Original language: French SC73 Doc. 24.2
CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ______
Seventy-third meeting of the Standing Committee Online, 5-7 May 2021
Species specific matters
Tortoises and freshwater turtles (Testudines spp.)
IMPLEMENTATION OF RESOLUTION CONF. 11.9 (REV. COP18) ON CONSERVATION OF AND TRADE IN TORTOISES AND FRESHWATER TURTLES IN MADAGASCAR: REPORT OF MADAGASCAR
1. This document has been submitted by Madagascar.*
2. Nine species of tortoises and freshwater turtles currently occur in Madagascar, of which five are endemic. Among the five species of endemic turtles:
– One is aquatic – the Madagascar big-headed turtle, Erymnochelys madagascariensis (locally known as Rere).
– The other four are terrestrial, including:
- The radiated tortoise, Astrochelys radiata (locally known as Sokake) and the spider tortoise, Pyxis arachnoides (known as Kapila or Tsakafy), which are only found in the ecoregion of southern and southwestern Madagascar. They both live in sympatry in most of their ranges.
- The flat-backed spider tortoise, Pyxis planicauda (known as Kapidolo), is a small tortoise. It can only be found in western Madagascar, specifically in Menabe Region.
- The largest tortoise is the Madagascar angulated tortoise, Astrochelys yniphora (known as Angonoky) and is found in the northwest of the island. However, it has the smallest range of all these species. It is only found in Baie de Baly National Park in Soalala District, Boeny Region, and is considered to be one of the 25 most endangered turtle species in the world.
The five endemic turtle species are classified as protected species under national legislation. They are also classified as Critically Endangered – the last stage before extinction – according to the categories and criteria of the IUCN Red List. Their trade is officially banned, with the exception of the Madagascar big-headed turtle, which is subject to harvest quotas.
3. In 2011, Madagascar developed a Global Action Plan (GAP) for the conservation of endemic turtles of Madagascar. The GAP is based on three management principles adopted during a workshop held in
* The geographical designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CITES Secretariat (or the United Nations Environment Programme) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The responsibility for the contents of the document rests exclusively with its author.
SC73 Doc. 24.2 – p. 1 Mahajanga in order to provide better strategic guidance for the development, implementation, monitoring and assessment of the GAP.
The three principles are the following:
– Principle 1: Turtles should no longer leave their natural habitats
– Principle 1: Turtles held in captivity should contribute to the survival of the species
– Principle 3: Releases of turtles into the wild should be done in accordance with the regulations in place
4. Madagascar attended the meeting of the task force on turtles held in Singapore in 2019. In the face of the surge in illegal trade of turtles, the CITES Secretariat was requested to help. Discussions began with the CITES Secretariat and INTERPOL to deploy a Wildlife Incident Support Team (WIST) in Madagascar, in support of the implementation of the Decision. Arrangements were put in place to deploy the WIST in April 2018 but, at the request of the Madagascar’s INTERPOL National Central Bureau (NCB), the entry point for all INTERPOL activities in Madagascar, the deployment was delayed (CoP18. Doc. 88, Report by the CITES Standing Committee and the Secretariat, 2019).
5. At CoP18, Madagascar drew attention to the difficulties met in the fight against fraud and illegal harvesting, highlighting the role of demand as a major driver of illegal trade.
A new Decision on Tortoises and freshwater turtles (Testudines spp.) 18.286 – 18.291 was adopted by the Conference of the Parties at CoP18. Following Decision 18.286, Madagascar should:
a) review its implementation of Resolution Conf. 11.9 (Rev. CoP18) on Conservation of and trade in tortoises and freshwater turtles; and
b) report to the 73rd meeting of the Standing Committee on its implementation of Resolution Conf. 11.9 (Rev. CoP18), including in its report, information on any seizures, arrests, prosecutions and convictions secured as a result of activities implemented to address illegal trade in tortoises from Madagascar.
6. In January 2020, the CITES Secretariat sent a letter (no. SG/JSt/2020/MG/17) to the CITES Management Authority of Madagascar asking it to submit a report in accordance with Decision 18.286 by 31 May 2020. However, due to the global COVID 19 pandemic and the other commitments of Madagascar regarding CITES, it was not possible to finish the report in May and the Secretariat was informed about the situation.
7. Madagascar recommends that the Standing Committee note this document and the progress reported.
SC73 Doc. 24.2 – p. 2 MESURES TAKEN BY MADAGASCAR TO COMBAT ILLEGAL TRADE IN TURTLES
Strengthening of capacities and detection equipment
In the framework of the fight against corruption, the Independent Anti-Corruption Bureau (BIANCO) has provided training on combating illegal trade of natural resources in Madagascar.
To face these major challenges, several actions have been taken by BIANCO to fight more effectively against all forms of illegal trade of natural resources: