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NOTE This Is a Preliminary Narrative and Should Not Be Regarded As ) NOTE This is a preliminary narrative and should not be regarded as authoritati ve . It has not been checked for accuracy in all aspects , and its interpretations are not necessarily those of the Historical Section as a whole. Ce texte est preliminaire et n'a aucun caract~re officiel . On n'a pas verifie son exactitude et l es interpretations qu'il contient ne sont pas necessairement celles du Service hi storique. Directorate of History National Defence Headquarters Ottawa , Canada KlA OK2 July 1986 • I c t-Ati 0 i4T1 ~ ·" Authority. OHO ~3 R~~ bvo~ t: ...QG.1-1\,......:~L-11.M..l~-"""'---, ·• Jot NDHO R E P 0 R T ~O . 16 HisrQHICAL SECTION ( G. S. ) ARMY HEADQ.UARTERS 7 Jan 53 The Canadiati. Army Pacific Force, 1944-1945 AMEJID!.tENT NO. 1 Cancel Addendum No. 1 dated 2 Jun 52 and substitute the attached, to be in­ serted between paragraphs 43 and 44. r- k·~'~ ~ ( C .P. Stacey) Colonel ~ Director Historical Section D I C t ·A I I ~~I I • , Authority: OHO 3-3 ~' MULE CONDUCTING PARTIES TO I NDIA by fut OHist NOHQ Dete: -;}CT 1 5 1986 43a. On 1 Feb 44 N. D.H. Q. received a telegr am f r om the Canadian Military Attache in Washington stati ng that the British Army Staff were initiating shipments of mules on behalf of the Indian Government . The Attache/passed to Ottawa the British request for the loan of Canadian llrCJ.Y personnel to conduct two shiploads of mules from Hew York to Kar achi . The British had obtained U.S. personnel for earlier shipment s but wer e reluctant to ask the Americans f or f urther hel p. A shipload of mules numbered approximately 400 and required an escort of one conducting officer, one veterinary, three cooks, four veter inar y attendants and roughly 28 gener al duty raen , i . e. , a remount t r oop (R . Q. C. 8932- 1, vol 3: Tel M.A. 771, Mawash to Defensor, 1 Feb 44) N. D. E.Q. agr eed to provide the conducting parties and wired · Washington accor dingly ~ ibid: Tel Org 987, Defensor to Mawash , 9 Feb 44). To eliminate clerical work, the "muleteers" were to be attached to the British Ar my Staff as individuals and not as a unit or det achment. They were to be loaned for a maximum of si x months. · ( (H. S. ) 112 . 382009 (Dl 85) : Minutes of Meeting, 1 M~ r 44) From the time of the original r equest to the end of the war, four conducting par ties wer e sent. 43b. The difficulties of procuring sufficient mules led to a reduction of the original request from two parti es to one (H . Q. .C . 8932- 1, vol 3: Tel M. A. 1332, Mawash to· A.. G., 26 Feb 44) . This first party concentr ated at St. Johns, P.Q., and left for i~ew Yor k on 18 Mar 44. It consisted of Maj T.A. G. Moore , C. FI . of O. (conducting officer), Capt R.G . Livermor e, Can Fus (veterinary), and 43 other ranks of the Veterans Gua r d ,of Canada ( i bid, vol 6: Moore to Secretary D.H. D., 20 Jul 44). wnile considerable effort was made to ensure that the draft was smart and soldierly in appeSiranco, it was not specified that the men choson should be experienced in handling animals ( (P. S. ) 163.009 (D21) : A.G. to D. Os.c. • , 23 Feb 44 ) . Co nsequently, the Cana dia ns had to call upon U. S. Remount personnel to help them. load the ship. Some 476 mules were placed a board the S. S . Empire Tr ail ; 40 of these were sick a nd during the f irs't night tv.o died . (B .Q. C. 89}2-l, vol 6: Moore to Secretar y D. N. D., 20 Jul 44) The ship sailed from New York and joined its convoy (U. G. S. 37) at Hampton Roads , near Nor folk, Virginia, leaving there on 24 Mar 44. The convoy contained two other ships carr ying mules ; the animals in these ships and in two other s (which had sailed earlier on 23 Feb a nd 4 Mnr r espectively} were conducted by U.S. personnel. (Ibid, vol 5: Tel, B.A.S . , \Jc.!. shington to Embarkation Bomba y , 25 Mar 44) 43c. The convoy route was Gibraltar - Suez (Port Tewfik) - Aden - Karachi , with stops at Suez and ~den . Off Algiers, the ships were attacked by enemy air craft and at least one plane was shot down in flames. This delighted the old warriors of the Veterans Guard , who had vol unttiri ly manned the ship's guns. Off Crete, they were attacked by Gerrran sub.marines . The ship - 2 - directly astern of the Empire Tr ail was hit and its steering gear damaged. The merchantman to starboard was also hit and in this case set afir e. The convoy had to sail on, leaving both vessels drifting helplessly.: In Aden, the stokehold gang mutinied and had to be re­ placed by a crew of Somalis ~ Despite these incidents, the Empire Trail arrived at Karachi on 7 May 44 with all animals in good health. After unloading their ship, the Cara di an c onducting j:6rty took a train to Bombay and sailed from there on 2 Jun. After a stopover in Mel ­ bourne, they a rrived at San redro, California, on 2 Jul and were back in Tor onto on 15 Jul. (Ibid , vol 6: t'1Qore t o Secretary D. N.D., 20 Jul 44. See also Report by Sgt . J. tucCabe, 10 Aug 44) 43d. In August 1943 the British requested Canada t o prov ide t\w:> mo re 111ule conducting parties i n India. This time each group was to have an additional medical ott icer. (Ibid, vol 7: Q,.1L G. to A. G. , 3 Aug 44) - 43e. Maj Moore was again in cht:trge of detail Ho . 1 and two men v:ho had been on the original voyage were included in his 43 0 . Il . of the Veterans Guard of Canada . Some 421 mules, including 26 sick, were loaded at Hoboken aboard the ~ . §_~Empi r e Symbol which sailed on 10 Dec 44. About midnight it r an into a full gale. Loose lumber smashed several pens a nd a number of mules broke loose in the blackout. Rough weather continued as far as Port Said, where a stop was ma.de, but eventually 1':9raoh1 was reached on 19 Jan 45 and all 419 mules disembarked in good health. This time the conducting party r ema ined on the sC:iCD.e ship as far as Bombay and took another ship to Gourock, Scotland. After five days leav e in the United Kingdom the detail r e- embarked on 30 Mar for r eturn to Canada. {I bid , vol 10: lldoore to Secretary D.N.D., 24 May 45) 43f. The second of these two later parties (Group i~o . 3) embarked o.t IJew York on the S . 8 . Ocean Vista on 5 Jan 45, having loaded 319 mules . ·(some 51 mul es had been c asualties en route to the port, ) {Ibid, vol 9: B. A. S. Ottawa to AG , 19 Jan 45) Maj R. G. Betts was in charge , assisted by Capt C.H. rarker R.C. A. M. C. and Ca pt R.G. Liveroore (the veterinary who had been on the original voyage). One man also was c1.ak ing his second trip. This party had 42 O. R. of the Veterans Gua r d of Canada plus a se~geant of the Permanent Force who had been a farrier (ibid, vol 10: D. Adm to D. Or g , 10 Nov 44) . *One ship sank and the other was towed to Alexandria, but subsequently had t o be written off as a t otal loss. (B . R. 137 . British and Foreign Merchant Vessels , L~st and Dama ed b Eoe Ac tion Dur in the Second ·,.forld liar , London, 1945 , p . 130. This is d publication of the Royal lluvy hold by the R. C. N. historian) - 3 - 43g. The third British request for mule es- corts arrived at N.D . H .~v · on 21 Feb 45 (ibid, vol 8: B.A.S. Ottawa to A.G., 21 Feb 45). ~ The director of the Veterans Guard of 0-anada felt that his Veterans could not provide the required personnel and attend to their increased responsibilities for prisoners of wax (ibid: D. V. G. C. to D. Adm, 27 Feb 45). It was therefore decided to employ low category G. S. members of No . 2 General Empl oyment Company (ibid : A.G. to the Minister, 7 1.~r 45). Accordingly, a party of three officers and 45 other r anks in charge of Capt R. Harris , C.A.C., arrived in New York on 2 April and sailed a board the ~-· s.. Empire Mauritius on 6 Apr 4 5. The voyage was uneventful except when one of the escorts, Pte C.E . Smith, was stricken with appendicitis. The surgeon of a U. S. destroyer was sent over by breeches buoy to assist t he Canadian M.O. in a successful operation. Smith was dropped off S;Gibraltar and the Empire Mauritius proceeded via Por t Said and Aden without further incident. The mules were unloaded at Karachi on 15 rv!ay , the party then going over to Bombay. to take ship for Gr eenoch.
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