105), Scaly-headed Parrot 7 ex

124 AMERICAN BIRDS (FL, Dade Co. 107), White-crowned Black Swift 3 (CA, Drake’s Bay 69), Anchorage 97), Black-backed Woodpecker Parrot 3 ex (TX, Brownsville 87), White- White-collared Swift 1 (TX, Freeport 88), 21 (MT, Missoula 79), N. (Red-shafted) fronted Parrot 30 ex (FL, Kendall Area Chaetura sp. 5 (FL, Fort Lauderdale 65; Flicker 1160 (CA, Oakland 78), N. (Yel.- 107), Red-crowned Parrot 3380 (CA, TX , Orange 74), Vaux’s Swift 208 (CA, sh.) Flicker 620 (MD, Seneca 84), Gilded Pasadena-San Gabriel Valley 108), Lilac- Oceanside-Vista-Carlsbad 80), Mariana Flicker 190 (AZ, Tucson Valley 93), crowned Parrot 687 ex (CA, Pasadena-San Swiftlet 68 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 92), Pileated Woodpecker 194 (FL, North Gabriel Valley 106), Red-lored Parrot 41 White-throated Swift 2200 (CA, Orange Pinellas101), Ivory-billed Woodpecker 4 ex (CA, Orange Co. [coastal] 107), Mealy Co. [coastal] 71), Green-breasted Mango (LA, Tallulah 34). Parrot 19 ex (FL, Fort Lauderdale 109), 1 (GA, Dublin 108; TX, Corpus Christi N. Beardless-Tyrannulet 10 (AZ, Santa Yellow-headed Parrot 389 ex (CA, 98 and Santa Ana N.W.R. 103), Broad- Catalina Mountains 89), Tufted Flycatcher Pasadena-San Gabriel Valley 75), Yellow- billed Hummingbird 36 (AZ, Santa 1 (TX, Big Bend N.P. [east] 92), Olive- naped Parrot 4 ex (FL, Fort Lauderdale Catalina Mountains 109), White-eared sided Flycatcher 4 (TX, Aransas N.W.R. 103), Yellow-crowned Parrot 1 ex (FL, Hummingbird 1 (AZ, Ramsey Canyon 88, 63), Greater Pewee 2 (AZ, Santa Catalina Dade Co. 106), Orange-winged Parrot 40 93), Berylline Hummingbird 1 (AZ, Mountains 83, 87 and Tucson Valley 99), ex (FL, Dade Co. 89), Blue-fronted Parrot Nogales 98 and Ramsey Canyon 103), W. Wood-Pewee 1 (CA, Death Valley 68, 39 ex (FL, Fort Lauderdale 104), African Buff-bellied Hummingbird 45 (TX, Victoria Joshua Tree N.M. 68 and Morro Bay 70; Gray Parrot 2 ex (FL, Key Largo-Plantation 108), Violet-crowned Hummingbird 3 TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen 66, 67, 69, Key 93), Com. Cuckoo 1 (VA, Cape (AZ, Patagonia 93, Portal 101, 102, and Armand Bayou 87 and Davis Mountains Charles 66), Yellow-billed Cuckoo 4 (FL, Ramsey Canyon 110), Blue-throated 89), E. Wood-Pewee 8 (TX, Santa Ana Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 60), Mangrove Hummingbird 17 (AZ, Portal 110), N.W.R. 103), Yellow-bellied Flycatcher 5 Cuckoo 8 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. Magnificent Hummingbird 14 (AZ, (TX, Corpus Christi 79), Acadian 65), Black-billed Cuckoo 1 (FL, Fort Ramsey Canyon 95), Ruby-throated Flycatcher 1 (AL, Wheeler N.W.R. 101; Myers 70 and Lakeland 76; TX, Kingsville Hummingbird 53 (FL, Cocoa 96), Black- TX, Bolivar Pen. 82; Matagorda Co. - 92, 94), Greater Roadrunner 121 (AZ, chinned Hummingbird 21 (LA, Baton Mad Is. Marsh 108), Willow Flycatcher 1 Elfrida 85), Smooth-billed Ani 761 (FL, Rouge 106), Anna’s Hummingbird 1432 (CA, Morro Bay 104, Moss Landing 86, Fort Lauderdale 70), Groove-billed Ani 72 (CA, Santa Barbara 89), Costa’s Pasadena-San Gabriel Valley 80, Sespe (TX, Laguna Atascosa N.W.R. 59). Hummingbird 159 (CA, Anza-Borrego Wildlife Area 84; TX, Del Rio 87 and Barn Owl 109 (CA, Sacramento 81), Desert 100), Calliope Hummingbird 9 Santa Ana N.W.R. 101), Alder/Willow Flammulated Owl 1 (LA, Creole 101; (LA, Baton Rouge 107), Broad-tailed Flycatcher 1 (TX, College Station 71 and UT, Ogden 92; WA, Spokane 52), W. Hummingbird 7 (TX, Davis Mountains Corpus Christi 69), Least Flycatcher 26 Screech-Owl 75 (CA, Santa Barbara 110), 106), Rufous Hummingbird 69 (LA, (FL, Zellwood-Mount Dora 108), E. Screech-Owl 220 (VA, Lynchburg 77), Baton Rouge 108), Allen’s Hummingbird Hammond’s Flycatcher 36 (AZ, Patagonia Whiskered Screech-Owl 14 (AZ, Ramsey 487 (CA, Orange Co. [coastal] 109), Elegant 99), Gray Flycatcher 68 (AZ, Nogales 78), Canyon 94), Great Horned Owl 153 (NJ, Trogon 4 (AZ, Atascosa Highlands 109), Dusky Flycatcher 29 (AZ, Patagonia Cumberland Co. 98), Snowy Owl 79 Eared Quetzal 1 (AZ, Portal 100, 108), 99), Pacific-slope Flycatcher 2 (CA, (WA, Padilla Bay 74), N. Hawk Owl 12 Ringed Kingfisher 32 (TX, Anzalduas- Oceanside-Vista-Carlsbad 110, Orange (MN, Roseau 106), Hawk Owl 3 QR (HI, Bentsen 94), Belted Kingfisher 334 (FL, Co. [coastal] 98 and Moss Landing 94), Maui: Pu’u O Kaka’e 90), N. Pygmy-Owl Merritt Is. N.W.R. 94), Green Kingfisher Cordilleran Flycatcher 1 (AZ, 27 (CA, Año Nuevo 80), Ferruginous 35 (TX, Santa Ana N.W.R. 104). Hassayampa River 98, Kirkland 92 and Pygmy-Owl 4 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen Lewis’s Woodpecker 533 (CA, Granite- Nogales 98; NM, Carlsbad Caverns N.P. 108), Elf Owl 1 (TX, Alice 82, Anzalduas- Woody 74), Red-headed Woodpecker 105; TX, Chisos Mountains 91, 95), W. Bentsen 86, 89, 90-92 and LaSal Vieja 914 (KS, Manhattan 80), Acorn Flycatcher 5 (AZ, Nogales 69), Black 90), Burrowing Owl 275 (FL, Fort Myers Woodpecker 969 (CA, Santa Barbara Phoebe 584 (CA, Orange Co. [coastal] 109), Spotted Owl 13 (CA, Western 110), Gila Woodpecker 778 (AZ, Tucson 110), E. Phoebe 1553 (TX, Matagorda Sonoma Co. 94), Barred Owl 105 (LA, Valley 93), Golden-fronted Woodpecker Co. - Mad Is. Marsh 103), Say’s Pheobe Pine Prairie 90), Great Gray Owl 56 377 (TX, Weslaco 110), Red-bellied 257 (CA, Salton Sea [south] 105), (MN, Two Harbors 105), Long-eared Woodpecker 622 (VA, Fort Belvoir 106), Vermilion Flycatcher 116 (TX, Kingsville Owl 124 (NE, Lincoln 82), Short-eared Williamson’s Sapsucker 15 (CA, Lake 104), Dusky-capped Flycatcher 2 (CA, Owl 145 (OH, Delaware Reservoir 90), Almanor 93), Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Monterey Pen. 93), Ash-throated Short-eared (Hawaiian) Owl 5 (HI, 294 (LA, Baton Rouge 76), Red-naped Flycatcher 37 (AZ, Sierra Pinta-Cabeza Kaua’i: Kapaa 75, Midway Atoll 61, and Sapsucker 84 (AZ, Prescott 107), Red- Prieta N.W.R. 87), Nutting’s Flycatcher 1 Waimea 86, 98), Boreal Owl 3 (AK, breasted Sapsucker 63 (CA, Ventura 91), (AZ, Nogales 98; CA, Orange Co. Fairbanks 105, 106), N. Saw-whet Owl Ladder-backed Woodpecker 193 (AZ, [coastal] 101; NM, Gila River 77), Great 61 (MA, Quabbin 95), Lesser Nighthawk Nogales 81), Nuttall’s Woodpecker 245 Crested Flycatcher 120 (FL, Coot Bay- 10 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 110), (CA, Putah Creek 110), Downy Everglades N.P. 67), Brown-crested Com. Nighthawk 5 (FL, Fort Lauderdale Woodpecker 829 (MA, Concord 106), Flycatcher 7 (TX, Santa Ana N.W.R. 65 and Stuart 84), Pauraque 92 (TX, Hairy Woodpecker 368 (MD, Seneca 103), La Sagra’s Flycatcher 1 (FL, Laguna Atascosa N.W.R. 98), Com. 106), Arizona Woodpecker 42 (AZ, Portal Biscayne N.P. 83, 88, 91, 92, 98, Fort Poorwill 23 (CA, Orange Co. [NE] 58), 106), Red-cockaded Woodpecker 82 Lauderdale 95, Key Largo-Plantation Key Chuck-will’s-widow 11 (FL, Fort (NC, Southern Pines 98), White-headed 92 and Lone Pine Key 110), Great Lauderdale 77), Whip-poor-will 20 (FL, Woodpecker 50 (CA, Springville 83), Kiskadee 290 (TX, Santa Ana N.W.R. Lake Placid 101). Am. Three-toed Woodpecker 26 (AK, 103), Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher 1 (MS,

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 125 Southern Hancock Co. 80), Tropical (MA, Nantucket 85; PA, Lewisburg 86, 88- Honolulu 88), Red-whiskered Bulbul 668 Kingbird 53 (TX, Weslaco 110), Couch’s 89), Am. Crow 267,000 (IL, Middle Fork (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 86), Golden- Kingbird 132 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen River Valley 100), Northwestern Crow crowned Kinglet 2193 (WA, Olympia 99), Cassin’s Kingbird 230 (CA, Orange 3120 (OR, Eugene 58), Tamaulipas Crow 101), Ruby-crowned Kinglet 2614 (CA, Co. [NE] 109), Thick-billed Kingbird 1 1700 (TX, Brownsville 81), Fish Crow Point Reyes Pen. 107), Japanese Bush- (AZ, Bill Williams Delta 84, Martinez 41,895 (SC, Ace Basin 108), Hawaiian Warbler 129 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 84), Lake 73 and Parker- 80; Crow 10 (HI, Hawai’i: Volcano 86), Blue-gray Gnatcatcher 1264 (TX, Freeport CA, Claremont 85, Crystal Springs 99, Chihuahuan Raven 4400 (CA, Stanton 84), California Gnatcatcher 100 (CA, 100, 101, Long Beach-El Dorado 93, 68), Com. Raven 2501 (AK, Fairbanks 101). Rancho Santa Fe 106), Black-tailed Orange Co. [NE] 83-92, Palos Verdes (Hawaii) Elepaio 306 (HI, Hawai’i: Gnatcatcher 471 (AZ, Salt-Verde Rivers Pen. 106, 107, 108, 109 and San Diego Volcano 78), (Kauai) Elepaio 135 (HI, 90), Black-capped Gnatcatcher 6 (AZ, 67; TX, Big Bend N.P. [east] 71 and Kaua’i: Waimea 99), (Oahu) Elepaio 99 Green Valley-Madera Canyon 108). Matagorda Co. - Mad Is. Marsh 103-106), (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 49), Sky Lark 96 White-rumped Shama 468 (HI, O’ahu: W. Kingbird 61 (FL, Zellwood-Mount (HI, Maui: Pu’u O KaKa’e 100), Horned Honolulu 88), N. Wheatear 1 (LA, Dora 105), E. Kingbird 5 (NC, Pee Dee Lark 76,224 (CA, Lancaster 82), Purple Crowley 93; NJ, Walnut Valley 81; NY, N.W.R. 98; TX, Bolivar Pen. 72), Gray Martin 62 (TX, Santa Ana N.W.R. 85), L.I.: Montauk 37), E. Bluebird 2435 (TX, Kingbird 3 (FL, Fort Lauderdale 74), Tree Swallow 1,043,926 (FL, Fort Myers Bastrop-Buescher State Parks 92), W. Scissor-tailed Flycatcher 93 (TX, San 95), Violet-green Swallow 1500 (CA, Bluebird 1505 (AZ, 70), Antonio 110), Fork-tailed Flycatcher 1 Escondido 53), N. Rough-winged Mountain Bluebird 5737 (OK, Kenton (FL, Zellwood-Mount Dora 106; TX, Swallow 1475 (FL, Fort Lauderdale 61), [Black Mesa] 106), Townsend’s Solitaire Kingsville 89), Rose-throated Becard 4 Bank Swallow 21 (CA, Salton Sea [south] 451 (CO, Boulder 78), Kamao 2 (HI, (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen 61), Kauai O’o 2 104; TX, Harlingen 103), Cliff Swallow Kaua’i: Waimea 75), Omao 1370 (HI, (HI, Kaua’i: Pawainui 74). 55 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen 93), Cave Hawai’i: Volcano 79), Puaiohi 5 (HI Brown Shrike 1 (CA, Point Reyes Pen. Swallow 450 (TX, Corpus Christi 107), ,Kaua’i: Waimea 103), Veery 3* (CA, 87), Loggerhead Shrike 582 (TX, Freeport Barn Swallow 298 (CA, Salton Sea [south] Joshua Tree N.M. 67; GA, Savannah 28; 76), N. Shrike 54 (WA, Padilla Bay 97), 107), Carolina Chickadee 2636 (OH, TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen 63, 64), Gray- White-eyed Vireo 230 (FL, Coot Bay- Cincinnati 86), Black-capped Chickadee cheeked Thrush 2* (CA, Yosemite N.P. 97; Everglades N.P. 89), Thick-billed Vireo 1 7740 (NY, Catskill-Coxsackie 86), SC, Charleston 62; WV, Pipestem Area (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 81 and Mountain Chickadee 1199 (CO, Boulder 81), Hermit Thrush 694 (CA, Santa West Palm Beach 69), Bell’s Vireo 35 (CA, 85), Mexican Chickadee 109 (AZ, Portal Barbara 91), Wood Thrush 5 (TX, Freeport San Diego 8), Black-capped Vireo 1 (TX, 104), Chestnut-backed Chickadee 1536 72, 83), Redwing 1 (RI, South Kingstown Uvalde Co. 97), Gray Vireo 6 (AZ, Sierra (CA, Oakland 77), Boreal Chickadee 298 106), Clay-colored Robin 12 (TX, Pinta-Cabeza Prieta N.W.R. 87, 94), (AK, Fairbanks 107), Siberian Tit 2 (AK, Anzalduas-Bentsen 110), White-throated Yellow-throated Vireo 10 (FL, Coot Bay- Galena 84) Varied Tit 4 (HI, Honolulu Robin 1 (TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen 105), Everglades N.P. 57), Plumbeous Vireo 10 56), Bridled Titmouse 574 (AZ, Atascosa Rufous-backed Robin 2 (AZ, Martinez (AZ, Salt-Verde Rivers 92), Cassin’s Vireo Highlands 92), Oak Titmouse 758 (CA, Lake 103, Nogales 83, Patagonia 75, Santa 10 (CA, San Diego 104), Blue-headed Folsom 94), Juniper Titmouse 137 (AZ, Catalina Mountains 77, 78, Superior 110 Vireo 161 (TX, Freeport 92), Hutton’s Jerome 105), Tufted Titmouse 1947 (MA, and Tucson Valley 76), Am. Robin Vireo 226 (CA, Santa Barbara 81), Millis 86), Black-crested Titmouse 449 2,000,000 (GA, Piedmont N.W.R.-Rum Warbling Vireo 3 (CA, Pasadena-San (TX, Austin 80). Creek W.M.A. 95), Varied Thrush 5500 Gabriel Valley 64), Philadelphia Vireo 4 Verdin 592 (AZ, Salt-Verde Rivers 92), (CA, Angwin 78), Greater Necklaced (TX, Freeport 72), Red-eyed Vireo 2 (TX, Bushtit 3534 (CA, Oakland 75), Red- Laughing-thrush 19 (HI, Kaua’i: Lihu’e Corpus Christi 92), Yellow-green Vireo 2 breasted Nuthatch 1886 (MA, Quabbin 76), Gray-sided Laughing-thrush 2 (HI, (TX, Santa Ana N.W.R. 62), Black- 94), White-breasted Nuthatch 1085 (MA, O’ahu: Waipi’o 87), Hwamei 70 (HI, whiskered Vireo 1 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades Concord 105), Pygmy Nuthatch 1058 Kaua’i: Kapa’a 80), Chinese Thrush 18 ex N.P. 89), Gray Jay 182 (MN, Wabasha (CA, Monterey Pen. 80), Brown-headed (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 45), Red-billed 78), Steller’s Jay 2136 (CA, San Jose 83), Nuthatch 635 (GA, St. Catherine’s Is. Leiothrix 462 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 56), Blue Jay 3077 (MA, Millis 86), Black- 107), Brown Creeper 295 (MD, Seneca Japanese Hill Robin 183 (HI, O’ahu: throated Magpie-Jay 12 ex (CA, San 102), Cactus Wren 1120 (AZ, Salt-Verde Honolulu 45), Pekin Nightingale 154 (HI, Diego 102), Green Jay 370 (TX, Santa Rivers 94), Rock Wren 300 (AZ, Atascosa Hawai’i: Hilo 41), Wrentit 1090 (CA, Ana N.W.R. 60), Brown Jay 31 (TX, Highlands 80), Canyon Wren 213 (AZ, Point Reyes Pen. 77), Japanese White-eye Falcon Dam S.P. 93), San Blas Jay 1 (AZ, Atascosa Highlands 92), Carolina Wren 1960 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 77), Oriental Nogales 67), Florida Scrub-Jay 250 (FL, 1089 (OH, Cincinnati 75), Bewick’s Wren White-eye 487 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 72). Lake Placid 96), Is. Scrub-Jay 173 (CA, 681 (WA, Bellingham 105), House Wren [* These thrushes winter in the tropics at a Santa Cruz Is. 110), W. Scrub-Jay 2349 644 (TX, Matagorda Co. - Mad Is. Marsh far distance from the United States and are (CA, Oakland 75), Mexican Jay 1110 107), House (Brown-throated) Wren 76 not expected to occur on the CBCs. They (AZ, Atascosa Highlands 92), Pinyon Jay (AZ, Nogales 70), Winter Wren 452 (CA, can be difficult to separate from the com- 2044 (NM, Santa Fe 61), Clark’s Point Reyes Pen. 79), Sedge Wren 1067 mon Hermit Thrush in certain conditions Nutcracker 281 (CA, South Lake Tahoe (TX, Freeport 72), Marsh Wren 1932 (TX, and these records, particularly those from 107), Black-billed Magpie 2126 (CO, Matagorda Co.-Mad Is. Marsh 100), Am. earlier decades, have been questioned; how- Grand Junction 90), Yellow-billed Magpie Dipper 124 (MT, Yellowstone N.P. 88), ever, compilers and state editors have 3800 (CA, Marysville 74), Eur. Jackdaw 2 Red-vented Bulbul 2361 (HI, O’ahu: approved them.]

126 AMERICAN BIRDS Gray Catbird 872 (FL, Carnestown Warbler 19,582 (NC, Bodie-Pea Is. 76), Fort Lauderdale 69), Gray-crowned 71), N. Mockingbird 1742 (TX, Laguna Black-throated Gray Warbler 33 (AZ, Yellowthroat 2 (TX, Brownsville 110), Atascosa N.W.R. 59), Bahama Phoenix 75), Golden-cheeked Warbler 1 Hooded Warbler 2 (TX, Big Bend N.P. Mockingbird 1 (FL, Dade Co. 96), Sage (TX, San Antonio 101), Black-throated [east] 110), Wilson’s Warbler 107 (TX, Thrasher 338 (NM, Carlsbad Caverns Green Warbler 25 (TX, Santa Ana Freeport 85), Canada Warbler 2, (FL, N.P. 90), Brown Thrasher 1445 (TX, N.W.R. 99), Townsend’s Warbler 887 Cocoa 66), Painted Redstart 17 (AZ, Houston 67), Long-billed Thrasher 117 (CA, Monterey Pen. 99), Hermit Warbler Green Valley-Madera Canyon 109), (TX, Santa Ana N.W.R. 97), Bendire’s 22 (CA, Monterey Pen. 85), Blackburnian Golden-crowned Warbler 1 (TX, Thrasher 61 (AZ, Santa Catalina Warbler 2 (FL, Cocoa 64, Lake Wales 78 Anzalduas-Bentsen 96, Santa Ana N.W.R. Mountains 68), Curve-billed Thrasher and West Palm Beach 67; LA, Pine Prairie 90, and Weslaco 108), Rufous-capped 576 (AZ, Tucson Valley 83), California 83; TX, Brazoria 86 and Brownsville 88), Warbler 3 (AZ, Green Valley-Madera Thrasher 441 (CA, San Jose 85), Crissal Yellow-throated Warbler 85 (FL, Coot Canyon 109), Yellow-breasted Chat 17 Thrasher 113 (NM, Peloncillo Mountains Bay-Everglades N.P. 67), Grace’s Warbler (MA, Cape Cod 109), Bananaquit 1 (FL, 93), Le Conte’s Thrasher 41 (CA, Taft- 2 (CA, Santa Barbara 85, 86), Pine Fort Lauderdale 94 and Key Largo- Maricopa 70), Blue Mockingbird 1 (AZ, Warbler 1600 (FL, West Pasco [New Port Plantation Key 72), Hepatic Tanager 27 Patagonia 92; TX, Santa Ana N.W.R. Richey] 107), Prairie Warbler 277 (FL, (AZ, Atascosa Highlands 109), Summer 103), Eur. Starling 20,001,850 (LA, Pine Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 78), Palm Tanager 7 (CA, Orange Co. [coastal] 104 Prairie 90), Com. Myna 6447 (HI, Warbler 2814 (FL, Fort Lauderdale 69), and San Diego 110), Scarlet Tanager 2 O’ahu: Honolulu 68), Crested Myna 8 Bay-breasted Warbler 2 (FL, Cocoa 65, (FL, Cocoa 67), W. Tanager 28 (CA, Santa (FL, Dade Co. 86, 88), Hill Myna 40 ex 75, 105, Fort Lauderdale 73 and Naples Barbara 85), W. Spindalis 1 (FL, Kendall (FL, Kendall Area 105), White Wagtail 1 68; LA, Johnsons Bayou 82 and New Area 107, Key Largo-Plantation Key 72, (CA, Santa Maria-Guadalupe 110 and Orleans 68; VA, Shenandoah Valley 79), 80, Key West 105, Marathon-Grassy Key Ventura 89), White/Black-backed Wagtail Blackpoll Warbler 3 (TX, Anzalduas- 72 and West Palm Beach 64, 80), Blue- 1 (CA, Moss Landing 91), Black-backed Bentsen 80), Cerulean Warbler 1 (FL, gray Tanager 3 ex (FL, Dade Co. 74). Wagtail 1 (CA, San Jose 101), Am. Pipit Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary 81; GA, White-collared Seedeater 170 (TX, 9794 (CA, Sacramento 60), Sprague’s Glynn Co. 73; LA, Creole 95). Harlingen 39), Yellow-faced Grassquit 18 Pipit 190 (TX, Corpus Christi 67), Black-and-white Warbler 10 (FL, Coot (HI, O’ahu: Waipi’o 80), Saffron Finch Bohemian Waxwing 22,245 (AK, Bay-Everglades N.P. 81), Am. Redstart 31 476 (HI, N. Kona 93), Red-crested Anchorage 109), Cedar Waxwing 9369 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 104 and Cardinal 651 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 88), (TX, Freeport 105), Phainopepla 848 Fort Lauderdale 67), Prothonotary Yellow-billed Cardinal 70 (HI, Hawai’i: (AZ, Salt-Verde Rivers 91). Warbler 4 (SC, Hilton Head Is. 93), North Kona 89), Yellow Cardinal 29 ex Olive Warbler 18 (AZ, Patagonia 108, Worm-eating Warbler 4 (FL, Coot Bay- (HI, N. Kona 90), Olive Sparrow 245 and Ramsey Canyon 84), Blue-winged Everglades N.P. 103), Swainson’s Warbler (TX, Harlingen 39), Green-tailed Towhee Warbler 2 (FL, Gainesville 105; MS, 1 (FL, Lower Keys 65; TX Matagorda Co.- 290 (AZ, Nogales 70), Spotted Towhee Lauderdale Co. 107, 108), Golden- Mad Is. Marsh 104, 110), Ovenbird 37 1043 (CA, Oakland 75), E. Towhee 790 winged Warbler 1 (CA, La Purisma 101, (FL, Fort Lauderdale 67), N. Waterthrush (FL, Lake Placid 93), Canyon Towhee Orange Co. [coastal] 102 and San Diego 40 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 69), 433 (AZ, Portal94), California Towhee 91; TX, Matagorda Co. - Mad Is. Marsh Louisiana Waterthrush 3 (FL, Lower Keys 2110 (CA, Oakland 75), Abert’s Towhee 102), Tennessee Warbler 10 (TX, 56; SC, Charleston 58), Kentucky Warbler 1104 (AZ, Gila River 97), Rufous-winged Matagorda Co. - Mad Is. Marsh 107), 1 (AR, Conway 102; AZ, Green Valley- Sparrow 236 (AZ, Green Valley-Madera Orange-crowned Warbler 802 (AZ, Madera Canyon 109; CA, Morro Bay 87, Canyon 109), Cassin’s Sparrow 193 (AZ, Phoenix 83), Nashville Warbler 55 (TX, 97, Orange Co. [coastal] 84, Pasadena-San Ramsey Canyon 83), Botteri’s Sparrow 7 Santa Ana N.W.R. 62), Virginia’s Warbler Gabriel Valley 94 and Santa Barbara 84; (TX, Laguna Atascosa N.W.R.106), 2 (CA, Monterey Pen. 94 and Orange Co. FL, Captiva-Sanibel Is. 95, Coot Bay- Bachman’s Sparrow 50 (FL, Avon Park [coastal] 82; TX, El Paso 74), Lucy’s Everglades N.P. 51, 61, Corkscrew Swamp A.F. Range 94, 95), Rufous-crowned Warbler 2 (AZ, Organ Pipe Cactus N.M. Sanctuary 95 and Venice-Englewood 91; Sparrow 460 (AZ, Atascosa Highlands 78 and Tucson Valley 73; CA, Crystal LA, Johnsons Bayou 78 and New Orleans 92), Five-striped Sparrow 6 (AZ, Atascosa Springs 96 and San Diego 80), Crescent- 67; PA, Elverson 74; SC, McClellanville Highlands 89), Am. Tree Sparrow 12,092 chested Warbler 1 (AZ, Patagonia 93, 94), 95; TX, Anzalduas-Bentsen 64, 73, Bolivar (KS, Emporia 84), Chipping Sparrow N. Parula 40 (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades Pen. 81, Brownsville 50, Comstock 82, 9610 (AZ, Nogales 77), Clay-colored N.P. 61), Tropical Parula 5 (TX, Freeport 60, 63, 72, 73, Galveston 65, Sparrow 682 (TX, Santa Elena Canyon Anzalduas-Bentsen 75), Yellow Warbler Harlingen 48, Houston 58, 77, 71), Brewer’s Sparrow 13,462 (NM, 43 (FL, Key Largo-Plantation Key 103), Matagorda Co. - Mad Is. Marsh 103, San Peloncillo Mts. 100), Field Sparrow 1471 Chestnut-sided Warbler 3(AZ, Phoenix Antonio 72 and Santa Ana N.W.R. 75), (TX, Tyler 60), Black-chinned Sparrow 85), Magnolia Warbler 12 (FL, Fort Connecticut Warbler 2 (TX, Freeport 68), 126 (AZ, Green Valley-Madera Canyon Lauderdale 72), Cape May Warbler 17 Mourning Warbler 2 (TX, Anzalduas- 87), Vesper Sparrow 6713 (TX, Attwater (FL, Coot Bay-Everglades N.P. 80 and Bentsen 65 and Fort Worth 41), Prairie Chicken N.W.R. 81), Lark Key Largo-Plantation Key 96), Black- MacGillivray’s Warbler 2 (AZ, Phoenix 69, Sparrow 886 (AZ, Nogales 85), Black- throated Blue Warbler 9 (FL, Fort 72 and Santa Catalina Mountains 65; CA, throated Sparrow 3590 (AZ, Superior Lauderdale 109), Yellow-rumped Mendocino Coast 87, Orange Co. 109), Sage Sparrow 786 (CA, Butterbredt (Audubon’s) Warbler 9600 (CA, San [coastal] 109 and San Diego 68; OR, Spring 108), Lark Bunting 13,512 (TX, Diego 65), Yellow-rumped (Myrtle) Eugene 68), Com. Yellowthroat 1282 (FL, Midland 60).

THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 127 Savannah Sparrow 11,128 (LA, Tensas Laredo 105, and Weslaco 109), Blue Grosbeak Goldfinch 8 ex (NJ, Englewood 14), River N.W.R. 90), Savannah (Belding’s) 18 (AZ, Nogales 75), Lazuli Bunting 287 (AZ, Oriental Greenfinch 1 (CA, Arcata 87), Sparrow 374 (CA, San Diego 84), Nogales 70), Indigo Bunting 199 (FL, Yellow-fronted Canary 314 (HI, N. Kona Savannah (Ipswich) Sparrow 110 (MD, Fort Lauderdale 69), Varied Bunting 1 92), Com. Canary 1915 (HI, Midway Ocean City 105), Savannah (Large-billed) (AZ, Santa Catalina Mountains 65; TX, Atoll 101), White-rumped Seedeater 37 Sparrow 269 (CA, San Diego 41), Big Bend N.P. [east] 79, and Chisos (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 68), Evening Grasshopper Sparrow 156 (TX, Attwater Mountains 68, 87, 91), Painted Bunting Grosbeak 11,623 (NY, S. Rensselaer Co. Prairie Chicken N.W.R. 97), Baird’s 453 (FL, Fort Lauderdale 66), Dickcissel 79), Laysan Finch 465 (HI, Laysan Is. Sparrow 52 (TX, El Paso 59), Henslow’s 200 (TX, Corpus Christi 97). 100), O’u 3 (HI, Hawai’i: Volcano 84), Sparrow 107 (MS, Jackson Co. 104), Le Bobolink 32 (SC, Hilton Head Is. 68), Maui Parrotbill 7 (HI, Maui: Pu’u O Conte’s Sparrow 344 (TX, Freeport 95), Red-winged Blackbird 53,148,120 (LA, Kaka’e 99), Hawaii Amakihi 900 (HI, Saltmarsh Sparrow 100 (SC, McClellanville Pine Prairie 88), Tricolored Blackbird Hawai’i: Volcano 83), Maui Amakihi 261 101), Nelson’s Sparrow 355 (LA, Sabine 44,560 (CA, Peace Valley 77), E. (HI, Maui: Pu’u O Kali 80), Oahu N.W.R. 80, 90), Seaside Sparrow 995 Meadowlark 3814 (TX, Port Aransas 90), Amakihi 182 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 80), (GA, St. Catherine’s Is. 109), Seaside W. Meadowlark 9032 (CA, Peace Valley Kauai Amakihi 135 (HI, Kaua’i: Waimea (Dusky) Sparrow 25 (FL, Titusville- 87), Yellow-headed Blackbird 47,564 (AZ, 100), Anianiau 82 (HI, Waimea 97), Merritt Is. 36), Fox Sparrow 1147 (CA, Phoenix 56), Rusty Blackbird 1,100,000 Akiapolaau 37 (HI, Hawai’i: Volcano 78), Arcata 107), Fox (E.)Sparrow 50 (NC, (GA, Rome 70), Brewer’s Blackbird Akikiki 25 (HI, Pawainui Falls 74), Hawaii Chapell Hill 34), Fox (Red) Sparrow 12 3,900,000 (GA, Rome 63), Com. Grackle Creeper 53 (HI, Hawai’i: Volcano 78), (TN, Knoxville 108), Fox (Sooty) Sparrow 27,509,196 (LA, Pine Prairie 88), Boat- Oahu Alauahio 8 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 610 (WA, Grays Harbor 105), Fox (Slate- tailed Grackle 155,247 (TX, Matagorda 41), Maui Alauahio 133 (HI, Maui: Pu’u colored) Sparrow 13 (CA, Yreka 109), Fox Co. Mad Is. Marsh 105), Great-tailed O Kaka’e 99), Maui Creeper 72 (HI, Maui: (Thick-billed) Sparrow 19 (CA, Santa Grackle 1,000,056 (OK, Sooner Lake Pu’u O Kaka’e 90), Akekee 43 (HI, Barbara 37), Song Sparrow 3624 (PA, 109), Shiny Cowbird 29 (FL, Naples 98), Waimea 103), Hawaii Akepa 100 (HI, Glenolden 66), Lincoln’s Sparrow 897 Bronzed Cowbird 15,109 (TX, Kingsville Hawai’i: Volcano 77), Kauai Akepa 35 (HI, (AZ, Patagonia 91), Swamp Sparrow 4315 85), Brown-headed Cowbird 38,201,300 Kaua’i: Pawainui 74), Iiwi 910 (HI, (LA, Reserve-Bonnet Carre Spillway 84), (LA, Pine Prairie 87), Orchard Oriole 12 Hawai’i: Volcano 79), Akohekohe 58 (HI, White-throated Sparrow 7323 (PA, (TX, Laguna Atascosa N.W.R. 103), Maui: Pu’u O Kaka’e 99), Apapane 9024 Central Bucks Co. 86), Harris’s Sparrow Hooded Oriole 8 (CA, Orange Co. (HI, Hawai’i: Volcano 79), Poo-uli 2 (HI, 21,900 (KS, Udall 68), White-crowned [coastal] 59), Streak-backed Oriole 1 (AZ, Maui: Pu’u O Kaka’e 99), House Sparrow Sparrow 20,999 (AZ, Phoenix 59), White- Buenos Aires N.W.R. 91, Dudleyville 101, 2,555,000 (IL, Chicago Urban 74), Eurasian crowned (Gambel’s) Sparrow 2128 (CA, Patagonia 106, Portal 108, and Tucson Tree Sparrow 1490 (IL, Meredosia Is. 86). San Diego 41), White-crowned (Nuttall’s) Valley 76; CA, Orange Co. [coastal] 97; Orange Bishop 11 ex (CA, Palos Verdes Sparrow 3179 (CA, San Francisco 43), CO, Loveland 108; NM, Albuquerque 101), Pen. 109), Red Bishop 74 ex (CA, Pasadena- Golden-crowned Sparrow 4912 (OR, Bullock’s Oriole 24 (CA, Santa Barbara San Gabriel Valley 100), Yellow-crowned Corvallis 81), Dark-eyed (Gray-headed) 84), Spot-breasted Oriole 104 (FL, Fort Bishop 2 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 70), Red- Junco 2376 (TX, Davis Mountains 92), Lauderdale 75), Altamira Oriole 48 (TX, billed Fire-Finch 30 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu Dark-eyed (Oregon) Junco 4780 (CA, Anzalduas-Bentsen 75), Audubon’s Oriole 66), African Fire-Finch 69 (HI, O’ahu: Etna 104), Dark-eyed (Pink-sided) Junco 42 (TX, Chaparral W.M.A. 105), Baltimore Honolulu 8), Red-cheeked Cordonbleu 9 976 (CO, Penrose 109), Dark-eyed (Slate- Oriole 72 (FL, Gainesville 107), Scott’s (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 77), African col.) Junco 9562 (MA, Concord 110), Oriole 29 (AZ, Atascosa Highlands 109). Cordonbleu 17 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 73), Dark-eyed (W.-w.) Junco 721 (SD, Rapid Com. Chaffinch 1 (LA, Venice 79; MA, Blue-capped Cordonbleu 12 (HI, O’ahu: City 77), Yellow-eyed Junco 441 (AZ, Greater Boston 110), Brambling 4 (AK, Honolulu 70), Lavender Waxbill 49 (HI, Santa Catalina Mountains 78), McCown’s Kodiak 92), Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch Hawai’i: North Kona 93), Orange-cheeked Longspur 2720 (TX, Buffalo Lake N.W.R. 5420 (UT, Salt Lake City 54), Black Rosy- Waxbill 49 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 90), 83), Lapland Longspur 66,910 (KS, Finch 2650 (UT, Salt Lake City 53), Black-rumped Waxbill 48 (HI, O’ahu: Liberal-Seward Co. 93), Smith’s Longspur Brown-capped Rosy-Finch 1300 (CO, Honolulu 76), Com. Waxbill 1727 (HI, 1365 (OK, Hulah Reservoir 89), Gunnison 73), Rosy Finch 6089 (UT, Salt O’ahu: Waipi’o 107), Red Avadavat 315 Chestnut-collared Longspur 3000 (KS, Lake City 54), Pine Grosbeak 1376 (AK, (HI, O’ahu: Waipi’o 88), Diamond Firetail Quivira N.W.R. 61), Rustic Bunting 1 Anchorage 85), Purple Finch 4453 (NC, 1 ex (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 67), African (AK, Fairbanks 95 and Narrow Cape- Chapel Hill 81), Cassin’s Finch 3190 (NM, Silverbill 30 (HI, Moloka’i: Kualapu’u Kalsin Bay 91; CA, Willow Creek 96), Espanola 73), House Finch 21,621 (CA, 106), Warbling Silverbill 320 (HI, Snow Bunting 55,839 (ND, Des Lacs San Fernando Valley 67), Red Crossbill Moloka’i: Kualapu’u 93), Nutmeg Mannikin N.W.R. 61), McKay’s Bunting 50 (AK, 1744 (CA, Marin Co. [southern] 85), 2578 (HI, Kaua’i: Kapa’a 74), Ricebird 421 Nome 104), Crimson-collared Grosbeak 3 White-winged Crossbill 2380 (AK, Glacier (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 56), Chestnut (TX, Weslaco 105). Bay 103), Com. Redpoll 15,150 (ND, Mannikin 5052 (HI, Waipi’o 88), Chestnut N. Cardinal 3775 (OH, Cincinnati Dunseith 86), Hoary Redpoll 1029 (AK, Mannikin 1 ex (CA, Long Beach-El Dorado 93), Pyrrhuloxia 1258 (TX, Chaparral Fairbanks 74), Eurasian Siskin 1 (WI, 104), Java Sparrow 3216 (HI, O’ahu: W.M.A. 100), Rose-breasted Grosbeak 4 Kenosha Co. 74) Pine Siskin 9116 (CA, W. Honolulu 94), Village Indigobird 1 (HI, (MI, Pontiac 86), Black-headed Grosbeak Sonoma Co. 85), Lesser Goldfinch 3731 O’ahu: Honolulu 70), Pin-tailed Whydah 7 (CA, Orange Co. [NE] 64), Blue Bunting (CA, Oroville 77), Lawrence’s Goldfinch 18 (HI, O’ahu: Honolulu 75), Zebra Finch 1 (LA, Johnsons Bayou 80; TX, Anzalduas- 1851 (AZ, Nogales 75), Am. Goldfinch 3 ex (TX, Uvalde Co. 96). TOTAL BIRDS Bentsen 86, 88, 95, Aransas N.W.R. 90, 8986 (MI, Grand Rapids 85), Eur. 108,687,741 (LA, Pine Prairie 87).

128 AMERICAN BIRDS