China's Southern Theater Command
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Comparative Connections a Triannual E-Journal on East Asian Bilateral Relations
Comparative Connections A Triannual E-Journal on East Asian Bilateral Relations China-Russia Relations: Navigating through the Ukraine Storm Yu Bin Wittenberg University Against the backdrop of escalating violence in Ukraine, Sino-Russian relations were on the fast track over the past four months in three broad areas: strategic coordination, economics, and mil- mil relations. This was particularly evident during President Putin’s state visit to China in late May when the two countries inked a 30-year, $400 billion gas deal after 20 years of hard negotiation. Meanwhile, the two navies were drilling off the East China Sea coast and the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA) was being held in Shanghai. Beyond this, Moscow and Beijing were instrumental in pushing the creation of the $50 billion BRICS development bank and a $100 billion reserve fund after years of frustrated waiting for a bigger voice for the developing world in the IMF and World Bank. Putin in Shanghai for state visit and more President Vladimir Putin traveled to Shanghai on May 20-21 to meet Chinese counterpart Xi Jinping. This was the seventh time they have met since March 2013 when Xi assumed the presidency in China. The trip was made against a backdrop of a deepening crisis in Ukraine: 42 pro-Russian activists were killed in the Odessa fire on May 2 and pro-Russian separatists in Donetsk and Luhansk declared independence on May 11. Four days after Putin’s China trip, the Ukrainian Army unveiled its “anti-terrorist operations,” and on July 17 Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17 was downed. -
2019 China Military Power Report
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2019 Office of the Secretary of Defense Preparation of this report cost the Department of Defense a total of approximately $181,000 in Fiscal Years 2018-2019. This includes $12,000 in expenses and $169,000 in DoD labor. Generated on 2019May02 RefID: E-1F4B924 OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2019 A Report to Congress Pursuant to the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000, as Amended Section 1260, “Annual Report on Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China,” of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019, Public Law 115-232, which amends the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000, Section 1202, Public Law 106-65, provides that the Secretary of Defense shall submit a report “in both classified and unclassified form, on military and security developments involving the People’s Republic of China. The report shall address the current and probable future course of military-technological development of the People’s Liberation Army and the tenets and probable development of Chinese security strategy and military strategy, and of the military organizations and operational concepts supporting such development over the next 20 years. -
The Creation of the PLA Strategic Support Force and Its Implications for Chinese Military Space Operations
C O R P O R A T I O N The Creation of the PLA Strategic Support Force and Its Implications for Chinese Military Space Operations Kevin L. Pollpeter, Michael S. Chase, Eric Heginbotham For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR2058 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-0-8330-9872-6 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2017 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface This report is based on RAND Project AIR FORCE Strategy and Doctrine Program research that was presented at the second China Aerospace Studies Institute conference, sponsored by Headquarters, U.S. -
The Improvement of the PLA's Close Air Support Capability
The Improvement of the PLA’s Close Air Support Capability Derek Solen Introduction In August 2020 the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) indicated that some of its units had made technological and procedural advancements in its capability to provide close air support (CAS). The PLA has been working to develop the systems and procedures to conduct CAS safely and effectively for more than a decade. While these and other recent developments may indicate that the PLA has finally built the foundation of a complex of systems and procedures for safe and effective CAS, the PLA’s capability to conduct CAS is far from mature. The capability to provide CAS is indispensable for the PLA. CAS is one of two types of operations that the U.S. Air Force calls “counterland” operations, operations against an enemy’s land forces.1 CASi is defined as actions by aircraft, both fixed- and rotary-wing, against enemy land forces that are in close proximity to, and may have already engaged, friendly forces.2 The other type of counterland operation is air interdiction, which is an operation to “divert, disrupt, delay, or destroy” units of an enemy’s land forces before they engage friendly forces. 3 The primary distinction between these two types of operations is the proximity to friendly forces in which they are conducted. CAS is important for what the U.S. military calls “forcible entry” operations, operations to seize and hold lodgments, such as a beachhead or an airfield, through which additional troops and materiel can be transported to the battlefield.4 Forcible entry operations are generally conducted by highly mobile forces, such as amphibious and airborne forces, that cannot transport weapons like artillery and tanks. -
Media Roundup Issue 31 (29/07/17 – 04/08/17)
Media Roundup Issue 31 (29/07/17 – 04/08/17) 1. ALP takes 'illegal' tobacco donations from big Chinese cigarette importer 30/07/2017 Nick McKenzie, Richard Baker, James Massola The Age A director of a tobacco company that is suspected of smuggling cigarettes has donated $400,000 to the Labor Party, possibly breaching NSW law and the ALP's own ban on taking tobacco industry funds. Peter Chen, the sole Australian director of Sydney tobacco company ATA International, donated to the NSW and federal Labor parties via another of his companies, Wei Wah, which retails the cheap Chinese brand cigarettes ATA imports. The revelations come as Labor's Senator Sam Dastyari, who oversaw one of Mr Chen's donations, has called for a ban on donations. "I was one of the weapon suppliers in this [donations] arms race and responsible for fundraising … I'm telling you it needs to come to an end, and the time for that is now," Mr Dastyari told the ABC's Australian Story in an episode to be screened on Monday night. Read more: http://www.theage.com.au/national/investigations/alp-takes-illegal-tobacco-donation s-from-big-chinese-cigarette-importer-20170729-gxlcw1.html 2. China's Xi Jinping tells People's Liberation Army to transform into elite force during military parade 31/07/2017 Reuters ABC President Xi Jinping has told the Chinese military to transform itself into an elite force, as he oversaw a parade with flybys of advanced jets and a mass rally of troops to mark 90 years since the founding of the People's Liberation Army (PLA). -
The People's Liberation Army's 37 Academic Institutions the People's
The People’s Liberation Army’s 37 Academic Institutions Kenneth Allen • Mingzhi Chen Printed in the United States of America by the China Aerospace Studies Institute ISBN: 9798635621417 To request additional copies, please direct inquiries to Director, China Aerospace Studies Institute, Air University, 55 Lemay Plaza, Montgomery, AL 36112 Design by Heisey-Grove Design All photos licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license, or under the Fair Use Doctrine under Section 107 of the Copyright Act for nonprofit educational and noncommercial use. All other graphics created by or for China Aerospace Studies Institute E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.airuniversity.af.mil/CASI Twitter: https://twitter.com/CASI_Research | @CASI_Research Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CASI.Research.Org LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/11049011 Disclaimer The views expressed in this academic research paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Government or the Department of Defense. In accordance with Air Force Instruction 51-303, Intellectual Property, Patents, Patent Related Matters, Trademarks and Copyrights; this work is the property of the U.S. Government. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights Reproduction and printing is subject to the Copyright Act of 1976 and applicable treaties of the United States. This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This publication is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal, academic, or governmental use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete however, it is requested that reproductions credit the author and China Aerospace Studies Institute (CASI). -
US-China Strategic Competition in South and East China Seas
U.S.-China Strategic Competition in South and East China Seas: Background and Issues for Congress Updated September 8, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42784 U.S.-China Strategic Competition in South and East China Seas Summary Over the past several years, the South China Sea (SCS) has emerged as an arena of U.S.-China strategic competition. China’s actions in the SCS—including extensive island-building and base- construction activities at sites that it occupies in the Spratly Islands, as well as actions by its maritime forces to assert China’s claims against competing claims by regional neighbors such as the Philippines and Vietnam—have heightened concerns among U.S. observers that China is gaining effective control of the SCS, an area of strategic, political, and economic importance to the United States and its allies and partners. Actions by China’s maritime forces at the Japan- administered Senkaku Islands in the East China Sea (ECS) are another concern for U.S. observers. Chinese domination of China’s near-seas region—meaning the SCS and ECS, along with the Yellow Sea—could substantially affect U.S. strategic, political, and economic interests in the Indo-Pacific region and elsewhere. Potential general U.S. goals for U.S.-China strategic competition in the SCS and ECS include but are not necessarily limited to the following: fulfilling U.S. security commitments in the Western Pacific, including treaty commitments to Japan and the Philippines; maintaining and enhancing the U.S.-led security architecture in the Western Pacific, including U.S. -
Beyond Borders: PLA Command and Control of Overseas Operations
July 2020 STRATEGIC FORUM National Defense University About the Author Dr. Phillip C. Saunders is Director of the Beyond Borders: PLA Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs, Institute for National Strategic Command and Control of Studies, at the National Defense University. Overseas Operations Key Points By Phillip C. Saunders ◆ Expanded Chinese economic inter- ests and the higher priority given to maritime interests are driving hina’s latest round of military reforms is driven primarily by Xi Jin- People’s Liberation Army (PLA) ef- ping’s ambition to reshape the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) to forts to develop power projection 信息化 capabilities. improve its ability to win informationized [xinxihua, ] wars ◆ The reorganization of the Chinese and to ensure that it remains loyal to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). military in late 2015 explicitly C The reforms are unprecedented in their ambition and in the scale and scope sought to give the Central Mili- of the organizational changes. Virtually every part of the PLA now reports to tary Commission (CMC) and the theater commands responsibility different leaders, has had its mission and responsibilities changed, has lost or for conducting operations and gained subordinate units, or has undergone a major internal reorganization. The to relegate the services to force- building. However, the services relationships between and among the Central Military Commission (CMC) are trying to maintain operational departments, offices, and commissions, the services, and the theater commands responsibilities, including for over- 1 seas operations. (TCs) have all changed. The reforms established new joint command and con- ◆ The precise division of responsi- trol mechanisms and thus have important implications for how the PLA con- bilities and coordination mecha- ducts operations within and beyond China’s borders. -
U.S.-China Military Contacts: Issues for Congress
U.S.-China Military Contacts: Issues for Congress Shirley A. Kan Specialist in Asian Security Affairs October 27, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL32496 U.S.-China Military Contacts: Issues for Congress Summary This CRS Report, updated through the 113th Congress, discusses policy issues regarding military- to-military (mil-to-mil) contacts with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and records major contacts and crises since 1993. The United States suspended military contacts with China and imposed sanctions on arms sales in response to the Tiananmen Crackdown in 1989. In 1993, President Clinton reengaged with the top PRC leadership, including China’s military, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA). Renewed military exchanges with the PLA have not regained the closeness reached in the 1980s, when U.S.-PRC strategic alignment against the Soviet Union included U.S. arms sales to China. Improvements and deteriorations in overall bilateral engagement have affected military contacts, which were close in 1997-1998 and 2000, but marred by the 1995-1996 Taiwan Strait crisis, mistaken NATO bombing of a PRC embassy in 1999, the EP-3 aircraft collision crisis in 2001, and the PLA’s aggressive maritime and air confrontations. Issues for Congress include whether the Administration complies with legislation overseeing dealings with the PLA and pursues contacts with the PLA that advance a prioritized set of U.S. security interests, especially the operational safety of U.S. military personnel. Oversight legislation includes the Foreign Relations Authorization Act for FY1990-FY1991 (P.L. 101-246) and National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for FY2000 (P.L. -
Comparative Connections
Pacific Forum CSIS Comparative Connections A Triannual E-Journal on East Asian Bilateral Relations edited by Carl Baker Brad Glosserman May – August 2014 Vol. 16, No.2 September 2014 http://csis.org/program/comparative-connections Pacific Forum CSIS Based in Honolulu, Hawaii, the Pacific Forum CSIS operates as the autonomous Asia- Pacific arm of the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C. Founded in 1975, the thrust of the Forum’s work is to help develop cooperative policies in the Asia- Pacific region through debate and analyses undertaken with the region’s leaders in the academic, government, and corporate arenas. The Forum’s programs encompass current and emerging political, security, economic/business, and oceans policy issues. It collaborates with a network of more than 30 research institutes around the Pacific Rim, drawing on Asian perspectives and disseminating its projects’ findings and recommendations to opinion leaders, governments, and publics throughout the region. An international Board of Governors guides the Pacific Forum’s work. The Forum is funded by grants from foundations, corporations, individuals, and governments, the latter providing a small percentage of the forum’s annual budget. The Forum’s studies are objective and nonpartisan and it does not engage in classified or proprietary work. Comparative Connections A Triannual E-Journal on East Asian Bilateral Relations Edited by Carl Baker and Brad Glosserman Volume 16, Number 2 May – August 2014 Honolulu, Hawaii September 2014 Comparative Connections A Triannual Electronic Journal on East Asian Bilateral Relations Bilateral relationships in East Asia have long been important to regional peace and stability, but in the post-Cold War environment, these relationships have taken on a new strategic rationale as countries pursue multiple ties, beyond those with the US, to realize complex political, economic, and security interests. -
China COI Compilation-March 2014
China COI Compilation March 2014 ACCORD is co-funded by the European Refugee Fund, UNHCR and the Ministry of the Interior, Austria. Commissioned by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Division of International Protection. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the author. ACCORD - Austrian Centre for Country of Origin & Asylum Research and Documentation China COI Compilation March 2014 This COI compilation does not cover the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau, nor does it cover Taiwan. The decision to exclude Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan was made on the basis of practical considerations; no inferences should be drawn from this decision regarding the status of Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan. This report serves the specific purpose of collating legally relevant information on conditions in countries of origin pertinent to the assessment of claims for asylum. It is not intended to be a general report on human rights conditions. The report is prepared on the basis of publicly available information, studies and commentaries within a specified time frame. All sources are cited and fully referenced. This report is not, and does not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed, or conclusive as to the merits of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Every effort has been made to compile information from reliable sources; users should refer to the full text of documents cited and assess the credibility, relevance and timeliness of source material with reference to the specific research concerns arising from individual applications. -
D E F E N C E P R I M
DEFENCE PRIMER An Indian Military in Transformation? EDITORS PUSHAN DAS & HARSH V. PANT DEFENCE PRIMER An Indian Military in Transformation? EDITED BY PUSHAN DAS & HARSH V. PANT © 2018 BY OBSERVER RESEARCH FOUNDATION ISBN: 978-81-86818-21-3 Copy editing: Udita Chaturvedi Designed by: Simijaisondesigns Printed by: Vinset Advertising CONTENTS CHINA’s MilitARY RISE AND THE INDIAN CHALLENGE 4 Harsh V. Pant & Pushan Das The Chinese People’s Liberation Army in Transition: Implications for 16 Indian Defence Richard A. Bitzinger Achieving India’s Military Goals in an Era of Transition 26 Lt. Gen. S L Narasimhan (Retd.) Closing the Gap: A Doctrinal & Capability Appraisal of the IAF & 35 the PLAAF AVM Arjun Subramaniam (Retd.) Indian Vasuki vs Chinese Dragon: Towards a Future-Ready 44 Indian Seapower RADM Sudarshan Shrikhande (Retd.) Indian Military in Transformation - Combat Potential and Military 55 Capabilities Vis – a – Vis China Brig. Arun Sahgal (Retd.) Managing Comprehensive Competition with China: Insights from 72 Multi-Domain Battle Arzan Tarapore Virtual Domains and Real Threats: Chinese Military Capacities in 83 New Frontiers of Warfare Elsa B. Kania Nuclear Weapons and Sino-Indian Security Relations 92 S. Paul Kapur and Diana Wueger 6 INDIAN MILITARY IN TRANSFORMATION COmbAT POTENTIAL AND MILITARY CAPABilities Vis – a – Vis China BRIG. ARUN SAHGAL (RETD.) discernible bellicosity in the looks upon as a containment strategy to restrain Chinese attitude towards India her rise. Resultantly, China has hardened its has resulted in increased tensions stand against India on almost all bilateral and and aggravated boundary disputes. multilateral issues, severely constraining areas ASince 2015, there have been three major of convergence in bilateral relations.