~ 12.8 ~112.5 I:.i 12.8 111112.5 1.0 W IIiii§ ~ 1.0 W ~ = ~ I~ I 22 w I~ III w . Iii ~ ~ ~ I~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ...&:.I I~ ... ~ ... ~ 1.1 &.oL.:, .. 1.1 .......... -- - 111111.25 1111,1.4 11111 1.6 111111.25 111111.4 111111.6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU or STANDARDS-1963-A NATIONAL BUREAU Of STANDARDS-196-'A GENUS VICIA WITH NOTES ABOUT TRIBE VICIEAE (FABACEAE) IN MEXICO ANl) CENTRAL AMERICA by CHARLES R. GUNN ~ UNITED STATES nCHNICAL PREPARED BY <W-,») DEPARTMENT OF BULLETIN SCIENCE AND "'~ AGRICULTURE NUMBfR 1601 EDUCATION ADMINISTRATION For sala by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing omeu Washington, D.C. 2()'102 lltock Xumber OOl-OOO-().I()3.H GENUS VICIA WITH NOTES ABOUT TRIBE VICIEAE (FABACEAE) IN MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA By Charles R. G!ll1n 1 Vicia species (vetches) are economically im­ Ca.ndolle. This bull.etin on Mexican and Central portant temperate zone crops used for forage, hay, American taxa in the genus V1Cia expands and green manure, seeds, and soil impro\'ement. These species and such eSS€ntial human see.d-food crops partially updates Agriculture Handbook 168, as Lens c-Ulinari.s Medikus and Pi8'um sati'V1Uln which treats the vetches of the United States Linnaeus are in the tribe Vicieae (Adanson) de (Hermann, 1960).2 TRIBE VICIEAE The relationship of the genns Vida to the. three lary filament free to rather connate with others other genera (LathY1'U8, Lens, and Pis1bm)3 in the into an adaxially split sheath. filament apices tribe Yicieae has been discussed (Hutchinson, linear, anthers tmiform and Ye.rsatil(', st.yle hairy 1964; Gunn, 1969,' Gunn and Kluve, 19'76; to glabrous, o"111es 2 or more, legumes 2-valved, Kupicha, 19'75 .. Radzhi, 19(1). (Heer has been re­ seeds oftm spherical to subspherical to lenticular moved from the Vieieae and p]aeed in its own tribe with funiculus expanded above hilum. germina­ Cicl.'reae (Kupicha~ 19'77). Hutchinson also has tion usually hypog6al. most seedlings triareh. first ade<1uately described all five genera. leaves cataphylls (trifid scales), n=7, 6,5. Type Vicieae isa natural tribe. Its taxa usually ex­ genus Vicia. hibit these charaet.ers: Low 01' climbing (not The, gene.ric key is cl('signed to quickly inform twining) herbs, stipules usually well developed, the user as to whether an unknown is a, Vicia leaves often paripinnate (rarely imparipinnate or species or a memiJ('l' of another genus of the tribe. reduced to phyllodes in Lathyrlls species) with A k('.y to th(', ridn species is included with the rachis terminating in a tendril or bristle, stipels genus discussion. The genera are pl'('se.ntecl alpha­ absent, flowers racemose or solitary in leafaxils. bt'tically, and 10 riri.a speci('s arc given according corona papilionaceous, standard usually glabrous to the phylogeny of Kupicha (19'76). or rarely pubescent (fT. anatoliea TurrilL r. Measul'em('nts with one number wit.hout a range hybrida Linnaeus, V. pannonica Crantz). vexil­ should be considered as :werages. KEY TO VICIEAE GENERA 1. Aba:l:ial surface of style pubescent Or hairs encircling style or style glabrous (fig. 1) -------------------__________________________________________________ Vicia 1. Adaxial surface of style pubescent. 2. Stipules as large as or largN than leaflets; stylE' groo,-ed (easilr seen at base ot style) _________________________________________________________________ Pisunt 2. Sti~.1les much smaller than leaflets; style not g\'ooved. 3. Flowers less than 10 mm long; androeclal shE'ath apex oblique ______________ Len8 3, Flowers more than 10 Illlll long (for North .American species) ; androecial sheath apex truncate (for 4Iexican spE'Cies) ____________________________ Lathl'rt!.~ 1 Botanist. Plant Taxonomy Laboratory, BeltSVille Agri­ ture Cited, p.35. cultural Research Center, .Beltsvllle. Md. 20700. • Kllpicha (J.>('rl!. commun.) rl'<!ognizl'S a fourth genus, • The year In itallc aiter authors' names refers to Lltern- Favllovia, A. Fedoro,.. 1 2 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1601, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE LATHYRUS LINNAEUS Lathyrrts Linnaeus, Sp. PI.: 729. 1753 et Gen. PI. ed. 5: tingitamt8 Linnaeus (including L. rnemicanus 326. 1754. LECTOTYPE: L. sylvestris Linnaeus Schlechtendal) (Mexico). (virle Britton et Bro\'/U, Ill. :b~I. X. 1'.S. and Can. ed. 2, Two species, L. longipe8 1lnd L. l}a1'vifolius, are 2: 412. 1913). About 150 >;pecies. endemic only to Mexico. Their status is open to question because they are morphologically similar The most recent. North American LathY1'1l8 to each other and to L. arizonic11,~ Britton, L. monogmph has Mexican distribution mrlps for six gmm.inijolius, and L. pauC'ijlo1'U8 Femald. The native species (Hitchcock. JtJ52). Two cultivated type, of L. longil}c8 is not signjfjeantly different and now naturalized sp('cies. named by Linnaeus. from many collections of L. l}aI'1'ifoliu8, according also have been collected in Mexico. TIl(' following to I-litchco~k. However. other colledions are suf­ speci('s occur in :;\Ie.xico and all except ,L. odomtu8 ficiently eli fferent to merit specific recognition. LathyrtM lO'llgipcs and L. pal'vijoliu8 may be, sep­ are illustrated in Hitchcock: L. eU('08'11W.~ Butters arated from L. paucifiorus by their range and such & St. .Tohn (Sonora). L. grarninifoli1l8 (S. ",Vat­ minor characters llS leaflet and flower length, num­ son) W11ite (Sonora and Chihuahua), L. laeti­ ber of flowpr;:; pet· raceme, and length of calyx flO'l"ll,s Gre('nl' snbsp. alefeldii O:V'hHe) .Jepson tepth. (northern Baja California). L. lOl1gip('s White LathYl'1l8 is not native to Cent.ral .America, and (Chihuahua and Nuevo LeOn) 1 L. od oratus no nati\'p ;'Iexican sppcies have been eolleded Linnaeus (Michoacan. Pnebla, and Chiapas) 1 ,L. south of tlw northern Oaxaca border. I have. seen pa.rz·ifolitt8 S. 'Watson (from Sinaloa west to no hed.Jal'iurn sheets of lHLtnralized or introduced Tamaulipas and south to Oaxaca), L. sple'IUlens L(1thYI'1l8 species from Central America. There are Kellogg (northern Baja California) , and L. l'ndemir Latltyru,~ species in South America. LENS P. MILLER Lens P. :'IIiIler, Gard. ])jet. Abridg. I'd. 4. 1754, nom. cons. Ame)'ir.u. this species is cultiYatPfl in both re.gions. (non Lens Linnaells, Herb. Amhoin, 18. 1754 et in ",YN,t.phal (1.974. 7)JJ. 10.")-114. fig. 10) pl'(~'5Cnts a Amoen. Acad. 4: J2H et 134. 1759, nOJII. invalilZ., at­ luci(l discussion and an excellent illustration of tributed in Kew Index to Stickman]. LECTO­ r,. eulinari8. Its £low('l's an' self-pol1inating and the TYPE: 1/. Clllhwri,~ ~Iediklls, Vorles. Churpf. Phy>;. Ges. 2: 361. 1787 (Er-vlI1n lcn,~ Linnaeus, Sp. PI.: plan.ts produc(' many seeds. Like other self-pol­ 738. 1753) . li'jy£, speci es, ]inating s('('(1 crops. this specie..'l has many races based on sred, poel. ,mel plant chal'aetersas well Although I have not seen an herbariul1l sheet of ali w·ography. For rxample, Barulina. (]{)30) rec­ L. culina1'is (lentil) from either Mexico or Central ognized 5R Yllrieties. now l'C'gal'c1eel as races. PISUM LINNAEUS PlS10l/o Linnae\ls, Hp. PI.: 727. 1753 et. Gen. PI. ed. fi: na.e.ns (chickpelL). whieh is now in t.he monogC'neric 324. 1754. LE("l'O'l~YPE: [', ,~a.ti1'/(.m. LillllaeuR tribe Cicl'1'('ae, and LC1M cIl7ina1'i8, it is a se1f­ (-pille Alefeld in BOllpllUlIlin tl: 12(1. lR61). Fi"c pollinating sC'ed crop. Its seC'd clmracters have been species. 11$('<1 to ('l'('ct lower taxll. 01l1tivn1' names are more wid('ly llsed in this species than in the otll(>r two Piswn sativ'll'1l1, (pea) is ('ultivatrd in :Mexieo spt'(·i(':;. Exc('ll('nt. must.rations of P. 8oth'wn 0,1'(', and Central America. Like Oicer a1'ieti7l!ll7n Lin­ in ",Y<.>.stphal (1.974, jig8. gO-~f3). GENUS VICIA WITH NOTES ABOUT TRIBE VICIEAE 3 VICIA LINNAEUS Ficia Linnaeul;, Sp. PI.: 734. 1753 et Gen. PI. ed. 5: 327. boldt, Bonpland, Kunth of South America appear 1754. LEC''l'OTYPE: Y. satim Linnaeus (virle Brit­ to be closely related. ton and Brown, Ill. FI. N. U.S. an<!C'an. ed. 2, 2: 408. 1913). .<\'bout 150 species. A recentIv d('"eloped combination of tested morphologic;l characters is nsed to establish Vida species are primarily distributed in the species parameters. Thes(' characters include north temperate zone and are also fonnd in styla.r hair patterns. extel'l1al seed topography, Hawaii. Canary Islands, and central Africa (map fl~wer topography and placement on and number 1). The only lar@:e concentration in the south tem­ 1)('1' racpme. presence of nectary pit.s on stipules. per'at(' zone is in South America, The intrusion presence of fibrous ('.ross ribs (between seeds) on into tropical areas is primarily based on the inner "alve surfaces of le@:llJ11es, and life, forms. I ameJioration of temp('ratlll'e by ('l('vation. Moun­ used these characters in a. gpneral survey of U.S. t.ain chains are an important. factor in the distribu­ Vicia. species, and I was abl~ to identify native and tion of these species in Mexico, Guat('mala, north­ naturalized North American Vidrt to species by ern South America, Hawaii, southe.rn China, their seeds alone (Gunn• .1t)68, 1.971). Some of northern India, and central Africa. In tllPse areas, these characters w('re used by Lassetter (197fJ) in nativa Ficia species are· fOlmd at hi@:her elevations, a revision of the soutlnY('stern U.S. Vida species, 2.100-3,050 meters, than in temperat.e. zones. the Y. e,'dgwf-1M/'('IHOO;·thii-11Ido1liciana complex.