Research and Development of Microcontroller Experiment
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Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1992 Research and development of microcontroller experiment instructional units and their effectiveness with industrial technology, electronic technology, and electrical engineering technology majors Steve Chih Hsiung Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Communication Technology and New Media Commons, Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons, Engineering Education Commons, Instructional Media Design Commons, and the Other Education Commons Recommended Citation Hsiung, Steve Chih, "Research and development of microcontroller experiment instructional units and their effectiveness with industrial technology, electronic technology, and electrical engineering technology majors " (1992). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 10003. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/10003 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly fi"om the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be fi*om any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. 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Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 Nortfi Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor, fvll 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9234818 Research and development of microcontroller experiment instructional units and their effectiveness with industrial technology, electronic technology, and electrical engineering technology majors Hsiung, Steve Chih, Ph.D. Iowa State University, 1992 UMI 300 N. ZeebRd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Research and development of microcontroller experiment instructional units and their effectiveness with industrial technology, electronic technology, and electrical engineering technology majors by Steve Chih Hsiung A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Industrial Education and Technology Approved: Signature was redacted for privacy. n/Charge of Major Wrk Signature was redacted for privacy. ¥ Signature was redacted for privacy. For the Graduate College Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 1992 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1 Background 1 Problem of the Study 5 Purpose of the Study 5 Objectives of the Study 6 Assumptions of the Study 7 Delimitations of the Study 7 Procedures of the Study 8 Definition of Terms 9 CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 13 Microprocessor High Technology Impact 13 Historical Development of Microprocessors 16 The 8 Bit Microprocessor World 18 Intel 20 Motorola 22 Zilog 22 Commodore 22 National Semiconductor 23 Fairchild 23 Microprocessor Curriculum Efforts 23 Differences between Microprocessors and Microcontrollers 33 General Description of Microcontroller 68HC11 EVB and EVM 34 Summary of Literature Review 39 CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY 42 Design and Development of the Seven Explanatory Laboratory Experiments 42 Hypotheses of the Study 43 Sampling Subjects 44 Research Design 45 Data Collection Instrument 47 Statistical Analysis of the Data 47 CHAPTER IV. RESULTS AND FINDINGS 4 9 Presentation of the Seven Explanatory Laboratory Experiments 4 9 Experiment 1 4 9 Experiment 2 54 Experiment 3 55 Experiment 4 60 Experiment 5 70 Experiment 6 71 iii Experiment 7 72 Statistical Evaluation of Students' Learning Achievements 93 Characteristics of the Sample 94 Analysis of Variance of Pretest and Posttest Scores 96 Analyses of Covariance of Posttest Scores 97 Analysis of Covariate with Pretest and Group Interaction 100 Analysis of Variance of Students' Learning Achievements 101 T-test of Students' Efficiency in Completing a Project 103 Findings 104 CHAPTER V. .SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS 106 Summary of the Study 106 Background 106 Purpose 107 Research Design 107 Conclusions 109 Recommendations 111 BIBLOGRAPHY 113 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 118 APPENDIX A. HUMAN SUBJECT REVIEW 119 APPENDIX B. WRITTEN STATEMENT AND TEST INSTRUMENTS 123 APPENDIX C. ASSEMBLER SOURCE CODES LIST FOR CONTROL PROGRAMS 131 iv LIST OF FIGURES PAGE Figure 1. Motorola microprocessor family evolution 21 Figure 2. Family tree of microprocessors and microcontrollers 37 Figure 3. The standard microprocessor 38 Figure 4. The 68HC11 microcontroller 38 Figure 5. Stepper motors control circuit 51 Figure 6. Flow chart of stepper motors control 52 Figure 7. Stop lights control circuit 56 Figure 8. Flow chart of street lights control 57 Figure 9. Software debouncing keypad encoding circuit 61 Figure 10. Hardware debouncing with 74C922 keypad encoding circuit 62 Figure 11. Flow chart of software debouncing control 63 Figure 12. Flow chart of hardware debouncing control 64 Figure 13. LCD module parallel control circuit 66 Figure 14. LCD module serial control circuit 67 Figure 15. Flow chart of LCD module parallel control 68 Figure 16. Flow chart of LCD module serial control 69 Figure 17. Keypad & LCD module with hardware debouncing control circuit 73 Figure 18. Keypad & LCD module with software debouncing control circuit 74 Figure 19. Flow chart of hardware debouncing in keypad & LCD module control 75 Figure 20. Flow chart of software debouncing in keypad & LCD module control 7 9 Figure 21. Electronic keys security system control circuit 84 Figure 22. Flow chart of electronic keys security system control 85 Figure 23. DC motor control circuit 90 Figure 24. Flow chart of DC motor control 91 Figure 25. The experimental and the control groups' pretest & posttest scores chart 95 vi LIST OF TABLES PAGE Table 1. Historical development of microprocessors 19 Table 2. Comparison among 8 bit microprocessors 24 Table 3. Historical development of microcontrollers 35 Table 4. The analysis of variance of pretest scores 96 Table 5. The analysis of variance of posttest scores 97 Table 6. Pearson correlation coefficient of the pretest and the posttest scores 98 Table 7. The analysis of covariance of posttest scores 98 Table 8. Pretest and posttest statistics 99 Table 9. The analysis of covariance with interaction 100 Table 10 . The analysis of variance of the scores differences 101 Table 11. The learning achievement of the statistics of the two groups 102 Table 12 . The average days needed for the experimental and control groups 103 Table 13 . The t-test of average days needed for completing a project 104 Table 14 . The preference of the 68HC11 EVB in the two groups 105 1 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION Motorola Inc., one of the largest semiconductor manufacturers in the world, has claimed that its achievement is "deep in the heart of the state of the art" of semiconductor developments. Its microcontroller section has developed several modules which are very convenient for industry's design applications. Educators teaching students about the high-tech world have an obligation to adopt new devices and up-dated lab experiments into technology programs as early as possible. In other words, it is the responsibility of educators to get students acquainted with what "state-of-the-art" technology really means. Thus, the design and development of the experimental projects on the Motorola MC68HC11 microcontroller EVB (Evaluation Board) and EVM (Evaluation Module) are urgently needed (Lipovski, 1988). Background When reviewing western history, it is clear that there were three drastic changes in tool implementation. According to Toffler's (1980) definition, the first change of human history was the agricultural revolution, the second change was the 2 industrial revolution, and the third change was the information revolution, computer revolution, or the so-called "Third Wave" (Toffler, 1980). The Third Wave has changed western society dramatically. The most important factor that makes the Third Wave so astonishing is the use of computers as tools for calculation, information storage and retrieval, process controlling, and industrial automation and robotics. Not only is the computer fast, but it is also accurate and can complete tedious jobs without becoming bored (Driscoll, 1987). The