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Revisiting Al-Andalus The Medieval and Early Modern Iberian World (formerly Medieval Iberian Peninsula) Editors Larry J. Simon (Western Michigan University) Gerard Wiegers (Radboud University Nijmegen) Arie Schippers (University of Amsterdam) Donna M. Rogers (Dalhousie University) Isidro J. Rivera (University of Kansas) VOLUME 34 Revisiting Al-Andalus Perspectives on the Material Culture of Islamic Iberia and Beyond Edited by Glaire D. Anderson and Mariam Rosser-Owen LEIDEN • BOSTON 2007 Cover illustration: The Alhambra Court, Crystal Palace, Sydenham. View from the nave into the Court of the Lions. Tinted photograph, Crystal Palace Guide and Souvenir, early 20th century. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A C.I.P. record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 1569-1934 ISBN 978 90 04 16227 3 © Copyright 2007 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands CONTENTS List of Illustrations .................................................................... vii Contributors .............................................................................. xv Introduction .............................................................................. xvii Glaire D. Anderson and Mariam Rosser-Owen Map ........................................................................................... xxxvi Part I Architecture and Urbanism in Umayyad Córdoba Madīnat al-Zahrā: Transformation of a Caliphal City .......... 3 Antonio Vallejo Triano The Dwellings of Madīnat al-Zahrā: a Methodological Approach ............................................................................... 27 Antonio Almagro Villa (munya) Architecture in Umayyad Córdoba: Preliminary Considerations ...................................................................... 53 Glaire D. Anderson Part II Reading the Regency Poems in Stone: the Iconography of Āmirid Poetry, and its ‘Petrifi cation’ on Āmirid Marbles ................................... 83 Mariam Rosser-Owen Love in the Time of Fitna: ‘Courtliness’ and the ‘Pamplona’ Casket ................................................................ 99 Cynthia Robinson Part III Uncovering Almohad Iberia Evolution of the Andalusi Urban Landscape: from the Dispersed to the Saturated Medina ..................................... 115 Julio Navarro and Pedro Jiménez vi contents Re-Examining Almohad Economies in South-western al-Andalus through Petrological Analysis of Archaeological Ceramics ................................................................................. 143 Rebecca Bridgman Part IV Conquest and Colonisers: al-Andalus and Beyond in the Sixteenth Century The Andalusi House in Granada (Thirteenth to Sixteenth Centuries) ................................................................................ 169 Antonio Orihuela Understanding Architectural Change at the Alhambra: Stratigraphic Analysis of the Western Gallery, Court of the Myrtles .............................................................................. 193 Camilla Mileto and Fernando Vegas Sixteenth-Century Viceregal Ceramics and the Creation of a Mudéjar Myth in New Spain .............................................. 209 María Judith Feliciano Part V Myth and Modernity: Constructions of al-Andalus Owen Jones and the Alhambra Court at the Crystal Palace .... 227 Kathryn Ferry Visions of al-Andalus in Twentieth-Century Spanish Mosque Architecture ............................................................................. 247 Jennifer Roberson Bibliography ................................................................................ 271 Index ........................................................................................... 291 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Vallejo Figures Fig. 1 Plan of the palace-city of Madīnat al-Zahrā, showing Roman aqueduct (A) and its caliphal spur (B). Fig. 2 Plan of the excavated zone of the palace, showing House of Jafar (13), and the Court of the Pillars (16). Fig. 3 Detail of the sanitary infrastructure on the upper terrace of the palace. The central rectilinear channel is the Roman channel. Fig. 4 4.1. Plan of the House of Jafar; 4.2. Pre-existing houses on the site of the House of Jafar (13A, 13B and 13C). Fig. 5 5.1. Building known as the Court of the Pillars 5.2. Pre-existing buildings at the Court of the Pillars (16A and 16B). Plates Plate 1 Aerial view, excavated palace zone. Plate 2 2.1. House of Jafar during restoration; 2.2. Court of the Pillars. Plate 3 3.1., 3.2., 3.3. Pre-existing buildings on the site of the House of Jafar. Plate 4 4.1., 4.2., 4.3. Pre-existing buildings and structures on the site of the Court of the Pillars. Colour Plates Colour Plate 1 1A. Interior, Hall of Abd al-Ramān III (so-called ‘Salón Oriental’, or Eastern Hall) 1B. Interior doorway with vegetal ornament, House of Jafar. Almagro Figures Fig. 1 General Plan of the palace of Madīnat al-Zahrā with the location of the residential buildings marked. viii list of illustrations Fig. 2 Houses without courtyards: (A) Dār al-Mulk; (B) al-Munya al-Rummāniyya Fig. 3 Houses with courtyards but without porticos. Fig. 4 Houses with courtyards and one portico. Fig. 5 Houses with courtyards and several porticos. Colour Plates Colour Plate 2 2A. Interior room of the Dār al-Mulk. 2B. Courtyard of Service Quarter B. Colour Plate 3 3A. Main courtyard of the House of Jafar. 3B. Interior courtyard at the House of Jafar. Colour Plate 4 4A. Courtyard of the House of the Small Pool from the eastern portico. 4B. North-east corner of the House of the Small Pool. Colour Plate 5 Interior of the western portico-room of the House of the Small Pool. Colour Plate 6 6A. Court of the Pillars. 6B. First hall on the west side of the Court of the Pillars. Anderson Figures Fig. 1 Map of Córdoba’s western suburban zone with approximate locations of munya remains marked with *. Courtesy of the Conjunto Arqueológico de Madīnat al-Zahrā, and after Anto- nio Vallejo Triano, Madīnat al-Zahrā: Guía Ofi cial del Conjunto Arqueológico ( Junta de Andalucía: Consejería de la Cultura, 2004) Fig. 2 Fragments from the Huerta de Valladares, in the Museo Arqueológico Provincial, Córdoba Fig. 3 Plan of al-Rummāniyya, showing the terraces and extent of the grounds around the munya; after Velázquez Bosco, Medina Azzahra y Alamiriya Fig. 4 (A) al-Rummāniyya, lower terrace walls (B) al-Rummāniyya, monumental pool, upper terrace Fig. 5 Sculptural fragments recovered from al-Rummāniyya; after Velázquez Bosco, Medina Azzahra y Alamiriya list of illustrations ix Fig. 6 (A) Painted wall decoration, Madīnat al-Zahrā (B) Painted dado, excavated bath, Córdoba (Campo Santo de los Mártires) Fig. 7 (A) Large basin excavated at al-Rummāniyya, in the Museo Arqueológico Provincial, Córdoba (B) Detail of design on the al-Rummāniyya basin’s exterior Fig. 8 (A) Small basin excavated at al-Rummāniyya, in the Museo Arqueológico Provincial, Córdoba (B) Detail of design on the small basin’s exterior Colour Plates Colour Plate 7 7A. Panels from the Cortijo del Alcaide, in the Museo Arqueológico Provincial, Córdoba. 7B. Remains of pool, Cortijo del Alcaide. Colour Plate 8 Finds from other probable munya sites, in the Museo Arqueológico Provincial, Córdoba: 8A. Chinales 8B. Arruzafa Rosser-Owen Figures Fig. 1 The Granada basin, showing where it was preserved in the Alhambra complex, until the nineteenth century. After Owen Jones, Plans, Elevations, Sections and Details of the Alhambra, Vol. I, pl. XLVI, 1842. By permission of the National Art Library. Fig. 2 View of the original front of the Marrakesh basin. The background shows the ablutions courtyard in the Madrasah Ibn Yūsuf, where it was found. After Gallotti, “Sur un cuve de marbre”, Fig. 1. Colour Plates Colour Plate 9 9A. Marble basin made for al-Manūr, d. 987–988 (the ‘Madrid basin’), in the Museo Arqueológico Nacional, Madrid (inv. 50428). Courtesy of the Archivo Fotográfi co, Museo Arqueológico Nacional. 9B. Marble basin made for Abd al-Malik ibn al- Manūr (the ‘Marrakesh basin’), in the Dār Si Saīd in Marrakesh. Photograph by Bruce White. Photograph © 1992 The Metropolitan Museum of Art. x list of illustrations Colour Plate 10 Marble basin in the Museo Nacional del Arte His- panomusulmán, Alhambra, Granada (inv. 243, the ‘Granada basin’). By permission of the Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife. Robinson Colour Plate 11 ‘Pamplona casket’, made for Abd al-Malik ibn al-Manūr, dated 395 H./1004–5 A.D.; Museo de Navarra, Comunidad Foral de Navarra, Pamplona. Courtesy of the Museo de Navarra. Navarro and Jiménez Fig. 1 Evolution of the Islamic city. Fig. 2 Umm al-Jimal ( Jordan). Byzantine site abandoned in the Umayyad period. Note the large empty spaces, and the streets in the process of formation in the areas where the town increases in density. Fig. 3 Madīnat al-Zahrā (Córdoba, tenth century).

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