Proceedings of the
8th World Conference on Timber Engineering
WCTE 2004
Volume I: Presentations held on Monday Volume II: Presentations held on Tuesday and Thursday Volume III: Presentation held on Wednesday and all posters
Lahti, Finland June 14-17, 2004
Local Organisers
Finnish Association of Civil Engineers RIL VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Wood Focus t i i 1 i TIB/UB Hannover 89 130 242 667
ISSN 0356-9403 ISBN951-758-444-X Keynotes
Indoor air quality in a wooden house T. Ojanen, M. Salonvaara and C. Simonson, FINLAND /
The Sibelius Hall - architecture and engineering K. Lintula, H. TikkaandM. Kairi, FINLAND 7
Modern Finnish wooden town
J. Koiso-Kanttila, FINLAND 13
Acoustics considerations in the construction of Sibelius Hall C.Storch, USA 19
Wood in architecture
Lukas Lang adaptable modular architecture J. Prutscher, AUSTRIA 27
In search of urban log architecture J. Heikkila, FINLAND 33
New Zealand timber architecture G.Loehlein, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 39
"Trabocchi": A sustainable technology for marine environment D. Radogna andM. Forlani, ITALY 45
The Winter Gardens, Sheffield, UK R. Hennessy and R. Harris, UNITED KINGDOM. 51
The surface properties of aspen timber, an architectural approach H. Metsala, FINLAND 57
Openings in a log wall, the significance of construction techniques to architecture J. Jokelainen, FINLAND 63
An overview ofwood construction in China W.Liu and H. Yang, CHINA 69
Tectonic studies on wooden arched bridge and wooden drum tower, as the cases of span and height in Chinese wooden structure tradition C. Zhao and J. Feng, CHINA 75
The durability of wood as a building material: a historical perspective K. Larsen, NORWAY. 83
Authenticity and change, Renovation of old Karelian wooden villages - case Kinnermaki K. Niskasaari, FINLAND 89 Design consequences of sustainable building and forestry in Australia G. Nolan, AUSTRALIA 95
Why wood is excellent for interior designing ? From vision physical point of view M. Masvda, JAPAN. 101
Structural correlations between Dong Race architectures in China and Japanese 'Nuki' construction Y. Kataoka, K. Komatsu andA. Kitamori, JAPAN 107
Case study: Bioclimatic house in Cantercel M. Flach and C.Frenelte, AUSTRIA 113
Development oftimber framed structures in Germany from 1900 - 2004 S. Winter, GERMANY 119
Timber in the national Swiss Expo 02 J.-L. Sandoz, SWITZERLAND 125
Facade constructions of traditional residential architecture in the Turkish black sea region S. Cakir, TURKEY. 133
Talking, making & testing - Developing Australian timber design skill G. Nolan & al, AUSTRALIA 139
What is the intangible heritage in traditional Finnish wooden buildings? A. Laurila, FINLAND 143
Conceptual and structural design of modern wood church J. Kanocz, SLOVAKIA 149
The "Trabocchi": Experimental tests and mathematical models A. Viskovic, V. Sepe and P. Carusi, ITALY. 153
Grounds of good neighborhood - structured inquiry research in Finnish wooden towns R.Suikkari, FINLAND 157
Wooden image in interior colourings - the Finnish post-war home A. Herneoja, FINLAND 163
Residential timber framing as a "value-added" approach to private non-industrial forest ownership J. Peters P. Clouston and D. USA 167 , Damery,
Wood pavilion R. Mello and J. Melo, BRAZIL 171
Gateway Niagara reception centre: A successful integration of wood and engineered wood products in non-residential construction B. Hockey, G. Williams and P. Quenneville, CANADA 175 Design methods and standards
Interacting bending moment and axial force on sawn timber beams R. Steiger, SWITZERLAND 179
Testing of traditional connections in green oak carpentry J. Shanks and P. Walker, UNITED KINGDOM 183
Timber building systems and production methods
New post & beam method - from concept to implementation W. Lee andN Ando, JAPAN. 187
Relations within a system - Installing a prefabricated house A. Falk, SWEDEN 191
Rationalized manufacture of structural wood components N Riither and J. Herlyn, GERMANY. 195
Experimental development of light, temporary structures C. Sigrist, SWITZERLAND 199
Constructive systems using eucalyptus logs for ecological parks in central Brazil R. Mello and J. Melo, BRAZIL 203
The in-filled wattle and daub walls within chuan-dou timber frames ofTaiwan /. Tsai and M. Hsu, TAIWAN 207
Suitability of fingerjoined lumber used in parallel-chord wood trusses R. Desjardins, J. Grandmont and P. Laliberte, CANADA 211
In the research & development project on timber-based hybrid building structures S. Miyamoto, N. Yamaguchi andK. Miyazawa, JAPAN 219
Roof constructions of the sport centre in Samobor V. Rajcic, V. KazicandE. Smit, CROATIA 229
Utilizing 3D-computer visualization for communicating aesthetics of long-span timber structures H.Janols and L. Stehn, SWEDEN 223
Glue-laminated structures
High quality beech glulam P.BeckerandJ.Ressel, GERMANY. 227 Performance of shear walls
Study on lateral strength of wooden frame structures T. Hirasaka, JAPAN. 231
Effect ofoverdriven-nail-depth combinations on wood shear wall strength F. Fonseca and J. Judd, USA 235
Implementation of an oriented sheathing-to-framing connector model into CASHEW F. Fonseca and J. Judd, USA 239
Effect of wood density on structural performance of shear walls for post and beam construction M. Okabe & al, JAPAN 243
Viscoelastic polymer hold down device for wood shear walls D. Dinehart & al, USA 247
Design lateral resistance of rows of anchor-bolt joints T. Hirai&al, JAPAN 251
Evaluation of shear performance of earth-wall as a structural element in Japanese traditional timber structure A. Tabuchi and K. Komatsu, JAPAN 255
Deflections of nailed shearwalls and diaphragms C. Ni and E. Karacabeyli, CANADA 259
Stiffness and energy degradation of walls constructed with green wood D. Dinehart, H. Shenton and S. Carlson, USA 263
Tests and modelling of strength and stiffness in high performance structural timber wall elements J. Vessby, SWEDEN 267
Connections
Nailed connections between Pinus Pinaster Ait. members J. Branco and P. Cruz, PORTUGAL 271
Capacity predictions for one and two-row bolted timber connections M. Reid, J. Shin and P. Quenneville, CANADA 275
Nailed timber joints with a thick interlayer H. Johnsson, E. Lukascewska and L. Stehn, SWEDEN 281
Deformation behaviour of double-sided metal nail plate timber joints T. Zhou & al, UNITED KINGDOM 285 Viscoelastic polymers improve cyclic performance of wood connections D. Dinehart, D. Joye, andE. Mendoza, USA 289
Dowel connections: a general design equation J L. Fernandez Cabo, SPAIN 293
Reinforcement of timber joints using wooden dowels and adhesive K Hwang, M. Kitagawa and K Komatsu, JAPAN 297
Design method ofthe knee joints using adhesive for the wooden portal frame structures M. Noguchi and K. Komatsu, JAPAN 301
Experimental shear-friction tests on dowel type fastener timber-concrete joints A. Diets & al, PORTUGAL 305
Double shear test of bolt joint with steel plate M. Tanaka and K. Miyazawa, JAPAN 309
Priority offactors to decide the splitting strength of bolted timber joints K. Aoki and T. Tsuchimoto, JAPAN 313
Experimental test ofthe glued bolt joint using threaded steel bars V. Rajcic, A. Bjelanovic andM. Rak, CROATIA 317
Development of plastic theory for Malaysian timber nailed joints M. JumaatandB. Murty, MALAYSIA 321
Moment resisting performance of connection between reinforced concrete and timber M. Inoue & al, JAPAN 327
Development of connecting method for natural round bamboo M. Inoue & al, JAPAN 331
Development of a new jointing system for post and beam construction P. Rodd and D.Pope, UNITED KINGDOM. 335
Fatigue behaviour of lagscrewbolted timber joints M. Gong, K. Komatsu andM. Nakatani, JAPAN. 339
Performance of composite structures
Flexural properties of steel and FRP reinforced LVL composites P. Alam, M. Ansell and D. Smedley, UNITED KINGDOM 343
Fatigue and cyclic loading of moment-resisting structures connected using glued-in GFRP rods M. Madhoushi and M. Ansell, IRAN/ UNITED KINGDOM. 347 Effect of metal plate connected joints on strength properties of rubberwood laminated veneer lumber
D. Yeoh&al, MALAYSIA 353
Mechanical tests on wood specimens connected by metal plates V. Corinaldesi, A. Dentamaro andG. Moriconi, ITALY 357
FRP reinforced nailed plywood box beam G. Slamalo&al, BRAZIL 361
Binder-less insulation panel made of wood shavings for wooden frame houses N. Sekino and Y. Kawamura, JAPAN. 365
Rigidity of nailed plywood box beams knee joint G. StamatoandC. CalilJr, BRAZIL 369
Possible ways of taking over perpendicular stresses M. Haiman, CROATIA 373
Wood stressed-skin floor systems — investigation on stress and load distribution C. Gerber.K. Crews and C. Sigrist, AUSTRALIA 377
Multi scale behaviour of a composite floor in static and cyclic loadings E. FournelyandP. Racher, FRANCE 383
'Presol© Floor', a mixed section floor, gluelam-concrete, for seismic use R. Montagna & al, ITALY 389
Shear stress analysis in stress-laminated decks A. Mokotemapa, M. Salomon and O. Ayina, CAMEROON 393
Bridges
The first stress-laminated timber bridge in brazil T. Fernandes da Fonte andC. CalilJr, BRAZIL 397
Orthotopic stress-laminated truss plate for timber bridges construction A. Cheung and C. Calii Jr, BRAZIL 401
Construction of Brazil's first cable stayed stress-laminated timber footbridge E. Pletz & al, BRAZIL 405
Numerical simulation of a cable-stayed footbridge based on a calibrated numerical finite element model E. Pletz &al, BRAZIL 409
Reinforcement of glued laminated timber beams by CFRP and its application to bridges H.Hirasawa & al, JAPAN 413 Loading tests oftwo log beams for road bridges H. Watanabe andK. Komatsu, JAPAN 417
Experimental calibration of rigidity parameters in stress-laminated decks M. Giuliano, P. Dechent and P. Cendoya, CHILE 421
The first composed log-concrete deck bridge in Brazil J. Pigozzo, C. CalilJr and F. Lahr, BRAZIL 425
Timber road bridge built using sugi glulam with a low specific gravity Y. Iimura&al, JAPAN 429
Seismic performance of timber buildings
The tube connection in seismic active areas A. Leijten & al, THE NETHERLANDS 433
Towards damage-limiting seismic design of wood shearwalls J. van de Lindt, USA 437
Evaluation of seismic performance of timber structures with shear walls by pseudo-dynamic tests M. Yasumura, JAPAN 441
Earthquake resistant capacity and elasto-plastic dynamic collapse behaviors of timber shear walls K. Ishikawa, JAPAN. 445
Development of response control techniques for timber frame structures Y. Wakashima & al, JAPAN. 449
Seismic performance of Japanese wooden pagodas A. Uchida & al, JAPAN 453
Development of dampers for response controlled wooden houses S. Sonoda & al, JAPAN. 457
A study on microtremor measurements of timber structure on Japanese traditional dwelling houses KKohara&al, JAPAN. 461
Evaluation of seismic performance based on statistical research for actual wooden dwelling houses in Japan M. Agawa and K.Miyazawa, JAPAN 465
Full-scale shaking table tests of two-storey wooden dwelling houses in Japan KMiyazawa, A. Nishimura and S. Miyamoto, JAPAN 469 Fire resistance of timber buildings
Fire performance of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) W. Lane, A. Buchanan and P. Moss, NEW ZEALAND 473
National fire regulations limit the use of wood in buildings B. Ostman, SWEDEN 479
Notional versus one-dimensional charring rates of timber J. Konig, SWEDEN 483
A feasibility study of multi-storey timber-based construction with fire protection systems //. Isoda & al, JAPAN 487
Acoustics and vibration of timber buildings
Relevant physical acoustics characteristics of spruce wood as a material for musical instruments A. Danihelova, SLOVAKIA 491
Effectiveness of increase in sub-floor thickness on improving vibrational serviceability of wood-based floors I, HuandY. Chtii, CANADA 495
Influence of betwecn-joist bracing elements on static deflection and frequency response of a joistcd wood floor A. Khokhar & al, CANADA 499
Study of structure-borne sound through different types of junctions A. Bolmsvik, P. Hammer and T. Alsmarker, SWEDEN 503
Structural characteristics of wooden floating floor and wooden floor ,/. Nam and N. Ando, JAPAN 507
Enviromental aspect
Study of habitations commercialized in Sao Paulo-Brazil: Impacts in the environment R. Bitlencvurt, BRAZIL ,...513
Development of new recycle system of used lumber from dismantled wooden house K. Tanaka&al, JAPAN 517
Sustainable developments in timber frame construction R. Ilair stuns, A Kennani and R, Lawson, UNITED KINGDOM 521
Building physics
Influence of lime and moisture on distortion of partition walls M. lUickslrom and R. Kiiger, SWEDEN 525 Moisture transfer interaction between wood products and indoor air S. Koponen, FINLAND 529
Capillary water up-take of external wooden panels H. Tyrvainen, FINLAND 533
Comparison of condensation risk calculations in wooden framework constructions by two different methods O. Belindzeva-Korkla, A. Kreslins and A. Borodinecs, LATVIA 537
Experiments, loads and dynamic actions
Monitoring wind load paths in a wood light-frame house G.Doudak&al, CANADA 541
The effects of the combination of three dimensional input motions on the collapsing process of wooden conventional houses - shaking table tests of real-size models M, Koshihara& al, JAPAN 545
Timber frame and structural insulated panel building design concepts D. Carradine, F. WoesleandJ. Dolan, USA 549
Calculation of the response of historical framed walls in South Balkan N. IJatzilrifon, GREECE 553
Fatigue in wood under pulsating multiaxial-combined loading I M, Yatnasaki and Y. Sasaki, JAPAN ..,557
Fatigue in wood under pulsating multiaxial-combined loading II Y. Sasaki and M. Yamasaki, JAPAN 561
Automatic software for deciding characteristics of load-displacement curves M.Karube, JAPAN. 565
I Method for modelling dynamic response of timber frame building B. Dujic and R. Zarnic, SLOVENIA 569
Durability and renovation
Investigation of wood roof trusses: Chicago schools 1890 - 1929 C. Perry, USA 573
Visual assessment of the deterioration and structural conditions I of timber members used in a beach chalet in Malaysia A.R. Malek, M. ShukariandS. Lim, MALAYSIA 577
Aging process influence upon the wood composite structure and features II Pokrovskaja, T. Beltsova and I. Koteneva, RUSSIA 583 Material properties and quality
Sample size effects in engineering predictions of wood strength L. Ozola, LATVIA 587
Free cupping of cladding boards caused by capillary penetration: an experimental study of untreated and heat-treated boards J. Virta, FINLAND 591
The effect of compression wood on timber quality T. Reynolds, G. Moore and V. Enjily, UNITED KINGDOM 595
Influence of compression wood on MOE and MOR M. Johansson and M. Warensjo, SWEDEN 599
Strength and stiffness evaluation of Eucalyptus citriodora piles in Brazil 603 A. Mind , A. DiasandC. CalilJr., BRAZIL
Investigations on the influence of the key parameters affecting the finger-jointing process C. Bustos & al, C1I1LE 607
On the compressive strength of timber in bending M. Brunner, SWITZERLAND 611
Effect of knots on shear strength of Douglas-fir using shear blocks
R. Gupta, C. BastaandS. Kent, USA , , 615
Effect of a longitudinal crack on the strength properties of a wooden beam IX Ouis, SWEDEN 619
Creep and duration of load properties
Long term creep and creep recovery of timber beams D. Pope and H. Abdul-Wahab, UNITED KINGDOM 623
Creep of various structural members in ambient conditions: estimation of deflections considering initial moisture content .S'. Aratake and T. Arima, JAPAN 627
Stress relaxation and failure behaviour under swelling and shrinkage loads in transverse directions .V, Koponen and J. Virta, FINLAND 631
Effect of duration of load on slip of connections and displacements of wall diaphragm in the wood-framed building C. Miedzialowski and M. Ma/esza, POLAND 635 Engineered wood products
A new OSB-product with high characteristic values to be used in constructions R. Katzengruber, G. Schickhofer and J. Koppelhuber, AUSTRIA 639
Wood panels with thin low buckling resistance sheeting M. Kessel andM. Sandau-Wietfeldt, GERMANY 643
Characteristic values of mechanical properties of radiata pine plywood F. ArriagaandF. Peraza, SPAIN 647
Research on manufacture and mechanical properties of binderless board from demolition wood M.Sato, JAPAN 651
Experimental characterisation of eucalyptus plywood according to EN789 D. Lopes and J, Faria, PORTUGAL 655
Manufacturing conditions for binderless boards from Kenaf core and their self-bonding mechanism N Okuda, K Hori and M. Sato, JAPAN 659
Flange width contribution to shear strength in engineered I-joists R. Brown and A. Kermani, UNITED KINGDOM 663
Education in timber engineering and construction
Teaching and research on wood at NTNU, Norway P. Uovde, NORWAY. 667
European timbcr-housc-expert (EU-Programme Leonardo-da-Vinci) H. Zeitter, GERMANY. 671
Grading and non-destructive testing
Strength grading of hardwoods K. FrilhwaldandG. Schickhofer, AUSTRIA 675
Non-destructive evaluation of Chinese Fir plantation wood strength Y. Yin &al, CHINA 681
Evaluation of load carrying capacity of old timber structures F, Arriaga and M, Esteban, SPAIN 685
Evaluation of structural safety for wooden cultural properties using NDT J Lee & al, KOREA 689
The quantitative criterion for evaluating wood decayed by brown rot fungi using NDE J Lee & al, KOREA 693 Application of drill resistance method on evaluating the compressive strength of wooden components K Tseng andM. Hsu, TAIWAN. 697
Estimation of modulus of wooden components by using non-destructive testing strategy P. Tsai, C. Chen, M. Hsu and Y. Yeh. TAIWAN 701
New technologies for wooden poles network asset management J.-L. Sandoz and Y. Benoit, SWITZERLAND 705