Groundwater Issues in the Paleozoic Plateau a Taste of Karst, a Modicum of Geology, and a Whole Lot of Scenery
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Stratographic Coloumn of Iowa
Iowa Stratographic Column November 4, 2013 QUATERNARY Holocene Series DeForest Formation Camp Creek Member Roberts Creek Member Turton Submember Mullenix Submember Gunder Formation Hatcher Submember Watkins Submember Corrington Formation Flack Formation Woden Formation West Okoboji Formation Pleistocene Series Wisconsinan Episode Peoria Formation Silt Facies Sand Facies Dows Formation Pilot Knob Member Lake Mills Member Morgan Member Alden Member Noah Creek Formation Sheldon Creek Formation Roxana/Pisgah Formation Illinoian Episode Loveland Formation Glasford Formation Kellerville Memeber Pre-Illinoian Wolf Creek Formation Hickory Hills Member Aurora Memeber Winthrop Memeber Alburnett Formation A glacial tills Lava Creek B Volcanic Ash B glacial tills Mesa Falls Volcanic Ash Huckleberry Ridge Volcanic Ash C glacial tills TERTIARY Salt & Pepper sands CRETACEOUS "Manson" Group "upper Colorado" Group Niobrara Formation Fort Benton ("lower Colorado ") Group Carlile Shale Greenhorn Limestone Graneros Shale Dakota Formation Woodbury Member Nishnabotna Member Windrow Formation Ostrander Member Iron Hill Member JURASSIC Fort Dodge Formation PENNSYLVANIAN (subsystem of Carboniferous System) Wabaunsee Group Wood Siding Formation Root Formation French Creek Shale Jim Creek Limestone Friedrich Shale Stotler Formation Grandhaven Limestone Dry Shale Dover Limestone Pillsbury Formation Nyman Coal Zeandale Formation Maple Hill Limestone Wamego Shale Tarkio Limestone Willard Shale Emporia Formation Elmont Limestone Harveyville Shale Reading Limestone Auburn -
Karst Features — Where and What Are They?
Karst Features — Where and What are They? This story was made with Esri's Story Map Journal. Read the interactive version on the web at https://arcg.is/jCmza. Iowa Geological and Water Survey Bureau completed a detailed mapping project of bedrock geologic units, key subsurface horizons, and surficial karst features in the Iowa portion of the Upper Iowa River Watershed in 2011. In the report, they note that “One of the primary goals of the study was to gain more thorough understanding of relationships between bedrock geology and karst features within the watershed.” Black River Falls photo courtesy of Larry Reis. Sinkholes Esri, HERE, Garmin, FAO, USGS, NGA, EPA, NPS According to the GIS data from the Iowa DNR, the UIR Watershed has 6,649 known sinkholes in the Iowa portion of the watershed. Although this number is very precise, sinkhole development is actually an active process in the UIR Watershed so the actual number of sinkholes changes over time as some are filled in through natural or human processes and others are formed. One of the most numerous karst features found in the UIR Watershed, sinkholes are formed when specific types of underlying bedrock are gradually dissolved, creating voids in the subsurface. When soils and other materials above these voids can no longer bridge the gap created in the bedrock, a collapse occurs. Photo Courtesy of USGS Sinkholes vary in size and shape and can and do occur in any type of land use in the UIR Watershed, from row crop to forest, and even in roads. According to the Iowa Geologic Survey, sinkholes are often connected to underground bedrock fractures and conduits, from minor fissures to enlarged caverns, which allow for rapid movement of water from sinkholes vertically and laterally through the subsurface. -
Living on the Edge
Living on the Ledge Life in Eastern Wisconsin Outline • Location of Niagara Escarpment Eastern U.S. • General geology • Locations of the escarpment in Wisconsin • Neda Iron mine and early geologists • Silurian Dolostone of Waukesha Co.- Lannon Stone , past and present quarries • The Great Lakes Watershed Niagara Falls NY – Rock falls caused by undercutting: notice the pile of broken rock at base of American falls. Top Layer is equivalent to Waukesha/ Lannon Stone You may have see Niagara Falls locally if you visited the Hudson River painters exhibit at MAM. Fredrick Church 1867 Fredrick Church 1857 Or you can see a bit of the Ledge as a table top while meditating with a bottle of Silurian Stout in my yard Fr. Louis Hennepin sketch of Niagara Falls 1698 Niagara Falls - the equivalent stratigraphic section in N.Y. from which the correlation of the Neda to the Clinton Iron was incorrectly made Waterfalls associated with the Niagara Escarpment all follow this pattern- resistant cap rock and soft shale underneath The “Ledge” of Western NY The Niagara Escarpment Erie Canal locks at Lockport NY The Erie Canal that followed the lowland until it reached the Niagara Escarpment The names of Silurian rocks in the Midwestern states change with location and sometimes with authors! 417mya Stratigraphic column for rocks of Eastern Wisconsin. 443mya Note the Niagara Escarpment rocks at the top. The Escarpment is the result of resistant dolostone 495mya cap rock and soft shale rock below The Michigan Basin- Showing outcrops of Silurian rocks Location of major Silurian Outcrops in Eastern Wisconsin Peninsula Park from both top and bottom Ephraim Sven’s Overlook Door County – Fish Creek Niagara Escarpment in the background Door Co Shoreline Cave Point near Jacksonport - Door Co Cave Point - 2013 Cave Point - Door Co - 2013 during low lake levels Jean Nicolet 1634 overlooking Green Bay WI while standing on the Ledge Wequiock Falls near Green Bay WI. -
Bedrock Geology of Altenburg Quadrangle, Jackson County
BEDROCK GEOLOGY OF ALTENBURG QUADRANGLE Institute of Natural Resource Sustainability William W. Shilts, Executive Director JACKSON COUNTY, ILLINOIS AND PERRY COUNTY, MISSOURI STATEMAP Altenburg-BG ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY E. Donald McKay III, Interim Director Mary J. Seid, Joseph A. Devera, Allen L. Weedman, and Dewey H. Amos 2009 360 GEOLOGIC UNITS ) ) ) 14 Qal Alluvial deposits ) 13 18 Quaternary Pleistocene and Holocene 17 360 ) 15 360 16 14 0 36 ) 13 Qf Fan deposits ) Unconformity Qal ) & 350 tl Lower Tradewater Formation Atokan ) ) Pennsylvanian 360 ) &cv Caseyville Formation Morrowan 24 360 ) Unconformity ) 17 Upper Elviran undivided, Meu ) Waltersburg to top of Degonia 19 20 Qal 21 22 23 ) 24 ) Mv Vienna Limestone 360 o ) 3 Mts ) 350 Mts Tar Springs Sandstone ) 20 360 ) Mgd 360 30 ) Mgd Glen Dean Limestone ) 21 350 360 Mts 29 ) Qal Hardinsburg Sandstone and J N Mhg Chesterian ) Golconda Formations h Æ Qal Mav anc 28 27 Br ) N oJ 26 25 JN 85 N ) Cypress Sandstone through J Mcpc Dsl 500 Paint Creek Formation JN N ) J o Mts N 5 J s ) Dgt 600 J N 70 J N Mgd Yankeetown Formation s ) Myr Db 80 28 Æ and Renault Sandstone N J 29 N J N ) Sb J Mgd Mississippian o Dgt Ssc 25 Clines o N 25 Msg 27 ) Qal J 80 s 3 Mav Aux Vases Sandstone N J N Mts o MILL J MISSISSIPPI 34 ) Qal J N ) N J Dsl 35 N 26 J o N 25 J Mgd Mgd ) Msg Ste. Genevieve Limestone 500 o Db DITCH J 20 Mgd N N N ) J J o RIVER o N 600 J 80 N ) 10 o J Mav Æ Msl St. -
Download Printable Version of the Geology and Why It Matters Story
Geology and Why it Matters This story was made with Esri's Story Map Journal. Read the interactive version on the web at http://arcg.is/qrG8W. The geology, landforms and land features are extremely important components of watersheds. They influence water quality, hydrology and watershed resiliency. Every watershed has critical areas where water interacts with and mobilizes contaminants, including non-point and point source contributions to surface water bodies. Where and how nutrients, bacteria and/or pesticides are mobilized to reach surface water can be better understood through a careful study of subsurface hydrology, or hydrogeology, which, according to the Iowa Geological and Water Survey Bureau, “allows better identification for sources, pathways and delivery points for groundwater and contaminants transported through the watershed’s subsurface geological plumbing system.” Diagram courtesy of Iowa DNR Iowa Geological Survey The highly developed karst topography and highly permeable bedrock layers of the Upper Iowa River increase the depth from which actively circulating groundwater contributes to stream flows, making an understanding of the hydrogeology even more important. Fortunately, the Iowa Geological and Water Survey Bureau completed a detailed mapping project of bedrock geologic units, key subsurface horizons, and surficial karst features in the Iowa portion of the Upper Iowa River watershed in 2011. The project “provides information on the subsurface part of the watersheds, which is necessary for evaluating the vulnerability of groundwater to nonpoint-source contamination, the groundwater contributions to surface water contamination, and for targeting best management practices for water quality improvements.” The map on the right shows the surface elevation of bedrock in the state of Iowa and the Upper Iowa River Watershed. -
Physical Geography of Southeast Asia
Physical Geography of Southeast Asia Creating an Annotated Sketch Map of Southeast Asia By Michelle Crane Teacher Consultant for the Texas Alliance for Geographic Education Texas Alliance for Geographic Education; http://www.geo.txstate.edu/tage/ September 2013 Guiding Question (5 min.) . What processes are responsible for the creation and distribution of the landforms and climates found in Southeast Asia? Texas Alliance for Geographic Education; http://www.geo.txstate.edu/tage/ September 2013 2 Draw a sketch map (10 min.) . This should be a general sketch . do not try to make your map exactly match the book. Just draw the outline of the region . do not add any features at this time. Use a regular pencil first, so you can erase. Once you are done, trace over it with a black colored pencil. Leave a 1” border around your page. Texas Alliance for Geographic Education; http://www.geo.txstate.edu/tage/ September 2013 3 Texas Alliance for Geographic Education; http://www.geo.txstate.edu/tage/ September 2013 4 Looking at your outline map, what two landforms do you see that seem to dominate this region? Predict how these two landforms would affect the people who live in this region? Texas Alliance for Geographic Education; http://www.geo.txstate.edu/tage/ September 2013 5 Peninsulas & Islands . Mainland SE Asia consists of . Insular SE Asia consists of two large peninsulas thousands of islands . Malay Peninsula . Label these islands in black: . Indochina Peninsula . Sumatra . Label these peninsulas in . Java brown . Sulawesi (Celebes) . Borneo (Kalimantan) . Luzon Texas Alliance for Geographic Education; http://www.geo.txstate.edu/tage/ September 2013 6 Draw a line on your map to indicate the division between insular and mainland SE Asia. -
Exploring Wisconsin Geology
UW Green Bay Lifelong Learning Institute January 7, 2020 Exploring Wisconsin Geology With GIS Mapping Instructor: Jeff DuMez Introduction This course will teach you how to access and interact with a new online GIS map revealing Wisconsin’s fascinating past and present geology. This online map shows off the state’s famous glacial landforms in amazing detail using new datasets derived from LiDAR technology. The map breathes new life into hundreds of older geology maps that have been scanned and georeferenced as map layers in the GIS app. The GIS map also lets you Exploring Wisconsin Geology with GIS mapping find and interact with thousands of bedrock outcrop locations, many of which have attached descriptions, sketches, or photos. Tap the GIS map to view a summary of the surface and bedrock geology of the area chosen. The map integrates data from the Wisconsin Geological & Natural History Survey, the United States Geological Survey, and other sources. How to access the online map on your computer, tablet, or smart phone The Wisconsin Geology GIS map can be used with any internet web browser. It also works on tablets and on smartphones which makes it useful for field trips. You do not have to install any special software or download an app; The map functions as a web site within your existing web browser simply by going to this URL (click here) or if you need a website address to type in enter: https://tinyurl.com/WiscoGeology If you lose this web site address, go to Google or any search engine and enter a search for “Wisconsin Geology GIS Map” to find it. -
3-D Window Into Wisconsin's Geology
LESSON PLAN | FOCUS ON GEOLOGY 3-D window into Wisconsin’s geology M. Carol McCartney, Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey | 2019 Concepts to learn This activity is designed to engage students in asking questions about the shape of the land surface in Wisconsin using the 3-D Wisconsin map. Students will: ❚ Describe features in maps. ❚ Identify topographic features and understand geo- logic process that affected their formation. ❚ List observations and interpretations, and draw conclusions about processes that shaped the land surface. Background Figure 1. The 3-D Wisconsin poster, Look at the 3-D Wisconsin map wearing 3-D glasses. available at wgnhs.org. What do you notice? What makes you wonder? What do you hope your students will want to know 3-D Wisconsin map. The map has text that describes more about? each of the numbered features; the website that sup- The 3-D Wisconsin map can be a portal to under- ports the map contains additional information about standing Wisconsin’s geologic story. The landscape each feature. That site is at wgnhs.org/wisconsin- that jumps off the page of the 3-D map was shaped geology/major-landscape-features. by geologic processes that started around 3 billion There are many more features on the landscape years ago and that continue today—with some pretty beyond the 14 described on the map. We include ad- spectacular events along the way. ditional resources for you or your students to further Details often noticed (numbers refer to numbered investigate how Wisconsin was shaped. descriptions from -
Revised Correlation of Silurian Provincial Series of North America with Global and Regional Chronostratigraphic Units 13 and D Ccarb Chemostratigraphy
Revised correlation of Silurian Provincial Series of North America with global and regional chronostratigraphic units 13 and d Ccarb chemostratigraphy BRADLEY D. CRAMER, CARLTON E. BRETT, MICHAEL J. MELCHIN, PEEP MA¨ NNIK, MARK A. KLEFF- NER, PATRICK I. MCLAUGHLIN, DAVID K. LOYDELL, AXEL MUNNECKE, LENNART JEPPSSON, CARLO CORRADINI, FRANK R. BRUNTON AND MATTHEW R. SALTZMAN Cramer, B.D., Brett, C.E., Melchin, M.J., Ma¨nnik, P., Kleffner, M.A., McLaughlin, P.I., Loydell, D.K., Munnecke, A., Jeppsson, L., Corradini, C., Brunton, F.R. & Saltzman, M.R. 2011: Revised correlation of Silurian Provincial Series of North America with global 13 and regional chronostratigraphic units and d Ccarb chemostratigraphy. Lethaia,Vol.44, pp. 185–202. Recent revisions to the biostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic assignment of strata from the type area of the Niagaran Provincial Series (a regional chronostratigraphic unit) have demonstrated the need to revise the chronostratigraphic correlation of the Silurian System of North America. Recently, the working group to restudy the base of the Wen- lock Series has developed an extremely high-resolution global chronostratigraphy for the Telychian and Sheinwoodian stages by integrating graptolite and conodont biostratigra- 13 phy with carbonate carbon isotope (d Ccarb) chemostratigraphy. This improved global chronostratigraphy has required such significant chronostratigraphic revisions to the North American succession that much of the Silurian System in North America is cur- rently in a state of flux and needs further refinement. This report serves as an update of the progress on recalibrating the global chronostratigraphic correlation of North Ameri- can Provincial Series and Stage boundaries in their type area. -
ROOT RIVER ONE WATERSHED, ONE PLAN -I- SWCD Soil and Water Conservation District
Cold Snap Photography Prepared For: Root River Planning Partnership Prepared By: Houston Engineering, Inc. Photo by Bob Joachim Root River Watershed | ONE WATERSHED, ONE PLAN List of PLan Abbreviations i Plan Definitions iii Executive Summary iv 1. INTRODUCTION 1-1 1.1 Preamble 1-1 1.2 Plan Area 1-1 1.3 Watershed Characteristics 1-4 1.4 Plan Overview 1-4 1.5 Plan Partners and Roles in Plan Development 1-5 1.6 Incorporating Comments into the Plan __________________1-7 2. ANALYSIS AND PRIORITIZATION OF RESOURCES, CONCERNS, AND ISSUES CAUSING CONCERN 2-1 2.1 Definitions 2-1 2.2 Identifying Potential Resource Concerns and Issues 2-2 2.3 Prioritizing Potential Resource Concerns and Issues 2-13 2.4 Priority Resource Concerns and Issues 2-14 2.4.1 "A" Level Priorities 2-14 2.4.1.1 Description and Resource Concern Locations 2-14 2.4.1.2 Issues Affecting "A" Level Priority Resource Concerns 2-18 2.4.2 "B" Level Priorities 2-18 2.4.2.1 Description and Landscape Locations 2-18 2.4.2.2 Issues Affecting “B” Level Priority Resource Concerns 2-26 2.4.3 "C" Level Priorities 2-26 2.4.3.1 Issues Affecting “C” Level Priority Resource Concerns 2-35 2.5 Use of Priority Categories in Plan Implementation 2-35 2.6 Emerging Issues 2-35 2.6.1 "Scientific and Technical Emerging Issues 2-36 2.61.1 Climate Change and Infrastructure Resilience 2-36 2.6.1.2 Endocrine Active Compounds 2-37 2.6.1.3 Water Movement Within a Karst Landscape 2-37 2.6.1.4 Improving Soil Health 2-37 2.6.1.5 Buffers for Public Waters and Drainage Systems 2-38 2.6.1.6 Invasive Species 2-38 2.6.1.7 -
Geoscience Wisconsin, V. 18 (2001)
GILBERT O. RAASCH, STUDENT OF WISCONSIN’S ANCIENT PAST Donald G. Mikulic1 Joanne Kluessendorf 2 ABSTRACT Milwaukee-born geologist and paleontologist Gilbert O. Raasch conducted the most extensive study of Wisconsin Paleozoic rocks during the first half of the twentieth century. Largely self- educated, he assembled comprehensive paleontological collections from Cambrian, Silurian, and Devonian strata of the state, documenting his work with detailed field notes and maps. Beginning when he was in high school and continuing through his time as a college student and museum professional, Raasch wrote a number of innovative papers about the geology of Wisconsin. Significantly, his detailed biostratigraphic approach allowed him to develop evidence that resolved some important geological controversies and misinterpretations of these rocks. Although widely recognized as the expert on Wisconsin Paleozoic geology, unfortunately Raasch never was able to secure the research position in the region that would have allowed him to continue to follow his interests and further develop his ideas. Although he expanded his studies into surrounding states, he eventually had to abandon his true research interests in favor of employment in the oil industry of western Canada. Although Raasch was very successful in this new pursuit, our understanding of Midwestern Paleozoic geology and paleontology suffered a significant loss by his departure. INTRODUCTION future, Raasch never was able to secure the type of Gilbert O. Raasch is widely acknowledged as Wis- employment in Wisconsin or the Midwest that his ca- consin’s most prominent twentieth-century student of pabilities and accomplishments warranted. Sadly, his Paleozoic geology and paleontology. Through classic research in the region was cut short, and he spent most papers, meticulously documented collections, detailed of the last sixty years of his life working elsewhere by field notes, and unpublished manuscripts, Raasch has necessity, not by choice. -
Spatial Variability of Levees As Measured Using the CPT
2nd International Symposium on Cone Penetration Testing, Huntington Beach, CA, USA, May 2010 Spatial Variability of Levees as Measured Using the CPT R.E.S. Moss Assistant Professor, Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo J. C. Hollenback Graduate Researcher, U.C. Berkeley J. Ng Undergraduate Researcher, Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo ABSTRACT: The spatial variability of a soil deposit is something that is commonly discussed but difficult to quantify. The heterogeneity as a function of lateral distance can be critical to the design of long engineered structures such as highways, bridges, levees, and other lifelines. This paper presents a methodology for using CPT mea- surements to quantifying the spatial variability of cone tip resistance along a levee in the California Bay Delta. The results, presented in the form of a general relative va- riogram, identify the distance at which the maximum spatial variability is achieved for a given soil strata. This information helps define minimally correlated stretches of levee for proper failure and risk analysis. Presented herein are methods of interpret- ing, calculating, and analyzing CPT data to arrive at the quantified spatial variability with respect to different static and seismic failure modes common to levee systems. 1 INTRODUCTION Spatial variability of engineering properties in soil strata is inherent to the nature of soil. Spatial variability is controlled primarily by the depositional environment where high energy systems usually deposit materials with high spatial variability (e.g. al- luvial gravels) and low energy systems usually deposit materials with low spatial va- riability (e.g. lacustrine clays). This spatial variability is generally taken into account in geotechnical design in a qualitative empirical manner through appropriately spaced borings to assess the changing subsurface conditions.