Secretary-General-Boutros-Boutros

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Secretary-General-Boutros-Boutros Summary of AG-028 Secretary-General Boutros Boutros Ghali (1992-1996) Title Secretary-General Boutros Boutros Ghali (1992-1996) Active Dates 1945-1997 Administrative History Boutros Boutros-Ghali became the sixth Secretary-General of the United Nations on 1 January 1992, when he began a five-year term. Mr. Boutros-Ghali was born in Cairo on 14 November 1922. Mr. Boutros-Ghali received a Ph.D. in international law from Paris University in 1949. Between 1949 and 1977, Mr. Boutros-Ghali was Professor of International Law and International Relations at Cairo University. From 1974 to 1977, he was a member of the Central Committee and Political Bureau of the Arab Socialist Union. He was a member of the International Law Commission from 1979 until 1991, and is a former member of the International Commission of Jurists. He became a member of the Egyptian Parliament in 1987 and was part of the secretariat of the National Democratic Party from 1980. Until assuming the office of Secretary-General of the United Nations, he was also Vice-President of the Socialist International. In September 1978, Mr. Boutros-Ghali attended the Camp David Summit Conference and had a role in negotiating the Camp David accords between Egypt and Israel, which were signed in 1979. He also headed Egypt's delegation to the General Assembly sessions in 1979, 1982 and 1990. Scope and Content Fonds consists of records of Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, relating to his responsibilities as chief administrative officer of the Secretariat and as chief coordinator of the legislative, political, socio-economic, and military bodies of the United Nations. Fonds is arranged in the following record series. S-1090 Secretary-General Personal S-1089 Adminsitration and Finance S-1088 Secretary-General's Activities S-1087 Press Matters and Public Relations S-1086 External Relations S-1085 Issues S-1084 Intergovernmental Programmes and Initiatives S-1083 Inter-Agency relations S-1082 Intra-Organisational Relations S-1081 UN-wide Policy Collection Inventory S-1081 Policy 1992-1995 Scope and Content Series contains correspondence, notes of meetings, memoranda, press releases, General Assembly announcements and agendas, and Security Council reports and resolutions documenting admission of new member states to the United Nations. Date Date Security Scanned Box Folder Title Created Closed Level Items S- Policy 03/01/1992 31/05/1995 1081- 0001 S-1081- Membership applications (1992) 03/01/1992 31/12/1992 Confidential No 0001-01 S-1081- Membership applications (1993) 30/07/1992 14/07/1993 Strictly No 0001-02 confidential S-1081- Membership applications (1994-1996) 10/11/1994 31/05/1995 Unclassified No 0001-03 S-1082 Secretariat Departments 1981-1997 Scope and Content Series contains records generated by the Executive Office of the Secretary-General (EOSG) that document the relations between EOSG and the following United Nations offices and organs: Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS), Office of Legal Affairs (OLA), Department of Political Affairs (DPA), Office of Disarmament Affairs (ODA), Department of Peace-keeping Operations (DPKO), Department of Economic and Social Development (DESD), Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), Department of Administration and Management (DAM), Department of Public Information (DPI), Department of Humanitarian Affairs (DHA) and International Court of Justice. Documents in this series pertain to matters which have come to the Secretary-General for action or which are the products of the Secretary-General's work or authority. Also contained are reports on activities and proceedings of the Security Council and records documenting informal consultations with the Security Council. Series consists of correspondence, reports of meetings, notes, memoranda, proposals, press releases and minutes of meetings. Note that the series contains closed files for the following departments and offices: Special Political Questions, Regional Cooperation, Decolonization and Trusteeship (SPQRDT), Office of Under-Secretary-General for Political and General Assembly Affairs (OPGS), Office for Research and the Collection of Information (ORCI) and Department of Political and Security Council Affairs (PSCA), whose functions were overtaken by the Department of Political Affairs (DPA). Also included are closed files for the Department of Economic and Social Development (DESD), which was renamed Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA). DESA overtook the functions of the Department of International and Economic and Social Affairs (DIESA), the Department of Technical Cooperation for Development (TCD) and the Development and International Economic Cooperation (DIEC), which were agencies of DESD. Date Date Security Scanned Box Folder Title Created Closed Level Items S- Secretariat Departments 02/07/1992 14/03/1996 1082- 0001 S-1082- Executive Office of the Secretary-General 04/04/1994 23/12/1994 Confidential No 0001-01 (EOSG) S-1082- Executive Office of the Secretary-General 07/12/1993 04/04/1994 Strictly No 0001-02 (EOSG) confidential S-1082- Executive Office of the Secretary-General 18/03/1994 19/12/1994 Unclassified No 0001-03 (EOSG) - requests for talking points S-1082- Executive Office of the Secretary-General 23/12/1992 13/12/1993 Unclassified No 0001-04 (EOSG) - requests for talking points S-1082- Executive Office of the Secretary-General 02/07/1992 23/12/1994 Confidential No 0001-05 (EOSG) - protocol S-1082- Executive Office of the Secretary-General 11/04/1994 23/02/1995 Unclassified No 0001-06 (EOSG) - Secretary-General's annual report (49th) S-1082- Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) 13/06/1994 10/01/1995 Confidential No 0001-07 S-1082- Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) - 17/08/1993 28/09/1994 Confidential No 0001-08 Assistant Secretary-General for Inspections and Investigations S-1082- Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) - 14/05/1993 14/03/1996 Strictly No 0001-09 Skylink investigation confidential S- Secretariat Departments 06/07/1993 17/02/1995 1082- 0002 S-1082- Office of Legal Affairs (OLA) 04/05/1994 17/02/1995 Strictly No 0002-01 confidential S-1082- Office of Legal Affairs (OLA) 30/12/1993 29/04/1994 Strictly No 0002-02 confidential S-1082- Office of Legal Affairs (OLA) - Office for 03/06/1994 10/02/1995 Strictly No 0002-03 Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea confidential S-1082- Office of Legal Affairs (OLA) - Office for 06/07/1993 28/04/1994 Confidential No 0002-04 Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea S-1082- Department of Political Affairs (DPA) 20/09/1994 30/12/1994 Strictly No 0002-05 confidential S-1082- Department of Political Affairs (DPA) 01/06/1994 14/09/1994 Strictly No 0002-06 confidential S-1082- Department of Political Affairs (DPA) 06/01/1994 31/05/1994 Strictly No 0002-07 confidential S- Secretariat Departments 22/12/1993 28/09/1995 1082- 0003 S-1082- Department of Political Affairs (DPA) - 49th 21/03/1994 28/09/1995 Unclassified No 0003-01 Session of the General Assembly S-1082- Department of Peace-keeping Operations 02/11/1994 01/12/1994 Strictly No 0003-02 (DPKO) confidential S-1082- Department of Peace-keeping Operations 27/07/1994 31/10/1994 Strictly No 0003-03 (DPKO) confidential S-1082- Department of Peace-keeping Operations 19/05/1994 31/07/1994 Unclassified No 0003-04 (DPKO) S-1082- Department of Peace-keeping Operations 29/03/1994 17/05/1994 Confidential No 0003-05 (DPKO) S-1082- Department of Peace-keeping Operations 01/03/1994 29/03/1994 Strictly No 0003-06 (DPKO) confidential S-1082- Department of Peace-keeping Operations 22/12/1993 28/02/1994 Strictly No 0003-07 (DPKO) confidential S- Secretariat Departments 07/01/1992 24/01/1995 1082- 0004 S-1082- Department of Peace-keeping Operations 15/05/1992 20/12/1994 Confidential No 0004-01 (DPKO) - established missions - United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) S-1082- Department of Economic and Social Affairs 14/01/1994 29/12/1994 Unclassified No 0004-02 (DESA) - ECOSOC relations - Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) S-1082- Department of Administration and 05/04/1994 28/11/1994 Confidential No 0004-03 Management (DAM) - Office of Programme Planning, Budget and Finance (OPPBF) - controller S-1082- Department of Administration and 30/12/1993 28/03/1994 Unclassified No 0004-04 Management (DAM) - Office of Programme Planning, Budget and Finance (OPPBF) - controller S-1082- Department of Administration and 07/01/1992 29/12/1994 Confidential No 0004-05 Management (DAM) - Office of Programme Planning, Budget and Finance (OPPBF) - Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions S-1082- Department of Economic and Social Affairs 21/09/1993 24/01/1995 Unclassified No 0004-06 (DESA) - economic - Department of Policy Coordination and Sustainable Development (DPCSD) S-1082- Department of Economic and Social Affairs 04/12/1992 21/09/1993 Confidential No 0004-07 (DESA) - economic - Department of Policy Coordination and Sustainable Development (DPCSD) S-1082- Department of Economic and Social Affairs 31/03/1993 29/12/1994 Strictly No 0004-08 (DESA) - social - Department for Development confidential Support and Management Services (DDSMS) S-1082- Department of Economic and Social Affairs 04/12/1992 30/09/1993 Confidential No 0004-09 (DESA) - social - Department for Development Support and Management Services (DDSMS) S- Secretariat Departments 04/03/1992 20/01/1995 1082- 0005 S-1082- Department of Economic and Social Affairs 29/06/1994 20/01/1995 Confidential No 0005-01 (DESA) - economic - Agenda for Development S-1082-
Recommended publications
  • Threats to the Kujataa UNESCO World Heritage Site
    Threats to the Kujataa UNESCO World Heritage Site Niels Henrik Hooge, NOAH Friends of the Earth Denmark’s Uranium Group 9th International NGO Forum on World Heritage | 24 February 2021 The site • One of three WHS in Greenland. • Inscribed on UNESCO’s world heritage list in 2017 under Criterion V in the WH Convention as “an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is representative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change”. • It comprises a sub-arctic farming landscape consisting of five components representing key elements of the Norse Greenlandic and modern Inuit farming cultures. They are both distinct and both pastoral farming cultures located on the climatic edges of viable agriculture, depending on a combination of farming, pastoralism and marine mammal hunting. • It is the earliest introduction of farming to the Arctic. • Source: UNESCO, Kujataa Greenland: Norse and Inuit Farming at the Edge of the Ice Cap (2017), https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1536/ Threats to the Kujataa UNESCO World Heritage Site 2 The site Source: UNESCO World Heritage Centre Threats to the Kujataa UNESCO World Heritage Site 3 The site Kujataa Greenland: Norse and Inuit Farming at the Edge of the Ice Cap. Photo: Kommune Kujalleq, Birger Lilja Kristoffersen Threats to the Kujataa UNESCO World Heritage Site 4 General concerns • Still less respect for environmental protection in Greenland • Greenland has some of the largest undiscovered oil and gas resources and some of the largest mineral resources in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • A Short History of Poland and Lithuania
    A Short History of Poland and Lithuania Chapter 1. The Origin of the Polish Nation.................................3 Chapter 2. The Piast Dynasty...................................................4 Chapter 3. Lithuania until the Union with Poland.........................7 Chapter 4. The Personal Union of Poland and Lithuania under the Jagiellon Dynasty. ..................................................8 Chapter 5. The Full Union of Poland and Lithuania. ................... 11 Chapter 6. The Decline of Poland-Lithuania.............................. 13 Chapter 7. The Partitions of Poland-Lithuania : The Napoleonic Interlude............................................................. 16 Chapter 8. Divided Poland-Lithuania in the 19th Century. .......... 18 Chapter 9. The Early 20th Century : The First World War and The Revival of Poland and Lithuania. ............................. 21 Chapter 10. Independent Poland and Lithuania between the bTwo World Wars.......................................................... 25 Chapter 11. The Second World War. ......................................... 28 Appendix. Some Population Statistics..................................... 33 Map 1: Early Times ......................................................... 35 Map 2: Poland Lithuania in the 15th Century........................ 36 Map 3: The Partitions of Poland-Lithuania ........................... 38 Map 4: Modern North-east Europe ..................................... 40 1 Foreword. Poland and Lithuania have been linked together in this history because
    [Show full text]
  • Statement by FAO, ILO, UNESCO, UNIDO and WHO to the ECOSOC
    Statement by FAO, ILO, UNESCO, UNIDO and WHO to the ECOSOC informal session of the ECOSOC Dialogue on the longer-term positioning of the UN Development System 1st July 2016 Check against delivery Mr Vice President, distinguished delegates, Thank you for the opportunity to express our views in this informal session. I am pleased to speak on behalf of the following group of UN specialized agencies: the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the International Labour Organization (ILO), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Our agencies are active members in the United Nations Development Group (UNDG) and have participated with great interest and commitment in the UNDG discussions in relation to the ECOSOC Dialogue on the longer-term positioning of the United Nations Development System. As we approach the end of the ECOSOC Dialogue and the beginning of the QCPR negotiations, specialized agencies would like to reiterate our strong commitment to a UNDS that works together in a coherent, efficient and integrated manner to support the needs of Member States. Our agencies have understood very well the message that “business as usual is not an option” and have been working within our individual governance structures to ensure that our memberships are informed and consulted on the implications of the 2030 Agenda and challenges ahead for the UNDS. As mandated by our Governing Bodies, we have already taken measures to mainstream the SDGs in our respective programmes and budgets and to maximize our contribution to the delivery of the 2030 Agenda.
    [Show full text]
  • Every Child Learns
    GOAL AREA 2 Every child learns Global Annual Results Report 2020 Cover image: © UNICEF/UNI366076/Bos Expression of thanks: © UNICEF/UN073783/Al-Issa Children learn on tablets in a new classroom in Tamantay, a village Somar, 8 years old from Syria, living with Down’s syndrome, in Kassala State, Sudan, on their first day of e-learning through the dreams of becoming a violinist and a professional swimmer. Can’t Wait to Learn programme. Expression of thanks The year 2020 was truly unprecedented for children around the world. The commitment of UNICEF’s resource partners allowed millions of children to continue to learn, grow and develop with the support of UNICEF programming. UNICEF funds come entirely from voluntary contributions. We take this opportunity to thank the millions of people, including our government partners, civil society and the private sector, who contributed to UNICEF’s funds this year. Without your support, our work would not have been possible. Your contributions have a wide impact and allow us to deliver on our mandate to advocate for the protection of children’s rights, to help meet their basic needs, and to expand their opportunities to reach their full potential. We also extend special and warm thanks to our partners who contributed to UNICEF’s thematic funding. Thematic funding was critical this year and will continue to be an essential tool that allows UNICEF the flexibility and predictability to deliver technical, operational and programming support to children across the world. By entrusting us with this funding, you have made many of the results in this report possible and have furthered our mandate to reach the most vulnerable children.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nordic Countries and the European Security and Defence Policy
    bailes_hb.qxd 21/3/06 2:14 pm Page 1 Alyson J. K. Bailes (United Kingdom) is A special feature of Europe’s Nordic region the Director of SIPRI. She has served in the is that only one of its states has joined both British Diplomatic Service, most recently as the European Union and NATO. Nordic British Ambassador to Finland. She spent countries also share a certain distrust of several periods on detachment outside the B Recent and forthcoming SIPRI books from Oxford University Press A approaches to security that rely too much service, including two academic sabbaticals, A N on force or that may disrupt the logic and I a two-year period with the British Ministry of D SIPRI Yearbook 2005: L liberties of civil society. Impacting on this Defence, and assignments to the European E Armaments, Disarmament and International Security S environment, the EU’s decision in 1999 to S Union and the Western European Union. U THE NORDIC develop its own military capacities for crisis , She has published extensively in international N Budgeting for the Military Sector in Africa: H management—taken together with other journals on politico-military affairs, European D The Processes and Mechanisms of Control E integration and Central European affairs as E ongoing shifts in Western security agendas Edited by Wuyi Omitoogun and Eboe Hutchful R L and in USA–Europe relations—has created well as on Chinese foreign policy. Her most O I COUNTRIES AND U complex challenges for Nordic policy recent SIPRI publication is The European Europe and Iran: Perspectives on Non-proliferation L S Security Strategy: An Evolutionary History, Edited by Shannon N.
    [Show full text]
  • Part 2: Reform of the United Nations
    Part 2 Reform of the United Nations Reform of the United Nations During 1999, UN Secretary General Annan continued to move forward with his program of administrative and budgetary reforms. The 2000– 2001 UN budget came in at virtually the same level as the initial budget approved for the previous biennium, 1998–1999; administrative overhead costs were steadily reduced; and the Office of Internal Oversight Services identified millions of dollars in cost savings. Many of the Secretary General’s “Track One” and “Track Two” reforms were implemented, improving the efficiency of UN activities in the areas of development, humanitarian relief, human rights, and peace- keeping. By the end of 1999, however, the General Assembly had not yet acted on some other recommendations put forward by the Secretary Gen- eral that are priorities for the United States: results–based budgeting, which uses performance indicators to assess progress toward specific objectives, and sunset provisions for new UN programs. The United States continues to press for implementation of these measures. Apart from these efforts, discussions continued on reforming peace- keeping operations and possibly expanding the Security Council to 20 or 21 members, including permanent seats for Germany and Japan. Secretary General’s Reform Initiatives UN Secretary General Kofi Annan incorporated many U.S. ideas on improving UN economic and social institutions, activities, and programs into his two 1997 reform packages (“Track One” and “Track Two” reforms). The United States worked to generate member state support for their prompt implementation. In December 1997, the General Assembly adopted the Track One measures and most of the Track Two recommenda- tions by consensus.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary of AG-021 United Nations Department of Political Affairs (1992-Present)
    Summary of AG-021 United Nations Department of Political Affairs (1992-present) Title United Nations Department of Political Affairs (1992-present) Active Dates 1914-2009 Administrative History The Secretary-General, in a February 1992 note (A/46/882) announced a number of changes related to the restructuring of the United Nations Secretariat, with effect from 1 March 1992. He stated that the changes in the departments and top echelon of the Secretariat were intended to consolidate and streamline the Organization's activities into well-defined functional categories. The main aspects of the restructuring included the establishment of the Department of Political Affairs headed by two Under-Secretaries-General (USGs) with clearly defined geographical responsibilities and functions. The new Department of Political Affairs incorporates the activities of the former Office for Political and General Assembly Affairs and Secretariat Services; Office for Research and the Collection of Information; Department of Political and Security Council Affairs; Department for Special Political Questions, Regional Cooperation, Decolonization and Trusteeship; and the Department of Disarmament Affairs. The Under-Secretaries-General for 1992 was James O.C. Jonah and Vladimir F. Petrovsky, and for 1993 was Marrack Goulding and James O. C. Jonah. The Under-Secretary-General for 1994-1996 was Marrack I. Goulding, followed by Kieran Prendergast (1997-2005), Ibrahim Gambari (2005-2006), and B. Lynn Pascoe (2007-present). Disarmament Affairs was under the mandate of DPA for the span of 1992-1997. Office of Disarmament Affairs (1992-1993) - The Office of Disarmament Affairs was a part of the Department of Political Affairs from 1992 until 1993, and then was renamed the Centre for Disarmament Affairs.
    [Show full text]
  • History-Writing and Nation-Building in Nasser's Egypt Mona Arif
    Shorofat 1 Constructing the National Past: History-Writing and Nation-Building in Nasser’s Egypt Mona Arif is a scholarly refereed series specialized in humanities and social sciences, Shorofat 1 and issued by the Futuristic Studies Unit, Strategic Studies Program at the Bibliotheca Alexandrina. Board Chair Mostafa El Feki Editor-in-Chief Khaled Azab Shorofat 1 Editors Omneya El Gamil Aia Radwan Language Revision Perihan Fahmy Graphic Design Mohamed Shaarawy Constructing the National Past History-Writing and Nation-Building in Nasser’s Egypt Mona Arif The views in Shorofat represent the views of the author, not those of the Bibliotheca Alexandrina. Futuristic Studies Unit Bibliotheca Alexandrina Shorofat 1 Constructing the National Past: History-Writing and Nation-Building in Nasser’s Egypt Bibliotheca Alexandrina Cataloging-in-Publication Data Arif, Mona. Constructing the national past history-writing and nation-building in Nasser’s Egypt / Mona Arif. – Alexandria, Egypt : Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Futuristic Studies Unit, 2017. Pages ; cm. (Shorofat ; 1) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 9782-448-452-977- 1. Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 19182 .1970-. Egypt -- History -- 19521970-. I. Futuristic Studies Unit (Bibliotheca Alexandrina) II. Title. II. Series. 962.053--dc23 2017853316 ISBN: 978-977-452-448-2 Dar El-Kuttub Depository No.: 20671/2017 © 2017 Bibliotheca Alexandrina. All rights reserved. COMMERCIAL REPRODUCTION Reproduction of multiple copies of materials in this publication, in whole or in part, for the purposes of commercial redistribution is prohibited except with written permission from the Bibliotheca Alexandrina. To obtain permission to reproduce materials in this publication for commercial purposes, please contact the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, P.O. Box 138, Chatby 21526, Alexandria, Egypt.
    [Show full text]
  • Lithuania Country Chapter
    EU Coalition Explorer Results of the EU28 Survey on coalition building in the European Union an initiative of Results for Lithuania © ECFR May 2017 Design Findings Chapters Preferences Influence Partners Policies ecfr.eu/eucoalitionexplorer Findings Lithuania Coalition Potential Preferences Policies Ranks 1 to 14 Top 3 for LT Ranks 15 to 28 Lithuania ranks overall #21 at Preferences Lithuania ranks #11 at ‘More Europe’ Top 3 for LT 1. Latvia 2. Estonia Country Findings 1. Latvia #11 3. CZ EL AT Austria #19 Q1 Most Contacted 2. Estonia Q14 Deeper Integration BE Belgium 3. Poland BG Bulgaria 1. Latvia Q16 Expert View Level of Decision-Making Q17 Public View HR Croatia #22 Q2 Shared Interests 2. Poland 3. Sweden CY Cyprus 63% 52% All EU member states 50% 46% CZ Czech Rep. 1. Latvia 13% 19% Legally bound core 14% 18% DK Denmark #22 Q3 Most Responsive 2. Sweden 17% 15% Coalition of states 14% 21% EE Estonia 3. Slovenia 7% 8% Only national level 22% 15% FI Finland LT EU EU LT FR France DE Germany EL Greece HU Hungary Partners Networks IE Ireland Lithuania ranks overall #20 at Partners Voting for IT Italy Top 3 for LT Latvia LV Lithuania Latvia 1. Latvia Top 8 for LT LT Lithuania #19 Q10 Foreign and Development Policy 2. Poland Poland LU Luxembourg 3. Sweden MT Malta Estonia 1. Latvia NL Netherlands #12 Q11 Security and Defense Policy 2. HR RO PL Poland 3. DK PL SE Sweden PT Portugal LT 1. Estonia RO Romania #21 Q12 Economic and Social Policy 2.
    [Show full text]
  • The International Labour Organization and the Quest for Social Justice, 1919–2009
    The International Labour Organization and the quest for social justice, 1919–2009 The International Labour Organization and the quest for social justice, 1919–2009 Gerry Rodgers, Eddy Lee, Lee Swepston and Jasmien Van Daele INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE GENEVA Copyright © International Labour Organization 2009 First published in paperback in 2009 by the International Labour Office, CH-1211, Geneva 22, Switzerland First published in hardback in 2009 by Cornell University Press, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States (available for sale in North America only) Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copy- right Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with reproduction rights organizations may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. The International Labour Organization and the quest for social justice, 1919–2009 Gerry Rodgers, Eddy Lee, Lee Swepston and Jasmien Van Daele International Labour Office. – Geneva: ILO, 2009 ISBN 978-92-2-121955-2 (paperback) ILO / role of ILO / ILO standard setting / tripartism / workers rights / quality of working life / social security / promotion of employment / poverty alleviation / decent work / history / trend 01.03.7 Also available in hardback: The International Labour Organization and the quest for social justice, 1919–2009 (ISBN 978-0-8014-4849-2), Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Lithuanian Economic Review
    Lithuanian Economic Review 2019 MARCH 1 LITHUANIAN ECONOMIC REVIEW ISSN 2029-8471 (online) MARCH 2019 The Lithuanian Economic Review analyses the developments of the real sector, prices, public finance and credit in Lithuania, as well as the projected development of the domestic economy. The material presented in the review is the result of statistical data analysis, modelling and expert assessment. The review is prepared by the Bank of Lithuania. The cut-off date for the data used in the Lithuanian Economic Review was 1 March 2019. The Bank of Lithuania macroeconomic projections are based on external assumptions, constructed using information made available by 12 February 2019, and other information made available by 1 March 2019. Reproduction for educational and non-commercial purposes is permitted provided that the source is acknowledged. © Lietuvos bankas Gedimino pr. 6, LT-01103 Vilnius www.lb.lt 2 CONTENTS LITHUANIA’S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND OUTLOOK ........................................................... 6 I. INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT........................................................................................... 9 Box 1. Potential impact of the US tariffs on car imports from the EU on the Lithuanian economy ......................................................................................................................... 12 II. MONETARY POLICY OF THE EUROSYSTEM .......................................................................... 14 III. REAL SECTOR ................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Playing with Fire. the Muslim Brotherhood and the Egyptian
    Playing with Fire.The Muslim Brotherhood and the Egyptian Leviathan Daniela Pioppi After the fall of Mubarak, the Muslim Brotherhood (MB) decided to act as a stabilising force, to abandon the street and to lend democratic legiti- macy to the political process designed by the army. The outcome of this strategy was that the MB was first ‘burned’ politically and then harshly repressed after having exhausted its stabilising role. The main mistakes the Brothers made were, first, to turn their back on several opportunities to spearhead the revolt by leading popular forces and, second, to keep their strategy for change gradualist and conservative, seeking compromises with parts of the former regime even though the turmoil and expectations in the country required a much bolder strategy. Keywords: Egypt, Muslim Brotherhood, Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, Arab Spring This article aims to analyse and evaluate the post-Mubarak politics of the Muslim Brotherhood (MB) in an attempt to explain its swift political parable from the heights of power to one of the worst waves of repression in the movement’s history. In order to do so, the analysis will start with the period before the ‘25th of January Revolution’. This is because current events cannot be correctly under- stood without moving beyond formal politics to the structural evolution of the Egyptian system of power before and after the 2011 uprising. In the second and third parts of this article, Egypt’s still unfinished ‘post-revolutionary’ political tran- sition is then examined. It is divided into two parts: 1) the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF)-led phase from February 2011 up to the presidential elections in summer 2012; and 2) the MB-led phase that ended with the military takeover in July 2013 and the ensuing violent crackdown on the Brotherhood.
    [Show full text]