ONCE UPON an ERASURE RESIDENTS INTHEREPUBLIC ONCE UPON an ERASURE from CITIZENSTO ILLEGAL Uršula Lipovecčebron Editors: Jelkazornand of SLOVENIA
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TO THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA Date: 4/6-1992 SUBJECT: OPEN QUESTIONS ON THE EXECUTION OF THE ALIENS ACT Through Article 40 of the Citizenship of the Republic of Slovenia Act, the right of citizens of other republics of the former SFRY to citizenship in the Republic of Slovenia with lenient conditions has been exhausted. In direct relation to this Act, the Aliens Act, in its preliminary determination, allowed these persons the opportunity to arrange their status on the basis of their own free will. Therefore, after 25/2-1992 provisions of the Aliens Act took effect for most persons who had not requested citizenship of the Republic of Slovenia. For persons who had received a negative decision regarding their application for Slovene citizenship, the provisions of this Act begin taking effect two months after negative decision has been issued. According to our estimates, there are 40,000 persons who, by force of law or on the basis of a negative decision regarding citizenship, became foreigners and are arranging their residence status in the Republic of Slovenia. To date, the practice of receiving applications for permanent and temporary residence has shown that most applications draw on existential reasons, which are said to justify the reason for residence in the Republic of Slovenia (long-term residence in the Republic of Slovenia, employment, marriage to a citizen of the Republic of Slovenia, real estate holdings, etc.). The justification of reasons for residence is also linked to acquired rights[underlined by editors], which may cancel out eligibility conditions (a person does not have the means to sustain his/her existence, or his/her survival in the state is in no way guaranteed – unemployment, justification through real estate holdings without justifiable reasons – falsity). Delays in the adoption of an Employment of Aliens Act and Social Security Act also present a unique problem. Attempts are being made to compensate ONCE UPON AN ERASURE for this legal void with the provisions of the Aliens Act, which was not its original purpose. As of 1/6-1992, the Ministry of the Interior has received 800 applications for permanent residence. Administrative decisions on temporary residence fall under the jurisdiction of municipal administrative ONCE UPON bodies for the interior. The problem of temporary residence permits is growing ever larger, as the fact that the Ljubljana Ministry of the Interior alone has issued over 5,000 temporary residence AN ERASURE permits as of 1/6-1992 shows. Deciding on applications for permanent residence presents a special problem, because two legal positions have emerged. The first respects the notion of “acquired rights”, FROM CITIZENS TO ILLEGAL by which the case of a negative decision would constitute one-sided revocation of rights which these persons had already acquired prior to 23/12-1990 or 25/6-1991. According to this interpretation, all RESIDENTS IN THE REPUBLIC persons who, by the previous stipulations, had a registered permanent residence in Slovenia would OF SLOVENIA retain permanent residence regardless of the change in status. The second position derives from an interpretation of the law which grants the possibility of acquiring a permanent residence permit only after 3 years of legal temporary residence. This means that these persons, aside from exceptions Editors: Jelka Zorn and under Articles 16 and 17 (foreigners of Slovene descent and children or spouses who already have legal Uršula Lipovec Čebron permanent residence), would not be granted permanent residence prior to this date. In light of the intent of the Employment of Aliens Bill and the Social Security Bill, this dilemma is of key importance, as it is a matter of deciding upon existential rights which the state must guarantee. In these questions, the matter of whom to grant permanent residence remains open, in particular because an acquired permit is difficult to revoke (problematic persons, such as criminals, violators of public peace and order, and certain persons who were employed in the Yugoslav Army). It is therefore a matter of persons who, according to Articles 13 and 19, in many cases do not even meet the requirements for obtaining a permit for temporary or permanent residence, and who, in their applications, link justifiable reasons to the fact that their spouses and children reside in the Republic of Slovenia. Owing to long-term residence in our country, they have lost contact with their home countries, and an existential bond with Slovenia also derives from this. Because of the complexity of the problem, which has both a political connotation and financial consequences, we suggest that the Government of the Republic of Slovenia familiarize itself with this problem and take its stance towards the positions listed above. The Ministry of the Interior believes that in the independence phase of the Republic of Slovenia, all rights of citizens of republics of the former Yugoslavia, which are derived from international conventions and interstate agreements, were respected. The independence legislation (in particular Article 40 of the Citizenship Act and Article 81 of the Aliens Act) granted these persons free choice on their status to the greatest possible extent. This is why we feel that, in further proceedings, acquired rights must not be of account [underlined by editors], as they were consciously forfeited, and that for this reason the determinations of the Aliens Act must be thoroughly followed. COPIES SENT TO: - Ministry of Labour, MINISTER OF THE INTERIOR Journal for the Critique of Science Family and Social Affairs Igor Bavčar - Ministry of Health Editors Jelka Zorn and Uršula Lipovec Čebron Once Upon an Erasure: From Citizens to Illegal Residents in the Republic of Slovenia This book is a special edition of the Journal for the Critique of Science, Imagination, Publisher and New Anthropology Študentska založba, Beethovnova 9, Ljubljana 2008 Acting editor-in-chief Barbara Beznec Editorial board Barbara Beznec, Marta Gregorčič, Tatjana Greif, Nikolai Jeffs, Mirt Komel, Andrej Kurnik, Translators Katarina Majerhold, Maple J. Razsa, Michael C. Jumič, Helena Dembsky, Matija Ravitz, Mitja Velikonja, Boris Vezjak, Jelka Zorn Benjamina Dolinšek Razsa and Maple J. Razsa Graphic design and layout Language editors Dražena Perić Michelle Gadpaille and Michael C. Jumič Cover patchwork Miran Bilek Printed by Demat Ltd. The publishing of this book was made possible by 1001 Action for Dialogue – Anna Lindt Foundation Oxford Brooks University Peace Institute (Slovenia) Amnesty International Slovenia Croatian Embassy Varsi Ltd. CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 342.715(497.4) ONCE upon an erasure: from citizens to illegal residents in the Republic of Slovenia / editors Jelka Zorn and Uršula Lipovec Čebron [translators Michael C. Jumič et al.] - Ljubljana: Študentska založba, 2008 ISBN 978-961-242-186-1 1. Zorn, Jelka 240100608 I FEEL SLOVENIA Barbara Beznec | Journal for the Critique of Science, Imagination, and New Anthropology ČasopisJournal za Časopis forkritiko the Critiqueznanosti,za kritiko of domišljijo znanosti, Science, indomišljijoImagination, novo antropologijo in novoand New antropologijo | Anthropology228 | UvodnikContent | 227 EDITORIAL 7 Uršula Lipovec Čebron and Jelka Zorn: The Erasure and Cultural Anesthesia – A report on Slovenia’s Statehood, Political Equality and Social Justice 15 Barbara Beznec: Once Upon a Struggle ERASURE tm 19 Barbara Beznec: The Impossible is Possible: An Interview with Aleksandar Todorović 32 Mira Muršič: The Erasure is Always and Everywhere 39 Roberto Pignoni: The Story of Velimir Dabetić 41 Roberto Pignoni: The Double Erasure of Ali Berisha 44 Borut Mekina: A Monument to the Erased 52 Jelka Zorn: “We, the Ethno-citizens of Ethno-democracy” – The Formation of Slovene Citizenship DIAGNOSIS: ERASURE 71 Uršula Lipovec Čebron: The Metastasis of the Erasure 89 Uršula Lipovec Čebron: “Without a Health Insurance Card, You’re Nobody”: An Interview with the Physician Aleksander Doplihar OUTLINE 95 Vlasta Jalušič: Renouncing Political Capacities: Organized Innocence and the Erasure of Citizenship Responsibility in Post-Yugoslav Nation-state Building 115 Marta Gregorčič: Phantom Irresponsibility, or Fascism in Disguise 133 Andrej Kurnik: The Erased Go to Heaven 145 Uršula Lipovec Čebron: Invention of an “Interior Enemy” after Secession from Yugoslavia: An interview with the Poet Boris A. Novak 148 Jelka Zorn: Erase Camps, not People: An Interview with Roberto Pignoni 156 Imma Tuccillo Castaldo: Immobilized Citizenship 165 Marta Stojić: The Production of the Erased: From Liminality to Metaphor EFFACEMENT 174 Igor Mekina: The Erasure of the Erasure 190 Svetlana Vasović: Deported to Death 196 Neža Kogovšek: The Erasure: The Proposal of a Constitutional Law as the Negation of the Rule of Law 211 Boris Vezjak: Argumentation and Rhetoric in the Case of the Erased CHRONOLOGY 222 Sara Pistotnik: Chronology of the Erasure 1990–2007 263 SUMMARIES SUPPLEMENTS Ministry of the Interior: Execution of the Aliens Act – Instruction, issued 27 February 1992 (last page) Ministry of the Interior: Open Questions on Execution of the Aliens Act, issued 4 June 1992 (back cover) DVD documentary films: Dimitar Anakiev (2004) Rubbed Out Karaula MiR (Migration-Resistance) (2005) On the Other Side of the River Dražena Perić (2007) The Caravan of the Erased Content | EDITORIAL »Only memory can advance, never oblivion.« Graffiti in Ciudad de Guatemala Uršula Lipovec