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The Canadian Army Pacific Force 1944-45

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The Canadian Army Pacific Force 1944-45 ," • NOTE This is a preliminary narrative and should not be regarded as authoritative. It has not been checked for accuracy in all aspects, and its interpretations are not necessarily those of the Historical Section as a whole. Ce texte est pr~limina;re et n'a aucun caract~re afficie1. On n1a pas v~r;fi~.son exactitude et les interpretations qu'il contient ne sont pas n~cessa;rement cel1es du Service h;storique. Directorate of History National Defence Headquarters Ottawa, Canada Kl A OK2 July 1986 REP 0 R T 1l0. 16 HIS'roIUCAL SECTION (0.5.) ARI.IY HEAD«UARTERS 7 Jan 53 • The Canadiah Army Pacific Force, 1944-1945 Cancel Addendum No.1 dated 2 Jun 52 and substitute the attached, to be in­ serted between paragraphs 43 and 44. }-. k. (jt<-.~, ~ ~ (C.P. Stacey) Colonel bDirector Historical Section Die l'A •• 0'11 I •• "_0"0:1-3 f by /'/1/. 1 tor OH_ HOMO MULE CONDUCTING PARTIES TO INDIA Dot., --eCf-t-5-1986- 43a. On 1 Feb 44 N.D.H.Q. receive~ a telegram from the Canadian Military Attache in Washington stating that the British Army Staff were initiating shipments of mUles on behalf of the Indian Government. The ~ttache/passed to Ottawa the British request for the loan of Canadian J~my personnel to conduct two shiploads of mules from Hew York to Karachi. The British had obtained U.S. personnel for earlier shipments but were reluctant to ask tIle Americans for further help. A shipload of mules numbered approximately 400 and required an escort of one conducting officer, one veterinary, three cooks, four veterinary attendants and roughly 28 general duty !ilen, Le., a remount troop (II.Q..C. 8932-1, vol 3: Tel M.A. 771, Mawash to Defensor, 1 Feb 44) N.D.H.Q.. Hgrced to provide the conducting parties and wired· Washington accordingly :ibid: Tel Org 987, Defensor to Mawash, 9 Feb 44). To eliminate clerical work, the "muleteers" were to be attached to the British ~rmy Staff as individuals and not as a unit or detachment. They were to be loaned for a maximum of six months •• «(H.8•.) 112.382009 (D185): Minutes of Meeting, 1 M~r 44) From the time of the nriginal request to the end of the war, four conducting parties were sent. 43b. The difficulties of procuring sufficient mUles led to a reduction of tho original request from two parties to one (11.,<.C. 8932-1, vol 3: Tel ~t.A. 1332, Mawash to A.G., 26 Feb 44). This first party concentrated at St. Johns J P.Q'J and left for New York on 18 ~llir 44. It consisted of Maj T.A.G. Moore, C.II. of O. (condueting officer), Capt R.G. Livermore, Can Fus (veterinary), and 43 other ranks of the Veterans Guard pf Canada (1bid, vol 6" Moore to Socretary D.U.D., 20 Jul 44). While considerable effort was made to ensure that the draft v.as smart and soldierly in appe~rance, it was not specified that the men chosen should be experienced in handling animals (E.S.) 163.009 (D2l): A.G. to D.Os.C.• , 23 Feb 44). Consequently, the Can~dians hnd to call upon U. S. Remount per sonneI to help them load the ship. Some 476 mules were placed aboard the S: S. Empire Trail j 40 of these were sick and during the f1rfl't night two died. (H.Q.C. 8932-1, vol 6: Moore to Secretary D.N.D., 20 Jul 44) The ship sailed from New York and joined its convoy (U.G.S. 37) at Hampton Ro~ds, near Norfolk, Virginia, leaVing there on 24 MDr 44. The convoy contained two other ships carrying mulesj the animals in these ships and in two others (which h~d s~iled earlier on 23 Feb and 4 Mar respectively) were conducted by U.S. personnel. (Ibid, vol 5: Tel, B.A.S., \Jclshington to Embarkation Bombay, 25 M~r 44) 4}c. The convoy route was Gibraltar - SUez (Port Tewfik) - Aden - Karachi, with stops at Suez and Aden. Orf algiers, the ships were attacked by enemy aircraft and at least one plane \ms shot down in flames. This delighted the old warriors of the Veterans Guard, who had voluntarily manned the ship's guns. Ofr Crete, they were attacked by Ger!i1in submarines. The ship - 2 - directly astern of tha Empire Trail was hit and its steering gear damaged. The merchantman to starboard was also hit and in this case set afire. The convoy had to sal1 on, leaving both vessels drifting helplessly. ~ In Aden, the stokehold gang mutinied and had to be re­ placed by a crew of Somalis~ Despite these incidents, the Empire Trail arrived at Karachi on 7 May 44 with all animals in good health. JU'ter unloading their ship, the Cenadian conducting party took a tr"in to Bombay and sailed from there on 2 Jun. After a stopover in Mel­ bourne, they arrived at san redro, California, on 2 Jul and were back in Toronto on 15 lul. (Ibid, vol 6: t~re to Secretary D.N.D., 20 Jul 44. See also Report by Sgt. J. McCabe, 10 Aug 44) 43d. In August 1943 the British requested Canada to provide tYlO more (llule conducting parties in India. This time each group was to have an additional medical officer. (Ibid, vol 7: Q..i·;.G. to A.G., 3 Aug 44) 43e. Maj Moore was again in ch...rge of detail He. 1 and two men v:ho had been on the original voyage were included in his 43 O.H. of the Veterans Guard of Canada. SOme 421 mules, including 26 sick, were loaded at Hoboken aboard the f' •.s_:- Empire Symbol which sailed on 10 Dec 44. About midnlght it ran into a full gale. Loose lumber smashed several pens and a number of mules broke loose in the blackout. Rough weather continued as far as Port said, where a stop was made, but eventually ~ach1 was reached on 19 Jan 45 and all 419 mules disembarked in e,ood health. This time the conducting party remained on the Stim6 ship as far as Bombay and took another ship to Gourock, Scotland. After five days leave in the United Kingdom the detail re-embarked on 30 Mar for return to Canada. (Ibid, vol 10: ~ore to Secretary D.N.D., 24 May 45) - 43f. The second of these two later parties (Group ;'0. 3) embarked ut !lew York on the S.S. Ocean Vista on 5 Jan 45, having loaded 319 mules. "(Some 51 mules had been casualties en route to the port.) (Ibid, vol 9: B.A.S. Ottawa to ~G, 19 lan 45) Maj R.G. Betts was in chttrge, assisted by Capt C.H. }:arker R.C.A.M.C. and Capt R.G. Livermore (the veterinary who had been on the original voyage). One man also was making his second trip. This party had 42 O.Il. of the Veterans Guard of Canada plus a ser-gaunt of the ?ermanent Force who had been a farrier (ibid, vol 10: D. Adm to D. Org, 10 Nov 44). *One ship sank and tile other was towed to Alexandria, but subsequently had to be written off as a total loss. (B.R. 1 British and Forei n Merchant Vessels L~st and Dame ed b nem Action Durin the Second ~orld \~r, London, 1945 , p. 130. This is d publication of the Royal llavy hnld by the R.C.N. historian) - 3 - 43g. The third Br,itish request for mule es- corts arrived at N.D.H.'<._'on 21 Feb 45 (ibid, vol 8: B.A.S. Ottawa to A.G., 21 Feb 45)., The director of the Veterans Guard of Canada felt that his Veterans could not provide the required personnel and attend to their increased responsibilities for prisoners of war (ibid: D.V.G.C. to D. Adm, 27 Feb 45). It was therefore decided to employ low cateeory G.S. members of Ho. 2 General Employment Company (ibid: A.G. to the Minister, 7 "~r 45). Accordingly, a party of three officers and 45 other ranks in charge of Capt R. llarris, C.A.C., arrived 1n New York on 2 April and sailed aboard the S.. S. Empire Mauritius on 6 Apr 45. The voyage was uneventful except when ooe of the escorts, Pte C.E. Smith, was stricken with appendicitis. The surgeon of a U.S. destroyer was sent over by breeches buoy to assist the Canadian M.O. in a successful operation. Smith was dropped off ~Gibraltar and the Empire Mauritius proceeded via Fort said and JoI.den without further incident. The mules were unloaded at Karachi on 15 reay, the party then going over to BOmbay; to t~ke ship for Greenoch. After 13 days leave, the detail bo~rded the Duchess of Bedford at Liverpool, and on 27 Jul 45 arrived at Halifax. (Ibid, vol 11: Harris to A.G., 16 AUg 45) ---- 43h. Thus it was that Canada supplied four parties to convoy approximately 1600 mUles from the United States to India.. The Canadian personnel engaged totalled nine officers and 170 other ranks, excluding the sick man left in Gibraltar and counting only once the two officers and three other ranks who made the voyage twice. * *These appear to be the most accurate figures avail­ able according to the nominal rolls, ahthough they do not agree with those arrived at previously (H.Q,.C.
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