BIOSYSTEMATICS OF GRASSHOPPERS (ACRIDOIDEA:
ORTHOPTERA) FROM AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR
ANSA TAMKEEN
Reg. No. 2006. URTB.9184
Session 2006-2009
DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, RAWALAKOT
UNIVERSITY OF AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR
BIOSYSTEMATICS OF GRASSHOPPERS (ACRIDOIDEA:
ORTHOPTERA) FROM AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR
By
ANSA TAMKEEN
(Reg. No. 2006. URTB.9184)
M.Sc. (Hons.) Agri. Entomology
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of
Doctor of philosophy
In
ENTOMOLOGY
Department of Entomology
Session 2006-2010
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, RAWALAKOT
THE UNIVERSITY OF AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR
DECLARATION
I declare publically that, this thesis is entirely my own work and has not been presented in any way for any degree to any other university.
October, 2015 Signature ______Ansa Tamkeen
To
Allah
Hazarat Muhammad (PBUH)
&
My
Ever loving
Abu & Ammi
CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xvii
ABSTRACT
1. INTRODUCTON………………...……………………………………………1 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE…………………………………….………..…6
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS…………...…...………………...... 14
4. RESULTS.……..………..………..….…………….………………….……...21
SUPERFAMILY ACRIDOIDAE
FAMILY DERICORYTHIDAE ...... 24
SUBFAMILY CONOPHYMINAE………………………….…24
FAMILY PYRGOMORPHIDAE…………………...…..….……26
FAMILY ACRIDIDAE……………………………………...……37
SUBFAMILY MELANOPLINAE………………………….….46
SUBFAMILY HEMIACRIDINAE……………………….……47
SUBFAMILY OXYINAE ……………………………………..62
SUBFAMILY TROPIDOPOLINAE ……………………...…...75
SUBFAMILY CYRTACANTHACRIDINAE……………..…..76
SUBFAMILY CALLIPTAMINAE……………………..……...95 SUBFAMILY EYPREPOCNEMIDINAE ………………...…102
SUBFAMILY CATANTOPINAE ………………....…....…...113
SUB FAMILY SPATHOSTERNINAE ………………………137
SUB FAMILY GOMPHOCERINAE ……………………..….138
SUB FAMILY ACRIDINAE ……………………………….154
SUB FAMILY OEDIPODINAE……………………...………177
MOLECULAR ANAYLSIS…………....………….……….....214
DIVERSITY ANALYSIS………………………..……………217
5. DISCUSSION………………………………...….…………….…...……..…224
6. SUMMARY ….……………………………………..………..…...….…...….229
7. Check list of Acridoidea of Azad Jammu & Kashmir………..………..….…..230
8. Literature cited ……….……………………………………………...... …… 238
LIST OF TABLES
S. NO. TITLE PAGE
1. District wise collection localities of Azad Jammu & Kashmir. 14
2. Relative average abundance expressed in percent, of grasshopper families and
subfamilies Collected from three divisions of Azad Jammu & Kashmir. 220
3. Relative Abundance of Grasshopper species and Diversity indices. 221
LIST OF MAPS
S. NO. TITLE PAGE
1. Map showing collection Localities of Acridoid Grasshoppers from State of .
Azad Jammu & Kashmir. 20
2. Map showing Collection localities of Families from Azad Jammu &
Kashmir. 254
3. Map showing Collection localities of subamilies from Azad Jammu &
Kashmir. 255
4. Map showing Collection localities of subfamilies from Azad Jammu &
Kashmir. 256
LIST OF FIGURES
S. NO. TITLE PAGE
1. Conophyma kashmiricum (Mishchenko), Apterus body. 22
2. Poekilocerus pictus (Fabricius), Hind femur without feather shaped area. 22
3. Calliptamus balucha balucha Uvarov, Hind femur regular feather shaped. 23
4. Chrotogonus trachypterus trachypterus (Blanchard),Prosternum strongly
raised, dilated or collar form. 27
5. Attractomorpha sinensis Bolivar,Antennae far from eyes. 27
6. Poekilocerus pictus (Fabricius), Pronotum smooth. 28
7. Aularches miliaris Linnaeus, Pronotum rugose. 28
8. Dicranophyma hingstoni Uvarov, Tegmina short oval, wings absent. 40
9. Hieroglyphus nigroreplatus Bolivar,Radial field of the tegmina with series of
regular transverse stridulatory veinlets. 40
10. Oxya fuscovittata Marschall, Hind knee with black tiped spine. 41
11. Cyrtacanthacris tatarica tatarica (Linnaeus), Mesosternal lobes with acute
inner angle. 41
12. Calliptamus balucha balucha Uvarov, ♂ Cercus pincer like incurved 42
13. Eyprepocnemis alacris (Serville), Median carina of pronotum slightly raised or tectiform. 42
14. Diabolocatantops innotabilis Prosternal process stout; obtuse. 43
15. Spathosternum prasiniferum (Walker),Prosternal process at apex
broad bilobate. 43
16. Aulacobothrus luteipes (Walker),Row of pegs present on inner side of hind
femora. 44
17. Acrida exaltata (Walker), Empodium between claws large. 44
18. Gastrimargus africanus sulphureus Bei-Bienko, Empodium between claws
short. 45
19. Hieroglyphus banian (Fabricius), Male cercus bilobate. 48
20. Parahieroglyphus biliniatus(Bolivar), Male cercus large upcurved 48
21. Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus Bolivar, All sulcus of pronotum are laterally
joined by irregular black strips. 51
22. Hieroglyphus oryzivorus Carl, ♂ subgenital plate with truncate apex. 51
23. Hieroglyphus concolor ♀ (Walker),subgenital plate with parallel spiny
ridges. 52
24. Hieroglyphus annulicornis (Shiraki),♀ Subgenital plate flat. 52
25. Hieroglyphus fuscuvitata ♂ (Maschall) cercus compressed at base bifurcated at apex. 64
26. Oxya hyla hyla ♀ Serville, subgenital plate with toothed lateral longitudinal
ridges. 64
27. Oxya hyla intricata (Stål) ♀ subgenital plate flat. 65
28. Oxya bidentata ♂ (Willemse), cercus long conical bidentated at apex. 65
29. Oxya velox (Fabricius) ♂ cercus conical with acute apex. 66
30. Chondracris rosea (De Geer), Prothoracic process strongly bent
backward. 78
31. Valanga nigricornis nigricornis(Burmeister), Pronotum pitted. 78
32. Anacridium aegyptium (Linnaeus), Male subgenital plate trilobat
upcurved. 79
33. Cyrtacanthacris tatarica tatarica (Linnaeus), Prothoracic process bent
backward . 79
34. Patanga japonica (Bolivar), Prothoracic process vertical. 80
35. Patanga Succincta (Johannson,) Wings transparent at base. 92
36. Patanga japonica (Bolivar), Wings rosey red at base (dorsal view). 92
37. Acorypha glaucopsis (Walker), Male cercus long plate like, apex with two
lobes which are adentate. 98 38. Calliptamus balucha balucha Uvarov, Male cecus long lamelate, apex with
two lobes, lower lobe with 2 teeth at apex. 98
39. Tilotropidius varicornis (Walker), Prosternal process bifid at apex. 105
40. Cataloipus cognatus (Walkeer), Median carina of pronotum intersected by
three shallow sulcus. 105
41. Eyprepocnemis alacris alacris (Serville), Male cercus compressed at base,
pointed at apex. 106
42. Shirakiacris shirakii (Bolivar), Male cercus medially compressed expanded
at base and apex. 106
43. Paraconophyma kashmirica Mishchenko, Tegmina lateral reduced. 116
44. Apalacris varicornis Walker, Antennae widened basally, apically
rounded. 116
45. Pachyacris vinosa (Walker), Pronotum raised. 117
46. Catantops erubescens (Walker), Pronotum with low median carina, lateral
carina absent. 117
47. Choroedocus illustris (Walker), frontal ridge wide and flat throughout its
length. 118
48. Xenocatantops karnyi (Kirby), Pronotum with a whitish lateral bands. 118 49. Diabolocatantops innotabilis (Walker), Hind femur with two narrow
broken black bands. 119
50. Coroedocus illustris (Walker),Tegmina spotted with scattered black
spots. 127
51. Coroedocus robustus (Serville), Tegmina without spots. 127
52. Xenocatantops karnyi (Kirby), Hind femora with the row of black spots on
the lower outer carina for all its length. 132
53. Xenocatantops humilis (Serville), Hind femur with three white lateral
bands. 132
54. Gonista bicolor (Hann), Vertex strongly projecting forward, depressed. 141
55. Chorthippus vagan Ventral inner spur of hind tibia small, which is slightly
larger than dorsal spur of same side. 141
56. Aulacobothrus Bolivar,Ventral inner spur of hind tibia large which is larger in
length than dorsal spur of same side. 142
57. Gonista bicolor (Hann), Mesosternal lobes contigius. 144
58. Gonista rotundata Uvarov, Mesosternal lobes distinctly separated (ventral
view). 144 59. Aulabothrus leutipes (Walker), Hind femur with three dark bands on the dorsal
aspect, with apical end black. 151
60. Aulabothrus sevn-hedini Sjöstedt, Hind femur without dark bands, with
light black apical end. 151
61. Acrida exaltata (Walker), Hind femur with spine on both external and internal
genicular lobe. 156
62. Phlaeoba tenebrosa (Walker), Lateral carina of pronotum straight,
continuous. 156
63. Ceracris deflorata (Brunner von Wattenwyl), Lateral carina of pronotum
diverging posteriorly. 157
64. Acrida exaltata (Walker), Wings pinkish. 159
65. Acrida gigentea (Herbst), Body with pinkish markings. 159
66. Acrida turrita (Linnaeus), Green morph. 160
67. Phlaeoba tenebrosa (Walker), Vertex with long lateral carina. 167
68. Phlaeoba infumata Brunner von Wattenwyl, Vertex with short lateral
carina. 167
69. Ceracris vercicolor Brunner von Wattenwyl, Hind femur red on
ventral side. 172
70. Ceracris deflorata Brunner von Wattenwyl, Hind tibia blue. 172 71. Ceracris nigricornis Brunner von Wattenwyl, Hind tibia
black. 173
72. Locusta migratoria migratoria (Linnaeus), Body ventrally covered with dense
long hairs. 181
73. Pternoscirta cinctifemur (Walker), Head and pronotum with deep pits
and rougae………………………………………………… 181
74. Gastrimargus africanus africanus (Sassure) Wings yellow at base. 182
75. Scintharista notabilis notabilis (Walker) Wings purple red at base. 182
76. Oedipoda neelumensis Mahmood & Yousaf, Hind femur with ledge at its
posterior end. 183
77. Oedaleus abruptus (Thunberg), Pronotum with x- shaped markings. 183
78. Heteropternus thoracica (Walker), Median field in front of suporius median
vein with strongly slopping cross veins. 184
79. Aiolopus thalassinus tumulus (Fabricius), Foveoli long, trapezoidal reaching
at the end of fastigium. 184
80. Epacromius coerulipes (Ivanov), Foveole triangular hardly reaching the
fastigium of vertex. 185
81. Trilophidia annulata (Thunberg), Median carina of pronotum deeply intersected, look bifid; occiput with pair of tubercles. 185
82. Sphingonotus longipennis Saussure, Wings blue at basal half, wings with
well marked transvers band. 186
83. Leptopternis gracilis (Eversmann), Head and pronotum with white lateral
bands on ventral margin. 186
84. Acrotylus humbertianus Sassure, Wings yellowish at base with lunar shaped
black band. 187
85. Phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary relationships of grasshopper taxa
collected from various localities of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. 217
ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
B. L Body length
H. L Head length
P. L Pronotum length
P. W Pronotum width
T.L Tegmen length
T.Wd Tegmen width
W. Ex Wing Expanse
H.F.L Hind femur length
Tb.L Tibial Length
♂ Male
♀ Female
OSF Orthoptera Species File
SD Standard Deviation
Ft Feet
Km Kilometer mm Millimeter
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
All acclamations and praises are for Almighty Allah the omnipotent and Omni scientists. Who granted me vision and unflinching determination to contemplate and carry out my research study to end with in time. May blessings and Drood -o- Salam be upon Hazarat Muhammad (P.B.U.H) who decleared it to be obligatory duty of every muslim to acquire knowledge.
With profound gratitude and deepest sense of devotion to Prof. Dr. Khalid Mehmood, Chairman Department of Entomology, for his kind supervision and skilled advice. It is great privilege for me to record my heartiest and sincerest thanks to Prof. Dr. Rahim, Director Student Affairs for his guidance and keen interest in this research and valuable suggestions.
I have honor to offer my deep sense of thankfulness to ever affectionate to Prof. Dr. Rafique khan, Dean Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Poonch Rawalakot, for his invigorate encouragement and sympathetic attitude. Jovial thanks to Prof .Dr. Jamil Ahmed, Registrar, The University of Poonch Rawalakot, member of my supervisory committee counseling, affectionate behavior and valuable suggestions during the study.
I am extremely great full to Prof. Dr. Muhammad Naeem Chairman Department of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, for his technical assistance and support.
Words are lacking again to pay tribute to my loving, caring, kind hearted, affectionate parents who are living inspiration for me, especially my Father who inspired me to higher ideas of life and sacrificed his comfort for my brilliant future, may ALLAH bless them with health, happiness and peace.
Tremendous gratitude to my loving and caring sisters and brothers, especially Sardar Rehan Inayat and Sardar Imran Inayat for their moral support and amicable attitude during hard times of my study. I will feel to extend my sincere thanks to my husband, all my colleagues and students especially Miss Naila Nazir, Lecturer; Shah Ahmed, Lab Attendant; Muhammad Laboratory assistant Mr. Aurangzeb Khan for their continuous assistance.
ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted to explore the acridoid fauna from the region of
Azad Jammu & Kashmir. Survey was within 10 districts of AJK comprising of 50 localities during the year (2007-10) following by collection manual.The identification was carried out both on morphological and molecular level by using
DNA barcoding techniques. Seventy acridoid species were collected and identified from the study area and subjected to DNA barcoding to remove the confusion the morphological identification. The barcod results of only 26 species was obtained that shown the great variation among the specimens of 11 specie. Out of 70 species
17 were found as the new record from the study area. Keys were constructed for the local species, genera, subfamilies and families. Diversity indices were applied on the sorted material to calculate the the richness and abundance of acridoid grasshoppers. Sequences produced from the grasshoppres species in the current studies have been submitted in the gene bank database for the sequence database and barcod reference library, Biodiversity Institute Ontario, Canada.
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CHAPTER 01
INTRODUCTION
Acridoidea is the largest supper family of order Orthoptera and its members are called grasshoppers and locusts.The Super family Acridoidea is characterized by relatively short antennae, not more than half the length of the body with not more than 26-28 segments; 3 segmented tarsi on the hind legs; short ovipositor in the female bearing 2 pair of valve visible from outside; and short, hard and unsegmented cerci. The members of Acridoidea are cosmopolitan in distribution with nearly 26,840 species. The acridoid grasshoppers are widely distributed from tropical regions and deserts to the highest snow covered mountains with their maximum population in the warmer regions of the world. Grasshoppers are also known to be the most important group of phylum Arthropoda for their contribution to diversity, abundance and biomass on earth (Watts et al., 1998; Joern and Gaines,
1990; Lockwood, 1997). Grasshoppers are most important component of agricultural fields and grasslands and their global pest status has been reviewed in detail (Jago, 1998).
The earlier record of locust mass reproduction and field crop damage in Egypt goes back to 1490-904 B.C. In some decades of 20th century locust out break in Africa was of serious nature that has changed the socio- economic history of people especially of Kenya, Senegal, Ethiopia, Chad and
Somalia (Lubani,1966; Showler et al., 1995).The plundering role of locust and grasshopper to agricultural crop in Arabian countries, Iran, Afghanistan,Central
Asia and Indo Pakistan Subcontinant is also well documented (Ceccato, 2007;
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Duranton et al., 1979 ; OTA,1990; Barientos et al., 1992; Alexander and
Latchininsky 1995; Chandra Mohan and Manoharan,1989; Ghouri and
Ahmed,1960; Irshad et al., 1977a; Roonwal, 1978 and Riffat et al., 2007). The locust and grasshoppers out break in USA, Australia, China, Russia have caused considerable economic loss to crops and a significant monitory amount have been spent on control stretegies in these countries (Clark, 1972, Hewitt and Onsager,
1983; Chia- Chi H. and McE- Kevan,1997; Latchininsky, 2010; Hunter et al.,
2001). The important species responsible for this huge economic loss in different parts of the world are Schistocerca gregaria, Locusta migratoria, Hieroglyphus spp., Melanoplus spp., Chorthipus albomarginatus, and Oxya spp. In Indo Pakistan
Subcontinant, S.gregaria, Locusta migratoria migratoria, Hieroglyphus concolor,
H. nigrorepletus, H.banian, H. oryzevorus, Oxya velox, O.nitidula, Patanga succincta, Chrotogonus trachypterus trachypterus were reported as major economic pests of cultivated crops (Cotes, 1893; Barlow, 1900; Fletcher, 1919;
Uvarov, 1922; Pruthi and Nigham, 1939; Ghouri and Ahmad, 1960; Irshad et al.,
1977b; Younas et al., 1980).
In Pakistan during last two decades the rain intensity, frequency and distribution pattern has changed, resulting in locust out break suppression but at the same time other grasshopper species have attained the out break status. In
Azad Jammu and Kashmir Hieroglyphus species out breaks were frequently found in last ten years in the areas situated below 5000ft from sea level causing considerable damage to maize, millet and rice crops (Personal observation). The crop loss done for such out breaks have not been yet documented but significant material resources have been applied by farmers for control strategies. Similarly
2
Gastrimargus spp. have also been found in semi arid areas of Azad Jammu &
Kashmir causing damage to green grass in range lands where the farmers use the grasses as hay during winter season for cattle feeding. So, it is the need of time to identify the acridid species species of study area which shall be help full in making control strategy in future. Earlier many attempts have been made (Kirby, 1914;
Bei-Bienko and Mishchenko, 1951; Perwin et al., 1983; Mahmood, 1995;
Mahmood and Yousuf. 1999; Mahmood et al., 2000; Mahmood and Yousuf. 2000;
Mahmood et al., 2002; Mahmood and Shah. 2003; Mahmood et al., 2004;
Mahmood et al., 2008; Azim et al., 2010; Tamkeen et al., 2011; Usmani and
Naeem 2012 ; Nazir et al., 2014); to explore the acridoid fauna of the study area yet this area needs more extensive work in this regard.
The most pertinent work on the taxonomy of acridoid grasshoppers of this area is of Mahmood (1995) who has identified 53 grasshopper species from this area. In the present study 70 grasshopper species have been identified along with species richness, abundance and diversity has been calculated.
DNA barcoding of the identified species also done to remove the confusion which was occurs during morphological based identification.
Scientific objectives:
1. To know about the acridoid grasshopper species composition on
morphomolecular bases from study area.
2. To know the distribution pattern, species richness, abundance and
diversity of acridoid grasshoppers in the study area.
3. To know the pest status of acridoid grasshopper species in the
study area.
3
About study area:
The state of Azad Jammu & Kashmir lies between longitude 730 to 750 & latitude
33o to 360 and comprises an area of 5134 square miles (13,297 square kilo meters).
It is divided in 10 districts of Muzaffrabad, Hattian Bala, Neelum, Bagh, Haveli,
Poonch, Sudhnoti, Kotli, Mirpur and Bhimber. The Muzaffarabad divisions consist of Muzaffarabad, Neelum and Hattian. The Poonch divisions consist of Poonch,
Bagh, Haveli, Sudhnoti and Mirpur division consist of Mirpur, Kotli and Bhimber districts.The area under cultivation is around 170,787 hectares which is about
12.8% of the total area of AJK. According to the agricultural census of 1990, the average farm size is only 1.2 hectares, half of which is cultivated. A large proportion of farm land is uncultivable waste, including forest. The area under fruit cultivation is about 14,460 hectares. The most important fruits are Apples, Pears,
Apricots, Walnuts and Plums. The area controlled by the Forest Department is
42.6% of the total geographical area. Deodar (Cedrus), Kekar (Acacia nilotics),
Neem (Azadiracta indica), Mulbery (Morous alba), Populous (Populous euphratica), Shesham (Dalbergia sissoo) and Chir (Marus Jones) are some of the most important species of trees under forests. The climate is of subtropical high land type with an average annual rainfall of 1300mm.Throughout most of the region, the average rainfall exceeds 1400 mm, with the highest average rainfall occurring near Muzaffrabad (around 1800 mm).
The northern part of Azad Jammu and Kashmir encompasses the lower part including Muzaffrabad, Hattian Bala and Neelum.The area is mainly hilly and fall into mountainious zone, while Mirpur and Bhimber districts generally lie in foot hills. The area is full of natural beauty with thick forests and flowing
4
rivers. Whereas the southern parts of Azad Kashmir including Bhimber, Mirpur and Kotli districts has extremely hot weather in summers and moderate cold weather in winters.
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CHAPTER 02
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The important literature on taxonomic study of Acridoidea of Subcontinent is reviewed below.
Kirby (1910) studied the Acridoid fauna of the United India and published a synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera consisting of 250 species of grasshoppers from Indian Subcontinent. Kirby (1914) reported 329 species of
Acridoid grasshoppers with their keys and brief description from British India,
Ceylon and Burma. Fletcher (1919) published a list of 38 pest species of the family
Acridoidea from Indo Pakistan Subcontinent. Uvarov (1927) identified 45 species of the subfamilies Acridinae, Oedipodinae, Pyrgomorphinae and Catantopinae from undivided India. Mishchenko (1936) revised the genus Sphingonotus from the
Palearctic region and described 97 species including 9 species from Kashmir
(India). Bei-Bienko and Mishchenko (1951) described 833 species of grasshoppers and locusts under 222 genera from U.S.S.R and adjacent countries, including
Kashmir and Baluchistan. Dirsh and Uvarov (1953) revised the genus Anacridium and identified Anacridium aegyptium and A.rubrispinum from different localities of
Pakistan.
Mohyuddin (1955) collected 29 species of Acrididae from
Lahore, while McE Kevan (1957) described Chrotogonous trachypterus trachypterus and Chrotogonus trachypterus robertsi from Pakistan. Latif A., A.
Haq and M. Ahmed (1959) described 44 species of the family Acrididae while
Hashmi (1962) collected the genus Hieroglyphus from Lyallpur (now Faisalabad).
6
Akbar (1963, 1966) classified the family (Pyrgomorphidae) grasshopper on the basis of phallic characters and reported that Pyrgomorpha conica was the most common species found in Pakistan. Shahid (1964) identified 37 species of acridid grasshoppers belonging to 27 genera and 4 sub families from Peshawer valley in
KPK (Pakistan); while Hollis (1965, 1968, 1970, 1971) recorded and revised the genus Trilophidia, Aiolpus, Oxya and Tristria. He also reported these genuses from
Indo- Pakistan Subcontinent. Baloch (1966) recorded 11 species of grasshoppers belonging to the families Pyrgomorphidae and Acrididae, while Moeed (1966,
1971, 1976) recorded 27 species of the subfamilies Acridinae and Oedipodinae from Hyderabad and its Suburbs in Pakistan.
Jago (1967, 1982, and 1984) revised the genera Acorypha,
Xenocatantops and Diabolocatantops and reported the species Acorypha glaucopsis, Xenocatantops brachycerus, X.humilis, X.karnyi, X.henryi;
Diabolocatantops pulchella and D.axillaries from Indo Sub continent. Kevan and
Chen (1969) collected Atractomorpha crenulata and A.acutipennis from Pakistan.
(Gangwere et al., 1972; Bland et al., 1996) reported widespread distribution of
Aiolopus strepense (Oedipodinae) through out the canaries, except Fuerteventura.
Ahmad (1975-80) reported 120 species of acridoid grasshoppers from different ecological zones of Pakistan. Ahmed (1977) reported six families of
Acridoidea from South Asia. Irshad et al., (1977a, 1977b) reported 31 species of grasshoppers from paddy crops and grassland of the Punjab in Pakistan. Ritchie
(1981, 1982) revised the genus Oedaleus and Gastrimargus and reported the species Oedaleus rosescen, O.senegaensis, O.abruptus, Gastrimargus africanus
7
africanus and Gastrimargis sulphureus from Pakistan. Perwin et al., (1983) recorded 33 species of the grasshoppers from Karachi. Perwin et al., (1985) reported 110 species along with host plants in Pakistan including Azad Jammu &
Kashmir.
Baccetti and Abubakar (1987) reported Pyrgomorpha cognata
Krauss and Ochrilidia tibialis Fieber from Pakistan. Khan (1990) studied the seasonal occurrence and prepared an index of 17 species of grasshoppers abundantly found in Bhawani-Lasbella. Wagan (1990) described 41 species of acridids from Sindh, while Mazhar (1993) collected 74 species of Acrididae from the Punjab province in Pakistan. Malik et al., (1993) published a record of
71acridid species from Panjab province, Pakistan. Suhail (1994) recorded 146 acridoid species from Pakistan.
Suhail et al., (1994) conducted a survey of Punjab (Pakistan) and reported 13 species of family Acridinae from various localities of this area.Tokahi
(1996) recorded 7 species of subfamily Caliptaminae from Zhob division of
Balochistan (Pakistan).
Mahmood and Yousuf (1999) conducted a faunal survey of subfamily Oedipodinae from Azad Jammu & Kashmir and identified 11 species under 10 genera and added one new species Oedipoda neelumensis and described its external and internal morphological characters.
Suhail et al., (1999) recorded Spathosternum prasiniferum prasiniferum Walker, S. venulosum Stal°, Hieroglyphus perpolita Uvarov,
H.nigrorepletus Bolivar, H.banian (Fabricus) and H.concolor Walkr from various
8
localities of Pakistan. Suhail et al., (1999) collected 5 grasshopper species belonging to the subfamily Calliptaminae from various localities of Pakistan during year 1995-96. The synonymy, measurements, habitat of these species was given.
Prakash et al., (1999) studied species composition and community structure of Acridid fauna from deciduous forest in India. Chitra et al.,
(2000) reported the presence of 50 grasshopper species includind 8 long–horned and 28 short-horned grasshoppers, 3 crickets and 10 Pygmy feeding on the rice foliage and grains from Tamil Nadu State of India. Mahmood et al., (2000) identified six species of family Pyrgomorphidae and subfamily Catantopinae
(Acridoidae: Orthoptera) from Azad Jammu & Kashmir. Mahmood et al., (2000) reported 7 species under 6 genera of subfamily Acridinae from Azad Jammu &
Kashmir. Out of these one species i.e., Gelastorhinus begahensis was new to science.
Mahmood and Yousuf (2000) recorded a new Grasshopper species i.e. Eustaurus tibalus gen. et sp.nov. from Azad Jammu& Kashmir.
Mahmood et al., (2002) identified 6 species of subfamily catantopinae under 4 genera from Azad Jammu & Kashmir. One species Catantops unimaculata was new to science. The allotypes of the species Dicranophyma hingstoni and
Paraconophyma kashmiricum were recorded for the first time. The new species and allotypes were described in detail.
Aikawa and Shirota (2003) recorded Oxya yezoensis, O. chinensis formosana, O. japonica japonica, and O. hyla intricata from Japan. They studied
9
the nucleotide sequences of a 372-bp region of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I
(COI) gene in mtDNA and also used these sequences for constructing the molecular phylogenetic trees of five Oxya species. The results indicated that the two species O. yezoensis and O. chinensis formosana were closely related to each other, and O. japonica and O. hyla intricata were distantly related to them.
Mahmood and Shah (2003) recorded 6 species in 3 genera of
Eyprepocnimidinae from Azad Jammu & Kashmir. Mahmood et al., (2004) collected and identified seven species of grasshoppers from Baltistan (Azad Jammu
& Kashmir) belonging to subfamily Calliptaminae, Oedipodinae, and Acridinae.
The result showed that six species were found on loose sandy soil having xerophytic vegetation, whereas only one species was found on clay- loamy soil with succulent vegetation. Riffat et al., (2007) carried out an extensive work on the distribution of Hieroglyphus nigroreplatus Bolívar from different climatic zones of
Pakistan. H. nigroreplatus Bolívar was found injurious to Wheat, Sugar cane, and
Millet and cause defoliation in maize and rice all over the Pakistan and was found in both Brachypterus and Macropterus form. Mahmood et al., (2008) reported 7 species of Oedipodinae (Acrididae) under 6 genera, including a new species
Heteropternis sarimahii from Malaysia.
Mukhtar et al., (2010) reported 14 species of grasshoppers of sub families Acridinae, Euprepocnemidinae and Oedipodinae from different localities of Quetta division of Pakistan including one new species. Azim et al., (2010) redefined the tribe Oedipodini and gave the diagnostic characters of 12 genera found in Kashmir (India). Barakat et al., (2011) recorded a new species
Sphingonotus sindhensis under genus Sphingonotus from Sindh provience of
10
Pakistan.Tamkeen et al., (2011) reported 26 species of acridid grasshoppers from different localities of Mirpur division of Azad Jammu & Kashmir.
Usmani and Naeem (2012) reported 37 species of grasshoppers belonging to families Pyrgomorphidae, Catantopinae and Acrididae from Bihar (India) with their distinguishing characters, bioecological data along with keys.
Available literature on the molecular characterization of grasshoppers is reviewed below.
Haruki and Butlin (2001) used PCR- based assay for assessing the phylogenetic relationship and genomic structure of the acridid grasshoppers. By using the method of long primer sets with four neucleotide in Chorthipus brunneus and C. jcobi, small interspecific differenciation was recorded between two species.
Han Yali (2001) studied polymorphism of genomic DNA in 6 species of locusts belonging to 3 genera of the subfamily Oedipodinae by means of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). 22 specific DNA segments were obtained by amplification with the primer OPA-02, with their molecular weight ranging from
650 bp to 1990 bp. The dendrogram of 6 species based on UPGMA analysis established the greater generic variation from species of the same genus to those belonging to a different genus, the average similarity was higher in genus Oedaleus and Epacromius than in Angaracris genus.
Fries et al., (2007) analyzed the molecular phylogeny of
Oedipodinae and their intercontinental relationships. Their objective was to independently assess these biogeographic accounts and examin the validity of several tribal construct and to shed light on problematic taxa such as Stethophym
11
and Machaerocera which have ambivalent affiliation with Oedipodinae. For this purpose they sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed portion of four mitochondrial gene (coding for cytochrome oxidase subunit I and II cytochrome b and dehydrogenase subunit V.) totaling up to 2254 bp in the specimens collected in America, Australia, Africa, Eurasia. Cabrero et al., (2009) conducted research on chrosome maping of H3 snd H4 histone gene cluster in 35species of acridid grasshoppers. They analyzed chromosomes location of H3 and H4 histone gene cluster by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) in 35 species of Acridid grasshoppers belonging to seven sub families.
To Li et al., (2011) examined the genetic diversity and structure of Oxya hyla intricata on the basis of DNA sequences and amplified fragment length polymorphism.12 population samples were collected from South East Asian countries, from which 175 individuals were analysed using DNA cytochrome c- oxidase subunit (COI) sequences and 232 individuals were examined by using
ALFP to test whether polygenetical pattern and population genetics of this species are related to the past geological events or climatic conditions.It is reported that no obvious trends of genetic diversity was found with respect to latitude/ longitude gradient among geographical groups.
In view of given review it is obvious that there is no work done on Acridoidae of Azad Jammu & Kashmir exists. The present investigations were made to explore the acridoid fauna of the study area along with its diversity, richness, abundance and morphomolecular analysis. Nazir et al., (2014) conducted a research on morphological and molecular identification of acridid grasshoppers
(Acrididae: Orthoptera) from poonch division, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan
12
and made an attempt to resolve conflicts in the identification of grasshopper species of the family Acrididae (Orthoptera) on the basis of morphology and DNA barcoding. They reported that Barcode data successfully discriminated 18 species, while two: Patanga japonica (Bolivar, 1898) and P. succincta (Johannson, 1763) could not be distinguished since they shared the barcode sequence and clustered together on the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) tree. Morphologically, specimens of
Shirakiacris shirakii (Bolívar, 1914) were identified to one species, but barcode data revealed that in addition to Shirakiacris shirakii (Bolívar, 1914) two other species of genus Shirakiacris are present in the region. Similarly, on the basis of morphological characters two species were indentified in subfamily Catantopinae,
Catantops erubescens (Walker, 1870) and Xenocatantops brachycerus (Willemse,
1932), but barcode data suggest the presence of an additional Catantops species in the region.
13
CHAPTER 03
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The adult acridoid grasshoppers were collected throughout the year (2007- 2010) with maximum efforts during the months of August –September because during these months maximum populations of acridoids grasshopper was found every where. The adult grasshoppers were collected from various localities of 10 Districts of Azad Jammu & Kashmir. The district wise localities are given below. (Table 1,
Map 1). Total of 50 localities were visited during this survey throughout the study area of state of Azad Jammu & Kashmir.
DIVISION DISTRICTS LOCALITIES
Muzafrabad Muzafrabad Gari dopatta, Pirchenasi, Shounter nala, saran, Cami forest, Channari, Komi kot, Duba
Neelum Athmaqam, Sharda, Kel, Taobat,Halmat, Surgon
Hattian Hattian bala, chikar, Leepa
Poonch Poonch Rawalakot, Goi nala, Tolipir, Shaheed gala, Hajira. Ali sogal, Abbaspur.
Bagh Bagh, Arja, Haji pir, Kafful garh
Havali Kahuta, Bedori, Ali abad, Degwar.
Sudhnoti Plandri, Bloach,Trarkhal
Mirpur Kotli Senhsa, Choroi, Tatta Pani
Mirpur Dadyal, Jatlan,Chakswari, Jandichontra, Bathar, Siakh, Pir Gali
Bhimber Smahni, Bhimber, Bernala, Bindi Smahni
14
Collection.
The adult grasshopper’s specimens were collected from Paddy fields, maize field, Wheat field, Barley, vegetable fields, bushes, grasses, rangelands and forest areas with the help of traditional insect hand net. The collected materials were transferred to the laboratory in the paper bag after killing in standard entomological bottle containing cyanide.
Stretching and Measurements.
The specimens were stretched on the stretching board till they dried. Later the collected specimens were stored in insect boxes with the label showing locality, date collector names and host for further taxonomic studies. Total body length (dorsaly midline length of insects from fastigium to the abdominal tip) and measurements of 8 body parts including head length, tegmen length, hind femur length, tibial length, wing expanse, tegmen width, pronotum length and pronotum width was taken.
Taxonomic identification.
The taxonomic identification was done in the entomological lab by using compound microscope Leica ( MZ 750.63-5.0) by following dichomotus keys of Bie-Bienko & Mishchenko (1951), Dirsh (1961, 1965), Johnsen (1982,
1990), Ritchie (1982), Mason (1973) and Jago (1967). The terminology of Kirby
(1914), Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko (1951) Dirsh (1965), and Hollis (1968) was used.
15
DNA barcoding.
Morphologically identified / unidentified specimens were transferred to Insect Molecular Biology Lab, National Institute for Biotechnology
& Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faislabad for DNA bar-coding for their identification up to molecular level. Specimens were processed following standard
DNA barcoding protocols as out lined previously (Hebert et al., 2003). In brief, labeled specimens were arrayed in a 96- well PCR plate fashion to correspond with the location of tissue samples in the plates. Specimen data on field identification, taxonomic identification, identifier voucher type, collector, collection date, province, region, locality, latitude, longitude and elevation was entered in spreadsheet. The specimens were photographed in the order of spreadsheet.
Specimen data and images were uploaded to the Barcode of Life Data System
(BOLD) hosted by Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Canada.
Tissue sampling was performed by removing a small part of insect leg and transferring into the labeled PCR plate in the corresponding well.
Tissue was processed for DNA extraction, PCR amplification of barcode region of
COI, gel electrophoreses and then sequencing. Obtained barcode sequences were edited and analysed and uploaded to the BOLD for further analysis and storage.
Specimen used for tissue sampling will be said as voucher specimens for further reference. Sequences will be used to make comparisons with those of other grasshopper species in the BOLD /NCIB and species identities were confirmed.
PCR amplicons were bidirectional sequenced and contigs were assembled and edited using EditSeq (DNAStar, Madison, WI). Nucleotide sequences and mitochondrial genes of grasshopper species where applicable obtained from Gene
16
Bank (NCBI) were aligned to determine evolutionary relationships of the grasshoppers species. Multiple alignments were carried out under the profile alignment option with ClustalW using the default parameters.
Phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses were conducted and dendrogram developed using MEGA version 5 (Tamura et al.,
2011). Patterns of sequence divergence among taxa were visualized using the neighbor-joining method. Evolutionary distances were computed using the
Maximum Composite Likelihood method based upon the units of the number of base substitutions per site after all positions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated from the dataset (Complete Deletion model). Grasshopper’s species identities and sequence comparisons were performed using either BOLD portal or that of NCBI. Using published primers or primers designed on the basis of conserved sequences of other grasshopper species for the targeted gene, respective gene of grasshopper species collected from various localities of Azad Kashmir were amplified. Amplification and sequencing of barcode region of the majority of specimens was performed at the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario. The size of the
COI barcode was uniform among all the species producing successful barcodes.
The sequences have either been allocated GenBank accession numbers or have been submitted to the DDBJ/EMBL/Gene Bank databases for assignment of accessions.
Photography
The individuals of male and female specimen of all 70 species
17
were transferred to Entomological lab of Pir Mehir Ali Shah Arid Agriculture
University Rawalpindi for photographs of taxonomic characters. The photographs of key taxonomic characters of families, subfamilies, genus and species were captured by using Lucida microscope and digital camera.
Repository.
Sampled specimens of adult grasshoppers were deposited in the
Department of Entomology. The University of Poonch, Faculty of Agriculture
Rawalakot Azad Jammu & Kashmir Pakistan.
Description.
Valid names, along with synonyms and ecological ecological distributions for all sampled / identified species are given. Deviating or additional characters if any from already published description are also given under each species.
Comparison of measurements.
The measurements of sampled specimens compared with previous record of Kirby (1914), Bei- Bienko & Mishchenko (1951), Dirsh (1965),
Hollis (1971), Mason (1973), and Mahmood (1995) to calculate their differences.
Statistical analysis.
Range, mean and standard deviation of all different body parts of collected specimens are given.
Diversity indices.
The acridoid grasshopper’s species abundance was calculated as total No. of individuals of each species present in each division.
18
The species richness was calculated as the total No. of species present in each division.
The diversity was calculated using Shannon-Weiner’s diversity index (Shannon and Weiner, 1963). The actual form of the index is: H´= -∑ pi.ln pi, where, “pi” is the relative abundance of each species (Maria et al., 2000).
List of abbreviations and symbols used for studied parameters.
19
Map1. Map showing collection Localities of Acridoid Grasshoppers from State of Azad Jammu & Kashmir.
1 Bhimber 9 Bathar 17 Plandri 25 Kahuta 33 Kafful garh 41 Muzaffrabad 49 Halmat
2 Smahni 10 Siakh 18 Trarkhal 26 Haveli 34 Hattian bala 42 Pir chansi 50 Tao but
3 Bindi Smahni 11 Dadyal 19 Hajeera 27 Ali abad 35 Chikar 43 Doba
4 Jandi chontra 12 Kotli 20 Khaigala 28 Bedori 36 Chakothi 44 Athmuqam
5 Jatlan 13 Choch 21 Degwar 29 Rawalakot 37 Channari 45 Sharda
6 Mirpur 14 Senhsa 22 Ali sojal 30 Goinala 38 Leepa 46 Neelum
7 Chakswari 15 Tatta pani 23 Toli pir 31 Bagh 39 Komi kot 47 Sugon
8 Pir gali 16 Bloach 24 Abbaspur 32 Arja 40 Garidopatta 48 Kel
20
CHAPTER 04
RESULTS
A total number of 70 species have been identified under 3 families from state of
Azad Jammu & Kashmir.
Key to the Families of Acridoidea
(Fig 1, 3)
1. Body completely apterous (Fig. 1) …………………………....….Dericorythidae
- Body with well developed wings……………………………...…………..…...... 2
2. Prosternum between forelegs with eleviated process; fastigial furrow present; hind femora without regular feathers shaped area (Fig. 2) ...... …Pyrgomorphidae
- Prosternum between forelegs without any process; fastigial furrow absent; hind
femora outwardly with regular feathers shaped area (Fig. 3) ………..….Acrididae
21
Fig.1. Conophyma kashmiricum (Mishchenko), Apterus body (dorsal view).
Fig. 2. Poekilocerus pictus (Fabricius), Hind femur without feather shaped
area (lateral view).
22
Fig.3. Calliptamus balucha balucha Uvarov, Hind femur regular feather
shaped (lateral view).
23
Family Dericorythidae
It is represented by a single subfamily.
Subfamily Conophyminae
It is represented by 1 species under one genus.
Genus Conophyma Zubovski,
1898. Conophyma Zubovski Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pet. 105.
Type species: Conophyma semenovi Zubovski
The single collected species totaly agree with the published description (Bei-
Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951) of this genus.
Conophyma kashmiricum Mishchenko,
1950. Conophyma kashmiricum Mishchenko. C. R. Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R. 72:213.
The collected specimens of a single species exactly agree with the published description (Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951) of this species with minor differences in body measurements that may be due to ecological factors.
This species has been reported by (Mahmood, 1995) from Azad Jammu & Kashmir under the family Lentulidae. According to Orthoptera Species File this genus is under family Dericorythidae and subfamily Conophyminae.
24
Measurements 3♂& 5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 13.3-14.1 13.88 0.33 18.2-20 18.68 1.14 H.L 3-3.2 3.10 0.07 4-4 4.00 0.00 P.L 3.4-4 3.88 0.27 5-5 5.00 0.00 P.W 3.4-4.1 3.90 0.28 4.4-5 4.64 0.33 H.F.L 9-9.2 9.04 0.09 10.4-11 10.88 0.27 Tb.L 8-8.1 8.02 0.04 10-10 10.00 0.00
Material Examined: 5♀ 9 ♂, Bedori Kahuta 6795 ft 33° 50'35.48"N 74° 01'
27.15" E (A.Tamkeen) 19.7.2010; 1♀, Haji pir 8631 ft 33°33'19.61" N
73°53'15.87"E 35 km from kahuta (A.Tamkeen) 14.7.2010.
Habitat: The species has been collected from herbaceous flora from high mountains which remains covered with snow from December to March.
Distribution: Pakistan.
25
Family Pyrgomorphidae
This family is represented by 4 species under four genera of subfamily
Pyrgomorphinae from study area.
Subfamily Pyrgomorphinae
Key to the Local genera of Subfamily Pyrgomorphinae
(Fig.4, 7)
1. Anterior margin of prosternum strongly raised,collar like, which covers the mouth ventrally (Fig.4)………………………….………....…Chrotogonus Serville
- Anterior margin of prosternum not strongly raised, not covered the mouth ventrally…………………………………………………………………………….2
2. Head strongly projecting forward between eyes; antennae placed far from eyes in front of ocelli (Fig.5); body medium sized …………….…Atractomorpha Saussure
- Head not projecting between eyes, antennae place near eyes and below ocelli, body large……………………….…………………..………………………………3
3. Body robust, greenish with yellow bands (Fig.6); pronotum smooth, tegmina and wings fullydeveloped………….…………………………...…Poekilocerus Serville
- Body robust, completely black, a broad yellow band running across the face below the antennae and sides of pronotum; protonum strongly rugose (Fig.7); tegmina and wings well developed, tegmina with yellow spots……Aularches Sta◦l
26
Fig.4. Chrotogonus trachypterus trachypterus (Blanchard), Prosternum strongly raised, dilated or collar form (ventral view).
Fig.5. Attractomorpha sinensis Bolivar, Antennae far from eyes (dorsal view).
27
Fig.6. Poekilocerus pictus (Fabricius), Pronotum smooth (dorsal view).
Fig.7. Aularches miliaris Linnaeus, Pronotum rugose (dorsal view).
28
Genus Chrotogonus Serville
One species has been recorded under this genus.
1838. Chrotogonus Serville. Hist. nat. Orth. pp 702.
Type species. Ommexecha lugubri Blanchard
The specimens of this single collected species exactly agree with published description (Kirby, 1914; Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951; Ahmad, 1958; Shahid,
1964; Dirsh, 1965; Baloch, 1966) of this genus.
Chrotogonus (Chrotogonus) trachypterus
1836. Ommexecha trachypterum Blanchard. Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 5:618.
1836. Ommexecha pallidus Blanchard. Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 5:623.
1836. Ommexecha gracilis Blanchard. Ann. Soc.ent. Fr. 5:619.
1838. Ommexecha trachyptera Burmeister Handbuch der Entomologie 2(2):I-
VIII:656.
1842. Acridium (Ommexecha) trachypterum Haan. In Temminck. Verhandelingen
over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche
bezittingen Zoologie: 142
1884. Chrotogonus incertus Bolívar,I. An.Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. 13:38, 45, 101.
1904. Chrotogonus brevis Bolívar, Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 4:92, 99, 101.
1914. Chrotogonus sordidus Kirby, Fauna of Brit. Ind. (Acrididae) 162, 167.
1931. Ommexecha trachypterum Sherborn, Index Anim. 2(26):6555.
29
1956. Chrotogonus (Chrotogonus) trachypterus Johnston, H.B.Ann. cata. Afri.
grasshoppers 118.
1959. Chrotogonus trachypterus trachypterus Kevan, D.K.M. Publ. Cult. Comp.
Dia. Ang. 43:148.
1975. Chrotogonus (Chrotogonus) trachypterus trachypterus Kevan, D.K.M., Akbar & Y. C. Chang. Eos 49:197. The collected specimens exactly conform to the published description (Kirby,
1914; Kevan, 1959; Baloch, 1966) of this species. Minor variations were recorded in body length, hind fremur length and tegmen length that may because of ecological or geographical variations.
Measurements 3♂& 5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 13.2-15 14.07 0.90 20-22 20.66 0.85 H.L 3-3.3 3.17 0.15 3.2-4 3.84 0.36 P L 3-4 3.67 0.58 4-5 4.80 0.45 P W 4.3-5 4.57 0.38 7.2-8 7.18 0.73 T.L 8-11 9.67 1.53 13.1-15 13.76 0.86 Tg.W 2-2.3 2.20 0.17 3-4.1 3.70 0.48 H.F.L 7-9 7.73 1.10 9-10.4 9.70 0.66 Tb.L 7-7.2 7.07 0.12 8-10 8.88 0.76 W.Ex 20.2-27 23.90 3.32 33.5-36 34.70 1.20
Material examined: 3♀,Chakswari 1500 ft 33°18'18.57" N 73°48'06.18"E ,44 km from Mirpur (A.Tamkeen) 5.7.2008; 1♀, Dadyal 3198 ft 33°19'45.44" N
73°41'56.87"E (A.Tamkeen) 24-5-2007; 14♀ , 4♂, Rawalakot 5500 ft
30
33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E (M. Asif) 8.9.2009; 1♂, Smahni 3198ft, 30 km in the North East of Mirpur (A.Tamkeen) 6.7.2008.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from rockey land covered with thin forest and barren fields with sparse vegetation, causing damage to maize crop and mixed vegvetables.
Distribution: Pakistan, India, China, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan.
Genus Atractomorpha Saussure,
This genus is represented by a single species.
1862. Atractomorpha Saussure. Ann. Soc.ent. Fr. 41:474.
1870. Perena Walker, Cata.Spec.Derm.Salt. Brit. Mus. 3:506.
1874. Minorissa Thomas, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv.Territ. 1(2):63.
1914. Atractomorphus Kirby, Faun. Brit. Ind., Orth. (Acridi.) 3.
Type species: Truxalis crenulata Fabricius
The collected specimens exactly conform with published description (Kirby,1914;
Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko,1951; Dirsh,1965; kevan and Chen1969) of this genus.
Atractomorpha sinensis Bolívar
1905. Atractomorpha ambigua Bolívar, Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 5:198, 209.
1905. Atractomorpha angusta Bolívar, Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 5:198.
1905. Atractomorpha sinensis Bolívar, Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 5:198, 205.
31
1969. Atractomorpha sinensis montana Kevan, Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 48:141.
1969. Atractomorpha sinensis sinensis Kevan, D.K.M. & Y.K. Chen. Zool. J.
Linn. Soc. 48:156.
The collected specimen of single species is exactly similar to the published description (Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951; Kevan & Chen 1969; Mahmood,
1995; Usmani and Naeem 2012) of this species.
Measurements 5♂ & 5♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 19-20.4 20.28 0.83 30.3-32 31.10 0.60 H.L 4.2-5.1 4.60 0.42 5-6 5.56 0.43 P L 4.4-5.1 4.94 0.31 7-8.2 7.34 0.50 P W 3-4 3.62 0.52 5.2-6 5.40 0.34 T.L 17-20.3 18.56 1.19 23-29 26.44 2.30 Tg.W 2.4-3.1 2.90 0.28 4-5 4.46 0.51 H.F.L 10-11.3 10.74 1.04 14-15 14.64 0.50 Tb.L 8.4-11 9.60 1.16 12.2-13 12.32 0.40 W.Ex 37.6-45 40.82 2.91 57.7-63.3 58.8 4.32
Material examined: 4♀, Hajeera 3111ft 33°46'17.96"N 73°53'45.42"E, 28 km
East ward of Rawalakot. (A.Tamkeen) 25.10.2009; 2♂ ,23♀, Rawalakot 5500ft
(A.Tamkeen) 20.8.2010; 13♀, Kotli 3280ft 33.52°N 73.29°E (A.Tamkeen)
14.10.2008; 2♀, Bhimber 1508 ft 32°58'35.07" N 74°04 '47.83"E 50 km in East of
Mirpur (A.Tamkeen)16.10.2008; 1♀, Muzaffrabad 3470 ft 34°22'16.64" N
32
73°28'16.29"E (Adrees Ahmed Tahir) 26.7.2006; 6♂, Smahni 3198ft, 30 km in the
North East of Mirpur (A.Tamkeen) 28.7.2008.
Habitat: The members of this species have been collected from mixed vegetables, maize fields and grasses, mountaneous areas and range land.The members of this species was found causing damage by chewing tender leaves of maize crop and vegetables.
Earlier, Mahmood 1995 recorded this species from Azad Kashmir. During this study the specimens of this species have been collected from low altitude 3111ft to high altitude 5500ft.
Distribution: Kashmir, China, Kyrgyzystan, Tajikistan, Bangladesh, Nepal,
Bhutan.
Genus Poekilocerus Serville,
It is represented by a single species under 1 genus.
1831. Poekilocerus Serville Ann. Sci. nat. Paris 22(86):275
1836. Poecilocera Percheron, Gen. des ins. 3:pl. 6.
1838. Poekilocera Percheron Table alphabetigue 10.
1841. Poekilocera Westwood.
1855. Poecilocerus Stål.Ofv. K. Vetensk. Akad.Forh. 12:352.
1898. Paecilocerus Bordas, Ann. Sci. nat. Zool. 8(5):70, 71.
1914. Poecilocerus Kirby, Faun. Brit. Ind. Orth.Acrid.p.170
33
Type species: Gryllus pictus Fabricius
The collected specimens are similar to the published description (Bei-Bienko &
Mishchenko, 1951; Dirsh, 1965; Kevan & Chen 1969) of this genus.
Poekilocerus pictus (Fabricius)
1775. Gryllus pictus Fabricius Sys.Entomol. Sistens p. 289.
1778. Gryllus (Locusta) Goeze. Ent. Beytr. Linne's Natursyst. 2:106.
1791. Acrydium pictum Olivier Encyclopédie Méthodique 6:220.
1802. Gryllus pictus Borkhausen Epit.ent. Linne, London 2:559.
1831. Poekilocerus sonneratii Serville. Ann.Sci.Nat. 32:276.
1838. Poecilocera picta Burmeister Handbuch der Entomologie 2(2):I-VIII:624.
1842. Acridium (Poecilocera) pictum Haan. In Temminck: 138.
1884. Poecilocerus pictus Bolívar, An. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. 13:452.
1904. Poecilocerus tessellatus Bolívar, Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 4:432.
1963. Poekilocerus pictus Shumakov. Trudy Vses. Entomol.Obshch. 49:110.
1979. Poecilocerus pictus Delvi & Pandian.Proc.Indian Acad. Sci., Bang. (B) 88(1) (4):241-256.
1987. Poekilocerus pictus Saini.Jour. Adv. Zool. 8(2):142-147.
The collected specimens of this single species conform to the published description
(Kirby, 1914; Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951; Ahmed, 1958; Shahid, 1964;
Suhail, 1994; Usmani and Naeem 2012) of this species.
34
Measurements 2 ♂ & 2 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 41-46 43.5 3.54 53-57 55 2.83 H.L 6-6 6 0 6-6.1 6.05 0.071 P L 11.2-11.3 11.25 0.071 13-14 13.5 0.71 P W 8 8 8 0 10 10 10 0 T.L 33-38 35.5 3.54 33-33 33 0 Tg.W 7 -7 7 0 8-8.3 8.15 0.212 H.F.L 20-21 20.5 0.71 21-22 21.5 0.71 Tb.L 20-20.4 20.2 0.28 20-23.1 21.55 2.2 W.Ex 74-84 79 7.08 76-76 76 0
Material examined: 2 ♀ ,2 ♂Dadyal 3198 ft ,33°19'45.44" N 73°41'56.87"E
(A.Tamkeen)7.9.2008.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from grassy fields and bushes.
Previously Perwin et al., (1985) recorded first time this species from Azad Kashmir
(Muzaffrabad).
Distribution: Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka.
Genus Aularches Stål,
It is represented by a single species under 1 genus.
1873. Aularches Stål Ofv. K. Vetensk. Akad.Forh. 30(4):51.
Type species: Gryllus miliaris Linnaeus
35
The single collected species exactly agree with the published description (Kirby,
1914; Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951) of this genus.
Aularches miliaris (Linnaeus,)
1758. Gryllus miliaris Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. p 1:432
1773. Acrydium verrucosum Geer, hist. des ins. 3:486
1773. Gryllus punctatus Drury, Illust.of Nat. Hist., 240 figures of Exotic Insects 2:2 1793. Gryllus scabiosus Fabricius, Suppl. Entoml.Syst. 2:51
1813. Gryllus conspersus Houttuyn, In Stoll, C. Nat. Afbeeld. Bes. Spooken wan.
Blad. Zabel. 2:13
1884. Aularches miliaris Bolívar, I An. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. 13:477.
1902. Aularches miliaris Bolívar, I Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. pl. 9 : 612.
The collected specimens exactly agree with published description (Kirby, 1914;
Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951) of this species.
Taxonomic note:
Tegmina dark brown with large yellow spots at basal side, wings purely dark brown, 2 prominent tubercles present on prozona, small prominent tubercles present on mesozona.
Measurements 3♂& 5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 42.2-47 43.88 2.09 48.3-51.3 50.56 1.90 H.L 6-7 6.24 0.43 5.3-7 6.12 0.61 P L 8-9 8.68 0.46 10-13.1 11.48 1.48
36
P W 10.1-12 11.04 0.67 13-14 13.32 0.40 T.L 38-40.3 38.56 1.19 42-47 43.88 2.14 Tg.W 11-11.4 11.32 0.41 11-13 12.22 0.83 H.F.L 18-19 18.28 0.41 18-21 20.04 1.23 Tb.L 17-18.2 17.36 0.50 18-20 19.04 0.71 W.Ex 84-89.6 85.76 2.44 94-104.3 99.24 4.64
Material examined: 10♀ 10♂, Kotli 2334 ft 33°28'16.30" N 73°52'57.41"E
(A.Tamkeen) 14.8.2010; 4 ♀, Smahni 3198ft , 30 km in the North East of Mirpur
(A.Tamkeen) 23.8.2007; 1♀1♂, Hajeera 3111ft 33°46'17.96"N 73°53'45.42"E, 28 km in East from Rawalakot (A.Tamkeen) 2.8.2010.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from long green grasses, pastures and fruit orchards, and mainly causing damage to grasses.
Distribution: Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Thailand, New
Guinea.
Family Acrididae
It is represented by 12 subfamilies from Azad Jammu & Kashmir.
Key to the Subfamilies of family Acrididae
3(Fig 8, 18)
1. Tegmina short, oval; wings absent (Fig. 8)….………….………....Melanoplinae
- Tegmina and wings well developed…………………………………………….2
2. Prosternal process between forelegs well developed of variable shape
………………………………………………………………...……………….……3
37
- Prosternal process between forelegs absent or a small spherical convexity present………………………………………………………………..……………10
3. Radial field of the tegmina with series of regular transverse stridulatory
veinlets (Fig.9)……….…………………………..………….……Hemiacridinae
- Radial field of tegmina without transverse stridulatory veinlets………….…….4
4. Lower external lobe of hind knee produced in to a black tiped spine (Fig.10); outer ridge of hind tibia expanded, flattened ………….….…..…..………..Oxyinae
- Lower external lobe of hind knee rounded; outer ridge of hind tibia not expended……………………………………………………………………………5
5. Body elongate, stick like ; mesosternal lobs contiguous……....Tropidopolinae
- Body not stick like; mesosternal lobes separated throught out the length …….…6
6. Mesosternal lobes slightly converging with acute inner angle
(Fig.11)…………...……………………………………………Cyrtacanthacridinae
- Mesosternal lobes with rounded angle………………….……………..…………7
7. Male cercus pincer like, strong, incurved (Fig.12)……….………Calliptaminae
- Male cercus not pincer ilke, variable………………………..….…..……….……8
8. Median carina of pronotum slightly raised or tectiform, lateral carina straight; slightly diverging; male cercus compressed medially
(Fig.13)……………………….……………..….………………Eyprepocnemidinae
38
- Median carina of pronotum flat, not raised; lateral carina present or absent; male
cercus not compressed…………………………………………..………………..9
9. Prosternal process stout; obtuse (Fig.14)……………...... ……...... Catantopinae
- Prosternal process straight, transverse, slightly curved backwar, base narrow,
apex broad bilobate(Fig.15)…………………..…..….…...….….Spathosterninae
10. Row of pegs present on inner side of hind femora (Fig.16)……Gomphocerinae
- Row of pegs on inner side of hind femora absent……………....……….……11
11. Antennae ansiform; empodium between tarsal claws large (Fig.17)…Acridinae
-Antennae filiform; empodium between tarsal claws small
(Fig.18)...... Oedipodinae
39
Fig.8. Dicranophyma hingstoni Uvarov, Tegmina short oval, wings absent
(lateral view).
Fig.9. Hieroglyphus nigroreplatus Bolivar, Radial field of the tegmina with
series of regular transverse stridulatory veinlets (dorsal view).
40
Fig.10. Oxya fuscovittata Marschall, Hind knee with black tiped spine
(lateral view).
Fig.11. Cyrtacanthacris tatarica tatarica (Linnaeus), Mesosternal lobes
with acute inner angle (ventral view).
41
Fig.12. Calliptamus balucha balucha Uvarov, ♂ Cercus pincer like incurved (dorsal view).
Fig.13. Eyprepocnemis alacris (Serville), Median carina of pronotum slightly
raised or tectiform (lateral view).
42
Fig.14. Diabolocatantops innotabilis Prosternal process stout; obtuse
(ventral view).
Fig.15. Spathosternum prasiniferum (Walker), Prosternal process at apex
broad bilobate (ventral view).
43
Fig.16. Aulacobothrus luteipes (Walker),Row of pegs present on inner side
of hind femora(Lateral view).
Fig.17. Acrida exaltata (Walker), Empodium between claws large(frontal view).
44
Fig.18. Gastrimargus africanus sulphureus Bei-Bienko, Empodium between
claws short (dorsal view).
45
Subfamily Melanoplinae
This subfamily consist of single species under one genus.
Genus Dicranophyma Uvarov,
This genus is represented by a single species.
1921. Dicranophyma Uvarov. Jour. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 28:72.
Type species: Dicranophyma hingstoni Uvarov,
The collected specimens agree with published description (Bei-Bienko &
Mishchenko, 1951) of this genus.
Dicranophyma hingstoni Uvarov,
1921. Dicranophyma hingstoni Uvarov. Jour. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 28:73.
The collected specimen completely similar with the published description (Bei-
Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951, Mahmood et al., 2002) of this species except minor variations in body measurements.
Measurements 5♂ & 5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 16-18 17.2 1.1 20-23.2 22.04 1.45 H.L 3-4 3.8 0.45 3.2-4 3.84 0.36 P L 4-4.3 4.16 0.18 5-5 5 0 P W 4.2-5 4.54 0.42 5-6 5.8 0.45 T.L 3.3-4.3 4.06 0.43 4-5 4.44 0.52 Tg.W 2.2-2.3 2.24 0.05 3-3 3 0 H.F.L 10-11.1 11.02 0.71 12-13 12.6 0.55 Tb.L 9-10 9.8 0.45 11-12 11.25 0.5
46
Material examined: ♂29 ♀50 Shounter nala 8325 ft (M. Altaf) 11.9.2007 2♂
3♀ Tao butt 6878 ft (A.Tamkeen) 10.5.2007, 4♂ surgon (A.Tamkeen) 8-8-2008.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from herbaceous flora and mountanious areas mostly covered with snow.
Distribution: Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka.
Subfamily Hemiacridinae
Two genera and 6 species have been recorded under this sub family.
Key to the local Genera of Hemiacridinae
(Fig.19, 20)
1. Male supra anal plate broad at base, long narrow towards apex; pronotum with three deep sulci; male cercus compressed at base, gradually narrowing toward apex, simple, bilobate (Fig.19)………………...….………..…Hieroglyphus Krauss
- Male supra anal plate broader at base, short, apex acute angular; pronotum with three deep sulci , male cercus large upcurved expanded, trilobate(Fig. 20),with middle lobe large and expanded ……………………….…...Parahieroglyphus Carl
47
Fig.19. Hieroglyphus banian (Fabricius), Male cercus bilobate (dorsal view).
Fig. 20. Parahieroglyphus biliniatus (Bolivar), Male cercus large upcurved (lateral view).
48
Genus Hieroglyphus Krauss
This genus is represented by 5 species.
1877. Hieroglyphus Krauss.Sitz.öst. Akad.Wiss. Math-naturw. Kl. Abt. 1 76(1):41
1933. Miramia Uvarov. Trudy Zool. Inst., Akad. Nauk SSSR, Leningrad 1(3-
4):224.
1973. Hieroglyphus Mason, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 28(7):512.
Type species: Hieroglyphus daganensis Krauss
The collected specimens under exactly conform with published description (Kirby,
1914; Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951; Dirsh, 1965; Mason, 1973) of this genus.
Key to the local species of genus Hieroglyphus
(Fig. 21, 24)
1. Apex of male cercus simple………….…...……………………………………...2
- Apex of male cercus bilobate with upper branch fork recurved
(Fig.19)…………………….…………………………...... …….banian (Fabricius)
2. All sulci of pronotum are laterally joined by irregular black strips (Fig. 21); male cercus oblique……………………………..……………nigroreplatus Bolívar
- All sulci of pronotum not joined laterally by irregular balck strips; male cercus not oblique at apex…………………………….….……………………..….………3
3. Male subgenital plate with truncate apex (Fig. 22); female subgenital plate without ridges ………………………………………….…...... ……oryzivorus Carl
49
- Male subgenital plate not truncate; female subgenital plate with parallel ridges……………………...….……………………………………………….….4
4. Body robust; male cercus slightly longer then supra anal plate; female subgenital plate with spiney ridges (Fig.23)……………………………....…concolor (Walker)
- Body moderate; male cercus longer than supra annal plate; female subgenital plate without spiney ridges (Fig. 24)……………….…....….annulicornis (Shiraki,)
50
Fig.21. Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus Bolivar, All sulcus of pronotum are
laterally joined by irregular black strips (lateral view).
Fig.22. Hieroglyphus oryzivorus Carl, ♂ subgenital plate with truncate apex (lateral view).
51
Fig.23. Hieroglyphus concolor♀ (Walker), subgenital plate with parallel
spiny ridges (ventral view).
Fig.24. Hieroglyphus annulicornis (Shiraki) ♀ Subgenital plate flat (ventral view).
52
Hieroglyphus banian (Fabricius)
1798. Gryllus banian Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst. Suppl :194.
1838. Acridium furcifer Serville, Hist. nat. inse.Orth.677.
1909. Hieroglyphus banian Maxwell-Lefroy.Indian Insect Life: 87.
1922. Hieroglyphus banian elongata Uvarov, Bull.Ent. Res. 13(2):238.
1998. Hieroglyphus banian Jiang, Grasshoppers and Locusts from Guangxi 110.
The specimen of this species agrees with the published description (Kirby, 1914;
Mason, 1973; Bhowmik 1986; Usmani and Naeem 2012) of this species except minor variations in measurements.
Measurements 4♂& 2 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 40-42.4 40.85 1.14 45-45 45.00 0.00 H.L 6-6.4 6.25 0.17 6-6 6.00 0.00 P L 5.4-6.1 5.875 0.32 7.2-8 7.60 0.57 P W 5.1-6 5.6 0.47 10.1-10.4 10.25 0.21 T.L 27-31.4 29.6 1.85 16-16.1 16.05 0.07 Tg.W 7.3-8.1 7.675 0.43 6.1-7 6.55 0.64 H.F.L 20.1-20.3 20.15 0.1 21.3-22.3 21.80 0.71 Tb.L 16.4-18.1 17.38 0.82 20-21 20.50 0.71 W.Ex 59.2-68.6 64.85 3.99 39.4-40 39.70 0.42
53
Material examined: 1♀, Smahni 3198ft ,30 km in the North East of Mirpur
(A.Tamkeen) 26.9.2007; 1♀, Senhsa 2962ft 33° 29' 05.15"N, 73°54' 22.15"E
(A.Tamkeen) 27.9.2007; 1♂, Arja 2676ft 33° 58' 31.49"N,73° 39' 22.78"E 19 km from Bagh (A.Tamkeen) 22.7.2008; 1♂, Bagh 3781 ft 33° 58' 28.95"N, 73° 47'
29.49"E (A.Tamkeen10.9.2008); 4 ♂, Hajeera 3111ft 33° 46' 17.96"N 28 km from
Rawalakot (A. Tamkeen) 10.9.2010.
Habitat: The members of this species have been collected from Baru grass, maize crop and rice field.
Distribution: Pakistan, India, Kashmir.
Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus Bolívar
1912. Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus Bolívar, Trab. Mus. Cienc. nat., Madrid (Ser.
zool.) 6:56
1914. Hieroglyphus bettoni Kirby, Fau. Brit. Ind. Orth (Acrididae) 203
1914. Hieroglyphus nigro-repletus Coleman, Jour. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 23:172.
1916. Hieroglyphus vastator Carl. Rev. Sui. Zool. 24(6):481
1956. Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus Srivastava, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 49(2):167-170.
This species earlier reported by Mason (1973) from (Muzaffrabad) Azad Jammu &
Kashmir & (Karachi) Pakistan. During this survey the species mainly reported from Mirpur division of Azad Jammu & Kashmir and exactly confirmed with the
54
published description of (Mason, 1973; Suhail et al,. 1999; Sultana & Wagan,
2008) except measurements which are given below.
Measurements 5 ♂& 5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 29-36 32.2 2.59 43.1-45 43.94 1.2 H.L 5-5.5 5.12 0.22 6-7 6.26 0.43 P L 5-7 5.88 0.76 8-9 8.2 0.45 P W 8-10 8.62 0.88 10-11 10.46 0.5 T.L 12-17 15.12 1.92 14-16 15.64 0.92 Tg.W 5.3-6.3 5.78 0.45 7-8 7.48 0.49 H.F.L 17.4-20 18.48 1.03 22-23 22.24 0.43 Tb.L 15.1-19 16.82 1.45 21-20 20.66 0.61 W.Ex 30-39.6 36.12 3.8 36-40.4 39.48 1.99
Material examined: 10♀14 ♂, Arja 2676 ft 33°58'31.49” N 73° 39 22.78 E , 19 km from Bagh (A.Tamkeen) 21.9.2007; 2♀3♂, Dadyal 3198 ft 33° 19' 45.44"N,
73° 41' 56.87 E; 21♀35♂Kotli 3280ft 33.52°N 73.29°E (A.Tamkeen) 20.9.2007;
1♀2♂, Smahni 3198ft, 30 km in the North East of Mirpur (A.Tamkeen)
22.9.2007; 1♀4 ♂, Bathar (A.Tamkeen) 20.7.2007; 1♂, Muzaffrabad 3470 ft
(Adrees Ahmed Tahir) 22.7.2006.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from rice field, maize crop and grasses, maximum population was observed causing damage to rice and maize crop.
Distribution: Pakistan, Kashmir, Taiwan, Combodia.
55
Hieroglyphus oryzivorus Carl
1916. Hieroglyphus oryzivorus Carl. Rev. Sui. Zool. 24(6):480.
The collected specimens agree with published description (Bhowmik, 1986;
Mason, 1973; Sultana and wagan, 2012) of this species. There were slight variations in body measurements.
Measurements 2♀ 1♂ & (mm)
Female Male
Range Mean SD
B.L 47-52.3 49.65 3.75 29
H.L 7.2-8 7.60 0.57 4
P L 7-7.2 7.10 0.14 6.2
P W 9.3-10 9.65 0.49 5
T.L 38.3-41 39.65 1.91 ---
Tg.W 6.2-8 7.10 1.27 ---
H.F.L 25-25.3 25.15 0.21 15
Tb.L 23-23 23.00 0.00 13.1
W.Ex 83.8-88 85.90 2.97 ---
Material examined: 1♀, Bagh ft 3781ft 33° 58' 28.95"N, 73° 47' 29.49"E
(A.Tamkeen) 27.10.2007; 1♀, Muzaffrabad 3470 ft 34°22'16.06”N 73"28'16.29"
E (Adrees Ahmed Tahir) 23.8.2006.
Habitat: The Specimens of this species collected from maize crop, barren fields and grasses.
56
Distribution: Pakistan, Kashmir, India.
Hieroglyphus concolor (Walker)
1870. Oxya concolor Walker, Cata. Spe. Derm.Salt. Brit. Mus. 4:646
1893. Hieroglyphus citrinolimbatus Brunner von Wattenwyl, Ann. Mus. Civ.
Stor. Nat. Gen. 2 13(33):154
1878. Hieroglyphus tarsalis Stål. Bihang Kungl. Svenska Vet. Akad. Handl.
5(4):48, 93.
1910. Hieroglyphus concolor Kirby, Syn. Cata. of Orth. (Orthoptera Salt.,
Locustidae vel Acridiidae) 3(2):397.
The specimens of given species agree with published description (Kirby, 1914;
Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951; Mason, 1973) of this species with minor variations in measurements.
Measurements 5♂ & 5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 35-41 36.38 2.66 58-65 61.68 2.91 H.L 5-6 5.42 0.53 7.1-8 7.66 0.47 P L 5.3-7 6.06 0.93 9-11 9.80 0.84 P W 8.1-10 9.02 0.67 13-15 14.26 1.11 T.L 21.3-28.4 25 3.06 33-44 38.02 4.73 Tg.W 5.5-6 5.9 0.22 9-11 10.08 1.02 H.F.L 18-21.4 19.08 1.56 27-30 28.40 1.52 Tb.L 15.1-18.1 16.64 1.14 23.3-26 24.70 1.03 W.Ex 47.6-63.8 56.06 6.84 75-98 85.84 9.44
57
Material examined: 6♀14♂, Bagh 3781ft 33° 58' 28.95"N, 73° 47' 29.49E
(A.Tamkeen) 28.10.2007; 3♀3♂, Kotli 2334 ft 33°28'16.30"N 73°52'57.87 E
(A.Tamkeen); 27.8.2008 7♀,6♂ Smahni 3198ft 30 km in the North East of Mirpur
(A.Tamkeen) 29.8.2008; 7♂, Bhimber 1508 ft (A.Tamkeen ) 30.8.2008; 6♂,
Birpani 5820 ft 34°02' 59.66"N, 73° 45' 25.38"E (A.Tamkeen) 8.10.2006;11♂,
Muzaffrabad 34°22'16.06”N 73”28'16.29 E (Adrees Ahmed) ; 7♂, Hajeera 3111ft
33°46'17.96"N 73°53' 45.42"E (Anwar Hussain) 1♂, Abbaspur 4270 ft
33°48'52.64 N 73°58'32.48" E (Ghulam Farid) 18.9.2008; 9 ♂,Senhsa 2962 ft
33°29'05.15” N 73°54'22.15" E (A.Tamkeen) 23.9.2007; 8♂, Arja 2676ft
33°58'31.49" N 73° 39 22.78" E, 19 km from Bagh (A.Tamkeen) 23.9.2007; 3♂,
Garidoppata 2692 ft ,24 km from Muzaffrabad(Adrees Ahmed Tahir) 29.9.2006.
Habitate: These specimens have been collected from tall grasses, paddy, fields,
Millet and Maize crops. The species was found causing damage by chewing fresh leaves of rice and maize crops and remain in crops up to harvesting.
Distribution: Pakistan, Kashmir, India.
Hieroglyphus annulicornis (Shiraki,)
1910. Oxya annulicornis Shiraki, Acrididen Japans 57.
1910. Hieroglyphus annulicornis Matsumura, Z. wiss Insektenbiol. 6:102.
1912. Hieroglyphus formosanus Bolívar, Trab. Mus. Cienc. nat., Madrid (Ser.
zool.) 6:54
1916. Hieroglyphus tonkinensis Carl, Rev. Sui. Zool. p. 461-518.
1918. Hieroglyphus annulicornis Bolívar, Trab. Mus. Cienc.nat., Madrid (Ser.
Zool.) 34:29.
58
This species exactly resemble with published description (Mason, 1973) of this species.
Measurements 3♂& 4 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 33-35.3 34.23 1.1 48-51.2 49.88 1.59 H.L 5-6 5.37 0.55 7-7 7 0 P L 5.1-5.2 5.13 0.06 7-9 7.5 1 P W 8-9 8.4 0.53 9.2-10 9.8 0.4 T.L 20.1-27 23.03 3.56 35-41 38.75 2.63 Tg.W 6-7 6.33 0.58 7.1-7.2 7.18 0.05 H.F.L 17-18.3 17.83 0.72 25-26 25.75 0.5 Tb.L 16-16.1 16.03 0.06 22-23.3 22.33 0.65 W.Ex 48-59.1 52.23 6 77-89 84.75 5.68
Material examined: 3♂, 4♀, Bagh 3781ft 33° 58' 28.95"N, 73° 47' 29.49"E
(A.Tamkeen) 26.8.2006.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from maize field and bushes.
Distribution: Pakistan, Kashmir, India, Malaysia, Taiwan.
Genus Parahieroglyphus Carl
This genus is represented by a single species in the study site.
1916. Parahieroglyphus Carl, Revue Suisse de Zool. 24(6):482.
59
1923. Hierocericina Bolívar, Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23:76.
1912. Hieroceryx Bolívar, Trab. Mus. Cienc. nat., Madrid (Ser. Zool.) 6:59.
1995. Parahieroglyphus Otte, D. Orthoptera Species File 4:83.
Type species: Hieroceryx bilineatus Saussure
The collected specimens agree with published description (Mason, 1973) of this genus.
Parahieroglyphus bilineatus (Saussure)
1912. Hieroceryx bilineatus Saussure, Trab. Mus. Cienc. nat., Madrid (Ser. zool.)
6:60.
1914. Hierocericina bilineata Coleman, Jour. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 23:175.
1914. Hieroglyphus bilineatus Kirby, Faun.Brit. Ind. Orth. Acri.202.
1916. Parahieroglyphus bilineatus Carl, 483.
1923. Hierocericina bilineata Bolívar, Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23:77.
1973. Parahieroglyphus bilineatus Mason, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent.
28(7):548.
The collected specimens of this species exactly resemble to the published description (Bhowmik, 1986; Mason, 1973) except minor variations in measurements.
60
Measurements 3♂& 5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 24-28.4 25.88 1.92 39-45.2 42.5 2.51 H.L 4.1-5.2 4.76 0.48 5-6.3 5.74 0.53 P L 6-6.4 6.1 0.17 8-9.4 8.68 0.64 P W 3.3-4 3.86 0.31 5-6.1 5.82 0.46 T.L 9-10 9.06 1.1 10-12 11.02 0.84 Tg.W 3.3-4 6 0.38 4.4-5.2 4.92 0.3 H.F.L 13-13.3 13.06 0.13 18-20 6 1.25 Tb.L 11.2-13 12.08 0.64 16-18 17.16 1.06 W.Ex 24-26 24.14 2.17 26-31 28.06 2.27
Material examined: 4♀,3♂, Senhsa 2962 ft 33°29'05.15” N 73°54'22.15”E, 35 km from Kotli(A.Tamkeen) 5.10.2010; 7♀6♂ Tatta pani 2385 ft 33°35'21.50" N
73°56'17.89"E, 29 km from Hajeera (A.Tamkeen) 6.10.2010; 9♂, Kotli 2334 ft
33°28'16.30" N 73°52'57.41"E(A.Tamkeen) 23.9.2007.
Habitat: The specimens of this species collected from long green grasses near road side.
Distribution: Kashmir, Pakistan, India.
New Record: The species has been recorded for the first time from Azad Jmmu &
Kashmir.
61
Subfamily Oxyinae
It is represented by 5 species under a single genus.
Genus Oxya Serville
This genus is represented by 5 species from the study area.
1831. Oxya Serville. Ann. Sci. nat. 22(86):264, 286.
Type species: Oxya hyla Serville
The collected specimens are exactly similar with published decription (Kirby,
1914; Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951; Dirsh, 1965) of this genus.
Key to the local species of Genus Oxya Serville
(Fig. 25, 29)
1. Anterior margin of female tegmina with a row of dense black bristles; male supra annal plate with lateral tubercles……………………………………………..2
- Anterior margin of female tegmina without bristles; male suprannal plate without lateral tubercles ………………………………………………...…………………..4
2. Male cercus laterally compressed, bifurcated at apex (Fig. 25); female subgenital plate completely flat, widened posteriorly…………………fuscuvitata (Marschall,)
- Male cercus conical, not compressed, pointed at apex; female subgenital plate with lateral ridges and parallel sided………………………………….…………….3
3. Female subgenital plate with toothed lateral longitudinal ridges (Fig. 26); male cercus short and slightly truncated at apex …………………...… hyla hyla Serville,
62
- Female subgenital plate with slight traces of lateral longitudinal ridges, which are not toothed at all; male cercus strongly truncate at apex (Fig.27)
…………………………………………………….…...……….hyla intricata (Stål,)
4. Male cercus long, conical bidentate at apex (Fig. 28); pronotum dorsally flate and parallel sided in both sexes……………….…..………….bidentata (Willemse,)
- Male cercus conical with acute apex (Fig. 29); pronotum dorsally flate narrowing anteriorly…………….....……..……………...…..……velox (Fabricius,)
63
Fig.25. Oxya fuscuvitata ♂ (Maschall) cercus compressed at base bifurcated at
apex (lateal view).
Fig.26. Oxya hyla hyla ♀ Serville, subgenital plate with toothed lateral
longitudinal ridges (ventral view).
64
Fig.27. Oxya hyla intricata (Stål) ♀ subgenital plate flat (ventral view).
Fig.28. Oxya bidentata ♂ (Willemse), cercus long conical bidentated at apex
(lateral view).
65
Fig.29. Oxya velox (Fabricius) ♂ cercus conical with acute apex (lateral view).
66
Oxya fuscovittata (Marschall,)
1836. Gryllus fuscovittata Marschall. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 1(2):211.
1912. Oxya turanica Uvarov. Trudy Russk.Entomol.Obshch. 40 (3):28.
1925. Oxya oryzivora Willemse, Tijdschr. v. Entomologie 68:25.
1925. Oxya uvarovi Willemse, Tijdschr. v. Entomologie 68:26.
1963. Oxya fuscovittata Shumakov.Trudy Vses.Ent. Obs.49:88.
1971. Oxya fuscovittata Hollis. Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent.26 (7):289.
2010. Oxya fuscovittata Azim & Reshi. Jour. Bombay Nat.Hist.Soc.106 (2):216-
222.
The specimens of this species exactly similar with published description (Bei-
Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951; Hollis, 1973; Bhowmik 1986; Usmani and Naeem
2012) of this species except some minor variations in body measurements.
Measurement 5 ♀ & 5♂ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 19-24.2 21.52 2.1 23-34 28.6 4.04 H.L 3.4-4.1 3.92 0.29 4.1-5 4.7 0.51 P L 5-5.4 5.14 0.17 6.2-7 6.84 0.36 P W 3.3-4 3.86 0.31 4-5.4 4.92 0.54 T.L 13.1-18.3 15.68 2.13 20-26 22.46 2.85 Tg.W 3-3.4 3.12 0.18 3-3.4 3.14 0.19 H.F.L 11.2-14 12.48 1.06 16.3-19 17.44 1.16 Tb.L 10-12 11.02 0.98 13-16 14.76 1.13 W.Ex 29.4-40.6 35.2 4.51 44-57 49.64 6.09
67
Material examined: 2♀2♂, Bagh 3781ft 33° 58' 28.95"N, 73° 47' 29.49"E 48km from Rawalakot (A.Tamkeen) 19.9.2008; 3♀ Jatlan ,10 km from Mirpur 1100 ft
33°02'07.90" N 73°50'46.17"E (A.Tamkeen) 4.9.2007, 20♀ Chakothi 3719 ft
34°06'46.40" N 73°52'57.34"E ,59 km from Muzaffrabad (Adress Ahmed Tahir)
2.10.06; 3♀, Komi Kot 9590ft (Khalid)18.8.2008; 14♀18♂, Rawalakot 5500ft
(A.Tamkeen)19.10.2010; 4♀ 2♂, Smahni 3198ft, 30 km in the North East of
Mirpur (A.Tamkeen) 6.7.2008; 1♂, Leepa 8223ft 34°16'18.99"N 73°51'36.13"E,
45 km from Muzaffrabad (Khalid) 21.8.2007, 13♂ Abbaspur 4270ft 33°48'52.64"
N 73°58'32.48"E(A.Tamkeen); 11.9.2008.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from maize, rice fields, grasses, green pastures. The members of this species were found causing serious damage to rice and maize crop.This species also collected from green house, feeding on weeds near vegetables.
Earlier (Hollis, 1973) has been reported this species from Azad Jammu & Kashmir.
Distribution: Pakistan, India, China, Sri Lanka, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan,
Turkmenistan, Nepal, Bhutan.
Oxya hyla hyla Serville,
1831. Oxya hyla Serville. Ann. Sci. nat. 22(86):28-65, 134-167, 262-292.
1838. Acridium hyla Serville. Hist.nat.inse. Orth.676.
1870. Heteracris viridivittata Walker, Catal.Spec. Derm.Salt.Brit. Mus. 4:605-801.
1920. Oxya hyla Bruner, L. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 13:105.
68
1925. Oxya acuminate Willemse, Tijdschr. v. Entomologie 68:42.
1925. Oxya ebneri Willemse, Tijdschr. v. Entomologie 68:46.
1925. Oxya multidentata Willemse, Tijdschr. v. Entomologie 68:44.
1968. Oxya hyla Johnston, Ann.cata.Afri. grasshoppers Suppl: 172.
1990. Oxya hyla Nzekwu. Nigerian Field 55(3-4):153-157.
2004. Oxya hyla hyla Baccetti. Redia 86:28.
The collected specimens of this species agree with published description (Hollis,
1971; Wagan, 1990; Mahmood, 1995; Usmani and Naeem 2012) of this species.
Except some minor variations in body measurements.
Measurements 5♂& 5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 19.3-24 21.84 1.97 26.2-31.3 28.9 2.30 H.L 4-4.1 4.02 0.04 4.2-5 4.56 0.41 P L 5-6 5.3 0.42 6-7.3 6.3 0.57 P W 3-4.1 3.82 0.46 5-6 5.22 0.44 T.L 20-24.4 21.96 1.92 25-29 27.2 1.64 Tg.W 3-3.2 3.04 0.09 4-4.4 4.16 0.17 H.F.L 12-15 13.3 1.31 14.2-18 16.52 1.49 Tb.L 10.1-12.3 11.36 1.03 13-15 14.08 0.72 W.Ex 43.2-52.8 47.72 4.11 55-63.1 59.62 3.46
69
Materail examined: ♂13 ♀67 Smahni 3198ft, 30 km in the North East of Mirpur
(A.Tamkeen) 6.7.2008; 7♂8♀ Jatlan 1100 ft 33°02'07.90" N 73°50'46.17"E, 10 km from Mirpur (A.Tamkeen) 4.9.2007; 3♂4♀ Chakothi 3719 ft 34°06'46.40" N
73°52'57.34"E (Adrees Ahmed Tahir); 20.10.2006; 10♀ 5♂ Rawalakot 5500ft
33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E (Rehan) 19.10.2010; 17♀ Senhsa 2962 ft
33°29'05.15” N 73°54'22.15”E. 35km from Kotli (A.Tamkeen) 29.10.2007; 22♀
Bagh 3781ft 33° 58' 28.95"N, 73° 47' 29.49"E 48 km from Rawalakot
(A.Tamkeen) 19.9.2007; 2♀ Abbaspur 4270ft 33°48'52.64" N 73°58'32.48"E
(A.Tamkeen) ;11.9.2008, 1♀ Garidopatta 2692 ft 24 km from Muzaffrabad
(Khalid) 22.8.2007; 4♀ Pir gali (Mirpur) 1854ft (Masoood Tahir) 19.9.2007.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from rice fields of all rice growing areas also found causing damage to rice crop in all rice growing areas, also collected from green pastures and weeds.
Distribution: Pakistan, India, China, Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Taiwan, Sudan,
South Africa, Somalia, Algeria, Mali.
Oxya hyla intricata (Stål,)
1861. Acridium (Oxya) intricatum Stål.Kon. Sve.Eug. Re. C.A. Virgin åren 1851-
1853 (Zoologi) 2(1):335.
1925. Oxya insularis Willemse, Tijdschr. v. Entomologie 68:34.
1925. Oxya siamensis Willemse, Tijdschr. v. Ent.68:11, 21, 34, 57.
1925. Oxya universalis Willemse, Tijdschr. v. Entomologie 68:11, 21, 34, 57.
1941. Oxya moluccensis Ramme. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 25:214.
1971. Oxya hyla intricata Hollis. Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 26(7):287.
70
1995. Oxya intricate Liu, Jupeng & Hongchang Li. In Liu, Jupeng & et al., Stud.
. on acridoids of Hainan Isl. 52.
1998. Oxya hyla intricata Yao, S., Jingyou Wang, Jiang Zhou & C. Wu. Acta Ent.
Sin. 41(2):135-140.
2003. Oxya intricata Ren, Z.-M., E. Ma & Y. Guo. Acta.Entomol. Sin. 46(1):51-
57.
2011. Oxya hyla intricata Li, Tao, Min Zhang, Qu, Z.-M. Ren, Jianzhen Zhang, Y.
Guo, Heong, Villareal, Yang Zhong & E. Ma Genetica 139(4):511-524.
The collected specimens exactly conform to the published description (Bei-Bienko
& Mishchenko, 1951; Hollis 1973) of this species.
Measurements 5 ♀ (mm)
Range Mean SD
B.L 25.4-32 27.94 2.59 H.L 4-5 4.68 0.54 P L 5-7 6 0.71
P.W 4.2-6 4.72 0.81
Tg.L 22-30 24.64 3.22
Tg.W 3.4-4 3.88 0.27 H.F.L 14-18 15.48 1.6 Tb.L 12-15 13.26 1.24
W.Ex 48-66 54 7.11
Material examined: 6♀, Bagh 4920ft , (A.Tamkeen); 6.10.2007, 1♀, Abbaspur
4270ft 33°48'52.64" N 73°58'32.48"E (A.Tamkeen) ; 11.9.2008, 1♀ Kotli 2334 ft
33°28'16.30" N 73°52'57.41"E (A.Tamkeen); 27.8.2007, 1♀ Jattlan ,10 km from
Mirpur 1508 ft 33°02'07.90" N 73°50'46.17"E (A.Tamkeen) 6.7.2007, 1♀ Chakothi
71
3719 ft 34°06'46.40" N 73°52'57.34"E, 59 km from Muzaffrabad (Adrees Ahmed
Tahir); 20.10.2006, 4 ♀Rawalakot 5500ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E
(A.Tamkeen) 10.10.2010; 3♀ Senhsa 2962 ft 33°29'05.15” N 73°54'22.15”E , 35 km from Kotli (A.Tamkeen); 6.7.2008.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from rice fields, grasses and mixed vegetables.
Distribution: Pakistan, Kashmir, India, China, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Bangladesh.
Oxya bidentata (Willemse)
1925. Oxya bidentata Willemse,Tij. v. Ent. 68:24.
1925. Oxya nitidula Willemse, Tijdschr. v. Ent. 68:12, 29.
1975. Oxyina bidentata Hollis. Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 31(6):228.
Type species: Oxya sinobidentata Hollis,
The collected specimens exactly conform with the published description (Kirby,
1914; Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951; Hollis 1971) of this species. This species is now treated under the genus Oxyina (Hollis, 1975) but in the present study it was placed under genus Oyxa.
Measurements 2♂ & 2♀mm
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
19.3-21 20.25 1.34 24.3-26.1 25.20 1.27 B.L H.L 3.3-4.1 3.70 0.57 4.3-3.2 3.75 0.78
72
P L 4-5 4.50 0.71 6-6 6.00 0.00 P W 3.3-4.1 3.70 0.57 4-4.2 4.10 0.14 T.L 18-20.2 19.10 1.56 20.3-21 20.65 0.49 Tg.W 3-3.2 3.10 0.14 3.1-3.2 3.15 0.07 H.F.L 11-13.2 12.20 1.41 14-14 14.00 0.00 Tb.L 10-11.3 10.65 0.92 12.1-12 12.05 0.07 39.3- W.Ex 44.5 41.90 3.68 44.8-46 45.40 0.85
Material examined: 2♀ 2♂ Jatlan ,10 km from Mirpur 1508 ft 33°02'07.90" N
73°50'46.17"E (A.Tamkeen) 4.9.2007.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from maiz, rice and vegetable fields.
Distribution: Kashmir, Pakistan, India.
Oxya velox (Fabricius,)
1787. Gryllus velox Fabricius.Mant.inse.exh. spec.Etr.Ptr. Ros.1:239.
1861. Oxya velox Brunner von Wattenwyl. Verh.der Zool.-Bota. Ges. Wien 11:223.
1870. Heteracris apta Walker, Catal. Spec.Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. 4:666.
1971. Oxya velox Hollis. Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 26(7):297.
The collected species exactly conform to the published description (Kirby, 1914;
Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951; Hollis 1971; Usmani and Naeem 2012) of this species.
73
Measurements 5♂& 5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 25-27.1 26.48 0.89 27-30 29 1.41 H.L 4-4.2 4.04 0.09 4.3-5 4.6 0.37 P L 5.2-6.2 5.76 0.43 5-5.3 5.06 0.13 P W 4-4.3 4.2 0.19 4-4.2 4.06 0.09 T.L 21-25.1 22.62 1.56 25-28 26.48 1.5 Tg.W 4-4 4 0 6.1-7.1 6.84 0.42 H.F.L 14-16 14.92 0.8 17-19 17.66 0.85 Tb.L 12.2-14 13.12 0.86 15-17 15.68 0.84 47.4-
W.Ex 55.4 51 2.99 55-61.3 58.02 3.08
Material examined: 7♀ Jattlan ,10 km from Mirpur 1508 ft 33°02'07.90" N
73°50'46.17"E (A.Tamkeen) 4.9.2007; 2♀Abbaspur 4270ft 33°48'52.64" N
73°58'32.48"E (A.Tamkeen) 11.9.2008; 2♀,Senhsa 2962 ft 33°29'05.15” N
73°54'22.15”E, 35 km from Kotli (Adrees Ahmed Tahir) 2.10.2006; 6 ♀Rawalakot
5500ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E (A.Tamkeen) 10.10.2010.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from areas having rice fields, grasses and pastures.
Distribution: Pakistan, India, China, Sri Lanka, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan,
Turkmenistan.
74
Subfamily Tropidopolinae
It is represented by 1 species under one genus.
Genus Tristria Stål
It is represented by a single species under this genus.
1873. Tristria Stål. Rec. Rev. Orth. 1:40,80.
Type species: Tristria lacerta Stål
The single collected species totaly similar with published description (Dirsh, 1965;
Hollis, 1970; Johensen, 1982) of this genus.
Tristria marginicosta Karsch,
1896. Tristria marginicosta Karsch, Stett.Entomol. Z. 57:285, 288.
The collected specimens exactly similar to the published description of (Hollis,
1970) of this species.
Measurements 2♂ & 5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 29-30 29.5 0.71 41.3-43 42 1.01 H.L 5-5 5 0 6-7 6.46 0.51 P L 5.3-6 5.65 0.49 7-7.3 7.16 0.13 P W 4-4 4 0.00 5-5.2 5.04 0.09 T.L 18.3-20 19.3 1.41 26-27 26.44 0.52 Tg.W 3.3-4 3.65 0.49 4.2-5 4.84 0.36
75
H.F.L 15-16 15.5 0.71 21-23.1 21.74 0.85 Tb.L 13-13.2 13.1 0.14 18-18.3 18.2 0.12 40.6- W.Ex 44.6 42.6 2.83 57-59 57.92 1.00
Material examined: ♀5, Rawalakot 5500 ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E (M.
Asif) 25.6. 2009; 6♀, Kotli 2334 ft 33°28'16.30" N 73°52'57.41"E (A.Tamkeen)
14.8.2008;1♀, Smahni 3198ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E ,30 km in the North
East of Mirpur (MasoodTahir) 6.7.2008; ♂ 2, Hattian (Adrees Ahmed Tahir)
25.8.2006.
Habitat: These species has been collected from pastures.
Distribution: Kashmir, Sudan, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Mali, Nigeria.
Subfamily Cyrtacanthacridinae
This sufamily is represented by 7 species under 5 genera.
Key to the local genera of subfamily Cyrtacanthacridinae
(Fig.30, 34)
1. Median carina of pronotum raised arcuate, deeply cut by three transverse sulci…………………………………………………………………………………2
- Median carina of pronotum low, almost flat, very slightly cut by three transverse sulci………..………………………………………………..…...………3
76
2. Prothoracic process strongly directed backword touching mesothrax (Fig. 30); male cercus compressed broad at base, pointed curved at apex; pronotum strongly rugose……………………………..……..……………………Chondracris Uvarov,
- Prothoracic process slightly directed backword not touching mesothorax or straight; male cercus narrow or slightly broad at base narrowing toward apex; pronotum finely pitted or slightly rugose…………………………………………...3
3. Male subgenital plate simple, narrow, long pointed; pronotum finelly pitted
in both sexes (Fig. 31)……..……………………………...……Valanga Uvarov
- Male subgenital plate trilobate upcurved (Fig.32); pronotum slightly rugose in both sexes)……………………………………….………...... …Anacridium Uvarov
4. Body large; prothoracic process bent backward
(Fig.33)…………………………………………………….Cyrtacanthacris Walker
- Body medium to large; prothoracic process straight, vertical
(Fig.34)……………………………………………………………..Patanga Uvarov
77
Fig.30. Chondracris rosea (De Geer), Prothoracic process strongly bent
backword (ventral view).
Fig.31. Valanga nigricornis nigricornis (Burmeister), Pronotum pitted (dorsal
view).
78
Fig.32. Anacridium aegyptium (Linnaeus), Male subgenital plate trilobat
upcurved (dorsal view).
Fig.33. Cyrtacanthacris tatarica tatarica (Linnaeus), Prothoracic process bent
backword (ventral view).
79
Fig.34. Patanga japonica (Bolivar), Prothoracic process vertical (ventral
view).
80
Genus Chondracris Uvarov,
This genus is represented by a single species.
1923. Chondracris Uvarov, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9 11:144.
Type species: Acrydium roseuvm De Geer
The single collected species exactly similar with the published description (Kirby,
1914; Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951) of this genus.
Chondracris rosea (De Geer,)
1773. Acrydium roseum De Geer.Mém. ser. hist. ins. 3:488.
1787. Gryllus flavicornis Fabricius. Mantissa insectorum exhibens species nuper
in Etruria collectas a Ptro Rossio 1:237.
1870. Cyrtacanthacris lutescens Walker, Cata.Spe. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. 3:564,
566.
1902. Acridium roseum Bolívar, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 70:618.
1905. Acridium Jacobson. In Jacobson & V. L. Bianchi. Orth.Pseudoneuropteroid
Ins. Russi. Emp. and adjac. count. 203,307.
1910. Cyrtacanthacris rosea Kirby, Syn. Cata. Orth. 3(2):447.
1923. Chondracris rosea Uvarov. Bull. Ent. Res. 14:39.
1924. Chondracris rosea brunneri Uvarov. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9 14:108.
1941. Chondracris rosea rosea Rehn, Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 67(4):266.
1995. Chondracris rosea rosea Liu, Jupeng & Hongchang Li. In Liu, Jupeng
et al., Stud. acridoids of Hainan Isl. 62.
81
2007. Chondacris rosea Storozhenko & Paik. Orth. of Korea 158.
The given species exactly tally with published description (Kirby, 1914; Bei-
Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951; Bhowmik 1986; Usmani and Naeem, 2012).Except minor difference in measurements.
Measurements 2 ♂& 1 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD
B.L 52-52.2 52.1 0.14 71.1
H.L 5.2-5.2 5.2 0.00 7
P L 13.3-14 13.65 0.49 17
P W 8-8.3 8.15 0.21 10.4
T.L 44.1-46 45.05 1.34 57
Tg.W 9.4-9.4 9.7 0.42 13
H.F.L 25.3-27.3 26.3 1.41 34
Tb.L 23.3-25 24.15 1.20 32
W.Ex 96.2-103 99.6 4.81 114
Material examined: ♀1 ♂2 Kahuta 4870 ft 33°53'50.76" N 74°06'30.76"E (Muzzafar) 9.9.2010.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from bushes, grasses under pine forest.
Distribution: Kashmir, Pakistan, India, China, Thailand, Malaysia, Bangladesh,
Bhutan, Nepal.
82
Genus Valanga Uvarov,
This genus is represented by single species.
1923. Valanga Uvarov. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9 11:143
1932. Yalanga Sjöstedt Ark. Zool. 23A N:o 4:1
1979. Cyrtacanthacris Dirsh, Eos 53:38 Note: Syn.
1995. Valanga Otte, Orthoptera Species File 5:31.
Type species: Acridium nigricornis Burmeister
The collected specimen exactly conforms to the published description (Bei-Bienko
& Mishchenko, 1951) of this genus.
Valanga nigricornis nigricornis (Burmeister,)
1838. Acridium nigricornis Burmeister, Hand. Ent. 2 :629
1901. Acridium consanguineum Bolívar, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 70:619
1910. Cyrtacanthacris nigricornis Kirby, Syn. Cata. Orth. 3(2):446
1923. Valanga nigricornis nigricornis Uvarov, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. p. 351-352.
The collected specimens of this species similar with the published description (Bei-
Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951) except variations in body length.
Measurements 3♂ & 5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 30-38 34.32 2.94 33.3-44 38.52 4.45
83
H.L 4-5 4.26 0.42 5-6 5.38 0.38
P L 9-11.4 9.70 1.04 10-11.3 11.00 0.56
P W 5-6 5.38 0.38 5-6.3 5.76 0.61
T.L 10-11.4 11.08 1.02 11.3-14.1 12.56 1.08
Tg.W 5-6 5.28 0.42 6-6.3 6.16 0.11
H.F.L 18.2-20.3 19.94 1.87 21-24.1 22.68 1.14
Tb.L 17-22 18.82 1.91 18.2-22 20.86 1.56 W.Ex 25-30 27.54 2.32 26.8-34.3 30.68 2.69
Material examined: ♀9 ♂10 Rawalakot 5500ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E
(Samya) 27.9.2010, ♀7 ♂10 Bagh 3781ft 33° 58' 28.95"N, 73° 47' 29.49"E
(A.Tamkeen) 23.9.2007; ♀2 Gari doppata 2692 ft , 24 km from Muzaffrabad
(Muhammad Khalid) 22.8.2007; ♂2 Surgon 25 km from sharda(Altaf) 8.8.2007.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from green pastures, near vegetable fields and from weeds, not found in crops.
New record: The species have been recorde for the first time from Azad Jammu &
Kashmir.
Distribution: Kashmir, Pakistan, India, Malaysia, Cambodia, Thailand, Sigapore.
Genus Anacridium Uvarov,
This genus is represented by 2 species in the study area.
1923. Anacridium Uvarov, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9 11:141
84
Type species: Gryllus aegyptium Linnaeus
Single collected species exactly similar to the published description (Bei-Bienko
Mishchenko, 1951) of this genus.
Key to the local species of Anacridium
1. Hind tibia with 8-9 white spines with black tip on outer margin
…………………………………………………..…………...aegyptium (Linnaeus,)
- Hind tibia with 9-10 red spines with black tip on outer margin……………….……………………………………rubrispinum Bei-Bienko,
Aanacridium aegyptium (Linnaeus,)
1764. Gryllus (Locusta) aegyptium Linnaeus, Mus. S.R.M. Lud.Ulr.Reg.138.
1781. Gryllus lineola Fabricius. Species Insectorum 1:365.
1815. Gryllus nubecula Thunberg. Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Peterburg 5:238.
1836. Podisma campanum Costa, Fau.del reg. Nap.Orto. 47.
1870. Acridium indecisum Walker, Cata. Spec. Der. Salt.Brit. Mus. 3:585.
1870. Acridium albidiferum Walker, Cata. Spe.Derm. Salt. Brit. Museum 4:605-
801. 1878. Acridium aegyptium Dubrony, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova 12:11. 1907. Locusta aegyptia Karny, Berlin Ent. Z. 52:33.
1910. Orthacanthacris aegyptia Kirby, Syn. Cata. Orth. 3(2):444.
1914. Acridium aegypteum Tumpel, Z. wiss. Ins. 10:275-282.
1923. Anacridium aegyptium Uvarov, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9 11:487.
1927. Acridium Uvarov. Expt. Plant Protect. Sta. Uzbekistan 1927:188.
85
1938. Anacridium aegyptium Uvarov. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. (Zool. Ser.)
20(33):451.
The collected specimen exactly similar with the published description (Bei-Bienko
& Mishchenko, 1951).Comparison of measurements showed that in case of male a remarkable difference of 7.2mm in body length and 7.1mm in tegmen length was found.
Measurements 3 ♂& 2 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 44.4-49 46.47 2.34 63.2-65 64.1 1.27
H.L 4.3-5.4 4.9 0.56 6-6.2 6.1 0.14
P L 10-11 10.53 0.68 14-15 14.5 0.71
P W 7.2-8 7.73 0.46 10-11 10.5 0.71
T.L 46-50 47 2.65 64-71 67.5 4.95
Tg.W 8.2-9 8.47 0.46 12-12 12 0
H.F.L 21-24 22.33 1.53 31.3-35 33.15 2.62
Tb.L 19.3-22 20.47 1.39 31.2-28.3 29.75 2.05
W.Ex 97.2-108 101.73 5.6 138-153 145.5 10.61
Material examined: 1♀2♂ Bagh 3781ft 33° 58' 28.95"N, 73° 47' 29.49"E
(A.Tamkeen) 22.8.2007; 1♀,1♂ Bhimber 1508 ft 32°58'35.07" N 74°04 '47.83"E ,
50 km from Mirpur (Anjum Shakeel) 5.10.2006.
86
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from grasses, bushes and pastures.
New Record: This species has been recorded for the first time from Azad
Jammu & Kashmir.
Distribution: Kashmir, United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway, Finland, Sweden,
Malta, Algeria, Mali.
Anacridium rubrispinum Bei-Bienko,
1948. Anacridium aegyptium rubrispinum Bei-Bienko. C. R. Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R.
(N.S.) 60:499
1953. Anacridium rubrispinum Dirsh & Uvarov.Eos 29:50.
The collected species exactly similar with published description (Bei-Bienko &
Mishchenko, 1951) with minor differences in body measurements.
Measurements 3♂ (mm) Female Range Mean SD
B.L 44-46.3 45.47 1.27 H.L 5-5.4 5.13 0.23 P L 10-11 10.33 0.58 P W 6.2-8.2 7.13 1.01 Tg.L 43-50 46.33 3.51 Tg.W 6-9.2 7.43 1.63 Tb.L 20-22 20.67 1.15 W.Ex 98-108.2 99.80 7.73
Material examined : 1♂, 2♂ Bagh 4920ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E
(A.Tamkeen) 5.9.2007.
87
Habitat: The species has been collected from grasses and barren fields.
New Record: This species has been recorded for the first time from Azad Jammu
& Kashmir.
Distribution: Iran, Kashmir.
Genus Cyrtacanthacris Walker,
Single species has been recorded under this genus.
1870. Cyrtacanthacris Walker, Cata. Spec. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. 3:550.
Type species: Gryllus tataricus Linnaeus
The collected species exactly conform with published description (Kirby, 1914) of this genus.
Cyrtacanthacris tatarica tatarica (Linnaeus)
1758. Gryllus (Locusta) tataricus Linnaeus. Syst. Nat. 1:432.
1767. Gryllus (Locusta) tataricus Linnaeus. Syst. Nat.1, pt. 2:700.
1804. Acrydium tartaricum Latreille.Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins. 12:150.
1837. Locusta tatarica Westwood. Illus. Exot. Ent.Nat.Prop. 1-3:121.
1838. Acridium ruficorne Serville.His.nat. ins. Orth.643.
1838. Acridium aeruginosum Burmeister, Hand.Ent. 2 2(I-VIII):630.
1838. Acridium tataricum Burmeister, Handbuch der Entomologie 2 2(I-VIII):632.
1870. Acridium compta Walker, Cata. Spec.Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. 4:605-801.
1870. Cyrtacanthacris concisa Walker, Cata. Spec. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. 3:485-
88
594.
1870. Cyrtacanthacris internexa Walker, Cata. Spec.Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus.4:613.
1870. Cyrtacanthacris subliturata Walker, Cata. Spec.Derm.Salt. Brit. Mus. 3:365,
560, 565
1914. Schistocerca tatarica Kirby, Faun.Brit.Ind. Orth. Acri. 232.
1920. Schistocerca tartarica Bruner, Annals Carn. Mus. 13:107.
1941. Cyrtacanthacris tatarica Rehn, Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 67(4):266.
1957. Cyrtacanthacris tatarica Uvarov, Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 43:376.
The collected specimens exactly similar with published description (Kirby, 1914; Usmani and Naeem, 2012) of this species.
Measurements 4♂ & 2 ♀ (mm) Male Female Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 42-45 43.5 1.29 59-60.3 59.65 0.92 H.L 4-5.2 4.65 0.64 6-6.4 6.2 0.28 P L 10.2-11.1 10.625 0.49 14-14.4 14.2 0.28 P W 7.2-8 7.8 0.40 10-10.1 10.05 0.07 T.L 39-46 42.075 2.95 58-60 59 1.41 Tg.W 7-8.4 7.85 0.60 10.1-10.4 10.25 0.21 H.F.L 20.1-28 24.325 3.28 33.3-35 34.15 1.20 Tb.L 22-26 24 1.83 30.2-34 32.1 2.69 W.Ex 85.2-100 91.95 6.18 126-140 133.05 9.83
Material examined: 1♀ 2♂, Hajeera 3111ft 33°46'17.96"N 73°53'45.42"E 28 km from Rawalakot (A.Tamkeen) 11.10.2008;1♀ 1♂ Dadyal 3198ft 33°19'45.44" N
89
73°41'56.87"E (Zaid Mahmood) 26.7.2007; 1♂, Bhimber 1508 ft 32°58'35.07" N
74°04 '47.83"E(Anjum Shakeel) 28.8.2006.
Habitat: The species have been collected from grasses, herbaceous flora and pastures.
Distribution: Kashmir, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Somalia, Ethiopia, Bruni, Mali,
Mouritania, Senegal.
Genus Patanga Uvarov
(Fig.35, 36)
This genus is representd by 2 species.
1923. Patanga Uvarov, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9 11:143
1966. Nomadacris Dirsh, Bull. Zool. Nom. p. 235-238
1967. Patanga Key. Bull. Zool. Nomencl. 24:130-131.
1979. Cyrtacanthacris Dirsh, Eos p. 53:38.
1995. Patanga Otte, D. Cyrtacanthacridinae. Orthoptera Species File 5:18.
Type species: Gryllus succinctus Johannson
The collected species exactly tally with published description (Bei-Bienko &
Mishchenko, 1951) of this genus.
Key to the local species of Patanga
1. Body large; tegmina with light black spots at proximal end; wings transparent at base (Fig.35).…..…………………...... ………………...... succincta (Johannson,)
90
- Body medium; tegmina with prominent balck spots throughout; wings rosy red at base (Fig.36)…….…….……………………………………...….japonica (Bolívar,)
91
Fig. 35. Patanga Succincta (Johannson,) Wings transparent at base (dorsal
view).
Fig.36. Patanga japonica (Bolivar), Wings rosey red at base (dorsal view).
92
Patanga succincta (Johannson,)
1846. Acridium assectator Fischer von Waldheim. Nouv.mem. Soc. Imp.
natur.p.8:235.
1870. Acridium elongatum Walker, Cata. Spe.Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. 4:636.
1870. Acridium Walker, Cata. Sp. Derm. Salt.Brit. Mus.3:564, 566, 586, 588.
1870. Cyrtacanthacris fusilinea Walker, Cata. Spe. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus 3:564.
1870. Cyrtacanthacris inficita Walker, Cata. Spe. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus 3:565.
1890. Acridium succinctum Krauss, Zool. Abt. Syst. Geogr. und Biol. 5:659.
1907. Acridium succincta Finot, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr.76:311, 322, 349.
1909. Locusta succincta Rehn, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 26:191.
1915. Cyrtacanthacris succincta Karny, Supl. Ent.4:87.
1909. Locusta succincta Rehn, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 26:191.
1923. Patanga succincta Uvarov, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9 12:365.
1930. Patanga succincta Willemse, Tijdschr. v. Ent.73:150.
The species exactly similar with published description (Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko,
1951; Bhowmik 1986; Mahmood, 1995) body measurements showed difference of
3.4mm in body length and marked difference of 7.3mm in tegmen length.
93
Measurements 3♂ &5♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 41-44 42.2 1.10 52-58 55.14 2.13 H.L 4.1-5 4.5 0.46 5.3-6 5.86 0.31 P L 8-10 9.34 0.82 11.4-13 12.14 0.58 P W 7-8 7.26 0.43 8.2-10 9.28 0.76 T.L 42-42.3 42.1 0.14 54-56.3 55.32 0.93 Tg.W 7-8.3 7.74 0.53 9-10 9.6 0.55 H.F.L 19-24.1 22.82 2.18 31-32 31.6 0.55 Tb.L 21-22 21.8 0.45 27-30 28.86 1.26 W.Ex 91-93 91.66 0.78 117-122.6 119.92 2.40
Material examined: ♀ 4 ♂ 17 Bagh 3781ft 33° 58' 28.95"N, 73° 47' 29.49"E
(A.Tamkeen) 17.10.2010; ♀5 Abbaspur 4270ft 33°48'52.64" N 73°58'32.48"E
(A.Tamkeen) 18.9.2008; ♂9♀19 Rawalakot 5500ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E
(A.Tamkeen)10.9.2009; ♂1 ♀1 Kotli 2334 ft 33°28'16.30" N 73°52'57.41"E
(Adrees Ahmed Tahir) 18.9.2006; ♂ 2 Arja 2676ft 33°58'31.49” N 73° 39 22.78 E
19 km from Bagh (A.Tamkeen) 28.7.2007.
Habitat: This species has been collected from grasses, maize and vegetable fields.
Distribution: Kashmir, Pakistan, India, China, Malaysia, Singapore, Bhutan, North
Korea.
94
Patanga japonica (Bolívar,)
1898. Acridium japonicum Bolívar, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova 39:98.
1923. Patanga japonica Uvarov. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9 12:364.
1933. Patanga japonica immaculate Sjöstedt, Ark. Zool. p. 25:32
1929. Patanga japonica Bei-Bienko, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 10 4:550
1940. Patanga Tinkham. Lingnan Sci. J. 19(3):342, 343.
1941. Patanga japonica Rehn, Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 67(4):264.
1986. Nomadacris japonica Key, Bull. Zool. Nomencl. p. 102-103.
1998. Patanga japonica Jiang, G. & Z. Zheng.Grasshoppers and Locusts from
Guangxi 139.
1999. Nomadacris japonica Ichikawa, Tettigonia 1(2):111.
1999. Patanga japonica Sun, Y.Z. & Y.Y. Yuan. Grasshoppers of Shandong 68.
The collected species is exactly similar with published description (Bei-Bienko &
Mishchenko; 1951; Bhowmik 1986). Comparison of measurements showed that there was big difference of 12.2mm in body length and 7.4mm in tegmen length.
Measurements 3 ♂ & 5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 37.3-41 39.77 2.14 49-62 55.8 5.26
95
H.L 4.3-5 4.77 0.40 5-6.3 5.4 0.52 P L 9-9 9.00 0.00 11-13 12.6 0.89 P W 7-7 7.00 0.00 9-10.2 9.84 0.48 T.L 38-49.2 41.87 6.35 51-56 54 2.74 Tg.W 7.1-8.3 7.80 0.62 8.2-10 9.44 0.82 H.F.L 22.3-23 22.57 0.38 27.3-34 30.9 2.48 Tb.L 20-21.2 20.53 0.61 25-29.3 28.06 1.78 W.Ex 83-96.4 87.73 7.52 111-122 117.88 5.66
Material examined: 5♀, 3♂ Rawalakot 5500ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E (M.
Talal) 27.8.2009.
Habitat: This species have been collected from grasses, maize field and apple orchard, was found causing damage to maize crop, also collected from vegetable fields.
New Record: This species has been recorded for the first time from Azad Jammu
& Kashmir.
Distribution: Kashmir, Pakistan, India, China, Bhutan, North Korea.
Subfamily Calliptaminae
(Figs 37, 38)
It is represented by 2 species under 2 genera.
Key to the local genera of sub family Calliptaminae
1. Male cercus long plate like, apex with two adentate lobes.
(Fig.37)……………………….………………………….….…Acorypha Krauss
96
- Male cecus long lamelate, apex with two lobes; lower lobe with 2 teeth at
apex (Fig.38)……………………………………………Calliptamus Serville
97
Fig.37. Acorypha glaucopsis (Walker), Male cercus long plate like, apex with
. two lobes which are adentate (lateral view).
Fig.38. Calliptamus balucha balucha Uvarov, Male cecus long lamelate, apex
with two lobes, lower lobe with 2 teeth at apex (dorsal view).
98
Genus Acorypha Krauss
This genus is representd by a single species from the study area.
1877. Acorypha Krauss, Sitz. öst. Akad.Wiss. Math-naturw. Kl. Abt. 1 76(1):38.
Type species: Acorypha picta Krauss
The single collected species agree with the published description (Kirby, 1914;
Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951) of this genus.
Acorypha glaucopsis (Walker)
1870. Caloptenus liturifer Walker, Cata. Spec. Derm.Salt. Brit. Mus. 4:703.
1870. Caloptenus glaucopsis Walker, Cata.Spec.Derm.Salt. Brit. Mus. 4:702.
1896. Caloptenopsis crassiusculus Martínez y, Actas Soc. Espan. Hist. nat. 25:11.
1898. Caloptenus orientalis Schulthess Schindler Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat.
Genova 39:194
1902. Calliptamus pachypus Krauss. Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien 39:57.
1914. Caloptenopsis Kirby, W.F. Faun. Brit. Ind. Ceylon and Burma.Orth.
(Acrididae) 259.
1931. Acorypha voltaensis Sjöstedt. Ark. Zool. 22 A (15):64.
1941. Acorypha bifida Chopard. Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 110:50.
1950. Acorypha glaucopsis Chopard & Villiers Mem. Inst. franc. Afr. Noire 10:11.
1950. Acorypha glaucopsis collina Uvarov. Eos Tomo extraord: 385-413.
1950. Acorypha glaucopsis sudanensis Uvarov. Eos Tomo extraord: 385-413.
99
1956. Caloptenopsis glaucopsis Johnston, Ann. cata. Afri. Grasshoppers 447.
1961. Caloptenopsis Dirsh. Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 10(9):351.
1963. Caloptenopsis glaucopsis Shumakov. Trudy Vses. Entomol.Obshch.49:103.
1965. Acorypha Mishchenko. Fauna of Russia Orthopt: 564[512].
1999. Acorypha glaucopsis Ingrisch. Esperiana 7:353.
2008. Caloptenopsis glaucopsis Gupta, Bionotes 10(3):89.
2009. Acorypha glaucopsis Hemp, Jour. Orth. Res. 18(2):197.
The collected specimens totally agree with published description (Kirby, 1914;
Bei- Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951; Wagan, 1990; Mahmood, 1995; Usmani and
Naeem, 2012) of this species.
Taxonomic note:
Inner spur of hind tibia almost of equal length; inner spur with sparse hairs; male cercus with 2 teeth on ventral lobe.
Measurements 3 ♂ & 5 ♀ (mm) Male Female Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 20-21 20.32 0.41 31.1-36 33.1 1.99
H.L 3-4 3.66 0.48 4-4.3 4.12 0.13
P L 5-6.2 5.36 0.48 7-9 7.72 0.81
P W 4-5 4.34 0.4 5.3-7.4 6.2 0.76
100
T.L 14-16.4 15.82 1.03 21-25 23.86 1.66
Tg.W 4-4.4 4.08 0.18 5-6.4 5.74 0.57
H.F.L 12-13.1 12.66 0.52 18-21 19 1.22
Tb.L 9-10.2 9.6 0.57 14.1-17 14.76 1.26
W.Ex 16-36.8 31.64 8.98 48-56 53.38 3.16
Material examined: ♀ 3 ♂ 5 Rawalakot 5500ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E
(A.Tamkeen) 10.9.2007, ♀14♂7 Bagh 3781ft 33° 58' 28.95"N, 73° 47' 29.49"E
,48 km from Rawalakot (M. Tahir) 10-8-2008; 3♀ Abbaspur 4270ft 33°48'52.64"
N 73°58'32.48"E (A.Tamkeen) 10.9.2008 ; 8♀ 3♂Plandri 4325 ft 33°42'45.55" N
73°41'19.94"E ,64 km in South of Rawalakot (A. Tamkeen) 10.10.2010; 2♀1♂ ,
Muzaffrabad 3470 ft 34°22'16.64" N 73°28'16.29"E (Adreess Ahmed Tahir)
10.9.2006; 1♂ Dadyal 3198 ft 33°19'45.44" N 73°41'56.87"E(A.Tamkeen)
10.10.2010.
Habitat: These speciemns were collected from grasses, range land and fruit orchards, not found causing damage to crops.
Distribution: Kashmir, Pakistan, India, UAE, Oman, Algeria, Mouritania, Mali,
Egypt.
Genus Calliptamus Serville
This genus is represented by a single species.
1831. Calliptamus Serville. Ann. Sci. nat. Paris 22(86):284.
101
Type species: Gryllus italicus Linnaeus
The collected species exactly similar with published description (Bei-Bienko &
Mishchenko, 1951; Dirsh, 1965) of this genus.
Calliptamus balucha balucha Uvarov,
1938. Calliptamus balucha Uvarov, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 11 1:376.
The collected specimen totally agree with the published description (Bei-Bienko &
Mishchenko, 1951; Mahmood, 1995) of this species.
Deviating Characters:
The deviating characters are given as; Carina of frontal furrow extends to fastigium of vertex and further extends back to the end of vertex dorsally. Hind femur short, thick at base, narrows toward apex. Outer dorsal and ventral carina of hind femur with row of prominent black spots. Male supra anal plate triangular pointed at apex.
Measurements 2 ♂ (mm) Male Range Mean SD
B.L 19-22.1 36.2 22 H.L 3-4 4.4 4 P L 5-5.4 8.4 5.4 P W 4.3-5 6.4 5 T.L 10-11.3 21 12 Tg.W 3-3.1 6 5
102
H.F.L 11.2-12 20 12 Tb.L 9.2-11.2 17 9.2
W.Ex 20-22.3 48.8 29
Material examined: ♂1 Plandri 4325 ft 33°42'45.55" N 73°41'19.94"E 64 km from Rawalakot (Zahir Ahmed) 10.8.2009; ♂1 Gooi nala 3322 ft 33°45'21.25" N
73°37'02.00"E, 7 km in South of Rawalakot (Saad) 8.8.2010.
Habitat: These specimens were collected from sparse grasses in pine forest area.
Distribution: Pakistan.
Subfamily Eyprepocnemidinae
It is represented by 4 species under four genera.
Key to the local genera of Subfamily Eyprepocnemidinae
(Fig. 39, 42)
1. Prosternal process bifid at apex (Fig.39)…..……………….....Tylotropidius Stål,
- Prosternal process simple obtuse at apex …………….……………………....….2
2. Median carina of pronotum Intersected by three shallow sulcus
(Fig.40)…………………………………...…………………....Cataloipus (Walker)
- Median carina of pronotum obsolete, intersected by single shallow median sulcus…………………………………………………………………….…….…....3
3. Male cercus compressed at base, pointed at apex, bent venterd (Fig.41); hind tibia blue, with two light yellow bands at apex………...... …Eyprepocnemis Fieber,
103
- Male cercus medially compressed, expanded at base and apex (Fig.42); hind tibia red, with two black bands at base….………..….....………....Shirakiacris (Bolívar)
104
Fig.39. Tilotropidius varicornis (Walker), Prosternal process bifid at apex
(ventral view).
Fig.40. Cataloipus cognatus (Walkeer), Median carina of pronotum
intersected by three shallow sulcus (dorsal view).
105
Fig.41. Eyprepocnemis alacris alacris (Serville), Male cercus compressed
at base, pointed at apex (lateral view).
Fig.42. Shirakiacris shirakii (Bolivar), Male cercus medially compressed
expanded at base and apex (lateral view).
106
Genus Tylotropidius Stål
This genus is represented by a single species.
1873. Tylotropidius Stål. Recencio Orthopterorum. Rev. Orth. Thun.1:74.
Type species: Gryllus didymus Thunberg
Tylotropidius varicornis (Walker)
1870. Heteracris varicornis Walker, Catal. Spec. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. 4:667.
The collected specimens exactly similar with published description (Kirby, 1914;
Bhowmik 1986; Mahmood, 1995) of this species, except minor difference in body measurements.
Measurements 5♂ & 5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 29-3.3 29.86 0.95 37.4-44 40.18 2.60
H.L 4.3-5 4.72 0.38 5-6 5.8 0.45 P L 6-6.3 6.16 0.15 7-9 7.82 0.81 P W 5-5.3 5.06 0.13 6.2-7 6.56 0.40 T.L 24-26 25 0.71 31-35 33.04 1.42 Tg.W 5-6 5.3 0.45 5.1-6 5.7 0.42 H.F.L 21.3-24 22.46 1.05 28.3-30 29.26 1.02 Tb.L 18-21 19 1.22 24-26.3 25.46 0.95 W.Ex 53-57 55.06 1.42 68-76.3 72.44 2.98
107
Material examined: ♀ 1♂ 2 Rawalakot 5500ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E
(M.Asif) 25.6.2008; 3♀1♂ Abbaspur 4270ft 33°48'52.64" N 73°58'32.48"E
(A.Tamkeen) 18.9.2008; 1♀1♂ Hajeera 3111ft 33°46'17.96"N 73°53'45.42"E 28 km in East of Rawalakot (A.Tamkeen) 18.9.2008; 1♀ Chakothi 3719 ft
34°06'46.40" N 73°52'57.34"E, 59 km from Muzaffrabad (Adrees Ahmed Tahir)
2.8.2006;2♀1♂ Muzaffrabad 3470 ft34°22'16.64" N 73°28'16.29"E(A.Tamkeen)
8.10.2006; 2♀2♂ Kotli 2334 ft 33°28'16.30" N 73°52'57.41"E
(A.Tamkeen)14.10.2008; 7♀5 ♂ Bagh 3781ft 33° 58' 28.95"N, 73° 47' 29.49"E 48 km from Rawalakot (A.Tamkeen) 8.9.2008; 1♀ Senhsa 2962 ft 33°29'05.15” N
73°54'22.15”E , 35 km from Kotli (A.Tamkeen) 12.10.2008; 1♀1♂ Smahni 3198ft
33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E, 30 km in the North East of Mirpur
(A.Tamkeen)12.8.2007; 1♀ Bhimber 1508 ft 32°58'35.07" N 74°04 '47.83"E 50 km from Mirpur (A.Tamkeen) 14.8.2007; 2♀,5♂ Arja 2676ft 33°58'31.49” N 73°
39 22.78 E ,19 km north west from Bagh (A.Tamkeen) 10.9.2008;1♂ Garidoppata
2692 ft 24 km from Muzaffrabad (Adrees Ahmed Tahir) 4.10.2006.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from maize fields adjoining grasslands and near vegetable fields, not found causing serious damage to crops.
Distribution: Kashmir, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka.
Genus Cataloipus Bolívar,
It is represented by a single species.
1890. Euprepocnemis (Cataloipus) Bolívar, An. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. 19:321.
108
1893. Cataloipus Brunner von Wattenwyl. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova 2
13(33):151.
Type species: Euprepocnemis oberthuri Bolívar
The collected species exactly resemble with published description Kirby (1914) of this genus.
Cataloipus cognatus (Walker)
1870. Heteracris cognata Walker, Cat. Spec. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus 4:605-801.
1870. Heteracris elegans Walker, Cat. Spec. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus 4:663.
1956. Cataloipus cognatus Johnston, Ann. cata. Afri. grasshoppers 412.
The collected specimens exactly conform with published description (Kirby, 1914) of this species.
Measurements 4 ♀ (mm)
Female
Range Mean SD
B L 48-58.2 52.575 4.28 H L 5.4 - 7 6.45 0.75
P L 9.3-10 9.825 0.35 P W 8-9 8.325 0.46 Tg L 38.3-40 40.075 2.07
Tg W 7.1-8 7.375 0.42 H F L 32-36 34.175 1.82 Tb L 28-31.4 30.225 1.60
W.Ex 84.6-88.1 88.725 4.00
109
Material examined: ♀ 3 Ddayal 3198 ft 33°19'45.44" N 73°41'56.87"E
(A.Tamkeen) 12.9.2007; 1♀ Arja 2676ft 33°58'31.49” N 73° 39 22.78 E, 19km
North West from Bagh (A.Tamkeen) 15.9.2006.
Habitat: This species have been collected from range land, bushes and forest areas.
Distribution: Kashmir, Pakistan, India.
Genus Eyprepocnemis Fieber,
This genus is represented by a single species.
1853. Eyprepocnemis Fieber.Lotos 3:98
The single collected species exactly similar with published description (Kirby,
1914; Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951; Dirsh, 1965) of this genus.
Eyprepocnemis alacris alacris (Serville)
1838. Acridium alacre Serville.Hist.nat.ins.Orth.682.
1859. Acrydium deponens Walker, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 3 4:222.
1870. Caloptenus reductus Walker, Catal. Spec. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. 4:714.
1870. Heteracris rudis Walker, Catal. Spec. Derm. Salt. Brit.Mus 4:662, 664.
1871. Acridium scitulum Walker, Catal. Spec. Derm. Salt. Brit.Mus Supl. 62.
1882. Heteracris Atkinson. Notes on the Zoology of N.W. India 156.
1902. Euprepocnemis plorans intermedia Bolívar, Ann. Soc.ent. Fr. 70:630.
110
1910. Euprepocnemis Kirby, W.F. Syn. Cata. Orth. 3(2):560.
1963. Eyprepocnemis alacris Shumakov.Trudy Vses. Entomol. Obshch.49:109.
1981. Eyprepocnemis alacris alacris Muralirangan, M. C. & Ananthakrishnan.
Proc.Indian Acad. Sci., Bang. 90(1):99-112.
The collected specimens exactly similar with published description (Kirby, 1914;
Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951; Bhowmik 1986; Wagan, 1990; Mahmood, 1995;
Usmani, et al., 2012) of this species.
Measurements 3♂ & 5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 21-31.3 26.9 3.88 29-41.1 34.82 4.95 H.L 4-4.3 4.12 0.16 4.3-5 4.72 0.38 P L 6-7 6.28 0.44 6-7 6.24 0.43 P W 4-6 4.9 0.82 6.4-8 7.18 0.78 T.L 21-27 22.68 2.45 26-32 28.8 2.39 Tg.W 4-6 4.68 0.83 5-6.2 5.72 0.54 H.F.L 15-19 16.6 1.82 18-23 20.6 1.95 Tb.L 13-16 14.4 1.14 16-21 17.84 2.33 W.Ex 46.2-60 50.18 5.67 58-70 64.04 4.66
Material examined : ♀4 ♂3 Bagh 3781ft 33° 58' 28.95"N, 73° 47' 29.49"E
(A.Tamkeen)16.8.2008; ♀12♂4 Abbaspur 4270ft 33°48'52.64"N 73°58'32.48"E
(A.Tamkeen)15.8.2008; ♀4 Senhsa 2962 ft 33°29'05.15"N 73°54'22.15"E, 35 km from Kotli (M.Tahir) 14.8.2006; ♀15 ♂3 Kotli 2334 ft 33°28'16.30" N
73°52'57.41"E(M.Tahir) 7.8.2008; ♀10 ♂10 Plandri 4325 ft 33°42'45.55" N
111
73°41'19.94"E, 64 km from Rawalakot (Saad) 14.8.2010; ♀2 ♂2 Smahni 3198ft
33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E, 30 km in the North East of Mirpur (A.Tamkeen)
9.9.2007; ♂1 Saran 9250 ft (Khalid)18.8..2007; ♂1 Arja 2676ft 33°58'31.49” N
73° 39 22.78 E, 19km north west from Bagh (A.Tamkeen)10.9.2008; ♂8
Rawalakot 5500ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E (A.Tamkeen)12.8.2010.
Habitat: This species has been collected from grasses and forest areas, maize crop and from tall herbaceous flora.The species was found causing damage to maize crop.
Distribution: Kashmir, Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, Iran, Yemen.
Genus Shirakiacris Dirsh
This genus is represented by a single species.
1958. Shirakiacris Dirsh. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 12 10:861.
The collected species exactly conform with published description (Bei-Bienko &
Mishchenko,1951) of this genus.
Shirakiacris shirakii (Bolívar)
1914. Euprepocnemis shirakii Bolívar, Trab. Mus. Cienc. nat., Madrid (Ser. zool.)
20:11
1910. Euprepocnemis plorans Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 62:637.
1937. Euprepocnemis yukweiensis Chang, Ent. Chinoise 4(8):177-196, 2 pls.
The collected specimens exactly similar with the published description (Bei-Bienko
& Mishchenko, 1951; Mahmood, 1995) of this species.
112
Measurements 5♂ &5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 24-26 25.06 0.72 31.1-1 32.92 1.65 H.L 3-4 3.68 0.46 4.2-5 4.56 0.40 P L 4-5.3 4.88 0.51 6-7 6.32 0.40 P W 4-4 4 0.00 5-5.1 5.02 0.04 T.L 20.5-22 21.92 0.90 25.3-31 28.28 2.09 Tg.W 4-4 4 0.00 4.4-5.2 4.92 0.30 H.F.L 14.3-16 14.92 0.70 19-19.3 19.12 0.16 Tb.L 12-13 12.6 0.55 16-17.2 16.84 0.48 W.Ex 45-50 47.84 1.80 55.6-67 61.58 4.18
Material examined: ♀25, ♂38 Rawalakot 5500ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E
(Mohsin) 17.8.2008; ♀26 Hajeera 3111ft 33°46'17.96"N 73°53'45.42"E
(A.Tamkeen) 12.10.2008; ♀22, Mallot 5772 ft 34°01'27.55" N 73°40'48.42"E
(A.Tamkeen) 19.9.2006; ♀18, ♂1 Abbaspur 4270ft 33°48'52.64" N 73°58'32.48"E
(A.Tamkeen) 12.10.2008; ♀1 Mirpur 1506 ft 33.14°N 73.77°E (A.Tamkeen)
10.9.2008; ♀1 Arja 2676ft 33°58'31.49” N 73° 39 22.78 E, 19 km north west from
Bagh (A.Tamkeen) 20.9.2008, ♀1 Muzaffrabad 3470 ft 34°22'16.64" N
73°28'16.29"E (Adrees Ahmed) 22.8.2008, ♀1 Smahni 3198ft 33°35'21.64" N
73°56'17.89"E, 30 km in the North East of Mirpur (A.Tamkeen) 27.8.2007; ♀1
Senhsa 2962 ft 33°29'05.15" N 73°54'22.15"E,35 km from Kotli (A.Tamkeen)
12.10.2008; ♂7 Plandri 4325 ft 33°42'45.55" N 73°41'19.94"E ,(Saad) 18.8.2009.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from range land and thorny bushes, not found causing damage to crops
113
Distribution: Kashmir, China, Bangladesh.
Subfamily Catantopinae
It is represented by 8 species under 7 genera.
Key to the local Genera of sub family Catantopinae
(Fig. 43, 49)
1. Tegmina lateral reduced; wings hardly perceptible. (Fig. 43)
……………………………………………………….……Paraconophyma Uvarov,
-Tegmina and wings well developed……………………..…..…………………..2
2. Antennae widened basally, apically rounded (Fig.44); vertex narrower than frontal ridge which is also narrow flat throughout the length, body size small…………………...... Apalacris Walker
-Antennae filiform, vertex wider than frontal ridge which is flat and broad throughout its length; body size medium or large……………………………..…....3
3. Body large, median carina of pronotum raised prominent (Fig.45); male cercus apically pointed down curved…………...…………..………….Pachyacris Uvarov,
- Body medium; median carina of pronotum low; male cercus apically rounded not down curved…………………………………….………………………………4
4. Pronotum with low median carina, lateral carina absent (Fig.46); hind femur with 2-3 transverse blackbands …………………………….…..Catantops Schaum,
- Pronotum with prominent median carina, lateral carina well developed; hind femur without black bands………………………………………….……….……5
114
5. Body large; frontal ridge wide flat throught out its length (Fig.47); lateral carina of pronotum present………………………...………….….…Choroedocus Bolívar,
- Body small; frontal ridge narrow slightly pitted throughout its length; lateral carinae of pronotum absent………………………..…………………….……...…..6
6. Pronotum with a whitish lateral bands, which start from the posterior margin of eye and extend to the end of thorax (Fig.48); hind femur with 2-3 whitish bands extends dorsoexternally to the outer lower carina...Xenocatantops Dirsh & Uvarov
- Pronotum without white lateral bands; hind femur with two narrow broken black bands present only on dorsal areas. (Fig.49)…………Diabolocatantops Jago
115
Fig.43. Paraconophyma kashmirica Mishchenko, Tegmina lateral reduced (lateral view).
Fig.44. Apalacris varicornis Walker, Antennae widened basally, apically
rounded (lateral view)
116
Fig.45. Pachyacris vinosa (Walker), Pronotum raised (lateral view).
Fig.46. Catantops erubescens (Walker), Pronotum with low median carina,
lateral carina absent (dorsal view).
117
Fig.47. Choroedocus illustris (Walker), frontal ridge wide and flat
throught out its length (frontal view).
Fig.48. Xenocatantops karnyi (Kirby), Pronotum with a whitish lateral
bands (lateral view).
118
Fig.49. Diabolocatantops innotabilis (Walker), Hind femur with two narrow
broken black bands (dorsal view).
119
Genus Paraconophyma Uvarov,
This genus is represented by 1 species.
1921. Paraconophyma Uvarov. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9 7:497.
Type species: Paraconophyma polita
The collected species completely agree with published description (Bei-Bienko &
Mishchenko, 1951) of this genus.
Paraconophyma kashmirica Mishchenko
1950. Paraconophyma kashmirica Mishchenko. C.R. Acad. Sci. USSR 72(1):213.
2002. Paraconophyma kashmiricum Mahmood, K., Yousuf & Khaliq. Pak. J.
Zool. 34(3):235.
The collected specimens completely similar with published description (Bei-
Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951; Mahmood et al., 2002) of this species.
Measurements 5 ♀ &1♂ (mm) Female Male Range Mean SD Mean
B.L 20.1-22.3 20.94 0.94 15.2
H.L 3.3-4 3.62 0.35 3.1
P L 5-5.2 5.08 0.08 4.4
P W 5-6 5.22 0.44 4
T.L 4-4 4 0.00 4
Tg.W 2.2-2.3 2.22 0.04 2.2
H.F.L 11.3-12 11.86 0.31 9.3
Tb.L 10-11 10.64 0.50 8.1
120
Material examined: ♀ 5♂ 1 Tolipir 7635ft 33°52'46.18"N 73°54"39.08"E, 30 km in East of Rawalakot (A.Tamkeen) 16.8.2008.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from mountaneous grasslands and rocky land.
Distribution: Pakistan.
Genus Apalacris Walker
This genus is represented by a single species.
1870. Apalacris Walker, Cata. Speci. Derm.Salt. Brit.Mus.4:607, 641.
1956. Catantops Johnston, Ann.cata.Afri.grasshoppers 309.
1966. Apalacris Kevan, Ent. Meddelelser 34:407.
Type species: Apalacris varicornis Walker,
The collected specimens exactly similar with published description (Kirby, 1914;
Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951) of this genus.
Apalacris varicornis Walker
18730. Apalacris varicornis Walker, Cata.Spec.Derm.Salt. Brit. Mus. 4: 642.
The single collected species exactly conform with published description (Kirby,
1914; Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951).Except minor variation in body measurement.
121
Measurements 2 ♀ (mm)
Female
Range Mean SD
B.L 21.2-22 21.60 0.57 H.L 3-3.1 3.05 0.07 P L 4.4-5.2 4.80 0.57 P W 4.2-5 4.60 0.57 T.L 23.2-23 23.10 0.14 Tg.W 4-4.1 4.05 0.07 H.F.L 14-14 14.50 0.71 Tb.L 12.4-12.1 12.40 0.00
W.Ex 48-51 49.50 2.12
Material examined: ♀2, Bagh3781ft 33° 58' 28.95"N, 73° 47' 29.49"E,
(A.Tamkeen) 12.8.2007.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from grassland and barren fields.
Distribution: Kashmir, Pakistan, India, Malaysia, Singapore.
Genus Pachyacris Uvarov,
It is represented by 1 species under one genus.
1923. Pachyacris Uvarov, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9 11:140
Type species: Acridium violascens Walker
122
The single collected species exactly conform with published description (Bei-
Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951) of this genus.
Pachyacris vinosa (Walker,)
1870. Acridium vinosa Walker, Cata. Spe. Der. Salt. Brit. Mus. 3:588.
1900. Cyrtacanthacris wingatei Kirby, W.F. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 7 6:381.
1923. Pachyacris vinosa Uvarov. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9 11:478.
The collected specimens exactly conform with published description (Bei-Bienko
& Mishchenko, 1951; Bhowmik 1986; Mahmood, 1995) of this species, except miner difeference in measurements as 4.4mm in tegmen length.
Measurements 5♂ & 5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 30-34 32.3 1.71 44.3-50 46.86 2.07 H.L 4.2-4 4.04 0.09 4.4-5 4.88 0.27 P L 8.3-9 8.92 0.37 12-12 12.00 0.00 P W 6.2-6.4 6.24 0.15 8.2-9 8.70 0.41 T.L 29-31 30.46 1.12 41-45 42.30 1.59 Tg.W 6-7 6.42 0.36 7.3-9 8.12 0.61 H.F.L 18-20 19.26 0.83 24.3-27 25.20 1.30 Tb.L 17-18 17.24 0.43 22.2-26 23.38 1.64 W.Ex 64.4-70 67.16 2.19 92.4-99 93.10 3.48
123
Material examined: 1♀5♂ Chakothi 3719 ft 34°06'46.40" N 73°52'57.34"E, 59 km from Muzaffrabad (Adrees Ahmed Tahir) 12.10.2006; 1♀ Garidoppata 2692 ft24 km from Muzaffrabad (Adrees Ahmed Tahir) 8.10.2006; 6♀3♂ Abbaspur
4270ft 33°48'52.64"N 73°58'32.48"E (A.Tamkeen) 15.9.2008, 4♀2♂ Bagh 3781ft
33° 58' 28.95"N, 73° 47' 29.49"E, (Masood Ahmed Tahir) 18.8.2008.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from grasslands having pine forest, small vegetation and herbs.
Distribution: Kashmir, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan.
Genus Catantops Schaum
This genus is represented by single species.
1853. Catantops Schaum. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 2:775-80.
Type species: Catantops melanostictus Schaum
The species totally similar with the published description (Kirby, 1914; Bei-Bienko
& Mishchenko1951) of this genus.
Catantops erubescens (Walker)
1870. Caloptenus erubescens Walker, Catal. Spec. Derm.Salt. Brit. Mus. 4:703.
1910. Catantops erubescens Kirby, Syn.Catal.Orth.3 (2).
The specimens of this exactly similar to the published description (Kirby, 1914;
Bhowmik, 1986) of this species.
124
Measurements 3♂ & 5♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 23-25 23.7 1.13 25.4-29 28.20 1.38 H.L 3-3.2 3.07 0.12 3.2-4 3.40 0.39 P L 5-6.1 5.7 0.61 6.1-7 6.10 0.48 P W 4-5 4.4 0.53 5-5.2 5.00 0.11 T.L 12-13.4 12.4 0.81 22-23.4 23.20 0.67 Tg.W 4-4 4 0 4.2-5 4.20 0.33 H.F.L 10-12.2 11.07 0.81 13.3-16 14.5 1.03 Tb.L 18.1-21 19.07 1.67 12-14 12.72 0.81 W.Ex 40.2-46 42.2 3.29 49-51.4 50.2 1.13
Material examined: ♀ 4♂2 Abbaspur 4270ft 33°48'52.64" N 73°58'32.48"E
7.10.2009; 3♀1♂ Bagh 3781ft 33° 58' 28.95"N, 73° 47' 29.49"E
,(A.Tamkeen)12.10.2009.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from pine forest & wild grasses.
Distribution: Kashmir, Pakistan, India.
Genus Choroedocus Bolívar,
This genus is represented by 2 species.
1914. Choroedocus Bolívar, Trab. Mus. Cienc. nat., Madrid (Ser. zool.) 20:8.
Type species: Gryllus capensis Thunberg
The collected species exactly tally with published description of Kirby (1914).
125
Key to the local species of Choroedocus
(Fig. 50, 51)
1. Tegmina spotted with scattered black spots (Fig.50)……….…..illustris (Walker)
-Tegmina without spots (Fig.51)……….………………….……robustus (Serville)
126
Fig.50. Coroedocus illustris (Walker), Tegmina spotted with scattered black
spots (dorsal view).
Fig.51. Coroedocus robustus (Serville), Tegmina without spots (dorsal view).
127
Choroedocus illustris (Walker,)
1870. Heteracris illustris Walker, Catal.Spec. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus.4:663.
1984. Choroedocus illustris Bhowmik & Halder. Rec. Zool. Survey India 81(1-
2):182.
2008. Choroedocus illustris Gupta, Bionotes 10(3):89.
The given species exactly tally with published description (Kirby, 1914).
Comparison of measurements showed a difference of 7.7mm in body length and
5.7mm of hind femur length.
Measurements 5♂ &5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 32-32.2 31.88 0.39 51.1-62.3 56.74 4.11 H.L 4.2-5 4.58 0.39 6.3-7 6.86 0.31 P L 6.2-7 6.70 0.41 10.2-12 11.30 0.75 P W 5-6 5.30 0.42 8-9 8.24 0.43 T.L 15.4-28.2 23.96 5.01 41-52.4 46.32 4.82 Tg.W 5-5.4 5.24 0.17 8.3-10 9.06 0.61 H.F.L 19-20 19.80 0.45 31-37.3 33.96 2.70 Tb.L 16.4-18 17.30 0.57 27.3-34.1 30.72 2.79 W.Ex 36.1-61.8 53.14 9.65 90-113.8 100.88 9.98
Material examined: ♀7♂2 Abbaspur 4270ft 33°48'52.64" N 73°58'32.48"E
(A.Tamkeen) 18.8.2008; ♀ 2 Dadyal 3198ft ft 33°19'45.44" N 73°41'56.87"E
128
(A.Tamkeen)12.9.2007; ♀3 Smahni 3198ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E ,30 km in the North East of Mirpur (A.Tamkeen) 26.7.2007; ♀2 Arja 2676ft 33°58'31.49”
N 73° 39 22.78 E, 19km north west from Bagh (A.Tamkeen); ♀3 Rawalakot 5500ft
33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E (A.Tamkeen) 9.7.2008; ♂5 Bagh 3781ft 33° 58'
28.95"N, 73° 47' 29.49"E (A.Tamkeen) 17.8.2008.
Habitat: These specimens have been collected from maize crop and grasses, having thorny bushes.
Distribution: Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan.
Choroedocus robustus (Serville)
1838. Acridium robustum Serville. Hist. natu. inse. Orth. 647.
1870. Heteracris ducalis Walker, Catal. Spec. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus 4:663.
1910. Heteracris robusta Kirby, Syn. Cata.Orth. 3(2):555.
1987. Heteracris robusta Ingrisch.
2006. Choroedocus robustus Li, Hongchang, Hsia & et al. Fauna Sinica, Insecta
43:602.
The collected species exactly similar with published description (Kirby, 1914).
Comparison of measurements showed that there was a marked difference of 8mm in body length.
129
Measurements 5♂ & 5 ♀ (mm) Male Female Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 26-31 28.5 1.94 45-57 52.4 4.56 H. L 4-5 4.26 0.43 5-6 5.4 0.36
P. L 6-7 6.5 0.48 38.2-47 41.92 3.79 P.W 4-5 5.1 0.17 28.2-36 32.12 3.07 Tg. L 23-26.2 25.2 1.11 27-34 31 2.55 T.w 4.4-5 4.88 0.27 6.4-8 7.68 0.72 H.F.L 19-21 19.88 0.88 10-11.4 10.52 0.64 H.T.L 17.2-20 18.7 1.1 7.1-9 8.12 0.68 86.4- Wex 50-57 55.42 2.18 104.4 94 7.59
Material examined: ♀ 6 Dadyal 3198ft 33°19'45.44" N 73°41'56.87"E
(A.Tamkeen) 20.10.2007; 5♀4 ♂ Smahni 3198ft (A.Tamkeen) 13.9.2007; 5♀
Bagh 3781ft 33° 58' 28.95"N, 73° 47' 29.49"E ,30 km in the North East of Mirpur
(A.Tamkeen) 15.9.2006; ♀2 ♂3 Arja 2676ft 33°58'31.49” N 73° 39 22.78 E,
19km north west from Bagh (A.Tamkeen) 15.9.2008, ♀ 4 ♂5 Senhsa 2962 ft
33°29'05.15" N 73°54'22.15"E, 35 km from Kotli (A.Tamkeen) 22.10.2007; ♀1
Chakothi 3719 ft 34°06'46.40" N 73°52'57.34"E 59 km from Muzaffrabad
(Adrees Ahmed Tahir)2.10.2006; ♀1 Sudhan gali 7443 ft 34°04'33.36" N
73°44'40.38"E (A.Tamkeen) 18.8.2007; ♂4 Bhimber 1508 ft 32°58'35.07" N
74°04 '47.83"E, 50 km from Mirpur (A.Tamkeen)13.9.2007; ♂1 Rawalakot 5500ft
33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E (A.Tamkeen) 26,8,2009; ♂1 Garidopatta 2692 ft,
24 km from Muzaffrabad (Adrees Ahmed Tahir) 4.10.2006.
130
Habitat: These specimens have been collected from dry range lands and dry pastures from thorny bushes near roadside.
Distribution: Pakistan, India.
Genus Xenocatantops Dirsh & Uvarov
(Fig. 52, 53)
This genus is represented by 2 species from the study area.
1953. Xenocatantops Dirsh & Uvarov, Tij. v. Ent. 96(3):237
Type species: Acridium humile Serville.
The collected species completly similar with published description of (Kirby, 1914) of this genus.
Key to the local species of genus Xenocatantops
1. Hind femora with the row of black spots on the lower outer carina for all its
length (Fig.52)……………………………….….………………..karnyi (Kirby,)
-Hind femora without black spots on lower outer carina, hind femora with three lateral white bands (Fig.53)……………………….……………... humilis (Serville)
131
Fig.52. Xenocatantops karnyi (Kirby), Hind femora with the row of black
spots on the lower outer carina for all its length (lateral view).
Fig.53. Xenocatantops humilis (Serville), Hind femur with three white lateral
bands (lateral view).
132
Xenocatantops karnyi (Kirby,)
1907. Catantops pulchellus Karny, Sitz. öst. Akad. Wiss. Math- naturw. Kl. Abt. 1
96 (1) :317, 339.
1910. Catantops karnyi Kirby, Syn. Cata. Orth. Orth. Salt.3(2):483
1982. Xenocatantops karnyi Jago, Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 108(4):454.
2012. Xenocatantops karnyi Nayeem & Usmani, Munis Entomology & Zoology
7(1):403
The given specimens completly conform with published description (Kirby, 1914;
Usmani and Naeem 2012) of this species except some minor variation in morphometery.
Measurements 1 ♀ (mm)
Female
B L 25.3 H L 3.2 P L 6.2 P W 5.2 Tg L 21 Tg W 4 H F L 14 HT L 12 W.EX 47.2 Material examined: ♀1 Abbaspur 4270ft 33°48'52.64" N 73°58'32.48"E
(A.Tamkeen) 18.9.2008.
Habitat: The specimens have been collected from green pastures.
133
Distribution: Kashmir, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Bihar, Burma,
Phillipine, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore.
Xenocatantops humilis (Serville)
1870. Caloptenus dominans Walker, Cata. Spe. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. 4:705
1870. Caloptenus strictus Walker, Cata. Spe. Derm.Salt. Brit. Mus 4:707
1897. Catantops speciosus Brancsik, Nat. Ver. Tren.Comit. p. 243-271.
The given specimens exactly similar with the published description (Kirby, 1914) accept minor difference of body measurements.
Measurement 3 ♀ & 1♂ (mm)
Female Male
Range Mean SD
B L 27-33 29.43 3.16 21 H L 3.4 - 4 3.80 0.35 3.4 P L 7-7 7.00 0.00 6 P W 5-6 5.43 0.51 4 Tg L 25.4-26 25.80 0.35 19.3 Tg W 5-6 5.33 0.58 4 H F L 15.4-16 15.80 0.35 13.3 HT L 14-14.4 14.13 0.23 11 W.Ex 56.1-58 57.03 0.95 42.6
Material examined: ♀ 1 Rawalakot 5500ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E (Faiz ullah) 5.10.2009; ♀1 Arja 2070 ft 33°58'31.49"N73°39'22.78"E (A.Tamkeen)
134
18.9.2008; ♀1 Abbaspur 4270ft 33°48'52.64" N 73°58'32.48"E (A.Tamkeen)
24.9.2008; ♂1 Smahni 3198ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E, 30 km in the North
East of Mirpur (A.Tamkeen) .
Habitat: These specimens have been collected from range lands, pine forest and grasses.
Distribution: Kashmir, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Bihar, Burma, Phillipine,
Malaysia, Singapore.
Genus Diabolocatantops Jago
This genus is represented by one species from study area.
1984. Diabolocatantops Jago Trans. Amer. ENT. Soc. 110 (3):295.
Type species: Gryllus axillaris Thunberg
The single recorded species totally agree with the published description (Jago,
1984) of this genus.
Diabolocatantops innotabilis (Walker,)
1870. Acridium innotabile Walker, Cata. Spec. Derm.Salt. Brit. Mus. 4:629.
1870. Caloptenus ferrugineus Walker, Cata. Spec. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. 4:705.
1871. Acridium obtusiferum Walker, Cata. Spec. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. Supp.:63,
67.
1871. Catantops indicus Walker, Cata. Derm.Salt. Brit. Mus. Sup. p.67.
1871. Caloptenus immunis Walker, Catal. Spec.Derm. Salt. Colle. Brit. Mus. Sup.
135
:67.
1902. Catantops indicus Bolívar, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 70:626.
1907. Acridium innotabile Finot, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 76:336.
1957. Catantops pinguis innotabilis Willemse, Publ. nat. Geno. Lim. 10:467.
1965. Catantops innotabilis Mishchenko. Fauna of Russia Orthopt: 520 [471].
1990. Diabolocatantops innotabilis Ingrisch, Spix.(Muni.)13:174.
The collected specimens exactly similar with the published description (Kirby,
1914; Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko,1951; Jago,1984; Bhowmik 1986;
Mahmood,1995) of this species.
Deviating Taxonomic Characters.
In some specimens the outer facia of femur is only restrited on the upper area, very slightly cross the outer dorsal carina. In some specimens the hind facia assume the shape of dark spot in the middle outer area of femur.
Measurements 5 ♀ (mm)
Female
Range Mean SD
B.L 31-35 32.3 1.86 H.L 4-4 4 0 P L 7-8 7.8 0.45 P W 6-6.4 6.24 0.15 T.L 29-32.3 30.12 1.29
136
Tg.W 5.1-6 5.2 0.57 H.F.L 17.1-19.2 18.06 1.03 Tb.L 14.3-16 15.26 0.73
W.Ex 64-71.9 66.68 3.08
Material examined: ♀ 2 Bhimber 1508 ft 32°58'35.07" N 74°04 '47.83"E, 50 km from Mirpur (Irfon Anjum) 5.10.2007;♀10♂ 4 Bagh 3781ft 33° 58' 28.95"N, 73°
47' 29.49"E (A.Tamkeen) 23.9.2007, ♀3 Garidoppata 24 km from Muzaffrabad
(Khalid) 22.8.2007; ♀3 ♂2 Channari 11220ft, 51 km from Muzaffrabad (Khalid)
21.8.2008;♀2 Hattian Bala (Khalid) 22.8.2008; ♀1♂2 Leepa 8223ft 34°16'18.99"N
73°51'36.13"E, 45 km from Muzaffrabad (Khalid) 21.8.2008; ♀2 Kotli 2334 ft
33°28'16.30" N 73°52'57.41"E (A.Tamkeen) 27.9.2007; ♀1 Dhirkot 5456 ft34°01'53.54" N 73°34'19.71"E (MasoodTahir) 24.9.2007; ♀2 Pirgali 1854 ft
33°16'37.04" N 73°52'06.02"E (A.Tamkeen) 24.9.2007; ♀1 Arja 2676ft
33°58'31.49” N 73° 39 22.78 E ,35 km from kohala (A.Tamkeen) 22.8.2007;♀1
Abbaspur 4270ft33°48'52.64"N73°58'32.48"E (A.Tamkeen) 10.9.2008; ♀1 Awan pattan (Khalid) 22.8.2008; ♀12♂ 6 Plandri 4325ft 33°42'45.55"N 73°41'19.94"E,
64km from Rawalakot (A.Tamkeen) 8.10.2010 ; ♂ 1 Hajeera 3111ft
33°46'17.96"N 73°53'45.42"E (A.Tamkeen) 11.9.2008; ♂1 Komi kot 9590ft
(Khalid) 18.8.2007.
Habitat: These specimens have been collected from range land, pine forest areas with sparse vegetation.
Distribution: Kashmir, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka.
137
Subfamily Spathosterninae
This subfamily is represented by 1 species under one genus.
Genus Spathosternum Krauss
It is represented by one species under single genus.
1877. Spathosternum Krauss. Sitz. öst. Akad. Wiss.Math-naturw. Kl. Abt. 1
76(1):44
Type species: Tristria nigro-taeniata Stål
The single collected specimen exactly tallies with published description (Kirby
1914, Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951) of this genus.
Spathosternum prasiniferum (Walker)
1871. Heteracris prasinifera Walker, Cata. Spec.Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus.5:65, 69,
82, 83
The given specimens tally with published description (Kirby, 1914; Bei-Bienko &
Mishchenko, 1951; Bhowmik 1986; Mahmood 1995; Usmani and Naeem 2012), with minor difference in body measurements.
Measurements 5♂ & 5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 15-16 15.6 0.55 20-21.4 20.78 0.60 H.L 3-3.1 3.02 0.04 4-4.2 4.04 0.09 P L 4-4.2 4.06 0.09 4.4-5 4.88 0.27
138
P W 3-3.3 3.1 0.12 3.3-4 3.86 0.31 T.L 13.3-15 14.34 0.72 15.2-16 15.86 0.37 Tg.W 3-3 3 0.00 3-3.3 3.18 0.13 H.F.L 8.3-10.1 9.68 0.77 11-11.2 11.24 0.17 Tb.L 7-8 7.66 0.48 9.2-10 9.58 0.39 W.Ex 29.7-33.1 31.78 1.40 34.4-36 35.58 0.74
Material examined: ♀16 ♂4 Kotli 2334 ft 33°28'16.30" N 73°52'57.41"E
(A.Tamkeen) 10.10.2007; ♀15 ♂5 Dadyal 3198ft ft 33°19'45.44" N 73°41'56.87"E
(A.Tamkeen) 20.9.2007; ♀6 ♂3 Smahni 3198ft 33°35'21.64 N 73°56'17.89"E,30 km in the North East of Mirpur (A.Tamkeen) 23.9.2007; ♀6 Muzaffrabad 3470 ft34°22'16.64" N 73°28'16.29"E (Adrees Ahmed) 22.8.2006; ♀1 Abbaspur 4270ft
33°48'52.64" N 73°58'32.48"E (A.Tamkeen) 12.8.2008; ♀ 6♂3 Mirpur 1506 ft
33.14°N 73.77°E (A.Tamkeen) 4.9.2007.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from grasslands having pine forest and also from fruit orchards.
Distribution: Pakistan, India.
Subfamily Gomphocerinae
It is represented by 5 species under 3 genera.
Key to the local genera of subfamily Gomphocerinae
(Fig.54, 56)
1. Vertex strongly projecting forward, depressed (Fig.54)…..……..Gonista Bolívar
- Vertex slightly projecting forward not depressed…………………………….…2
139
2. Ventral inner spur of hind tibia small, which is slightly larger than dorsal spur of
same side (Fig.55) ………………….…………………….….Chorthippus Fieber
- Ventral inner spur of hind tibia large which is larger in length than dorsal spur of same side (Fig.56)…..………...………………….……….…Aulacobothrus Bolívar
140
Fig.54. Gonista bicolor (Hann), Vertex strongly projecting forward,
depressed (dorsal view).
Fig.55. Chorthippus vagan Ventral inner spur of hind tibia small, which is
slightly larger then dorsal spur of same side (lateral view).
141
Fig.56. Aulacobothrus Bolivar,Ventral inner spur of hind tibia large which is
larger in length than dorsal spur of same side.
142
Genus Gonista Bolívar
It is represented by 2 species under one genus.
1898. Gonista Bolívar, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova 39 [(ser. 2) 19]:29
Type species: Gonista antennata Bolívar
The collected specimens exactly similar with published description (Bei-Bienko &
Mishchenko, 1951) of this genus.
Key to the local species of Gonista
(Fig. 57, 58)
1. Mesosternal lobes contigius throughout its length (Fig.57)….…....bicolor (Haan)
-Mesosternal lobes distinctly separated throughout its length
(Fig.58)…………………………………………………………...rotundata Uvarov
.
143
Fig.57. G.bicolor (Hann), Mesosternal lobes contigius (ventral view).
Fig.58. G.rotundata Uvarov, Mesosternal lobes distinctly separated (ventral
view).
144
Gonista bicolor (Haan)
1842. Acridium (Opsomala) bicolor Haan. In Tem. Verh. Neder. Zool. 147.
1870. Opomala bicolor Walker, Cata.Salt. Brit. Mus. 3:511.
1898. Gonista antennata Bolívar, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova 39 [(ser. 2)
19]:93
1899. Gelastorhinus gracilis Fritze. Rev. Sui. Zool. 7:338.
1902. Gelastorhinus esox Burr.Trans. Entomol. Soc. London 181.
1902. Gelastorhinus lucius Burr. Trans. Entomol. Soc. London 181, 183.
1966. Gonista bicolor Kevan, Ent. Meddelelser 34:418.
The collected species totally agree with published description (Bei-Bienko &
Mishchenko, 1951) of this species.
Measurements 3♂ & 5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 29-29.4 29.23 0.21 42-47.3 44.7 2.13 H.L 5.2-6 5.767 0.49 6.1-7.1 6.76 0.48 P L 5.3-6.2 5.833 0.47 8-9.3 8.34 0.54 P W 3.3-4 3.567 0.38 4.2-5 4.58 0.39 T.L 19-25.1 21.83 3.07 29.2-33.4 31.8 1.77 Tg.W 3.3-4 3.567 0.38 4.4-5.4 4.98 0.36 H.F.L 17-18 17.33 0.58 22.2-24 22.44 0.95 Tb.L 16-17 16.37 0.55 21.2-22 21.08 0.71 W.Ex 41.3-54 47.23 6.51 63.4-71.8 68.18 3.49
145
The collected species similar with published description (Bei-Bienko &
Mishchenko, 1951), except 8.2mm difference in tegmen length.
Material examined: ♀ 2 Rawalakot 5500ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E (Anwar
Hussain) 28.9.200;♀4 Mandhol 5300ft ,15 km from Hajeera (Anwar Hussain)
20.8.2006; ♀2 Hajeera 3111ft 33°46'17.96"N 73°53'45.42"E (Anwar Hussain)
19.8.2006; ♀2♂1 Bagh 33°58'28.95"N 73°47'29.49"E (A.Tamkeen) 5.9.2010;
♀1♂1 Kotli 2334 ft 33°28'16.30" N 73°52'57.41"E (A.Tamkeen) 5.10.2010; ♀ 2
♂1 Kaffulgarh 6497 ft (A.Tamkeen) 5.9.2010.
Habitat: The specimens have been collected from dry grasses and range lands, fields having maize crop.
New record: The species has been recorded for the first time from Azad Jammu & Kashmir.
Distribution: Kashmir, Thailand, Burma, South Korea, North Korea, Japan.
Gonista rotundata Uvarov
1933. Gonista rotundata Uvarov.Trudy Zool. Inst., Akad. Nauk SSSR, Len. 1(3-
4):189.
The given species exactly similar with published description (Bei-Bienko &
Mishchenko, 1951) of this species.
Measurements 5♂ & 5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 24.3-28 26.7 1.57 37-55 45.26 6.42
146
H.L 4.3-5 4.76 0.43 6-7 6.28 0.44 P L 6-6.4 6.12 0.16 8-10.2 9.04 0.78 P W 4-4.2 4.04 0.09 5.2-6.3 5.54 0.65 T.L 19.2-21.1 20.16 0.93 27-33.2 30.1 2.29 Tg.W 3.4-4.1 3.78 0.35 5.2-6.2 5.36 0.50 H.F.L 16-18 16.68 0.83 21.4-25 23.54 1.55 Tb.L 16-17.1 16.46 0.55 21-24.3 22.72 1.18 W.Ex 42.4-46.4 44.36 1.90 60-72.7 65.74 4.69
Material examined: ♀1 Bagh 4920ft (A.Tamkeen) 22.8.2007; ♀1 Harigal (Adrees
Ahmed) 22.8.2006; ♀1 Arja 2070 ft 33°58'31.49" N 73°39'22.78"E 35km from kohala (A.Tamkeen) 14.9.2006; ♀1 Mirpur 1506 ft 33.14°N 73.77° (A.Tamkeen)
22.7.2007; ♀ 3 Muzaffrabad 3470 ft 34°22'16.64" N 73°28'16.29"E (Adrees
Ahmed Tahir) 22.8.2006; ♂4 Kotli 2334 ft 33°28'16.30" N 73°52'57.41"E
(A.Tamkeen) 5.10.2010; ♂1 Kotli Choch 2624 ft 33°28'16.30" N 73°52'57.41"E
(Zahid Mehmood) 22.9.2008.
Habitat: These specimens have been collected from maize fields, grasses and range lands.
New record: The species has been recorded for the first from Azad Jammu &
Kashmir.
Distribution: Kashmir, Iran.
Genus Chorthippus (Chorthippus) Fieber
1852. Chorthippus Fieber. In Kelch. Grundlage zur Kenntnis der Orthopteren
(Gradflügler) Oberschlesiens, und Grundlage zur Kenntnis der Käfer
Oberschlesiens, erster Nachtrag (Schulprogr.) Ratibor 1.
147
The species exactly similar with published description (Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko,
1951; Dirsh, 1965; Jago, 1971) of this genus.
Chorthippus (Glyptobothrus) vagans (Eversmann,)
1848. Oedipoda vagans Eversmann. Addi. Fis.Wald. Orth. Ross.12
1849. Gomphocerus subsinuatus Fischer, Mann. Ver. f. Nat.15:42
1975. Chorthippus (Glyptobothrus) eckerleini Harz. Ser. Entomol. 11:877
The species totaly resemble with published description (Bei-Bienko &
Mishchenko, 1951) of this species with minor variations in body measurements.
Measurements 5♂ & 5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 15-16 15.28 0.42 19-25 22.72 2.33 H.L 3.1-4 3.4 0.35 4-4.4 4.14 0.19 P L 3.4-4 3.64 0.33 4.1-5.1 4.72 0.44 P W 3-3.2 3.12 0.08 4-4.4 4.1 0.17 T.L 11.2-14.2 12.48 1.15 15-16.3 15.52 0.60 Tg.W 2.4-3.3 2.94 0.33 3.4-4 3.52 0.27 H.F.L 9.1-10.3 9.74 0.51 12-16.1 13.62 1.56 Tb.L 8-9.3 8.72 0.58 9.4-12 10.9 0.94 W.Ex 25.4-29.2 28.08 2.34 34.7-37 35.74 1.16
Material examined: ♀15 ♂ 6 Surgon, 25 km from Sharda (Altaf) 8.9.2007; ♀ 4
♂6 Cami forest 5425 ft (Altaf) 7.9.2007; ♀ 6 Tao but 6878 ft (Altaf) 10.9.2007;
148
♀8 Sudhan gali 7443 ft 34°04'33.36" N 73°44'40.38"E (A.Tamkeen) 17.10.2007;
♀2 Doba 10150ft (Altaf) 10.9.2007; ♀18 Khai Gala 15 km in East of Rawalakot
(Farzana) 14.7.2010; ♀ 25 ♂3 Shaheed Gala 7252 ft 33°54'06.11"N
73°50'17.87"E 26 km East of Rawalakot (Saba) 4.6.2010; ♀33♂5 Toli pir 7650 ft33°52'46.18"N 73°54"39.08"E 30 km East of Rawalakot (Samya) 11.7.2010;
♀15♂2 Kotli 2334 ft 33°28'16.30" N 73°52'57.41"E (A.Tamkeen) 14.10,2008;♀13
Senhsa 2962 ft33°29'05.15" N 73°54'22.15"E 35 km from Kotli (A.Tamkeen)
13.8.2008; ♂4 Kel 6878ft 19 km from Sharda (Altaf); ♂48 Rawalakot 5500ft
33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E (A.Tamkeen) 4.6.2009; ♂11 Namnota 7252 ft
33°54'06.11" N73°50'17.87"E 22 km in East of Rawalakot (Samya) 4.6.2010.
Habitat: These specimens have been collected from range land, pastures and areas having maize crop near road side.
Distribution: Kashmir, Spain, France, Mali, United Kingdom, Kazakhstan,
Turkey, Romania, Poland, Bulgharia, Italy.
Genus Aulacobothrus Bolívar,
It is represented by 2 species under one genus.
1902. Aulacobothrus Bolívar, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 70:597.
1909. Phorenula Bolívar, Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 9:296.
1909. Phorenula Bolívar, Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 9:296.
1971. Dnopherula (Aulacobothrus) Jago. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.123:242.
1986. Dnopherula (Aulacobothrus) Bhowmik. Zool. Surv. India, Tech. Monogr.
149
14:53.
1987. Aulacobothrus Balderson & X.-C. Yin. Ento's Gazette 38:288.
1995. Dnopherula (Aulacobothrus) Otte, Ortho. Spe. File 5:147.
1996. Aulacobothrus Jago. Jour. Orth. Res. 5:72.
Type species: Aulacobothrus strictus Bolívar, I.,
The collected species totally agree with published description (Bei-Bienko &
Mishchenko, 1951; Wagan, 1990) of this genus.
Key to the local species of Aulacobothrus
1. Hind femur with three dark bands on the dorsal aspect, with black apical end, pronotum with lateral carina weakly concave in middle part.(Fig.59)………………………………………………………..leutipes(Walker)
- Hind femur without dark bands, with light apical end; pronotum with lateral carina strongly incurved in middle part (Fig.60)………...…….sevn-hedini Sjöstedt
150
Fig.59. Aulacobothrus leutipe (Walker), Hind femur with three dark bands on
, the dorsal aspect, with apical end black (dorsal view).
Fig.60. Aulacobothrus sevn-hedini Sjöstedt, Hind femur without dark bands,
, with light black apical end (dorsal view).
151
Aulacobothrus luteipes luteipes (Walker,)
1871. Stenobothrus luteipes Walker, Cata. Spec. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus: 82
1914. Stauroderus bicolor Kirby, Fau. Brit. Ind.Ceyl. Burma.Orth (Acri.)127
1921. Aulacobothrus Uvarov. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9 7:482.
1971. Dnopherula (Aulacobothrus) Jago. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 123:242.
1993. Dnopherula (Aulacobothrus) luteipes Ingrisch. Entomol. Scandinavica
24(3):321. 1995. Dnopherula (Aulacobothrus) luteipes luteipes Otte, D. O S F 5:149.
1999. Aulacobothrus luteipes Sun, Y.Z. & Y.Y. Yuan. Grasshoppers of Shandong 93. 2009. Dnopherula (Aulacobothrus) luteipes Reshi, Azim & Rather. Jour. Ent. Res. (New Delhi) 33(3):285-288.
These species is similar with published description (Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko,
1951; Mahmood, 1995).With minor differences in body measurements.
Measurements 5♂ & 5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 14.2-16.4 15.78 0.90 23.1-26 24.32 1.23 H.L 3.1-3.3 3.4 0.35 4.1-4.3 4.22 0.08 P L 3.3-4.2 3.9 0.35 5.1-5.4 5.16 0.15 P W 3-4 3.3 0.41 3.1-4 3.88 0.45 T.L 13-14 13.5 0.50 16-19 16.74 1.28 Tg.W 3-3.3 3.16 0.15 3.4-4 3.9 0.28 H.F.L 10.3-11.3 10.92 0.37 12.3-15 13.78 1.03 Tb.L 8.4-10 9.22 0.58 10.2-13 11.6 1.08 W.Ex 29.3-31.2 30.3 1.27 36-41.1 37.36 2.14
152
Material examined: ♀ 35 Rawalakot 5500ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E
(Rehan) 8.9.2010 ; ♀4♂2 Abbaspur 4270ft 33°48'52.64" N 73°58'32.48"E
15.10.2010; ♀5 Senhsa 2962 ft 33°29'05.15" N 73°54'22.15"E,35 km from Kotli
(A.Tamkeen) 12.10.2008; ♀1 Chakswari 1411 ft 33°15'16.55" N 73°46'04.16"E 44 km from Mirpur (A.Tamkeen) 5.7.2008; ♀2 Smahni 3198ft 33°35'21.64" N
73°56'17.89"E ,30 km in the Norh East of Mirpur (A.Tamkeen) 21.6.2008;♂2
Cami forest 5425 ft (Altaf) 7.9.2007.
Habitat: The specimens have been collected from grasses in pine forest.
Distribution: Pakistan, Kashmir, India, Thailand, Bhutan, Nepal, Burma, Sudan,
Ethiopia, Somalia, Algeria, Mali.
Aulacobothrus sven hedini Sjöstedt
1933. Aulacobothrus svenhedini Sjöstedt. Ark. Zool. 25 A 3(5):23.
1971. Dnopherula Jago. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.123:242.
1993. Dnopherula (Aulacobothrus) Ingrisch. Revue Suisse de Zool. 100(4):929-
947.
1993. Dnopherula (Aulacobothrus) svenhedini Ingrisch. Entomologica
Scandinavica 24(3):331.
1998. Dnopherula svenhedini Jiang, G. & Z. Zheng. Grasshoppers and Locusts
from Guangxi 229.
1999. Aulacobothrus svenhedini Sun, Y. Z. & Y.Y. Yuan. Grasshoppers of
Shandong 94.
153
The given species very much similar with published description (Bei-Bienko &
Mishchenko, 1951; Mahmood, 1995) of this genus. Only minor differences in body measurements were observed.
Measurements 5♂ & 5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 15-18 16.02 1.55 18.1-25 20.88 2.70 H.L 3-3.4 3.18 0.15 3.3-4.3 3.78 0.50 P L 4-5 4.46 0.50 4.2-6.1 4.96 0.80 P W 3-4 3.28 0.41 3.3-4 3.46 0.30 T.L 12-16.2 13.52 1.70 15-17.4 16.52 0.98 Tg.W 3-4 3.3 0.40 3-4.1 3.56 0.47 H.F.L 10.2-12 10.9 0.75 12.114.3 13.4 1.19 Tb.L 8.2-10 9.12 0.66 10-12.1 11.26 1.06 W.Ex 27-36.4 30.28 3.76 33.3-38.8 36.58 2.10
Material examined: ♀12 Senhsa 2962 ft 33°29'02.15" N 73°54'22.15"E, 35 km from Kotli (A.Tamkeen) 26.10.2007;♀6 ♂ 2 Abbaspur 4270 ft 33°48'52.64" N
73°58'32.48"E (A.Tamkeen) 18.9.2008; ♀26 ;♂ 7 Rawalakot 5500ft 33°35'21.64"
N 73°56'17.89"E (Rehan) 24.6.2010;♀2 Chakswari1500 ft 33°15'16.55" N
73°46'04.16"E,44 km from Mirpur (A.Tamkeen) 5.7.2007; ♀5 ,♂ 2 Smahni 3198ft
33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E,30 km in the North East of Mirpur (A.Tamkeen)
21.6.2008; ♀11, ♂5 Kotli 2334 ft 33°28'16.30" N 73°52'57.41"E (A.Tamkeen)
21.6.2010; ♀6 ♂2 Bagh 3871ft 33°58'28.95" N 73°47'29.49E" (A.Tamkeen)
22.8.2007; ♂3 Mirpur 1506 ft 33.14°N 73.77°E (A.Tamkeen) 20.7.2007; ♀1
Bhimber 1508 ft 32°58'35.07" N 74°04 '47.83"E,50 km from Mirpur (A.Tamkeen)
154
22.7.2007; ♂ 2 Senhsa 2962 ft 33°29'02.15" N 73°54'22.15"E 35 km from Kotli
(A.Tamkeen) 18.7.2007.
Habitat: The specimens have been collected from pine forest range land and from dry grasses.
Distribution: Kashmir, Burma, Thailand, Malaysia.
Subfamily Acridinae
It is represented by 8 species under 3 genera.
Key to the local Genera of subfamily Acridinae
(Fig. 61, 63)
1. Hind femur with spine on both external and internal genicular
lobe (Fig.61)……………..….……………………….....….……Acrida Linnaeus
- Hind femur rounded or without external and internal genicular lobs…………….2
2. Lateral carina of pronotum straigt, continuous (Fig.62)………...…Phlaeoba Stål
- Lateral carina of pronotum diverging posteriorly (Fig.63)………Ceracris Walker
155
Fig.61. Acrida exaltata (Walker), Hind femur with spine on both external and
internal genicular lobe (lateral view).
Fig.62. Phlaeoba tenebrosa (Walker), Lateral carina of pronotum straight,
continuous (dorsal view)
156
Fig.63. Ceracris deflorata (Brunner von Waattenwyl), Lateral carina of
pronotum diverging posteriorly (dorsal view).
157
Genus Acrida Linnaeus,
It is represented by 3 species under one genera.
1758. Gryllus (Acrida) Linnaeus. Sys. Nat. Reg. nat. (10th ed.)1: 427.
1890. Acrida Kirby, Sci. Proc. R. Dublin Soc. 6:586.
1835. Tryxalis Brullé. In Audouin & Brullé. Hist. nat. ins. 9 [1] (5):216.
1909. Acrida (Acrida) Bolívar, Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 9:285.
1922. Acrida Chopard. Faune de France 3:141.
Type species: Gryllus turritus Linnaeus
The three identified species under this genus exactly tally with published description (Kirby, 1914; Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951; Dirsh, 1965; Ahmad,
1958) of this genus.
Key to the local species of genus Acrida
(Fig 64, 66)
1. Wings pinkish or black at basal half (Fig.64)…………..………exaltata (Walker)
- Wings not colored, transparent at basal half……………………………………...2
2. Body and tegmina with pinkish markings (Fig.65)..……...…….gigentea (Herbst,)
-Body and tegmina without pinkish markings, (Fig.66)…….…turrita (Linnaeus,)
158
Fig.64. Acrida exaltata (Walker), Wings pinkish (dorsal view).
Fig.65. Acrida gigentea (Herbst), Body with pinkish markings (dorsal view).
159
Fig.66. Acrida turrita (Linnaeus), Green morph (dorsal view).
160
Acrida exaltata (Walker)
1859. Truxalis exaltata Walker, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 3 4:222.
1893. Tryxalis brevicollis Bolívar, Feu. jeu. nat. 23:162, 164.
1910. Acrida exaltata Kirby, Syn. Cata. Orth. (Orth. Salt. Loc.Acrid.) 3(2):94.
1936. Acrida curta Uvarov. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 39:536.
1953. Acrida exaltata Dirsh & Uvarov.Tijdschr. v. Ent.96:232.
The collected species totally agree with published description (Kirby, 1914; Bei-
Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951; Bhowmik 1986; Wagan, 1990; Mahmood, 1995;
Usmani, et al., 2012) of this species.
Measurements 3 ♂ & 5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 29.1-41 57.60 5.80 29.1-41 35.24 4.29 H.L 6.2-9.4 11.77 1.56 6.2-9.4 7.76 1.22 P L 6-7 10.40 0.69 6-7 6.26 0.42 P W 3.4-4 6.13 0.81 3.4-4 3.76 0.33 T.L 25.4-33.2 48.47 7.71 25.4-33.2 29.06 2.85 Tg.W 4-5 6.37 0.55 4-5 4.26 0.42 H.F.L 19-23 33.00 5.20 19-23 21.22 1.48 Tb.L 17.2-22 31.77 6.27 17.2-22 20.52 2.21 W.Ex 54.8-70 103.07 16.23 54.8-70 61.86 5.52
161
Material examined: 8♀, Rawalakot 5500ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E
(Rehan, Huma, Samya) 10.11.2010; 1♀ Bhimber 1508 ft 32°58'35.07" N 74°04
'47.83"E50 km from Mirpur (Ansa Tamkeen) 6.10.2010; 3♀ Bagh 3781 ft
33°58'28.95" N 73°47'29.49"E (A.Tamkeen) 10.6.2008;5♀ Smahni 3198ft
33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E 30 km in the North East of Mirpur (A.Tamkeen)
6.10.2010; 1♀ 1♂ Dhirkot 5456 ft 34°01'53.54" N 73°34'19.71"E (A.Tamkeen)
23.8.2006; 2♂ Bindi Smahni (A.Tamkeen) 23.9.2007; 2♂ Garidoppata 2692ft, 24 km from Muzaffrabad (Adrees Ahmed Tahir) 22.8.2010; 1♂ Senhsa 2962 ft33°29'05.54" N 73°54'22.15"E , 35 km from Kotli (A.Tamkeen) 9.9.2007; 4♂
Kafful Garh 6497ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E(A.Tamkeen) 3.10.2009; 2♂
Hajeera Mandhol 5300ft (A.Tamkeen) 3.10.2008; 2♂Bir pani(A.Tamkeen)
27.8.2006; 3♂ Kotli 2334 ft 33°28'16.30" N 73°52'57.41"E Choch(A.Tamkeen)
27.10.2007; 1♂Jandi Chontra 3280ft , 67km from Mirpur (A.Tamkeen) 9.10.2007;
3♂ Siakh Dadyal 3198ft (A.Tamkeen)29.9.2007; 2♂Bindi Smahni 2050 ft
(A.Tamkeen) 23.9.2007;1♂ Choch (Kotli) 2624 ft 33°28'16.30" N 73°52'57.41"E
(A.Tamkeen) 22.9.2007.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from maize, sorghum and rice fields and fom tall grasses.
Distribution: Kashmir, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Yemen.
Acrida gigantea (Herbst)
1786. Truxalis giganteus Herbst. Archiv der Insectengeschichte. Herausgegeben
von Johan Caspar Fuessly 7-8:191.
162
1869. Truxalis giganteus Scudder, Smithson. misc. Coll. 8:83.
1910. Acrida gigantea Kirby, Syn. Cata. Orth. 3(2): 93.
2010. Acrida gigantea Azim & Reshi. Acta Zool. Mex. (n.s.) 26(1):220.
The species exactly similar with published description (Kirby, 1914; Ahmad, 1958;
Mahmood, 1995; Azim, et al., 2010, Usmani and Naeem 2012) of this species.
Measurements 5♂ & 5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 28-32 30.00 2.83 52.2-56 54.15 1.75
H.L 5.4-8 6.70 1.84 10.2-11.2 10.85 0.44
P L 5.1-6 5.55 0.64 9.2-10.1 9.68 0.44
P W 3.1-3.3 3.20 0.14 4.3-5.2 4.93 0.43
T.L 22.1-28 25.05 4.17 41-43 41.90 0.92
Tg.W 3.3-4.1 3.70 0.57 5-6.3 5.63 0.62
H.F.L 14.4-21.1 17.75 4.74 28-31.3 29.83 1.36
Tb.L 13-19.1 16.05 4.31 28-30.3 28.93 1.09
W.Ex 47.3-69.3 58.30 15.56 86.3-91.2 88.73 2.19
Material examined: ♀3♂1 Bagh 3781ft 33°58'28.95" N 73°47'29.49"E
(A.Tamkeen) 9.10.2008; ♀5 ♂1 Kotli 2334 ft 33°28'16.30" N 73°52'57.41"E
(A.Tamkeen) 14.10.2008; ♀27 ♂1 Rawalakot 5500ft 33°35'21.64" N
73°56'17.89"E (Samya) 27.10.2010; ♀3 Senhsa 2962ft33°29'05.15" N
73°54'22.15"E , 35 km from Kotli (A.Tamkeen) 9.10.2007.
163
Habitat: The species collected from barren field, maize, tall grasses and rocky mountians.
Distribution: Kashmir, India, Pakistan.
Acrida turrita (Linnaeus)
1758. Gryllus (Acrida) turritus Linnaeus. Sys. Nat. Reg. nat. (10th ed.) 1: 427.
1767. Gryllus (Acrida) turritus Linnaeus. Sys. Nat. Reg. nat. (12th ed.) 1, pt. 2:692.
1878. Acrida turrita Dubrony. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova 12:12.
1805. Truxalis tenuis Beauvois. Insectes recueillis en Afrique et en Amérique,
Orthopt-. 17.
1805. Truxalis rufescens Beauvois. Insectes recueillis en Afrique et en Amérique,
Orthopt. 17.
1889. Tryxalis carinulata Bolívar, J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat., Lisboa (Ser. 2)
1(2):90.
1936. Acrida turrita Bolívar, uvarovi Eos 11:408.
1949. Acrida sicula Dirsh. Eos 25:27.
1949. Acrida tunetana Dirsh. Eos 25:23.
1949. Acrida maroccana Dirsh. Eos 25:2.
1956. Acrida carinulata Johnston, Annot. Cata. Afri. Grasshoppers 656.
The specimens exactly similar with published description (Kirby, 1914; Ahmad,
1958; Mahmood, 1995) of this species.
164
Measurement 5 ♀ & 3♂ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 30.4-40.2 33.73 4.49 550-54.3 53.14 1.80 H.L 7.1-9.2 7.68 1.02 10.2-11.1 10.74 0.41 P L 6-7 6.25 0.50 9-10 9.54 0.44 P W 3.4-4 3.85 0.30 5.2-6 5.68 0.44 T.L 25-27 27.40 2.73 41-45 43.10 1.59 Tg.W 3.4-4 3.90 0.35 5.2-6 5.72 0.39 H.F.L 18.3-20.3 21.50 4.41 29-32 31.04 1.23 Tb.L 18-26.3 20.83 3.74 29.3-32 30.60 1.07 W.Ex 53.4-63.6 57.90 4.26 88-96 91.90 3.06
Materail examined: ♂36♀25 Rawalakot 5500ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E
(Hamid, Rizwan and Naveed) 1.10.2009; ♀1♂3 Muzaffrabad 3470 ft 34°22'16.64"
N73°28'16.29"E (Adrees Ahmed Tahir) 22.8.2006; ♀9 ♂11 Bagh 3781ft
33°58'28.95" N 73°47'29.49"E (A.Tamkeen) 29.9.2008; ♀3 ♂7 Kotli 2334 ft
33°28'16.30" N 73°52'57.41"E (A.Tamkeen) 14.8.2008,♀4♂2 Chikaar 4120ft
(Khalid) 18.8.2007;♂11 Hajeera 3111ft 33°46'17.96" N73°53'45.42"E
(A.Tamkeen) ;3.10.2008; ♂1 Dhirkot 5456 ft 34°01'53.54" N 73°34'19.71"E
(A.Tamkeen) 23.8.2008;♂2 Garidoppata 2692 ft 24 km from Muzaffrabad (Adrees
Ahmed) 23.8.2006.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from maize field, from tall grasses and found causing damage to maize crop.
Distribution: Kashmir, China, South Korea, North Korea, Morocco, Mali, Chad,
Moritania, Mongolia, Libya, Niger.
165
Genus Phlaeoba Stål, It is represented by 2 species under one genus.
1860. Phlaeoba Stål. Kongliga Sven. Zool. 2(1): 340.
1873. Phlaeoba Stål. Rec. Orth. Linné, De Geer et Thunberg 1: 92, 107.
1890. Phleoba Bolívar, An. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. 19:310.
1901. Phloeoba Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 53: 371.
Type species: Gomphocerus rusticus Stål
The species exactly similar to the published description (Kirby, 1914; Bei-Bienko
& Mishchenko, 1951; Wagan, 1990) of this genus.
Key to the local species of Genus Phlaeoba
(Fig.67, 68)
1. Vertex with long lateral carina, extending on to the occiput reaching the posterior end of head (Fig.67)……………..………………...…tenebrosa (Walker,)
- Vertex with short lateral carina, extending on to the occiput not reaching the posterior end of head (Fig.68)……………….… infumata Brunner von Wattenwyl,
166
Fig.67. Phlaeoba tenebrosa (Walker), Vertex with long lateral carina (dorsal
view).
Fig.68. Phlaeoba infumata Brunner von Wattenwyl, Vertex with short lateral
carina (dorsal view).
167
Phlaeoba tenebrosa (Walker,)
1871. Opomala tenebrosa Walker, Cata. Spec. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. Suppl.:53
1910. Phlaeoba tenebrosa Kirby, A Syn. Cata. Orth. Salt. Locust. vel Acridid.
3(2):138.
The collected specimens exactly similar with published description (Bei-Bienko &
Mishchenko, 1951) of this species.
Measurements 3 ♂ & 3 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 23-23 23 0.00 28-31 30 1.41 H.L 4-4 4 0.00 5-5 5 0.00 P L 4-4 4.00 0.00 6-6.1 6.03 0.05 P W 4-4 4.00 0.00 4-5 4.1 0.00 T.L 20-22 21.00 1.00 25.2-26 25.7 3.43 Tg.W 5-5 5.00 0.00 4-5 4.52 0.46 H.F.L 14-15 14.33 0.58 14.4-18 16.5 1.36 Tb.L 13-14 13.33 0.58 14-16 14.9 0.78 W.Ex 44-48 45.53 2.73 41-60 51.96 7.01
The species exactly similar with the published record (Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko,
1951).
Material examined: 1♀, Bagh 3781ft 33°58'28.95" N 73°47'29.49"E.
(A.Tamkeen) 17.8.2008; 1♂ 1♀, Smahni 3198ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°5'17.89"E, 30 km in the North East of Mirpur (A.Tamkeen) 2.8.2010; 1♀ Abbaspur 4270ft
168
33°48'52.64" N 73°58'32.48"E (G. Farid) 2.10.2008; 2♂ Rawalakot 5500ft
33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E (Rehan)18.9.2010.
Habitat: The specimens have been collected from tall grasses, rice fields and fruit orchards.
Distribution: Kashmir, China, Burma.
Phlaeoba infumata Brunner von Wattenwyl
1893. Phlaeoba infumata Brunner von Wattenwyl. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat.
Genova 2 13(33):124.
The collected species exactly similar with published description (Kirby, 1914; Bei-
Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951; Bhowmik 1986; Mahmood, 1995; Usmani and
Naeem 2012) of this species. Comparison of morphological characters showed minor differences.
Measurements 5♂ & 5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 22.2-22.3 23.00 0.00 30.4-31.2 30.87 0.42 H.L 4 4 4.00 0.00 4.4-5 4.80 0.35 P L 5 5 5.00 0.00 6-6.1 6.03 0.06 P W 4 4 4.00 0.00 3-5 4.52 0.45 T.L 19.3-22 21.00 1.00 23.1-28 25.62 1.96 Tg.W 4 4 4.00 0.00 4.2-4.4 4.52 0.46 H.F.L 14-15 14.66 0.58 16.3-17.3 16.93 0.55 Tb.L 13-14 13.33 0.58 15-16.2 15.73 0.64 W.Ex 42.6-48 46.00 2.00 54.5-56.1 55.57 0.92
169
Material examined: ♀5♂1 Bagh 3781ft 33°58'28.95" N 73°47'29.49"E
(A.Tamkeen) 20.10.2010; ♀5♂1 Smahni 3198ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E,
30 km in the Norh East of Mirpur (A.Tamkeen) 2.8.2010; 4♀ 1♂, Rawalakot
5500ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E (Rehan) 18.92010; ♀1♂1 Abbaspur 4270ft
33°48'52.64" N 73°58'32.48"E (A.Tamkeen) 2.10.2008; 1♀ Kotli 2334 ft
33°28'16.30" N 73°52'57.41"E (A.Tamkeen) 14.10.2008; ♀2♂1 Smahni 3198ft
33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E 30 km in the Norh East of Mirpur (A.Tamkeen)
14.8.2007; ♂1 Choch (Kotli) 2624 ft 33°28'16.30" N 73°52'57.41"E (A.Tamkeen)
27.9.2007.
Habitat: The specimens have been collected from grasses in thorney shrubs and barren fields.
Distribution: Pakistan, Kashmir, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Malaysia.
Genus Ceracris Walker,
This genus is represented by 3 species.
1870. Ceracris Walker, Cata. Spec. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. 4: 721,790.
Type species: Ceracris nigricornis Walker,
The collected species exactly conform with published description (Kirby, 1914) of this genus.
Key to the local species of genus Ceracris
(Fig. 69, 71)
1. Hind femur red on ventral side (Fig. 69).…vercicolor (Brunner von Wattenwyl)
170
- Hind femur not red, yellowish on ventral side…………………….…………....2
2. Hind tibia blue (Fig.70)……………………deflorata (Brunner von Wattenwyl,)
-Hind tibia black (Fig.71)…………………...………………..nigricornis Walker,
171
Fig.69. Ceracris vercicolor Brunner von Wattenwyl, Hind femur red on ventral side (ventral view).
Fig.70. Ceracris deflorata Brunner von Wattenwyl, Hind tibia blue (ventral view).
172
Fig.71. Ceracris nigricornis Brunner von Wattenwyl, Hind tibia black
(lateral view).
173
Ceracris versicolor (Brunner von Wattenwyl)
1893. Duronia versicolor Brunner von Wattenwyl Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat.
Genova Ser. 2 (13)33:126.
1921. Ceracris nigricornis Uvarov, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 9 7:486.
1951. Ceracris Willemse, Publ. natuurhist.Genootsch. Limburg 4:69.
1951. Ceracris nigricornis Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko. Locusts and Grasshoppers
of the U.S.S.R. and Adj. Count. 2: 463.
The given species exactly similar with published description (Kirby, 1914; Bei-
Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951).
Measurements 5 ♀ (mm)
Female
Range Mean SD
B.L 30-31 30.3 0.58
H.L 5-5.1 5.02 0.06
P L 4.4-6 5.2 0.80
P W 4.2-5 4.5 0.44
T.L 19.4-24.2 21.9 2.40
Tg.W 4-4.2 4.1 0.10
H.F.L 15-17 15.7 1.10
Tb.L 13.2-16 14.5 1.41
W.Ex 43-53.4 48.2 5.20
Material examined: ♀2 Bagh 3781ft 33°58'28.95" N 73°47'29.49"E (A.Tamkeen)
16.8.2008; ♀2 Dadyal 3198ft 33°19'45.44" N 73°41'56.87"E
174
(A.Tamkeen) 9.7.2008.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from grasses, thorny bushes.
New Record: This species has been recorded for the first time from Azad Jammu & Kashmir.
Distribution: Kashmir, Burma, Thailand.
Ceracris deflorata (Brunner von Wattenwyl,)
1893. Duronia deflorata Brunner von Wattenwyl. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat.
Genova 2 13(33):126.
1914. Phlaeoba cinctalis Kirby, Fauna of British India. (Acrididae) 105.
1995. Ceracris deflorata Otte, D. Orthoptera Species File 4:256.
This species exactly resemble with published description (Kirby, 1914).
Measrements 4♂ & 4 ♀ (mm) Male Female Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 18.1-20 19.05 1.10 25.4-29 27.425 1.52 H.L 4-4.1 4.03 0.05 5-5 5 0.00 P L 4-5 4.6 0.49 5.2-6.1 5.825 0.42 P W 3-4 3.35 0.47 3.4-4 3.85 0.30 T.L 15-16.4 15.8 0.71 20.1-23 20.825 1.45 Tg.W 3-3.4 3.1 0.20 3.2-4 3.5 0.35 H.F.L 12.1-13 12.48 0.38 15.2-16 15.3 0.48
Tb.L 11-12.3 11.93 0.56 14.1-15 14.325 0.45
W.Ex 33-36.8 34.95 1.84 43.6-50 45.5 3.02
175
Material examined: ♀4 Bagh 3781ft 33°58'28.95" N 73°47'29.49"E (A.Tamkeen)
5.9.2008; ♀1♂1 Smahni 3198ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E, 30 km in the
North East of Mirpur (A.Tamkeen) 5.7.2008; ♂2 Dadyal 3198ft 33°19'45.44" N
73°41'56.87"E (A.Tamkeen) 5.7.2008;♂1 Abaspur 4270ft 33°48'52.64" N
73°58'32.48"E (A.Tamkeen) 18.9.2008; ♂2 Pir gali 1752 ft 3280ft
33°11'17.26" N 73°54'34.37"E (A.Tamkeen) 6.7.2008.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from grasses range land having pine trees.
New Record: This species has been recorded for the first time from Azad Jammu
& Kashmir.
Distribution: Kashmir, Burma, Bangladesh.
Ceracris nigricornis nigricornis Walker,
1870. Ceracris nigricornis Walker, Cata. Spec. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. 4:791.
1921. Geea conspicua Caudell, Proc. Entom. Soc. Washington 23(2):30.
1998. Ceracris nigricornis nigricornis Jiang, G. & Z. Zheng. Grasshoppers and
Locusts from Guangxi 219.
This species exactly similar with published description (Kirby, 1914) 6.6mm difference in tegmen length was found.
176
Measurements 2 ♂ & 5 ♀ (mm) Male Female Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 20-22 21 1.41 26-30 27.62 1.52 H.L 4-4.3 4.15 0.21 4.4-6 5.08 0.58 P L 4.2-5 4.6 0.57 5.2-5.4 5.44 0.32 P W 3.1-3.2 3.15 0.07 4-4.2 4.06 0.09 T.L 12-15.3 13.65 2.33 19-20.3 19.66 0.61 Tg.W 3-3 3 0.00 3-4 3.28 0.41 H.F.L 13-13.4 13.2 0.28 15-16.3 15.74 0.53 Tb.L 11.4-12 11.7 0.42 14-15 14.56 0.43 W.Ex 27.2-33.1 30.15 4.17 42-44.6 43.38 1.23
Materail examined: ♀5,♂1 Pir gali 1854 ft 33°16'37.04" N 73°52'06.02"E
(A.Tamkeen) 5.7.2008; ♂1 Smahni 3198ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E , 30 km in the North East of Mirpur (A.Tamkeen) 6.7.2008.
Habitat: The specimens of this species has been collected from grasses, maize & vegetable fields.
New Record: This species has been recorded for the first time from Azad Jammu
& Kashmir.
Distribution: Kashmir, China, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan,South Korea, North Korea.
177
Subfamily Oedipodinae
It is represented by 16 species under 13 genera.
Key to the local genera of subfamily Oedipodinae
(Fig.72, 84)
1. Median carina of pronotum intersercted by one tranverse groove……………….2
- Median carina of pronotum intersected by 2- 3 grooves ……..………………..10
2. Pronotum with median carina raised tectiform ……….…...……………………3
- Pronotum with median carina linear not raised; pronotum saddle shaped .……6
3. Body large; wings transparent at base; body ventrally covered with dense long
hairs (Fig.72).…………………………………..……………Locusta Linnaeus,
- Body medium size; wings colored at base; body ventrally covered with sparse short hairs…….…………………….………………………..……..………………4
4. Head and pronotum with deep pits and rougae (Fig.73); wings without dark bands, rosy red at base, apically smoky ……….…………..…Pternoscirta Saussure
- Head and pronotum with shallow pits, without rugae wings without complete dark bands; colored at base, apically transparent…….…..…..………….…….……5
5. Wings yellow at base (Fig.74); tegmina less densly reticulated in the basal half; dark brown with two yellow bands.….…..……….………Gastrimargus (Saussure)
- Wings purple red at base (Fig.75); tegmina very densly reticulated in the basal half light brown without any band ….……….…………….…Scintharista Saussure
178
6. Hind femur with ledge at posterior end (Fig.76); wings brick red at
base ……………………..………………………….….……...Oedipoda Latreille
- Hind femur without ledge at posterior end; wings not brick red at base
……………………...…..………………………………………………………...…7
7. Pronotum with x- shaped markings (Fig.77); spurious vein present equidistant to media and cubitus …………………….……...……………….……Oedaleus Fieber
- Pronotum without x- shaped markings; sporious vein present closer to media
………………………………………………………………………………………8
8. Median field in front of suporius median vein with strongly slopping cross veins
(Fig.78); metazona of pronotum golden yellow dorsally and laterally
……………………………………………………………….…..Heteropternus Stål
- Median field in front of sporius median vein without slopping cross veins; metazoanaof pronotum not colored…………………………………………………9
9. Foveole long, trapezoidal reaching at the end of fastigium (Fig.79); meso sternal interspace significantly wider than long..………………………..…Aiolopus Fieber
- Foveole triangular hardly reaching the fastigium of vertex (Fig.80); meso sternsal interspace hardly wider than long or narrow than long
……………………………………………………………...... Epacromius Uvarov
10. Median carina of pronotum deeply intersected, look bifid (Fig.81); occiput with pair of tubercles…………………..……………………Trilophidia (Thunberg)
179
- Median carina of pronotum not deeply intersected not bifid; occiput without pair of tubercles……………………………………………………………………11
11. Wings blue at basal half (Fig.82), wings with well marked transvers bands, body dusty blue…..……………………………..………….Sphingonotus Saussure
- Wings slightly bluish or yellowish at base with light dark bands medially; body dusty not blue ……..……………………………………....………...……12
12. Head and pronotum with white lateral bands on ventral margin (Fig.83); wings without lunar shaped dark bands ………………....……….…Leptopternis Saussure
- Head and pronotum without white leteral bands on ventral margin; wings with lunar shaped dark bands (Fig.84)..……………………..………… Acrotylus Fieber
180
Fig.72. Locusta migratoria migratoria (Linnaeus), Body ventrally covered
with dense long hairs (lateral view).
Fig.73. Pternoscirta cinctifemur (Walker), Head and pronotum with deep pits and rougae (dorsal view).
181
Fig.74. Gastrimargus africanus africanus (Sassure) Wings yellow at base
(dorsal view).
Fig.75. Scintharista notabilis notabilis (Walker), (dorsal view) Wings purple red at base.
182
Fig.76. Oedipoda neelumensis Mahmood & Yousaf, Hind femur with ledge at its posterior end (dorsal view).
Fig.77. Oedaleus abruptus (Thunberg), Pronotum with x- shaped markings
(dorsal view).
183
Fig.78. Heteropternus thoracica (Walker), Median field in front of suporius median vein with strongly slopping cross veins (dorsal view).
Fig.79. Aiolopus thalassinus tumulus (Fabricius), Foveoli long, trapezoidal reaching at the end of fastigium (dorsal view).
184
Fig.80. Epacromius coerulipes (Ivanov), Foveole triangular hardly reaching the fastigium of vertex (frontal view).
Fig.81. Trilophidia annulata (Thunberg), Median carina of pronotum deeply intersected, look bifid; occiput with pair of tubercles (dorsal view).
185
Fig.82. Sphingonotus longipennis Saussure, Wings blue at basal half, wings with well marked transvers band (dorsal view).
Fig.83. Leptopternis gracilis (Eversmann), Head and pronotum with white lateral bands on ventral margin (lateral view).
186
Fig.84. Acrotylus humbertianus Sassure, Wings yellowish at base with lunar shaped black band (dorsal view).
187
Genus Locusta Linnaeus,
1758. Gryllus (Locusta) Linnaeus. Sys. Nat. per Regna tria naturae (10th ed.) 1:431.
1804. Acrydium Latreille. Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins. 12:282.
1827. Oedipus Berthold. In Latreille. Natürliche Familien des Thierreichs 411
1890. Plachytylus Krauss. Verh. der Zoologisch- Botanischen Gesellsch. Wien
40:206.
1890. Locusta Kirby, Sci. Proc. R. Dublin Soc. 6:590.
Type species: Gryllus migratorius Linnaeus
The collected specimens of this species completely agree with published description (Bei- Bienko & Mishchenko 1951, Dirsh, 1965) of this genus.
Locusta migratoria migratoria (Linnaeus,)
1758. Gryllus (Locusta) migratorius Linnaeus. Systema Naturae per Regna tria
naturae (10th ed.) 1:432.
1767. Gryllus (Locusta) danicus Linnaeus. Systema Naturae per Regna tria naturae
(12th ed.) 1, pt. 2:702.
1815. Gryllus migratorius Thunberg. Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Peterburg 5:243.
1835. Acrydium migratorium Lamarck. Hist. nat. Anim. sans Vert. 4(2nd Ed.): 444.
1850. Oedipoda migratoria Selys-Longchamps. Bull. Acad. roy. Belg. (sci.)
16(2):626-628.
1859. Pachytylus migratorius Eversmann. Bull. Soc. imp. natur. Moscau
32(1):139.
1884. Pachytylus australis Saussure. Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve
188
28(9):120.
1920. Locusta danica Sjöstedt. Ark. Zool. 12(20):12.
1922. Locusta migratoria danica Chopard. Faune de France 3:134, 162.
1922. Locusta migratoria. Chopard. Faune de France 3:134, 161.
1929. Locusta rossica Uvarov & Zolotarevsky. Bull. Ent. Res. 20:263.
1930. Locusta migratoria migratoria Willemse, Tijdschr. v. Entomologie 73:208.
1955. Locusta migratoria solitaria Carthy.Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 12 8:831-833.
1975. Locusta migratoria migratoria Harz. Ser. Entomol. 11: 466 Note: Syn.
The collected specimens completely agree with the published description (Bei-
Bienko & Mishchenko 1951; Shahid, 1964; Wagan, 1990; Mahmood et al., 2008;
Azim et al., 2010; Usmani and Naeem. 2012) of this species.
Measurements 5 ♂ & 5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 19-37 31.4 7.09 45-48 46.4 1.82 H.L 4-5 4.7 0.45 5-6 5.66 0.48 P L 8-8 8 0.00 8-11 9.8 1.10 P W 8-8 8 0.00 8-9.4 8.3 0.62 T.L 37-38 37.6 0.55 39-48 45.7 4.02 Tg.W 8-8 8 0.00 10-11 10.4 0.55 H.F.L 19-22 20 1.41 23-25 24.2 0.84 Tb.L 17-20 18.6 1.14 21-25 23 1.58 W.Ex 82-84 83.2 1.10 86-106 99.7 8.27
189
Material Examined: ♀6 ♂6 shounter nala 8325 ft 34°54'26.40" N 74°24'49.57"E
(A.Tamkeen) 12.9.2007; ♀1 Dadyal 3198 ft 33°19'45.44" N 73°41'56.87"E
(A.Tamkeen) 19.8.07; ♀1 Rawalakot 5500ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E
(A.Tamkeen) 22.8.2008.
Habitat: This species have been collected from range land, pine forest of mountaneous areas.
Distribution: Pakistan, India, South Africa, Kazakhstan, New Zealand, Nepal,
Burma, Thailand.
Genus Pternoscirta Saussure,
1884. Pternoscirta Saussure. Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve 28(9):52, 127
Type species: Acrydium cinctifemur Walker
The collected species completely agree with the published description (Kirby,
1914) of this genus.
Pternoscirta cinctifemur (Walker,)
1859. Acrydium cinctifemur Walker, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 3 4:223.
1870. Oedipoda saturata Walker, Catal. Spec.Derm. Brit. Mus. 4:740.
1884. Pternoscirta humbertiana Saussure.Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve
28(9):127.
1902. Pternoscirta humbertiana Bolívar, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 70:602
1910. Pternoscirta cinctifemur Kirby, Syn. Cata. Orth. 3(2):217.
1910. Mesambria cinctifemur Kirby, Syn. Cata. Orth. 3(2):440.
190
1914. Pternoscirta cinctifemur Kirby, Fauna of British India, Orthoptera
(Acrididae) 134.
1927. Pternoscirta cinctifemur Uvarov. Spolia Zeylanica 14(1):109.
The collected specimens completely agree with the published description (Kirby,
1914; Bhowmik 1986; Mahmood et al., 2008; Azim et al., 2010) of this species.
Measurements 2♂& 2 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 25-26 25.5 0.7 30- 30 30 0 H.L 4 4 0 5-5 5 0 P L 6-6.5 6.25 0.35 6.3-7.5 6.9 0.85 P W 5-5 5 0 6-7 6.5 0.71 T.L 26-29 27.5 2.12 29-30 29.5 0.71 Tg.W 5-6 5.5 0.7 5-6 5.5 0.7 H.F.L 10-15 12.5 3.53 17-18 17.5 0.7 Tb.L 12-13 12.5 0.7 15-15 15 0 W.Ex 57-63 60 4.24 46-65 64.5 0.7
Material examined: ♀1 Bagh 3781ft 33°58'28.95" N 73°47'29.49"E (A.Tamkeen)
18.8.2008, ♀1 Rawalakot 5500ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E ( A.Tamkeen)
2.7.2008; ♂2 Pir gali 1854 ft 33°16'37.04" N 73°52'06.02"E (A.Tamkeen)
18.8.2008.
Habitat: The specimens have been collected from maize field and grasses, mixed vegetable fields.
Distribution: Kashmir, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India.
191
Genus Gastrimargus Saussure,
1884. Oedaleus (Gastrimargus) Saussure.Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve
28(9):110.
2009. Gastrimargulus Benediktov. Russian Entomol. J. 18(1):23.
Type species: Gryllus virescens Thunberg
The collected species with two subspecies exactly agree with pulished description
(Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko 1951; Ritchie 1982) of this genus.
Key to the local subspecies of Gastrimargus africanus (Sassure)
1. Wings basally yellowish ...... ……………….. africanus sulphureus Bei-Bienko
- Wings bright yellow at the base …..……...…….africanus africanus (Saussure,)
Gastrimargus africanus sulphureus Bei-Bienko,
1951. Gastrimargus sulphureus Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko. Locusts and
Grasshoppers of the U.S.S.R. and Adjacent Countries 2:580[224].
1963. Gastrimargus sulphureus Shumakov. Trudy Vses. Entomol. Obshch.49:144.
1982. Gastrimargus africanus sulphureus Ritchie, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent.
44(4):250.
The collected specimens exactly similar with the pulished description (Bei-Bienko
& Mishchenko 1951; Ritchie,1981; Mahmood et al., 1999; Azim et al., 2010) of this species,except measurements which are given below.
192
Measurement 10 ♀ & 10♂(mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 19-28.2 24.06 2.55 33-40 36.51 2.58
H.L 4-5 4.72 0.45 5-6 5.31 0.38 P L 6-8 7.2 0.56 9-10 9.5 0.52 P W 5-7 5.71 0.81 6-8 7.04 0.6 T.L 21.2-28 22.64 5.24 29-36 32.7 2.79 Tg.W 6-6.3 6.05 0.11 7-8 7.45 0.41 H.F.L 10-19 15.44 3.47 20-25 21.61 1.69 Tb.L 10-17 13.1 3.12 19-21 20.13 0.96 W.Ex 47.6-63 55.3 4.85 64.4-84 72.94 6.74
Material examined : ♀60♂106 Tau But 6878 ft (A.Tamkeen)10.9.2007; ♀18
♂108 Surgon (Altaf) 8.9.2007; ♀10 ♂14 Doba 10150ft (A.Tamkeen) 13.9.2007;
♂1 Garhi Dopatta 2692 ft ,24 km from Muzaffrabad (Khalid) 22.8.2007; ♂9 Kel
7137 ft 34°49'29.37"N 74°21'43.94"E 19 km from sharda (A.Tamkeen) 12.9.2007;
♂6 ♀ 5 Halmat 7540ft (A.Tamkeen)10.9.2007; ♂9 Cami Forest 5425 ft
(A.Tamkeen) 7.9.2007; ♂1 Komi Kot 9590 ft (Khalid)18.8.2007; ♂3 ♀2
Shounter Nala 6326ft 34°54'26.40" N 74°24'49.57"E (A.Tamkeen) 9.9.2007.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from range lands grasses and pine forest area having sparse vegetation.
Distribution: Kashmir, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Afghanistan, Yemen, South Africa,
Mali, Burma, Chad, Thailand.
193
Gastrimargus africanus africanus (Saussure,)
1888. Oedaleus (Gastrimargus) marmoratus africana Saussure.Mem. Soc. Phys.
Hist. Nat. Geneve 30(1):39.
1928. Gastrimargus africanus Sjöstedt.variety zebrata. Svenska Vetens.
Akad.Handl. 3 6(1):11.
1928. Gastrimargus africanus orientalis Sjöstedt.K. Svenska Vetens. Akad. Handl.
3 6(1):11.
1929. Gastrimargus africanus Sjöstedt. Ark. Zool. 20 A(15):8.
1982. Gastrimargus africanus africanus Ritchie, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent.
44(4):248.
The collected specimens exactly tally with published description (Ritchi, 1982;
Mahmood et al., 1999) of this sub species.
Measurements 5♂& 5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 19.2-28 24.58 2.45 34-38 35.56 1.43 H.L 4-5 4.17 0.31 5-5.3 5.09 0.11 P L 6.3-8 7.06 0.41 8-10 9.2 0.72 P W 5-6 5.67 0.43 7-8.2 7.57 0.46 T.L 25-30.3 27.12 1.4 33-38 34.94 1.76 Tg.W 5.4-7 6.06 0.39 6.3-8 7.33 0.58 H.F.L 14-17.3 16.28 1.04 19-23 21.36 1.14 Tb.L 10-16 14.48 1.86 18-21 19.57 1 61.8- W.Ex 66.6 57.11 2.78 72.3-79.4 78.11 3.62
194
Material examined : ♂12 ♀ 7 Mirpur 1506 ft 33.14°N 73.77°E (A.Tamkeen)
8.10.2007; ♂10 ♀14 Kotli 3280ft 33.52°N 73.29°E (A.Tamkeen) 9-10-2007; 2
♂1♀ Rawalakot 5500 ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E (Muhammad Asif)
25.6.2008; 1♂1♀ Chakothi 3719 ft 34°06'46.40" N 73°52'57.34"E, 59 km from
Muzaffrabad (A.Tamkeen) ♀7 Abbaspur 4270ft 33°48'52.64" N 73°58'32.48"E ;
♀11 ♂1 Bagh 4920ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E; ♀1 Garidoppata 2692ft, 24 km from Muzaffrabad (A.Tamkeen) 18.8.2006; ♂2 ♀ 2 Bhimber 1508 ft
33°58'35.07" N 73°04 '47.83"E, 50 km from Mirpur (Idrees Ahmed Tahir)
18.8.2006; ♂2 Plandri 4325ft 33°42'45.55" N 73°41'19.94"E (Ansa Tamkeen)
3.10.2010; ♂6 Bagh 4920ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E (A.Tamkeen) 8.9.2008;
♂1 Hajeera 3111ft 33°46'17.96"N 73°53'45.42"E 29 km from Rawalakot
(A.Tamkeen) 18.9.2008
Habitat: This subspecies has been collected from range land and grasses, field crops having oat, maize and found causing damage to maize crop.
Distribution: Pakistan, Kashmir, India, Sri Lanka, Africa, Madagascar,
Afghanistan, Burma, Tanzania.
Genus Scintharista Saussure,
1884. Scintharista Saussure. Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve 28(9):51.
1884. Conistica Saussure. Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve 28(9):135.
1886. Quiroguesia Bolívar, An. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. 15:515.
1995. Scintharista Otte, Orthoptera Species File 5:372, 373.
195
Type species: Scintharista brunneri Saussure
The single collected species exactly agree with published description (Bei- Bienko
& Mishchenko, 1951) of this genus.
Scintharista notabilis notabilis (Walker,)
1943. Scintharista notabilis Chopard. Faune de l'Empire Français 1:292
1956. Scintharista notabilis notabilis Johnston, Annot. Cata. African Grasshoppers
578.
The collected specimens exactly similar with published descriptions (Bei-Bienko &
Mishchenko 1951) of this species.
Measurements 5 ♀ (mm) Female Range Mean SD
B.L 39-48 42.2 3.43 H.L 6.5-7 6.8 0.44 P L 9.5-11.5 10.1 0.79 P W 7-8 7.62 0.52 T.L 38-41 40 1.22 Tg.W 9-10 9.7 0.44 H.F.L 23-25.5 24.3 1.2 Tb.L 19-21.2 20 0.99 W.Ex 85-90 87.8 1.8
196
Material examined: ♀4 Kafful Garh 6497 ft (A.Tamkeen) 24.8.06; 6♀ Bagh
3781ft 33°58'28.95" N 73°47'29.49"E (A.Tamkeen) 18.8.2008; ♀3 Kahuta 4870 ft
33°53'50.76" N 73°06'30.76"E (A.Tamkeen) 4.9.2010; ♀4 Hajeera 3111ft
33°46'17.96"N 73°53'45.42"E 29 from Rawalakot ( A.Tamkeen) 4.10.2010.
Habitat: This species has been collected from grasses near road side, bushes and range land.
Distribution: Kashmir, Pakistan, India, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Chad, Spain,
Nigeria.
Genus Oedipoda Latreille,
1829. Oedipoda Latreille. In Cuvier. Règne animal 2(5):188.
1910. Oedipoda Kirby, Syn. Cata. Orth. 3(2):238.
1995. Oedipoda Otte, D. Orthoptera Species File 5:376.
2008. Oedipoda Usmani. Zootaxa 1946:33.
Type species: Gryllus caerulescens Linnaeus
The collected specimens of a single species exactly tally with published description
(Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko 1951; Dirsh, 1965) of this genus.
Oedipoda neelumensis Mahmood & Yousuf
1999. Oedipoda neelumensis Mahmood, K. & Yousuf. Jour. Orth. Res. 8:272.
The collected specimens of a single species exactly tally with published description (Mahmood et al., 1999) of this species.
197
Measurements 3♂ & 5 ♀ (mm) Male Female Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 23-24 23.2 0.44 17-18.3 17.53 0.67 H.L 4-4.4 4.2 0.19 4-4.5 4.23 0.25 P.L 6-6.4 6.08 0.18 4.3-5 4.60 0.37 P.W 4.5-5.2 4.94 0.26 4-4.5 4.17 4.17 Tg.L 22-23 22.2 0.43 16-18.2 17.40 1.22 Tg.W 5-6 5.36 0.38 4-4.3 4.10 0.17 Tb.L 11-12 11.2 0.44 9-10 9.50 0.71 W.Ex 48-51.2 49.4 1.04 36.5-40.3 38.93 2.11
Material examined : ♀6, 3♂ Neelum 6878ft.
Habitat: These species have been collected from thorny bushes and grasses.
Distribution: Kashmir.
Genus Oedaleus Fieber,
1853. Oedipoda (Oedaleus) Fieber. Lotos 3:126.
1920. Oedalius Sjöstedt. Ark. Zool. 12(20):11.
1922. Oedaleus Chopard. Faune de France 3:161.
Type species: Acrydium decorus Germar
The collected specimens of this species agree with pulished description (Kirby,
1914; Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko 1951; Dirsh, 1965; Ritchie, 1981) of this genus.
198
Oedaleus abruptus (Thunberg,)
1815. Gryllus abruptus Thunberg.Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Peterburg 5:233.
1824. Gryllus Thunberg. Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Peterburg 9:412.
1902. Oedaleus abruptus Bolívar, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 70:602.
The collected specimens exactly similar with the pulished description (Bei-Bienko
& Mishchenko 1951; Dirsh, 1965; Ritchie, 1981; Bhowmik 1986; Mahmood et al.,
1999; Azim et al., 2010) of this species.
Measurements 5♂ & 5 ♀ (mm) Male Female Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 15-18 16.1 1.22 20-23 21.14 1.24 H.L 3-4.1 3.46 0.54 4 4 0 P L 4.4- 5 4.88 0.26 4.5-5.4 4.98 0.32 P W 4-5 4.58 0.42 4-5 4.56 0.43 T.L 16-18 16.5 0.84 20-22 20.8 1.09 Tg.W 3.2-3.4 3.18 0.18 3.4-4.3 3.94 0.33 H.F.L 11-13 11.5 0.87 11.5-15 13.2 1.25 Tb.L 10-11.3 10.5 0.45 11-13 11.98 0.76 W.Ex 36-41 37.8 1.89 44-49 46.16 2.39
Material examined: ♀21♂2 Bagh 4920ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E ft
(A.Tamkeen) 8.9.2008, ♂2 Senhsa 2962ft 33°29'05.15" N 73°54'22.15"E
(A.Tamkeen) 14.10.2008; ♀1 ♂1 Chakswari 1500 ft 4939ft 33°15'16.55" N
73°46'04.16"E 44 km from Mirpur (A.Tamkeen) 5.7.2008, ♀1 Choch (Kotli) 2624 ft 33°28'16.30" N 73°52'57.41"E (A.Tamkeen) 27.9.2008; ♀5 ♂4 Dadyal 3198ft
199
33°19'45.44" N 73°41'56.87"E (A.Tamkeen) 20-9-2007, ♀29 ♂8 Rawalakot 5500 ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E (A.Tamkeen) 7.10.2009; ♀1 Bhimber 1508 ft
32°58'35.07" N 74°04 '47.83"E,50 km from Mirpur (A.Tamkeen) 5.10.2006.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from mixed vegetation, herbs and shrubs, maize and sorghum fields.Found causing damage to maize and sorghum crops.
Distribution: Kashmir, India, China, Nepal, Thailand, Myanmar, Sri Lanka,
Mongolia, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan.
Genus Heteropternis Stål
1873. Heteropternis Stål. Recencio Orthopterorum. Revue critique des
Orthoptères décrits par Linné, De Geer et Thunberg 1:177, 128.
Type species: Heteropternis pyrrhoscelis Stål
The collected species exactly similar with published description (Kirby, 1914; Bei-
Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951; Dirsh, 1965) of this genus.
Heteropternis thoracica (Walker)
1870. Epacromia thoracica Walker, Cata. Spe. Derm.Salt. Brit. Mus. 4:769.
1870. Epacromia partita Walker, Cata. Spe. Derm.Salt. Brit. Mus. 4:605-801.
1888. Heteropternis hyalina Saussure Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve 30(1):46.
1899. Heteropternis junodiana Schulthess Schindler. Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sc. nat.
35:204.
1910. Heteropternis kilimandjarica Sjöstedt. In Sjöstedt [Ed.]. Abteilung 15-22.
200
1912. Heteropternis affinissima Bolívar, Mem. Soc. entom. Belgique, Bruxelles
19:73-99.
1912. Heteropternis antennata Bolívar, Mem. Soc. entom. Belgique, Bruxelles 19:73-99. 1925. Heteropternis thoracica Uvarov Trans. Entomol. Soc. London 3-4:277.
The specimens exactly similar with pulished description (Kirby, 1914; Mahmood et al., 1999) of this species.The given species previously reported from Azad Kashmir by (Mahmood, 1999) as Heteropternis partita (Walker) which according to
Orthoptera Species File placed under Heteropternis thoracica.
Measurements 5 ♀ (mm)
Female
Range Mean SD
B.L 24-30 25.8 2.39
H.L 4-4.4 4.2 0.16
P L 5-5.4 5.2 0.14
P W 5-5.1 5.02 0.04
T.L 25-26 25.4 0.53
Tg.W 5.1-6 5.82 0.40
H.F.L 14-16 15.1 0.93
Tb.L 11.3-12 12.3 0.73
W.Ex 53.2-57.2 55.6 1.68
Material examined: ♀ 3 Kahuta 4270 ft 33°53'50.76" N 74°06'30.76"E (Muzffar)
6.8.2010, ♀11 Rawalakot 5500ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E (Tamoor)
6.8.2010;♀ 3 Plandri 4325ft 33°42'45.55" N 73°41'19.94"E (Saad) 3.8.2010.
201
Habitat: The specimens have been collected from grasses, bushes near road sides.
Distribution: Kashmir, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Mali, Somalia, Nigeria.
Genus Aiolopus Fieber,
1853. Aiolopus Fieber.Lotos 3:100.
1853. Epacromia Fischer, Orthoptera Europaea 296.
1910. Aeolopus Kirby, W.F. Syn. Cata. Orthoptera 3(2):190.
1920. Ailopus Sjöstedt, Ark. Zool. 12(20):10.
Type species: Gryllus thalassinus Fabricius
The collected specimens of this species totatly agree with published description
(Kirby, 1914; Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951; Dirsh, 1965; Hollis, 1968) of this genus.
Aiolopus thalassinus tamulus (Fabricius,)
1798. Gryllus tamulus Fabricius Suppl. Ent. Sys. Suppl: 195.
1902. Epacromia tamulus Bolívar, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 70:600.
1902. Aiolopus tamulus Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 54 : 631.
1903. Epacromia tamulus Burr, Fauna and Geog. Mald. Laccadive Archipelagoes:
1: 234.
1910. Aiolopus tamulus Kirby, Syn. Cata. Orth.3 (2):192.
1927. Aiolopus thalassinus tamulus Caudell.Univ. Iowa Studies Nat. Hist. (N.S.)
12 (3) : 10.
202
1930. Aiolopus tumulus Willemse, Tijdschr. v. Entomologie 73:208.
1968. Aiolopus thalassinus tamulus Hollis. Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent.
22 (7) : 347.
The collected specimens totatly agree with published description (Bei- Bienko &
Mishchenko, 1951; Hollis, 1986; Mahmood et al., 1999; Azim, et al., 2010;
Usmani and Naeem 2012) of this species.
Measurements 5♂ & 5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 16.1-19 17.28 1.22 20-25 22.64 2.05 H.L 3-3.3 3.16 0.15 3.3-4 3.74 0.36 P L 4-4.1 4.02 0.04 4.2-5 4.84 0.36 P W 3.1-4 3.32 0.36 4-4.3 4.06 0.13 17-20 18.2 1.24 18.2621.3 -24.4 22.36 1.18 Tg.L Tg.W 3-4 3.58 0.38 3.2-4 3.72 0.39 H.F.L 10-12 11.06 0.71 12.4-13.3 13.8 0.58 Tb.L 9-11 9.64 0.86 11-11.3 11 0.37 W.Ex 37.3-44 2.7 39.84 45.6-52.8 48.6 2.61 W.Ex Material examined: ♀7 Rawalakot 5500ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E (Rehan)
25,6,2010;♀2♂3 Mirpur 1500ft 33°02'07.90" N 73°50'46.17"E (A.Tamkeen)
26.9.2007; ♀1 ♂2 Choch Kotli 2624ft 33.52°N 73.29°E (A.Tamkeen) 27.9.2007;
♀2 Smahni 3198ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E, 30 km in the North East of
Mirpur (A.Tamkeen) 14.8.2007; ♀1 Hajera 3111ft 33°46'17.96"N 73°53'45.42"E
203
29 km in East of Rawalakot (A.Tamkeen) 18.9.2008; ♂3 Dadyal 3198 ft
33°19'45.44" N 73°41'56.87"E (A.Tamkeen) 9.10.2007.
Habitat: This species has been collected from pastures, range lands and bushes.
Distribution: Kashmir, Pakistan, India, Sudan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Kyrgyzstan,
Afghanistan, Tajikistan.
Genus Epacromius Uvarov,
1942. Epacromius Uvarov. Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 67:337, 338.
Type species: Gryllus tergestinus Charpentier
The collected specimens exactly tally with published description (Bei-Bienko &
Mishchenko, 1951) of this genus.
Key to the local species of Genus Epacromius
1. Empodium between tarsal claws large ……….……………..coerulipes (Ivanov,)
-Empodium between tarsal claws small….….tergestinus tergestinus (Charpentier,)
Epacromius coerulipes (Ivanov,)
1888. Epacromia coerulipes Ivanov.Trav. Soc. Nat. Univ. Imp. Kharkow 21:348.
1968. Epacromius pulverulensus Mishchenko. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie
47: 494. 1999. Epacromius coerulipes Sun, Y.Z. & Y. Y. Yuan. Grasshoppers of Shandong 79. 2005. Epacromius coerulipes Nagy, Entomofauna Carpathica 17:20.
204
The collected specimens exactly similar with published description (Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951; Azim et al., 2010) of this species.
Measurements 1♂ & 1 ♀ (mm) Male Female
B.L 19 26.2 H.L 4 5 P L 4.5 6.2 P W 4 4.3 T.L 20 25.1 Tg.W 4 4.3 H.F.L 11.1 14.3 Tb.L 10 11.3 W.Ex 44 54.5
Material examined: ♀1 Smahni 3198ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E 30 km in the North East of Mirpur (A.Tamkeen) 20.9.2007;♀1 Tatta Pani 2237ft
33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E, 29 km from Hajeera (A.Tamkeen) 4.10.2010.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from maize crop and grasses near stream.
Distribution: Kashmir, India, Europe, Korea, Mongolia, Australia, Kazakhstan.
New Record: The species has been recorde for the first time from study area.
Epacromius tergestinus tergestinus (Charpentier,)
1825. Gryllus tergestinus Charpentier. Horae entomologicae, adjectis tabulis
novem coloratis 139. 1853. Epachromia thalassina variety tergestinus Fischer, Orthoptera Europaea 363. 1853. Aiolopus tergestinus Fieber Lotos 3:100.
205
1999. Epacromius tergestinus tergestinus Defaut. Matériaux Orthoptériques et
Entomocenotiques 2:39.
The collected two male specimens exactly tally with published description (Bei-
Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951) of this subspecies.
Measurements 2 ♂ (mm)
Male
Range Mean SD
B.L 17-18.1 17.6 0.78 H.L 3.3-3.4 3.35 0.07 P L 4-4 4 0.00 P W 3.3-3.3 3.3 0.00 T.L 18-19.1 18.6 0.78 Tg.W 3.2-3.3 3.25 0.07 H.F.L 11.2-16 13.6 3.39 Tb.L 9.2-10 9.6 0.57 39.3-41.4 40.4 1.48 W.Ex
Material examined: ♂2 Plandri 4325ft 33°42'45.55" N 73°41'19.94"E
(A.Tamkeen) 8.10.2010.
Habitat: The given species have been collected from grasses in the pine forest.
Distribution: Kashmir, Japan, U.S.S.R.
New Record: The species has been recorde for the first time from study area.
Genus Trilophidia Stål,
Type species: Oedipoda cristella Stål,
206
The specimen of this species exactly similar with published Description (Kirby,
1914; Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951; Dirsh, 1965; Hollis, 1965) of this genus.
Key to the local species of Genus Trilophidia
1.Wings transparent at the base, body black densely covered ventrally with
hairs……………………………………..………………..………....annulata Stål
-Wings yellowish at base, body yellowish with sparce hairs..….…....turpis Walker
Trilophidia annulata (Thunberg,)
1815. Gryllus annulatus Thunberg. Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Peterburg 5:234.
1873. Gryllus annulatus Stål. Ofv. K. Vetensk. Akad. Forh. 30(4):39-53.
1870. Epacromia turpis Walker, Cata. Spec. Derm. Salt. 4:775.
1884. Trilophidia annulata ceylonica Saussure Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve
28(9):158.
1901. Trilophidia annulata Bolívar, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 70:604.
The collected specimens exactly tally with published description (Kirby, 1914;
Bhowmik 1986; Wagan, 1990; Mahmood, 1995; Azim et al., 2010; Usmani and
Naeem 2012) of this species.
Measurement 5 ♂ & 5 (mm) Male Female Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 15-16.2 15.6 0.6 19-29 21.6 4.14 H.L 3-4.2 3.64 0.6 4-4.2 4.04 0.09
207
P L 4-5 4.4 0.6 4.5-5.5 5 0.35 P W 4-5 4.32 0.4 4.5-5 4.7 0.27 T.L 16-17 16.4 0.4 19.2-22 20.1 1.13 Tg.W 3.3-4 3.72 0.4 4-4.5 4.28 0.19 H.F.L 9-10 9.54 0.4 10.3-11.2 10.78 0.4 Tb.L 7.5-8.3 7.96 0.3 8.0-10 9.26 0.82 W.Ex 34-38 36.6 1.6 42.2-45 44.5 2.24
Material examined: ♀4 Senhsa 2962 ft 33°29'05.15" N 73°54'22.15"E,35 km from Kotli (A.Tamkeen) 4.10.2007;♀3 Bagh 3781ft 33°58'28.95" N 73°47'29.49"E
(A.Tamkeen) 5.9.2008;♀4 Rawalakot 5500ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E
(A.Tamkeen) ♀2♂2 Kotli (A.Tamkeen) 5.10.2010;♀2 Tatta pani 2385 ft
33°35'21.50" N 73°56'17.89"E, 29 km from Hajeera (A.Tamkeen) 5.10.2010;
♀1♂1 Bagh 3781ft 33°58'28.95" N 73°47'29.49"E (A.Tamkeen) 20.10.2010;♂4
Senhsa 2962 ft 33°29'05.15" N 73°54'22.15"E, 35 km from Kotli (A.Tamkeen)
12.10.2008;1♂ Dadyal 3198 ft 33°19'45.44" N 73°41'56.87"E (A.Tamkeen)
9.10.2007; ♂1 Mirpur 1500 ft 33.14°N 73.77°E; ♂20 Kotli 3280ft 33.52°N
73.29°E; ♂1 Bhimber 1508 ft 32°58'35.07" N 74°04 '47.83"E, 50 km from Mirpur
(A.Tamkeen) 10.10.2007;♂5 Rawalakot 5500ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E
(A.Tamkeen); ♂2 Smahni 3198ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E; 30 km in the
North East of Mirpur (A.Tamkeen) 8.9.2008; ♂1 Hajeera 3111ft 33°46'17.96"N
73°53'45.42"E 29 km in East of Rawalakot (A.Tamkeen) 4.10.2010; ♂3 Mirpur
1500ft 33.14°N 73.77°E (A.Tamkeen) 5.10.2010.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from thorney vegetation, grasses, and pastures.
208
Distribution: Pakistan, India, China, Japan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, South East
Asia.
Trilophidia turpis Walker,
1870. Epacromia turpis Walker, Cata. Spec. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. 4:775.
Taxonomic note:
The collected species totally agree with the published description (Kirby, 1914) with some exception in body measurements. According to Kirby our specimens key out in two species viz. Trilophidia annulata and Trilophidia turpis,while Otte
(1995) has synonymised T.turpis under Trilophidia annulata. The DNA barcoding result has given a significant difference between these two species. Following the
DNA barcoding difference the Trilophidia turpis appear as valid species.
Measurements 4♂& 5 ♀ (mm)
Male Female
Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 15-16 15.50 0.58 17.2-21.3 19.70 1.66 H.L 3-3 3 0 3.3-4 3.48 0.29 P L 3.2-3.4 3.28 0.10 3.2-4.4 3.96 0.46 P W 3-3.1 3.05 0.06 3.2-4 3.72 0.39 T.L 17-17.3 17.08 0.15 17-19.4 18.58 1.17 Tg.W 3.1-4 3.78 0.45 3.3-5 4.26 0.73 H.F.L 9-10 9.58 0.51 9.3-10.2 10.34 1.00 Tb.L 8-8.3 8.13 0.15 8-9.4 8.94 0.55 W.Ex 37-37.8 37.38 0.33 37.2-44 41.14 2.65
209
Material examined: ♀1♂1 Samahni 3198ft 33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E
(A.Tamkeen) 8.9.2008; ♀1 Hejeera 3111ft 33°46'17.96"N 73°53'45.42"E 29 km in
East of Rawalakot (A.Tamkeen) 4.10.2010; ♀1 Jatlan 1500 ft 33°02'07.90" N
73°50'46.17"E10 km from Mirpur (A.Tamkeen) 8.7.2007; ♀1♂1 Bagh 3781ft
33°58'28.95" N 73°47'29.49"E (A.Tamkeen)14.7.2008; ♂1 Kotli 2334 ft
33°28'16.30" N 73°52'57.41"E (A.Tamkeen) 5.10.2010; ♂ 2 Rawalakot 5500ft
33°35'21.64" N 73°56'17.89"E (Ansa Tamkeen) 8.10.2010.
Habitat: These specimens have been collected from maize crop, grasses and pastures.
Distribution: India, Kashmir.
Genus Sphingonotus (Sphingonotus) Fieber
1853. Sphingonotus Fieber. Lotos 3:124.
1963. Pseudosphingonotus Shumakov. Trudy Vses. Entomol. Obshch.[= Horae
Soc. Entomol. Union. Sov.] 49:158.
1878. Sphinctonotus Dubrony. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova 12:15.
Type species: Gryllus caerulans Linnaeus
The collected species exactly tally with published description (Kirby, 1914; Bei-
Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951) of this genus.
Sphingonotus (Sphingonotus) longipennis Saussure,
1884. Sphingonotus longipennis Saussure.Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve
28(9):203.
210
The collected specimens exactly tally with published description (Kirby, 1914; Bei-
Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951; Mahmood et al., 1999, Azim et al., 2010) of this species.
Measurements ♂5 & 5 ♀ (mm). Male Female Range Mean SD Range Mean SD
B.L 26-27.1 26.5 0.54 25-34 31.24 3.71 H.L 3.3-5 4.1 0.61 4-5 4.3 0.41 P L 5.4-6.3 6.02 0.37 6-7.1 6.82 0.46 P W 5-5.3 5.16 0.11 5.2-6 5.6 0.37 T.L 28.1-31 29 1.19 25-36.4 32.18 4.25 Tg.W 3.4-6 5.2 1.07 6-6.2 6.14 0.17 H.F.L 13-14.3 13.6 0.57 15-17.2 15.84 1.15 Tb.L 11-11.4 11.3 0.09 12-15.2 13.3 1.14 W.Ex 61.6-71 63.8 4.19 72-77.8 69.84 8.15
Material examined: ♀13 ♂7 Degwar 4592 ft (A.Tamkeen) 14.7.2008; ♀1 Kahuta
4270 ft 33°54'20.05"N 74°06'27.73"E (A.Tamkeen) 14.7.2008.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have collected from the barren land stons and rocky land.
Distribution: Pakistan, India, Europe, Africa, Kashmir, Himalayas, Southeastern
Tibet.
Genus Leptopternis Saussure
1884. Sphingonotus (Leptopternis) Saussure. Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve
211
28(9):193.
Type species: Oedipoda gracilis Eversmann
The collected specimens of this species exactly tally with the published description
(Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951; Dirsh, 1965) of this genus.
Leptopternis gracilis (Eversmann,)
1848. Oedipoda gracilis Eversmann, Additamenta quaedam levia ad Fischeri de
Waldheim Orthoptera Rossica 10.
1884. Sphingonotus (Leptopternis) gracilis Saussure. Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat.
Geneve 28(9):1-254, 1 pl.
1889. Leptopternis gracilis Mitt. Schweiz.Ent. Gesellsch. 8: 93.
The collected specimens agree with the published description (Bei-Bienko &
Mishchenko, 1951; Mahmood, 1999; Azim et al., 2010) of this species.
Measurements & 1♂5 ♀ (mm) Female Male Range Mean SD
B.L 22-23.4 22.80 22.80 17
H.L 4-4.3 4.06 4.06 3
P L 4-4.1 4.02 4.02 3.2
P W 4.1-4.3 4.22 4.22 4
T.L 19-20 19.82 19.82 16
Tg.W 3-4 3.58 3.58 3
H.F.L 12-13 12.46 12.46 10
Tb.L 10-11 10.64 10.64 9
W.Ex 41-46 43.22 43.22 35.2
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Material examined: ♀7♂1 Kahuta 4270 ft 33°54'20.05"N 74°06'27.73"E
(A.Tamkeen) 14.7.2008.
Habitat: The specimens have been collected from mountaineous area, pastures and small vegetations.
Distribution: Pakistan, India, Kashmir, Mongolia, Dzungaria to Sahara, U.S.S.R.
Genus Acrotylus Fieber,
1853. Acrotylus Fieber. Lotos 3:125.
Type species: Gryllus insubricus Scopoli
The collected species totaly agree with published description (Bei-Bienko &
Mishchenko, 1951) of this genus.
Acrotylus humbertianus Saussure,
1884. Acrotylus humbertianus Saussure. Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve
28(9):189.
1963. Acrotylus humbertianus Shumakov. Trudy Vses. Entomol. Obshch. [Horae.
Entomol. Union. Sov.] 49:148.
The collected specimens exactly tally with published description (Kirby, 1914; Bei-
Bienko & Mishchenko, 1951; Bhowmik 1986; Wagan, 1990; Suhail, 1994;
Mahmood et al., 1999; Azim et al., 2010) of this species except minor differences in measurements.
213
Measurement 5 ♀ & 1♂ (mm)
Female Male
Range Mean SD
B.L 18.3-20.2 19.36 0.77 16.3
H.L 3-4 3.42 0.53 3
P L 3.3-5.2 4.1 0.69 3.1
P W 4-4.3 4.1 0.14 3.3
T.L 20-22.2 20.84 0.91 18
Tg.W 3.3-5 3.42 0.33 3
H.F.L 11-14 11.44 1.47 9.3
Tb.L 9-11.5 10.12 0.89 9
W.Ex 40-49.4 42.68 3.89 35.9
Material examined: ♀1 Dadyal 3198ft 33°19'45.44" N 73°41'56.87"E
(A.Tamkeen) 9.10.2007, ♀1 Hajeera 3111ft 33°46'17.96"N 73°53'45.42"E 29 km from Rawalakot (A.Tamkeen) 4.10.2010; ♀ 4 Bagh 3781ft 33°58'28.95" N
73°47'29.49"E (A.Tamkeen) 14.7.2008, ♀2 Kotli 2334ft 33°28'16.30" N
73°52'57.41"E (A.Tamkeen) 5.10.2010; ♀1 ♂1 Mirpur 1500 ft 33.14°N 73.77°E
(A.Tamkeen) 26.9.2007.
Habitat: The specimens of this species have been collected from barren fields having less vegetation along with the stream.
Distribution: Kashmir, Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka.
214
MOLECULAR ANAYLIS
Nucleotide sequence alignments.
A total of 70 species were subjected for barcoding but the barcode sequences of 26 grasshopper species were performed. The optimal tree with the sum of branch length = 1.26504997 is shown in fig. 85. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (500 replicates) are shown next to the branches (Felsenstein, 1985). The evolutionary distances were computed using the Maximum Composite Likelihood method (Tamura et al., 2004) and are in the units of the number of base substitutions per site. The analysis involved 67 nucleotide sequences. All positions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated.
Evolutionary analysis was conducted in MEGA5 (Tamura et al.,
2011). The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths in the same units as those of the evolutionary distances used to infer the phylogenetic tree. The evolutionary relationships of all the species included in the analysis were well resolved with the species of the same genus as one cluster. To confirm the morphological identification a total of 70 species specimen were subjected to DNA barcode sequencing. Many specimens were more than two years old, due to any reason specimens of only 26 species were successfully barcoded and their results were obtained (Fig. 85). The barcode result has shown significant differences among the specimens identified as one species and minor variations among the specimens of same species were also found on the scale that could be population variation due to geographical or ecological condition. According to Kirby our specimens key out in
215
two species viz. Trilophidia annulata and Trilophidia turpis,while Otte (1995) has synonymised T.turpis under Trilophidia annulata. The DNA barcoding result has given a significant difference between these two species. Following the DNA barcoding difference the Trilophidia turpis appear as valid species.
The specimens of Scintharista notabilis pallipes, Conophyma kashmiricum, and Ceracris deflorata showed strong difference at generic level whereas the specimens of Locusta migratoria migratoria, Oedalus abruptus,
Oedipoda neelumensis, Ptanga succincta and Tristria marginicosta showed differences at species level. The intresting results were obtained when the specimens of Choroedocus robustus were sequenced. They have shown strong differences from species up to subfamily level.
216
Fig. 85: Phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary relationships of grasshopper taxa collected from various localities of Azad Jammu and Kashmir.
217
DIVERSITY ANALYSIS
In the present study total of seventy species under fourtyeight genera of three families viz. Acrididae, Pyrgomorphidae and Dericorythidae were identified from different localities of three divisions of Azad Kashmir. The distribution of all species of three families and subfamilies has shown in map 2, 3 & 4. Acrididae had heighest relative abundance in all three divisions followed by Pyrgomorphidae and
Dericorythidae (Table.2). The family Acrididae, consisting 65 species under twelve subfamilies was dominent followed by Pyrgomorphidae and Dericorythidae
(Table.3). Four species were recorded under family Pyrgomorphidae while only one species recorded under Dericorythidae. Subfamily Oedipodinae was found dominant in Muzaffrabad division followed by Melanoplinae and Gomphocerinae.
In Poonch division Gomphocerinae was dominant followed by Eyprepocnemidinae and Acridinae while in Mirpur division Oedipodinae was found dominant followed by Oxyinae and Hemiacridinae (Table.2). The subfamily Oedipodinae was most abundant in which sixteen species were recorded followed by subfamily
Catantopinae, Acridinae and Cyrtacanthacridinae. One species was recorded under subfamily Melanoplinae and Spathosterninae. The percentage abundance and diversity of grasshopper species from study area has been calculated (Table. 3).
Four species were present only in Muzaffrabad division, 9 species in Poonch division while 10 species were present only in Mirpur division. Rest the species were common in three divisions.
The heighest grasshopper’s abundance was found in Poonch division followed by Mirpur and Muzaffrabad.The Gastrimargus africanus
218
sulphureus was found most abundant in Muzafarabad division followed by
Dicranophyma hingstoni. While Chorthippus vagans was found most abundant in
Poonch division followed by Shirakiacris shirakii, Oxya hyla hyla was most abundant species in Mirpur division. Fifty three species were recorded from Mirpur division, 52 from Poonch division and 33 from Muzafarabad division (Table.3).
Tamkeen et al., (2011) reported the grasshopper’s species composition in Mirpur division of Azad Jammu & Kashmir and identified 25 acridid species from this area. In the present study 53 species were collected and identified from this area.
Nazir et al., (2014) reported 26 acridid species from Poonch division, while during this study 52 acridid species were collected and identified.
The richness was high in Mirpur division followed by Poonch and Muzaffarbad division. Twenty two species were common in three divisions. Two species were common in Muzaffrabad and Poonch division, while 17 species were common in
Poonch and Mirpur division.
Dicranophyma hingstoni, Gastrimargus africanus sulphureus,
Oedipoda neelumensis, Epacromius coerulipes was only found in Muzaffrabad division. Conophyma kashmiricum, Hieroglyphus nigroreplatus, Catantops erubescence, Xenocatantops karnyi, Chonderacris rosea, Anacridium rubrespinum,
Patanga japonica, Calliptamus balucha, Paraconophyma kashmirica, Apalacris varicornis were only found in Poonch division. Poekilocerus pictus,
Paraconophyma kashmiricum, Oxya bidentata, Ceracris nigricornis nigricornis,
Pternoscirta cinctifemur, Scintharista notabilis, Heteropternis thoracica,
Epacromius tergestinus, Sphingonotus longipennis, Leptopternis gracilus were found only in Mirpur division.
219
Table 2: Relative average abundance expressed in percent, of grasshopper families and subfamilies Collected from three divisions of Azad Jammu &
Kashmir.
Muzaffrabad Poonch Mirpur
Dericorythidae - 1.25 -
Pyrgomorphidae 0.014 4.07 6.41
Acrididae 99.86 94.68 93.44
Melanoplinae 12.17 - -
Hemiacridinae 2.21 6.64 16.03
Oxyinae 4.56 8.89 17.5
Tropidopolinae 0.28 0.42 0.83
Cyrtacanthacridinae 0.55 9.30 0.83
Calliptaminae 0.41 3.74 0.12
Eyprepocnemidinae 0.97 18.36 4.51
Catantopinae 3.32 8.47 4.17
Spathosterninae 0.83 0.08 6.89
Gomphocerinae 6.64 21.43 10.66
Acridinae 1.94 14.12 7.84
Oedipodinae 65.98 3.23 24.11
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Table 3: Relative Abundance of Grasshopper species and Diversity indices. Taxa Muzaffrabad Poonch Mirpur Family Dericorythidae Number of Number of Number of Species Species Species Subfamily Conophyminae Conophyma kashmiricum Mishchenko - 15 - Family Pyrgomorphidae Chrotogonus trachypterus (Blanchard) - 18 5 Attractomorpha sinensis sinensis (Bolivar) 1 29 21 Poekilocerus pictus (Fabricius,) 4 Aularches miliaris (Linnaeus,) 2 24
Family Acrididae Subfamily Melanoplinae Dicranophyma hingstoni Uvarov 88 Subfamily Hemiacridinae Hieroglyphus banian (Fabricius) 6 2 H.nigrorepletus Bolívar 1 24 69 H.oryzivorus Carl 1 1 - H.concolor (Walker) 14 42 35 H.annulicornis (Shiraki) - 7 - Parahieroglyphus bilineatus (Bolívar) - - 29 Subfamily Oxyinae Oxya fuscovittata (Marschall) 24 49 9
221
O. hyla hyla Serville, 8 39 120 O. hyla intricate (Stål) 1 11 5 O. bidentata (Willemse,) - - 4 O.velox (Fabricius) - 8 9 Subfamily Tropidopolinae Tristria marginicosta Karsch, 2 5 7
Subfamily Cyrtacanthacridinae Chondracris rosea (De Geer) - 3 - Valanga nigricornis (Burmeister) 4 36 - Cyrtacanthacris t. tatarica (Linnaeus,) - 3 3 Anacridium aegyptium (Linnaeus) - 3 2 A. rubrispinum Bei-Bienko - 3 - Patanga japonica (Bolívar,) - 8 - P. succincta (Johannson,) - 56 2
Subfamily - - - Calliptaminae Acorypha glaucopsis (Walker,) 3 43 1 Calliptamus b. balucha Uvarov - 2 - Subfamily Eyprepocnemidinae Tylotropidius varicornis (Walker,) 5 27 8 Cataloipus cognatus (Walker,) - 1 3 Eyprepocnemis a.alacris (Serville) 1 54 24 Shirakiacris shirakii (Bolívar) 1 139 3
Subfamily Catantopinae Paraconophyma kashmirica Mishchenko - 6 - Apalacris varicornis Walker, - 2 -
222
Pachyacris vinosa(Walker) 7 15 Catantops erubescens (Walker,) - 10 - Choroedocus robustus (Serville,) 2 10 25 C. illustris (Walker) - 19 03 Xenocatantops karnyi (Kirby,) - 1 - X. humilis humilis (Serville) - 3 1 Diabolocatantops innotabilis (Walker) 15 36 6
Subfamily Spathosterninae Spathosternum p.prasiniferum (Walker) 6 1 58 Subfamily Gomphocerinae Gonista rotundata Uvarov, 3 3 6 G. bicolor (Haan,) - 14 02 Chorthippus vagans (Eversmann,) 43 151 30 Aulacobothrus luteipes (Walker,) 2 41 08 A. svenhedini Sjöstedt, - 49 43 Subfamily Acridinae Acrida turrita (Linnaeus,) 12 93 10 A. exaltata (Walker,) 2 21 19 A. gigantea (Herbst,) - 32 09 Phlaeoba tenebrosa (Walker) - 4 2 P.infumata Brunner von Wattenwyl - 13 11 Ceracris versicolor (Brunner von - 2 2 Wattenwyl) C. deflorata (Brunner von Wattenwyl) - 5 6 C. nigricornis nigricornis Walker - - 7
223
Subfamily Oedipodinae Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus) 1 12 1 Pternoscirta cinctifemur (Walker) - - 4 Gastrimargus africanus africanus 28 04 51 (Saussure) G. a. sulphureus Bei-Bienko 370 - - Scintharista notabilis pallipes (Walker) - - 17 Oedipoda neelumensis Mahmood & 9 - - Yousuf Oedaleus abruptus (Thunberg) 15 23 37 Heteropternis thoracica (Walker) - - 17 Aiolopus thalassinus tamulus (Fabricius) 13 - 08 Epacromius coerulipes (Ivanov) 2 - - E. tergestinus (Charpentier) - - 2 Trilophidia annulata (Thunberg) 30 - 27 Trilophidia turpis Walker 4 - 5 Sphingonotus (Sphingonotus) longipennis - - 21 Saussure Letopternus gracilus Eversmann - - 8 Acrotylus humbertianus Saussure - 5 5 Diversity Index 2.021 3.313 3.363
Total no of individuals 723 1204 842
224
CHAPTER 05
DISCUSSION
A total of seventy acridiod grasshopper species were identified from different sites of three divisions of Azad Kashmir grouped into three families Viz. Acrididae,
Pyrgomorphidae, and Dericorythidae. Previously Mahmood (1995) surveyed for
Acridiodea from the study area and reported fifty three species of Acridoiodea under five families including Eumasticidae. In the present study seventeen species are new records and fifty three are common. The family Dericorythidae consisting of one species, Conophyma kashmiricum, was collected from the higher mountains of Muzaffarabad division (above 6000ft from sea level) those remained covered with snow during winter. Earlier, Mahmood and Yousuf, 2000b, also collected
Conophyma indicum under family Catantopinae from the higher mountains of this study site. Intrestingly the Dericorythidae is only found on those mountains having specific geographic and climatic conditions different from other localities of the study area. Mahmood and Yousuf (1999) published 11 species of Oedipodinae from this area including 7 new records and one species, Oedipoda neelumensis, new to science. In the present study number of the species of Oedipodinae raised to sixteen species in which 11 species are common while 5 are new records.
Mahmood and Yousuf (2000 b) recorded 5 species of Pyrgomorphidae and one species of Catantopinae from this study site. They reported that genera
Aularches Stål (Pyrgomorphidae) and Conophyma Zubovskii (Catantopinae) are new record from Pakistan including Azad Jammu and Kashmir. In the present study four species of family Pyrgomorphidae were reported.
225
Mahmood et al., (2002) reported six species of Catantopinae under four genera among them Catantops unimaculata was new to science, while in the present study nine species of catantopinae were recorded. In the present study the species Paraconophyma kashmiricum was collected from the higher mountains of
Poonch division while same species was collected earlier by Mahmood and yousuf from the same altitude. This finding shows that Paraconophyma kashmiricum has a specific geographical and climatic zone and lives above 5000ft. from sea level.
Similarly, the species Gastrimargus africanus was found abundantly in Neelum valley of Muzaffarabad division where it causes considerable damage to green grasses which farmer use as hay for cattle feeding during winter season. The
Neelum Valley has specific climatic conditions that it does not get moon soon rains during summer season while othe localities of the study site get heavy raines during summer. This study shows that Gastrimargus spp. prefer dry summer and tall less thick grasses for feeding and roosting. These findings are almost in line with
Ritchie, 1982, who reported that Gastrimargus spp prefer tall grasses for roosting while small grasses for feeding. The species Oxya hyla hyla and Oxya fuscovittata were collected from rice crop where these species cause damage to this crop. In some fields the severity of damage was very high because of their population.
Hollis, (1971), reported that Oxya spp. are pest of rice, sugarcane and othe crops in tropical and subtropical areas of the world.
In the present study 5 species of the genus Hieroglyphus were collected from the study site out of which H. banian and H. annulicornis are new record from this area. The species H. concolor and H. nigrorepletus were found abundantly in maize and rice crops where they were foud as serious pest of these
226
crops. The species H. concolor was found up to 6000ft. from sea level where as H. nigrorepletus was found below 4500ft. The Parahieroglyphus bilineatus was the new record from Pakistan. This species was found abundantly in sworm on maize rice and grasses as serious pest. These finding are similar with those of Mason,
(1973), Sultana et al., (2007) Sultana and Wagan (2012) reported Hieroglyphus spp. as pest of different crops in Pakistan.
All the morphologically identified species were subjected to DNA barcoding but the results of only twenty six species were obtained among which specimens of Scintharista notabilis pallipes shown differences in Phylogenetic tree. Remarkable differences were found in morphologically identified specimens of species Choroedocus robustus and Conophyma kashmiricum. Similarly barcode results of specimens of Oedipoda neelumensis have shown great variation in morphologically identified same species. Specimens of Odealus abruptus also showed variation on the branches which reveals that phylogentic differences are present in them. Choroedocus robustus showed great variation in barcoding results of four specimens morphologically identified as same species, they seen to be separated from genus level at branch of phylogenetic tree. Tristria marginicosta and Locusta migritoria also showed small variation. Conophyma kashmiricum have shown great variation among the specimens morphologically identified as one species at least at genus level.Ceracris nigricornis and C.deflorata shown variation at genus level among speciemen barcoded on branches of phylogenetic tree. Nazir et al. (2014) reported variation in the speciemens of Patanga succincta and in present study variation in this species was also found. A number of researchers
(Colgen, 1991; Chapco and Litzenberger, 2002; Mukha et al., 2002; Chapco and
227
Litzenberger, 2003; Rowell and Flook, 2004; Ketmaier et al., 2010) used PCR as a technique to amplify and sequence the genes and use the data to made the phylogenetic analysis and infer the evolutionary relationships among different grasshopper species. Brust (2008) used DNA data along with morphological data to infer the relationships. DNA barcoding is a new phenomenon and is not only being used to identify species but is also being used to study species relationships and to investigate genetic diversities among insect populations (Hajibabaei et al., 2006,
Emery, 2009, Ashfaq et al., 2011).
The barcode based tree of the present study represents the phylogenetic relationships among all the specimens. Specimens clustered on the same branch belong to same species but little bit variation is found within species which indicate the presence of genetic diversity. The slight variation found in individual of same species can be due to population variation. These variable results of DNA barcoding requires further taxaonomic expertise to resolve the confusing species in their taxa and it also demands to reidentify whole fauna of Acridoidea along with immediate DNA barcoding.
Diversity calculation of Acridiodea resulted that grasshopper species diversity is higher in Poonch and Mirpur divisions as compared to
Muzaffarabad division. The family Acrididae was dominant in three divisons followed by Pyrgomorphidae and Dericorythidae (Table.2).Twelve subfamilies of
Acrididae were recorded; subfamily Oedipodinae was most abundant in which sixteen species were recorded following the subfamily Catantopinae, Acridinae and
Cyrtacanthacridinae. One species was recorded under subfamily Melanoplinae and
Spathosterninae. Among all the recorded grasshopper species from whole study
228
area Gastrimargus africanus sulphureus was found most abundant in Muzaffarabad division. Most abundant species recorded in three divisions were Gastrimargus africanus africanus followed by Oxya hyla hyla and Chorthipus vagans. Some species were found uncommon or rare such as Xenocatantops karnyi was found rare because only a few specimens were sampled from Poonch division followed by Apalacris varicornis, Epacromius tergestinus from Poonch division and
Epacromoius coerulipes from Mirpur division. Only two specimens of Calliptamus balucha balucha were recorded from Poonch division. As the status of this group of insects as notorious pest some species as Heiroglyphus banian, H. oryzivorus, H. annulicornis, Oxya hyla hyla, O. bidentata, O.velox are distuributed throughout study area.
The species diversity, richness and abundance are habitat related where habitat characteristics like environmental conditions, plant species composition and percent of bare ground play important role (Maria et al., 2000). In the present study habitat characteristics were not studied, therefore, reasons for low or high diversity and abundance and richness are not discussed.
229
CHAPTER 06
SUMMARY
The present study is based on the survey of species of Acridoidea during (2007-
2011) from various agricultural field crops like maize, wheat, rice, sorghum including fruit orchards, range land, forest and vegetable fields. The specimens were collected from 50 localities and identified up to the species level. These 70 species of Acridoidea under 48 genera and 3 families were identified. Twenty-four species were recorded for the first time from study area. Taxonomic key for genus and species have been constructed. The measurements of taxonomically important body parts with their range, mean and standard deviation were taken.The morphological characters than compared with previous description to assess the differences. Morphologicaly identified specimens were subjected to DNA barcoding to remove the identification conflicts among the species on molecular level. In the present study barcode of 26 species were obtained and great variation was found among the specimens of Scintharista notabilis pallipes, Choroedocus robustus, Tristria marginicosta, Locusta migratoria, Oedipoda nelumensis,
Odealus abruptus Choroedocus robustus, Conophyma kashmiricum, Ceracris nigricornis and C. deflorata shown variation at genus level among speciemen barcoded on branches of phylogenetic tree. Variation in the speciemens of Patanga succincta was found. Species diversity, richness and abundance was calculated from three divisions of Azad Jammu & Kashmir. Distribution maps of families and subfamilies have been added.
230
CHAPTER 07
Check List of Acridiodae of Azad Jammu & Kashmir
Family Dericorythidae
Sub Family Conophyminae
Genus Conophyma Zubovski,
1. C. kashmiricum Mishchenko,
Family Pyrgomorphidae
Subfamily Pyrgomorphinae
Genus Chrotogonus Serville
2. C. trachypterus trachypterus (Blanchard,)
Genus Atractomorpha Saussure
3. A.Sinensis sinensis Bolívar,
Genus Poekilocerus Serville,
4. P. pictus (Fabricius,)
Genus Aularches Stål,
5. A. miliaris (Linnaeus,)
Family Acrididae
Subfamily Melanoplinae Scudder
231
Genus Dicranophyma Uvarov
6. D. hingstoni Uvarov
Subfamily Hemiacridinae Dirsh
Genus Hieroglyphus Krauss
7. H. banian (Fabricius)
8. H. annulicornis (Shiraki)
9. H. concolor (Walker)
10. H. oryzivorus Carl
11. H. nigrorepletus Bolívar
Genus Parahieroglyphus Carl
12. P. bilineatus (Bolívar)
Subfamily Oxyinae
Genus Oxya Serville
13. O. fuscovittata (Marschall)
14. O. hyla hyla Serville,
15. O.hyla intricate (Stål)
16. O. bidentata (Willemse,)
232
17. O. velox (Fabricius)
Subfamily Tropidopolinae
Genus Tristria Stål,
18. T.marginicosta Karsch
Subfamily Cyrtacanthacridinae
Genus Chondracris Uvarov,
19. C. rosea (De Geer,)
Genus Valanga Uvarov,
20. V. nigricornis (Burmeister)
Genus Cyrtacanthacris Walker,
21. C. tatarica tatarica (Linnaeus,)
Genus Anacridium Uvarov
22. A. aegyptium (Linnaeus)
23. A. rubrispinum Bei-Bienko
Genus Patanga Uvarov
24. P. japonica (Bolívar,)
25. P. succincta (Johannson,)
233
Subfamily Calliptaminae
Genus Acorypha Krauss,
26. A. glaucopsis (Walker,)
Genus Calliptamus Serville,
27. C. balucha balucha Uvarov
Subfamily Eyprepocnemidinae
Genus Tylotropidius Stål
28. T. varicornis (Walker,)
Genus Cataloipus Bolívar
29. C. cognatus (Walker,)
Genus Eyprepocnemis Fieber,
30. E. alacris alacris (Serville)
Genus Shirakiacris Dirsh
31. S. shirakii (Bolívar)
Subfamily Catantopinae
Genus Paraconophyma Uvarov,
32. P. kashmirica Mishchenko
234
Genus Apalacris Walker
33. A. varicornis Walker
Genus Pachyacris Uvarov
34. P. vinosa (Walker)
Genus Catantops Schaum,
35. C. erubescens (Walker,)
Genus Choroedocus Bolívar,
36. C. illustris (Walker)
37. C. robustus (Serville,)
Genus Xenocatantops Dirsh & Uvarov
38. X. karnyi (Kirby,)
39. X. humilis humilis (Serville)
Genus Diabolocatantops Jago
40. D. innotabilis (Walker)
Subfamily Spathosterninae
Genus Spathosternum Krauss,
235
41. S. prasiniferum prasiniferum (Walker,)
Subfamily Gomphocerinae
Genus Gonista Bolívar,
42. G. bicolor (Haan,)
43. G. rotundata Uvarov,
Genus Chorthippus Fieber,
44. C.vagans (Eversmann,)
Genus Aulacobothrus Bolívar,
45. A. luteipes (Walker,)
46. A. svenhedini Sjöstedt,
Subfamily Acridinae
Genus Acrida Linnaeus,
47. A. turrita (Linnaeus,)
48 A.exaltata (Walker,)
49. A. gigantea (Herbst,)
Genus Phlaeoba Stål,
50. P. tenebrosa (Walker)
236
51. P. infumata Brunner von Wattenwyl
Genus Ceracris Walker
52. C. versicolor (Brunner von Wattenwyl)
53. C. deflorata (Brunner von Wattenwyl)
54. C. nigricornis nigricornis Walker
Subfamily Oedipodinae
Genus Locusta Linnaeus
55. L. migratoria migratoria (Linnaeus)
Genus Pternoscirta Saussure
56. P. cinctifemur (Walker)
Genus Gastrimargus Saussure
57. G. africanus africanus (Saussure)
58. G. africanus sulphureus Bei-Bienko
Genus Scintharista Saussure
59. S. notabilis (Walker)
Genus Oedipoda Latreille
60. O. neelumensis Mahmood & Yousuf
Genus Oedaleus Fieber
237
61. O. abruptus (Thunberg)
Genus Heteropternis Stål
62. H. thoracica (Walker)
Genus Aiolopus Fieber
63. A. thalassinus tamulus (Fabricius)
Genus Epacromius Uvarov
64. E. coerulipes (Ivanov,)
65. E .tergestinus (Charpentier,)
Genus Trilophidia Stål
66 T. annulata (Thunberg)
67. T. turpis Walker,
Genus Sphingonotus Fieber
68. S. (Sphingonotus) longipennis Saussure
Genus Letopternus Saussure
69. L. gracilis (Eversmann)
Genus Acrotylus Fieber
70. A. humbertianus Saussure
238
CHAPTER 08
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Map. 2: Map showing Collection localities of Families from AzadJammu &
Kashmir
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Map. 3: Map showing Collection localities of subamilies from Azad Jammu &
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Fig. 4: Map showing Collection localities of subamilies from Azad Jammu &
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