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Cohn TJ, Swanson DR, Fontana P. 2014 Dichopetala and New Related North American Genera: A Study in Genitalic Similarity in Sympatry and Genitalic Differences in Allopatry (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae: Odonturini) MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, NO. 203 DICHOPETALA AND NEW RELATED NORTH AMERICAN GENERA: A STUDY IN GENITALIC SIMILARITY IN SYMPATRY AND GENITALIC DIFFERENCES IN ALLOPATRY (TETTIGONIIDAE: PHANEROPTERINAE: ODONTURINI) THEODORE J. COHN1 University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 DANIEL R. SWANSON Department of Entomology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801 PAOLO FONTANA Fondazione Edmund Mach - Centro Trasferimento Tecnologico Unità operativa: Protezione delle piante e biodiversità agroforestale I-38057 Pergine Valsugana Via della Val, 2 - Loc. Costa di Casalino (Trento - ITALY) Ann Arbor, November, 2014 ISSN 0076-8405 1Deceased i DICHOPETALA AND NEW RELATED NORTH AMERICAN GENERA: A STUDY IN GENITALIC SIMILARITY IN SYMPATRY AND GENITALIC DIFFERENCES IN ALLOPATRY (TETTIGONIIDAE: PHANEROPTERINAE: ODONTURINI) THEODORE J. COHN1, 2, DANIEL R. SWANSON2, 3, and PAOLO FONTANA4 CONTENTS Page Foreward….………………………………………………………………………………………………iv Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………………v Acknowledgments………………………………………………………………………………………vii Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………1 History of the Genus………………………………………………………………………………………1 Breaking up Dichopetala……………………………………………………………………………………2 Characterizing the Dichopetaline Genera…………………………………………………………………3 Tribal Problems……………………………………………………………………………………………4 Methodology………………………………………………………………………………………………7 Biological and Systematic Methodology………………………………………………………………7 Map of General Collections……………………………………………………………………8 Procedural and Typographical Methodology……………………………………………………………9 Materials……………………………………………………………………………………………………11 Morphological Notes………………………………………………………………………………………11 Tables to Genera and Species………………………………………………………………………………14 Genera and Species Accounts………………………………………………………………………………26 Obolopteryx n. gen.…………………………………………………………………………………26 emarginata……………………………………………………………………………………27 seeversi…………………………………………………………………………………………27 gladiator…………………………………………………………………………………………28 brevihastata……………………………………………………………………………………28 castanea…………………………………………………………………………………………29 Map of the distribution of Obolopteryx castanea on the Edwards Plateau…………………30 poecila…………………………………………………………………………………………31 catinata…………………………………………………………………………………………31 oreoeca…………………………………………………………………………………………31 Planipollex n. gen.……………………………………………………………………………………32 pollicifer…………………………………………………………………………………………33 Rhabdocerca n. gen.…………………………………………………………………………………34 tridactyla…………………………………………………………………………………………34 caudelli……………………………………………………………………………………………36 zanclophora n. sp.………………………………………………………………………………36 Dichopetala……………………………………………………………………………………………37 mexicana…………………………………………………………………………………………37 Gymnocerca n. gen.……………………………………………………………………………………38 cycloprista n. sp.…………………………………………………………………………………40 1Deceased. 2Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1079 3Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801. Corresponding author: ([email protected]). 4 Fondazione Edmund Mach - Centro Trasferimento Tecnologico, Unità operativa: Protezione delle piante e biodiversità agroforestale, I-38057 Pergine Valsugana, Via della Val, 2 - Loc. Costa di Casalino (Trento - ITALY). enaulites n. sp.……………………………………………………………………………………40 falcata……………………………………………………………………………………………41 Mactruchus n. gen.……………………………………………………………………………………41 durangensis………………………………………………………………………………………42 ischnodus n. sp.…………………………………………………………………………………43 cryothermastris n. sp.……………………………………………………………………………43 megasynactor n. sp.……………………………………………………………………………43 serrifer……………………………………………………………………………………………44 Acanthorintes n. gen.…………………………………………………………………………………45 xanthephaptor n. sp.……………………………………………………………………………46 erythrephaptor n. sp.……………………………………………………………………………46 thenarocercus n. sp.……………………………………………………………………………47 tauriformis………………………………………………………………………………………47 zeuglaius n. sp.…………………………………………………………………………………48 Pterodichopetala………………………………………………………………………………………50 cieloi……………………………………………………………………………………………52 strepsidactyla n. sp.……………………………………………………………………………52 hypsibates n. sp.…………………………………………………………………………………53 padrisima n. sp.…………………………………………………………………………………53 pityophila n. sp.…………………………………………………………………………………53 cultricerca……………………………………………………………………………………54 Species Distribution Maps………………………………………………………………………………55 Phylogeny and Polarity……………………………………………………………………………………64 Biogeography……………………………………………………………………………………………65 Natural History……………………………………………………………………………………………68 Promising Problems………………………………………………………………………………………70 Literature Cited……………………………………………………………………………………………74 Note Added in Proof……………………………………………………………………………………78 Appendix I – Figures……………………………………………………………………………………80 Appendix II – Etymologies………………………………………………………………………………148 Appendix III – Material Examined………………………………………………………………………151 Appendix IV – History of the Project……………………………………………………………………176 Appendix V – In Memoriam.……………………………………………………………………………177 Index……………………………………………………………………………………………………178 TABLES Table to Genera………………………………………………………………………………………………16 Table to Species - Obolopteryx and Planipollex…………………………………………………………18 Table to Species - Mactruchus, Gymnocerca, and Dichopetala…………………………………………20 Table to Species - Acanthorintes and Rhabdocerca…………………………………………………………22 Table to Species - Pterodichopetala………………………………………………………………………24 FIGURES Figure 1. The “spinose” or dichopetaline ovipositor………………………………………………………5 Figure 2. Symbol legend for maps………………………………………………………………………10 Figure 3. Female stridulatory apparatus of female………………………………………………………13 Figure 4. Comparison of male cercus of Dichopetala pollicifera and D. chirura………………………33 Figure 5. Intraspecific variation within the epiproct ofAcanthorintes tauriformis………………………49 iii FOREWORD by L. Lacey Knowles This work is an example of the unparalleled dedication and unending enthusiasm that Theodore J. Cohn brought to one of the primary loves of his life – Orthoptera! This journey spans decades of field collections, examination of specimens, and preparation of plates and tables. It has not only produced an impressive taxonomic revision of Dichopetala, but these pages, as with Ted’s other work, also have produced many other intangibles – a collective of countless interactions with researchers, students, col- leagues, orthopteran enthusiasts, and friends, where Ted has left an indelible mark. These moments were not limited to in-depth discussions about katydids, crickets, and grasshoppers but encompassed broad themes ranging from the role of taxonomists in biodiversity studies to debates over wonderfully “stinky” cheese and opera. This legacy, where Ted’s incredibly positive outlook on life and his humor were for- ever present, will be carried on in all those who have had the opportunity to know Ted Cohn. iv ABSTRACT The genus Dichopetala Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 sensu Rehn and Hebard, 1914 is revised, with the description of 6 new genera and 14 new species: Obolopteryx (NEW GENUS), Planipollex (NEW GENUS), Rhabdocerca (NEW GENUS), Gymnocerca (NEW GENUS), Mactruchus (NEW GENUS), Acanthorintes (NEW GENUS), Rhabdocerca zanclophora (NEW SPECIES), Gymnocerca cycloprista (NEW SPECIES), Gymnocerca enaulites (NEW SPECIES), Mactruchus ischnodus (NEW SPECIES), Mactruchus cryothermastris (NEW SPECIES), Mactruchus megasynactor (NEW SPECIES), Acanthorintes xanthephaptor (NEW SPECIES), Acanthorintes erythrephaptor (NEW SPECIES), Acanthorintes thenarocercus (NEW SPECIES), Acanthorintes zeuglaius (NEW SPECIES), Pterodichopetala strepsidactyla (NEW SPECIES), Pterodichopetala hypsibates (NEW SPECIES), Pterodichopetala padrisima (NEW SPECIES), and Pterodichopetala pityophila (NEW SPECIES). The following two species are synonymized: Dichopetala acambarensis Marquez Mayaudon, 1958 is designated a junior synonym of Dichopetala serrifera Rehn and Hebard, 1914 (NEW SYNONYMY), and Dichopetala chirura Strohecker, 1945 is designated a junior synonym of Dichopetala pollicifera Rehn and Hebard, 1914 (NEW SYNONYMY). Sixteen North and Central American species are transferred from Dichopetala into newly-erected genera: Obolopteryx emarginata (Rehn and Hebard, 1914) (NEW COMBINATION), Obolopteryx seeversi (Strohecker, 1941) (NEW COMBINATION), Obolopteryx gladiator (Rehn and Hebard, 1914) (NEW COMBINATION), Obolopteryx brevihastata (Morse, 1902) (NEW COMBINATION), Obolopteryx castanea (Rehn and Hebard, 1914) (NEW COMBINATION), Obolopteryx poecila (Hebard, 1932) (NEW COMBINATION), Obolopteryx catinata (Rehn and Hebard, 1914) (NEW COMBINATION), Obolopteryx oreoeca (Rehn and Hebard, 1914) (NEW COMBINATION), Planipollex pollicifer (Rehn and Hebard, 1914) (NEW COMBINATION), Rhabdocerca tridactyla (Rehn and Hebard, 1914) (NEW COMBINATION), Rhabdocerca caudelli (Rehn and Hebard, 1914) (NEW COMBINATION), Gymnocerca falcata (Rehn and Hebard, 1914) (NEW COMBINATION), Mactruchus durangensis (Rehn and Hebard, 1914) (NEW COMBINATION), Mactruchus serrifer (Rehn and Hebard, 1914) (NEW COMBINATION), Acanthorintes tauriformis (Rehn and Hebard, 1914) (NEW COMBINATION), and Pterodichopetala cultricerca (Strohecker, 1945) (NEW COMBINATION). The final South American taxon described in the genus, Dichopetala transfuga (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878), is transferred to another genus, resulting in the combination Cohnia transfuga (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878) (NEW COMBINATION).
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