169 © the Editor(S) (If Applicable) and the Author(S) 2019 R. Ismat, Artists

Index

A Academy of Dramatic Arts, 125, 130 Abaza, Rushdy, 54 Adam, 24, 25 Abazzah, Aziz, 147 Addustour (magazine), 66 Abd, Abdallah, 66 Adonis, 40, 43, 61, 147 Abdel Khaleq, Ali, 163 Adwan, Mamdouh, 98, 123–126, 147 Abdellah, Abdel Halim, 91 Akhbar al-Adab (magazine), 62 Abdel-Latif, Shaker, 132 Alaili, Ezzat el-, 54 Abdel Quddous, Ihsan, 19, 54, 91 Aldj, Ahmad al-Tayyeb, 109 Abdel Rahman, Mahfouz, 114 Alem, Mahmoud Amin el-, 26 Abdel Sabour, Salah, 40, 147–152 Al-Ghafari, Abu Zar, 124, 125 Abdel Salam, Rashida, 57 Alienation, 75, 84–86 Abdel Sayed, Daoud, 55 Allende, Isabel, 48 Abdel Wahab, Muhammad, 40 Alloula, Abdelkader, 109 Abdullah, Muhammad Abdul Halim, al Madani, Izz al-Din, 106 23, 62 Al-Naksa, 80, 90, 91, 155 Abdullah, Yahya Taher, 62, 91 Al-Nusra Front, 7 Abdul Rahman, Mahfouz, 36 Alomar, Osama, 71 Abdul Wahab, Muhammad, 19 Al-Qanawat, 74, 75 Abel, 23 Alzahaby, Khairy, 14, 74–80, 98 Absurd, 143 American University of Beirut (AUB), Absurd drama, 36 84 Absurdist, 31, 33, 36 Andalusia, 56, 161 Abu Afash, Nazeih, 147 Anderson, 148 Abu Rayya, Yusuf, 62 Annaqed (magazine), 67 Abu Risha, Omar, 42, 44 Anouilh, Jean, 57 Abu Zahra, Abdel Rahman, 141 Arab Novel Award, 94

Arab Spring, the, 1, 3, 4, 10–14 Ben Ayed, Aly, 108 Arafat, Yasser, 131 Ben Tara, Abdul Ghani, 105 Ardash, Sa’d, 114, 141 Bergman, Ingrid, 79 Aristophanes, 33 Bershid, Abdelkarim, 109 Arnaout, Marouf al-, 73 Bibars, Alzaher, 79 Asadi, Jawad al-, 118, 119 Bible, 23 Ashour, Numan, 36, 162 Bin Ziad, Tareq, 161 Ashour, Radwa, 62 Bisatie, Muhammad el-, 62 Ashur, Nu’man, 127 Black September, 131 Aslan, Ibrahim, 62, 81, 91 Bolt, Robert, 57 As-Sabban, Rafq, 31, 112, 115 Bouazizi, Muhammad, 1, 3 Assad, Bashar al-, 4, 95 Bourguiba, Habib, 105 Assad, Hafez al-, 95 Brecht, Bertolt, 36, 109, 113–115, Assaf, Rasheed, 126 128, 129, 133, 143, 157 Aswani, Alaa al-, 62 Bseiso, Muin, 148 Atrash, Farid al-, 55 Bunni, Amin al-, 163 Atrash, Naila al-, 112, 119 Busati, Muhammad al-, 91 Attar, Najah al-, 119 Butrus, Rimon, 79 Averroes, 55–57, 91 Awiti, Hassan, 125, 142 Ayoub, Samiha, 137, 141 C Azab, Muhammad Saleh el-, 62 Cain, 23 Azm, Sadiq Jalal al-, 11 Camp David Accord, 2, 131 Azmeh, Yaser al-, 160 Camus, Albert, 71 Azzawi, Fadhil al-, 89, 90 Carthage Festival, 116 Castrof, Frank, 108 Cervantes, 113 B Chahine, Yehya, 54 Ba’ath party, 76, 115 Chahine, Youssef, 14, 53–55, 57, 90 Babili, Suhair al-, 132, 162 Chekhov, Anton, 63, 109, 143 Baghdadi, Shawqi, 66 Chereau, Patrice, 54 Bakar, Jalila, 106, 107 Christie, Agatha, 36 Bakathir, Ali Ahmad, 162 Coelho, Paulo, 80 Bakr, Salwa, 62 Communist, 1, 20, 27, 28 Bakry, Asmaa el-, 55 Cooper, Giles, 36 Ballat, Fuad, 99 Creswell, Robyn, 92 Balsan, Humbert, 57 Critical Realism, 66 Baradaai, Khalid Muhi-Din al-, 147 Cupid, 86 Barakat, Halim, 84–88 Bayati, Abd al-Wahab al-, 41, 147 Beckett, 36, 152 D Ben Ali, Zine el-Abidin, 1 Dalida, 54 Ben Ammar, Rajaa, 105 Index 171

Damascus Festival for Dramatic Arts, Farag, Alfred, 36, 111–114, 162, 163 133 Farouk (King), 33 Damascus National Theatre, 112, 116 Farzat, Ali, 5 Damascus National Theatre Company, Fayyad, Suleiman, 62, 81 133 Free Syrian Army, 6, 7 Damascus Theatre Festival, 157 French mandate, 97 Damascus University Ensemble, Fudda, Asaad, 116–118 124–126 Darwish, Mahmoud, 40, 147 Dawoud, Ahmad Youssef, 76 G De Beauvoir, Simone, 101 Gaddaf, 3 Democritus, 79 Gamal (Mubarak), 1 Derbal, Hatem, 105, 108 Garbo, Greta, 79 Dhagn, Tawfq al-, 141 Gatti, Armand, 108 Dickens, Charles, 27 Gay, John, 133 Diyab, Mahmoud, 36, 111, 126–130, Genesis, 23 135, 162 Georgetown University, 84 Dostoevsky, 27 Ghitani, Gamal el-, 14, 62, 80–84 Dragun, Osvaldo, 124 Gillani, Malik, 120 Driss, Muhammad, 105, 106, 108 Giraudoux, Jean, 34 Dunqul, Amal, 14, 93, 112, 147 Gogol, Nikolai, 91, 116 Durrell, Lawrence, 29, 50, 74 Golan Heights, 12 Durrenmatt, 164 Greek tragedians, 157 Greek Tragedy, 143

E Eco, Umberto, 75 H Edelbi, Hussein, 142 Haddad, Fawaz, 14, 79, 94–98 El Dine, Seif, 55 Haddad, Salloum, 126 Elftory, Muhammad Moftahh, 41, Hafez, Abdel Halim, 40 147 Hakim, Tawfq al-, 14, 19, 31–37, 61, Eliot, T. S., 57, 148, 152 114, 143, 162 Eloui, Laila, 54 Hamama, Faten, 54, 62, 137 Emari, Saffa el-, 57 Hamdi, Talhat, 112 Epic theatre, 115 Hamilton, Patrick, 36 Epicurus, 79 Hanna, Youssef, 160 Experimental Theatre, 116 Haqqi, Yahya, 62, 74, 81 Expressionism, 45, 62, 66 Hatata, Sherif, 99 Hauptmann, Elizabeth, 133 Hawi, Khalil al-, 40, 147 F Haykal, Muhammad Husayn, 73 Fairuz, 55 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 99 Fakhrani, Yahya al-, 114 Hemida, Mahmoud, 55, 57 172 Index

Henry, O., 63 Johnson-Davis, Denys, 32 Hezbollah, 8–10 Jundi, Ali al-, 147 Hijazi, Abdul-Nabi, 76 Jundi, Yusri el-, 36, 148 Hijazi, Ahmad, 147 Hilal al- (magazine), 62 Historical novel, 75, 76 K Hof, Fred, 12 Kafka, Franz, 91 Hosny, Farouk, 82 Kaki, Ould Abdelrahmane, 109 Hosny, Soad, 28, 54 Kamel, Abla, 114 Houraniya, Saeed, 66 Kamhawi, Ezzat el-, 62, 81 Hugo, Victor, 27 Kanaan, Ali, 148 Hussein, (King), 131 Kateb, Mustapha, 109 Hussein, Saddam, 83, 96 Khatib, Husam al-, 43 Hussein, Taha, 74 Kawakibi, Abdel Rahman al-, 66 Kayali, Haseeb, 66 Kazantzakis, Nikos, 19 I Kefaya, 1 Ibn Khaldun, 120 Keilany, Qamar, 45 Ibrahim, Gamil Atia, 62, 80 Kelly, Gene, 57 Ibrahim, Son’allah, 14, 62, 80, 89–94 Kerbaj, Antoine, 160, 161 Ibsen, Henrik, 109, 148 Khaddour, Fayez, 147 Idilbi, Ulfat, 45, 66, 73 Khaddour, Mahmoud, 125, 126, 142 Idris, Yusuf, 14, 19, 81, 90, 91 Khairallah, Adnan, 83 Ikhlasi, Walid, 66, 142–145 Khairi, Badi, 162 Imam, Adel, 162 Kharrat, Edwar al-, 62, 90 Imam, Sheikh al-, 133 Khoury, Colette al-, 45, 66, 73 Impressionism, 45 Khoury, Elias, 79 Inge, William, 137 Khoury, Fares al-, 73 Ionesco, 36 Khoury, Gabriel, 57 Islam, 20, 23, 26 Khoury, Jamil, 120 Ismail, Ismail Fahd, 50, 98 Khrushchev, Nikita, 90 Ismat, Riad, 15, 87, 88, 121, 135, 157 Kilo, Michel, 95 Kokash, Aladdin, 77 Kundera, Milan, 79 J Kurosawa, 50 Jaaibi, Fadhel, 105–107 Jabra, Jabra Ibrahim, 19, 50, 61 Jarry, Alfred, 36 L Jaziri, Fadhel, 105, 106, 108 Laban, Rudolf, 97 Jesus, 23–25 Lahham, Duraid, 143, 160, 161, 164 Jibali, Tawfq, al-, 105, 108 Latifa, 55 Joan of Arc, 79 Lorca, Federico García, 109, 148 Index 173

M Naqqash, Marun al-, 31, 117 Maalouf, Amin, 75 Nasrallah, Yousry, 55 Magda, 54 Nasrin, Taslima, 26 Maghout, Muhammad al-, 159–161, Nasr, Mohsen, 57 164 Nasr, Salah, 13, 131 Magical Realism, 46 Nassan-Agha, Riad, 99, 120 Magritte, René, 46 Nasser, Gamal Abdel (President), 13, Mahfouz, Naguib, 14, 19–30, 50, 54, 21, 32, 33, 41, 42, 80, 90, 93, 61–63, 65, 74, 76, 80, 81, 83, 130, 153 91, 132, 152, 164 Nawab, Muzaffar al-, 133 Mahmoud, Abdalla, 57 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 26 Makhzanji, Muhammad, 62 Nixon, Richard (President), 131 Malaika, Nazek al-, 41, 147 Nobel Prize, 19, 26, 61 Márquez, Gabriel García, 46 Nour’l Din, Shafq, 141 Marxist Democratic Movement for National Liberation (DMNK), 90 Massoud, Ghassan, 126 O Maupassant, Guy de, 63 Obama, Barack, 2, 12 Mazhar, Ahmad, 54 Obeid, Munir, 113 Meliguy, Mahmoud el-, 54 Ojeili, Abdul-Salam al-, 66 Messadi, Mahmoud al-, 106 Ojeily, Abdel Salam al-, 73 Miller, 109 O’Neill, 109 Mina, Hanna, 73, 74, 94 Orwell, George, 48, 91 Mohieddin, Mohsen, 55 Ovid and Sappho, 44 Mohsen, Samira, 134 Morsi, Muhammad, 3 Moses, 23–25 P Motawea, Karam, 132 Pervert, Jacques, 43 Mounir, Muhammad, 55 Piccoli, Michele, 54 Mubarak, Hosni (President), 1, 2, 82, Positive Neutralism, 21 94 Presley, Elvis, 40 Mubarak, Susan, 2 Munif, Abdul Rahman, 61 Muslim Brotherhood, 1, 3, 20, 27, Q 82, 141 Qabbani, Abu Khalil al-, 31, 42, 116, Myers, Robert, viii 117 Qabbani, Nizar, 14, 39–44, 61, 93 Qabbani, Sabah, 42, 44 N Qaid, Yusuf al-, 62, 80, 91, 125 Nabaa, Nazir, 75 Qajmini, Elia, 142 Nabawy, Khaled, 55 Qali, Nihad, 160 Naji, Ibrahim, 42 Qandil, Muhammad Mansi, 62 Najm, Ahmad Fuad, 133 Qanoun, Ezzeddine, 105, 108 174 Index

Qasem, Abdel Hakim, 62, 80, 91 Sajer, Fawaz al-, 116, 118, 119, 124 Qasimi, Sultan bin Muhammad al-, Salama, Hani, 55, 57 105 Salamony, Abu’l-Ola, 36 Qudssieh, Zeinati, 125 Saleh, Ahmad Abbas, 124 Quran, 26 Saleh, Ali Abdullah, 3 Quwatli, Shukri al-, 20 Saleh, Khaled, 55 Saleh, Saeed, 162 Saleh, Tayeb, 61 R Salem, Ali, 36, 111, 162–167 Rabi’ah, Omar Ibin-Abi, 44 Salem, George, 66 Racine, 34 Salibi, Maher, 126 Raheb, Hani al-, 76 Salim, Hisham, 55 Ramli, Lenin al-, 36 Samman, Ghada, 14, 19, 45–50, 61, Rashoud, Saqr al-, 113 66 Rawi, Balqis al-, 42 Samosatensis, Lucianus, 79 Ray, Satyajit, 53 Sanu, Yacub, 31 Rayyes, Riad el-, 66 Sarhan, Shukry, 132 Realism, 45 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 101 Revolution, 20, 27 Sayyab, Badr Shakir al-, 41, 147 Rezq, Amina, 141 Scheherazade, 98 Rice, Elmer, 138 Scott, Walter, 19 Rifaiya, Yassin, 66 Sebai, Fadel al-, 66 Roman, Michael, 36, 111, 162 Sebai, Yusuf al-, 19, 62 Romany, Hani el-, 118, 166 Selmawy, Muhammad, 37 Romany, Osama el-, 118, 160, 166 Shadia, 54 Roumi, Majida el-, 40, 55 Shahine, Muhammad, 118 Rushdie, Salman, 26 Shakespeare, William, 113, 120 Rushdi, Rashad, 36, 153–157, 162 Shakespeare, 125, 133, 143, 153, 157 Shalabi, Menna, 55 Shalabi, Younes, 162 S Shalaby, Khairy, 62, 81 Saadawi, Nawal el-, 62, 98–102 Sharaa, Farouk al-, 6 Sa’ed, Jihad, 161 Sharif, Omar, 54 Sabah, Souad al-, 43 Sharouni, Youssef, 62 Sabri, Saleem, 74 Sharouni, Yusuf al-, 81 Sabouni, Bilal al-, 89 Sharqawi, Abdel Rahman al-, 54, 148 Sadat, Anwar al- (President), 2, 33, Sharqawi, Jalal al-, 132, 157, 164 82, 93, 100, 131, 153, 155, 166 Shaweish, Fayzeh al-, 126 Saddiki, Tayeb, 106 Shaw, George Bernard, 33, 109 Sadi, Tayseer al-, 160 Shawqi, Ahmad, 147, 149, 152 Saghir, Al-Akhtal al-, 44 Shedrawi, Yacoub, 108 Saghira, Najat al-, 40 Shehadeh, George, 148 Saher, Kazem al-, 40 Sherif, Nour el-, 54 Index 175

Sherif, Youssef el-, 55 V Sherwood, 148 Vallejo, Antonio Buero, 119 Sirees, Nihad, 76 Sisi, Abdel Fattah el- (General), 3 Skármeta, Antonio, 126 W Sobhi, Mohie-Din, 43 Wafc, Ahmad, 55 Sobhi, Muhi-Din, 118 Wahba, Sa’d al-Din, 111, 137, 162 Social determinism, 20 Wajda, Andrzej, 53 Social Realism, 66 Wannous, Sa’dallah, 115–117, 133 Souissi, Moncef, 105 Wassef, Muna, 118 Steinbeck, John, 164 Weiss, Peter, 114, 116 Strindberg, August, 109 Williams, 109 Suleiman, Nabil, 76 Wilson, Colin, 71, 91 Suleiman, Omar, 2 Woolf, Virginia, 47 Surur, Naguib, 36, 130–135, 148, 162 Syrian Academy of Dramatic Arts, 112, 116, 119 Y Syrian State Television, 74, 85 Yacine, Kateb, 148 Yajooj and Majooj, 79 Yasiri, Faisal al-, 124 T Yousra, 54 Taha, Ali Mahmoud, 42 Youssef, Khaled, 54, 55 Taher, Bahaa, 62, 81, 94 Yusuf, Idris, 61–65, 68 Tahrir Square, 2, 3 Tamburlaine, 76, 120 Tamer, Zakaria, 14, 61, 66, 68, 69, Z 71, 72, 160 Zaghloul, Saad, 20 Tawfq, Hassan, 147 Zarqawi, Abu Musab al-, 96 Tayeb, Muhammad al-, 163 Zarzour, Fares, 73 Taymour, Mahmoud, 62 Zaydan, Jurji, 75 Tewfq, Mohsena, 54 Zeidan, Ayman, 119 Tobal, Leila, 108 Ziedan, Youssef, 62 Tobia, Majid, 62, 80, 91 Zikra, Samir, 50 Touqan, Fadwa, 41 Zola, Emile, 27 Turk, Hanan, 55 Zweta, Sabah, 107

U Umm Kulthum, 40, 139 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 84 Ursan, Ali Uqla, 78, 117