ISSSS Factsheet Supporting stabilization in DR Congo

What is the ISSSS? The framework of the ISSSS consists of five core objectives: ISSSS stands for International Security and Stabilization Support Democratic Dialogue: Strategy, the main planning and coordination framework for Support national and provincial governments stabilization interventions in DR Congo (DRC). The ISSSS was to advance peace processes and implement key developed in 2008 to support the implementation of the national commitments under existing agreements. Stabilization and Reconstruction program (STAREC). Both the ISSSS and STAREC were developed to deliver tangible peace Security: dividends and reinforce political process following the signature Reduce threats to life, property and freedom of of the 2008 Goma accords and the 2009 Peace Agreements. movement.

Restoration of State Authority: Milestones since 2012 Progressively restore and strengthen public 08/2013 – 04/2014 Revision and validation of stabilization security, access to justice and administrative approach and ISSSS pillars services. 07/2014 – 12/2014 Identification of priority zones and Return, Reintegration and Recovery: realization of conflict analyses Support the return and reintegration of internally displaced persons and refugees and contribute to 12/2014 – 08/2016 Implementation of ISSSS pilot projects local economic recovery. in Mambasa and Kalehe Women, Peace and Security: 02/2015 – 04/2015 Development and validation of Ensure a coordinated response in combating Provincial strategies and action plans sexual and gender based violence and 10/2015 – 08/2016 Establishment of Stabilization mainstreaming gender considerations globally. Coherence Fund and funding boards 12/2015 – 09/2016 Operationalization of call for proposals for Kitshanga, Ruzizi and Sud Irumu Stabilization approach In 2013 the ISSSS went through a profound revision to address 04/2016 – 05/2016 Development and validation of the short falls of the first phase (2008-2012). The projects alignment criteria implemented in the first phase were mainly technical responses which did not provide stability nor provide answers to complex 05/2016 – 11/2016 Revision of conflict analyses and needs political problems. The revised ISSSS aims to address the specific assessments in ISSSS priority zones conflict dynamics in Eastern DRC which relate to an interplay 08/2016 – 09/2016 Deployment of M&E cell and validation of security dilemmas, mobilization around land and identity, of M&E framework the exploitation of natural resources and regional dynamics (see figure below).T he revised ISSSS defines stabilization as ‘an 01/2017 – 11/2017 Development and launch of programs integrated, holistic, but targeted process of enabling state and in Kitshanga, Ruzizi and Sud Irumu society to build mutual accountability and capacity to address 04/2017 – 09/2018 Extension of pilot projects in Kalehe and and mitigate drivers of conflict, creating the conditions for Mambasa improved governance and longer term development’. Root causes & conflict dynamics 06/2017 – 12/2017 Approval of fund allocation for Beni and Patrimonialism Patrimonialism operationalization of call for proposals Fragmented Poverty identities Socio-demographic People’s frame of issues reference Security Mobilization Fragmented ISSSS Technical Secretariat Impunity dillemmas around land identities The ISSSS Technical Secretariat is housed within MONUSCO’s Small arms and identity Conflict entrepreneurs Stabilization Support Unit (SSU) and provides coordination between the Government of the DRC, international partners and Patrimonialism Exploitation Patrimonialism UN agencies. The Secretariat is in charge of the management of Regional Fragmented of natural Extensive borders the Multi-donor Stabilization Coherence Fund, the coordination dynamics identities resources Socio-demographic of bilaterally funded programs aligned to the ISSSS, the provision Socio-demographic issues of policy advice and conflict analysis as well as the overall issues Easy availability / monitoring and documentation of lessons learned of the ISSSS. Extensive borders high prices

Operational mechanisms To support the roll out of the ISSSS and to maximize results of stabilization efforts the ISSSS Technical Secretariat has two mechanisms: Mechanism 1: Multi-donor Stabilization Coherence Fund (SCF) Mechanism 2: Alignment of bilaterial funded projects The SCF was established in 2015 and is governed by a National The Technical Secretariat also collaborates closely with bilateral Funding Board, co-chaired by the Minister of Plan and MONUSCO’s donors and their implementing partners to align their projects to DSRSG/RC/HC, and three Provincial Funding Boards, co-chaired the ISSSS framework, enabling a coherent and holistic approach by the Provincial Governors and MONUSCO’s Heads of Offices. towards conflict transformation in the different priority zones. Financial support has been provided by the following partners: It further maximizes the impact of stabilization efforts funded UN PBF: 12 million USD The Netherlands: 5 million USD through different mechanisms. The current aligned portfolio United Kingdom: 12.9 million USD Norway: 3.7 million USD amounts to a budget of 120 million USD funded by the Netherlands, Sweden: 5.2 million USD Germany: 1.5 million USD the United Kingdom, the United States, Sweden and Germany. ISSSS Priority Zones in Eastern DRC Pilot projects in Kalehe and Mambasa: promising results The ongoing support for the ISSSS is anchored in the success of two pilot projects in Kalehe (South Kivu) and Mambasa (Ituri) implemented between December 2014 and August 2016. The projects had a total budget of 8.3 million USD financed through the UN Peacebuilding Fund and Norway. Both projects addressed multi-sectorial and multidimensional challenges and mobilized the communities and the state around a common framework to address key drivers of conflict and improve conditions for longer term development. This political dimension has led to high-level engagement and support of Congolese authorities with regard to the planning, development and implementation of stabilization programs, as evidenced by the validation of compacts with provincial authorities containing strategic commitments from the authorities, which will contribute to increased sustainability of future stabilization interventions. External evaluations demonstrated that the projects proved successful in resolving inter-communal conflicts and land disputes, providing alternative economic opportunities for vulnerable groups, governance of natural resources, restoration of state authority through improved police capacity and establishing services for victims of sexual violence.

Role of government As part of MONUSCO, the ISSSS engages high-level political discussions with the Government of the DRC for stabilization interventions to succeed and be sustainable. Hence, the ISSSS Technical Secretariat prioritized the developed of ‘compacts’ with provincial authorities. The first compact was officially validated in Ituri, Haut-Uélé and North Kivu South Kivu Bas-Uélé (Ex-Orientale) 1. Autour Kitshanga 1. Plaine de la Ruzizi South Kivu on 6 June 2017, signed by the provincial Government, 1. Sud-Irumu 2. Beni Nord 2. Territoire de Fizi donors and MONUSCO. The compact contains agreements 2. Mambasa à 3. Volcans 3. Plateaux Numbi-Ziralo regarding roads maintenance, land access, illegal taxation, state Bafwasende 4. Centre Masisi 4. Habunda Ouest agent deployment, coordination of stabilization programs and 3. Haut et Bas-Uélé 5. Masisi-Walikele 5. Chule-Walungu-Kabare support to STAREC.

Overview of ISSSS programs funded by the multi-donor Stabilization Coherence Fund Province Ituri, Haut-Uélé and Bas-Uélé North Kivu* South Kivu

Priority zone Mambasa Sud Irumu Autour de Kitshanga Plat. Numbi-Ziralo Plaine de la Ruzizi Program name Amani Ni Njiya Ya Pamoja Kwa Njia Za Pamoja Kwa Amani Projet Intégré du Tujenge Pamoja Maendeleo Amani Makubaliano Na Maendeleo Nord Kalehe Kwa Ajili Ya Amani Implementing UN Habitat, UNDP, UN Habitat, IOM, International UN Habitat, UNDP, UN International partners IOM, UNESCO, SFCG, Mercy Corps, Alert, Pole Institute, UNFPA, UNESCO, Habitat, IOM, Alert, local FAO, local partners COOPI, local partners local partners local partners local partners partners Secteur/ Babila Babombi, Bahema Mitego, Bwito, Bashali, Bwito, Bashali, Buhavu Plaine de la Ruzizi, Chefferie Bombo, Bandaka, Bahema Boga, Localité de Pinga Localité de Pinga Bafulero, Cité Babila Bakwanza, Bahema Sud, de Kamanyola, Mambasa, Walese Banyali Tchabi, Bavira, Secteur Karo, Walese Dese Walendu Bindi, d’Itombwe, Walese Vonkutu, Andissoma Main Enhance peaceful Reduce tensions Implicate Improve land Increase support Identify and objectives co-existence and through local actors in governance, of local, provincial implement peace collaboration, democratic an inclusive increase social and national solutions within increase dialogue, improve democratic cohesion and actors for the community support for the land governance, dialogue process community stabilization structures, reduce stabilization enhance to resolve local resilience process, improve land conflicts, process, improve transparency in conflicts through the functioning of enhance security land governance the exploitation of reintegration and government governance, and local mineral resources, socio-economic services, reinforce increase social governance, strengthen the recovery of youth, social cohesion cohesion, reduce reinforce social capacity of local promote gender and community SGBV cohesion and leaders and public equality, reduce resilience through community services, increase SGBV reintegration and resilience, reduce social cohesion, socio-economic SGBV reduce SGBV recovery Direct ± 54.000 ± 315.400 ± 3.500 ± 25.750 ± 1.500 ± 22.500 beneficiaries Budget (USD) 1.582.000 6.500.000 2.000.000 3.000.000 1.080.000 7.065.000 *On 4 October 2017 the National Funding Board approved an additional funding envelop of 5-7 million USD for the Beni territory (North Kivu).