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Orthoptera of the Nevada Test Site

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Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series Volume 4 Number 3 Article 1 9-1964 Orthoptera of the Nevada Test Site Andrew H. Barnum Dixie College, St. George, Utah Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byuscib Part of the Anatomy Commons, Botany Commons, Physiology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Barnum, Andrew H. (1964) "Orthoptera of the Nevada Test Site," Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series: Vol. 4 : No. 3 , Article 1. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byuscib/vol4/iss3/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. o ZOOL c./ tviUS. COMF ^'^""'\ Brigham Young University ^ ^ ^ Nuv2 5V9b4., Science Bulletin harvard UNIVERSITY. ORTHOPTERA OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE by ANDREW H. BARNUM BIOLOGICAL SERIES — VOLUME IV, NUMBER 3 SEPTEMBER, 1964 LIBRARY Nuv 2 5 1964 HARVARD UNIVERSITY Brigham Young University Science Bulletin ORTHOPTERA OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE by ANDREW H. BARNUM BIOLOGICAL SERIES — VOLUME IV, NUMBER 3 SEPTEMBER, 1964 FOREWORD This is another of a series of major pubhcations on desert ecology resulting from studies at the Nevada Test Site by the Brigham Young University Depart- ment of Zoology and Entomology in cooperation with the United States Atomic Energy Commission. Although some of the studies are the result of independent investigations by specialists who are not on our departmental staff, they are part of the major project initiated cooperatively by B.Y.U. and the A. E.G. to deter- mine the effect of nuclear detonations on the native animals of the Nevada Test Site. Dorald M. Allred and D Elden Beck Project Supervisors TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 HISTORICAL REVIEW 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 2 METHODS OF STUDY 2 Frequency and Abundance 3 Study of Individual Species 4 DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA 5 Location 5 Physiography 5 Vegetation 5 Regular Collecting Areas 6 Miscellaneous Collecting Areas 13 ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS OF THE ORTHOPTERA 15 CLASSIFICATION OF THE ORTHOPTERA 15 External Anatomy 17 Notes on Development 20 ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ORTHOPTERA AT THE NEVADA TEST SITE 20 Use of the Keys 20 Suborder Caelifera 22 SuperfamUy Acridc .dea 22 Family Tetri^ Jae, Subfamily Tetriginae 23 Family Eumastacidae, Subfamily Morseinae 24 Morsea californica piute Rehn and Grant 25 Family Tanaoceridae ' 27 Tanaocerus koebelei koehelei Bruner 28 Family Acrididae 29 Subfamily Romaleinae 31 Dracotettix plutonius Bruner 32 Tytthotyle maculata (Bruner) 33 Subfamily Cyrtacanthacridinae 35 Aeolopides tenuipennis ( Scudder) 37 Aeoloplides minor ( Bruner) 38 Hesperotettix viridis viridis (Thomas) 41 Hesperotettix viridis nevadensis Morse 42 Hesperotettix viridis terminus Hebard 42 Melanoplus aridus ( Scudder) 45 Melanoplus complanatipes canonicus Scudder 45 Poecilotettix sanguineus Scudder 47 Subfamily Acridinae 48 Eremiacris pallida ( Bruner) 51 Bootettix punctatus (Scudder) 52 Amphitornus coloradus ornatus McNeill 54 Cordillacris occipitalis cinera (Bruner) 55 Ageneotettix deoruni deorum (Scudder) 56 Fsoloessa delicatula delicatula (Scudder) 57 Ligurotettix coquilletti cantator Rehm 58 Arphia conspersa Scudder 60 Xanthippus corallipes. corallipes (Haldeman) 61 Leprus glaucipennis Scudder 63 Derotmema delicatulum Scudder 64 Page Mexiohrcgmu impcxuvi Hchn 65 Trimerotropvi hitohalu Rfhn and Hebard 67 TrimewtropiH jontana Thomas 68 TriniL-rolropK alharcns McNeill 69 Trinienttrofm strcnua McNeill 70 TrimcrotTopli paUulipennui pallidipennis (Burmeister) 72 Trimcrotropis iiwon-spicua BniiiiT 74 Trimcrotropix ctjancipcimvs Bniner _ 75 Trimcrotropui sparm Thomas 76 Anconia integra SciicldcT 77 CiboLicris purviccps uridus ( Bruner) 78 Superfamily Tridactyloidca, Family Tridactylidae 81 SubordtT Ensifera, Supcrfiimily Tettigonioidea 81 Family Tettigoniidao 82 Subfamily Phaneropterinae 82 Insara elegans nuiculnta Bamum, new subspecies 83 Insara covilleae Rchn and Hebard 84 Arethaca brevicauila ( Scudder) 85 Subfamily 'lettigoiiiinae - 86 Cuptuihoti's fidiginosua ( Thomas ) 87 Capnohutcs uccidentalut ( Thomas ) 88 Anoplodusa urizonensii ( Rehn ) 89 Atcloplus luteus Caudell 90 Family Gryllacrididae 91 Subfamily Stcnopelmatinae 91 Stcnopelmattts fuscus Haldeman 91 Subfamily Rhapliidophorinae 94 Ccuthophilus nc'vadensis Bamum, new species 96 Ccuthophilus deserlicola Banuim, new species 100 Ceutliophitus hehardi Hubbell 103 Ccuthophilus fossor Hul)l)ell 105 Ccuthophilus Uinwllipes Relm 107 Pristoceuthophilus pacificus (Thomas) 109 Family Gnllidao 112 Subfamily Mogoplistinae 113 Cycloptilum comprchendens jortior Hebard 113 Subfamily Gryllinae 113 Acheta dssiniilis Fabricius _ 114 Subfamily OEcanthinae 115 OEcanthus californicus califamicus Saussure 115 OEccmtliu.s nigriioniis quadripunctatus Beutenmuller 116 Subfamily Myrmccophilinae 116 Mijrinccophilu tniniiti Schimmer 116 Stilx>r(ier Hhasmatoptera, Superfamily Phasmatoidea, Family Phasmatidae 118 Subfamily Pachymorphinae 119 Ptiwhdcillus hcsperus Hebard 119 Subfamily Heteronemiinae 119 Pseudoscrmijle stramineus (Scudder) 119 Sulx)rder DiL-tyoptera 121 Superf;miilv Mantodea, Family Manteidae 121 Subfamily Amelinae 121 IMuncutria minor (Scudder) 122 Subfamily Manteinae 122 StagmonuinILt californicus Rehn and Hebard 123 Superfamily Blattodea, Family Polyphagidae 124 Arenivaga crratica Rehn 125 Arenivaga apacha (Saussure) 126 EremobUitta subdiaphuna ( Scudder ) 126 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 127 LITERATURE CITED 128 APPENDICES I. Depositories of Specimens Collected in This Study 130 II. Notes on Collecting and Preserving Orthoptera 130 III. Glossan^ 131 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page Plate I. Morphology of a typical acridid, Trimerutropis pallidipennis pallidipennis 19 Figure 1. Trimerotropis pallidipennis pallidipennis, female, caudal appendage 21 2. T. pallidipennis pallidipennis, female, pronotum, lateral view 21 3. T. pallidipennis pallidipennis, female, pro.\imal abdomen showing auditory appartus, lateral view 21 4. T. pallidipennis pallidipennis, female, caudal tarsus, lateral view 21 5. Capnohotes fuliginosus, female, distal femur and proximal tibia, showing auditory apparatus, lateral view 21 6. C. fuliginosus, female, caudal tarsus, lateral view 21 7. Trimerotropis pallidipennis pallidipennis, female, head, facial view showing insertion of antennae 22 8. Tridactylus apicalis, male, head, facial view, showing insertion of antennae 22 9. T. apicalis, male, cephalic appendage 22 10. Paratettix rnexicanus, female, distal tibia and tarsus of mesothoracic appendage, lateral view 23 11. P. rnexicanus, female, pronotum ;md tegmen, lateral view 23 12. Trimerotropis pallidipennis pallidipennis, female, distal segment of caudal tarsus showing claws and aroliiun 23 13. Morsea califomica piute, female, head and pronotum, lateral view 23 14. M. californica piute, female, head, facial view 23 15. Tanaocerus koebelei hoebelei, female, head, facial view 23 16. Morsea califomica piute, female, antenna, lateral view 25 17. M. califomica piute, male, cercus, lateral view 25 18. M. califomica piute, male, apex of abdomen, dorso-caudal view 25 19. Tytthottjle inaculatu, male, distal Ubia and pro.ximal tarsu.s of caudal appendage, lateral view 31 20. Dracotettix plutonius, female, distal tibia and proximal tarsus of caudal appendage, lateral view 31 21. Melanoplus complanatipes canonicus, female, prostemal spine, cephalic view 31 22. Dracotettix plutonius, female, head and pronotum, lateral view 32 23. Tytthotyle maculata, female, head and pronotum, lateral view 32 24. Hesperotettix viridis nevadensis, male, apex of abdomen, lateral view 36 25. Melanoplus complanatipes canonicus, male, apex of abdomen, lateral view 36 26. Aeoloplides tenuipennis, male, caudal femur, lateral view 36 27. A. minor, male, caudal femur, lateral view 36 28. Hesperotettix viridis termius, male, head, pronotum, and tegmina, dorso-lateral view 41 29. H. viridis viridis, male, head, pronotum, and tegmina, dorso-lateral view 41 30. //. viridis nevadensis, male, head, pronotum, and tegmina, dorso-lateral view 41 31. Melanoplus aridus, male, head, pronotum, and tegmina, dorso-lateral view 44 32. M. aridus, male, apex of abdomen, dorso-lateral view 44 33. M. complanatipes canonicus, male, apex of abdomen, dorso-lateral view 44 34. Amphitornus coloradus ornatus, male, head and pronotum, lateral view 49 35. A. coloradus ornatus, male, head and pronotum, dorsal view 49 36. Psoloessa delicatula delicatula, male, head and pronotum, lateral view 49 37. P. delicatula delicatula, male, head and pronotum, dorsal view 49 38. Eremiacris pallida, male, head and pronotum, dorsal view 49 Figurt- Page 39. Booti'tlix imnclatu.t. inali-. hi-al and proiiotum, lateral view 49 40. Cimlilliirris occipilalis ciiurea, male, liead and proiiotum, dorsal view 49 41. Ligiirotcltix coijuilletti cantator, male, dLstal tibia and tarsu.s of caudal appendage showing internal apical spines, lateral view 49 42. Ageneotettix deorum deorum. male, head and pronotum, dorso-lateral view 49 43. Ligurotcttix coquitletti cantiilor, male, head, pronotum, and tegmen, lateral view 49 44. CiiioUicris paniccps tiridus, male, head and pronotum, dorsal view 50 45. /Xnconiu integra, male, head and pronotum, dorsal view 50 46 Arphui compersa, male, mctaslenium and proximal
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  • Orthoptera, Acrididae, Oedipodinae) Reveal Convergence of Wing Morphology

    Orthoptera, Acrididae, Oedipodinae) Reveal Convergence of Wing Morphology

    Zoologica Scripta Phylogenetic analyses of band-winged grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Oedipodinae) reveal convergence of wing morphology MARTIN HUSEMANN,SUK NAMKUNG,JAN C. HABEL,PATRICK D. DANLEY &AXEL HOCHKIRCH Submitted: 17 September 2011 Husemann, M., Namkung, S., Habel, J.C., Danley, P.D. & Hochkirch, A. (2012). Accepted: 10 April 2012 Phylogenetic analyses of band-winged grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Oedipodinae) doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00548.x reveal convergence of wing morphology. —Zoologica Scripta, 41, 515–526. Historically, morphological traits have been used to examine the relationships of distantly related taxa with global distributions. The use of such traits, however, may be misleading and may not provide the resolution needed to distinguish various hypotheses that may explain the distribution patterns of widely distributed taxa. One such taxon, the Oedipo- dine grasshoppers, contains two tribes principally defined by wing morphologies: the Bry- odemini have broad wings whereas Sphingonotini are narrow-winged. Through the use of morphological features alone, hypotheses concerning the evolution of these tribes cannot be distinguished. To differentiate hypotheses that may explain the distribution of Oedipo- dines, such as vicariance, natural dispersal and anthropogenic translocation, we used two mitochondrial and three nuclear gene fragments to reconstruct the phylogenetic relation- ships within and between the two tribes, and employed a molecular clock to evaluate the hypotheses of vicariance and dispersal. Our results clearly reject monophyly of the tribes and revealed monophyletic Old and New World clades, which is in agreement with previ- ous molecular studies. The split between both clades was dated at 35 Ma (±12 Ma). This clearly rejects the vicariance hypothesis and supports a single invasion via the Beringian land bridge.