~ 12.8 ~112.5 I:.i 12.8 111112.5 1.0 W IIiii§ ~ 1.0 W ~ = ~ I~ I 22 w I~ III w . Iii ~ ~ ~ I~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ...&:.I I~ ... ~ ... ~ 1.1 &.oL.:, .. 1.1 ...... -- -
111111.25 1111,1.4 11111 1.6 111111.25 111111.4 111111.6
MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU or STANDARDS-1963-A NATIONAL BUREAU Of STANDARDS-196-'A GENUS VICIA WITH NOTES ABOUT TRIBE VICIEAE (FABACEAE) IN MEXICO ANl) CENTRAL AMERICA
by CHARLES R. GUNN
~ UNITED STATES nCHNICAL PREPARED BY
For sala by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing omeu Washington, D.C. 2()'102 lltock Xumber OOl-OOO-().I()3.H
GENUS VICIA WITH NOTES ABOUT TRIBE VICIEAE (FABACEAE) IN MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA
By Charles R. G!ll1n 1 Vicia species (vetches) are economically im Ca.ndolle. This bull.etin on Mexican and Central portant temperate zone crops used for forage, hay, American taxa in the genus V1Cia expands and green manure, seeds, and soil impro\'ement. These species and such eSS€ntial human see.d-food crops partially updates Agriculture Handbook 168, as Lens c-Ulinari.s Medikus and Pi8'um sati'V1Uln which treats the vetches of the United States Linnaeus are in the tribe Vicieae (Adanson) de (Hermann, 1960).2
TRIBE VICIEAE The relationship of the genns Vida to the. three lary filament free to rather connate with others other genera (LathY1'U8, Lens, and Pis1bm)3 in the into an adaxially split sheath. filament apices tribe Yicieae has been discussed (Hutchinson, linear, anthers tmiform and Ye.rsatil(', st.yle hairy 1964; Gunn, 1969,' Gunn and Kluve, 19'76; to glabrous, o"111es 2 or more, legumes 2-valved, Kupicha, 19'75 .. Radzhi, 19(1). (Heer has been re seeds oftm spherical to subspherical to lenticular moved from the Vieieae and p]aeed in its own tribe with funiculus expanded above hilum. germina Cicl.'reae (Kupicha~ 19'77). Hutchinson also has tion usually hypog6al. most seedlings triareh. first ade<1uately described all five genera. leaves cataphylls (trifid scales), n=7, 6,5. Type Vicieae isa natural tribe. Its taxa usually ex genus Vicia. hibit these charaet.ers: Low 01' climbing (not The, gene.ric key is cl('signed to quickly inform twining) herbs, stipules usually well developed, the user as to whether an unknown is a, Vicia leaves often paripinnate (rarely imparipinnate or species or a memiJ('l' of another genus of the tribe. reduced to phyllodes in Lathyrlls species) with A k('.y to th(', ridn species is included with the rachis terminating in a tendril or bristle, stipels genus discussion. The genera are pl'('se.ntecl alpha absent, flowers racemose or solitary in leafaxils. bt'tically, and 10 riri.a speci('s arc given according corona papilionaceous, standard usually glabrous to the phylogeny of Kupicha (19'76). or rarely pubescent (fT. anatoliea TurrilL r. Measul'em('nts with one number wit.hout a range hybrida Linnaeus, V. pannonica Crantz). vexil should be considered as :werages.
KEY TO VICIEAE GENERA 1. Aba:l:ial surface of style pubescent Or hairs encircling style or style glabrous (fig. 1) ------______Vicia 1. Adaxial surface of style pubescent. 2. Stipules as large as or largN than leaflets; stylE' groo,-ed (easilr seen at base ot style) ______Pisunt 2. Sti~.1les much smaller than leaflets; style not g\'ooved. 3. Flowers less than 10 mm long; androeclal shE'ath apex oblique ______Len8 3, Flowers more than 10 Illlll long (for North .American species) ; androecial sheath apex truncate (for 4Iexican spE'Cies) ______Lathl'rt!.~
1 Botanist. Plant Taxonomy Laboratory, BeltSVille Agri ture Cited, p.35. cultural Research Center, .Beltsvllle. Md. 20700. • Kllpicha (J.>('rl!. commun.) rl'
1 2 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1601, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE LATHYRUS LINNAEUS
Lathyrrts Linnaeus, Sp. PI.: 729. 1753 et Gen. PI. ed. 5: tingitamt8 Linnaeus (including L. rnemicanus 326. 1754. LECTOTYPE: L. sylvestris Linnaeus Schlechtendal) (Mexico). (virle Britton et Bro\'/U, Ill. :b~I. X. 1'.S. and Can. ed. 2, Two species, L. longipe8 1lnd L. l}a1'vifolius, are 2: 412. 1913). About 150 >;pecies. endemic only to Mexico. Their status is open to question because they are morphologically similar The most recent. North American LathY1'1l8 to each other and to L. arizonic11,~ Britton, L. monogmph has Mexican distribution mrlps for six gmm.inijolius, and L. pauC'ijlo1'U8 Femald. The native species (Hitchcock. JtJ52). Two cultivated type, of L. longil}c8 is not signjfjeantly different and now naturalized sp('cies. named by Linnaeus. from many collections of L. l}aI'1'ifoliu8, according also have been collected in Mexico. TIl(' following to I-litchco~k. However. other colledions are suf speci('s occur in :;\Ie.xico and all except ,L. odomtu8 ficiently eli fferent to merit specific recognition. LathyrtM lO'llgipcs and L. pal'vijoliu8 may be, sep are illustrated in Hitchcock: L. eU('08'11W.~ Butters arated from L. paucifiorus by their range and such & St. .Tohn (Sonora). L. grarninifoli1l8 (S. ",Vat minor characters llS leaflet and flower length, num son) W11ite (Sonora and Chihuahua), L. laeti ber of flowpr;:; pet· raceme, and length of calyx flO'l"ll,s Gre('nl' snbsp. alefeldii O:V'hHe) .Jepson tepth. (northern Baja California). L. lOl1gip('s White LathYl'1l8 is not native to Cent.ral .America, and (Chihuahua and Nuevo LeOn) 1 L. od oratus no nati\'p ;'Iexican sppcies have been eolleded Linnaeus (Michoacan. Pnebla, and Chiapas) 1 ,L. south of tlw northern Oaxaca border. I have. seen pa.rz·ifolitt8 S. 'Watson (from Sinaloa west to no hed.Jal'iurn sheets of lHLtnralized or introduced Tamaulipas and south to Oaxaca), L. sple'IUlens L(1thYI'1l8 species from Central America. There are Kellogg (northern Baja California) , and L. l'ndemir Latltyru,~ species in South America.
LENS P. MILLER
Lens P. :'IIiIler, Gard. ])jet. Abridg. I'd. 4. 1754, nom. cons. Ame)'ir.u. this species is cultiYatPfl in both re.gions. (non Lens Linnaells, Herb. Amhoin, 18. 1754 et in ",YN,t.phal (1.974. 7)JJ. 10.")-114. fig. 10) pl'(~'5Cnts a Amoen. Acad. 4: J2H et 134. 1759, nOJII. invalilZ., at luci(l discussion and an excellent illustration of tributed in Kew Index to Stickman]. LECTO r,. eulinari8. Its £low('l's an' self-pol1inating and the TYPE: 1/. Clllhwri,~ ~Iediklls, Vorles. Churpf. Phy>;. Ges. 2: 361. 1787 (Er-vlI1n lcn,~ Linnaeus, Sp. PI.: plan.ts produc(' many seeds. Like other self-pol 738. 1753) . li'jy£, speci es, ]inating s('('(1 crops. this specie..'l has many races based on sred, poel. ,mel plant chal'aetersas well Although I have not seen an herbariul1l sheet of ali w·ography. For rxample, Barulina. (]{)30) rec L. culina1'is (lentil) from either Mexico or Central ognized 5R Yllrieties. now l'C'gal'c1eel as races.
PISUM LINNAEUS
PlS10l/o Linnae\ls, Hp. PI.: 727. 1753 et. Gen. PI. ed. fi: na.e.ns (chickpelL). whieh is now in t.he monogC'neric 324. 1754. LE("l'O'l~YPE: [', ,~a.ti1'/(.m. LillllaeuR tribe Cicl'1'('ae, and LC1M cIl7ina1'i8, it is a se1f (-pille Alefeld in BOllpllUlIlin tl: 12(1. lR61). Fi"c pollinating sC'ed crop. Its seC'd clmracters have been species. 11$('<1 to ('l'('ct lower taxll. 01l1tivn1' names are more wid('ly llsed in this species than in the otll(>r two Piswn sativ'll'1l1, (pea) is ('ultivatrd in :Mexieo spt'(·i(':;. Exc('ll('nt. must.rations of P. 8oth'wn 0,1'(', and Central America. Like Oicer a1'ieti7l!ll7n Lin in ",Y<.>.stphal (1.974, jig8. gO-~f3). GENUS VICIA WITH NOTES ABOUT TRIBE VICIEAE 3 VICIA LINNAEUS Ficia Linnaeul;, Sp. PI.: 734. 1753 et Gen. PI. ed. 5: 327. boldt, Bonpland, Kunth of South America appear 1754. LEC''l'OTYPE: Y. satim Linnaeus (virle Brit to be closely related. ton and Brown, Ill. FI. N. U.S. anAfrica (map fl~wer topography and placement on and number 1). The only lar@:e concentration in the south tem 1)('1' racpme. presence of nectary pit.s on stipules. per'at(' zone is in South America, The intrusion presence of fibrous ('.ross ribs (between seeds) on into tropical areas is primarily based on the inner "alve surfaces of le@:llJ11es, and life, forms. I ameJioration of temp('ratlll'e by ('l('vation. Moun used these characters in a. gpneral survey of U.S. t.ain chains are an important. factor in the distribu Vicia. species, and I was abl~ to identify native and tion of these species in Mexico, Guat('mala, north naturalized North American Vidrt to species by ern South America, Hawaii, southe.rn China, their seeds alone (Gunn• .1t)68, 1.971). Some of northern India, and central Africa. In tllPse areas, these characters w('re used by Lassetter (197fJ) in nativa Ficia species are· fOlmd at hi@:her elevations, a revision of the soutlnY('stern U.S. Vida species, 2.100-3,050 meters, than in temperat.e. zones. the Y. e,'dgwf-1M/'('IHOO;·thii-11Ido1liciana complex. In Xorth America there are 16 endemic and 17 The only published treatment of U.S. Vicia species naturalized species of Ficia. Six of the, sixteen (Hermann,196O) was completed before these data were coordinated. species are also natiY(~ to Mexico, and the. range of 2 of thes(' 6. V. hwnilis Humboldt. Bonpland, Stylar hair patterns of more than 100 species of Knnth and F. lJUlchdla Humboldt, Bonpland, r ida studied thus far ma.y be placed in one of five Kunth slIhsp. rrulchella. ext('nds into adjacent illustrated categories (fig. 1.): Style glabrous to Guatt'mala. Vida. hh'8uta (Linnaeus) S. F. Gray glabrate; style with apical hairs restricted to abax ial surface, or adaxial surface bearing a. few scat and V ..~ati1'a Linnat'us haw hecome naturalized in Mexico, wllt'l'eas F . .wtil'a. and F. ,/,illo8(J. Roth tereel small hairs; style with encircling apical hairs han>, become naturalized in Guatemala. Although that aI'(\. brushlike. 011 the abaxial surface; style V. tabo. Linnaeus may nothe. naturalized in Mexico with encil'cling apie-al hairs that. are. uniform in lenrrth and density on both surfaces; and style or Guatemala. it has OO('n included because of the :-.. . with encircling medial hairs that. are uniform 1J1 number of collections from field plantin~ in lenrrth and density on both surfaces. A sixth cate southern ~f('xico and Guatemala and tIl(' widt' with hairs l:('strictpd t.o the adaxial surface spread use of its seedB as human food. 0'01; (not illustmted) is found in Y. lweieana Rrchin This is the first systemati(' treatment. of Vicia g<'l' f., a )\(';1(.1' East species. and some specinwns of species in Mexico a~d ('ent.ral America and is a Y. ('!'I,ilia (Linnarns) 1Villdenow (Gunn and precursor to a stuc1y of tl1('se specit's in North and Klu\'C'. JrJ76; Kupicha. H)'7:'3, 1.916). South America. ('entral America, 'with its lo,,"pr Fiw hilum shn.p(ls. bas('d on 1t stud~' of more than elevations, generally does not. provide a favorable 100 ricin sp(lcie:;, arp eircllm1inPHr, lineal', oblong. habitat for nati"e or natumlized rici.(f. spec ie.s. wedO'r, anel o\'al (fi@:. 1). A circumlinear hilum is Therrfore., any gene flow between North and than 10 tilllr.'> lon@:rr than has parallel SOllth America has been brokrn by the lower pI ('va 1l101'~ wide~ maTgin:;. and occupies about 75 per('.rnt. of thc, seed tions in Oentral Am(lricl\, south of Guatemala. One circumfel·cIlce.•\. linNu' hilum is 5 1'0'7 (rarely!) to sppcies complex is natin' to both North and South 10) times longel' than wide. has parallel margi~s, AnJeI'ica, F. nigl'ican8 Hooker & Arnott subsp. ltnd oc<'upies lrss than 50 lX'l'('ent. of the seed ('11' nig1'i,ca1/.~ and V. ?ligricans Hooker & Amott sub cnmfrl'enc('. An oblong hilum is usually ]C'ss t,han sp. gigant('a. (Hooker) Lassetter &; Gunn. The fiyn tinlt'~" but usua.lly gn'atel' than twice as long vicarial species V. amel'icana Muhlenberg ex 'W'ill as wide, has slightly curvcdmargins, and o('.('upirs dcnow of North America and V. andicola Hum less than 50 percent of the sced circumference. A ~
APICAL APICAL APICAL Glabrate Abaxial Brush Encircling and Brush
8 ,~ t;1 ,t o
~ oH L.J L.J ~ 1mm 1mm 1mm td q V. hirsuta V. humilis V. villosa 8 t;1
~ .... APICAL MEDIAL CIRCUMLINEAR OBLONG 0> o Encircling Encircling .... LINEAR .~ cl UJ
t::I o t;1 V. gigantea V. cracca V. sativa "d ==----Jl). !"3 ~ ._- -~=---~-~---"~ - :::. '~--" OVAL o '>j WEDGE L.---1 LJ g; ~ 1mm 1mm 1mm H r:.'~:;":.-~.':':!-
\ ~.(. g '-.....-".: 'fO'I V. pulchella V. leucophaea V. biflora ~ V. narbonensis ~ t;1
FIGURE I.-Five stylar huir pntterus for New 'World VicicL species and fjv<, hilum shapes Of Vicia species. GENUS VIerA WITH NOTES ABOUT TRIBE VICIEAE 5 wedge hilum. has margins that. converge to the (MICH) Herbarium of the Uniwrsity of lens; in all other respects it is similar to the. oblong Michigan. Ann Arbor hilum. An oval hilum has a length that. is never (~fO) Herbarium of Missouri Botankal more than twice its width, is rounded in outline, Garden, St. Louis and occupies less than 20 percent. of the seed cir (NA) Herbarium of 1'.S. Sational Ar cumference. boretum. \Vashington! D.C. The other morphological characters used in tax (RD) The .J. A. Xietrwland Herbarium of onomie determinations are d<.>picted in figures FniveTsit.y of NohX' Dame. Notre 2-14. Dame, Indiana The following ubbreyiations from Holmg"l'en (XDG) The E. L. Greene Herharium of and Keuken (1.974-) arC' used in t.his 'bunetin: UniYE'l'sity of 'Sotre Dame, Notre (ARIZ) The Fniwrsity of Arizona Her Dame>. Indiana. (XY) barium, Tucson Herbarium of tIl(' Xew York Bot,an ical Garden. Bronx (B\ Botaniscll('r Garten uncl Botanisches (OKL) Bebb Herbarium of Fniversity of Museum B<.>rlin-Dahlem. Berlin. Oklahoma, Norman Federal R<.>public of Germany (P) (EM) ~ruselllll Xational d'Histoin Natu British Mus<'>ul11 (Natural History). relIe, Paris London (PH) Herbarium of ..:\.('adeIllY of Natural (CAS) California Acad<.>my of Sciences Seiences, Philad<.>lphia Herbarium. San Francisco (PO~f) Herharium of Pomona College, (ENCB) Esenela X acional de Oiencias Rio Claremont, Califol11ia 16gicas Herbarium, Mexico (RM) Rocky ~rountain Herbarium of (F) John G. SE'arle Herbarium of Field University of \Yyoming. Laramie Musetull of Satural History. Chi (RSA) Raneho Santa.•\.na Botanic Garden cago Herbarium, Claremont, Califor (GH) Gray Herbarium of Harvard Uni ma versity. Cambridge. Mass. (AD) San Diego Museum of Natural His (IBC) Iow[L State, Fniversity Herbarium. tory Herbarium. San Diego, Cal Ames ifol11ia (.JEPS) .Jepson Herbarium and Library (S~fF) He>rbllriul1l of Southern Methodist of University of California. rnivE'rsity. Dallas, T<.>xas Berkeley (TEX) rni n~rsity of T('xaF> Herbarium, (K) The Herbarinm and Library of Austin Royal Botanic. Gardens, Kew. (FC) Herbarium of the University of Richmond. England California, Be.rkeley (es) (LINN) The Linnea,n Societ.y of London, r.s. Xational Herbarium of Smith London sonian Institution, W'ashington, D.C. (MA) Inst.ituto "Antonio .Jos~ Ca.nmilJes,'· (VT) Pringle HerbariullI of liHiv(,l'sit.y of Madrid Vcrmont. Burlington rniYcl'sidad Kacional Autonol11a de Herbarium of Pni,-ersit.y of Wash Mexico, Mexico ington, Seattle 6 TECHNICA:iJ BULLETIN 1601, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE KEY TO VICIA SPECIES 1. Stipules bearing nectary patches. 2. Tendrils absent (leayes ending in cusps); plants erect and blackening on drying______12. 1'. taba 2. Tendrils present; plants not erect and remaining green OIl drying______11. 1'. sativa 1. Stipules without nectary patches. 3. Corolla 5 mm or less; style nearly glabrous j hilum eOllcealed by permanent funiculus______2. 1'. hirsllta 3. Corolla more than 6 mm long; style pubescent; hilulll 1'isible. 4. Stylar hairs encircling and of same length. 5. Racemes 1-2 flowered; stylar hairs mediaL______10. V. lellcophaea 5. Racemes usually 3 or more flowered; stylar hairs apical. 6. Annual; iiowers usually 1-5 (1-17 in subsp. llUlO'l:ici(llla phase laxiflora) ; calyx teeth unequaL______5. V. ludov·iciana 6. Perennial ; flowers 8-26 ; calyx teeth subequal. 7. Corolla up to 10 mm long ______6. 1'. plllc1tella subsp. p1l1chella 7. Corolla 12-18 mm long______. ______7. F. p1l1chella subsp. meroieana 4. Stylar hairs encircling or on one surface but always forming an abaxial brush. 8. Standard less than 10 mm long. 9. Style without hairs on adaxial surface; calyx teeth equal; hilum occupy ing less than 20 percent Of seed circumference; restricted to Baja Cali fornia______4. V. hassei 9. Style without hairs on adaxial surface; salyx teeth equal; hilum occupy ing about 30 percent of seed circumference; no farther north and west than Sinaloa______3. F. humilis 8. Standard more than 11 mm long. 10. Calyx gibbous at base; racemes densely 10--14 flowered______1. F. viUosa 10. Calyx not gibbous at base; racemes loosely (2)-3-10 flowered. 11. Calyx teeth unequal, upper 2 much shorter than lower 3______8. 1'. americana subsp. americana 11. Clayx teeth equal or nearly so______9. F. americana subsp. meroicana
DESCRIPTIONS OF VICIA SPECIES 1. Vicia villosa Roth (subgenus Vicilla, section Cracca) Hairy Vetch
(Fig. 2, Map 2)
Vicia villosa Roth, Tent. FI. Germ. 2: 182. 1795. Omcea V. boissirri Heldreich & Sartorelli in BoisSier, Diagn. Ser. viUosa (Roth) Godron & Grenier, Fl. Fr. 1: 470. II 2: 40. 1856. 1848. Ervutn Vil10811111 (Roth) Trnutvetter, Acta Y. rcutcria.na Boissier & Buhse, NOIlY. Mem. Soc. Nat. Horti Petrop. 3: 47. 1875. TYPE: UNKNOWN. Mosc. 12: 73. 1860. V. pseudocr(lcca Bertoloni, Rar. Ital. PI. Dec. 3: 58. 1805. 1'. pllllno,~a Martin-Donos, Fl. 'l'an!. 179. 1862. V. polyphvlla Waldst\?in & Kitaibel, PI. Rar. Hung. 3: 282. r. JisclI(lovil1o.~(I. Schur, Enum. PI. Transs. 166. 1866. 1812. V. 'VlIlcanirn Huet ex Nyman, ('onsp. 207. 1878. V. consent~na Sprengel, Pugill. 2: 74. 1815. 1'. f1I(l.b),(.'8rclI,~ Heimerl, Oest. Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesell. V. uttorali8 Salzmann, Flora 4: 110. 1821. Wien. 31: 173. 1881. r. microphylZ(~ Urville, Mem. Soc. Linn. Par. 1: 343. 1822. V. rleg(l1!ti8.~i/ll(I' Shul'tlcworth ex Rouy, Rev, Soc. Nat. 1'. bivollae Seringe in de Candolle, Prod. 2: 357. 1825. Ser. III 1: 229. 1883. 1'. ambiglta Gussone, Fl. Sic. Prod. 2: 435. 1828. V. {I1(£brr8(Je/l..~ A. Kerner, Sched. 1<~l. Austro-Hung. 4: 1. F. elegall8 Gussone, FI. Sic. Prod. 2: 438. 1828. 1886. V. dasllca.rpa Tenore, Abruzz. 81. 1829. Or(lCca, (la81lT'. [,oaroni. ROllY in Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. Fr. 5: 237. 1899. carpa (Tenore) Alefeld, Bonplandia 9: 121. 1861. V. r7·io('(lrp(l. Hnlacsy, Consp. Fl. Grace. 1: 489. 1901. V. varia Host, Fl. Aust. 2: 332. 1831. Oracca'Varia. (Host) Grenier & Godron, Fl. Fr. 1: 469. 1848. Annual or hiennial, rarely perennia1. Her V. littoralis Tenore, Fl. Nap. 4: 103. 1838. V. salaminia Heldreich & Sartorelli in BOissier, Diagn. bac<.'Olls vinc, up t,o 1.3 m long, drying green, Ser. II 2: 39. 1856. villose to glabrous. Trichomes white. Lea,ves pin GENUS VIerA WITH NOTES ABOUT 'l'RIBE VICIEAE 7
FlGtfUE 2.-I'icia Vill08(t drawn froll1 grrenhOllS('-grOIYIl plllntl<: A, Unhit ( X 0.5) : II, It'ltfil'ts (X 2.5) ; (', tI()wl'r (X 2.15) ; D, androecial sheath and style (X 5) ; E, stylul' hair patt('rtl (X 11) ; P, mature legulIll's (X 1) ; (f, seeds (X 3).
299-212 0 - eo - 2 8 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1601, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE
nately compound, terminating in II, ramilied pre Guatemalan specimens examined.-CHIMAL hensile t(>ndril. Leaflets 8-20, entire, thin, oblong TENANGO: Roadside thicket, eley. 1,800 m ovate to 1inear-lanceolate or lineal', 8-35 by 1-10 (F): Tecpan, John.~ton 440 (F, US); 4 near mm, apex acute to obtuse and mucronulate, base (,himaltenango, elev. 1,800 m, Standley 80481 (F). abruptly tapeI'(>d. Stipules inconspicuons, egland GUATEMjl.LA: Aguilar f344 (F). Q1TEZAL ular, usually entire. Racemes elongate, with (3) TENANGO: Scrub forest of B acth-aria and 5-40 closely spaced flowers, genern,lly longer than Quercus, eky. 3,000 m, William.~, lllolina R., & subtending leaf. Calyx one-half standard length, William.s f35.5Jl (FS). teeth unequal with 2 upper shortest. poorly de Vida 1'illosa is a polymorphic. species that is veloped and curved and 2 lateral and ('specially Ilsually (,I'oss-po1Jiuatrd. Somr self-pollination basal straight. and long attenuate, gibbous at base, may occur, but sred srt is greatly incrrased when usually partially bluish purple· toward apex. bees are available to pollinate flowers, The species ('orolla yarying shades of bluish purple to pink or ,'arirs in degrer of strm Rnd kg-nmr pubescence, rarely white, with standard 12-20 mm long. An "'idth of lraflrts. number oi' flowers 1)('1' raceme, droecin,l sheath oblique at apex. Stigma globular. length and color of corolla, size of calyx teeth, and Style apex encircled by hairs with abaxial surface le~:umes. Thl's(> and otlH'r characters have been bearing elongated hairs forming brush. O,'ary used as bases for describing many !'V;!cie..c; Rnd g1n.brous to puberulent. Legume 20-40 mm long, 10w(>1' tn,xa. TIl(' list, of synonyms is not complete dark to light. st.mw Golo1', glabrous. reticulate and and includes only species epithets. punctat.t', obIon,!!, flattened, obliquely short acumi Althongh the subspecific ta,xonorny may be sutis nate at both ends (occasionally almost rounded), factoril~" (>stablislwd fot' Europe (BR]], 1968), it, on 2-:3 mm stipe, ben,ring +..5 ovules, inner valve p(>r!mps does not l'e,fiect. all elements found in the surface smooth, t.wisting tightly to loosely during Xe;w ,YorId, especially in the Fnited States. The dehiscence. Seed 3.4-5 111m in diameter~ spherical description h(>1'e is for V. l'i!losa in a broad sense. to nearly S11 blenticular, fll110oth, dull dark reddish The six Guat(>malan sperimens seen during this brown to gret'nish brown densely mottled and study represent V. l'il108a subsp. l'illosa, because point{'cl with blackish brown. Hilum color of seed GOn,t, to darker, oblong, 3 times longer than wide, their stems are "ilIous. This subspecie..c; is often pa.ml1el to length of seed, occupying 14 percent of fonnd in the cool(>1' parts of tIl(' f>pedef> range. seed eircllmference, hilar lips eolor of hilum. Lens Otlwr subspecies that. are glabrous or a,ppresscd cbrker than seedcoat, with ra.ised center 1-1.3 mll1 pube..c;c.{'nt may 1X', (>xpe.('ted in warmer areas as in from hilum. tl'oclu(wl crops or naturalized plants. Distribution.-T'ic-ial'-illosa, is a wielely planted ri('ial'illos([, is an important g-reen manure' crop fodder and green manure pln,ut thn,t has become that a.ppn,I·ently has Hot, been widely planted in na,tura.Hzecl in the Fnited St.n,tes. Xo herbarium Mexico 01' Central Ame,l'1ca. One, reason may be the specimens ",eTl\ seen from :Mexico, though it wtch bruchid (B l'U('hll,~ bmchiali,y Fa hraeus). Its has been collected in Guat,emn,ln, where it is larvao hono,," out, tlw s('eds and t.hus decrease their naturalized. ,·iabilit.y and val1le.
2. Vicia hirsllla (Ljnnaeus) S. F. Gray (suhgenus VicilLa, section Cracca) Tiny Vetch
(Fig. 3, Map 2) rici(l, hir8/lta (Linnueu:;) H. 1<'. Grll,\'. ~Ilt. Arr. RrH. PI. 2: EII(1iIl.~(/, "ir8ut(! (Lillllllens) Alefeld, O(>st. Bot. ZeJt. !): 614. 1821. 360. 185!). 01'(1.('('(£ hir.wt(L (Linnuem;) G(·IllI .. Nuo. JiJrt'1I1n hir8utllln LinnlleuR, Sp. PI. 138. 1753. Gior. Bot. ItaI. 2: 13i. uno, 'rYPE : EUROPID (HOLO· V. mitchcl1H Rafhl('o<;f\Il(>, 1'1'(>('. D(>coll\·. 3i. 1814. r. ,!'Y1'E: LTXX, Tnternntionni Documentarion ('~ntr(' 1nichcllii DellYlmx, .Tollr. Rot. 4: '2(1). 1814, splmlm, mJ<.'rofiche 007.5). En'ilia 1'II/O(lri8 GodrOIl, 1<'1. Lorr, 1 : 1.75, 1845. C'racca minol' Grenier & Godron, 1<'1. Fr. 1: 473. ] 848. Ervili(! hir811tn (Linnaeus) Opiz, Sez. Host. Kyst. • ('olle
I<'IGeR~; S.-Vida hir8l1fa, drawn frolll g-l'eenhousp-grown plllnts: A, Hahit (X 0.;)) : ii, stiplllp ( X -!) ; (', lenlll'ts (X 2) ; fl, flowers (X 2) ; B, Ilndroedal sheath and style ( X -!) ; F. styla r hair PI! ttl'rn r X Hl : G. JIll! turl.' leg-uuH's (X 2) ; H, seeds (X 5). 10 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1601, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE
Ficioides hil'suta ~Ioench, ~Ieth. 137. 1794. monochrome). Hilum concealed by shiny chooo Fh'ia part'ijiol'a Lapeyrouse, Hist. Abr. Pyren. 418. 1813. late-colored funiculus attached at one end of hilum EI''Vu./Il. sanZouln ~Ioris ex Sprengel, Srst. Veget. 4: 346. (if exposed), hilum darker than seedcoat, linear to 1827. slightly wedge-shaped, 6-9 times longer than wide, Lathl/Tlt8 angllstitolills Besse, )Iocifio, Castillo, & )[111 parallel to length of seed, occupying 1-1-21 percent donado, based on their collection 3640 (name not in of seed c.ircumfel'ence, with lips of hilar groove tended to be Imblisl1ed here). (Xegatiye 46447, F) ocher. Lens darker than seec1coat with raised r. lilleal'i.~ Sesse, ~Iociiio, Castillo, & ~Ialdonado, based on their collection 3641 (name not intenrled to be pub cpnter 0.6-1 mm from hilum. lished here). (Xegatiye 46448, F) Distribution.-Yicia hi1'8u·ta is a native of Eu rop{;'. It ha!'; now be011 naturalized in North Amer Annual.-Herhaceous vine, up to 1 m long, dry ica alonO'b roadsides and ,Yaste places. Plants in ing green, gla:brate or sparingly pubescent. flower 01' fruit are inconspicuous and often over Trichomes white. Leaves pinnately compound, looked. terminating in a simple or ramified prehensile ~fexican specimens examined.-STATE UN tendril. Leaflets 4-16. entire, thin, linear, narrowly KNO'VN: "LathY1'1l,s angu,stifoli1~,s," Besse, jJ[0 oblong or narrowly elliptical. 5-20 by 1-4 mm, ciiio, Oa,stilZo, & .1£aldonado 36.40 (F) ; Fioia lin apex usually truncate or emarginate and mncron earis, Besse, .1£ooiiio, Oastillo, & .:.lIaldonado 36.41 ulate, base tapering and rounded. Stipules incon (fragment F). MEXICO: Pringle (F) ; Temas spicuous, eglandular. sharply serrate to toothed. caltepec, e1ey. 2,700 m, Hinton .4895 (ARIZ, US). Racemes elongate. with 2-6-(8) closely spaced Ficia hi1'811ta has two characters that. separate it flowers,, as 10nO'0 as to shorter than subtending leaf. from most other Yioia spec.ies, a glabra.te stylar Calvx about one-half standard length, teeth sub apex and a persistent funiculus. For these and equ~l straight attenuate, not. gibbons at base, green other r0asons. t.his species has been placed in six throughout. Corolla ,yhitish blue \yith standard genera, and it. is the lectotype of two segregate 2-5 mm long. Androecial sheath not. oblique at genera. Endillsa. Alefeld and E1'1,ilia Opiz. Al apex. Stigma globular. Style apex bearing only 'a though it is generany regarded asa weed or ig few scattered hairs on abaxial side. Ovary pubes nored in the New 'Vodd. it is cultivated in the cent. Legume 6-11 by 2.5-:1: mm, brown to blackish, Neal' East. Like other self-pollinating Ficia pubescent, obscurely reticulate. oblong, flattened, species, it j!'; polymorphic, exhibit.ing pronolIDced obliquely short, acuminatE' to nearly rounded at \-ariat.ion in st.atul'e, density and number of lea.ves both ends, without a stipe, bearing (1)-2-(3) and leafl0ts, leafld. size, legume pubescence, and ovules, with inner vaIn' surface smooth, twisting se('d size. Plitmmlll (1968) described a form, prob loosely to tightly during dehiscence. Seed 1.5-2.8 ably cllltiYated, with stems about 13 elm long and mm in diameter, subspherica.l to spherical to sub lNLflets 10-20 by B-4 mm. Although it is not known lenticular, smooth. glos"c:;y greenish straw to red whether a. lack of stylar hairs enhances self-polli dish straw, lightly to densely mottled with dark na.t.ion or not. apparently hairs are not needed for browl1 (some seeds so densely mottled as to appear this species becallse S01fing approaches 100 percent.
3. Vicia humilis Humboldt, Bonpland, Kuoth (subgenus Vicilla, section Cracca) Low Vetch (Fig. 4, Map 2)
Fieia. llUlII'ilis Humholdt, Bonpland, Kunth, No". Gen. et nately compollnd. terminating in a simple pre Sp. PI. 6: 408. 1824. ~rYPFl: MEXICO: IIllInllOlllt hensi](. te.ndril. LeHflets 2-6. ('ntire, thin, lineal', &: Bonplancl, ~Iornll, (>leY. :!,400 III (HOLOTYPE: P). 10-40 by O.H-a mm, ap0X tapered and mucronnlate, Daf.Tl/lrrI81JUrl'ijiol'lI,~ Sef;s~, ~[o<'iiio, Castillo, & ~Ialdonado, base tapel'Nl. Stipuks inconspicuons, eghndular, based on tlwir colleetioll 1903 (name not intell()ed If) be published 'here). (Xegitti"e 46449, F) ent.ire. Racemes subse,c:;sile. wit.h 1 or rarely 2 e1os('ly spaced flowers. shorter than snbtencling Perennial.-Hm'baceous vinc. IIp to 1 m long. leaf. Calyx about one-half standard length, tooth dry green, gl!tbrute. Trichomes white. Leaves pin essentially equal straight attenuate, not gibbous at GENUS VIeIA WITH NOTES ABO UT TRIBE VICIEAE 11
r-
I 0 f f ../ E J
l!'IGURE 4.-Ficia hltmilis drawn from greenhouse-grown plants: Li, Habit (X 0.5); E, leaflets with stipules and flower (X 2) ; 0, flower (X 4) ; D, androecial sheath and style (X 6) ; E, stylar hair pattern (X 14) ; P, mature legumes (X 1) ; G, seeds (X 4). 12 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1601, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE base, green throughout. Corona va.rying shades of US). MEXICO: Temascaltepec, Hinton 889'7 bluish purple. with standard 5-10 mm long. An (F, MO, NY, US). MICHOACAN: Elev. 2,500 droecial sheath oblique at apex. Stigma conica1. m, 11100re, Herrwmdez X., Porras H. 5586 Style a.pex with abaxial surface bearing a brush (MEXU). NUEVO LEON: Sierra Madre and adaxial surface. nearly glabrous. Ovary gla Oriental, elev. 2,286-2,438 111, ji1.lelle1' and Jf1wller brous to pubeBCent. Legume 30-40 by 4-7 mm, 44fJ (F, MEXU, MICH, TEX). OAXA.. CA: straw color, glabrous to pubescent, strongly reticu Teposcolula, Se7M' 1555 (US). PFEBLA: Boca late, linear-fa.lcate, terete. to partially fiattened, del Monte, elev. 2,300 111, A1'scne 709~ (US). oblique and acute, at both ends, on 1 mm stipe, SAN LUIS POTOSI: Alvarez, Palme?' 144 (F, bearing 7-8 ovules, with inner valve surface NA, US). SINALOA: Penscos, elm-. 1,675-1,980 smooth. twisting t.ightly during dehiscence. Seed m, Gentry 7~15 (MICH). TAMAULIPAS: 2-2.3 mm in diameter. spherical to subspherical, Elev. 1,500 m, Runyon 1049 (US). VERA smooth, blackish gray to greenish ocher, densely CRUZ: Boca del Monte, Nelson~14 (US). mottled with black so as to nearly mask base color. Guatemalan specimens examined.-HPEHUE Hilum color of seedcoat or silvery (due to funic TENANGO: Aguu.catan, elev. 1,950 m, Standley ular remnants), oblong, 4 times longer than wide, 81~98 (F). QFEZALTENANGO: Cerro la Ped· pa.rallel to length of seed, occupying 30 percent of rera, elev. 2,400 m, Standlcy 6553.9, 65561 (F). seed circumference. wit.h lips of hilar groove color TOTONICAPAN: Chui-quisis, elev. 2,500-2,800 of hilum. Lens darker than seedcoat, with raised m, Standley 84401 (F). center 0.5-0.7 mm from hilum. Yicia hwniZis is one of the most common and Distribution.-TTici.a h~{,7]1ilis is found from widespread nati\'(\ )fexican vetches, and is one of ~inaloa and Coahuila sout.h to northern Guate two vetches endemic to Central America. Theother mala, though appar~ntly a:bsent. from the. main is Y. pu7chella subsp. pulchella. Although the spe axis of the Sierra Madre Occidental Mountains. It cies was originally described as possessing solitary is usually found above, 2.000 meters in wet mead flowers, a few widely scattered plants with two ows, pinewoods, and wooded ravines. flowers per raceme han. be€n found. These plants Selected Mexican specimens examined. occur throughout. the range of the species, includ STATE 1T~KNO,VN: Lathy1'us 7)(l1'vi:{lorus, ing northern Guatemala. These twinned-flowered Sesse, MocHio, Oastillo, & l11aldonado 1908 and L. plants do not exhibit other characters that could am,g1tstijolills, 1905 (F). CHIAPAS: Tenej apa, be. used as a basis for separating one- and two elev. 2,310 m, BreedlM1e 7018 (US). COA flowered plants. Mature legumes may be glabrous HUILA: Sierra de Parras, Purpus 4580 (F, or pubescent; there is no correlation between this nc, US). DISTRITO FEDERAL: Exclava, character and distribution or other studied Pringle 71~1 (MEXU, VT). HIDALGO: Sierra morphological characters. Alt.hough it is wide de Pachunca, elev. 2,740 m, Pringle 78J,B (MEXU, spread in Mexico. little is known about this species. US, VT). JALISCO: Sierra del Tigre, elev. Greenhouse tests have shown t.hat. it is self 2,100 m, McTTaugh 1/301~ (MEXU, MICH, TEX, po Hina ti ng.
Slender Vetch 4. Vicia hassei S. Watson (subgenus Vicilla, section Cracca) (Fig. 5, Map 3)
Vida lwssci S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Annual.-He.rbaceous vine, approaching 1 m 25 : 129. 1890. long, drying green, pubeseent. Trichome.c; white. V. e.cigua var. has8ci (S. Watson) .Jepson, Fl. "V. Mid. Leaves pinnately compound, terminating in a Calif. 2!J6. 1901. TYPE: UNITED STATES : Has.~e, simple or ramified pre.hensile tendril. Leaflets 1888, hills about Los Angeles (LECTOTYPE: GH; SYNTYPE: PH; P ARATYPES: Anclcr.wn, Santa 4-12, e.ntire, thin, linear·lanceolate to elliptic. 8-40 Cruz, GH, and Bigclow, Benicia, G H, NY). V. cxigua by 1.5-9 mm. apex usua.lly truncate to retuse or var. calitornica Torrey, Pacif. RR. Rep. 4: 76. 1856. emarginate. base rOllnded. St.ipules inconspicuous, TYPE: UNITED STATES: Bigelow, Benicia (HGLO· eglandular, usually sharply serrate. Racemes eIon TYPE: GH; ISOTYPE: NY). nENUS VrcIA WITH NOTES ABOUT TRIBE nCIEAE 13
FIGURE 5.-Ficia ha8sei drawn from herbarium l'\jl('{:imens: A. Habit (X 0.75) ; B, leaflet!'; (X !.!) ; ('. !lower (X 3) ; n, androecial sheath and style (X 4) ; E, stylar hair pattern (X 12) ; P, mature legulllCi> (X 1) ; 0, seeds (X H). 14 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1601, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE gate, with 1-2 closely spaced flmyers, shorte.r than islands to GuadRlupe Island. Plants occur near subtending leaf. Calyx less than one-half standard sea le"el in a yariety of habitats. infrequently length. teeth essentiall~' equal straight. short along roadsides. attenuate, not gibbous at base, green throughout. )Iexican specimens examined.-BA.L\. C'ALI Corolla white to faint bluish or Ia ,'C'nd<.'l'. with FORXIA: Coronado Islands. eIe\'. 150 Ill. Cowles standarcl 6.5-8.5 mm long. Androe~ial sheath '7 (PO)I); Ejic1o, eley. 300 Ill, Rrll'('n, Lewis. cO oblique at apex. Stig-ma globular. Style a pex en Thomp8on 1:2)248 (UC'); Ensenacla, i..Yol'land circled by hairs with abaxial surface bearing- elon (SD): South Todos Santos Island. ;l[(JI'{lll 97,9,9 gated hairs forming- brush. Oyary pubescent. (FC') ; 'Yall<.' Denos C'r<.'ek. BJ'Crndcg('(' (FC') : Val Leg-ume 22-38 by 5-7 m111, straw c.olor. pnbescent. lecito. 07'('lIft PIO). GCA.DALl'PE ISLAND: strongly reticulate, oblol1g-. partially flattened. Ele,-. 200 m . .1[ol'an (J(J43 (SD): PalllleJ' 81/7 oblique and cutTed upward at apex. tapering to PIEXC rS): Wig(lills & El'IlSt i2(}O (SD. rC). base, 011 2-3 1111n long stipe. bearing 4-10 ovule'S, T'ieia lwS8Ci. often reg:lI'ded HS It "Hl'iety of r. with inner valYe surface smooth, twisting during p;J.'igua, has been a poorly uncl<.'rstood mono dehiscence. Seed 2.5-3 mm in diameter. sub morphic species that is restricted in )fcxico to the spherical. smoot.h, dull medium to dark brown or Pacific coast of northern Baja C'a1ifol1lia and ad gray brown, sparing1y to densely mottled with jacent islands. This species share:=> many characters darker brown 01' uniformly g:my brown. Hilum and its range "'ith the much ,,,ider raug-ing: poly color of seedcoat or lighter, slightly wedge-shaped, morphic species complex r. ludo!'irianfl. which 6 times longer than wide. parallel to length of no,,- includes r. e;rigua. Althoug-h the circum seed, occupying- 14-17 percent of seed circumfer scriptions of lta8set alld 7udoririana lun'e ence, ,,,ith lips of hilar grooYe lig-htel' than hilum. r. r. been contro\'ersial. La:=>setter (1,97i)) presents evi Lens inconspic.lIolls, blackish, with raised cent<.'l' dence hl'1'ein accepted that clearly separntes them. about 0.5 mill from hilum. Distribution.-Vicia. lzassei is <.'ssentially a T"iriq lta88ei has an apical abaxial ::.;tylal' hrush and coastal species, which may be found from the San puu<-seent onri<.':=> anclleg:n\l1cs. Fic-fa 1lldOl'ir-iana Francisco Bay area (an isolated collection has been hal4 th(' apex of its stylC'> eneirclNl by hairs of es made in southeastern Oregon) south to northern sentially (,fIlial l('ngth antI glabrolls m'aries and Baja California 'and w<.'stwarcl through the, ~.oastal l<.'g:nmes.
5. Vida ludoviciana Nuttall subspecies ludoviciana (subgenus Vicilla, section Cracca) Oeel'pea Vetch (Fig. 6, Map 3) ricia· llldot:iciall(L Xuttnll suh~p. II/r/odf'iaIlQ in Torr!'y & En·lIlll. Iric/clllalllill Alefeld, ()pst. Bot. Zeit. 9: 363. 11'59. Grny,1f!. X Amer. 1: 271. 1l'3l::i. ('/'(I('ra 711lloririUII(l (',.11('('(1 Iridelllllill Alefeld, Bonpluutliu n: 119. 1861. (Xuttnll) AlefeW, Bonplnndia. !): 1 W. 11<61. I'. Xon 1'i6(1 /I'il/('III(I/a ~('h\\'('initz et T'. Iri/irla nietrich. Illdovi,cian(t \·ar. tllpir(L Shinners, Field und Lall. 16: E,.!'um l)il08/1111 Ellgp!ulIl!ln (·x .\lef('ld, ()(·st. Bot. Z('it. 9; 23. 1948. '.rYPE: UXITED STATES: L('at'rlllcorlll, 303. lSsn. near Xagodoc:hes .•. nnd Xatc:hitoches (HOLO l'. 1lrl/l'llr,.i R. Watson. Pro('. A!II(,t. A('nd. Arts nnd ~('i. 25: '.rYPE: XY); 1'cLillIIIl'il'l', Louisiana (PARA'!'YPE: 129. 1800. 'l'YPE: rXI~PED RT.\'1'ES: 'l'llIIr/lel' PH). Z[19, DOna Ana (LEf''l'OTypg: on; ISO'l'YI'FlS: r. cxigl((l, Nuttall in Torrey &; Gray, Fl. X. Amer, 1: 272. F o FIGrR~; a.-V;cilllurZot:id(J/I/I druwll from herharium sp('cimenH: A. Hnhit rX O.ii); B. I('atirts (X ii); (', int\or(,Hc('nce and subtending 1('lIf (X 1) ; D. /lower (X i) J : E. IUHlrO('Cinl sllE'll t h lind styl(' ( X !J) ; F. :;t~'lar 1111 ir pn t(ern (X 27) ; G, lllllture legumes (X 1) ; II. seeds (X 7). 299-212 0 - eo - 1 16 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1601. U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE r. l('(I!'CIII('Or/lIif "HI'. (l('ci£l.cJI/aliH }';hillJll'ri', ]<'jpJrJ HJl(l S7II'('I'(' 7!.l.f} purR XA. Fr). rHTHC\HrA: Lah. 16: :!2. 1\1-11'. TYPE: r:,\I'l'ED 8'1'.\,l'E~: Jfm'tizen & Fcrllll 1(](} (TEX). CO.\IIFILA; .1[II1/CI', Chi;;o:> ~[onlJtnil1s. TIoot 8prillA' (JIOLO ~r\lzplliz. J!m'slt :21:37 (F. OKL. TEX). XrEYO TYPE: 8~r£': T80TYPE~: ~ro. XYl. LEOX : 1[ontl'lTl'Y, TJodyl' (FS). subsp. is part of ,Yintl'l' annunl.-HC'l'bacl'ons "il1(,. np to 2 III riria l/ido/,h'illi/a Il1do/-;('inl/a lon~. (h'~'ing ~l'pl'n. ~lnbl'ou::; to pnlX'l'lIll'l1t. T1'i what-. has 1)(,l'11 a pOO1'l~' Ill1tlt'rRto()(j :l11inn('l' of ('h01'l(>S whitl'. L(,H\'l'S plnnatl'ly (,oJllj)ound. t(,l'Ini SOlltln\'{,Ht{,1'1l Fnit('d Stat{'s :t1l(1 nOl'thl'l'Il ::\Cl'xico Ilating in a l'tllllifiNl pre11<'IlSill' t('I1<11"11. Ll'nfll'ts rh·ia Slwcil's that inclnil{'cl r. (>,6,q/lI/. r. hrr.~sej. r. h'/I/'I'll and (Shinnl'rs. i>-li. l'nti1'e. thi.n. lil1('al'-obloll,\!' 01' (,1lipti,c to on], u'orth ii, r. 711do /'irimw If)48 .. 1,f}!){J .. m(j{}). ;j-l;~ hy 1.~-11 1\11\1. npl'X a{'ut(' to t1'lIncat(> or TtlJ'lH'l'. Tfl'rJllann. Lass(>ttl'l' (,Illil1'l!inatl' and 5011\('til11('::; IIlu('I'onnlnt(', bas(' (ut,,;!,) rt't'ol'd('cl thl' charactt'rH that haw intrinsi(' tapl'r('d. Sti.pnll':'; il1('ol1:,piC'uous. (,glandular. l'n taxonomic sil!nificallct' and ('ondlldl'd that hyo til'l'. RaC'l'l1w:-; with l-1$l clo::;ely spacP(1 flo\'\('l's, ,'ari<>ties and S('\'{'11 ~(lo~J'aphicnl l'aC{,S (phas!C's) ::;hort('1' than to ('xcl'l'dingsnbtl'nding lel"'l':';. ralyx 'WI'!.' )'ero~nizabl(' and dl'finahh, in t1w r. 711do ]('ss thl'n oll('-half standard ](,llgth. tl'('th 511lX'qun1 l'irimw. rompl('x.•\lthough a val'i('ty of nomencla with 2 npp<.>t' an'l'aging 0.2 mill sho1't('1' than 1mYl'r tm'(' has l)('en i'ormaIiz{,(j in aceonlan('e with the ;~ and all lal1(,(, subulate. not gibbons at basl', "Intel'l1ational Coele of Botanical Xomenclatnr{'.~' ~l'l'('n. COl'ol1a (Il'ep blnt' to bluish pnl'p1l' or whit thl' phaH(, nOl1\(>nclatllre for gl'ographieal races is ish with standard (..I:.~)-;j-6 ..i-(R.~) IIlI1110n~. An info1'111 a1 and is u8<'d for ~uidance. r irirr 11 ((.<;sfi. drol'cial sh('utlt obliqu(> at ap('x. ,stigl1la ~lobtllal'. now r('{'8tnhl ish{'(1ns a sp{'('ies, iH an ('l('ment of tlH' Styll' npl'x l'Ilcircll'd by hair:, of approximately Baja. California flora. and th(' othl'1' thl'l'l' taxn. l'\ltHll ll'ngth. O,-ary ~labron:-;. Ll'guIIIl' H\-:10 by arl' now part of thl' polymol'phic 5p('('il's ('ompll'x. -1-6 mill. :-;traw co]or to brown. g1abron~. r('ti('ulat<', T~. llldol'il'irrl1l1 (Lnssettrr. 1M/)). rhoI1lbic-ohlon~. partia]]y fiattene.d to nearly TIl<' two snhspe('ies of r. llldol'irirnw a.1'(, 11Ulo t('I'('t(', ohliqul'ly a('llllllnat(' at both l'nels. on 1 \TIm l'icil1lla, and leal'cnlc01'lllii (Tol'J'(,Y &. Gra~Y) 1.ns stipl'. b<.>al'ing-1-7 onrl('s. "'itll inn('r nlw Sl1l'facc Hf'tt{,l' and G1Inll stat. nOI'" based 011 rr.ludOl'il'imw smooth. twi;::tjJl~ tightly dming d(>]lis('ence. S(>('d Torl'l'~' and Gray (1838. p. 2'71). Snhspl'cil's 7e{(1! 2 mill in (liam('tl'l', spherical to suhsphel'ical, ('III1'OI'thii has two phasl's. ]l'(\\'pnworthii and :'1l1looth. li~ht gl'(,(,llish {)('ll(>1' to l'l'c1clish brown, lot1i~jann. AlthOllgh neither phas(' has hl'l'n col lllottll'd all(l pointl'cl with (lad;: browl1. Hilum l('('tt,tl in )f('xico. phnsl~ l('an'Jlworthii likely may color of 8el'(1coat. oblon~. ;j tim('s longe!' than wide. bl'. in ~f('xi('o :tlong thl' Rio GI'l1n<1l'. hasrd 0n its parallel t-O ](,Ilgtlt of 8<'('(1. O(,(,l1p."jn~ aoont :30 pel' CS. di"trilmtion. c('nt, of seed. ('ircIlIl1fl'l'l'J1cl'. with lips of 11iJn.1' SII1>sl)(>('i('s lud01';riOJIrt has fin' phas('s, with grooyp, lISna 11~' pak straw color. Lpns brown to th1'l'(' in Ml'xico. ril'ia 7udol'irimw. Yar.ludol-h·iana blackish. with rn.if;('(l center about 0.5 IIUIl from phase ('xi~na is r(,Htrietl'd to Raja C'a1ifo\'nirt ftlHl hilum. adja('('nt. islands. This taxon is sympatric with F. Distribution.-r ir/({ lud01·iriana snbsp. lud0 hrMsei. Phasl' laxifiol'a is fonnd in northern ('oa "idalia is wid(>l~' :-;catt('I'Nl ill l1ort11<'111 .\rkansas. hui la, and XlIl'YO Leon. Phnsl' prodtlC'ta is known becoming lllor(> fl'l'qut>llt in /;,xfl'PI11(' HOlltJ1l'1'lI )[is from 011(' spp('iml'll ('oll('('t('cl in ChihuuhnH. Phasl' sissippi and adjac(,I1t .\Illballl!l. in sontlll'l1l LOld \exnna likl'1y n1!I~' b(' foulI(l in northern ::\Il'xi.co siana. in (>astl'I'n Tt>xa:-;. in nOI-(lwl1l Xu('\'o L(lon to llionl! th(' Hio (tran(1('. basl'd on its r.s. distribu ~hihuahua, and in Baja, California, Hnd nc1ja('('nt tion. Phase llldo,·i('iana. is not ('xpl'('tl'd to bl' in lsIands. ~[pxieo. bnsl'd on its 'C.S. clistribntion. S('ll'dml :\[('xi('a n s1>(>{'i 1lll'IlS (>xa 1111 nl'el.- Tabl(' 1 SIlIll111ari7.(l5 801M of tlt(' ('hal.'ac'tl'l's that STATE C~I(XO~YX: lVoo18on, ;\faY lAin. lIIay 1>0 Ils<.>d to id{'n!'ify tIl(' ~f('xil'HIl ll1('mbcl'i-l of (~rrCII). BAJA CALIFOHXIA; San 'Qu('ntiJ1 this s})('('i('$ (·olllplex. Lass('ttl'l' (/,f}72) p1'l's('nts ad Bay, Palm('/' 603 (F, :\lEXC )IICH. (8): ditional charact('\·s and a. clisem;sion. GEXUS VIOlA WITH NOTES ABOUT TRIBE VICIEAE 17 TABLE I.-Characters 'llsed to ident(fy members oj Vida ludoviciana complex 1 Occlll'rcnec and charader:; ---I-~-=--T3gf L-I----!----I~----l'-----,1-;.;-1- -7:-' l ,.... 0 5 t 'S'~ E-' ' 1'"'- "::: :: ...... 0 ' I 1 . - I· =: c.:...... c... E ! ..!:: :: ~, ...... -.. 1 ...... I t~ I:; ';::: ! ro c =.. . I/COl'TCIana Sll)"PCCIC" .E? I,~~-g:g I ~:,g I ";' i 8! I .!,' 5 t'; !.!, e~ := .~ .5 5 E 11; • .3 Z~ j !i ~ I 36 j z: ;, ~ i l! ~ ~?:: ~ ~ L.. ~c.: ~-58E(=~~~j,,8' I c...-., ~ f.' '~~--:::...s /!)~~ c 10::-< :;.. c.. .. ~ I ~ :... ';:: 2' '::: f:' l s: J::= ::: I ~ ... =~ ?: d c;- ::>. • <:. 0 0 0 C,) '" I Y<= ~ -0 ..c: I1- ;: ::>'.::.- ,.~"~ ~ ,. l~ I - _ I::> _ ~ ~ -= _ '...... I~ ~ I ~ ! ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ 1,"'::~'''i~P~''::~'~'~::':~H~I--;,,,~~,·~ ~I X--~ X- -~~~T~~~~ x~-~!~~~~' X-- ludol'iciallaphnsPcxigulL -~I ¥P" !- x. __ 1__ .,,_ X_ -L.-_~ X ludodciunaphasclnxiflora .--_., YPl> ·-1 ~~~':!' x ~! X X _____ /______X lwlol'l:cl:ana phnsc pl'llducta. ~-"'I YCl>_. -I.. __ --- ... 1 X~~ . '1 X._~ ~" .. ,._•. _ X ludol'IClallaphas('tl'x:lnn, '''--'1 N°l ! "~l X --I' X --I X~ .-- I For additional chnral'tcn; nne! discussion, see Lassctter (1972)_ 6. Vida pulclrella Humboldt, Bonpland, Kunth subspecies pulclrella (subgenus Vicilla, seclion Cracca) Showy Vetch (Fig. 7, :;\Iap 4) ricin ]Illlr'hrl/n Humholdt, Honplalld. Kunth !luh;;n. throughout. Corolla creamy white to white with ]JII/chr'/a. Xo\'. G('n. ct Xp. PI. G: 401). lR24_ ('ta.('cn llulc/icl/n (IInllllloldt, Honplalld. Knnth) AlefeJd, purple \-pins or pinkish to hluish purpl('. wit.h BOlljJlHlldia I): Uf). lR(ll. '],Y[,}<]: )IEXTCO: IIumstallda.rd ;)-H-(12) mm long. Andl'Qecittl sheath 110/(11 <£ /lOII]l/(lIIt/, )fp!leala (IIOL01'YPI~: P)_ obliqll(, at appx. StignHL globular. Styl(' a.pex en r. ,~lIblll(/t(/, XesHl' ,,\: )Ioeiiio ex Xteudel, XOIll. Bot. ed. 2: (,ircled by ha.irs of uniform l('ngth. O,'ary gla i65. IH-11. (X('gatil'(' 454;>3, l!') brous. L('g-lIllIe 20-:35 by 5-8 mm. straw color, 1'. IIlrli/%irl(w Wootpn ,,\:; Xtnndle~.. ('olltr. r.R. XatI. Herh. obi iqllely acuminate at. both ('.nels, on 1 mm stipe, IG: 141. ]913. TYPE: rXJ'l'ED !-;']'A'J'ER: 8lancll<,[1 4364, 'Yinsors Ran('h, l'C('os Ri\,pr Xatiollal Forest, b('a.ring 1>-7 o\'ul('s, with inn!'!' \-alV(' Hllrface X. ~Iex, (HOLOTYl'E: UR; JHO'l'Yl'E: GH). smooth. twisting tightlY during dehisc('nce. Se('cl J'. ('rlllifolin !-;('all(lley, FiE'ld ~[n;;, Xat. Xc. Hot. Xl'r. 22 (2) : 2.2-2.;1 mm in diametpl', subsph('rical, smooth dull R3. 1949. 'rypg: ~IgXI('O; [,rSu(:ur 714. La CimH, reddish brown Illottl('d with black. Hilum color of ('hihunhllll (HOLO'l'ypg; F). RC('dcoat, oblong to w('c1ge-sha.ped, {j times longer than wide, parallel to length of seed, ()('cupying 26 P('rennial.-I-Tf'I·hac('ons yillf', up to 1.5 m long, per('.('nt. of se('t! ci rcumfel'('nce. L('ns black, with drying gr('('n, puh('scf'IlL to glahrate. Trichomes mi8('. E F G • ll'muRE 7.-Ficia, pulchclln suhS)'- 1m/f'll rlla lirawn from hf.'rlmrlUIIl 1'])I'('\IIlt'IIH: A. Hnhit (X 0.75) ; u. )I'nfll't:s (X 2.5) i f'. infloresceuces and subt('nding l('nf (X 0.75) ; D. tlmYt'l' (X ;,) ; 1~. 1l1l(ll'OPcinl I'lipnth nlHl st.vil' (X 10) ; F. stylnr hair pattern (X 30) ; G, lllnturl' legulllPs (X t.::~) ; 1l. Sl'l'<1s (X r;). GEl\"'US VIeIA WITH NOTES ABOUT TRIBE VICIEAE 19 COAHUILA: Oak forest. Buenos Aires. [{elwyel' Vic'ia pulchella subsp. lmlchella is the most com & Orum ~(J98 (~:IICH). DURAKGO: Sierra mon and widespread nathe ~fexic.an vetch, and it :Madre Occidental, eley. 2.600-2,700 m. Pennell is one of two ,'etches endemic to Central .AmN'iea. 184-58 (DfEXr, US). GUAXAJrATO: Shaded The other endemic i::; r. humili8. riria'lnilr/zella bank near Cerro Zamorano, ele,.. 2,600 m, ~11c('xhibits 1(':-;s yariation tlum most. endemic \-etches, Yauqh 10404 (MICH). HIDALGO: ~~nder cliffs especially considering its wide rangl'. Thl' flowers near ~fetep('c Station. dev. 2.5:30 m. Plinqle 11[)70 ('xhibit. color ntriation and the sub::;p('cies are based (F, ~IICH, rS).•TALISCO: Sierra. ~fa(h'e, R08e 011 cliscrC't(' flowl'r lengths. Sllbspl'ciC's mexirana ~tJ61 (PS). ~fEXICO: AI1l('calllecn. ('Ie\". 2.600 \yith a .flower length of 12 mm or more. usually 1:3 111, Jlatuda 18808 CMEXF). ~nCHOACAN: 18 III 111. is the next taxon. Of the approximat.ely Morelia, ele\'. 2,200 m. A.1'8cne (J586 (FS). 250 speciml'ns of subspecies pulrhella and m.(?,'cl ~lTE,YO LEOX: Anoyos n,nd canyon slope..;; near rewa collected in :'\lexico and Guatemala, only three Galeana. ('le\". 2.200 Ill, Lllueller & Lllllellel' /;66 (F. han\ an intermediate flower length. These collec :'\fEXr~ ~:IICH). OAXA.CA: Sierra de San tions we1'(, made in Chihuahua. The collection by F('lip(', ele,'. :3,050 111, Smith 568 (F. FC' rS). LeSu(,u}, m.J has flower lengths from 8.9 to 11 111m. PFEBLA: E::;peranza. Purpu.s ~476 (PO~f. FC). Another Hnd !llOrp. widely c1i::;tribnted collection, SAX LFIS POTOSI: Ah'arez. Palm('/' 66-1/~ TOll'll,w'lld & Bal'bf'I' 1'2:), has flower lengths from (F, ~fEXU. US). SINALOA: Pine for('st, elev. 0.5 to 12 mill. The ltl'urkebpl'q 4,94,) specimens have 1.830-2,130 m. Gentry 0927. 6·918 (~fICH). flOW0l'S approaching 1:3 mm. Except. for these col SONORA: Bumt on'!' pineland, Puerto de. los lections. subspl'cies !,ulrhella flowers arl' l('s...:; than Aserraderos, White 9848, .118.'] (:MICH). TA 10 111m long and usually less than 8 mm. :MArLIPAS: ~fa!'cel1a. Btcmjcrl'd. Laube?'. & TJit.tle is known about the pollination and crop Taylor 8.n. (RSA. 'FS)' potential of r. pulrndla. Plants are. usually found Guatemalan sp('cimen::; examinec1.-HFEHFE at. about 2,000 meters and often ass(){'iated with TENAXGO: Ra.vill(,S and hill::;ic1es below Cala ::;tony hill::;idps. Collectors' habitat. remarks in veras, elev. :3,000 m. /TTilliam.s, Jlolina R., & /TTilcluded harren mountain summits. coveringml limn.s 21987 (F). QPEZALTENANGO: San canic r(){',ks nnd shrubs. on stee.p slopes. shaded a.r .Tuan Ostuneulco, elev. 3.000 m. TVilliam.s. ;lIolina royo bank. l1nd('r ('1 ifl's. cre::;t of ridgl' , wpll-drained R.,&lVilliamR2r27J/J (F. US) and25531 (F.NA). soil l)('tween rocks. and rocky rhyolitic ::;oil. The SAN )fARC:OS: Edge of cypress forest. San \-ines lllay b(' ttbundant. TIlC'y mny gro\\' in shade Sebastian, eley. 3.050 Ill, Wmiam8~ illolina R., & or full sunlight and in association with or separ Williams (F). a.tely from other plants. 7. Vida pulchella Humbuldt, Bonpland, Kunth subspecies mexicana (Hemsley) C. R. Gunn (sub genus Vicilla, section Cracca) Mexican Showy Vetch (Fig 8, Map 4) Ficia pulchclla Humllol o FIGURE 8.-Vicia 1l1llchel(n sn!Jsp. /I/('.l'i('((nr( drawlI ftom l\('rlmI'i11In ~ql('('il11('fls: A, HI\hit (X n.r. J ~ H, le![l/('ts (X 1.5) i C', fiow('rs 8. Vida americana Muhlenberg ex -rlmdenow subspecies americana (subgenus Vicilla, section Americanae) American Vetch (Fig. 9, Map 5) r;('it~ (£I11(,I';('(lI/(/. :\Iuhlenherg ('x ,Villd('now subsp. (ltncrir, ('op('/al/(m Ea.stwood, Bull. 'l'orr. Bot. (,Iub 32 (4) : 196. ('nIl{/., Rp. PI. 3 (~) : 1096. 11'02. ~lb(l(,OMI. amel'ie(ll/a 11105. '1'ypE: rXJ'l~EJ) STATES: ('opel(lIl(/ 165, nnlldeno\\' l ~\lef('ld. Bonplandia 9: 104. 1861. Siskiyou Co., Calif. (HOLOTypE; CAS). TYPE: 1'XITEJ) WPATER: .lIlIlt/('nb('rg 201. l'ennsyl TT. ]111111 if(/. H('ll('r, :\IuhL 2 (1 J: SR. 1905. TYPE; mnia (IIOLOTypE: B, photo). rXI~l'ED STATES: li('ll('r 7938. Siski~'ou Co., ('alif. 01'011118 riiffll811S Xuttall, Frm'<. ('at. 1813. Reprinted in (HOJ,O'PYPE: XY; IH01'YPES: F. GH. rsc, US). Pittonia 2: 118. 1890. T,(l11IlII'1/8 (liffIWI.~ (Xutta.ll) r. lfa~71;II[11011(,1I8i8 Ruksdorf. 'IY('st Amer. Sci. 15 (130) : Don. Gen. IIist. Dieh. Pis. 2: 336. lR32. 'J:ypE. 59. WOO. TYPE: rXI'l'1'lD H'l'A'l'EH: Rllks(lort 2648, rXITED STATES: Xo trp(' preseryed. Kli('kita.t Co., Wash. (lIOLOTypE: WTF; rso 1', .~yll'(/.liI'a. of Xuttall, G('n, 2: 97. 1811'. Xon L. (IIl('or 'l'iPES : F, GIT, ISC). r('(·tl~- attrihut('(l to Xuttall hr )<;UbS(,([U(,l1t authors.) I'. l)(,/,(lII{III.~I(I. Gre(,llc, Leaf!. 2~: 267. 1912. TYPE: r. Ort'flal/(/. Xuttall in Torr('r &: Gru~', Fl. X. AIll('r. 1: .270. eXITED STATES: Reall, .Tune 1G, 1912, Coconino 1f<.'38,1-. Olll('l'ir'(/lln \·ar. 01'('U(l//(/ (Xuttall) X('lS011 in Co., Ariz. (SYXTypE: Pro pal'le: Right Rpe('imen ('ouit('r & Xplson. Bot. R()('k)- :\fts. 301. 1009. V. 1'S). (/1//('1';('(11111. subsp. Ort'fI(lI/(/. (Xutt.) .\brams, l~l. Pa(,. r. p(,l'anflll.~/(/ ,·ar. /(I(iIl8('II/a (lrN"IlC, l.ratl. 2: 26S. 1012. Htat('s 2: 617. 1!)+f. TYPE; rXITED HTA'l'ES: '1'Y1' 1<1 : l'XI'I'ED H'I'A'J'J FIGURE 9.-Vicia amcricmllL 8ubsp. ClII/('ricml(/' drawn from herhnrinm sllt'('imt'I1S: A, Hahit (X 0,1';) ; n, It'a/lNS showing size and shape Yariation (X 0.7;:;) ; C, flower (X 3); J), anrlro('('inl sll(>ath nnd style (X 7) ; E. styJIll' hair pattern (X 21) ; P, mature legumes (X 1) ; a, seeds (X 5). GENUS VleIA WITH NOTES ABOUT TRIBE VICIEAE 23 inconspicuous, l'glandular, usually shal'ply Sl'rrate. ~fC'xieall specin1('ns rxaminec1.-STATE UN Racemes elongate, with (2)-::3-10 ,,,idely spaced KX01YX: Wright ,9!p; (tT). CHUn"TAIUTA: flowers, shorter than subtenc1ing ll'af. Cn.lyx less Xear Colonia Gn.rcia. eIe\'. 2.280 111. Town.send ru than one-half standn.rd length. teeth unequal 'with B({.}'bfl'4- (F, ~fEXr.MO. XY, PO~LTEX, LTC). 2 upper shortl'st poorly denloped nnd CUlTecl and DISTRITO FEDERAL: Canada de Contreras, 2 lateral and basal stmight cll'ltoid not long at elpv. :UOO m, r azqufz H. (EXCB). MEXICO: tennatl', gibbous at base, usually pal'tinlly bluish Municipio de Tlalmanalco. eley. :1,050 m. Jlonc([.yo purple toward apex. Corolla \'arying shades of :2:; (PS): Rafael. eley. 2.700 m. RZ('rlOlI'Slt'i 15.'3 bluish purple to rarely white. with standarc112-25 (EXCB): Rzedowsh 1.9J/27 (ENC'B, ISO); mm long. Androecial sheath ohlique at apex. RZNl01l'ski (t· Holguin (EXCB). ~fORELOS: Stigma globular. Style apC'x C'ncircled by hairs Zempoala. Paray 1£80 (EXC'B). with abaxial sm-£ace bearing elongated hairs form Although r. americana subsp. (II11(,1'icm1((. is not ing brush. Omry bearing soon deciduous golden an obligate. self-pollinator. it is polymorphic, ex hairs. Legume 25-::3f) by 5-6 mm, light to dark hibit.ing pronounC'l'd variations in leaflet shape. straw color. glabrous (pubescent in small popula sizC', and thich..less: pubef'('encp: stipule. shape and tions in Arizona. California, Oregon, and 1Yash size: hei~ht; and f1owl'r number. It may be idrnti ington). strongly reticulate, oblong, tel'ete to fled easily and consistently by the number of partially flattened, oblique and acute at both ends, flow(ll's per ra.ceme. standard ]C'n!!th, shape of on 4-5 mm stipe, bearing B-l4, ovules. with innC'r sIy]ar 113.irs, unequal calyx teeth, ovule number, m1ve surface smooth. twisting loosely to tightly and pel'centa!!(' of seed c.ircumferenc.(' occupied by during dehiscence. Seed 3-8.5 mm in diameter, the hilnm. Its phl'notypic yariability and wide l'mbspherical to oblong, smooth. dull purplish geo[!ra phic. rang(' haYe C'ontributecl to its ta,xo brown to dull light brown. with scattered to dC'nsc nomiC' and nomenclatural confusion. This pheno dark-brown mottleR and points (some sC'eds so typic variability has been diS<'ussed and eyaluated densely speckled as to appear almost mono by Gnlln (1,968). chrome). Hilum color of seec1coat or silv('ry (due Yiria. ((171(,1'i('(1na subsp. m.inol' (Hooker) C. R. to funicular remnants). oblong to slightly wcdge Gnnn 8tat. 11.01'•• based on Y. ameri(,rtna val'. 1nin01' shaped. 5-6 times longer than wide. parallel to HookPl' (Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 157. 1831. synt.ype K), length of seC'cl, occupyin!! 20-33 percent of seed has not bC'('n found in )fpxiC'D, though one. of the circumference, with Eps of hilar groove color of herbariulIl sheets from Chihuahua (J'ownBend a.nd hilum. Lens general1y darker than s('ed, with Bm'bf1' 4. rC) re...~mbles this snbspecie.<;. This raised center 1.3-2 mm from hilum. sheet. although superficially similar to subspecies Distribution.-Yida americana sllbsp. amm'i mino}', has been iclpntifiecl as subspecies a1l!~rican,(L cana. is found throughout southern Cn.na.c1a and using characters presented by Gunn (19(8). Fur Alaska and tll(> rnited States essC'nt.ially 11011.h of thermore. then' are at least seven hhects of this col the 74° F isot.herm. from Ke.w En!!lanc1 and ad lection and the otlll'l' six do not. superficially resem jar.ent Oanadn.. The 74° F isotherm se.parates tIl<' ble sulmpecies 11/ ino7'. microthermal and l11C'sotllerma.l climn.tic l'Pgions One ~fexican spC'cinH'n, lV1'ight ,94-5 (UC), pos it):]!). (Thornthwaite. South and wpst. of the Se~<;sC's unusually na.ITOW leaflC'ts (a. lrngth/wiclth terminus of thhi lin(' in XC'w :Mexico (Gann. J,908. ratio of 10 or 1;101'1.'), which do not. exce(\d ·12 by 1 ([lIu'1'i('((na. fi.q· 5), the distribution of subspecies is 111 Ill. The occul'l'ence of narrow leaflet plants gO\'ernNl by elevation or an O('p.an-('ool('cl r.limatp. t hroughont. the I'nnw, of r. amel'i(,flIUt subsp. amer In Mexico. this subsppclC's has not. been found be icana has been clis('ussed (Gunn. 1968, pp. 1.9'7 low 2,200 meters. SustainC'cl heat appears to be dct H)8). This phE>notype has b('en assigned specific rin1('ntal. Tll!.' c:ollectiOlls in Morelos. Distrito and Yllrietal ranks in the TTnited States. However, Federal, and MC'xico rC'pr('~<;('nt. both t.lH' southern r han' eon('lndrd that thrse lineal' lC'aflet pheno limit of this subspecies as well as possibly relic types llI('rit no mOI'e than forma I'('cog-nitioll .for populations. There ILre· 110 discernibl('. differences these reaRons: (1) T1H'Y share all th('\ tedll11ca1. between t.hese central Mexican populations and e1mractl'I's ('xhibit(' 9. Vicia americana Muhlenberg ex WiHdenow subspecies mexicana C. R. Gunn (subgenus Vicilla, section Americanae) Mexican American Vetch (Fig. 10, Map 5) ricin nll/cricancL )luhlenberg ex IVilldenow subsp. /IlcxiMucller & Mucller 510, Xue\"'o LeOn (HOLOTYPE: ccma O. R. Gunn nov. subsp. TYPE: MEXICO: )IEXU; ISOTYPES : F, TEX). V. americana subsp. americana V. americana subsp. mexicana V. andico/a (oroad leaflet) V. andicola (narrow leaflet) FIGURE 10.-T'icia americana subsp. americana and subsp. mex-icana compared with two phenotypes of V. andicola, a South American species: 1'. ameriCa1w subsp. (l.lIleric(l,nn inflor('scence and leaves (>< 1), flower (X 2), androecial sheath and style (X 2), stylar hair pattern (X 0) ; Y. americwna subsp. 1IlCWiCllna inflorescence and leaves (X 1), flower (X 2), androecial sheath and style (X 2), stylar hair pattern (X -!) ; r. anclicoZn (broad leaflet) inflores cence and leaves (X 1), flower (X 2). androecial sheath and style (X 2), stylar hair pattern (X 4) ; Y. nnllicola (narrow leaflet) inflorescence and leayes (X O.5), flower (X 1.5), androecial sheath and style (X 1.5), stylar hair pattern (X 4.5). 26 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1601, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE A SlbOS]). a1n 10. Vicia leucophaea Greene (subgenus ViciUa, section Mediocinctae) Mogollon Vetch (Fig. 11, Map 5) Vicia.lcltcophaca. Green~, Bot. Gaz, 6: 217, 1881. TYPE: eter, subspherical to squarish, smooth, monochrome U~ITED STATES: Greene, Pinos Altos )'Ionntains, dull brown or greenish ocher and mottled with ~. ),Iex, (HOLOTYPE: ~DG; ISOTYPES: F, 1\:[0), dark brown. Hilum brown, oblong, 6 times longer T", mediocincta. '8. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. than wide, parallel to length of seed, occupying 21: 425. 1886. 11. lellcophaea. var. melliocinrta (S. about 23 percent of seed circumference, with lips Watson) Rose, Contr. U.S. 'Natl. Herb. 1: no. 1891. 'TYPE: :MEXICO: Palmer 341, Cum'bre, southwestern of hilar groove color of hilum. Lens black, 'with Chihuahua. Type not located. ra.ised center about 1 mm from hilum. Distribution.-TTicia Zeucophaea is a little Perennial.-Herbaceous vine, up to 8 dm long, studied species. Its range is restricted to south drying green, sparsely "illous. Trichomes golden eastern Arizona, and southwestern New Mexico to tawny. Leaves pinnately compOlmd, terminat and south into Mexico through Sonora. and Chi ing in a simple (seldom ra.nLified) prehensile tendri1. I~eaflets B-8, entire, thin to cOriUC80us, huahua into Durango. linear to lanceolate to elliptic-oblong (basal Selected Mexican specimens.-CHIHUAHUA: leaflets occasionally obovate and truncate), 7-25 Pringle IB30, cool slopes of Sierra Madre (F, by 1-6 mm, 'a,pex rounded to acute and muc.ronu MEXU, NY, POM, US, VT). DURANGO: Palme1' 318 Otinapa (F, GH, MO, NA, NY, DC, late, base tapered. Stipules inconspicuous, egland 1 • ular, entire. Racemes short, with 1-2 closely spaced US). SONORA: White 3B08, burned over pme flowers, shorter than subtending leaf. Calyx less land (ARIZ, MICH). than one-half to one-haH standard length, teeth Fioia le'ucoplwea, is the only North American essentially equal straight attenuate, not gibbous at Vicia, species that I have not grown in a field plot base, green throughout. Corolla w}:itish to cre~m or a greenhouse. Data about its duration are con color with standard veins and keel tIP purple, WIth flicting. From studies of herbarium 'Specim~ns) the standard 7-9 mm long. Androecial sheath oblique species woulel seem to be a perennial. ThIS con at apex. Stigma disc-shaped. Style apex glabrous, clusion is based on the appearance of the bases and style encircled by hairs about midway between not on the presence of rhizomes. stigma and ovary. Ovary appressed-villous, with Because of the placement of its stylar 1111.irs, V. white hairs. Legume 25-40 'by 4-6 mm, straw color le'uColJhaea is unique among New and Old 'World to brown, appressed-villous, obscurely reticulate, Vieia, species. Its relatiollshi p to other New World lanceolate, flattened, obliquely acuminate to almost V ida species needs further study. This unique bea,i~ed at both ends, on 0.5 mm stipe, bearing 8-10 charadeI' was incorrectly recorded by Greene ovules, with inner valve surface smooth, twisting (1881), who said "style very villose at apex." He tightly during dehiscence. Seed 2-2.6 mm. in diam- differentiat~cl V. ImLCophae(t from other Vicia GE~LJS VlelA WITH NOTES ABOUT TRIBE YlCIEAE 27 FIGURE n.-Vida leu.copnaclL drawn from herharillm specin1('IIS: A, Hnhit (X 0.5) ; B, leaflets (X ;{) ; f', flower (X 3) i D, nndroecial sheath and stylI' (X -4.i'i) ; E, ::;tylar hair pattern (X H) i P, maturp legume ( X 1) ; G sep(\s (X ;{). J 28 TECffNICAL BULLETIN 1601, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE species by its (,ream-eolored stan(Ia.reI ehang-inp: to SOIll(' of thl' widel~' distl'ihut€'d Prdmer ,J78 purpln and its 11ppres..<;('(1 hllirs. 'Yat.son (1886) s)l('('ts b(,IlT lL llotMioll that is ull('xpect(>d and not correctly de&>ribNl the placement of stylar hairs \'(\rifiNl: "(iarbmINP((, p:l'oW~ amonp: p:raSS<'s and amI l'ecognize(1 its sip:ni fiellllc{' by using- thC' char otlwr plants. it i~ said to he injllrion~ to animals t{) artel' as the SOlU'C{, of his sper1C'8 epithet. ('at. it. ha:-> tIl(' :-ian\(' reputation at Alnu·pz. San Apica.l styln.r hairs hold. poJ]('n in juxt~lposition Luis Potosi:' It is nnlik('ly that this note is 1'1.' to tl1<' ;;tig-mll and tlllls facilitat(> f('rtilization. ('ord€'(l on tlIP COlTf'<'t spe<'illl<:'n for tlwAA r<'asons: Jid~l. leu('opha{'11 floweTS would hl' expC'('tNL to hC' ! 1) 'I'll(' sped(ls is not known from San Luis :seli-pollinatl'C1 in thC' hud stnp:e beruuse of the PotosI. (~) ri('in spedes ar(' s(.'ldom. injurious placement of tll(' :stylal' hairs. Thc.'y are too loW' to (poi:-;01101l8), llnd (;1) it is doubtful that this plant hold poIJen around the stigma when the flower is o(,curs in snilki('nt numbers to constitut{' a notice fully expanded. able rang-e hazard. 11. Vida sativa Linnaeus (subgenus Vicia, section Vida) Common Vetch (Fig. 12, )fn.p 5) !"ida. .wlil'a. Linnueus. ;:';)1. PI.: i3H, 17ii3. TYPE: 01' ohtllsl' to tnllwa(t' OJ' (,Illarginat!' and 111lH'l'ollU ErROPK (HYX'I.'YPEH: LrXX. Inn't'futtiol1:11 D(J('u late. base tap('l'(\d to :;lightly l'onnd('(l. StipnlC's in mentutiOIl {'E'lltre mkro!i('lIE' f)()(j.20. 906.21. nud conspicuolls to sOlllewhat ('OnSpiclloll:;, bearing 006.23), usually ~harply serratC'. r. Iw((rta GilihE'rt. FI. LitUilll. 2: 1()5, liEU. purplish nectary. RaC'{'J1)eti r. baC'/a. :\Io('nch. )[E'th. 14.'4. 1i!H. suhsessile, with 1-2-(~) ('108('ly spae{'d flOWN'S, r. alba· )IOench, )leth. Hi'. 1i()4. sho!'t('l' than sllbtendinl! lea"!'. Calyx one-half or r. lrll('(Mprrlll(( )foeneh. )1('t1l. HI'. Ii!).!. ipss standard 1C'l1l!th. t('('th su!Jrqual linNtl'-subu r. cal/(/.(ZerlM,~ ZuC(:ugni. Ohs. Bot. Cent, I (3ll). X(" i'3. late to lanc('olatC' with lowl'l':3 hearinp: conspicuous 1806, vpllowish-hrowl1 npdal'Y. gibbons at hase. V. cordata. 'Wulfen ex Hoppe in Stunn, DeutHehl. 1<'1. Heft not 32. 1812. :"l'e(,llt- throuo·hont.,... Coroi1n. "iolet lJUrple. to rarely r. pilllpinelloicirs )lnuri, 1'1. Rom. ('ent. 13: 3;i, t. 1. lRIK ",hitp. ",ith standard usually 11{-30 mm long (8-18 T'. in('i.~I~ )1. BiE'I){'rstt'in, 1<'1. Tllur. ('llne. 3: 47t. lRW. !lllil long in ;;ubspc.'('it's nir';'Il). ~\.nclroerilll sheath F. ul(lbra. ~khlE'i<'h('r. Cllt". PI. Hely. I'd. 4: 37. 11>21. obliquC' nt alwx. Stip:ma p:lobulal·. style. apC'x ('n r .. ill/cl'lIwllin Yi\'inni, Fl. L('h. 42, t. Hl, f. 1. lR24. ('ireled bv hairs with ahaxial snrfac.e. b&'\ring e10n r. cosclItilii 0l1SS0lW, ]<'1. Hi('. Prod. 2: 426. 1R2R p:fltec1 h~il';; forminl! a, hrush. O\'ar)' ~pubesce~t. 1', mclanOHperlll(l. Reil'hC'nhlll'h, FI. Gt'~Ill. Exc. 530. 1832. F. crythos/Jcrllla Reichtmhneh, Fl. Germ. Exc. ;i30. 1832. Lel!ull1<.> (2i»-a5-RO by (i-12 mm or 4·.:>-6 mm m r. lIcmoralis '1'('l1ore, F1. Xnp. 5: 111'. 1835. subspeeie;; ('or-data. Yc.'llowish to b:·own. rar~ly r. ma('rotarpa. Bertoloni, If!. Itnl. 7: iill. lIN.7. white or bla('k (black oj' nea.rly so 111 subsp('.(']C's r. cUllea/a Grf'niPI: & GOelton. FIn, Fr, 1 ; 459. 1M8. niqm). rathel' pllbC's('('nt. stl'onp:ly l'eticnlah" r. nClIIor(lli.~ BorelUl, F1. ('('ntr. ]1'1". ed, 3, 2: 172. 1&37. 1il~eal', ('ompressed to neRrly t(',rC'te.. torulose or V. lIIorisinll(l.•Tordan ('x BOr('I1U, ]1'1. l'entr. Fr. I'd. 3, 2: 172, smooth in subSI)('('i('s l1U(('J'O('Gl'pa, oblique and 1857. ae.nte at both ('n<1s. stipe. a.bS('nt, b~lrinf! 5-13 r. (,(J/II/11ulli.~ Rouy, FL Fr. 5: 2()R. 1890. o\'ulNl, with i1111('l' nt.h'(· SUrill(,{, bearingfibl'OllS V. maoula/(/. ROily in ROuy &; FOllcnrd, Fl. ]1'r. G: 211. WOO. el'OSS ribs. twisting loosely to tip:ht1y during .de, hiscPI1c{',. S('cd 3.5-6 mill in diameter, snhsphm:lCal Annual.-Herbaceous yine, Up to 1 m long, dry to sphe.rle[lJ, sublentieulal', lenticular, ovoidal,. or ing green. g]nbl'e$('('nt. Tl'icholl}(,s whit('. LeaveB <,uboidal smooth. dull pale stl'l1W to dfLl'k gn~ell1sh ochl'l' to' greC'll. lightly to int(,llsely mottled and pinllltt€ly compound, terminating in (L l''lmified prehensile tench'i1. Le.aflets 4-18, usually entire pointed with light to A, I. I \ \\ .',~ !I .,..~\ :} !::..:.\ H (DID FIGURE 12.-ncia. 8aiirn L. snbsp, Iwli/'a drawn from gr('enhom;(~gr()\\'n plllnts: .1. Hllhit (X 0.5) : B. stipul(' with nl:'rtllry patril (X 3) ; (', l(,lltl('ts shOIYing shUIW and !lP<'X I'llrilltion (X 2) ; n. flow(,r f X 2) : N. Ilndro('('ial shpllth and style (X 2.i.i) ; F. stylllr hair pattern (X 0) ; (J. immaturp Ipgnllle (X O,ri!; 11, lllnturp )Pglllll(' (X 1.) ; I, sped shape and color varia tion (from white to nellrly hlll('k I (X 3). 30 TECfu~ICAL BULLETIN 1601, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE to length of seed, occupying 14-15 percent of seed Based on the sUl'reyed herbaria, V. 81[ti1)a, subsp. circumference, with lips of hilar groove color of 8atiN" is the only subspeci('s found in ~rexi('o and hilum. Lens usually blackish or brown to light Central America. It is unlikely that subspecies straw on seeds with light-colored se{'dcoat.R, 'with amphi{'al'pa (Dorthes) Ascherson & Graebner and raised center usually 1 mm from hilum (occa subspeci('s inri8a, (M. Bieberstein) Arcangeli are sionally about 0.7 mm). in ~f('xico or Central America. Lack of mature Distributlon.-Yiria. 8atil'(l, is a widely planted l('gumes and seeds often prevents the COl"l"('ct iden seed and fodd('r crop in XOl'th America. The tification of subsp('<"ies ('Ol'data C\Yulfen ex species has become naturalized in diverse areas of Hoppe) ~\schers()1l &; Graebner and subspecies southern Mexico 'and Guatema.la. ?lW('1'0NII'lH(. proris) Arcangeli. Of these two, Se.Jected ~fexican specimens (>xamined. {'ol'data is more fl'eqll('ntly found in the United CmAPAS: Grassy slop~ with Qllel'{,W;, elev. ~ta,t{'s than nW(,I'o{'arpa. Although some of the 1.860 Ill, Ton 14,97 (MICH. FS). l\fEXICO : Guatemalan specimens are labeled r. ((.ngu.~tifoli(l, Comunidad Temascaltepe~, ('leY. 2.600 m. Hinton Linnaeus, now subsp('eies nigra (Linnaeus) Ehr 2456 (MEXr, rS). )fICHOACAX: Cultivated, hart, apparently none is labeled eorrectly accord l.1!agaria 50 CMEXC). ing to flower length or legume ('olor and shape. Selected Guatemalan specimens examined. Of the flY(' other sU\)!1p('cies, nigra is the most CHBL\.LTEXAXGO: ,Yeed in garden, ell'\'. lih.)Y to be found in ~fexico and Central America 1.830 m, Rtan 1. At least some leallets toothed or incised______- ______suh:'I). jllriS/I 1. All leaflets entire, or ut most crenute·d('ntute ut up£:x. 2. Plant with underground stems bearing nIlt'talous floWl'rs und white, 1- to 2 seeded legumes ______- subs/>. (lJllphicllrp" 2. Plant without underground stems. 3. Corolla (8)-10-18 1111l1: cal~'x teeth shorter thun tuue: legume blnck or very clark bro1l'1l ______------______suhsp, nif/rn 3. Corolla 18-30 mm: ('Illyx teeth us long us or longer thun tube; It'gullle yellow brown to dark browll, rarelr almost hlack. 4. Legume 4.5-6 /lim wide ______i F 'Il-~ O H ~- A FIGUIIE 13.-Fici/t s(L/iva. subsp. lIi{f/'1l drnwn from gre('nhollsp-gTowll plants: Lt, Hahit (X O.ii) ; 11, stipuh' with IlPctary patch (X 3) ; (t, Ipatletll (X 2) ; n, fiow('rs (X 2) ; /1. alldropciai shenth and stylp (X ·n ; P, st~'llIr hair patten! (X 8) ; G, JIIature legumes (X 1) ; II, 2 mottled and 2 hla('k seeds (X -l). 32 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1601, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE "C"nitecl States and may be of ntlue in "Mexico anel bl'id of Lrns (,lllinaris and Y. sativa. This claim is (\mtral America. not aecepted by most taxonomists. ThC' different snbsp('cies of F . .c;ath'G hybridize. In soutlwrn }[(lxico and Guatemala. r. satira is and C1'08&,'S madC' between r. 8(dh'a and r. known 'as alberja and ~ro\Yn as a seed, foragC'. or ((,ngl(.~tifolia al'(\' often cit('(l as one of the few ex ~rC'C'Jl mlUllll'C (TOP, Se('cl::; are planted on dry, weU ampleR of ri('ia speciN> hybrielizlttion. ThC're is a dmiJ1('d soil mul do bel-'t in full sunlight. Tile'Y arC' rema,rkable claim by ~rol'itz and yom Berg (198l) oftC'll plnntC'd in old grainfiC'lcls or with oat~ (El that r. legan!!; Rapaico &, Lengyd al'ORl' as a hy .\"grkuJto[· MexicaJ1O. m(8). 12. Vida faba Linnaeus (subgenus Vicia, section Faba) Horse-Bean, Faba (Fig. H. ~{ap 5) l'if'ia, 1111)(1, Linllltl'Il>'. ~l). PI. 1 : 737. 1753. PI/1m l'/ll!,((ri.~ hail'::; on a(1axial surfa('c. Onu'Y pubel'ulons. :\Io(,llrh, )Ipth. 150. lill.J. r. ("~cJllcnln Rnlish\lr)'. L('{!U111e 30-:WO by 10-:30 11111l, clark brown to black. Prod. Rti fl). Hort. ('llnp<,\ AIll'rtolt 330. 1700. glabrous. rrtieulat('. oblong. tC'\'('\e to partially OrollllR laoa. I Linnlll'lls) Brotero, FL LusH. :2; 147. flattel1Nl (pInillp anel huIlt1ng on'r s('ecls). lHOoI. \'. I'l(T{I(//'i.~ H. F. Grny. Xnt. Arr. Hr. 1'1. :l: 617. 1H21. r. ('quina· Hteud\'l. XOIll. I'll. 1: RRl. lH:ll nnd obliqurly IU'l1l1linat(' at hoth rJ1 FIGrRE l4.-Firia. ja.ba. I,. drawn from grp('uhoIHw-growu plant:;: A., Hnhit (X 0.5) : B. fltipule with u('rtllry pu teh (X ~) i (', flowers (X 2) i n. HlldroecinI sla'ath aud style (X -tJ ; B. stylnr hair jlutt(>rIl r X HJ ; P, dying plant with lIlature legumes (X 0.5) ; 0, seed in l(>gullIe (X 0.6). 34 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1601, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE Sold in market for food. elev. 2.aoo m. Standley st'paratt'd. FruiHnp: plants may bt' separated. 86565,86560 (F). thoup:h not with the. ('ase· that seeds ran. Between Linnael1s (17.95) recognized the Tonrn('fol'f. th('se two I:'xtrl:'mN; arl:'· many phenotnX's that haye genus Faba in his first r('ferenC'e to this species. been s('l('dN1 by man and perp('tuated by self How('wr, the. binomial Vir/a faorr. was 11sec1 by pollination. Many of tlH'm were named by Alcfeld Linna('us (17/j,,]. p. 7.17). lm Vida [lccillnell/(t/a. P('yritsch, Linn. 30: 80. 185U-60. 'l'ex., and ""ewoka, Okla., (both localities between TYPE: ~IEXICO: IIOLOTYPE: ]{elle~' 374. ~rexico UW and 07° longitude). l~\'('n if r. I'('vel'r"ollii is COIl (location ullknown). Peyritsch has descrihed a ricia sidered un element of the more widesprea,1 species, V. or "etchlike plant. His d('scription is too g'Plleral to he minl/ti/lora Dietrich, the taxon should remain ex useful. clude LITERATURE CITED ALEFELD, F. GUINEA, E. 1866. LAXDWIRTHSCIIAFTLICHE FLORA. 363 pp. 1953. ESTunro BOTANICO DE LAS "EZAS Y AR~EJAS Wiegandt and Hempel, Berlin. ESP"\X<)LAS. 22i pp. 'l'ypographia ~<\.rtistica, ASCHERSOX, P., amI GRAEBNER, P. Madrid. 190U. SYXOPSIS nER J,fITTELEUROPAICHEN FLORA. V. GUNN, C. R. 6 {2}, 1,255 pp. Engelmann, Leipzig. 1968. THE ,'I(,IA AJ,lEltICANA CO~IPLEX (LEGCMINOSAE). BALL, P. W. Iowa Htate Jour. Sci. 42: li1-214. 1968. VICIA. In Tutin, T. G., et aI., Flora Europaea, ". 2, pp. 12!J-136. Cambridge Uni\'. Press, lU69. GEXERA, TYPES, AXil LE(,TOTYP~;S IX THE TRIBE Cambridge, England. ,'I('IEAE (LEGC~llXOSM;). Taxon 18: 725-i33. BARULINA, H. I, 1930. LENTILS OF THE U.S.S.R. "\Nn OF OTHER COUX 1971. SEEDS OF XATI\'E .\XIl XATL'RALIZED VETCHES OF TRIES. Bul. Appl. Bot.. Genet. an(l Plant NORTU AMERICA. F.S. Dept. Agr. Agr. Handb. Breeding Sup. 40, pp. 1-30i. 392,42 pp. BELL, E. A. ---and KLUYE, .T. 1966. A~UXO ACIDS Axn RELATED COMPOUNDS. In 19i6. AXDROEcn-J,r. AND PISTH, (,HARACTERS FOR TRIBE Swain, 'I'., Comparative Phytochemistry, YI(,IEAE CFAlJACEAEJ. Taxon 25: 663-6i5. chap. 12. Academic Press, New York. HANELT, P. ---and TIRIMANNA, A. S. L. 19i2. DIE INTRASPEXIFIS(,HE V.... RIABtLITAT "AN ''lCIA 196.,). ASSOCIATIOXS OF AMINO ACIDS AND RELATED FABA L. UND lURE GLIEDERUNG. Kulturpfianze COMPOUNDS IN TIlE SEEDS OF FORTY,SEVEN 22: i5-128. SPECIES O~· VICIA: THEIR TAXO::olOMY AXD ::oIUTRI TIONAL SIGNIFICANCE. Biochem. .Tour. Oi: IL\llDrx, .T. 'Y., and AREXA, J. ~I. 104-111. 1074. I1{'~rAX I'O[SOXING FROM NATIn; Axn crI.TI· BERLIN, B., BREEnLovE, D. E., and RAVEN, P. H. "ATEIl PLAXTS. 194 IIp. Ihlk(' rniY. Press. 19i4. PRINCIPLES OF TZELTAL PLANT ('LASSIFIC.... TIOX. Durham, X.f'. 660 pp. Academic Press, Xew York. HERMAN X, F ••J. BURKART, A. 1000. n::T(,lI~;s O~' TIU; l'.S.-XATI\·E. XATl'RALIZED, 1966. NOTAS sonRE LAS ESPE(,IES ARGEXTINAS DE VIClA ANIl cn.TJ\·ATED. 1'.8. Dept. Agr. Agr. Handb. (LEGUMINOSAE) DEL Am;A MESOPOTAMIN(,O· 168,84 pp. PAMPEANA. Darwiniana 14: 161-1U4. HITCHCOCK, C. L. EI, AGRICULTOR MEXICANO. 1952. A REVISIOX OF THE NORTH A~rERICAN SPECIES 1908. ALBERJA. Agr. 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