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Flooding the Border: Development, Politics, and Environmental Controversy in the Canadian-U.S
FLOODING THE BORDER: DEVELOPMENT, POLITICS, AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROVERSY IN THE CANADIAN-U.S. SKAGIT VALLEY by Philip Van Huizen A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (History) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) June 2013 © Philip Van Huizen, 2013 Abstract This dissertation is a case study of the 1926 to 1984 High Ross Dam Controversy, one of the longest cross-border disputes between Canada and the United States. The controversy can be divided into two parts. The first, which lasted until the early 1960s, revolved around Seattle’s attempts to build the High Ross Dam and flood nearly twenty kilometres into British Columbia’s Skagit River Valley. British Columbia favoured Seattle’s plan but competing priorities repeatedly delayed the province’s agreement. The city was forced to build a lower, 540-foot version of the Ross Dam instead, to the immense frustration of Seattle officials. British Columbia eventually agreed to let Seattle raise the Ross Dam by 122.5 feet in 1967. Following the agreement, however, activists from Vancouver and Seattle, joined later by the Upper Skagit, Sauk-Suiattle, and Swinomish Tribal Communities in Washington, organized a massive environmental protest against the plan, causing a second phase of controversy that lasted into the 1980s. Canadian and U.S. diplomats and politicians finally resolved the dispute with the 1984 Skagit River Treaty. British Columbia agreed to sell Seattle power produced in other areas of the province, which, ironically, required raising a different dam on the Pend d’Oreille River in exchange for not raising the Ross Dam. -
THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RANGERS, Octobre 2010
A-DH-267-000/AF-003 THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RANGERS THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RANGERS BADGE INSIGNE Description Description Gules a Dall ram's head in trian aspect Or all within De gueules à la tête d'un mouflon de Dall d'or an annulus Gules edged and inscribed THE ROCKY tournée de trois quarts, le tout entouré d'un anneau MOUNTAIN RANGERS in letters Or ensigned by the de gueules liséré d'or, inscrit THE ROCKY Royal Crown proper and environed by maple leaves MOUNTAIN RANGERS en lettres du même, sommé proper issuant from a scroll Gules edged and de la couronne royale au naturel et environné de inscribed with the Motto in letters Or. feuilles d'érable du même, le tout soutenu d'un listel de gueules liséré d’or et inscrit de la devise en lettres du même. Symbolism Symbolisme The maple leaves represent service to Canada and Les feuilles d'érable représentent le service au the Crown represents service to the Sovereign. The Canada, et la couronne, le service à la Souveraine. head of a ram or big horn sheep was approved for Le port de l'insigne à tête de bélier ou de mouflon wear by all independent rifle companies in the d'Amérique a été approuvé en 1899 pour toutes les Province of British Columbia in 1899. "THE ROCKY compagnies de fusiliers indépendantes de la MOUNTAIN RANGERS" is the regimental title, and Province de la Colombie-Britannique. « THE ROCKY "KLOSHE NANITCH" is the motto of the regiment, in MOUNTAIN RANGERS » est le nom du régiment, et the Chinook dialect. -
Pragmatism and Cooperation: Canadian-American Defence Activities in the Arctic, 1945-1951
Pragmatism and Cooperation: Canadian-American Defence Activities in the Arctic, 1945-1951 by Peter Kikkert A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts In History Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2009 © Peter Kikkert 2009 Author’s Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract During the early Cold War, as the Soviet menace placed Canada in between two hostile superpowers, the Canadian government decided to take steps to ensure that its sovereignty and national interests were not threatened by the Americans in the new strategic environment. This study examines the extent to which the Canadian government actually defended its sovereignty and rights against American intrusions in the early Cold War. At its core is an examination of the government’s policy of gradual acquisition in the Arctic between 1945 and 1951. This thesis explores the relationships that existed at the time, the essence of the negotiations, the state of international law and the potential costs and benefits of certain Canadian courses of action. It also explains how Canada’s quiet diplomacy allowed it to avoid alienating its chief ally, contribute to continental defence, and strengthen its sovereignty during this period. iii Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Whitney Lackenbauer, for his insight, constant encouragement and advice. -
Specialization and the Canadian Forces (2003)
SPECIALIZATION AND THE CANADIAN FORCES PHILIPPE LAGASSÉ OCCASIONAL PAPER No. 40, 2003 The Norman Paterson School of International Affairs Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6 Telephone: 613-520-6655 Fax: 613-520-2889 This series is published by the Centre for Security and Defence Studies at the School and supported by a grant from the Security Defence Forum of the Department of National Defence. The views expressed in the paper do not necessarily represent the views of the School or the Department of National Defence TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 3 Introduction 4 Determinants of Force Structuring 7 Canadian Defence Policy 16 Specialization, Transformation and Canadian Defence 29 Conclusion 36 REFERENCES 38 ABOUT THE AUTHOR 40 2 ABSTRACT Canada is facing a force structuring dilemma. In spite of Ottawa’s desire to promote international peace and stability alongside the United States and the United Nations, Canada’s minimalist approaches to defence spending and capital expenditures are undermining the long-term viability of the Canadian Forces’ (CF) expeditionary and interoperable capabilities. Two solutions to this dilemma present themselves: increased defence spending or greater force structure specialization. Since Ottawa is unlikely to increase defence spending, specialization provides the only practical solution to the CF’s capabilities predicament. Though it would limit the number of tasks that the CF could perform overseas, specialization would maximize the output of current capital expenditures and preserve the CF’s interoperability with the US military in an age of defence transformation. This paper thus argues that the economics of Canadian defence necessitate a more specialized CF force structure. -
GAUTHIER John Louis
Gauthier, John Louis Private Algonquin Regiment Royal Canadian Infantry Corps C122588 John Louis Gauthier was born on Aug. 28, 1925 to French-Canadian parents, John Alfred Gauthier (1896-1983) and Clara Carriere (1900-1978) living in the Town of Renfrew, Ontario. The family also comprised James (1929-1941); Margaret (1932 died as an enfant); Blanche (1933-present) and Thomas (1937- present). Mr. Gauthier worked at the factory of the Renfrew Electric and Refrigeration Company. Jackie, as he was affectionately known, attended Roman Catholic elementary school and spent two years at Renfrew Collegiate Institute. After leaving high school, he went to work as a bench hand at the same factory as his father. In the summers, he was also a well-liked counsellor at the church youth camp in Lake Clear near Eganville, Ontario. Both his sister, Blanche, and brother, Thomas, recall Jackie’s comments when he decided to sign up for military at the age of 18 years old. “He told our mother that ‘Mom, if I don’t come back, you can walk down Main Street (in Renfrew) and hold your head high‘,” said Blanche. “In those days, men who didn’t volunteer to go overseas to war were called ‘zombies‘.” It was a common term of ridicule during the Second World War; Canadians were embroiled in debates about conscription or compulsory overseas military service. Many men had volunteered to go but others avoided enlistment. By mid-1943, the government was under pressure to force men to fight in Europe and the Far East. 1 Jackie Gauthier had enlisted on Oct. -
Canadian Official Historians and the Writing of the World Wars Tim Cook
Canadian Official Historians and the Writing of the World Wars Tim Cook BA Hons (Trent), War Studies (RMC) This thesis is submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Humanities and Social Sciences UNSW@ADFA 2005 Acknowledgements Sir Winston Churchill described the act of writing a book as to surviving a long and debilitating illness. As with all illnesses, the afflicted are forced to rely heavily on many to see them through their suffering. Thanks must go to my joint supervisors, Dr. Jeffrey Grey and Dr. Steve Harris. Dr. Grey agreed to supervise the thesis having only met me briefly at a conference. With the unenviable task of working with a student more than 10,000 kilometres away, he was harassed by far too many lengthy emails emanating from Canada. He allowed me to carve out the thesis topic and research with little constraints, but eventually reined me in and helped tighten and cut down the thesis to an acceptable length. Closer to home, Dr. Harris has offered significant support over several years, leading back to my first book, to which he provided careful editorial and historical advice. He has supported a host of other historians over the last two decades, and is the finest public historian working in Canada. His expertise at balancing the trials of writing official history and managing ongoing crises at the Directorate of History and Heritage are a model for other historians in public institutions, and he took this dissertation on as one more burden. I am a far better historian for having known him. -
Canadian Infantry Combat Training During the Second World War
SHARPENING THE SABRE: CANADIAN INFANTRY COMBAT TRAINING DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR By R. DANIEL PELLERIN BBA (Honours), Wilfrid Laurier University, 2007 BA (Honours), Wilfrid Laurier University, 2008 MA, University of Waterloo, 2009 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in History University of Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario, Canada © Raymond Daniel Ryan Pellerin, Ottawa, Canada, 2016 ii ABSTRACT “Sharpening the Sabre: Canadian Infantry Combat Training during the Second World War” Author: R. Daniel Pellerin Supervisor: Serge Marc Durflinger 2016 During the Second World War, training was the Canadian Army’s longest sustained activity. Aside from isolated engagements at Hong Kong and Dieppe, the Canadians did not fight in a protracted campaign until the invasion of Sicily in July 1943. The years that Canadian infantry units spent training in the United Kingdom were formative in the history of the Canadian Army. Despite what much of the historical literature has suggested, training succeeded in making the Canadian infantry capable of succeeding in battle against German forces. Canadian infantry training showed a definite progression towards professionalism and away from a pervasive prewar mentality that the infantry was a largely unskilled arm and that training infantrymen did not require special expertise. From 1939 to 1941, Canadian infantry training suffered from problems ranging from equipment shortages to poor senior leadership. In late 1941, the Canadians were introduced to a new method of training called “battle drill,” which broke tactical manoeuvres into simple movements, encouraged initiative among junior leaders, and greatly boosted the men’s morale. -
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http://www.ucalgary.ca/hic • ISSN 1492-7810 2010/11 • Vol. 9, No. 1 The Americanization of the Canadian Army’s Intellectual Development, 1946-1956 Alexander Herd Abstract Canadian scholarship has detailed the impact of increasing American political, economic, and socio-cultural influences on post-Second World War Canada. This paper demonstrates that the Canadian Army was likewise influenced by the Americans, and changes to the army’s professional military education are evidence of the “Americanization” of the army. During the early Cold War period, Canadian Army staff officer education increasingly incorporated United States Army doctrine, ranging from the basic organization of American formations to complex future military strategy. Research is primarily based on the annual staff course syllabi at the Canadian Army Staff College in Kingston, Ontario, which indicate that Canadian Army leaders were sensitive not only to the realities of fighting alongside the Americans in a future war, but to the necessity of making the Canadian Army, previously historically and culturally a British army, compatible with its American counterpart. In the context of limited scholarship on the early Cold War Canadian Army, this paper advances the argument that the army’s intellectual capacity to wage war was largely determined by external influences. During the first decade after the Second World War, Canadian society underwent a distinct transition. While Canada’s various linguistic and ethnic groups — including the English-speaking majority – did not sever -
Military) (MSM)
MERITORIOUS SERVICE MEDAL (Military) (MSM) CITATIONS 2008 UPDATED: 18 June 2019 PAGES: 48 CORRECT TO: 26 January 2008 (CG) 01 March 2008 (CG) 19 April 2008 (CG) 19 July 2008 (CG) 29 November 2008 (CG) Prepared by John Blatherwick, CM, CStJ, OBC, CD, MD, FRCP(C), LLD(Hon) Brigadier-General Shane Anthony Brennan, MSC*, CD Colonel Pierre Huet, MSM*, CD 1 MERITORIOUS SERVICE MEDAL (Military Division) (MSM) To CANADIAN FORCES MILITARY MEMBERS Canada Gazette 2008 CANADA GAZETTE NAME RANK UNIT DECORATIONS 20 ABBOTT, Peter Gerald Colonel Cdr Task Force El Gorah Sinai OMM MSM CD 34 ALAIN, Julie Marie Micheline Corporal CFHS Afghanistan MSM 34 ARCAND, Gilles CWO RSM JTF Afghanistan MMM MSM CD 04 BARNES, John Gerard MWO ‘C’ Coy 1 RCR Afghanistan MMM MSM CD 06 BARTLETT, Stephen Stanley CWO RSM Task Force Afghanistan MSM CD 20 BELL, Steven Albert Commander First OIC Maritime Amphibious Unit MSM CD 38 BERGERON, Joseph Jean-Pierre LCol Israel-Hezbollah conflict in 2006 MSM CD 38 BERREA, Patrick James Corporal Mass Distribution Cdn Medals MSM 25 BERRY, David Brian LCol Advisor Afghan Minister Rehab MSM CD 24 BÉRUBÉ, Jules Joseph Jean WO 2nd RCR JTF Afghanistan MSM CD 05 BISAILLON, Joseph Martin François Major DCO Mentor Team Afghanistan MSM CD 35 BOURQUE, Dennie Captain FOO F22eR Afghanistan MSM 21 BOWES, Stephen Joseph Colonel DCO Contingency Task Force MSC MSM CD 24 BRADLEY, Thomas Major Chief Ops JTF Afghanistan HQ MSM CD 38 BRENNAN, James Captain Strategic Airfield Planner 2007 MSM CD 35 BRÛLE, Pierre Jr. Corporal 53 rd Engineer Sqd Afghanistan MSM -
INSIDE This Issue
Pricing in effect Jan. 25 - Feb. 8 1947 - 2017 StagShilo WE WILL MATCH... Shipping to ADVERTISED PRICES ON ELECTRONICS, CAMERAS, COMPUTERS & MAJOR APPLIANCES. DETAILS ARE FREE CFB Shilo AVAILABLE INSTORE OR ONLINE AT WWW.CANEX.CA Your source for Army news in Manitoba 3635 Victoria Ave 204-727-4444 Volume 56 Issue 2 Serving Shilo, Sprucewoods & Douglas since 1947 January 26, 2017 INSIDE This Issue What did you do for Bell Let’s Talk? Page 4 Indoor golf facility can help your game. Page 6 Blessing for family pets It’s not often that Base Padre Maj Greg Costen’s sermons draw a canine audience. But for a blessing of the animals a number of church goers brought along their family pets, mainly canine breeds who sat in the pews patiently awaiting their turn to be blessed up front by Maj Costen. Big or small, it did not matter to the Base Padre, who blessed animals as part of a United Way campaign event. Make healthier choices at This was a fi rst, and Maj Costen CANEX. Page 8 is contemplating doing it again. Photos by Cpl Bryce Cooper 2 Shilo Stag January 26, 2017 Observer: inaugural Base newspaper published on July 18, 1947 Jules Xavier cover was of the artillery training out in the fi eld. Did you know Camp Shilo offered polo? In the late Shilo Stag Words more than photos made up much of the eight 40s, the Base had a polo team besides offering base- pages, with some line drawing advertising provided. ball/fastball — slo-pitch was not invented — with the Early advertisers, with full pages, were the Hud- teams playing communities in the hinterland. -
Making Canada's Role in NATO More Effective
Making Canada’s Role in NATO More Effective by JulianA Lindley POLICY-French PAPER July, 2016 2016 POLICY REVIEW SERIES Making Canada’s Role in NATO More Effective by Julian-Lindley French CGAI Fellow July, 2016 This essay is one in a series commissioned by Canadian Global Affairs Institute in the context of defence, security and assistance reviews by the Trudeau Government. The views expressed are those of the author and not CGAI. As a Canada Revenue Agency approved charitable organization, CGAI has no ‘views’ but rather acts as a platform and forum for intelligent discussion of Canadian global affairs policy. Prepared for the Canadian Global Affairs Institute 1600, 530 – 8th Avenue S.W., Calgary, AB T2P 3S8 www.cgai.ca ©2016 Canadian Global Affairs Institute ISBN: 978-1-927573-76-1 Making Canada’s Role in NATO More Effective CORE MESSAGES anada is the country that makes NATO an alliance. Without Canada’s membership NATO would be less a community and more a huddled mass of European states under C American protection. As the American world-burden becomes more onerous and the US relationship with NATO more tenuous, and as Europe itself teeters on the edge of deep insecurity and instability, the security and defence choices Canada will make matter not just to the people of Canada but to citizens across the Euro-Atlantic community. The Canada First Defence Strategy (CFDS), first released in 2008, envisions three major roles for the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF): sufficient capabilities to meet the security challenges facing Canadian citizens and Canadian territory; cooperation with the United States in pursuit of shared defence and civil objectives; and the fulfilment of Canada’s multilateral objectives through the United Nations and NATO. -
What Is the Reserve Force? the Reserve Force Is a Large Branch of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF)
2 Joining the Reserves What is the Reserve Force? The Reserve Force is a large branch of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). It is made up of people from the community who work in the CAF part time or full time. Members of the Reserve Force are called Reservists. Most Reservists also have other jobs. Alternatively, the Regular Force consists of members that work full time. These Did you know? members are also available at a moment’s notice to respond to any natural disasters or The Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) was threat to national security. previously referred to as the Canadian Forces (CF). The name was changed in 2013 to give a truer sense of the purpose of our troops. Who joins the Reserve Force? People join the Reserves for many different reasons. Some want adventure, a chance to serve others, a challenge, or a second income. However, something all Reservists have in common is a wish to serve their country. A career in the Canadian Armed Forces is a call to duty. The soldiers, sailors, airmen, and airwomen who answer this call want to help others, and they are determined to defend and protect what they believe in. Military families “Strength Behind the Uniform.” 3 About this handbook Why do we have an Orientation Handbook? The Reserve Force is a large branch of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). In the Canadian Armed Forces, we say that military families are the Strength Behind the Uniform. Families support Reservists during relatively small commitments like weekend training and summer courses. Families also support Reservists during major events, for example, when the Reservists are sent to other parts of Canada or the world.