President's Message

Home , Acrididea, Aeropedellus, Aularches, Bootettix, Caelifera, Gryllotalpa africana

ISSN 2372-2517 (Online), ISSN 2372-2479 (Print) METALEPTEAMETALEPTEA THE NEWSLETTER OF THE ORTHOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY

TABLE OF CONTENTS President’s Message (Clicking on an article’s title will take you By DAVID HUNTER to the desired page) President [email protected] [1] PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE [2] SOCIETY NEWS ear Fellow Orthopterists! [2] Call for the 2020 Theodore J. Cohn Research Fund by M. LECOQ [2] Grants supporting the Orthoptera Species As I am writing this File by M.M. CIGLIANO from Canberra, the sky is [3] A call for manuscripts Special Issue “Locusts and Grasshoppers: Biology, Ecology and Man- filled with dense smoke agement” by A.V. LATCHININSKY D from the catastrophic [3] A call for DNA-grade specimens to recon- D sruct a comprehensive phylogeny of Ensifera fires we have had in Australia this by H. SONG fire season. Continuing drought and [4] Updates from the GLI by R. OVERSON [5] Reminder: Seeking Speakers for the 2020 weeks of unusually high temperatures ICE Symposium: “Polyneoptera for our Planet” have led to widespread fires covering by D.A. WOLLER ET AL. [5] REGIONAL REPORTS millions of hectares: as of the first [5] East Europe - North and Central Asia by week in January, 6.3 million ha have M.G. SERGEEV [6] Central & Southern Africa burnt which is just under half the area by V. COULDRIDGE of England! A catastrophic situation [8] T.J. COHN GRANT REPORTS indeed! [8] On the study of gregarine parasites in Orthoptera by J.H. MEDINA DURÁN Our society continues our support [10] Genetic diversity in populations of for research through OSF grants and Anonconotus italoaustriacus Nadig, 1987 (Insecta, Orthoptera) in North-East Italy by F. Ted Cohn Research grants for which ther co-operation and the MOU was MARANGONI ET AL. we encourage students and Post doc- [12] The impacts of traffic noise on fitness-re- signed by Vanessa during the meeting. lated traits in the Pacific field cricket, Teleogryl- torate members to apply for ahead of The MOU aims to encourage further lus oceanicus by G.A. GURULE-SMALL & R.M. the March 31 deadline. Details on our TINGHITELLA cooperation through giving presenta- [14] OSF GRANT REPORTS Orthopterists’ Society website. tions at each other’s meetings and [14] Photographic database of North African And we recently funded a sympo- Acridomorpha (Orthoptera, Caelifera) type providing a mechanism for Orthopter- specimens deposited at NHM London by A. sium on Orthoptera and the November ists’ Society members to work with MOUSSI & H. TLILI meeting of the African Association of members of the African Association [16] Re-inventory of grasshoppers (Acrididae: Gomphocerinae: Hypernephiini) of North and Insect Scientists (AAIS) held in the of Insect Scientists. Central Asia by M.G. SERGEEV & V.V. MOL- Ivory Coast. A number of presenta- As part of bringing Orthoptera to LODTSOV [18] Orthoptera of the Eastern Balkans and the tions on various aspects of Orthoptera the forefront at scientific meetings, we Carpathian Basin: a database of collections, were given and our Central & South- have also had symposia on Orthoptera literature and digital data in the Orthoptera ern African regional representative Species File with additional data for Kazakhstan at the recent Entomological Society by D.P. CHOBANOV ET AL. Vanessa Couldridge won the award of America meeting where Ricardo [20] MEETING REPORTS for the best presentation—congratula- [20] National Meeting of the Locust Campaign Mariño-Pérez won the Snodgrass 2019, Mexico by M.A. POOT-PECH tions Vanessa! Prior to the meeting, Memorial Award for outstanding [22] Recap of 2018/2019 ESA Organized Meet- our Executive Director, Mohamed ings: “Small Orders, Big Ideas (Polyneoptera)” research by a PhD student and at the by B. FOQUET ET AL. Abdellahi OULD Babah EBBE, Australian Entomological Society [30] CONTRIBUTED ARTICLES proposed that we have a Memoran- [30] Gaudy grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Pyrgo- meeting in Brisbane, where a number morphidae) on stamps by R. MARIÑO-PÉREZ dum of Understanding between the of members of our Society, including [36] TREASURER’S REPORT Orthopterists’ Society and the AAIS Hojun Song, gave presentations. And [37] EDITORIAL as a more formalised way of for fur- I would like to thank Zoltán Kenyeres

Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 1 METALEPTEA and Norbert Bauer for publicising our 2019/49 LXXIV: 1542-1544. demonstrating the continuing progress recent congress in their recent pub- Once again, I have the pleasure of on Orthoptera and related insects. lication “Orthopterans and Climate commending to everyone the many Wishing everyone success in their Change” in Hungarian in the journal excellent reports in this issue thanks work in the coming year—all the best Élet és Tudomány (Life & Science) to Hojun Song and Derek Woller for 2020. The Theodore J. Cohn Research Fund: A new call for applications for 2020 (Application Deadline: March 31, 2020) By MICHEL LECOQ Chair, Theodore J. Cohn Research Fund Committee [email protected]

his research grant is year is available and it is possible to awards/the-theodore-j-cohn-re- primarily to fund research fund research grants for up to $1,500 search-fund/ projects in Orthoptera per grantee. As usual, proposals should be sub- (sensu lato) by young Full detailed information can be mitted at the following address: researchers often as part found on the Orthopterists’ Society Michel Lecoq, Manager, The Ted TT of a Master’s or Ph.D., website, on the “Grants & Awards” Cohn Research Fund though Postdoctorates may also be page: e-mail: [email protected] funded. A total amount of $15K per http://orthsoc.org/resources/grants- Grants supporting the Orthoptera Species File By MARIA MARTA CIGLIANO Museo de La Plata, División Entomología, FCNyM-UNLP CEPAVE, CONICET-CCT La Plata, ARGENTINA [email protected] he Orthoptera Spe- OSF grants funded for 2020: 5. Dragan Chobanov, Ionuț Iorgu, Sime- cies File (OSF) grants on Borisov, Georgi Hristov (Institute of committee received and 1. Moussi Abdelhamid, Haithem Tlili Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, evaluated 14 proposals by (University of Biskra, Algeria; Univer- Sofia, Bulgaria) applicants from 14 coun- sity of Carthage, Tunisia) Title: Orthoptera of the Balkan Pen- Title: Photographic database of West- tries for 2020: Algeria, insula and the Carpathian Basin II: a TT ern Asia Acridomorpha (Orthoptera, database of digital data in the Orthop- Argentina, Austria, Brazil, Bulgaria, Caelifera) type specimens deposited at tera Species File China, Croatia, France, Germany, NHM London 6. Karmela Adžić, Maks Deranja, Amira India, the Netherlands, Pakistan, Tu- 2. Martina E. Pocco (Museo de La Plata, Aqilah Muhammad (Faculty of Sci- nisia, and the USA. Of these, the 10 CCT La Plata CONICET-CEPAVE, Argen- ence, University of Zagreb, Croatia) proposals listed below will be funded. tina) Title: Grasshoppers and Crickets of the They have been selected based on the Title: Extension of the project “Illus- Adriatic Islands amount of data (images, specimen trating Neotropical Acridoidea species 7. Marie-Pierre Chapius & A. Coeur records, sounds, etc.) expected to be with emphasis on Romaleinae in OSF” d’Acier (CIRAD, INRA, CBGP, Montpel- added to the Orthoptera Species File. 3. Slobodan Ivković & Horvat Laslo lier, France) (Trier University, Germany; Elsbethen, Also considered were the candidates’ Title: Providing OSF with range maps, Austria) images of diagnostic characters and expertise, if the proposal was related Title: From lowland steppes to alpine song records for the two cryptic spe- to a taxonomic research project, and grasslands II – Taxonomy, bioacous- cies discovered within Calliptamus the budget. tics and distribution of Orthoptera in barbarus (Costa, 1836) Serbia and Montenegro 8. Chandranshu Tiwari (University of 4. Marcos Fianco (State University of Delhi, India) Western Parana, Brazil) Title: Katydids of India: Documenting Title: The Ensifera fauna from Guartela the acoustic diversity of katydids from State Park, Parana State, Brazil. North-East India. Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 2 METALEPTEA 9. Baudewijn Odé, Roy Kleukers and Luc canto acoustics on the Osa Peninsula of Willemse (Naturalis Biodiversity Cen- 10. Brandon Woo (Cornell University, Costa Rica ter, Leiden, The Netherlands) USA) Title: Grasshopper sounds on Xeno- Title: Katydid biodiversity and bio- A call for manuscripts Special Issue “Locusts and Grasshoppers: Biology, Ecology and Management” By ALEXANDRE V. LATCHININSKY Agricultural Officer / Locust Management United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization [email protected]

ear Colleagues, escalate to transcontinental plagues, Grasshoppers: Biology, Ecology require huge efforts of national plant and Management,” for which I will Locusts and grasshop- protection agencies and international serve as a Guest Editor: pers (Orthoptera: Acri- cooperation to control them. Being https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ doidea) are among the extremely adaptable to recent climate insects/special_issues/locusts_grass- DD most serious agricultural changes, locusts and grasshoppers hoppers pests worldwide. By inflicting dam- present new challenges to researchers The current Special Issue addresses age to pasturelands and a wide range and pest managers. some of the newest insights biology, of crops they jeopardize food security I am pleased to inform that the jour- ecology and management of these and livelihoods of about ten percent nal “Insects” (Impact Factor 2,139) ancient enemies of agriculturists. of the world’s population. Their out- just published a call for submissions breaks, which in case of locusts can to the Special Issue “Locusts and The deadline is 31 October 2020. A call for DNA-grade specimens to reconsruct a comprehensive phylogeny of Ensifera By HOJUN SONG Department of Entomology Texas A&M University, USA [email protected] ear Colleagues, study the evolution and genetic basis robust comparative framework for of acoustic communication, capital- studying the evolution of acoustic Recently, I received izing on the most speciose and ancient communication. This taxon sampling a grant from the U.S. lineage of the extant singing insects, represents 10% of the known species National Science Foun- the Ensifera (katydids, crickets and diversity in Ensifera. DD dation, titled “NSFDEB- relatives). Our project is multidis- While I have already secured NERC: MULTIDISCIPLINARY ciplinary, integrating phylogeny, hundreds of DNA-grade specimens APPROACH TO BIOACOUSTICS: functional morphology, biophysics, of ensiferans from around the world, Integrating phylogenomics, bio- and comparative genomics to test key there are some key taxa that I am physics, and functional genomics hypotheses about when, how, and why having a difficulty to obtaining. These to unravel the evolution of hearing acoustic signaling has evolved over are Gryllacrididae and Rhaphido- and singing in katydids, crickets, 300 million years of ensiferan diver- phoridae. So, if you have any speci- and allies” (NSF DEB-1937815). sification. mens of these ensiferans preserved This project is co-funded by the U.K. One of the main objectives of the in 95-100% ethanol, please send me NERC and I am collaborating with project is to produce a comprehensive an email at [email protected]. Also, Fernando Montealegre-Z, Nathan phylogeny of Ensifera based on 1,600 if you would like to contribute your Bailey, Michael Whiting, Seunggwan species and 1,000 loci, the largest favorite ensiferans to the project, I Shin, Laure Desutter-Grandcolas, phylogenetic dataset ever compiled would also love to hear from you. and Andre Nel. The overall goal is to for this group, which will serve as a Thank you so much for your help! Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 3 METALEPTEA Updates from the Global Locust Initiative

By RICK OVERSON GLI Research Coordinator, Arizona State University, USA [email protected]

ello, fellow orthopterists! 2019 marked a year of exciting de- velopments, projects, and workshops for the HH Global Locust Initiative (GLI), with more slated for this year. In March of 2019, we hosted a locust monitoring and forecasting workshop at the 13th International Congress of Orthopterology in Morocco. Expert panel members included representatives from eight organizations and five continents. Panelists and audience members discussed current challenges and opportunities for locust and grasshopper monitoring and forecasting. For a complete summary, please email Figure 1. GLI networking mixer participants at EntSoc 2019 in St. Louis, Missouri Rick Overson (rick.overson@asu. edu). Outcomes from this workshop and international organizations are of the GLI network! We welcome are being used to shape future collab- linked (or not linked). We invite any members with interests in grasshop- orative GLI projects and workshops. interested participants across sectors pers and locusts, transboundary pest In November we hosted our third (e.g., representatives from govern- issues, integrated pest management, GLI networking mixer at the Annual ment organizations, universities, and landscape-level processes, food secu- Meeting of the Entomological Society humanitarian and development orga- rity, and/or cross-sectoral initiatives. of America with fruitful discussions nizations) to join us. The workshops We bring together interested people about potential collaborative proj- are currently scheduled as follows: through workshops and networking ects for the near future (Fig. 1). Note Córdoba, Argentina (Feb. 26th–28th), events with the goal of facilitating that the GLI will also host a mixer at Gossas, Senegal (March 26th–27th, ten- research and supporting the develop- the XXVI International Congress of tative), and Canberra, Australia (April ment of sustainable solutions for the Entomology July 2020 in Helsinki, 20th–21st, tentative). A fourth synthesis global challenge of locust and grass- Finland (more details forthcoming). workshop will take place at Arizona hopper management. We also provide This year the GLI will be hosting State University in November, 2020 opportunities for visiting scholars to three parallel workshops funded by where participants from each focal re- conduct research at ASU’s locust rear- the Foundation for Food and Agri- gion will synthesize, summarize, and ing facilities. Please visit our website culture Research (FFAR) that will share information for the benefit of all (locust.asu.edu) for more information explore the infrastructure, institutional partner institutions. If you are inter- about the initiative, events, and news. networks, and governance structures ested in attending or being involved of locust and grasshopper manage- in any part of this effort, please email ment and research in South America, Rick Overson (rick.overson@asu. West Africa, and Australia. Through edu). these institutional workshops, we Please feel free to contact us with will produce a high-level assessment any questions or to become part of how relevant regional, national, Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 4 METALEPTEA Reminder: Seeking Speakers for the 2020 ICE Symposium: “Polyneoptera for our Planet” By DEREK A. WOLLER1, BERT FOQUET2, AND HOJUN SONG3 1USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T Phoenix Lab, AZ, USA [email protected] 2Texas A&M University, USA [email protected] 3Texas A&M University, USA [email protected] ellow Society members, fi/call-for-symposia/. Then, click on we are currently seeking the “Submit presentation abstract” speakers for our sym- icon on the upper graphic, find the posium “Polyneoptera scientific section “Ecology, Evolution for our Planet,” which and Behaviour, Track 2” and click FF will be part of the 2020 on our symposium’s name, and then International Congress of Entomol- follow the subsequent directions. All ogy (ICE). The congress will be July are welcome – students, postdocs, 19-24 in Helsinki, Finland and the seasoned researchers, etc.! Our goal is symposium is currently scheduled to have a good mix of polyneopterans for Friday, July 24, from 8 AM-10 represented that demonstrate all the AM. Presentations are limited to interesting work being undertaken 15 minutes (8 speakers total) and with the group, so please spread the submission is currently available word to your colleagues that work on to the public by going to this site taxa beyond Orthoptera. Please also (where more general information note that while you can only give a as you like. For general description of on the meeting and symposia can single presentation at ICE you can be the symposium, please see our previ- be found): https://ice2020helsinki. a coauthor on as many presentations ous article at Metaleptea 39(2) pp. 13.

Regional Reports - What’s happening around the world? East Europe - and subspecies, which belong to 5 Basin. This region is characterized by families, 11 subfamilies, and 21 tribes high diversity of the semi-desert, des- North and Central (1 subfamily and 2 tribes are also ert, and steppe ecosystems favorable possible). About half of the known for the species associated with the Asia orthopteran species are from the ac- arid and semi-arid regions of Eurasia. By MICHAEL G. SERGEEV ridid subfamily Gomphocerinae. The Another huge project (the joint pro- Novosibirsk State University and Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals number of the species from the sub- gram of the Russian Foundation for RUSSIA families Locustinae [email protected] and Tettigoniinae is n 2019, orthopterists of North also significant. At and Central Asia attended least several tribes, a lot of scientific meetings, namely Bergiolini, including the 13th International Zichyini, Aulaco- Congress of Orthopterology, bothrini, Bryodem- II realized several projects, and ini, and Sphingono- organized field studies in different tini, include a lot of parts of the region. One of the most intrinsic species of important results was "An annotated the semi-arid and check-list of Orthoptera of Tuva and arid mountains of adjacent regions" by M. Sergeev, S. Eurasia. The most Storozhenko, and A. Benediktov pub- diverse fauna of Or- lished in "Far Eastern Entomologist." thoptera is in Uvs- Arcyptera fusca Now this list includes 95 species Nuur Intermountain Female of the Large banded grasshopper, (Pallas) (Photo credit: M.G. Sergeev) Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 5 METALEPTEA relative to global, parts of the Kulunda steppe for the regional, and local first time. Some studies of orthopteran trends in ecosystem diversity distribution were continued transformation and in the North Caucasian area, Astra- to evaluate some khan State Reserve (the Lower Volga main indicative region), the Komi Republic (NE traits allowing to European Russia), Mongolia, Tajiki- estimate changes of stan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. these populations. A field trip was also organized to S. The studies of their Kurile Islands to collect some new long-term dynam- data about diversity and relations of ics on the model local forms from the genus Podisma. plots didn't allow Several field projects were associated to support some with pest grasshoppers, especially in Male of Stenobothrus nigromaculatus (Herrich- widely distributed Central Asia and the Caucasus. Schäffer) (Photo credit: M.G. Sergeev) opinion that situation with acridid as- Some problems of applied acridolo- semblages and populations is mainly gy were also discussed during IV All- Basic Researches and the Government determined by the precipitation levels Russian Plant Protection Congress, of Novosibirsk Region, project # 18- and temperatures in May and the “Phytosanitary technologies in ensur- 416-540001) was realized in Novosi- beginning of June. The role of the ing independence and competitiveness birsk Region in the south-eastern part Italian locust outbreaks in changes of of the agricultural sector of Russia,” of West Siberia. This region is one of fluxes of some chemical elements was in Saint Petersburg (September 9–11). the main areas of locust and grass- also shown. Several plenary presentations were hopper outbreaks. Some significant During the summer season of 2019 related to locust and grasshoppers. upsurges of these insects have been several field studies of ecology, dis- The general distribution patterns and developed during the last centennial, tribution, and diversity of the Orthop- long-term dynamics of pest species, especially during droughts. The main teroid insects were organized. The and new technologies and products goal of the project was to reveal pat- expeditions crossed the southern parts (especially bioacridicides) were terns of spatial and temporal distri- of West Siberian Plain and studied di- discussed. Additionally, some presen- bution of populations of the Italian versity and assemblages' distribution tations concerning pest species were locust and abundant grasshoppers in the south-eastern part of the Urals, done during concurrent sessions. in the southern part of the Region in West Baraba region, and in several

Central & Southern human, animal and environmental delegates representing eight countries: health.” The conference was well- Belgium, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Africa attended, with a total of around 300 France, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, By VANESSA COULDRIDGE presentations given by delegates from and Tunisia). Four of these presenta- Department of Biodiversity and 25 countries. Topics were diverse tions focused on the biodiversity, Conservation Biology University of the Western Cape and included insect biodiversity and taxonomy, and ecology of orthopteran SOUTH AFRICA taxonomy, invasive species, biologi- fauna, nine were on edible orthop- [email protected] cal control, insects for food and feed, teran species as a source of food for he 23rd biennial Meeting beneficial insects, disease vectors, human consumption, one was on and Scientific Conference pest control, and the impacts of cli- grasshoppers as bio-indicators, and of the African Associa- mate change on insects. Presentations one on locust pest control. The large tion of Insect Scientists were in either English or French. number of talks concerning orthopter- (AAIS) was held in The Orthopterists’ Society gener- ans as a food source highlights issues TT Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, ously provided sponsorship to the surrounding food security on the con- from the 18th to 22nd November 2019. conference, thus assisting researchers tinent and the search for alternative The theme of this year’s conference specifically working on Orthoptera sources of protein. This is a very ac- was “Biodiversity and sustainable to be able to attend and present their tive field of study in many countries, development in Africa: contribution work. In total, there were 15 presenta- with research topics ranging from of insect science to the development tions on Orthoptera included in the nutritional content of edible species, of agriculture and improvement of programme (see below), presented by to rearing and processing of insects,

Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 6 METALEPTEA • Effects of Linnaeus, 1758; Orthoptera: anthropogenic Gryllidae) en captivité a Korhogo disturbances (Nord Côte d’Ivoire). Douan B.G., on diversity, et al. abundance and • An overview of the distribution distribution and consumption of edible or- of grasshop- thopterans in Nigeria. Alamu O.T. per species & Oke O.A. (Orthoptera: • Effet de la farine du criquet mi- Acrididea) in the grateur Locusta migratoria capito littoral region sur la croissance des poulets de la of Cameroon. race locale a Ambositra, Mada- Yetchom-Fond- gascar. Randriamananoro J.J. & jo J.A., et al. Raharitsimba V.A. Signing of the MoU between the OS and AAIS. From left: Mohamed Abdel- • Cricket based • Criquets migrateurs africain lahi Ould Babah EBBE (Executive Director of OS), Vanessa Couldridge, Locusta migratoria Saliou Niassy (President of AAIS), Joseph Tamesse (past president of AAIS) biscuits: Stabili- ( ): une source ty, relative value de revenus pour les populations and consumer de l’ extreme -Nord Cameroun. to palatability and commercialisation acceptance. Miantsia, F.O., et al. of final products. In addition, much Ayieko M.A. & Rono D. • The microbial diversity associated of the orthopteran diversity of Africa • Nitrogen-to-protein conversion with processed and unprocessed is relatively unexplored, and this was factors of four orthopterans: im- marketed edible grasshoppers discussed in a number of talks, where plications for food and nutritional (Ruspolia differens) determined species richness, biodiversity, and security. Fombong F.T., et al. using culture-dependent molecu- abundance of Orthoptera from differ- • Edible grasshoppers of the lar techniques. Mugo L., et al. ent regions was studied. This is partic- coastal sacred Kaya Kauma forest • Valeurs indicatrices des acridiens ularly relevant in light of increasing and their role in enhancing food de trois régions du Cameroun. anthropogenic disturbances. security in Kilifi County, Kenya. Wandji A.C., et al. To strengthen the relationship Kioko E., et al. • Novacrid, a fungal biopesticide to between the AAIS and the OS, a • Physico-chemical characteristics control locust and grasshoppers. memorandum of understanding of oil from two colour poly- Kooyman C. & Dussart J.F. (MoU) between the two societies was morphs of Ruspolia differens: signed during the general assembly on implications for industrial applica- the final day of the conference. The tion. Kinyuru J. aim of this MoU is to foster capacity • Changements morphométriques building and collaborations between et description des oeufs du grillon the two societies and their members. domestique (Acheta domestica

Orthoptera presentations at the 23rd AAIS conference:

• Impact of agricultural activities on Acrididae fauna in southern Tunisia. Ben Chouikha M., et al. • Morphology and aspects of the bio-ecology of Gryllotalpa microptera Chopard 1939 (Or- thoptera: Gryllotalpidae) in west region of Cameroon. Simeu Nou- tchom A., et al. • Genetic and acoustic diversification of bladder grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Pneumoroidea). rd Couldridge V.C.K., et al. Delegates at the 23 AAIS conference.

Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 7 METALEPTEA Theodore J. Cohn Research Grant Reports On the study of gregarine parasites in Orthoptera By JORGE HUMBERTO MEDINA DURÁN Texas A&M University, USA [email protected] f you look at any living thing in detail, you might notice that all of them are like zoos full of fantastic symbionts that some- how have adapted to live in II their particular hosts. Although commonly overlooked, symbiotic relationships are quite common in every environment in the world. Hosts are like a big hotel where the guests (not always very welcome) occupy different structures in the organisms they inhabit, sometimes helping their hosts, but sometimes damaging them instead. Ultimately, all symbionts are important actors on the evolution of their hosts and we should pay more attention on how they are influencing biological interactions. In the last few years, I have been interested in such biological interac- Figure 1. Landscapes from different collecting sites. A) cloud forest in Tlanchinol, Hidalgo; B) tions with a systematic approach. cloud forest in Xilitla, San Luís Potosí; C) grasslands in Tizimín, Yucatán; D) template forest in Tezihutlán, Puebla Particularly, I focus on a group of endosymbionts known as gregarines. species-richness in gregarines is large. an ideal model that complies with These unwelcome guests are unicel- However, when you compare the cur- the requirements described above. lular eukaryotes that parasitize the rently known diversity of gregarines So, during my undergrad and Mas- body cavities of marine, freshwater, and their hosts, it’s evident that there ter’s studies, I collected orthopterans and terrestrial invertebrates, such as is a glaring discrepancy between the from different sites looking for their annelids, mollusks, echinoderms, and two interactants. The most extreme gregarine parasites, with the aim to arthropods. Gregarines belong to the situation occurs when you compare get cells for morphological and life phylum Apicomplexa, which also in- insect and gregarine diversity; of the cycle analysis, scanning electron clude well-studied vertebrate parasites about one million described insect microscopy imaging, and DNA-grade responsible for diseases, like malaria species, only approximately 2,200 material. These are all necessary data and toxoplasmosis. On the other hand, (less than the 0.25% of total insect for gregarine identification to species gregarines have been little-studied diversity) have been reported with level. even though they are regarded as gregarine parasites (Clopton, 2002). I was able to undertake some one of the most diverse clades and The remaining insects have not been expeditions in Mexico, particularly they may unveil important clues in studied yet, but they surely harbor Hidalgo, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, the evolution of their economically these common parasites. Puebla and Yucatan (Fig. 1). In all important relatives (Desportes, 2013; Insects are great hosts to study those regions, I studied gregarines Simdyanov et al. 2017). gregarines under different approaches. of orthopterans, such as Taeniopoda It is believed that gregarine diversi- If you want to study gregarines, you centurio, T. eques, Schistocerca ty is directly influenced by the diver- need to find a model organism that piceifrons, S. nitens, Sphenarium pur- sity of their hosts. If you think about has high abundances and is easy to purascens, and Conocephalus ictus. the fact that some invertebrate groups collect and maintain. Among all kinds Although every place has its weather, are among the most specious, it’s of insects, Orthoptera turns out to be ecosystems, humidity, and Orthoptera not hard to imagine that the potential Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 8 METALEPTEA contribute in the descriptions of new gregarine species (see Medina-Durán et al. 2019), and I am still working on descriptions of some others with the samples and data I have gathered from these expeditions. During the advance of my research new questions have come up, such as the effect of these parasites on their hosts, their specificity, and the coevolutionary patterns between the two clades. Since I am starting my Ph.D. studies in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology in the Song Lab, I am excited that I am about to address these questions!

Acknowledgments To the Orthopterists’ Society for financial support to conduct my field expedition trip to Yucatan through the Ted Cohn research grant for young researchers. To Dr. Rosaura Mayén-Estrada and Biól. Mar- garita Reyes-Santos for aid in material I Figure 2. Gregarine morphological diversity in some Orthopteran hosts. A) trophozoite from used in the field. To the Comité Estatal de Conocephalus ictus; B) gamont from Schistocerca nitens; C and D) gamonts from Xyleus sp., E) trophozoite from Taeniopoda centurio; F) trophozoite from T. centurio Sanidad Vegetal de Yucatán (CESVY), especially Dr. Mario Poot, for the support community, I have been able to find until late night. All that physical and in the field work. gregarines in every site and grasshop- mentally demanding work led to a per species (Fig. 2), which have made heatstroke and a car accident! (for an References me realize how persistent this biologi- entertaining narration of that adven- Clopton, R. E. 2002. Phylum Apicomplexa Levine, 1970: Order Eugregarinorida Léger, cal interaction is. ture, I refer to the Ted Cohn grant 1900. In: Lee, J. J., Leedale, G., Patterson, D. In every field expedition there are report of Bert in the previous issue). I & Bradbury, P. C. (ed.). Illustrated Guide to always challenges I must deal with. finally had a little bit of time to look the Protozoa, 2nd ed. Society of Protozo- Sometimes Orthoptera or gregarine for my parasites at the end of our ologists, Lawrence, KS. p.205–288. Desportes, I. 2013. Systematics of terrestrial communities are not as abundant as I mission; my colleague Bert got his and fresh water gregarines. In: Desportes, would wish, sometimes the weather desired data and I got gregarine cells I. & Schrével, J. (ed.), Treatise on Zoology– is not ideal for collecting bugs, some to continue with my research on the Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology: The Grega- regions even have local disputes taxonomy and systematics of orthop- rines, the Early Branching Apicomplexa, for land properties, and you must teran gregarines. Besides, I was able 1st ed., Vol. 2. Brill, Leiden, Netherlands. p. 377–671. be aware of where it is safe to catch to learn about the swarm behavior Medina-Durán, J. H., Mayén-Estrada, R., bugs and where it is not! Really good on locusts and I saw the marching of Mariño-Pérez, R. and Song. H. 2019. stories have come up for every single nymphs with my own eyes! Morphology and Phylogenetic Position of one of these expeditions. I can tell one Ultimately, the gratification of being Two New Gregarine Species (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinorida) Parasitizing the Lubber anecdote from a field trip to Yucatan in the field often surpasses any incon- Grasshopper Taeniopoda centurio (Drury, in October 2018, for which I was veniences that you face. Collecting 1770) (Insecta: Orthoptera: Romaleidae) in supported by the Ted Cohn fund. In bugs with friends and family, meeting Mexico. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. that expedition, I helped my colleague awesome and supportive people, and doi:10.1111/jeu.12748. Bert Foquet and my now-advisor visiting outstanding places are just a Simdyanov, T. G., Guillou, L., Diakin, A. Y., Mikhailov, K. V., Schrével, J. & Aleoshin, V. Hojun Song in the tracking of the few examples of why I love to do this. V. 2017. A new view on the morphology central American locust, S. piceifrons. Thanks to the support of many people and phylogeny of eugregarines suggested Although my main objective was and organizations my fieldwork on by the evidence from the gregarine Ancora to collect grasshoppers and hunt for Orthoptera have let me gain expertise sagittata (Leuckart, 1860) Labbé, 1899 (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinida). PeerJ, their gregarines, the work I was help- in both this awesome insect order and 5:e3354 ing them with was time-demanding, their tiny neglected parasites. With starting before dawn and didn’t finish all this work, I have been able to Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 9 METALEPTEA Genetic diversity in populations of Anonconotus italoaustriacus Nadig, 1987 (Insecta, Orthoptera) in North-East Italy By FEDERICO MARANGONI1, GIACOMO ORTIS2, ISABEL MARTINEZ SANUDO2, FILIPPO MARIA BUZZETTI1, LUCA MAZZON2 & GIONATA STANCHER1 1Fondazione Museo Civico di Rovereto, Borgo Santa Caterina, 41, Rovereto (TN), ITALY 2Università degli studi di Padova (DAFNAE), Viale dell’Università, 16, Legnaro (PD), ITALY [email protected] nonconotus is a genus of endemic Orthoptera En- sifera present in the Alps and the Apennines. In Ita- ly there are several Anon- AAconotus species mostly located in the western Alps, and only one in the eastern Alps: Anonconotus italoaustriacus Nadig, 1987 (Fig. 1) Figure 1. Anonconotus italoaustriacus in natural environment a. male of Vette Feltrine, b. (Galvagni and Fontana, 2004; 2005). female of Monte Elmo. (Photo by Marangoni F.) This species lives only above 2000 m in mountain heliofile grassland char- males have small tegmina that are The purpose of this study was to acterized by the presence of Juniperus used to court the female) and typically study the different populations of this sp., Rhododendron sp., and Erica sp. consists of small populations with low important endangered species and to (Fontana et al., 2002; Massa et al., density of individuals. identify the effective area occupied by 2012). To date only four populations Because of its restricted range to the species in northeastern Italy. After have been reported in the Italian terri- a few locations scattered between a careful analysis of the distribution tory, more precisely: the population of Italy and Austria, A. italoaustriacus of the population, genetic analysis the Belluno Dolomites (Vette Feltrine, has been included in the IUCN Red was carried out to characterize the Busa delle Vette, BL), Scilliar Group List as an endangered species (www. populations present in the territory (Alpe di Siusi, BZ), the population of iucnredlist.org). Studies focusing on and to verify possible differences San Candido (Monte Elmo, BZ), and its populations are therefore advisable among them. the Baldo Group (Monte Altissimo, to guarantee their conservation. TN) (Massa et al., 2012). Moreover, other populations of A. italoaustriacus are spread in the area of the High Tauren in Austrian territory (Illich et al., 2010; Zuna- Kratky et al., 2017). Anonconotus italoaustriacus is a medium-sized species with 17 mm medium-long males and 21 mm medium-long females, characterized Figure 2. The image on the left shows the areas in which the populations of A. italoaustriacus have been sampled. by green to brown 1. Monte Altissimo N45.810242 E10.888061. 2. Vette Feltrine N46.093044 E11.844104. 3. Alpi di Siusi N46.511438 colors. This species E11.589616. 4. Monte Elmo N46.713666 E12.386886. 5. Heinkerkalm N46.870157 E12.419225. The photo on the right shows the typical environment that in which A. italoaustriacus lives. is micropterous (the

Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 10 METALEPTEA Materials and Methods the First World In the summer seasons of 2018 and War this area was 2019 all areas in which populations heavily damaged were reported from the literature and populations of (Galvagni and Fontana, 2005) were A. italoaustriacus sampled, including Monte Elmo, could have been Alpi di Siusi, Monte Altissimo, and drastically reduced Vette Feltrine (Fig. 2). In the summer or even become of 2019 Austrian populations were extinct (Galvagni sampled at Hainkerkalm. and Fontana, A maximum of 20 specimens were 2005). In the areas taken in each station in the two-years studied here, the of samplings. Collected samples were different popula- preserved in absolute ethanol (99%) tions are present and at low temperatures according only in small areas to standard methodology for animals such as slopes destined for genetic analysis (Dutto, characterized by 2010). The “salting out” method vegetation with Patwary (1994) was used to extract alpine heliophilous the DNA from the metaphemoral grassland (Monte muscle. A fragment of the mitochon- Elmo and Alpi di drial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I Siusi) or in small (COI) gene was amplified from each portions of ter- Figure 3. Network TCS for COI gene. specimen. The PCR products were ritory as emerged purified with enzymes: exonuclease for the area of the (GE Healthcare) and Antarctic phos- Vette Feltrine. The available in the database. phatase (New England Bio Labs) and population of the Vette Feltrine, in The TCS network (Fig. 3) showed sequenced at BMR Genomics. The particular, is located only on a glacial that the 4 populations studied were electropherograms of the sequenced formation colonized by the alpenrose, characterized by a total of 5 haplo- samples were visualized and aligned Rhododendron sp. types. The most frequent haplotype, using the Clustal W software avail- For each site, the actual area of of H1 (n = 23) included samples from able on program MEGA X (Kumar, dispersion of the species was esti- the Monte Elmo and Heinkerkalm 2018) and corrected manually, where mated. It emerged that Monte Elmo populations. The Austrian popula- necessary, based on the chromato- was the locality with the largest area tion was also represented by a second grams obtained. The relationships of dispersion with 41.752 m2, fol- haplotype, H2 (n = 4). The other two between the different haplotypes were lowed by the area of the Alpi di Siusi Italian populations were represented analysed using the TCS software 1.21 with 39.726 m2 and finally the area of by 3 haplotypes, two present exclu- (Clement et al., 2000) set by default the Vette Feltrine with 2.350 m2. An sively in the Alpi di Siusi, H3 and H4 with a connection limit of 95%. The increased range was found in Alpi di (n = 18 and n = 1, respectively), and significance of the population struc- Siusi, compared to the area occupied one present in the Vette Feltrine, H5 ture was studied by analysing the mo- in the 2018 summer season (Buzzetti (n = 20). The network showed that lecular variance (AMOVA) (Excoffier et al., 2019). In the Austrian area, no the population of the Vette Feltrine et al., 1992; 2010). study of the species distribution was was the most phylogenetically distant, conducted because a single sampling given the high number of different Results and Discussion was carried out in 2019. bases between it and the other popula- Three populations of A. italoaus- The analysis of the mitochondrial tions. triacus were found in north-east Italy gene (COI) of 71 specimens sampled A clear geographical pattern ap- from the samples collected during the during the 2018 and 2019 summer peared when performing the AMOVA summer seasons of 2018 and 2019. seasons yielded 66 sequences 479 bp analysis. All the populations resulted In the two years of samplings, no long. A comparison of these sequenc- in being genetically different from specimens were retrieved in Monte es with the BoldSystem database each other (p < 0.01). Even if popu- Altissimo. Probably, this popula- showed a similarity of > 99% with lations of Monte Elmo and Hain- tion is extinct since the last available Anonconotus sp. To date, no sequenc- kerkalm shared one haplotype (H1), report is from Krauss, 1909. During es of the species A. italoaustriacus are the AMOVA test considered them Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 11 METALEPTEA as different populations. If we con- from each other. Further analysis Mitochondrial DNA Restriction Data. Genet- sider the location of the two areas of considering other molecular markers ics. 131(2): 479-91. interest and the ecology of A. italo- (e.g., COII) and new samples cover- Excoffier L., and Lischer H.E.L., 2010. Arlequin suite ver 3.5: a new series of programs to austriacus, it could be assumed that ing the whole distribution area will perform population genetics analyses un- these two populations have recently add more information regarding this der Linux and Windows. Molecular Ecology separated from each other and the important species. Subsequent bio- Resources. 10: 564–567. time elapsed has probably not been acoustical analyses will be carried out Fontana P., Buzzetti F.M., Cogo A. & Ode’ B., 2002. Guida al riconoscimento e allo studio sufficient to fix mutations. However, to verify if the singing of these areas di Cavallette, Grilli, Mantidi e Insetti affini further analysis extending the number also differ. del Veneto. (Blattaria, Mantodea, Isoptera, of samples, taking into consideration Orthoptera, Phasmatodea, Dermaptera, the whole area of the species, are Acknowledgements Embiidina). Museo Naturalistico Archeo- necessary to support that the Monte We thank the Orthopterists’ Society’s logico di Vicenza. Theodore J. Cohn Research Fund for its Galvagni A. and Fontana P., 2004. Le specie Elmo is an offshoot of the Austrian del genere Anonconotus Camerano, 1898, financial support. We thank the Fondazi- populations of the High Tauren. The delle Alpi Orientali (Insecta Orthoptera one Museo Civico di Rovereto and the Vette Feltrine population showed the Tettigoniidae). Atti Accademia Roveretana DAFNAE department of the University highest number of mutations. This degli Agiati. of Padua, which provided materials and Galvagni A. and Fontana P., 2005. Ulteriore could be due to the fact that it sepa- tools for carrying out this research. We contributo alla conoscenza del genere rated early from other populations and thank also the Dolomiti Bellunesi Park’s Anonconotus Camerano, 1878, sulle Alpi remained isolated in the southernmost Dr. Enrico Vettorazzo for the support. Occidentali italiane (Insecta Orthoptera area of the range. Tettigoniidae). Atti Accademia Roveretana In conclusion, this study showed degli Agiati. References Illich I., Werner S., Wittmann H. & Lindner R., that out of four A. italoaustriacus Buzzetti F.M., Marangoni F., Stancher G., 2010: Die Heuschrecken Salzburgs. – Salz- populations previously reported in Fontana P., Mazzon L., 2019. Population dy- burger Natur-Monographien 1, Verl. Haus Italy, to date, only three are remain- namics and characterization of Anoncono- der Natur. Pp. 35-36:74-75. tus italoaustriacus Nadig, 1987 (Orthop- Massa B., Fontana P., Buzzetti F.M., Kleukers ing, although in two sites they occupy tera, Tettigoniidae) in North-East Italy. 13th 2 R. & Odé B., 2012. Fauna d’Italia Vol. XLVIII an area greater than 30.000 m , but International Congress of Orthopterology. Orthoptera. Edagricole. Pp. 267-268. the populations were characterized Agadir (Marocco). Patwary M.U., kenchington E.L., Bird C.J., by low detectability. This species Clement M., Posada D. and Crandall K.A., Zouros E., 1994. The use of random ampli- 2000. TCS: a computer program to estimate is still threatened by the loss of its fied polymorphic DNA markers in a genetic gene genealogies. Molecular Ecology. 9: Placopecten habitat, due to the intensive grazing studies of the sea scallop 1657–1659. magellanicus (Gmelin, 1791). Journal of in alpine grassland. This supports the Dutto M. e Guidotti M., 2010. Considerazioni Shellfish Research. 13.2: 547-553. classification ofA. italoaustriacus as sul corretto impiego dell’alcool etilico nei Zuna-Kratky T., Landmann A., Illich I., Zechner an endemic species to be protected, laboratori di zoologia. Museologia scienti- L., Essl F., Lechner K., Ortner A., Weißmair fica. 4(1-2): 118-126. to prevent the extinction of it on the W., Wöss G., 2017. Die Heuschrecken Ös- Excoffier L., Smouse P.E. and Quattro J.M., terreichs. Denisia. Pp. 401-405. Eastern Alps. The genetic analyses 1992. Analysis of Molecular Variance www.iucnredlist.org showed that all the populations in- Inferred From Metric Distances Among vestigated in this study are separated DNA Haplotypes: Application to Human The impacts of traffic noise on fitness-related traits in the Pacific field cricket,Teleogryllus oceanicus By GABRIELLE A. GURULE-SMALL & ROBIN M. TINGHITELLA Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, USA [email protected] he reach of anthropo- 2010). Unfortunately, many animals 2007). Evolutionary change could genic noise is expansive, are unable to find preferred habitat theoretically offer an avenue to impacting even relatively that is not impacted by anthropogenic respond to such disturbances, but is protected habitats. For noise (Barber et al. 2010, Buxton et often too slow to keep pace with rapid instance, over 83% of the al. 2017). Furthermore, most forms of environmental change. This leaves TT continental United States anthropogenically induced environ- animals with the options to leave their experiences vehicular noise, includ- mental change impose novel selective homes or make phenotypically plastic ing lands such as national parks and pressures that are stronger than those adjustments that facilitate persistence. wildlife conservancies (Barber et al. historically experienced (Ghalambor Recent research, however, suggests

Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 12 METALEPTEA system as they live ability to locate a simulated male. We in habitats exposed found that exposure to vehicular traf- to various degrees fic noise hindered females in locating of anthropogenic a simulated calling male, regardless disturbance (urban of the acoustic condition (masking, lots to untouched non-masking, silence) under which fields across the Pa- females were tested; those reared in cific), are relatively masking noise took longer to contact short-lived, have the speaker broadcasting male song well-characterized (Gurule-Small and Tinghitella 2018). mating behaviors, This difference was driven by the and produce a amount of time it took females to be- sexual signal that gin moving in the search for the male, overlaps in fre- rather than the search time once she quency with traffic got moving. Taking longer to locate a noise. In both potential partner in a polygynandrous Figure 1. Photo of adult male (left) courting an adult female (right) experiments we mating system could limit lifetime Teleogryllus oceanicus. used a common ex- mating opportunities and potentially perimental design reduce the number of or viability of many phenotypically plastic respons- in which we reared offspring. es are often maladaptive (Schlaepfer, field crickets under recorded masking In the second experiment, we Runge, & Sherman, 2002, Battin, noise (that overlaps in frequency with employed the same treatments, but 2004). the crickets’ signal), non-masking exposed animals to the noise tracks Anthropogenic noise has dra- noise from which we removed the or silence chronically, throughout matic effects on animal behavior and frequencies that overlap with the life. Elucidating the lifetime fitness physiology (e.g. Wright et al. 2007, crickets’ song, or silence (Fig. 2). consequences of noise is difficult Barber et al. 2010, Kight & Swaddle In the first experiment, we 1) asked in long-lived vertebrate systems, so 2011, Kunc et al. 2016). Noise could if pre-reproductive exposure to traffic following an invertebrate carefully have negative impacts on fitness and noise impacts adult females’ ability throughout life revealed new insights reproductive success through effects to locate a mate, and, if so, 2) does into the consequences of exposure on signals and signaling strategies developing in noise facilitate mate to traffic noise. We assessed how a (e.g. Lampe et al. 2014, Orci et al. location when searching in noisy comprehensive suite of life-history 2016), mate competition behaviour, environments? After rearing in one of traits responded to noise exposure mate preferences and location (e.g. the three treatments, at sexual matu- and found that chronic exposure Cunnington & Fahrig 2013), and rity, females underwent a single pho- to masking noise delayed maturity parental investment (e.g. Nedelec et notaxis trial in which we tested their and reduced adult lifespan (Gurule- al. 2017). Furthermore, organisms that use acoustic signals to attract mates may be disproportionately negatively affected by anthropogenic noise. In a series of two experiments supported by funds from the Orthopterists’ Society, we 1) investigated whether experience with traffic noise primes receivers (females in this case) for locating mates in noisy environments once they reach adulthood through developmental plasticity (Gurule-Small and Tinghitella 2018), and 2) investigated the life-history consequences of exposure to chronic traffic noise (Gurule-Small and Tinghitella 2019). The Pacific field cricket,Teleogryllus Figure 2. Visualization of female rearing conditions (top boxes) and assignment to mate loca- oceanicus (Fig. 1), is an ideal study tion trials (bottom). Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 13 METALEPTEA Small and Tinghitella 2019). Crickets tion of animal populations. Conservation (2016). Aquatic noise pollution: implica- exposed to masking noise spent 23% Biology, 18(6), 1482-1491. tions for individuals, populations, and eco- longer in vulnerable juvenile stages Buxton, R. T., McKenna, M. F., Mennitt, D., systems. Proceedings of the Royal Society B Fristrup, K., Crooks, K., Angeloni, L., & 283, 20160839. and had adult lives that were 13% Wittemyer, G. (2017). Noise pollution is Lampe U., Reinhold K., Schmoll T. (2014). shorter. In sum, our results highlight pervasive in US protected areas. Science, How grasshoppers respond to road noise: numerous ways in which exposure to 356(6337), 531-533. developmental plasticity and population traffic noise may reduce invertebrate Cunnington G. M., Fahrig L. (2013). Mate at- differentiation in acoustic signalling. Func- traction by male anurans in the presence tional Ecology 28(3), 660-8. fitness and we encourage future work of traffic noise. Animal Conservation 16, Orci K. M., Petr.czki K., Barta Z. (2016). Instan- that considers the effects of anthropo- 275-85. taneous song modification in response to genic disturbance on suites of traits Ghalambor, C. K., McKay, J. K., Carroll, S. P. fluctuating traffic noise in the tree cricket because the effects of disturbance on & Reznick, D. N. (2007). Adaptive versus Oecanthus pellucens. Animal Behaviour growth, survival, and reproduction non-adaptive phenotypic plasticity and the 112, 187-94. potential for contemporary adaptation in Nedelec S. L., Radford A. N., Pearl L., Nedelec may amplify or nullify one another. new environments. Functional Ecology 21, B., McCormick M. I., Meekan M. G., Simp- 394–407. son S. D. (2017). Motorboat noise impacts Acknowledgements Gurule-Small, G. A., & Tinghitella, R. M. parental behaviour and offspring survival in We graciously thank the Orthopterists’ (2018). Developmental experience with a reef fish. Proceedings of the Royal Society Society for aiding in this novel work anthropogenic noise hinders adult mate B 284, 20170143. location in an acoustically signalling inver- Schlaepfer, M. A., Runge, M. C., & Sherman, through funding from the Theodore J. tebrate. Biology Letters 14(2), 20170714. P. W. (2002). Ecological and evolution- Cohn Research Fund. Gurule‐Small, G. A., & Tinghitella, R. M. ary traps. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, (2019). Life history consequences of 17(10), 474-480. References developing in anthropogenic noise. Global Wright A. J., Soto N. A., Baldwin A. L., Bateson Barber, J. R., Crooks, K. R., & Fristrup, K. M. Change Biology, 25(6), 1957-1966. M., Beale C. M., Clark C., Deak T., Edwards (2010). The costs of chronic noise exposure Kight C. R., Swaddle J. P. (2011). How and why E. F., Fernandez A., Godinho A., Hatch L. T. for terrestrial organisms. Trends in Ecology environmental noise impacts animals: an (2007). Anthropogenic noise as a stressor & Evolution, 25(3), 180-189. integrative, mechanistic review. Ecology in animals: a multidisciplinary perspec- Battin, J. (2004). When good animals love bad Letters 14, 1052-61. tive. International Journal of Comparative habitats: ecological traps and the conserva- Kunc H. P., McLaughlin K. E., Schmidt R. Psychology 31, 20. Orthoptera Species File Grant Reports Photographic database of North African Acridomorpha (Orthoptera, Caelifera) type specimens deposited at NHM London By ABDELHAMID MOUSSI1 & HAITHEM TLILI2 1University of Biskra, ALGERIA [email protected] 2University of Tunis El Manar, TUNISIA he Northwestern African have been deposited in, and refer- including diagnoses, photos, distri- countries (Western Sa- enced from, European museums. bution maps, and keys for families, hara, Morocco, Algeria, Until recently, Chopard’s book “ subfamilies, genera and species. and Tunisia) represent Orthoptéroïdes de l’Afrique du Nord” At a worldwide level, the checklist original biogeographical published in 1943 was viewed as a proposed by the Orthopterists’ Soci- TT zones in terms of diver- foundation of North African orthop- ety, accessible as Orthoptera Spe- sity of ecosystems and biotas. For terans’ knowledge. In the last few cies File (OSF) v. 5.0/5.0 contains all a long time, entomologists from all years, the checklist of Orthoptera the described species of Orthoptera around the world contributed to the from North Africa has been updated of the world. For Northwest African knowledge of North African Orthop- and digitized by Louveaux et al. Caelifera, part of the information tera. Entomologists, such as Bonnet, (2019) as an internet knowledge proposed in AcriNWAfrica is ac- Finot, Vosseler, Chopard, Uvarov, database under the name of “Orthop- cessible in the OSF. The latter site, Krauss, Harz, Dirsh, Mistshenko, and tères Acridomorpha de l’Afrique du however, lacks the large information Johnston have improved our knowl- Nord-Ouest” version 2.1. This work on species variation and distributions edge on the African orthopterans. is available online as AcriNWAfrica that could be generated by taking into Almost all the specimens collected and includes a huge quantity of data, account all the specimens deposited by the authors previously mentioned with information on each species, in Museums. To improve biodiversity Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 14 METALEPTEA genitalia of these specimens, despite their importance for the identification of taxa.

Two weeks inside the NHM, Lon- don: We visited the museum from 1st of April to 15th of April 2019. We had the opportunity to explore the Or- thoptera collection of NHM, London Figure 1. Habitus of Sphingonotus (Sphingonotus) maroccanus Uvarov, 1930: A–C, Holotype and their high quality preservation, male, dorsal view (A), labels (B), lateral view (C). Scale bar 1 cm. guided by the senior curator in charge, Ben Price, and his colleague, Judith Marshall.

Examination and digitalisation: Our observations were facilitated by the systematic classification of the specimens in the boxes and of boxes in the collection. The specimens were photographed with a Canon EOS 5DS R camera fitted with Canon 100mm EF 2.8L Macro IS USM lens, with a size scale of 1cm. Labels were also Figure 2. Habitus of Tmethis harterti Uvarov, 1923: A–C, Holotype female, dorsal view (A), photographed. Then, we edited the labels (B), lateral view (C). Scale bar 1 cm. images using Adobe Photoshop CS6 2012. Genitalia images were also taken using the same camera fitted with a Canon macro lens MP-E 65mm f/2,8. Identifications of all photographed specimens were checked.

Results: During our research visit, we examined 45 boxes and about 80 male and female specimens of caeliferans with different taxonomic status (holotype, allotype, paratype, syntype, or neo- type). These specimens represent 3 Figure 3. Habitus of Paraeumigus montanus (Werner, 1931): A–C, Syntype female, dorsal view families, 9 subfamilies, 40 genera and (A), labels (B), lateral view (C). Scale bar 1 cm. 45 species. More than 200 photographs of specimens in lateral and knowledge, these data can actu- The main objective of the project: dorsal view, plus their labels, were ally be incorporated into a database The main objective of our project was taken. provided it is validated by specimen to generate a photographic database examination and re-identification. for the North African Acridomorpha Name of our data source: © The From this perspective, the Natural (Orthoptera, Caelifera) type speci- Natural History Museum [formerly History Museum, London, is one of mens deposited at NHM, London. British Museum (Natural History)], the most important depositories of By browsing the OSF website, we London (BMNH), photo Haithem holotypes and other specimens from observed that many holotype speci- Tlili & Abdelhamid Moussi [Source the countries in our study area, fully mens deposited in the NHM had not used for image]. complementary with the collections of been photographed and published the MNHN used to build the AcriN- yet on the website. In addition, there Making information available via WAfrica website. were almost no images of the external modern technologies: Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 15 METALEPTEA In addition to the principal goal of our • An updated list of the type speci- Acknowledgements: project, we provided for each specimens of Caelifera (Orthoptera) First of all, we thank the Orthopterists’ mens examined a « Quick Response from North Africa deposited at Society for funding this project via a Code QR » with a « Barcode Number NHM, London. 2019 OSF Grant. We thank Ben Price and eg. NHMUK 012345678 ». These • A new species of the genus Lep- Judith Marshall from the Natural History Museum (NHM) from London (United supplementary data will eventually topternis Saussure, 1884 (Acridi- Kingdom) for their kind support for our enable easy access with the QR Code dae: Oedipodinae) from Morocco. research visit of the Orthoptera collection. Reader Apps. We also thank Laure Desutter-Grandcolas Perspectives: for the support of our application for this Forthcoming publications: We aim to expand this study on caelif- grant. Our warm thanks go also to Ioana Based on the supplementary informa- erans to other geographical regions of Chintauan-Marquier for her help in im- tion collected during our research visit Africa, particularly to countries from proving the report. of the NHM, London, we are going to North-East Africa (Libya and Egypt), prepare two publications: but also countries from Western Asia.

Re-inventory of grasshoppers (Acrididae: Gomphocerinae: Hypernephiini) of North and Central Asia By MICHAEL G. SERGEEV & VLADIMIR V. MOLLODTSOV Novosibirsk State University Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals (Novosibirsk), RUSSIA [email protected]

orth and Central Asia ed several genera in the tribe, namely Grigorija Mistshenko – 1, Hebetacris occupies huge areas Hypernephia Uvarov, Eclipophleps Liu – 1, Hypernephia Uvarov – 2, of the former USSR, Serg. Tarbinsky, Oreoptygonotus Oknosacris Liu – 1, Oreoptygonotus Mongolia, and adjacent Serg. Tarbinsky, Saxetophilus Umnov, Serg. Tarbinsky – 7, Ptygippus Mist- territories of China. Ptygippus Mistshenko, Anaptygus shenko – 1, Saxetophilus Umnov – 4, NN The general distribution Mistshenko, and Dysanema Uvarov. and Stristernum Liu – 1. of Orthoptera in this region reflects Several genera and many new species The main objectives of this project the southern thermophilic character were described after the main publica- were (1) to check type specimens and of these insects and their common tions of Mistshenko. The Orthoptera the Hypernephiini collections of Zoo- association with open habitats, such Species File [Cigliano et al., 2019] logical Institute (Saint Petersburg), as different grasslands, openings, currently includes 13 genera and 48 the collections of Novosibirsk State bogs etc. There are a lot of endemic species: Anaptygus Mistshenko – 6 University and Institute of Systemat- genera, species, and subspecies in the species, Asonus Yin – 6, Caucasippus ics and Ecology of Animals (Novosi- mountains of the southern part of the Uvarov – 1, Dysanema Uvarov – 4, birsk), and published descriptions of region. This diversity is associated Eclipophleps Serg. Tarbinsky –13, genera and species of Hypernephiini with a high diversity of biomes and natural regions. One of the most interesting and intriguing groups of the gomphocer- ine grasshoppers is the tribe Hyper- nephiini. This tribe was erected by Leo Mistshenko in 1973 (Mistshenko, 1973: 95) for several brachypterous and apterous genera of Gompho- cerinae. He described three main morphological traits of these genera: reduced wings (up to full absence), well-developed fastigial foveolae, and more or less straight or explicitly excised posterior dorsal edge of the pronotum. Mistshenko (1973) includ- Figure 1. Holotype (male) of Eclipophleps glacialis Bey-Bienko

Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 16 METALEPTEA Table 1. List of species for which photographs were taken. collections of Novosibirsk State Uni- versity, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals and Zoological Institute (Petersburg); (5) comparative analyses of traits of museum specimens from the collections of Novo- sibirsk State University, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals (Novosibirsk) and Zoological Institute (Petersburg) and traits described in published articles and revisions of the genus Eclipophleps and the general composition of the tribe.

Results. We organized the field trip to the central part of the Altay- Sayan Mts. and tried again to find the northernmost populations of the tribe Hypernephiini. We explored the mountain ecosystems of Academician Obruchev Range above the timber- line, but without success. This means the northernmost known locality of and to analyze their possible rela- were based on the following complex this tribe remains in SE Altay (Kurajs- tions on the basis of morphological of methods and approaches: (1) digital kiy Range, southern slope) (50o 07’ N traits; (2) to organize a field trip to mapping of species distribution; (2) – Eclipophleps glacialis Bey-Bienko) the central part of the Altay-Sayan an analysis of existing geographical (Sergeev, 2016) (Fig. 1). Mts and to make some new attempts schemes for the region, their evalua- We studied the collections of Zoo- to find the northernmost populations tion and development of the scheme logical Institute (Petersburg), Novosi- of these grasshoppers; (3) to add new applicable for the OSF; (3) a com- birsk State University, and Institute of pictures of type specimens and other parative analysis of published data for Systematics and Ecology of Animals, museum specimens; (4) to add new the region; (4) preparation of photo- mainly holotypes and paratypes, data about distribution of local species graphs of the habitus, diagnostic traits took a lot of photographs (>1,800) including georeferenced points; (5) to and labels of type specimens and of whole specimens, their labels, and re-invent existing data in the OSF and other museum specimens from the some important details. Some pictures to correct them (when needed); (6) to develop a new spatial scheme for the region based on the distribution of the life zones and mountain systems; (7) to characterize species distribution on the basis of the new spatial scheme.

Methods. A set of the following approaches and methods were used for field studies: (1) qualitative and quantitative samples of grasshoppers will be taken along transects cross- ing altitudinal series of ecosystems and the geographic coordinates of all sampling locations will be determined using GPS/Glonass; (2) main characteristics of vegetation and soils will be determined for each of the studied terrestrial ecosystem. Laboratory studies Figure 2. General distribution patterns of the Hypernephiini grasshoppers Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 17 METALEPTEA (137) of 17 species from 8 genera and Hengduanshan. Some members Acknowledgements were selected (commonly lateral, dor- of these groups are extremely abun- The authors wish to express their sincere sal and ventral views of type speci- dant and may be pests, others may be thanks to A.V. Gorochov (Zoological In- mens) and added to the OSF database very rare. stitute, St. Petersburg) for advice, interac- (see Table 1). The composition of the tribe and tions, and cooperations during our studies in the collections of ZI and to all collec- All applicable publications and relations between different genera tors of specimens. MGS is also indebted labels of the museum specimens were should be revised in the future. For to all companions during the field trips to analyzed. In almost all cases, the instance, Sergeev (1995) proposed Tuva and adjacent areas. georeferenced points and altitudes to include some other genera in this were determined on some printed tribe. “Fauna Sinica” (Zheng, Xia, References maps and/or by Google Earth Pro (© 1998) also includes some several ad- Cigliano M.M., Braun Н., Eades D.C., Otte Google, 2019) and/or ArcGIS Ex- ditional genera from this grasshopper D. 2019. Orthoptera Species File. Version plorer (© Esri, 2014) instruments. The group (as the members of Asoninae 5.0/5.0. http://Orthoptera.SpeciesFile.org [retrieval date 25.10.2019] geographic coordinates of some lo- and Dysaneminae; both subfami- Mistshenko L.L. 1973. Grasshoppers of the calities were corrected after the analy- lies were synonymized by Sergeev genus Eclipophleps Serg. Tarb. (Orthoptera, sis of some old publications about (1995)). Besides, based on the general Acrididae). Revue d’Entomologie de l’USSR. the expeditions (e.g., in Tibet). More distribution patterns of several genera 52(1): 94–107. than 100 localities were added. Now we suspect that at least some of them Sergeev M.G. 1995. The general distribution of Orthoptera in the eastern part of the OSF database includes geographic could be divided into two separate the Saharan-Gobian and Scythian Subre- coordinates for almost all species of genera each. gions. Acta zoologica cracoviensia. 38(2): the tribe. The geographic distribution Unfortunately, almost all problem- 213–256. of the Hypernephiini is very interest- atic taxa are described from China Sergeev M.G. 2016. Orthopteran assemblages in the arid mountains of extra-tropic ing and strange (Fig. 2). These short- and their types are in some regional Eurasia. Euroasian Entomological Journal. winged forms settle mainly in the arid collections. Additionally, note that the 15(6): 505–513. [In Russian] mountains of East Kazakhstan and OSF includes some duplicate remarks Zheng Zh., Xia Kailing (eds.) 1998. Fauna Sini- Mongolia. Some genera are limited by for several species from this group but ca. Insecta. Vol. 10. Orthoptera: Acridoidea: the mountains of Tien Shan, Zagros, under different generic names. Oedipodidae and Arcypteridae. Science Press, Beijing. xv + 616 pp. the East Himalayas, Tibetan Plateau, Orthoptera of the Eastern Balkans and the Carpathian Basin (Bulgaria, Macedonia, NE Greece and Romania): a database of collections, literature and digital data in the Orthoptera Species File with additional data for Kazakhstan By DRAGAN P. CHOBANOV1, IONUŢ Ş. IORGU2, ELENA I. IORGU2 & SIMEON B. BORISOV1 1Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel boul., 1000 Sofia, BULGARIA 2“Grigore Antipa” National Museum of Natural History, Kiseleff blvd. 1, Bucharest, ROMANIA [email protected]

ccording to a recent esti- high levels of endemism and migra- Eastern Balkan Peninsula, and the mate (IUCN SSC Grass- tion events. The connections with the Carpathian Basin (incl. Romania, hopper Specialist Group), Anatolian Plate and Europe over long Bulgaria, Republic of Macedonia, and about 1083 species of Or- geological periods provided migration Northeastern Greece) as target territo- thoptera occur within the routes for species of different origin ry for collecting data to contribute to AAborders of Europe as re- and produced communities of mixed the Orthoptera Species File. This area garded in the Fauna Europaea (http:// origin; the complex geomorphology has a high level of endemism (over www.faunaeur.org/). Over 40% of provided land bridges for latitudinal 30%), includes many local endemics, these taxa are represented on the Bal- and altitudinal expansions of some and is characterized by many unique kan Peninsula. Including the Carpath- species, at the same time being barri- and representative communities. We ian Basin this percentage grows over ers for others and in combination with estimate the faunal richness at about 50 (e.g. Heller et al. 1998. Articulata the diverse climate resulted in vast 310 valid taxa of the species and sub- 7: 1-61). This richness is the result of evolutionary radiation. species category. Additionally, over the combination of a variety of habi- For the present project we se- 50 taxa described from the concerned tats, glacial and interglacial refugia, lected the territory of the Central and region are presently considered syn- Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 18 METALEPTEA onymic. The proposed project aimed to contribute to the Orthoptera Species File database with information on Orthoptera from nature, collections, literature, and databases covering the region of the Central and Eastern Balkan Peninsula and the Carpathian Basin on the territories of Bulgaria, NE Greece, Macedonia, and Romania. Additionally, any interesting records and materials available from outside these areas may be added.

Realization During this project we performed field Figure 1. Sampled localities in the Western Palaearctic (Balkans and Kazakhstan) (as seen on trips around the Balkans – Greece, Google Earth, 2019). Bulgaria, Romania, Republic of North of the habitat they were found in. The prices in case of lack of fuel, etc. Macedonia, Montenegro (for sam- latter types of photos were given pri- pling sites, see Fig. 1). A special trip ority over photos of dead specimens Results was organised to Kazakhstan in 2016 and sound recordings. Our results currently cover only pho- that was an addition to the project as Preliminary ideas for field trips tos uploaded into the OSF database. an opportunity to collect data in this were almost fully covered in the end Within the project period we uploaded poorly known area. with some exceptions due to worsen- 575 photos of 221 taxa and their Special trips were organized ing conditions for field trips in some habitats taken in vivo (or a few living in Kazakhstan (June 7 – July 11, areas or surcharges due to poor costs in captivity) comprising 197 species 2016), Montenegro (July 6–9, 2017), planning for the trip in Centra Asia. with 24 additional subspecies from Greece – mainland (May 30 – June 7, Now we know that additional costs the Balkans and Central Asia col- 2017), Greece – Aegean islands and should be considered for such remote lected in 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019. mainland (May 13–30, 2018). Photo poorly developed areas for covering We contributed mostly with photos of samplings in Bulgaria, Romania, and accidental car repairs, much higher endemic taxa and poorly known ones, Republic of North Macedonia have been performed on occasion during the whole period, 2016–2018. As we delayed completing the project we also added field photos from 2019 taken during trips financed by other sources.

Remarks Results from the trips in 2016 are reported in an intermediate report published in Metaleptea 37(2). During this project we realized that photos of both rare and very common taxa of Orthoptera are missing in the OSF database. Also, museum specimens are much better represented than live animals in the OSF photo archive. Hence, we concentrated our effort on uploading photos of grasshoppers, crickets, and bushcrickets in their natural environment as well as Figure 2. Photo of a poorly known species from a monotypic genus occurring in Central Asia for some interesting taxa, plus photos uploaded in OSF. Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 19 METALEPTEA politics, and chance Table 1. Uploaded photos by taxa and may pose significant country obstacles during field trips... a vehi- cle can surprisingly break down in the middle of nowhere or the season that started early this year may surprise you the next and the planned trip to catch early species may Table 2. Genera we paid main attention result in a search of to first instar nymphs that you have to raise on the road. Yet, we were happy Figure 3. Data for a specimen record of Ptetica cristulata included in with the diversity of OSF. beautiful rare or- including ca. 32 with distribution in thopterans we have Central Asia (Kazakhstan). For most met, photographed, and recorded. larly. of the taxa photos were uploaded for The uploaded 575 photos of 221 taxa The OSF grants are a great oppor- the first time to OSF (Fig. 2). For all and their habitats are just part of the tunity and relief for scientists with specimens, precise collecting data was growing sample of photos and still low scientific support in their own also provided (Fig. 3). unprocessed recordings we collected country. We appreciate this funding and continue to collect. This does not possibility with public, educational, Conclusions mean we will stop our contributions and scientific purpose, and thank the Results do not always fully reflect to the OSF. This largest database for Orthopterists’ Society in cooperation planning, especially when live Orthoptera needs to be supplemented with the Illinois Natural History Sur- animals are considered and seasons, and our data will be uploaded regu- vey for supporting our project! National Meeting of the Locust Campaign 2019, Mexico By MARIO A. POOT-PECH1, E. GARCIA-LUCAS2, J. FERIA-GARCIA2, M.J. GARCÍA-RAMÍREZ3 & R. MUNGUIA-ROSALES1 1Yucatán Plant Health (CESVY), MÉXICO 2National Service for Agri-Food Health, Safety and Quality (SENASICA), MÉXICO 3Campeche State University, MÉXICO [email protected] he Central American Lo- out. for Agri-Food Health, Safety and cust (CAL), Schistocerca The origin of the campaign against Quality) with influence on 11 States piceifrons piceifrons CAL goes back to 1924 when “the (Fig. 1). Around of 475,000 ha per Walker 1870 (Orthoptera: law of plagues” was published; year of grassland, maize, sugar cane, Acrididae), is the most however, Felipe II, since 1593, in and forest vegetation are monitored. TT important locust species the courts of Madrid, enacted the The most important breeding zone in Mexico and Central America. In ordinances for the control of locusts, in Mexico and Central America is Mexico, despite the efforts to sur- which was the first regulation against the Yucatan Peninsula (Yucatan, vey and monitor CAL populations, this pest in Mexico. Management of Campeche, and Quintana Roo States) outbreaks are still difficult to predict CAL in Mexico is through a locust with around 400,000 ha, of which the and could cause significant damage if permanent campaign coordinated cultivated rangelands are the principal preventive management is not carried by SENASICA (National Service biotopes of the locust. Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 20 METALEPTEA ing and a technical workshop.

Locust Campaign Meeting In general, the situation in Mexico in 2019 was of low population in solitary phase, except for Campeche State where the gregarious phase was present. In this state in January-March swarms arrived from Yucatan State and reached two generations (June- September and October-December to the present), however, it is de- creasing because monitoring actions were strengthened as well as control strategies. January to November was detected and treated by ground: 3,289 ha where 455 ha was treated with the fungal pathogen Metarhizium acridum. Additionally, Guerrero State has Figure 1. Influence of the locust campaign in Mexico. a Locust Surveillance Program.

The strategies Problems in the campaign • In January, the swarms arrived operations are to areas of difficult access in survey, inter- Campeche State: forest zone, also vention actions difficult to control. (biological or • Remoteness and inaccessibility of chemical control), the primary locust breeding areas locust field of- of hopper bands, cultivated range- ficers or croppers land mix with forest area, are hard training, diffu- to locate. sion of the locust • The inaccessibility of the breed- campaign, and an ing areas of CAL in the forest Figure 2. ha infested and treated, until November 2019, in Mexico. analysis-evalua- continue to complicate planning tion at the end of and implementing of effective each program. A control operations. locust campaign development Results meeting was held • The locust campaign emphasized in November 27- the need for a permanent system 29, 2019 with the of well-organized surveys of areas objective of co- that have recently received rains, ordination among been flooded, or are swarm migra- States and creat- tion routes, backed up by control ing agreements to capabilities to treat hoppers and reduce the pos- adults efficiently in an environ- sibility of locust mentally safe and cost-effective outbreaks through manner. early detection- • Only Campeche State has gregari- intervention. ous populations, however this has This event was Figure 3. Locust meeting 2019, Mexico. been reduced by coordination developed in two efforts between State and Federal parts: the locust Government. campaign meet- • The other states will continue Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 21 METALEPTEA

Figure 5. 5th instar nymph and gregarious Figure 4. Support of drone in night control on swarm and explanation about development of adult of S. piceifrons piceifrons. emergency/contingency protocols. Technical workshop in the field on doing continuous monitoring for outbreaks in subsequent years will Locusts early detection. be obtained for every State. One of the objectives of the locust • There was no damage in agricul- • Continue with the use of drones workshop is to increase the technical ture. as support for monitoring and capacity of the field locust officers control operations (aerial applica- and to improve response mechanisms Perspectives tions), emphasizing preventive to locust outbreaks, which led to the • In the 2020 locust program the applications with M. acridum. development of the locust workshop. use of remote sensing will be • Continue training with the field The content was surveying of bands included, emphasizing mating- locust officers. and swarms (by ground and drone), raining periods and previous • Probably presence of patches and development of emergency/contin- oviposition. gregarious formations in Yucatán gency protocols, insecticide evalua- • With historical information State. tion of low-high impact, and develop- of locust outbreaks, a forecast ment of GIS (Geographic Information (stochastic models) on possible System). Recap of 2018/2019 ESA Organized Meetings: “Small Orders, Big Ideas (Polyneoptera)” By BERT FOQUET1, DEREK A. WOLLER2 & HOJUN SONG1 1Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, USA 2USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T Phoenix Lab, AZ, USA [email protected] n 2014, an orthopteroid mem- in 2018 to establish it as an ”orga- will give students great experience in ber symposium was organized nized meeting” instead of a “member organizing scientific meetings. for the first time at the an- symposium.” While the general con- Over the last two years, the ESA nual Entomological Society of cept remains unaltered, the Organized conference took place, respectively, America (ESA) conference, Meeting, known as “Small Orders, in Vancouver, Canada, and St. Louis, II with presentations by both Big Ideas (Polyneoptera),” is now es- Missouri, U.S.A. during which we students and seasoned researchers and sentially guaranteed to be a mainstay had, respectively, 10 and 9 speakers. topics covering many of the extant at ESA conferences for years to come As before, part of the success of this orders of Polyneoptera (Blattodea because organized meetings are more Organized Meeting is the good mix (+Isoptera), Dermaptera, Embiidina, likely to be approved each year. Also, between graduate students and expe- Grylloblattodea, Mantodea, Manto- the goal is to have Derek and Hojun rienced postdocs, professors and other phasmatodea, Orthoptera, Phasma- co-organize the meeting each year researchers. Moreover, we attracted todea, Plecoptera, and Zoraptera). with the assistance of a student. Derek keynote speakers from abroad each This symposium quickly became a and Hojun’s roles will be to apply of the two years. In 2018, Fernando tradition and due to the overwhelm- for the meeting and assist the student Montealegre-Z traveled all the way ing success in its first four years (see as needed while he/she will invite from the United Kingdom to dive into recap reports in Metaleptea 35(1), speakers, moderate the meeting, and the acoustic world of orthopterans, 36(1), 37(1), and 38(1)), we applied write the recap for Metaleptea, which while in 2019 Clint Kelly flew in from Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 22 METALEPTEA abstract and figure for most of the talks are provided below for the last two years. As part of the tradition, every year the Organized Meeting is concluded with a dinner in a local res- taurant where all speakers are invited, as well as anyone else interested in attending (e.g., Fig 3). Finally, we have a request for students working on polyneopteran insects. As mentioned earlier, every year, one of the organizers of this Polyneoptera get-together is a student, which has been Bert’s role for the last two years. Not only is this a unique opportunity to learn about the organization of Symposia, Organized Meet- ings, and even conferences, it also Figure 1. ESA, 2018 Speakers & Organizers (left to right): Dan Johnson, Kevin Judge, Hojun brings you in contact with some of the Song, Nathalie Baena-Bejarano, Derek A. Woller, Fernando Montealegre-Z, Laurel Symes, Bert most interesting researchers focusing Foquet, Sydney Brannoch, Sean Schoville, Timothy K. O’Connor, and Jantina Toxopeus. Not pictured: Douglas Lawton. on Polyneoptera. Ideally, the student will have been a presenter in the Or- ganized Meeting, but it’s not required. If the meeting is approved for the 2020 ESA meeting, two students who presented in the 2019 meeting have already volunteered to be co-organizers. If you don’t feel like you want to take up this responsibility in 2021 and beyond, but still want to present during our Organized Meeting next year or in the future, feel free to also contact Derek and Hojun! They are looking forward to your response!!

Figure 2. ESA, 2019 Speakers & Organizers (left to right): rear: Clint Kelly, Jeffrey Cole, Deanna Zembrzuski, Janice S. Edgerly, Abigail Hayes, JoVonn Hill; front: Michael Milam, Bert Foquet, Derek A. Woller, James A. Robertson, and Jorge Medina-Duran.

Canada to tell us the exciting story of of the Polyneopteran sexual selection and alternative mat- orders (Embiidina, Gryl- ing strategies in Wellington tree weta. loblattodea, Mantodea, Furthermore, in 2018, we had presen- Phasmatodea) and a tations from Dan Johnson, Timothy large variety of orthop- K. O’Connor, Douglas Lawton, Sean terans. Moreover, a Schoville, Nathalie Baena-Bejarano, diverse amount of topics Jantina Toxopeus, Kevin Judge, were discussed, ranging Sydney Brannoch, and Laurel Symes from conservation and (Fig. 1). In 2019, we had JoVonn Hill, detection via acoustics to Jeffrey Cole, Jorge Medina-Duran, mating and egg produc- Michael Milam, Janice S. Edgerly, tion to gut parasites. James A. Robertson, Abigail Hayes, If you would like to and Deanna Zembrzuski (Fig. 2). learn more about the Figure 3. ESA, 2019 Speakers, Organizers, and Friends enjoying Together, these talks covered several presentations, a brief burgers across the street from the convention center. A good time was had by all! Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 23 METALEPTEA on pellet analysis), game birds, and of birds at the site (Gurski, Gurski, ESA, 2018: Vancouver, Canada even coyotes. Recently, a new field Johnson, Jaronski, Kawchuk, and study (S. Meyhoff) has shown that Wojnowski poster, ESA2018). We Orthoptera in ecological foodwebs late-season grasshoppers are impor- are using daily weather records and and crop systems, over 50 years: tant components of diets of plains studies of individual species to assess Analysis of annual data on abun- sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus the history and timing of grasshop- dance, hatching, weather, climate, phasianellus jamesi). Sharp-tailed per abundance throughout the year and seasonal patterns in Alberta, grouse crop contents analysis indi- in order to produce a comparative Canada cated that the small flightless grass- record of probable value to grassland hopper (Melanoplus dawsoni), made foodwebs, especially wild birds and Dan Johnson ([email protected]), up over 80% of all insects consumed. insectivorous mammals. Develop- Sejer Meyhoff, and Celeste Barnes. Uni- Other Orthoptera, such as Chorthip- mental models developed for grass- versity of Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada pus curtipennis, Melanoplus glad- hoppers for this purpose are applied, stoni, and Ceuthophilus, are utilized. along with spatial models of timing During years of field experiments in We found that local grasshoppers are and degree of aggregation. The results Alberta, we documented, with previ- high in nutrients, including linoleic will allow improved estimation of ous collaborators, the abundance of acid and associated lipids essential biomass, species, and age class, with Orthoptera and their role in avian for growth and development in birds, regard to avian food availability, over diets. Small overwintering grasshop- and protein. Grasshopper species years and regions. pers, mainly Psoloessa delicatula known for risk to agricultural crops and Eretettix simplex, and the early are surveyed in late-season, currently Do specialized orthopteroid her- hatching species Aeropedellus cla- by Alberta Agriculture and Forestry. bivores co-speciate with their host vatus, are important in the diets of Earlier raw data are available back to plant? grassland songbirds on dry mixed 1970, and abundance maps back to grass. Grasshoppers exceed 70% of 1920. The results are used in methods Timothy K. O’Connor (tim.oconnor8@ the diet of nestlings in May and June. of forecasting (Blakley, Johnson, and gmail.com)1, Robert Laport2 and Noah 1 1 In field studies in dry grass (short Meers poster, ESA2018). Additional Whiteman , University of California, 2 grass) in southeastern Alberta, we also sampling of non-pest species is con- Berkeley, CA, Rhoades College, Mem- documented the prominence of larger ducted, and also serves in validation phis, TN overwintering grasshopper species, of age structure and abundance. Rela- especially Xanthippus corallipes, tive abundance of grasshopper species Identifying the processes that link as food for nestlings of the burrow- varies among regions of Alberta, plant and insect diversification is an ing owl (Athene cunicularia), an and results in differences in ecology enduring challenge in evolutionary endangered species. Field evidence and diets of birds. For example, we biology. Adaptation to novel host from pellets, feces, and observations identified 9,224 grasshoppers during plants can drive divergence between showed that grasshoppers (especially a field study in southern Alberta, in herbivore populations, but there is Melanoplus bivittatus) are important which the proportion of Melanoplus little phylogenetic evidence that in the diets of burrowing owls (based bruneri ranged from 0.1% to 3.7%, herbivores co-speciate with their while this species hosts. Population-level studies may was a dominant be better suited to detect co-speciation species in more in progress and assess its contribution northern grassland to insect diversification. We tested for and forest areas. co-divergence between creosote bush A total of 46% of (Larrea tridentata, Zygophyllaceae) 4,371 grasshop- and its community of orthopteroid pers collected herbivores. Creosote bush is a domi- in northeastern nant desert shrub that has diversified pastures near Cold through polyploidy since its arrival Lake, Alberta, were in North America ~1 Mya. Diploid, identified (DJ) as tetraploid, and hexaploid popula- Melanoplus bru- tions (cytotypes) of creosote bush are neri, and observed parapatrically distributed across the to be common Chihuahuan, Sonoran, and Mojave Melanoplus gladstoni, taken by Dan Johnson at his research site. in the daily diets Deserts, where phenotypic differences Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 24 METALEPTEA physiological consequences. How- ever, few studies have compared the intake targets of free-living herbivore populations with their available nutri- ent landscapes to determine how easily herbivores can reach their intake target through time and space. In this study, we measured intake targets for three grasshopper species and the nu- trient contents of their host plants. We Example of phylogeographic pattern consistent with host-associated differentiation in the stick insect Diapheromera covilleae. (a) Geographic sampling for preliminary COI sequencing. Boxed included three spatially distinct loca- area near contact zone between diploid and tetraploid creosote bush shown in next panel. (b) tions in New South Wales, Australia Sampling near cytotype contact zone. (c) Phylogeny COI from available samples. Tips with out- and two time points roughly four lined symbols are represented in cytotype contact zone shown in panel (b). Deep divergence weeks apart in late 2017. In both spa- between nearby populations on alternative hosts is consistent with an effect of host plant on reproductive isolation. tial and temporal scales, grass protein content significantly differed whereas carbohydrate content stayed relatively among cytotypes can affect interac- A deep divergence between Diapher- constant. Grasshopper intake target tions with herbivores. omera COI haplotypes maps precisely ratios were mismatched with the We hypothesized that a community to the contact zone between diploid available C:P ratios. Intre- and intra of specialized orthopteroid herbi- and tetraploid host plants. Neither species intake targets were divergent vores may co-diversify creosote bush COI nor pilot ddRAD data support between and within landscapes. Our through host plant adaptation. To host-associated differentiation in Li- results suggest that grasshoppers will address this, we tested the prediction gurotettix populations. Insara data are shift their IT to address nutritionally that population structure of multiple forthcoming. suboptimal landscapes. Grasshopper herbivore species would correspond Our ongoing work on this system migration might be needed to locate to host plant cytotype. We are using will more robustly test whether host nutritionally optimal landscapes. Fur- genome-wide reduced-representation plant adaptation contributes to repro- ther study is needed to give mechanis- sequencing (ddRAD and RADcap) to ductive isolation and thus divergence tic explanations and to understand the survey genetic diversity and popula- between herbivore populations on dif- physiological consequences of being tion structure of four orthopteroid ferent creosote bush cytotypes. This in a suboptimal nutritional landscape. species: the grasshoppers Bootettix ar- work has the potential to highlight an gentatus and Ligurotettix coquilletti, under-appreciated link between plant the katydid Insara covilleae, and the and insect diversification. stick insect Diapheromera covilleae. Sampling spans the full distribution of Defining the nutritional landscape each species, with particular empha- of grasshopper communities in sis on contact zones between plant Eastern Australia cytotypes. Final dataset will include 100-500 individuals of most species, Douglas Lawton ([email protected])1, and ~50 individuals of Diapheromera. Marion Le Gall1, Cathy Waters2 and Ari- 1 1 Preliminary mitochondrial (COI) anne Cease , Arizona State University, 2 data and ddRAD sequencing indicate Tempe, AZ, Orange Agricultural Insti- that major phylogeographic breaks in tute, Orange, Australia two herbivore species coincide with Grasshopper population intake targets with contact zones between creosote bush Studies using the geometric frame- available nutritional landscape. Boxplot and Xs represent grass nutrients. Top: spatial cytotypes. Bootettix populations to work for nutrition have shown that most animals regulate among food change in intake targets and grass protein the east and west of the contact zone (P) : carbohydrates (C). Bottom: temporal diploid-tetraploid contact zone are sources to achieve an optimum bal- change in C. terminifera intake targets and deeply divergent. Limited ddRAD ance of macronutrients (intake target; grass P : C. data suggest a shallower divergence IT), typically protein (P) and carbo- between populations on tetraploid and hydrate (C) for herbivores. When an hexaploid host plants, but this was animal is unable to reach this target, not supported by available COI data. such as during a drought or other environmental perturbation, there are Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 25 MET ALEPTEA METALEPTEA The genetic basis of physiological cal traits, including thermal prefer- To date, only thirteen fossil species niche conservatism in ice crawlers ence, metabolic rate and desiccation are known in the group. Most of the (Grylloblatta) resistance, to argue that ice-crawler records are from the Cretaceous, but species exhibit physiological niche the range in age extends from the Sean Schoville (sean.schoville@wisc. conservatism. Presumably this has Early Miocene to Early Cretaceous. edu), University of Wisconsin, Madison, evolved in response to their narrow, The distribution of this group in- WI relatively constant microenvironments clude geological formations around in cave and alpine sites. While cold- the world (England, Brazil, Siberia, A central challenge in ecology and temperature specialization has made Mongolia, Russia, Burma (Myanmar), biogeography is to determine the ice-crawlers successful in their unique France, Dominican Republic). The extent to which physiological con- habitats in North America for tens of goal of this research was to identify straints govern the geographic ranges millions of years, these evolutionary and describe new fossil taxa from the of species, and whether physiological constraints are likely to exacerbate the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation traits can evolve in response to global impact of future climate change on of Brazil and from mid-Cretaceous change. Cold-specialized insects ice-crawler abundance, distribution Burmese amber. The amber fossils such as ice-crawlers are potentially and possibly species diversity. were embedded at Heads Laboratory threatened by rising global tempera- in an epoxy resin, cut and polished. tures. Most importantly, declines in Cretaceous fossils shed light on the Photographs were taken with different snowpack could expose them to more evolution of Tridactyloidea (Or- equipment, and observation pro- extreme maximum and minimum thoptera: Caelifera) ceeded using stereomicroscopes. We temperatures, from which they were reviewed three fossil samples from previously insulated by the overlying Nathalie Baena-Bejarano (ntbaena@ Burmese amber and eleven fossil snow. Using a comparative frame- gmail.com) and Sam W. Heads, Univer- specimens from the Crato Formation. work that examines closely related sity of Illinois, Champaign, IL Our study resulted in the discovery of populations across environmental new taxa at the specific, generic, and gradients, as well as deeply geneti- Mud crickets (Ripipterygidae), family levels. Important highlights cally divergent species, I examined pygmy mole crickets (Tridactylidae), of this research are the discovery of whether thermal tolerances vary and sangropers (Cylindrachetidae) are a new family of tridactyloids with (and therefore evolve), as well as the small (0.5 cm) to genetic basis of thermal stress re- medium (9 cm) sponses in ice crawlers. There seems size orthopterans to be limited evidence that thermal which comprise tolerance evolves in an ecologically the superfamily significant manner, although there Tridactyloidea. is a trend of greater breadth at low This group is latitudes. Genomic analysis of gene associated with expression suggests ice-crawlers may semiaquatic and have lost their temperature stress fossorial hab- response over time, when compared its and displays to other Neopteran insects, including morphological the sister clade Mantophasmatodea. I traits for these also examine other critical physiologi- behaviors. A set of morphological and molecular characters support its placement as a monophyletic group at the base of the caelif- eran radiation. Procedure and samples studied in our research: A) Polishing of embed- Tridactyloids are ded samples at Heads Laboratory (M. Jared Thomas). B) Photograph preparation from Crato Formation of Brazil (Left: NBB and right: Valeria Ice-crawler (Grylloblatta sp. nov.) from the an ancient group Estrada-Corredor, High School volunteer summer 2017). C) Sorted Sierra Nevada Mountains in California. Photo with a scarce samples from Nanjing institute of Geology Paleontology and Chinese by: Sean Schoville. fossil record. Academy of Sciences and AMNH Collection.

Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 26 METALEPTEA an adult and a nymph from Burmese with the more extensive grasslands of otes, the studies on gregarine diversity amber and multiple new genera from western North America. For example, are uncommon, and for example, the Crato Formation. We corroborated the biota of the prairies of the South- these parasites have been described a more widespread distribution of the east share species with the tall grass from less than 1% of the total insect subfamily Dentridactylinae as sug- prairies of central North America; diversity. In orthopterans, the reports gested by previous authors. These whereas, the biota of sandhill habitats of eugregarines are scarce and most of contributions are considerably ex- share species and genera with the arid them are based on the morphology of panding our knowledge of the oldest habitats of the southwestern United the cells and line drawings, leading to fossil tridactyloids, further attesting to States. This introductory synthesis of a gap in the evidence about their ultra- a much greater Cretaceous diversity the southeastern grasshopper fauna structure and phylogenetic placement. than previously realized. further demonstrates that these com- As an attempt to contribute to the munities are rich in endemic species knowledge of the diversity of eugreg- ESA, 2019: St. Louis, Missouri, that contribute significantly to the arines in orthopterans, we have car- U.S.A. biodiversity of the region and that ried out a survey of the eugregarines of North America and are important that parasitize the digestive tract of The Grasshopper Fauna of the targets for conservation efforts. the Mexican lubber grasshopper Tae- Imperiled grasslands of the South- niopoda centurio, which is a common eastern United States Description of two new species of species in the northeastern mountain eugregarines (Apicomplexa: Eu- ranges of Mexico, and in some areas, JoVonn G. Hill (jgh4@entomology. gregarinorida) parasitizing the gut it may even become a plague. The msstate.edu) Mississippi Entomological of Taeniopoda centurio (Orthoptera: main objective of this work is to Museum Caelifera: Romaleidae) provide morphological, ultrastructural and phylogenetic information based For the last 200 years, the idea that Jorge Medina-Duran (jorgemedinad@ on SSU rDNA gene, about two new the southeastern United States was tamu.edu)1, Rosaur Mayen-Estrada1, eugregarine species, Amoebogregari- 2 2 historically covered in vast forests Ricardo Mariño-Pérez and Hojun Song , na taeniopoda and Quadruspinospora 1 and swamps has been widely per- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de mexicana found parasitizing the gut México, Coyoacán, DF, Mexico, 2Texas petuated. However, we are begin- of T. centurio. Although both eugrega- A&M University, College Station, TX ning to understand that large areas of rine species parasitize the same host, the Southeast were once covered by they are morphologically very dissim- Eugregarines are parasites that be- natural grasslands of various types. ilar in all their life cycle stages and long to the phylum Apicomplexa and These communities have decreased their ultrastructure. The phylogenetic can be commonly found parasitizing in area greatly since European settle- analysis showed that the two species the digestive tract of insects. Although ment, and many are considered highly are phylogenetically distant from each it is thought that they can be one of imperiled. Even with their diminished other and are placed in two different the most diverse groups of eukary- size, these grasslands contribute clades comprising two eugregarines significantly to the biodiversity of the superfamilies. Our findings showed region (e.g. 927 endemic plant species that a single insect host can harbor in the longleaf pine savanna ecosys- more than one, phylogenetically tem). Grasshoppers are often one of distant eugregarine species. Also, we the most conspicuous members of the showed the first record of anAmoe - invertebrate fauna in these grassland bogregarina species in Mexico and a communities. Based on current tax- Quadruspinospora species in the New onomy, more than half of the regional World. fauna, 130 taxa (62% of the South- eastern fauna and 17% of the North Stepping to spin or to run? How American fauna) are endemic or are embiopterans resolve the conflicting near endemics to the region, and a functions of their unique front feet significant proportion (82%) of the endemic Southeastern fauna is associ- Janice S. Edgerly (jedgerlyrooks@scu. ated with grasslands of various types. edu)1, T. Büscher2, F. Doneth2, E. Kelly1, 3 3 Further, different grassland types Scanning electron microscopy of Quadruspi- Stanislav Gorb and Sebastian Büsse , 1 within the region support distinct fau- nospora mexicana (left), and Amoebogrega- Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, 2Kiel University, Kiel, Germany, 3Chris- nas that have biogeographic affinities rina taeniopoda (right). Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 27 METALEPTEA they are running Stick and leaf insects (Phasmatodea) from a predator. employ a wide range of egg-laying Using high-speed techniques, largely corresponding videography, we to their ecological niche, including discovered that dropping or flicking eggs to the forest they “tiptoe” by floor, gluing eggs to plant substrate, touching only the skewering eggs through leaves, claws and first ovipositing directly into the soil, or two tarsal seg- even producing a complex ootheca. ments against the They are the only insects with highly ground, lifting up species-specific egg morphology the silk ejectors; across the entire order, with specific this behavior al- egg forms that correspond to oviposi- lows them to run tion technique. We review our recent forward without findings published previously wherein releasing silk. we investigate the temporal, biogeo- A webspinner (Antipaluria urichi (Clothodidae)) running after being But, they have graphic, and phylogenetic pattern of touched with a paint brush, filmed with high-speed videography. The in- trouble running evolution of egg-laying strategies in set drawings show the typical position of the front foot, where f = femur, fast forward be- Phasmatodea. Our molecular results ti = tibia, st = spin tarsus, t = tarsal segments 1 and 2, and su = substrate. cause of this odd unequivocally demonstrate that the (A) The webspinner is running forwards. Her front foot is raised up and the silk ejectors are not touching the substrate. The inset shows the gait. In multiple ancestral oviposition strategy for “tiptoe” position typical of the forward gait, (B) She is in a backwards trials, we found female stick and leaf insects is to run after being touched on the head with the brush. The inset shows the that they solve remain in the foliage and drop or flick “heel walk” position, which results in lifting the silk ejectors up and off this problem by eggs to the ground, a strategy essen- the substrate. (C) She has placed her front foot flat against the substrate. This position is potentially problematic because any pressure added to running back- tial for maintaining their masquerade. the silk ejectors will cause silk to be released making an efficient escape wards— if we We infer two addition major key in- from a predator difficult. This “mistake” occurs more often during the touched them novations in the evolution of Phas- backwards run and very rarely during the forward run. on the thorax matodea including (1) the hardening or head, they of the egg capsule in Euphasmatodea; tian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany chose to run fast (2) the repeated evolution of capitu- backwards, a style of running that late eggs (which induce ant-mediated Webspinners, in contrast to other is unique for this order of insects. dispersal, or myrmecochory). arthropods that spin silk, utilize their During the backwards run, they “heel front feet for silk production. The walk” with their front feet—again, an- Morph formation in the wing poly- front basitarsi are packed with silk other style that keeps the silk ejectors phonic sand cricket, Gryllus firmus glands and festooned with ejectors. from contacting the substrate—and Abigail Hayes (abigail.hayes@wsu. However, employing the same leg for they are able to do so faster than when edu) and Laura Lavine, Washington State alternative functions rather than for they travel forward. University, Pullman, WA pure locomotion potentially imposes constraints and compromises. We Evolutionary significance of ovipo- The sand cricket, Gryllus firmus, found morphological and experimen- sition techniques in stick and leaf exhibits a wing dimorphic develop- tal evidence for a passive pressure- insects (Phasmatodea) mental trajectory based on environ- induced silk spinning mechanism James A. Robertson1,2, Sven Bradler3 mental signals. The individual cricket induced by external mechanical and Michael F. Whiting2, 1National senses its environment and develops stimuli. Thus, when they press their Identification Services, APHIS PPQ , into either a flight-capable dispersive silk ejectors against the substrate, United States Department of Agriculture, morph or a flightless reproductive liquid silk dope firmly adheres via 2 Beltsville, MD USA; Department of morph depending on conditions. This an adhesion disc and then is sheered Biology and M. L. Bean Museum, 4142 phenotypically plastic response allows into dozens of nano-scale fibers as the LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, the insect to stay and reproduce when foot is pulled back. When webspin- UT USA; 3Department of Morphology, conditions are good or fly away when ners move forwards by stepping with Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, conditions are poor before commenc- their front feet, passively ejected silk Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute of ing reproduction, a classic trade-off has the potential to interfere with Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany between investment in reproduction their forward progress, especially if Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 28 METALEPTEA mune function in without thermal treatment group, insects and that where the thermal treatment group insects often will was able to rescue themselves from alter their nutri- infection. We will use the outcomes tional status to help of these experiments to inform future fight infections. studies testing how ecologically rel- The nutritional evant diets play a role in the immune effects of Metarhi- function of M. sanguinipes. zium anisopliae var. acridum has Sexual selection and alternative been tested with the mating strategies in Wellington tree Australian plague weta locusts (Chortoi- cetes terminifera), Clint Kelly ([email protected]), Uni- Last three nymphal instars in Gryllus firmus. showing infections versité du Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada of this pathogen versus dispersal. Very little is known increased carbo- Sexual selection is arguably nature’s about the developmental or morpho- hydrate consumption and decreased most powerful evolutionary process in logical differences between morphs. protein consumption in grasshoppers. that it overcomes natural selection in In this study, a longitudinal ontoge- Our research tested the effects of the males and females to produce incred- netic allometric framework was used fungal pathogen, Metarhizium DWR, ible phenotypic diversity within and on two genetically selected lines of G. on the dietary macronutrient balance between the sexes and across taxa firmus to characterize developmental (termed: Intake Target) of M. san- in remarkably short periods. There morphology. Distinct and reliable guinipes, with and without thermo- are few better examples in nature of morphological characteristics were regulation, to determine if pathogens intense sexual selection shaping male detected for the terminal instars be- significantly influence diet selection. morphology and behaviour than the fore adulthood, furthermore no traits We hypothesized that using a closely Wellington tree weta (Hemideina were significantly different enough to related species of Metarhizium to in- crassidens). The Wellington tree weta be utilized to distinguish presumptive fect M. sanguinipes will result in car- exhibits strong sexual dimorphism morph during development. This sup- bohydrate biased ITs on the treatment with males possessing tremendously ports the hypothesis that the cricket’s group without thermal regulation, and enlarged jaws relative to females. This morphological fate isn’t determined no change in the macronutrient ratios species also exhibits extraordinary until the last two nymphal instars. of the treatment group with thermal variation among males in phenotype, regulation, We found no significant a hallmark of alternative mating strat- Examining the effects of biopesti- difference in the ITs of all treatment egies. My research comprehensively cides on the nutritional physiology groups of M. sanguinipes, all treat- addresses the proximate and ultimate of Melanoplus sanguinipes, a range- ments had in IT of 1:2 P:C ratio. We causes of this tremendous pheno- land grasshopper found a significant difference in sur- typic variation with specific attention vival of the metarhizium with thermal given to how the observed phenotypic Deanna Zembrzuski (dzembrzu@asu. treatment group and the metarhizium variation is maintained in the wild, edu)1, Dustin Grief1, Rick Overson1, how the environment mediates sexual Derek A. Woller2 and Arianne Cease1, selection on male phenotype, and how 1Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, investment in sexually selected traits 2USDA - APHIS, Phoenix, AZ trades-off against other fitness-related traits like immunity. Significant amounts of research have gone into developing biological pesticides to manage grasshopper outbreaks, however due to grasshoppers immune functions biopesticide applications are often less effective The nutritional effects of Metarhizium aniso- than traditional pesticides. Current pliae var. acridum (Met) and thermoregula- research shows that the balance of tion (Heat) on food intake in the Australian plague locusts (Chortoicetes terminifera). macronutrients is important for im- Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 29 METALEPTEA Gaudy grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) on stamps By RICARDO MARIÑO-PÉREZ University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA [email protected]; [email protected]

ntomophilately is the ons, cockroaches, beetles and scara- cies in 149 genera in this family. This activity to collect insect- beids (Gómez and Junghans, 2002, lineage is distributed mainly in Africa related stamps, the first 2016; Gómez et al., 2015; Kabourek, and Asia, but there are several gen- stamp with an insect was 2017). In other cases, revisions per era known from Mexico and South issued in 1892 and since country have been made, such as for America as well as Australia. Pyrgo- EE then, thousands have been Mexico (Mendoza et al., 2006). morphs are easily diagnosable by the released (Hamel, 1990). In the cultur- The family Pyrgomorphidae (Or- presence of a groove in the fastigium al context “insects” refers to terrestrial thoptera: Caelifera) contains some of vertex and very distinctive phallic. arthropods, including groups such of the most colorful grasshoppers Some are known to exhibit apose- as spiders, myriapods, and terrestrial in the world, which is why they are matic coloration and, in most cases, crustaceans. There have been some also known as gaudy grasshoppers. this is enhanced by the presence of a works treating groups such as scorpi- Currently, there are 487 valid spe- unique mid-dorsal abdominal gland or foam production through spiracles and openings in pronotum. Some are plagues whereas others are used for human consumption (Mariño-Pérez, 2018). As part of the introductory part of my dissertation about systematics and evolution of the family Pyrgomorphi- dae, besides the general characteristics and economical importance of the family, I was gathering information regarding cultural importance. Ento- mophilately is a well-known branch of ethnoentomology and, by conse- quence, I conducted research online looking for stamps with pyrgomorphs. I found a website (http://www.asahi- net.or.jp/~CH2M-NITU/indexe. htm) where a compendium of stamps with insects is provided. This website was the starting point of my research. Subsequently, other websites such as Ebay.com and hipstamp.com helped me to find stamps. Finally, I obtained the book “Atlas of the insects on stamps of the world” by Dennis Hamel (1991). This work compiles all the stamps with insects until 1990. After a year and a half, I was able to purchase the great majority of the stamps except for five. Figure 1. Pinned specimens of some species of Pyrgomorphidae present on stamps. A. It is precisely their bright colors and Phymateus leprosus, B. Aularches miliaris, C. Phymateus saxosus, D. Poekilocerus pictus, E. the relationship with humans, both as Phymateus viridipes, F. Petasida ephippigera, G. Zonocerus elegans, H. Dictyophorus spumans, pests and as food, for the reason of Zonocerus variegatus aphronota calliparea Pyrgomorpha vignaudii I. , J. T , K. . Scale bar = 1 cm. their presence on stamps. The great Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 30 METALEPTEA majority of the stamps contain or a (Hamel, 1991), this was not exhaus- Morphological accuracy: Yes, despite colorful species or a species of agri- tive and maybe some stamps are the drawing is not in color, the pronotum cultural importance (in some cases, missing. detail and tegmina and wings pattern cor- both characteristics). In Fig. 1, I show The stamps are arranged by chrono- responds to P. cinctus. a collection of pinned specimens for logical order with notes about coun- References. p. 64 (b/w photo), p. 212 (Hamel, 1991). comparative purposes, they cover try, name on stamp, monetary value, species present in 31 out of the 38 geographical correspondence, mor- 2. 1969, Zimbabwe [Rhodesia], Phyma- stamps. phological accuracy, proper identifica- teus viridipes (BUSH LOCUST) (Fig. 3). tion, and previous references. Value: N/A. Methods Geographical correspondence: Yes, P. For the images of Fig. 1, the speci- 1. 1967, Mali, Phymateus cinctus (Fig. 2) viridipes is distributed within Zimbabwe. mens were photographed using the Value: 50F Morphological accuracy: Although an Visionary Digital BK Plus Imaging Geographical correspondence: Yes, this artistic representation, the general color- System in combination species is distributed in West Africa. ation, including the wing pattern corre- with a Canon EOS 7D camera using 65 and 100 mm lenses to take multiple images at different depths of field. After this, Adobe Lightroom 3 (v.3.2) was used to import the photos and transform them from RAW files to TIFF’s and then Zerene Stacker (v.1.02) was employed to stack the image slices into a single focused image. Finally, Adobe Photoshop CS5 Extend- ed was utilized, when necessary, to adjust light levels, background coloration, sharpness, and to add an accurate scale bar. For the stamps, a standard scanner was used. For the five stamps unable to obtain in physical format, I provide the best image possible found online.

Results A total of 38 stamps from 25 countries in four continents representing 16 species in 10 Figures 2-20. FROM LEFT TO RIGHT AND UP TO DOWN. 2. Phymateus cinctus, Mali, 1967. 3. Phymateus genera are presented. viridipes, Zimbabwe, 1969. 4. Zonocerus elegans, Malawi, 1970. 5a & 5b. Phymateus viridipes, Rwanda, 1973. Although I conducted 6. Pyrgomorpha vignaudii, Ethiopia, 1977. 7. Zonocerus variegatus, Mali, 1978. 8. Phymateus viridipes, Lesotho, thoughtful research on 1978. 9. Phymateus viridipes, Botswana, 1981. 10. Zonocerus variegatus, Angola, 1983. 11. Zonocerus variega- several websites and tus, Republic of the Congo, 1985. 12. Phymateus viridipes, Eswatini, 1988. 13. Dictyophorus spumans, Zimbabwe, 1988. 14. Dictyophorus sp., Zambia, 1989. 15. Phymateus iris, Zambia, 1989. 16. Zonocerus variegatus, Ghana, the Atlas of Insects on 1991. 17. Petasida ephippigera, Australia, 1991. 18. Zonocerus elegans, Rwanda, 1993. 19. Pyrgomorphula ser- stamps of the world bica, Serbia, 1996. 20. Poekilocerus bufonius, Burkina Faso, 2002. Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 31 METALEPTEA sponds to P. viridipes. References. p. 212 misidentified as Cole- 11. 1988, Eswatini [as Swaziland], Phy- Hamel (1991) identified it asPhymateus optera (Hamel, 1991). mateus viridipes (Fig. 12). iris. However, the only name that appears Value: E1. in the stamp is Bush Locust. 7. 1978, Lesotho, Phymateus viridipes Geographical correspondence: Yes, P. References. p. 251 (Hamel, 1991). (Fig. 8). viridipes is found in Eswatini. Value: 10c. Morphological accuracy: Yes, the Wing 3. 1970, Malawi, Zonocerus elegans (EL- Geographical correspondence: Yes, the pattern and pronotum spines are charac- EGANT GRASSHOPPER) (Fig. 4). Green Milkweed Locust is distributed teristic for this species. Value. 4d. in Tropical East, Central and Southern References. p. 276 (Hamel, 1991). Geographical correspondence: Yes, Z. Africa. elegans is found in Malawi. Morphological accuracy: Yes, although 12. 1988, Zimbabwe, Dictyophorus Morphological accuracy: Yes, although an artistic drawing without much detail, spumans (Short-horned Grasshopper) an artistic representation, the general the wings have blue coloration, which is (Fig. 13). coloration and tegmina corresponds to Z. present in this species. Value: 35c. elegans. References. p. 200 (Hamel, 1991). Geographical correspondence: Yes, D. References. p. 278 (b/w photo) (Hamel, spumans is present in Southern Africa 1990); p. 29 (b/w photo), p. 205 (Hamel, 8. 1981, Botswana, Phymateus viridipes including Zimbabwe. 1991). (nymph) (Fig. 9). Morphological accuracy: Yes, the drawing Value: 10t. is very detailed incorporating the charac- 4. 1973, Rwanda, Phymateus viridipes Geographical correspondence: Yes, the teristic pattern of the species. (Figs. 5a & 5b). Green Milkweed Locust is found in Value: 20c and 80F. Botswana. 13. 1989, Zambia, Dictyophorus sp. Geographical correspondence: Yes. P. Morphological accuracy: Yes, the last (PYRGOMORPHID GRASSHOPPER) viridipes is distributed in Rwanda. instar nymphs of P. viridipes have the (Fig. 14). Morphological accuracy: Yes, the wing coloration portrayed in the stamp. Value: 10.40 K. coloration and pronotum spines are char- The name in the stamp says “Elegant Geographical correspondence: Yes, the acteristic of this species. Grasshopper” which corresponds to genus Dictyophorus is distributed through Both stamps say “Phymateus brunneri” Zonocerus elegans, which is also found in Sub Saharan Africa. which first was a valid species, later it Botswana. Morphological accuracy: Yes, most likely was synonymized with P. viridipes and References. p. 98, p. 526 (b/w photo) the drawing is referring to D. griseus, a currently is a subspecies under P. viridi- (Hamel, 1991); p. 10 (b/w photo) (Gómez common species in the area. pes. This genus is in need of revision. and Junghans, 2002). References. p. 305 (Hamel, 1991). References. p. 255 (Hamel, 1991). 9. 1983, Angola, Zonocerus variegatus 14. 1989, Zambia, Phymateus iris (BUSH 5. 1977, Ethiopia, Pyrgomorpha vignaudii (Fig. 10). LOCUST) (Fig. 15). (as Poekilocerus vignaudii) (Fig. 6). Value: Kz. 10. Value: 15K Value: 25c. Geographical correspondence: Yes, Z. Geographical correspondence: The genus Geographical correspondence: Yes, the variegatus is distributed in Angola. is in need of revision. It is unclear if P. species was described from Ethiopia Morphological accuracy: Yes, despite iris is distributed in Zambia. and has a distribution through all central being an artistic interpretation, this adult Morphological accuracy: The pronotum Africa. female has a yellow ring close to the tip sculpture and wing coloration corre- Morphological accuracy: Yes. Indeed the of hind femur which is characteristic of sponds to P. iris nevertheless P. viridipes tegmina in females are short and never this species. is a widespread species with similar char- reach the tip of abdomen. The color could References. p. 82 (Hamel, 1991). acteristics and reported for Zambia. be green or brown. References. p. 305 (Hamel, 1991). References. p. 137 (Hamel, 1991). 10. 1985, Republic of the Congo, Zonocerus variegatus (adult and nymph) 15. 1991, Ghana, Zonocerus variegatus 6. 1978, Mali, Zonocerus variegatus (Fig. (Fig. 11). (Fig. 16). 7). Value: 125F. Value: 50c. Value: 90F. Geographical correspondence: Yes, Var- Geographical correspondence: Yes. This Geographical correspondence: Yes, Mali iegated grasshopper is distributed in West species is distributed in Ghana. is within the distribution range of the Africa. Morphological accuracy: Yes, the color- variegated grasshopper. Morphological accuracy: Yes, both ation pattern corresponds to Z. variegatus. Morphological accuracy: It is an artistic nymph and adult have a yellow ring close The stamp only indicates “ZONOCRUS”. representation lacking details. However, to the tip of hind femur. The presence of the few elements present fit well into the this ring separates it from the other spe- 16. 1991, Australia, Petasida ephippigera description of this species. cies, Z. elegans. (nymph) (Leichhardt’s Grasshopper) (Fig. The name in the stamp says “Lopocerus References. p. 118 (Hamel, 1991). 17). variegatus” Value: 80c.

Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 32 METALEPTEA in the posterior border in Z. elegans. However, the yellow ring close to the tip of hind femur is not clear.

18. 1996, Serbia [as Yu- goslavia], Pyrgomorphula serbica (nymph) (as Pyrgo- morphela serbica) (Fig. 19). Value: 1,10. Geographical correspondence: Yes, the Serbian Stick Grasshopper has a very restricted distribution in Serbia (16 km2), currently is listed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN (Chobanov et al., 2016). Morphological accuracy: Yes, although is an artistic representation, the general form corresponds to a female nymph of P. serbica, the four wing pads characteristic of last instar nymphs are evident.

19. 2002, Burkina Faso, Poekilocerus bufonius (Fig. 20). Value: 10F. Geographical correspondence: Yes, the species has a wide distribution in the northern half of Africa and Arabian Peninsula. Figures 21-39. FROM LEFT TO RIGHT AND UP TO DOWN. 21. Phymateus viridipes, Ghana, 2002. 22. Poekilo- Morphological accuracy: Yes, cerus pictus, Nepal, 2002. 23. Petasida ephippigera, Australia, 2003. 24. Aularches miliaris, Indonesia, 2003. 25. Parasphena sp., The Gambia, 2003. 26. Zonocerus elegans, Republic of the Congo, 2010. 27. Zonocerus the color pattern is character- variegatus, Kenya, 2011. 28. Zonocerus elegans, Tanzania, 2011. 29. Phymateus morbillosus, Tanzania, 2011. istic to this species. 30. Phymateus leprosus, Tanzania, 2011. 31. Dictyophorus spumans, Tanzania, 2011. 32. Taphronota calliparea, Chad, 2013. 33. Zonocerus variegatus, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2013.34. Phymateus saxosus, Mada- 20. 2002, Ghana, Phymateus gascar, 2013. 35. Phymateus viridipes, Tanzania, 2013. 36. Dictyophorus spumans, Burundi, 2014. 37. Poekilo- viridipes (Bush-hopper) (Fig. cerus pictus, Central Africa Republic, 2015. 38a & 38b. Phymateus saxosus, Central Africa Republic, 2015. 39. 21). Phymateus saxosus, Madagascar, 2016. Value: C4500. Geographical correspondence: Geographical correspondence: Yes, this accurate and the diagnostic characteristic No, P. viridipes is found in species is endemic to Kakadu National of the extension of posterior border of Africa but south of the Equator. Park, Northern Territory. The Jawoyn and pronotum is shown. Morphological accuracy: The illustration Gundjeibmi people of Western Arnhem is quite simple and there are not enough Land call this grasshopper Alyurr. This 17. 1993, Rwanda, Zonocerus elegans details to determine even to genus Phy- particular area has one of the highest (LE CRIQUET PUANT) (Fig. 18). mateus. lightning incidences of the world and Value: 70 FRW. precisely Alyurr means children of Na- Geographical correspondence: Yes, both 21. 2002, Nepal, Poekilocerus pictus (as marrgon, the lightning man. Namarrgon species of Zonocerus can be found in Poecilocerus pictus) (SHORT HORN is frequently depicted with axes hanging Rwanda. GRASSHOPPER) (Fig. 22). from his body, which represent the grass- Morphological accuracy: The specimen Value: 5R. hopper antennae (Lowe, 1995). depicted maybe corresponds to the other Geographical correspondence: Yes, this Morphological accuracy: Yes, despite species, Z. variegatus due to tegmina species is distributed in Afghanistan, it being a nymph, the color patterns are coloration (yellow). It is usually pinkish Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Maldives,

Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 33 METALEPTEA Sri Lanka, Buthan and India. Morphological accuracy: Yes, the body anterior part of pronotum characteristic of Morphological accuracy: Yes, the color color pattern corresponds to the species. P. leprosus. pattern corresponds to P. pictus. The name in the stamp is incorrect “Green 26. 2011, Kenya, Zonocerus variegatus Milkweed Locust (Phymateus Yiridipes). 22. 2003, Australia, Petasida ephippigera (Fig. 27). (nymph) (Leichhardt’s Grasshopper) (Fig. Value: K65/-. 30. 2011, Tanzania, Dictyophorus 23). Geographical correspondence: Yes, Ke- spumans (Fig. 31). Value: 50c. nya has both species of the genus. Value: Shs. 700/=. Geographical correspondence: Yes. Geographical correspondence: No, this Morphological accuracy: Yes, this version 27. 2011, Tanzania, Zonocerus elegans species has a southern distribution. D. gri- is more caricature with an anthropomor- (Fig. 28). seus is the one found in Tanzania. phized head but still is accurate in color Value: Shs. 600/=. Morphological accuracy: Yes, a key char- patterns of the body and wing pads. Geographical correspondence: Yes. This acteristic of D. spumans is the coloration species is widely distributed in Tanzania. pattern showed in the stamp with hind 23. 2003, Indonesia, Aularches miliaris Morphological accuracy: Yes, the pink tibia and anterior and posterior margins of (Belalang setan) (Fig. 24). coloration at tegmina is characteristic of pronotum different than black (red in this Value: 1500. this species. Judging by the size of the case, although there are other morphs). Geographical correspondence: Yes, this abdomen, it could be a female. The name in the stamp is incorrect “Mole species is distributed in India and South The name in the stamp has two typos: Cricket (Gryllotalpa Africana)”. East Asia. “Elegent Grasshopper” (Zanocerus Morphological accuracy: Yes, although Elegans). 31. 2013, Chad, Taphronota calliparea the drawing is simple, it possesses the (CRIQUET OKU) (Fig. 32). diagnosis characters of the species such as 28. 2011, Tanzania, Phymateus morbil- Value: N/A. the yellow dots in the tegmina, pronotum losus (Fig. 29). Geographical correspondence: Yes, T. form and abdomen coloration. Value. Shs. 700/=. calliparea is widely distributed in the Geographical correspondence: No, this Sub-Saharan Africa and it is likely to be 24. 2003, The Gambia, Parasphena sp. species is only distributed in South found in Chad. (Fig. 25). Africa. Morphological accuracy: It appears Value: D10. Morphological accuracy: Yes, the color- photography was manipulated because Geographical correspondence: No, this ation pattern, particularly the red head the combination of colors is not charac- genus is exclusively distributed in East and pronotum corresponds to the species. teristic of this species. Nevertheless, the Africa. The name in the stamp is incorrect “Foam pronotum sculpture corresponds to T. Morphological accuracy: Yes, this is an Locust (Dictyopharus Spumans)”. calliparea. adult female which possesses diagnostic characteristics of the genus, such as irreg- 29. 2011, Tanzania, Phymateus leprosus 32. 2013, Democratic Republic of the ular lateral pronotal carinae and absence (Fig. 30). Congo, Zonocerus variegatus (Fig. 33). of tegmina (Rowell et al., 2015). Value: Shs. 700/=. Value: 650 Fc. Geographical correspondence: No, this Geographical correspondence: Yes, Z. 25. 2010, Republic of the Congo, species is only distributed in South Af- variegatus is distributed in DRC. Zonocerus elegans (Fig. 26). rica, Lesotho and Eswatini. Morphological accuracy: Yes, the charac- Value: 300F. Morphological accuracy: Yes, this species teristic yellow ring close to the tip of hind Geographical correspondence: Yes, Z. has the particular coloration pattern in the femur is present as well as the tegmina elegans is distributed in the country. legs and a pair of protuberances in the coloration.

33. 2013, Madagascar, Phymateus saxosus (Fig. 34). Value: 600 MGA. Geographical correspondence: Yes, P. saxosus is endemic to Madagascar. Morphological accuracy: Yes, the body, tegmina and wings coloration and pronotum sculpture pattern corresponds to the species.

34. 2013, Tanzania, Phymateus viridipes (AFRICAN BUSH GRASSHOPPER) (Fig. 35). Value: 2000/-. Figure 40. Pyrgomorphidae stamp richness per country. Created with mapchart.net ©. Geographical correspondence: Yes, P.

Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 34 METALEPTEA viridipes is distributed in Tanzania. The first stamp Morphological accuracy: Yes, color pat- was issued by tern and pronotum spines correspond to P. Mali in 1967. viridipes. Since then, stamps have been re- 35. 2014, Burundi, Dictyophorus spumans (Fig. 36). leased in a consis- Value: N/A. tent pace with 4-7 Geographical correspondence: No. The stamps per decade species distributed in Burundi is Dic- until the 2010s tyophorus griseus. D. spumans has a decade where 14 distribution in Southern Africa. have been issued Morphological accuracy: Yes. The color so far (Fig. 41). pattern corresponds to D. spumans. In general, the Figure 41. Number of stamps with Pyrgomorphidae by decade. species depicted 36. 2015, Central Africa Republic, on the stamps are Poekilocerus pictus (Fig. 37). SpeciesFile.org Value: 750F. of economic importance, such as the COPR. The locust and grasshopper agricultural manual. London, UK: Overseas Pest Geographical correspondence: No, this ones in the genera Aularches, Dicty- ophorus, Phymateus, Poekilocerus Research, 1982, 690 pp. species is distributed in Afghanistan, Gómez, B., Junghans, C. Los Scarabaeoidea Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Maldives, and Zonocerus (COPR, 1982). They (Insecta: Coleoptera) en la filatelia. Cuader- Sri Lanka, Bhutan and India. are abundant, and easy to see due to nos de Biodiversidad 11, pp. 10-14. 2002. Morphological accuracy: Yes, the color its size and aposematic coloration. Gomez, B., Junghans, C. Scorpions (Arachnida: pattern corresponds to P. pictus. Even though the nymphs are pre- Scorpionida) in postal stamps. Dugesiana sented in five stamps and although 23(1), pp. 37-43, 2016. Gómez, B., Domínguez, M. R., Junghans, C. 37. 2015, Central Africa Republic, Phy- some pyrgomorphs illustrated in the mateus saxosus (Figs. 38a & 38b). Las cucarachas (Blattodea) representadas stamps are free interpretations of the en los sellos postales (entomofilatelia). Value. 750F and 2650F. In: Avances en la Entomología Cultural Geographical correspondence: No, this artists, the great majority possesses enough characteristics allowing their Mexicana. UNAM-CUCB: Universidad de species is endemic to Madagascar. Guadalajara Press, 2015, pp. 77-82. Morphological accuracy: Yes, in both identification. Interestingly, in some Hamel, D. R. Insects on stamps. American stamps the coloration pattern and pronotal cases the species portrayed are not Entomologist 36, 273-281, 1990. spines corresponds to P. saxosus. distributed in the country and perhaps Hamel, D. R. 1991. Atlas of Insects on Stamps were chosen due to their agricultural of the World. Falls Church, Virginia: Tico 38. 2016, Madagascar, Phymateus saxo- importance in other regions or by Press, 1991, 738 pp. sus (Fig. 39). http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~CH2M-NITU/ their colorfulness. indexe.htm Value: 2500 MGA. Kabourek, V. Beetles on Stamps. Ethnoento- Geographical correspondence: Yes, this Acknowledgements mology 1(1), pp. 52-72, 2017. species is endemic to Madagascar. Part of this work was part of my PhD Lowe, L. Preliminary investigations of the Morphological accuracy: Yes, the teg- dissertation, supported by fellowship biology and managements of Leichhardt’s mina, wing an abdomen color pattern #409158 from CONACYT (the Mexican grasshopper, Petasida ephippigera White. matches P. saxosus plus the characteristic National Council for Science and Tech- Journal of Orthoptera Research 4, pp. 219- spines of the pronotum. 221. 1995. nology). To my PhD advisor Hojun Song Mariño-Pérez, R. Phylogenetic Systematics (Texas A&M University) for all his help and Evolution of the Gaudy Grasshopper Discussion during my studies. Family Pyrgomorphidae (Insecta: Orthop- Approximately 40% of the 487 tera). Doctoral dissertation, Texas A & M species within the lineage Pyrgomor- References University. Available electronically from phidae are found in Africa (includ- Chobanov, D.P., Hochkirch, A., Iorgu, I.S., http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174509.2018. ing Madagascar) (Cigliano et al., Ivkovic, S., Kristin, A., Lemonnier-Darc- Mendoza, M., Pacheco, I., Sarmiento, M. A., y Zurita, M. L. Entomofilatelia en México: un 2020). This richness is reflected in the emont, M., Pushkar, T., Sirin, D., Skejo, J., Szovenyi, G., Vedenina, V., Willemse, tributo a la amistad de los insectos. Boletín stamps as well because 33 out of the L.P.M. 2016. Pyrgomorphula serbica. de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa 38, 38 stamps are from Africa. There are The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species pp. 443-449. 2006. only two stamps from Asia (Indonesia 2016: e.T69673708A69673732. http:// Rowell, C.H.F., Hemp, C., Harvey, A.W. Jago’s Grasshoppers of East and North East Africa, and Nepal) and Australia, and one dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS. T69673708A69673732.en. Downloaded on Vol. 1, 2015, 238 pp. from Europe (Serbia). Concerning Af- 2 Feb 2019. rica, Tanzania has five stamps, eight Cigliano, M.M., Braun, H., Eades, D. C., Otte, countries two stamps and 13 countries D. Orthoptera Species File. Version 5.0/5.0. one stamp (Fig. 40). [01/01/2020]. 2019. http://Orthoptera. Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 35 METALEPTEA Treasurer’s Report By PAMELA MIHM Treasurer [email protected] he Statement of Assets as of December 31, 2019 and the 2019 Summary of Cash Receipts and Expenditures are shown below. The Orthoptera Species File continues to be the largest cash activity. This is funded by an allocation of endowment income from the University of Illinois; you will note that the 2019 endowment was received in December, 2018, so it does not show in the 2019 receipts. The second largest use of cash was publishing the Journal of Orthoptera Research (JOR). The Society also supported the International TT Congress of Orthopterology (ICO) in Morocco with a grant for the Locust Opera, a grant to the ICO, and travel grants to students and young professionals. If you have any questions, please contact me at p.mihm@regency- multifamily.com.

Orthopterists’ Society Orthopterists’ Society Statement of Cash Receipts and Expenditures Statement of Assets (1/1/19 through 12/31/19) (As of December 31, 2019)

Cash Receipts Cash Dues $4,705.00 Paypal cash balance $432.66 Publications 2,620.00 Chase Bank 11,386.79 Community Foundation endowment 11,891.81 $11,819.45 Royalty and revenue sharing 4,416.87 Book reimbursements 318.58 Investments at market value Donations 50.00 Vanguard: Transfer cash from Vanguard & Wells Fargo 31,200.00 Grants (Note 1) $421,454.10 Proceeds from sale of investments 36,900.00 Operating (Note 2) 787,985.45 University of Illinois allocation (Note 5) 0.00 Total Cash Receipts $92,102.26 1,209,439.55 Wells Fargo at Nov. 30, 2019: Cash Expenditures AAAI (Note 3) 14,605.69 Publisher JOR $4,297.61 Endowment (Note 4) 37,283.01 Pensoft Publishers 11,246.92 Operating (Note 2) 272,288.58 JOR assistance 13,500.00 Grants (Note 1) 86,988.00 Research grants (Ted Cohn) 17,231.00 411,165.28 Executive director remuneration 1,500.00 Total assets $1,632,424.28 Ed. Metaleptea remuneration 1,500.00 Assistant Ed. Metaleptea remuneration 500.00 Webmaster remuneration 1,000.00 Note 1: This fund is restricted and can only be used JOR editor remuneration 3,000.00 for research grants. Maintenance of Orthoptera Species File 142,500.00 Note 2: This fund is nonrestricted. Grants-Orthoptera Species File 28,930.00 Note 3: This fund can only be used for the Uvarov Locust opera grant 10,000.00 Award made at each int’l meeting. Congress Morocco contribution 7,000.00 Note 4: The income in this account is available for 2019 Congress travel-Board/Plenary Speakers 11,893.97 Society expenses; can extract capital but must have 2019 Congress travel grants 2,205.41 a plan for repaying it within 3 years. Locust Opera 2,000.00 Note 5: The 2019 University of Illinois allocation Uvarov award 2,500.00 Young Professional awards 5,000.00 was received in December 2018. AAIS meeting support 5,722.00 Note 6: $30,000 of higher risk investments were Professional fees 4,710.00 sold and $30,000 of lower risk investments were (income tax preparation and audit) purchased. Accounting reimbursement 12,000.00 Purchase Vanguard bonds (Note 6) 30,000.00 Other 2,409.98 Total Cash Expenditures $310,646.89

Cash Receipts over Cash Expenditures $(218,544.63) Beginning Cash Balance 230,364.08 Ending Cash Balance $11,819.45 Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 36 METALEPTEA restore taxonomic expertise to these studying these interesting grasshop- Editorial insects seemed daunting at that time, pers! By HOJUN SONG but I thought to myself that one day This is another fine issue ofMeta - Editor, Metaleptea I would have an opportunity to study leptea featuring how active our [email protected] their taxonomy. The idea of coming society is. I am thankful to all of the back to Australia has stayed with me contributors, including regional repre- reetings from Australia! for many years, and now I am finally sentative and past awardees. I would I am writing this here to start learning and document- also like to thank our Associate Edi- editorial from Canberra, ing this amazing fauna. tor, Derek A. Woller, for his continued Australia where I will As any academics would know, I assistance in the editorial process. be spending the next 6 have found myself spending way too To publish in Metaleptea, please GG months as a Fulbright much time in front of my computer, send your contribution to hsong@ Scholar at the Australian National responding to emails, working on tamu.edu with a subject line starting Insect Collection (ANIC). student papers, grant proposals, and with [Metaleptea]. As for the format, As far as grasshoppers are con- preparing course presentations for a MS Word document is preferred and cerned, Australia is a very unique the past 10 years, which has kept me images should be in JPEG or TIFF place. It is estimated that there are ap- away from doing taxonomic work. I format with a resolution of at least proximately 750 species of grasshop- have been yearning for the oppotunity 144 DPI. The next issue of Metalep- pers in Australia, 90% of which are to take a break from my daily grind as tea will be published in May of 2020, endemic. However, of these, only 274 a faculty member. I am very excited so please send me content promptly. species have proper scientific names, at the possibility of spending uninter- I look forward to hearing from you which means that there are nearly 500 ruped hours in front of a microscope soon! undescribed but “known” species, all belonging to the subfamily Catatopi- nae (Acrididae). The late Dr. Ken Key (1911-2002), who was instrumental Officers of the Orthopterists’ Society in establishing the ANIC, devoted President: David Hunter, Locust and Grasshopper Control, his life for studying the Australian 125 William Webb Drive, McKellar ACT 2617 Australia. grasshopper diversity and collected [email protected] throughout the vast landscape of President-Elect: Axel Hochkirch, Department of Biogeography, Trier Australia. Throughout his career, he University, Trier, Germany. [email protected] discovered numerous grasshoppers Executive Director: Mohamed Abdellahi Ould Babah EBBE, l’Institut du new to science, but because proper Sahel (INSAH/CLISS), Bamako, Mali. [email protected], taxonomic descriptions would take Treasurer: Pamm Mihm, 2417 Fields South Drive, Champaign, IL 61822 time, he utilized a kind of number- U.S.A. [email protected]. ing system, called the ANIC system, Managing Editor, JOR: Corinna S. Bazelet, USDA-APHIS Plant to assign tentative genus and species Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory (PERAL), Raleigh, NC, numbers to these newly discovered in- U.S.A. [email protected] sects. For a new genus, Key assigned Editorial Assistant, JOR: Nancy Morris, North Buxton, Ontario, Canada, “Genus Novum” followed by a spe- [email protected] cific number, such as Genus Novum Editor, Metaleptea: Hojun Song, Department of Entomology, Texas A&M 46, within which he simply assigned University, College Station, TX, U.S.A. [email protected] “sp. 1, sp. 2, etc.” to show that there Associate Editor, Metaleptea: Derek A. Woller, USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T are distinct species. Unfortunately, Phoenix Lab, Phoenix, AZ, U.S.A. [email protected] Key passed away before describing Officer, Orthoptera Species File: María Marta Cigliano, División these new genera and species, leaving Entomología, Museo de La Plata, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, behind hundreds of unnamed species. La Plata, Argentina. [email protected] I came to realize this dire situation of Manager, The Ted Cohn Research Fund: Michel Lecoq, Montpellier, taxonomic impediment when I visited France. [email protected] the ANIC in 2009 before conducting Webmaster, Orthopterists’ Society Website: Derek A. Woller, USDA- a field expedition in Western Aus- APHIS-PPQ-S&T Phoenix Lab, Phoenix, AZ, U.S.A. tralia. The overwhelming diversity [email protected] of the Australian grasshoppers and the sheer amount of work needed to

Volume 40 (1) / January 2020 37