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Chapulines, Langostas, Grillos Y Esperanzas De México Chapulines, Langostas GRASSHOPPERS, CHAPULINES, LANGOSTAS, LOCUSTS, CRICKETS GRILLOS Y ESPERANZAS & KATYDIDS DE MÉXICO OF MEXICO GUÍA FOTOGRÁFICA PHOTOGRAPHIC GUIDE CHAPULINES, LANGOSTAS, GRILLOS Y ESPERANZAS DE MÉXICO CHAPULINES, LANGOSTAS, ISSN 1973-7815 ISBN 978-88-903323-0-2 Paolo Fontana, Filippo Maria Buzzetti, Ricardo Mariño-Pérez Paolo Fontana, Filippo Maria Buzzetti, Ricardo Mariño-Pérez Edited by World Biodiversity Association onlus ©2008 Verona - Italy WBA HANDBOOKS 1 WBA HANDBOOKS 1 CHAPULINES, LANGOSTAS, GRILLOS Y ESPERANZAS DE MÉXICO GUÍA FOTOGRÁFICA GRASSHOPPERS, LOCUSTS, CRICKETS & KATYDIDS OF MEXICO PHOTOGRAPHIC GUIDE PAOLO FONTANA, FILIPPO MARIA BUZZETTI, RICARDO MARIÑO-PÉREZ 2. Biologia Centrali Americana. Insecta. Orthoptera, Vol. I, Tab. 21. 11 9 10 11 12 9-12. Algunos hábitats de México: matorral xerófilo (9), pastizal (10) , bosque de coníferas y encinos (11) y bos- que tropical perennifolio (12). – Some Mexican Habitat: thorn Scrub (9), grassland (10), pine-oak forest (11) and tropical rain forest (12). 23 Ciclo biológico Life Cycle Los estados de desarrollo de los ortópteros son el The development stages of Orthoptera are the egg, huevo, ninfa (figs. 13-14) (antes de ninfa, un periodo nymph (figs. 13-14) (before becoming a nymph, they corto en forma de gusano o vermiforme) y adulto go through a short period as larva (vermiform)), and (conocido como imago cuando recién ha mudado). adult (a newly emerged adult is known as an imago). Normalmente las hembras de Caelifera entierran los Females of Caelifera usually bury their eggs in the huevos en el suelo con ayuda del ovipositor, mien- ground, whereas females of Ensifera deposit their tras que las hembras de Ensifera depositan los hue- eggs within stems, leaves or roots, or they attach the vos en los tallos, hojas o raíces, o bien, los pegan a las eggs to stems or branches (Rentz and Ning Su, 2003). ramas o los tallos (Rentz y Ning Su, 2003). Las nin- Nymphs are similar to adults, but their pronotum, fas son similares a los adultos, pero éstas no poseen wings and genitals are not well developed, and their el pronoto, las alas ni los genitales bien desarrollados, antennae have less segments (Rentz and Ning Su, y tienen menos segmentos en las antenas (Rentz y 2003). Orthoptera usually have five to six instars (de- Ning Su, 2003). Los ortópteros presentan por lo re- velopment period of nymphs between one moult (fig. gular entre cinco y seis ínstares (periodo de desarro- 15) and another). The instars of winged species are llo de las ninfas entre una muda (fig. 15) y la distinguished by the morphology of their wing pads; siguiente). Los ínstares de las especies aladas se dis- the first and second instars have very small and tinguen por la morfología de sus primordios alares; el rounded wings, instars three and four have longer primer y segundo ínstar tenen las alas muy pequeñas wings with tips pointing downwards, and the pattern y redondeadas, los ínstares tres y cuatro tienen las alas is inverted in instars five and six, with the tip of the más elongadas y las puntas están dirigidas hacia abajo, wings pointing upwards (Capinera et al., 2004). In a y en los ínstares cinco y seis el patrón se invierte, la typical biological cycle of the Orthoptera, the eggs punta de las alas se dirige hacia arriba (Capinera et hatch in spring, the nymphs develop during summer, al., 2004). En un ciclo biológico típico de ortópteros, and the adults reproduce between summer and fall. los huevos eclosionan en primavera, las ninfas se des- Diapause, a period that halts development, is present arrollan en verano y los adultos se reproducen entre during the egg stage in northern latitudes. Nymphs 14. Stilpnochlora sp. Ninfa - Nymph. San Luis Potosi, S. Martín de Abajo. IX 2004. 25 19-20. Venta de chapulines para comer, en el mercado – Edible Orthoptera sold in the market. Oaxaca, X 2007. 31 32 33 34 32-34. Montaje en vista lateral – Mounting lateral view (32). Montaje con la genitalia masculina extraída – Mounting with male genitalia extracted (33). Genitalia masculina adherida en la etiqueta – Male genitalia glued on label (34). 42 CLAVE DE IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LAS FAMILIAS Y SUBFAMILIAS Clave para la identificación de las subfamilias de Tettigoniidae de Panama Traducción de Nickel,1992a 1. Espiráculo auditivo torácico pequeño, circular u oval, expuesto debajo del margen ventral del lóbulo la- teral del pronoto; cabeza usualmente globosa, con sockets antenales, especialmente márgenes internos bien desarrollados PSEUDOPHYLLINAE Espiráculo auditivo torácico largo, elíptico, oculto cuando se ve de lado, pero se observa cuando en vista posterolateral detrás del margen posterior del lóbulo lateral del pronoto; cabeza globosa o cónica, con pe- queños sockets antenales o con sockets antenales no muy bien desarrollados a lo largo de los márgenes in- ternos 2 2. Tarsómero proximal cilíndrico, no bilateralmente sulcado; prosternón desarmado; cabeza usualmente glo- bosa (excepciones: Aegimia, Dysonia, Markia); ovipositor usualmente corto, curveado hacia arriba (menos frecuentemente largo y recto: (Anaulacomera), lateralmente aplanado, usualmente en la parte apical cre- nulado a lo largo de los márgenes; tímpanos usualmente expuestos en al menos una cara y usualmente en ambas caras de las tibias anteriores PHANEROPTERINAE Tarsómero proximal cuadrado, bilateralmente sulcado; prosternón usualmente armado con dos espinas; cabeza globosa o cónica; ovipositor usualmente largo, recto o curveado hacia arriba, lateralemente apla- nado, usualmente en la parte apical liso a lo largo de los márgenes; tímpanos usualmente ocultos debajo de una inflación cuticular en ambas caras de las tibias anteriores 3 3. Tibias anteriores armadas con 4-8 espinas opuestas largas y movibles en cada margen ventral; fastigium extremadamente angosto, lateralmente comprimido en un angosto pliegue sobre la frente LISTROSCELIDINAE Tibias anteriores armadas con un número variable de espinas, ninguna de las cuales se encuentra notable- mente alargada, y usualmente más cortas que aquellas de los márgenes dorsales de las tibias posteriores; fastigio cónico, alargado, no clavado, pero comprimido en un pliegue angosto. 4 4. Fastigio, medido en la base, usualmente más angosto que el primer segmento antenal y sin un diente ven- tral AGRAECIINAE Fastigio del vértex, medido en su base, usualmente más ancho que el primer segmento antenal, y con o sin diente ventral 5 5. Fémur medio y anterior desarmado; fastigio ancho, obtuso, con la porción ventral cefálica sin diente CONOCEPHALINAE Fémur medio y anterior con un número variable de espinas no movibles; fastigio ancho, obtuso o cónico, usualmente con diente o nodo que se extiende desde el margen ventral del cono. COPIPHORINAE 46 61.Copiphora monoceros ɉ. Veracruz, Est. Biol. Los Tuxtlas, XI 2007. 62. Copiphora sp. juv. ɉ Veracruz, Est. Biol. Los Tuxtlas, XII 2006. 65 69. Neobarrettia bambalio Ɋ, (conducta aterradora - terrific behaviour). San Luis Potosi, Ciudad del Maíz. IX 2004. 70. Neobarrettia bambalio juv. Ɋ San Luis Potosi, Ciudad del Maíz. IX 2004. 69 93. Dichopetala mexicana Ɋ. Puebla, Izúcar de Matamoros. X 2004. 94. Dichopetala mexicana ɉ. Morelos, Amacuzac. IX 2004. 81 131. Vellea mexicana Ɋ. Veracruz, Est. Biol. Los Tuxtlas, XI 2007. 132. Vellea mexicana ɉ. Veracruz, Est. Biol. Los Tuxtlas, XI 2007. 100 173. Xyronotus aztecus Ɋ. Veracruz, Fortín, XII 2006. 174. Xyronotus aztecus ɉ. Veracruz, Fortín, XII 2006. 121 211. Aulocara femoratum ɉ. Hidalgo, Tula. XII 2005. 212. Boopedon diabolicum Ɋ. Querétaro, Parque Nal. El Cimatario. XII 2006. 140 247. Aztecacris laevis Ɋ. Michoacán, Quiroga. X 2004. 248. Aztecacris laevis ɉ+Ɋ. Hidalgo, Huichapan. IX 2004. 158 255. Dactylotum bicolor bicolor Ɋ. San Luis Potosí, Ciudad del Maíz. IX 2004. 256. Dactylotum bicolor bicolor ɉ. San Luis Potosí, Santa Catarina. IX 2004. 162 293. Perixerus squamipennis ɉ+Ɋ. Oaxaca, M. Albán. X 2007. 294. Perixerus squamipennis Ɋ. Oaxaca, M. Albán. X 2007. 181 359. Proctolabus mexicanus ɉ+Ɋ. Puebla, Acatlán. X 2004. 360. Proctolabus mexicanus Ɋ. Puebla, Acatlán. X 2004. 214 375. Brachystola mexicana (rosado - pink) ɉ. Querétaro, Parque Nac. El Cimatario. XII 2005. 376. Chromacris colorata ɉ. San Luis Potosi, San Martín de Abajo. IX 2004. 222 392. Ripipteryx tricolor ɉ. Chiapas, Palenque, XII 2006. 393. Ripipteryx sp. ɉ. Oaxaca, Oaxaca-Puerto Escondido. X 2007. 231 Listado actualizado de Orthoptera de México Updated checklist of Mexican Orthoptera Subord. ENSIFERA Superfam. Gryllacridoidea Fam. Anostostomatidae Subfam. Anostostomatinae Anabropsis aptera (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888) Anabropsis mexicana (Saussure, 1859) Anabropsis microptera Gorochov, 2001 Anabropsis modesta Gorochov, 2001 Anostostoma tolteca Saussure, 1861 Cnemotettix miniatus Rentz, D.C.F. & Weissman, 1973 Glaphyrosoma bruneri (Cockerell, 1912) Glaphyrosoma gracile Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 Glaphyrosoma mexicanum (Saussure, 1859) Lutosa azteca (Saussure & Pictet, 1897) Lutosa obliqua Walker, F., 1869 Fam. Rhaphidophoridae Subfam. Ceuthophilinae Anargyrtes annulata (Bilimek, 1867) Anargyrtes bolivari Hubbell, 1972 Argyrtes aztecus (Saussure & Pictet, 1897) Argyrtes macropus (Rehn, J.A.G., 1904) Argyrtes maculatus Strohecker, 1945 Argyrtes mexicana Saussure & Pictet, 1897 Leptargyrtes boneti Hubbell, 1972 Leptargyrtes tejamanilae Hubbell, 1972 Ceuthophilus (Ceuthophilus) variegatus Scudder, S.H., 1894 Ceuthophilus (Hemiudeopsylla) genicularis (Saussure & Pictet, 1897) Ceuthophilus (Hemiudeopsylla) latipes Scudder, S.H., 1894 Ceuthophilus (Geotettix) nodulosus Brunner
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