L'histoire Du Livre Saami En Finlande

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L'histoire Du Livre Saami En Finlande JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN HUMANITIES 304 Sophie Alix Capdeville L’histoire du livre saami en Finlande Ses racines et son développement de 1820 à 1920 JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN HUMANITIES 304 Sophie Alix Capdeville L’histoire du livre saami en Finlande Ses racines et son développement de 1820 à 1920 Esitetään Jyväskylän yliopiston humanistis-yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunnan suostumuksella julkisesti tarkastettavaksi yliopiston Agora-rakennuksen Lea Pulkkisen salissa helmikuun 17. päivänä 2017 kello 12. Thèse de doctorat présentée à la Faculté des Lettres et des Sciences sociales de l’université de Jyväskylä et soutenue publiquement dans la salle Lea Pulkkisen sali le 17 février 2017 à 12h UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ JYVÄSKYLÄ 2017 L’histoire du livre saami en Finlande Ses racines et son développement de 1820 à 1920 JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN HUMANITIES 304 Sophie Alix Capdeville L’histoire du livre saami en Finlande Ses racines et son développement de 1820 à 1920 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ JYVÄSKYLÄ 2017 Editors Hannele Dufva Department of Language and Communication Studies, University of Jyväskylä Pekka Olsbo, Timo Hautala Open Science Centre, University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Studies in Humanities Editorial Board Editor in Chief Heikki Hanka, Department of Music, Art and Culture Studies, University of Jyväskylä Petri Karonen, Department of History and Ethnology, University of Jyväskylä Paula Kalaja, Department of Language and Communication Studies, University of Jyväskylä Petri Toiviainen, Department of Music, Art and Culture Studies, University of Jyväskylä Tarja Nikula, Centre for Applied Language Studies, University of Jyväskylä Epp Lauk, Department of Languages and Communication Studies, University of Jyväskylä Cover pictures: Itkonen, Lauri 1906. Raammat Historja Hakkarainen, Aukusti 1906. Kievrra ja Kievrab Andelin, Anders 1860. Lutheruksen wähän Katekismuksen Yksinkertainen Selitys Kysymysten ja Wastausten kautta toimitettu Olaus Swebiliukselta... = Lutherus ucca Katekismusa, Oktkardasas’ C’ilggitus Kac’aldagai ja Wastadusai pokt c’allujuwwum... Fellman, Jacob 1825. Muttom Laulagak Permanent link to this publication: http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-39-6946-2 URN:ISBN:978-951-39-6946-2 ISBN 978-951-39-6946-2 (PDF) ISSN 1459-4331 ISBN 978-951-39-6945-5 (nid.) ISSN 1459-4323 Copyright © 2017, by University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä University Printing House, Jyväskylä 2017 ABSTRACT Capdeville, Sophie Alix The Saami book history in Finland: its roots and its development from 1820 to 1920 Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2017, 367 p. (Jyväskylä Studies in Humanities ISSN 1459-4323 (nid.), ISSN 1459-4331 (pdf); 304) ISBN 978-951-39-6945-5 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-6946-2 (PDF) The aim of the study is to examine the Saami book history in the context of Fin- land in order to understand its evolution from 1820 to 1920. The study focuses on books and other printed materials in Saami language(s) (or idioms) and it looks into archival documents to throw light on their intellectual history. The Saami book history has unfolded slowly, and occasionally, it has appeared to fall into decline. The present study follows the French school of book history that uses multidisciplinary methods to examine books as a reflection of ideolo- gy in the context of a given culture at a given time. Such an approach allows us to see how a minority can express itself, what possibilities there are and at what stage it finally gets to express itself with its own voice. To gain a better under- standing of this process, one also needs to study the multilingualism charac- teristic for the period of investigation: which were the languages that were used in this “minor literature” and what kind of functions the languages served. For example, while during the 19th century the number of books printed in Finnish language considerably increased, only few books were published in Saami. The present study examines the types of printed books and texts in Saami and aims at giving some explanations for the scarcity of publications by relating the find- ings to the cultural history of the time. Further, it is considered important in the present study that the personalities involved – translators, authors and others – are taken into account. A highly significant perspective – often neglected – is to consider the involvement of Saami speakers themselves: while the first Saami- language books were published at the beginning of the period of this investiga- tion, in early 1800s, the first Saami-language novel written by a Saami-speaker in Finland was published only at the beginning of the 20th century. Keywords: Book history, Saami culture, Finland, “minor literature”, 19th – 20th century Author Sophie Alix Capdeville Department of Languages and Communication Studies University of Jyväskylä Supervisor Professor Hannele Dufva Department of Languages and Communication Studies University of Jyväskylä Professor Outi Merisalo Department of Languages and Communication Studies University of Jyväskylä Professor Pauli Kettunen Department of Political and Economic Studies / Political History University of Helsinki Reviewers Professor Håkan Rydving Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies and Religion / History of Religions University of Bergen PhD Päivi Maria Pihlaja Department of Philosophy, History, Culture and Art Studies/Finnish and Nordic History University of Helsinki Opponent Professor Håkan Rydving REMERCIEMENTS J’ai été introduite au monde des bibliothèques dès mon adolescence. Cependant qui aurait alors pu imaginer que je m’égarerais dans les rayons d’anciennes col- lections, jusqu’à me laisser mener dans différentes archives pour tenter de mieux comprendre comment ces Fonds avaient alors été réunis ? C’est ainsi que j’ai entrepris un travail de longue haleine, qui m’a mené sur des sentiers sou- vent tortueux, mais pleins de surprises. Je regrette seulement que certaines per- sonnes ne soient plus de ce monde, pour voir l’achèvement de cette recherche. Il me faut adresser de vifs remerciements à mes directeurs qui ont soutenu et suivi l’évolution de ma thèse pendant ces nombreuses années : Madame le Professeur de linguistique appliquée, Hannele Dufva, qui a suivi mon travail et m’a encouragée, avec une écoute attentive, Madame le Professeur de philologie romane, Outi Merisalo avec qui j’ai entrepris l’étude plus approfondie de cer- tains domaines, et Monsieur le Professeur d’histoire politique, Pauli Kettunen, avec qui j’ai eu de longues discussions sur de nombreux sujets importants. Ce travail n’aurait pas vu le jour sans l’encouragement de Tuomas Magga, que je tiens aussi à mentionner ici. Je tiens aussi à remercier Messieurs les Professeurs émérites Matti Klinge et Risto Alapuro pour l’intérêt qu’ils ont bien voulu porter à cette recherche, sans oublier le défunt Professeur Kai Laitinen qui avait témoigné son enthou- siasme pour ce travail. Je tiens aussi à mentionner l’ambassadeur suisse Jacques Lauer qui avait montré de l’intérêt pour ce travail, alors qu’il était en poste à Helsinki. Cette recherche a requis le soutien de plusieurs informaticiens, parmi les- quels Kai Ilonen, Simo Pentinen et Reima Rouvinen qui m’ont aidé, notamment à l’élaboration des cartes. Carin Sahlberg m’a également beaucoup soutenu et aidé. Je dois nommer aussi Björn Lundqvist qui m’a conseillé pour les topo- nymes saamophones de Suède. Kaisa Hellander Raitio, m’a donné, grâce à nos longues conversations, de nouveaux éclairages sur la toponymie saamophone. Je tiens aussi à remercier l’historienne Sirppa Aalto, pour son soutien dans la recherche de certains documents d’archives. Je souhaite aussi exprimer ma reconnaissance aux fondations Wihuri, Niilo Helander, et Kone, pour leur soutien financier, ainsi qu’à la Faculté des Lettres de l’Université de Jyväskylä. Ce travail a pu être mené à terme grâce aux conseils des bibliothécaires de la Bibliothèque Nationale de Finlande, de la Bi- bliothèque principale de l’Université de Jyväskylä, mais aussi des archivistes des Archives régionales de Jyväskylä et d’Oulu, parmi lesquels je tiens à men- tionner Satu Kantola. Je tiens aussi à remercier Pekka Olsbo, Timo Hautala et Sini Tiukka, qui m’ont aidé pour la mise en page. Je remercie tout particulièrement le Professeur Håkan Rydving et l’historienne Päivi Maria Pihlaja pour leurs judicieuses et utiles remarques. Tout au long de ce travail, différentes personnes m’ont apporté leur sou- tien, tels que mes amis de séminaires, comme Klaus Lindgren et Ruut Kataisto. De nombreux autres amis m’ont aidé ; leur liste complète est difficile à dresser, mais je souhaite mentionner Laura Fainsilber, Agnès Gautheret, Joël Ferrand, Matti Peiponen et Catherine Doucet. Je tiens aussi à nommer Ilpo Kangas, Eeva Valkama, Carola Envall, Hanni Mäkiö, Marjo Niskanen, Leila Virtanen et Kat- herine Blain. Je souhaite aussi citer certaines personnes de l’Église orthodoxe de Finlande, parmi lesquelles Anna-Katriina Salmikangas, la famille Päivinen, le Père Juha Hirvonen et le Père Timo Mäkiranta. Les Pasteurs Arto Seppänen et Tuomo Huusko doivent de même être mentrionnés. Ce travail n’aurait pu être mené à terme sans l’aide et le soutien de mes parents, Hélène Veyrassat-Capdeville et Raymond Capdeville. Je dédie cette thèse à ma tante et à mon oncle, Jeannine et Christian Pleines, décédés trop tôt pour en voir l’accomplissement, Le 10 janvier 2017, Sophie Alix Capdeville TABLE DES MATIÈRES ABSTRACT REMERCIEMENTS 1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 11 1.1 But,
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