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TRABAJO FIN DE GRADO Diseño E Implementación De Un Sistema De TRABAJO FIN DE GRADO Diseño e implementación de un sistema de monitorización de temperatura capaz de comunicar de manera inalámbrica con un dispositivo móvil Autor: Adrián Paredes Intriago Tutor: Jonathan Crespo Herrero Grado en Ingeniería Electrónica Industrial y Automática Madrid, Septiembre de 2014 II Agradecimientos A mis padres, Juan y Raquel. A mi hermana, Claudia. Por no rendirse jamás. III IV Resumen En este trabajo se desarrolla un sistema de monitorización de temperatura capaz de comunicar de manera inalámbrica con un dispositivo móvil. El sistema está compuesto por un microcontrolador, un sensor de temperatura y un módulo Bluetooth. Las comunicaciones entre los componentes del sistema son llevadas a cabo a través de los buses de comunicación en serie SPI e I²C, mientras que las comunicaciones entre el sistema y el dispositivo móvil se realizan a través del protocolo de comunicación inalámbrica Bluetooth de bajo consumo, también conocido como BLE. En cuanto al dispositivo móvil, todas las comunicaciones con el sistema son gestionadas mediante una aplicación Android. Esta aplicación muestra las mediciones del sistema en tiempo real permitiendo a su vez configurar varios tipos de notificaciones y alarmas. Palabras clave: Sistema de monitorización de temperatura, dispositivos móviles, Bluetooth de bajo consumo, Android. V VI Abstract This work develops a temperature monitoring system able to communicate in a wireless manner to a mobile device. The system consists of a microcontroller, a temperature sensor and a Bluetooth module. The communications between the components of the system are done through the serial buses SPI and I²C, whereas the communications between the system and mobile device are done through Bluetooth low energy, also known as BLE. On the mobile device side, all the communications with the system are handled through an Android application. This application shows real- time temperature measurements while permits to configure a wide variety of notifications and alarms. Keywords: Temperature monitoring system, mobile devices, Bluetooth low energy, Android. VII VIII Índice de contenido 1. Introducción ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Motivación y objetivos ...................................................................................................... 1 2. Estado del arte ....................................................................................................................... 3 2.1. Microcontroladores ............................................................................................................ 3 2.2. Bluetooth low energy ......................................................................................................... 6 2.2.1 Evolución de la tecnología Bluetooth ........................................................................... 6 2.2.2 Arquitectura Bluetooth low energy ............................................................................. 7 2.2.3 Aplicaciones ................................................................................................................ 21 3. Diseño de la solución técnica ............................................................................................ 23 3.1 Diagrama de bloques del sistema ..................................................................................... 23 3.2 Requerimientos básicos del sistema ................................................................................. 24 3.3 Elección de los componentes hardware del sistema ........................................................ 24 3.3.1 Sensor de temperatura .............................................................................................. 25 3.3.2 Módulo BLE ................................................................................................................ 26 3.3.3 Microcontrolador ....................................................................................................... 27 3.3.4 Dispositivo móvil ........................................................................................................ 34 IX 3.4. Aplicación para dispositivos móviles ................................................................................ 34 3.4.1 Diseño de la aplicación móvil ..................................................................................... 34 3.4.2. Diagrama de casos de uso de la aplicación móvil ..................................................... 35 3.4.3. Elección del sistema operativo móvil ........................................................................ 36 4. Implementación del sistema ............................................................................................. 43 4.1 Comunicación entre el sensor de temperatura y el microcontrolador ............................ 43 4.1.1. I²C .............................................................................................................................. 43 4.1.2. Implementación del protocolo de comunicaciones entre microcontrolador y sensor de temperatura ................................................................................................................... 54 4.2 Comunicación entre el microcontrolador y el módulo Bluetooth nRF2740 ..................... 68 4.2.1. SPI .............................................................................................................................. 68 4.2.2. Implementación del protocolo de comunicaciones entre microcontrolador y módulo Bluetooth nRF2740.............................................................................................................. 74 4.3. Comunicaciones entre el módulo Bluetooth nRF2740 y el dispositivo remoto............. 105 4.3.1. Estructura de los comandos SendData utilizados para enviar datos de la aplicación ........................................................................................................................................... 106 4.3.2 Formato del mensaje ............................................................................................... 106 4.4 Aplicación software del sistema ...................................................................................... 109 4.5 Prototipo del sistema y solución final ............................................................................. 113 4.6 Desarrollo e implementación de la aplicación Android .................................................. 115 4.6.1 Arquitectura de Android .......................................................................................... 115 4.6.2 Herramientas software utilizadas para desarrollar la aplicación ............................. 118 4.6.3 Ficheros y carpetas de un proyecto Android ........................................................... 120 4.6.4. Versión de la aplicación ........................................................................................... 123 X 4.6.5 Implementación de la aplicación ............................................................................. 126 4.6.6 La aplicación paso a paso ......................................................................................... 136 5. Evaluación y validación del sistema ............................................................................... 145 5.1 Pruebas de rendimiento .................................................................................................. 145 5.2 Pruebas de batería y consumo ........................................................................................ 150 5.3 Pruebas de precisión ....................................................................................................... 153 5.4 Pruebas de alcance .......................................................................................................... 155 6. Planificación y fases de desarrollo ................................................................................. 157 6.1 Fases del desarrollo ......................................................................................................... 157 6.2 Diagrama de Gantt .......................................................................................................... 159 7. Conclusiones y líneas futuras .......................................................................................... 161 7.1. Conclusiones................................................................................................................... 161 7.2 Líneas futuras .................................................................................................................. 162 Referencias .............................................................................................................................. 165 XI XII Índice de figuras Figura 1. TMS 1000……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 Figura 2. Pila de protocolo para Bluetooth low energy………………………………………………… 9 Figura 3. Pila de protocolo para Bluetooth low energy………………………………………………… 10 Figura 4. Canales utilizados en Bluetooth low energy………………………………………………….. 11 Figura 5. Transmisión de información durante advertising events………………………………. 16 Figura 6. Protocolo ATT para Bluetooth low energy…………………………………………………….. 17 Figura 7. Diagrama de bloques del sistema………………………………………………………………….. 23 Figura 8. Sensor de temperatura TC74………………………………………………………………………… 26 Figura 9. Módulo nRF2740…………………………………………………………………………………………… 27 Figura 10. V2DIP1-32…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 28 Figura
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