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FROM AZAD JAMMU and KASHMIR ANSA TAMKEEN Reg. No. 2006

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FROM AZAD JAMMU and KASHMIR ANSA TAMKEEN Reg. No. 2006 BIOSYSTEMATICS OF GRASSHOPPERS (ACRIDOIDEA: ORTHOPTERA) FROM AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR ANSA TAMKEEN Reg. No. 2006. URTB.9184 Session 2006-2009 DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, RAWALAKOT UNIVERSITY OF AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR BIOSYSTEMATICS OF GRASSHOPPERS (ACRIDOIDEA: ORTHOPTERA) FROM AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR By ANSA TAMKEEN (Reg. No. 2006. URTB.9184) M.Sc. (Hons.) Agri. Entomology A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of philosophy In ENTOMOLOGY Department of Entomology Session 2006-2010 FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, RAWALAKOT THE UNIVERSITY OF AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR DECLARATION I declare publically that, this thesis is entirely my own work and has not been presented in any way for any degree to any other university. October, 2015 Signature ______________________________ Ansa Tamkeen To Allah Hazarat Muhammad (PBUH) & My Ever loving Abu & Ammi CONTENTS CHAPTER TITLE PAGE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xvii ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTON………………...……………………………………………1 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE…………………………………….………..…6 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS…………...…...………………...................14 4. RESULTS.……..………..………..….…………….………………….……...21 SUPERFAMILY ACRIDOIDAE FAMILY DERICORYTHIDAE ..................................................24 SUBFAMILY CONOPHYMINAE………………………….…24 FAMILY PYRGOMORPHIDAE…………………...…..….……26 FAMILY ACRIDIDAE……………………………………...……37 SUBFAMILY MELANOPLINAE………………………….….46 SUBFAMILY HEMIACRIDINAE……………………….……47 SUBFAMILY OXYINAE ……………………………………..62 SUBFAMILY TROPIDOPOLINAE ……………………...…...75 SUBFAMILY CYRTACANTHACRIDINAE……………..…..76 SUBFAMILY CALLIPTAMINAE……………………..……...95 SUBFAMILY EYPREPOCNEMIDINAE ………………...…102 SUBFAMILY CATANTOPINAE ………………....…....…...113 SUB FAMILY SPATHOSTERNINAE ………………………137 SUB FAMILY GOMPHOCERINAE ……………………..….138 SUB FAMILY ACRIDINAE ……………………………….154 SUB FAMILY OEDIPODINAE……………………...………177 MOLECULAR ANAYLSIS…………....………….……….....214 DIVERSITY ANALYSIS………………………..……………217 5. DISCUSSION………………………………...….…………….…...……..…224 6. SUMMARY ….……………………………………..………..…...….…...….229 7. Check list of Acridoidea of Azad Jammu & Kashmir………..………..….…..230 8. Literature cited ……….……………………………………………......…… 238 LIST OF TABLES S. NO. TITLE PAGE 1. District wise collection localities of Azad Jammu & Kashmir. 14 2. Relative average abundance expressed in percent, of grasshopper families and subfamilies Collected from three divisions of Azad Jammu & Kashmir. 220 3. Relative Abundance of Grasshopper species and Diversity indices. 221 LIST OF MAPS S. NO. TITLE PAGE 1. Map showing collection Localities of Acridoid Grasshoppers from State of . Azad Jammu & Kashmir. 20 2. Map showing Collection localities of Families from Azad Jammu & Kashmir. 254 3. Map showing Collection localities of subamilies from Azad Jammu & Kashmir. 255 4. Map showing Collection localities of subfamilies from Azad Jammu & Kashmir. 256 LIST OF FIGURES S. NO. TITLE PAGE 1. Conophyma kashmiricum (Mishchenko), Apterus body. 22 2. Poekilocerus pictus (Fabricius), Hind femur without feather shaped area. 22 3. Calliptamus balucha balucha Uvarov, Hind femur regular feather shaped. 23 4. Chrotogonus trachypterus trachypterus (Blanchard),Prosternum strongly raised, dilated or collar form. 27 5. Attractomorpha sinensis Bolivar,Antennae far from eyes. 27 6. Poekilocerus pictus (Fabricius), Pronotum smooth. 28 7. Aularches miliaris Linnaeus, Pronotum rugose. 28 8. Dicranophyma hingstoni Uvarov, Tegmina short oval, wings absent. 40 9. Hieroglyphus nigroreplatus Bolivar,Radial field of the tegmina with series of regular transverse stridulatory veinlets. 40 10. Oxya fuscovittata Marschall, Hind knee with black tiped spine. 41 11. Cyrtacanthacris tatarica tatarica (Linnaeus), Mesosternal lobes with acute inner angle. 41 12. Calliptamus balucha balucha Uvarov, ♂ Cercus pincer like incurved 42 13. Eyprepocnemis alacris (Serville), Median carina of pronotum slightly raised or tectiform. 42 14. Diabolocatantops innotabilis Prosternal process stout; obtuse. 43 15. Spathosternum prasiniferum (Walker),Prosternal process at apex broad bilobate. 43 16. Aulacobothrus luteipes (Walker),Row of pegs present on inner side of hind femora. 44 17. Acrida exaltata (Walker), Empodium between claws large. 44 18. Gastrimargus africanus sulphureus Bei-Bienko, Empodium between claws short. 45 19. Hieroglyphus banian (Fabricius), Male cercus bilobate. 48 20. Parahieroglyphus biliniatus(Bolivar), Male cercus large upcurved 48 21. Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus Bolivar, All sulcus of pronotum are laterally joined by irregular black strips. 51 22. Hieroglyphus oryzivorus Carl, ♂ subgenital plate with truncate apex. 51 23. Hieroglyphus concolor ♀ (Walker),subgenital plate with parallel spiny ridges. 52 24. Hieroglyphus annulicornis (Shiraki),♀ Subgenital plate flat. 52 25. Hieroglyphus fuscuvitata ♂ (Maschall) cercus compressed at base bifurcated at apex. 64 26. Oxya hyla hyla ♀ Serville, subgenital plate with toothed lateral longitudinal ridges. 64 27. Oxya hyla intricata (Stål) ♀ subgenital plate flat. 65 28. Oxya bidentata ♂ (Willemse), cercus long conical bidentated at apex. 65 29. Oxya velox (Fabricius) ♂ cercus conical with acute apex. 66 30. Chondracris rosea (De Geer), Prothoracic process strongly bent backward. 78 31. Valanga nigricornis nigricornis(Burmeister), Pronotum pitted. 78 32. Anacridium aegyptium (Linnaeus), Male subgenital plate trilobat upcurved. 79 33. Cyrtacanthacris tatarica tatarica (Linnaeus), Prothoracic process bent backward . 79 34. Patanga japonica (Bolivar), Prothoracic process vertical. 80 35. Patanga Succincta (Johannson,) Wings transparent at base. 92 36. Patanga japonica (Bolivar), Wings rosey red at base (dorsal view). 92 37. Acorypha glaucopsis (Walker), Male cercus long plate like, apex with two lobes which are adentate. 98 38. Calliptamus balucha balucha Uvarov, Male cecus long lamelate, apex with two lobes, lower lobe with 2 teeth at apex. 98 39. Tilotropidius varicornis (Walker), Prosternal process bifid at apex. 105 40. Cataloipus cognatus (Walkeer), Median carina of pronotum intersected by three shallow sulcus. 105 41. Eyprepocnemis alacris alacris (Serville), Male cercus compressed at base, pointed at apex. 106 42. Shirakiacris shirakii (Bolivar), Male cercus medially compressed expanded at base and apex. 106 43. Paraconophyma kashmirica Mishchenko, Tegmina lateral reduced. 116 44. Apalacris varicornis Walker, Antennae widened basally, apically rounded. 116 45. Pachyacris vinosa (Walker), Pronotum raised. 117 46. Catantops erubescens (Walker), Pronotum with low median carina, lateral carina absent. 117 47. Choroedocus illustris (Walker), frontal ridge wide and flat throughout its length. 118 48. Xenocatantops karnyi (Kirby), Pronotum with a whitish lateral bands. 118 49. Diabolocatantops innotabilis (Walker), Hind femur with two narrow broken black bands. 119 50. Coroedocus illustris (Walker),Tegmina spotted with scattered black spots. 127 51. Coroedocus robustus (Serville), Tegmina without spots. 127 52. Xenocatantops karnyi (Kirby), Hind femora with the row of black spots on the lower outer carina for all its length. 132 53. Xenocatantops humilis (Serville), Hind femur with three white lateral bands. 132 54. Gonista bicolor (Hann), Vertex strongly projecting forward, depressed. 141 55. Chorthippus vagan Ventral inner spur of hind tibia small, which is slightly larger than dorsal spur of same side. 141 56. Aulacobothrus Bolivar,Ventral inner spur of hind tibia large which is larger in length than dorsal spur of same side. 142 57. Gonista bicolor (Hann), Mesosternal lobes contigius. 144 58. Gonista rotundata Uvarov, Mesosternal lobes distinctly separated (ventral view). 144 59. Aulabothrus leutipes (Walker), Hind femur with three dark bands on the dorsal aspect, with apical end black. 151 60. Aulabothrus sevn-hedini Sjöstedt, Hind femur without dark bands, with light black apical end. 151 61. Acrida exaltata (Walker), Hind femur with spine on both external and internal genicular lobe. 156 62. Phlaeoba tenebrosa (Walker), Lateral carina of pronotum straight, continuous. 156 63. Ceracris deflorata (Brunner von Wattenwyl), Lateral carina of pronotum diverging posteriorly. 157 64. Acrida exaltata (Walker), Wings pinkish. 159 65. Acrida gigentea (Herbst), Body with pinkish markings. 159 66. Acrida turrita (Linnaeus), Green morph. 160 67. Phlaeoba tenebrosa (Walker), Vertex with long lateral carina. 167 68. Phlaeoba infumata Brunner von Wattenwyl, Vertex with short lateral carina. 167 69. Ceracris vercicolor Brunner von Wattenwyl, Hind femur red on ventral side. 172 70. Ceracris deflorata Brunner von Wattenwyl, Hind tibia blue. 172 71. Ceracris nigricornis Brunner von Wattenwyl, Hind tibia black. 173 72. Locusta migratoria migratoria (Linnaeus), Body ventrally covered with dense long hairs. 181 73. Pternoscirta cinctifemur (Walker), Head and pronotum with deep pits and rougae………………………………………………… 181 74. Gastrimargus africanus africanus (Sassure) Wings yellow at base. 182 75. Scintharista notabilis notabilis (Walker) Wings purple red at base. 182 76. Oedipoda neelumensis Mahmood & Yousaf, Hind femur with ledge at its posterior end. 183 77. Oedaleus abruptus (Thunberg), Pronotum with x- shaped markings. 183 78. Heteropternus thoracica (Walker), Median field in front of suporius median vein with strongly slopping cross veins. 184 79. Aiolopus thalassinus tumulus (Fabricius), Foveoli long, trapezoidal reaching at the end of fastigium. 184 80. Epacromius coerulipes (Ivanov), Foveole triangular hardly reaching the fastigium of vertex. 185 81. Trilophidia
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