DOCSLIB.ORG

2016 Annual Report.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

International Energy Agency Implementing Agreement for Co-operation on Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Technologies and Programmes From 2016 on renamed to Technology Collaboration Programme on Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (HEV TCP) Hybrid and Electric Vehicles The Electric Drive Commutes June 2016 www.ieahev.org IA-HEV, formally known as the Implementing Agreement for Co-operation on Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Technologies and Programmes, functions within a framework created by the International Energy Agency (IEA). Views, findings, and publications of IA-HEV do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the IEA Secretariat or of all its individual member countries. From 2016 on the IA-HEV has been renamed to Technology Collaboration Programme on Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (HEV TCP). Cover Photo: Volvo electric bus. The bus is running on route 55 in Gothenburg (Sweden) as part of the ElectriCity collaboration. Further information about ElectriCity can be obtained over www.goteborgelectricity.se. (Image courtesy of Volvo Buses) The Electric Drive Commutes Cover Designer: Anita Theel, VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH ii International Energy Agency Implementing Agreement for Co-operation on Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Technologies and Programmes* Annual Report Prepared by the Executive Committee and Task 1 over the Year 2015 Hybrid and Electric Vehicles The Electric Drive Commutes Editor: Gereon Meyer (Operating Agent Task 1, VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH) Co-editors: Jadranka Dokic, Heike Jürgens, Diana M. Tobias (VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH) Contributing Authors: Markku Antikainen Tekes Finland James Barnes Barnes Tech Advising United States Martin Beermann Joanneum Research Austria Graham Brennan SEAI Ireland Carol Burelle Natural Resources Canada Canada Pierpaolo Cazzola IEA France Mario Conte ENEA Italy Cristina Corchero IREC Spain Andreas Dorda A3PS Austria Julie Francis Allegheny Science & Technology United States Marine Gorner IEA France Halil S. Hamut TÜBITAK MRC Turkey David Howell U.S. Department of Energy United States Gerfried Jungmeier Joanneum Research Austria Peter Kasche Swedish Energy Agency Sweden Florian Kleiner DLR Germany Mikko Koskue Tekes Finland Juan Fco. Larrazábal Roche IDEA Spain Matthias Laske FZ Jülich Germany Jun Li CATARC China Ock Taeck Lim University of Ulsan Rep. of Korea Ignacio Martin CIRCE Spain Gereon Meyer VDI/VDE-IT Germany James F. Miller Argonne National Laboratory United States Carlo Mol VITO Belgium Sonja Munnix Netherlands Enterprise Agency The Netherlands Urs Muntwyler IA-HEV chairman Switzerland Hannes Neupert EnergyBus Germany Michael Nikowitz A3PS Austria Burak Ozpineci Oak Ridge National Laboratory United States Doruk Özdemir DLR Germany Maxime Pasquier ADEME France Carrie Pottinger IEA France Michael Rask Danish Energy Agency Denmark Luís Reis INTELI Portugal Aymeric Rousseau Argonne National Laboratory United States Manel Sanmarti IREC Spain Stephan Schmid DLR Germany Masahiro Suzuki METI Japan Philipp Walser Association e’mobile Switzerland Tim Ward OLEV United Kingdom Bert Witkamp AVERE Belgium Astrid Wolfbeisser A3PS Austria * from 2016 on renamed to HEV TCP; in this report the terms IA-HEV and HEV TCP are used as synonyms. iii Contents Page A: About IA-HEV 1 Chairperson’s Message 2015 1 2 The IEA and its Implementing Agreement on Hybrid and Electric Vehicles 11 3 Personnel Changes in the IA-HEV 29 B: IA-HEV Tasks 4 Task 1 – Information Exchange 31 5 Task 10 – Electrochemical Systems 35 6 Task 17 – System Optimization and Vehicle Integration 41 7 Task 19 – Life Cycle Assessment of EVs 53 8 Task 20 – Quick Charging Technology 69 9 Task 21 – Accelerated Ageing Testing for Li-ion Batteries 75 10 Task 23 – Light-Electric-Vehicle Parking and Charging Infrastructure 79 11 Task 24 – Economic Impact Assessment of E-Mobility 87 12 Task 25 – Plug-in Electric Vehicles 91 13 Task 26 – Wireless Power Transfer for EVs 103 14 Task 27 – Electrification of Transport Logistic Vehicles (eLogV) 109 15 Task 28 – Home Grids and V2X Technologies 115 16 Task 29 – Electrified, Connected and Automated Vehicles 123 17 Task 30 – Assessment of Environmental Effects of Electric Vehicles 125 18 Task 31 – Fuels and Energy Carriers for Transport 129 C: Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (H&EVs) Worldwide 19 Overview 133 20 Austria 135 21 Belgium 145 22 Canada 161 23 Denmark 175 24 Finland 185 v C: Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (H&EVs) Worldwide (Cont.) 25 France 193 26 Germany 203 27 Ireland 215 28 Italy 221 29 The Netherlands 233 30 Portugal 247 31 Republic of Korea (South Korea) 255 32 Spain 261 33 Sweden 267 34 Switzerland 273 35 Turkey 285 36 United Kingdom 289 37 United States 299 Developments in Selected IA-HEV Non-Member Countries: China, Japan, 38 313 and Norway D: Practical Information IA-HEV Publications 325 Vehicle Categories 333 Abbreviations 335 IA-HEV Contact Information 345 vi 1 Chairperson’s Message Technology Collaboration Programme on Hybrid and Electric Vehicles HEV TCP of the International Energy Agency IEA enters the 5th phase 2015-2020 – New secretary Dr. James F. Miller elected – 17 member countries work in 12 different working groups – Growth of electric drive trains goes on – Big differences from country to country and from car producer to car producer Entering the 5th Working Phase In 2015, the International Energy Agency IEA started rebranding of Implementing Agreements as Technology Collaboration Programmes (TCPs)1. From 2016 on, the name IA-HEV is changed to “Technology Collaboration Programme for co- operation on Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Technologies and Programmes (HEV TCP)”. Since the end of 2015 the HEV TCP entered its 5th working phase. The mission statement and the strategic objectives of the HEV TCP were developed by the members of the executive committee of all member countries and the operating agents of the different tasks in several preparations meetings since 2013. The strategic objectives for the HEV TCP in the 5th phase from 2015-2020 are: 1. Produce and disseminate objective information for policy and decision makers on H&EV technology, projects and programmes, and their effects on energy efficiency and the environment. 2. Be a platform for reliable information on hybrid and electric vehicles. 3. Collaborate on pre-competitive research projects, and investigate the need for further research in promising areas. 4. Collaborate with IEA transport related IAs, and with specific groups or committees. The Electric Drive Train Accelerates This was the motto of our annual report in 2014 and it describes well what was happening at the start of the 5th phase in 2015. The background of the 5th phase is more positive for the electric drive trains than ever before. In the 4th phase we have seen a new class of cars on the market, the “plug-in-hybrid”-concept with the “Opel Ampera/Chevrolet Volt” as the “car of the year 2012”. Hybrid cars are more 1 Presented to the Committee on Energy Research and Technology of the IEA (CERT) and communicated to all the TCP Chairs on 2 March, 2016. www.ieahev.org 1 2016 IA-HEV ANNUAL REPORT and more common in the product range of all car producers. But still Toyota, the pioneer of the hybrid concept is leading the field with an unmatched range of cars. Toyota profits from the early efforts it started in the last century. Figure 1: Global plug-in light vehicle sales 2011-2015 (Source: Argonne National Laboratory 2/ 2016) Sales of battery electric vehicles BEV are still small in most of the countries. But the growing rates look promising. At the end of 2015, we had about 1.3 million EVs and PHVs on the streets. This number has doubled since 2014. The number of different cars is still small and is dominated by small cars as the Nissan Leaf, which is the leader in sales with now over 100,000 EVs in total. This is still remarkable and reflects the status of Nissan as the leader in the BEV segment. Most discussed in the field of BEV is the “Tesla S”. This luxury high performance car is dominating the media and impresses car journalists and car drivers with its acceleration, performance, and new features. “Tesla” is the first new car producer which could enter a market segment and dominates it in some OECD countries. In some countries, the Tesla S is leading the market of luxury cars against all known brands. Tesla has a new sales concept and also solves the recharging problem with its own standard. It will be interesting to see how the other car producers react, especially when the new Tesla models, the SUV “X” and the mass market model “Tesla 3” are entering the market. The New Car Markets for EVS China is one of the leaders in e-mobility. The commitment of the government to e- mobility is remarkable. Together with the leading role in the market for renewable electricity with hydro, wind, and PV, the electric car is perfect for China. China has 2 www.ieahev.org CHAPTER 1 – CHAIRPERSON’S MESSAGE a young and very strong car market. This offers the e-mobility new chances. The HEV TCP will enhance the contact with the EV-specialists of the Chinese government and wants to invite them to the technology collaboration group HEV TCP. India announced a program for electric vehicles up to 2030. This and new countries from the developing world should be in the focus of the HEV TCP group as well. Limits of the Combustion Technologies Visible The “Volkswagen scandal”, with the cheated exhaust treatments, demonstrated drastically that the conventional IECVs come to their limits. It can be expected that the emission levels will be more stringent from period to period. To match them, the technical treatment is more and more complicated and has influences on other technical parameters as the consumption. It’s a difficult choice when an old technology has to be given up.
Recommended publications
  • Forecasting Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using TFDEA

    Forecasting Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using TFDEA

    Portland State University PDXScholar Engineering and Technology Management Faculty Publications and Presentations Engineering and Technology Management 2013 Forecasting Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using TFDEA Shabnam Razeghian Jahromi Portland State University Anca-Alexandra Tudori Delft University of Technology Timothy R. Anderson Portland State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/etm_fac Part of the Engineering Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Citation Details Jahromi, Shabnam Razeghian; Tudori, Anca-Alexandra; and Anderson, Timothy R., Forecasting Hybrid Electric Vehicles using TFDEA, Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), Portland, OR, 2013. This Article is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Engineering and Technology Management Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. 2013 Proceedings of PICMET '13: Technology Management for Emerging Technologies. Forecasting Hybrid Electric Vehicles using TFDEA Shabnam Razeghian Jahromi1, Anca-Alexandra Tudori2, Timothy R. Anderson1 1Dept. of Engineering and Technology Management, Portland State University, Portland, OR - USA 2Delft University of Technology, Delft, Holland Abstract--The Toyota Prius was introduced in Japan fifteen improved in plug-in hybrids that have the possibility of years ago and over 60 additional hybrid electric vehicles recharging their battery by an external grid. automobiles and redesigns have been brought to the market The significant contribution of Electric vehicles in around the world since that time. There is major interest in decreasing both oil dependency and CO2 emission have made future of the electric cars as using “the alternative fuel” can them a hot topic and their technological trend in future is now significantly decrease the environmental and fuel dependency concerns.
  • SAIC MOTOR CORPORATION LIMITED Annual Report 2016

    SAIC MOTOR CORPORATION LIMITED Annual Report 2016

    SAIC MOTOR ANNUAL REPORT 2016 Company Code：600104 Abbreviation of Company: SAIC SAIC MOTOR CORPORATION LIMITED Annual Report 2016 Important Note 1. Board of directors (the "Board"), board of supervisors, directors, supervisors and senior management of the Company certify that this report does not contain any false or misleading statements or material omissions and are jointly and severally liable for the authenticity, accuracy and integrity of the content. 2. All directors attended Board meetings. 3. Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Certified Public Accountants LLP issued standard unqualified audit report for the Company. 4. Mr. Chen Hong, Chairman of the Board, Mr. Wei Yong, the chief financial officer, and Ms. Gu Xiao Qiong. Head of Accounting Department, certify the authenticity, accuracy and integrity of the financial statements contained in the annual report of the current year. 5. Plan of profit distribution or capital reserve capitalization approved by the Board The Company plans to distribute cash dividends of RMB 16.50 (inclusive of tax) per 10 shares, amounting to RMB 19,277,711,252.25 in total based on total shares of 11,683,461,365. The Company has no plan of capitalization of capital reserve this year. The cash dividend distribution for the recent three years accumulates to RMB48,605,718,485.39 in total (including the year of 2016). 6. Risk statement of forward-looking description √Applicable □N/A The forward-looking description on future plan and development strategy in this report does not constitute substantive commitment to investors. Please note the investment risk. 7. Does the situation exist where the controlling shareholders and their related parties occupy the funds of the Company for non-operational use? No.
  • Presentation to Repsol

    Presentation to Repsol

    The global EV market: where to from here? Colin McKerracher – Head of Advanced Transport Bloomberg New Energy Finance @colinmckerrache July 10, 2017 Analysis to help you understand the future of energy Solar Wind Power and Gas Carbon Energy Smart Storage Electric Mobility and Frontier Emerging Utilities Markets & Technologies Vehicles Autonomous Power Technologies Climate Driving Americas Europe, Middle East Asia Pacific & Africa 1 July 10, 2017 Global EV sales by region 2011-2017e, thousand units YoY growth +69% +40% +56% +55% +47% Thousand units 1,200 We expect passenger EV 1,018 1,000 sales to be just over 1m in 46 2017 800 218 695 21 600 158 283 448 23 400 209 288 32 115 206 29 200 122 27 116 182 435 96 36 283 30 96 56 66 114 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 China Europe US Japan Canada South Korea RoW Note: Includes highway-capable PHEV and BEV passenger vehicles only; RoW is “Rest of World” 2 July 10, 2017 Countries where EVs were above 1% of total passenger vehicle sales Bloomberg New Energy Finance, Marklines 3 July 10, 2017 BEV model availability, 2008-20 Jaguar Tesla VW I.D.* Land Rover Toyota Trumpchi VW I.D. CROZZ Defender RAV4 GS4 I-Pace pickup* Mitsubishi eX BMW i5 Volvo 40.2* SUVs/Trucks Tesla Tesla M-B EQ VW Model Y* Model X Chehejia Audi E-tron Budd-e M-B B-Class BYD e6 NIO ES8* SUV* Quattro Porsche E-sport Renault DeZir Qianto Q50 Venturi Fetish Tesla Roadster Tesla Model S Sports cars Tesla Roadster* M-B SLS eDrive Hyundai Ioniq Aston Martin GLM G4 NIO ES9 Audi R8 E-tron Exagon Furtive Mahindra eVerito RapidE Geely Emgrand NIO EVE ChangAn SAIC E-Lavida Tesla Model 3 LeEco LeSEE Eado Mullen 700e Lucid Air Sedans CODA EV Audi E-tron Faraday Honda Clarity BAIC EU260 Sportback JAC iEV4 Renault Fluence BYD e5 FF91 Kia Ray Hyundai BMW i3 M-B E-Cell BlueOn VW e-Golf Chevy Bolt VW I.D.
  • Semi Annual Report 2017 Download

    Semi Annual Report 2017 Download

    SEMI-ANNUAL REPORT 2017 EASTERN PROPERTY HOLDINGS SEMI-ANNUAL REPORT 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 MANAGEMENT REPORT 05 STATEMENT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 06 OPERATING AND PROPERTY REVIEW EXTERNAL REPORTS 10 REPORT FROM THE PRINCIPAL EXTERNAL VALUER 11 INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT FINANCIAL REPORT 14 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 19 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS GENERAL INFORMATION 42 CORPORATE DETAILS MANAGEMENT REPORT PROPERTY REVIEW STATEMENT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 5 The Russian real estate market has so far remained stable, thus, has not re- covered. Our properties – being Prime Class A office/retail properties located in the heart of Moscow only show a slight decrease in value owed to the gen- eral market development. It should be noted, however, that valuation of real estate assets involves a significant number of assumptions and judgment calls by the valuers. These variables include, but are not limited to: future rent and sales price levels, amount of time needed to rent or sell space, exchange rates. Varying any of these factors can have a material impact on valuations. When possible, valuers make their assumptions based on available evidence. Dear Shareholders, When such evidence is lacking, which is the case in the current Russian market, it is necessary to make more judgments than is usually required. In the first half-year of 2017, Eastern Property Holdings Group has focused The current values of the Group’s properties are based on the assumptions on the integration of its first Western European property, City Gate, a newly that reflect market conditions, existing and contracted rental agreements as constructed Class A office and retail complex in Stuttgart, Germany.
  • 25Th International Colloquim of Gerpisa Revolutions New

    25Th International Colloquim of Gerpisa Revolutions New

    25th International Colloquim of Gerpisa Revolutions New Technologies and services in the automotive industry 14-16 june 2017 ENS Cachan, Paris. Electric vehicle platform strategies by Chinese automakers: what's going on on EV arena in China? Sergio Muñiz & Bruce Belzowski Electric Vehicle Platform Strategies by Chinese Automakers: What’s Going On EV Arena In China? Presentation for the 25th Gerpisa International Colloquium 2017 - Paris (Cachan): R/Evolutions. New technologies and services in the automotive industry BRUCE M. BELZOWSKI SERGIO TADEU GONÇALVES MUNIZ CAMILLE CU Belzowski, Bruce; Muniz, Sergio; Cu, Camille. - Electric Vehicle Platform Strategies by Chinese Automakers: What’s Going On EV Arena In China? THE AUTHORS: Bruce M. Belzowski Managing Director of University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI) Automotive Futures Group. Sergio Tadeu Gonçalves Muniz Associate Professor - Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Brazil and was visiting researcher at University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI), Automotive Futures Group. Camille Cu Undergraduate Student at University of Michigan. UMTRI Automotive Futures Assistant in Research. Belzowski, Bruce; Muniz, Sergio; Cu, Camille. - Electric Vehicle Platform Strategies by Chinese Automakers: What’s Going On EV Arena In China? Chinese market In the EV market, more than 95% of the market are dominated by domestic brands: the price and government subsidies are crucial. China electric vehicle industry: 200+ carmakers, with currently about 4,000 new energy vehicle (NEV) models in development. China became the world’s leading automotive market in 2009. China surpassed the U.S. in 2015 to become the world’s biggest market for New Energy Vehicles (NEVs): comprising PHEVs, BEVs, FCEVs Great Potential: in United States: 0.8 vehicles/resident; in China: 0.1 vehicles/resident.
  • Borgward BX7 TS

    Borgward BX7 TS

    BORGWARD BX7 TS PRICE LIST effective as of September 1st, 2018 Complete Equipment, Superior Comfort, Convincing Safety The most important details of Borgward BX7 TS at a glance: Model EUR incl. VAT.1 Borgward BX7 TS 44,200.00 EURO Motor Drive Transmission Output2 Fuel consumption2, Efficiency class / 2 2 System System CO2-Emission Emission standard 2.0 TGDI All-wheel 6-speed auto- 165 kW Urban: 14.2 l / 100 km - 322 g/km F / EURO 6d temp drive matic torque (224 HP) Extra urban: 8.0 l / 100 km - 182 g/km converter Combined: 10.2 l / 100 km - 233 g/km transmission 1 Customer price incl. 19% German VAT and delivery costs when retrieved in Stuttgart (at Borgward Group AG); excl. delivery costs at desired location. 2 The data was measured according to the new WLTP. To keep the vehicles‘ comparability of this data with the previous measurement methodology NEFZ, this data is correlated reckoned back to NEFZ data standards due to the statutory provisions. For details related to the used measuring method VO (EG) 715 / 2007, VO (EU) 2017 / 1151, please refer to last page. Exterior equipment Exterior & interior colours Remote keyless entry, engine start-stop-button Xenon head lights in dark-hued TS-optic, LED day running light, static cornering light, light automatic, Follow-me-home function, fog lights Panoramic glass sunroof with an electrical sliding and hub function and electrically operated sunshade Tinted, heat insulated windows with UV filtering Rain sensor Electric power tailgate Electric adjustable, foldable and heated outer mirrors with
  • Stanphyl Capital Management LLC Stanphyl Capital GP, LLC Stanphyl Capital Partners LP

    Stanphyl Capital Management LLC Stanphyl Capital GP, LLC Stanphyl Capital Partners LP

    Stanphyl Capital Management LLC Stanphyl Capital GP, LLC Stanphyl Capital Partners LP Friends and Fellow Investors: For June 2018 the fund was down approximately 13.8% (no that is not a misprint- please see the paragraph below) net of all fees and expenses. By way of comparison, the S&P 500 was up approximately 0.6% while the Russell 2000 was up approximately 0.7%. Year-to-date the fund is down approximately 16.2% while the S&P 500 is up approximately 2.6% and the Russell 2000 is up approximately 7.7%. Since inception on June 1, 2011 the fund is up approximately 67.4% net while the S&P 500 is up approximately 134.7% and the Russell 2000 is up approximately 113.7%. Since inception the fund has compounded at approximately 7.6% net annually vs 12.8% for the S&P 500 and 11.3% for the Russell 2000. (The S&P and Russell performances are based on their “Total Returns” indices which include reinvested dividends.) As always, investors will receive the fund’s exact performance figures from its outside administrator within a week or two; meanwhile I continue to waive the annual management fee until the entire fund regains its high- water mark. The fund was absolutely massacred this month, and it was primarily due to our large short position in Tesla, to which I added on each new piece of negative news, much of which was indicative of the kind of outright fraud (see below) that would immediately send a “normal stock” into a death spiral, and yet for most of the month Tesla’s stock kept levitating.
  • PHEV-EV Charger Technology Assessment with an Emphasis on V2G Operation

    PHEV-EV Charger Technology Assessment with an Emphasis on V2G Operation

    ORNL/TM-2010/221 PHEV-EV Charger Technology Assessment with an Emphasis on V2G Operation March 2012 Prepared by Mithat C. Kisacikoglu Abdulkadir Bedir Burak Ozpineci Leon M. Tolbert DOCUMENT AVAILABILITY Reports produced after January 1, 1996, are generally available free via the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Information Bridge. Web site: http://www.osti.gov/bridge Reports produced before January 1, 1996, may be purchased by members of the public from the following source. National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 Telephone: 703-605-6000 (1-800-553-6847) TDD: 703-487-4639 Fax: 703-605-6900 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.ntis.gov/support/ordernowabout.htm Reports are available to DOE employees, DOE contractors, Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDE) representatives, and International Nuclear Information System (INIS) representatives from the following source. Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831 Telephone: 865-576-8401 Fax: 865-576-5728 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.osti.gov/contact.html This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.
  • Chapter 2 the Electric Vehicle Industry in China and India

    Chapter 2 the Electric Vehicle Industry in China and India

    Chapter 2 The Electric Vehicle Industry in China and India: The Role of Governments for Industry Development Martin Lockström Thomas Callarman Liu Lei 1 Introduction With the Copenhagen discussions recently taken place, it is fair to say that the acknowledgement of global warming as a potential threat to our planet has never been greater. Despite the lack of all-embracing, world-wide consensus, the trend is nevertheless going toward a situation with strengthened control and regulatory frameworks in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Recently, the G8 countries signed a treaty to reduce average global temperature by two degrees centigrade until year 2050. However, this calls for a multilateral commitment at all levels of society – from the beginning of the supply chain starting with raw materials extractors, not ending at the final consumer, but also considering waste and disposal after consumption. Virtually all industries are affected and especially big emitters like the automotive industry. Countries like China and India are here not exceptions, as they have both proclaimed far-reaching measures to address the global warming issue. Interestingly, whereas most Western countries have argued about pollution costs and consumer adoption, developing countries like China and India have embraced the current situation as an opportunity to turn greenhouse gas reduction into a business case and to take technological leadership in the field, focusing on the development of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrids. Due to the threat from global warming, China, among many other nations around the world, has committed itself to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. Furthermore, with increasing local pollution levels, increased traffic congestion, and also an ever-increasing demand for natural resources, has made the Chinese central government implementing new tougher measures in order to mitigate the current situation.
  • Volume 64, Issue 3, July 2020 Published by Johnson Matthey © Copyright 2020 Johnson Matthey

    Volume 64, Issue 3, July 2020 Published by Johnson Matthey © Copyright 2020 Johnson Matthey

    ISSN 2056-5135 Johnson Matthey’s international journal of research exploring science and technology in industrial applications Volume 64, Issue 3, July 2020 Published by Johnson Matthey www.technology.matthey.com © Copyright 2020 Johnson Matthey Johnson Matthey Technology Review is published by Johnson Matthey Plc. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. You may share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any lawful purpose. You must give appropriate credit to the author and publisher. You may not use the material for commercial purposes without prior permission. You may not distribute modifi ed material without prior permission. The rights of users under exceptions and limitations, such as fair use and fair dealing, are not aff ected by the CC licenses. www.technology.matthey.com www.technology.matthey.com Johnson Matthey’s international journal of research exploring science and technology in industrial applications Contents Volume 64, Issue 3, July 2020 234 Guest Editorial: Johnson Matthey Technology Review Special Edition on Clean Mobility By Andy Walker 236 Powering the Future through Hydrogen and Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells By Bo Ki Hong, Sae Hoon Kim and Chi Myung Kim 252 Exploring the Impact of Policy on Road Transport in 2050 By Huw Davies 263 Sustainable Aviation Fuels By Ausilio Bauen, Niccolò Bitossi, Lizzie German, Anisha Harris and Khangzhen Leow 279 Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle Drivers and Future Station Planning By Scott Kelley, Michael Kuby, Oscar Lopez Jaramillo, Rhian Stotts, Aimee Krafft and Darren Ruddell 287 Battery Materials Technology Trends and Market Drivers for Automotive Applications By Sarah Ball, Joanna Clark and James Cookson 298 Adaptable Reactors for Resource- and Energy-Efficient Methane Valorisation (ADREM) By Emmanouela Korkakaki, Stéphane Walspurger, Koos Overwater, Hakan Nigar, Ignacio Julian, Georgios D.
  • QYT AUTO PARTS CO., LTD Email: Info@Qytauto.Com ; Inquiry@Qytauto.Com Whatsapp: +86 13634216230 QYT No

    QYT AUTO PARTS CO., LTD Email: [email protected] ; [email protected] Whatsapp: +86 13634216230 QYT No

    QYT AUTO PARTS CO., LTD Email: [email protected] ; [email protected] WhatsApp: +86 13634216230 QYT no. Description Corss Ref. Application TOYOTA;LEXUS (SO0001‐SO0300) TOYOTA CAMRY ACV40 06‐12; SO0001 Steering Tie rod ends 45470‐09090 LEXUS LEXUS ES350/ES240 07‐ TOYOTA CAMRY ACV40 06‐12; SO0002 Steering Tie rod ends 45460‐09140 LEXUS LEXUS ES350/ES240 07‐ TOYOTA CAMRY SO0003 Steering Tie rod ends 45460‐09160 ACV50(2012‐) TOYOTA CAMRY SO0004 Steering Tie rod ends 45460‐09250 ACV50(2012‐) GEELY PANDA,HAIJING,GEELY YUANJING, YUANJING 18‐, SO0005 Steering Tie rod ends 45047‐49045 YUANJINGX3,GEELY EMGRAND EC7,GEELY ENGLON ,BINRUI;BYD F0,BYD F3/F3R/G3/G3R/L3;TOYOTA COROLLA;LIFAN LIFAN 620;JAC YUEYUE GEELY PANDA,HAIJING,GEELY YUANJING, YUANJING 18‐, SO0006 Steering Tie rod ends 45046‐49115 YUANJINGX3,GEELY EMGRAND EC7,GEELY ENGLON ,BINRUI;BYD F0,BYD F3/F3R/G3/G3R/L3;TOYOTA COROLLA;LIFAN LIFAN 620;JAC YUEYUE CHANGAN RAETON;TOYOTA CAMRY2.4/3.0 (03),PREVIA ACR30 (34M); SO0007 Steering Tie rod ends 45460‐39615 LEXUS ES300/MCV30 01‐06 CHANGAN RAETON;TOYOTA CAMRY2.4/3.0 (03),PREVIA ACR30 (34M); SO0008 Steering Tie rod ends 45470‐39215 LEXUS ES300/MCV30 01‐06 BYD SURUI,SONG MAX;ZOTYE Z300; SO0009 Steering Tie rod ends 45046‐09590 TOYOTA COROLLA 07‐/VERSO 11‐/LEVIN 14‐ BYD SURUI ,SONG MAX;ZOTYE Z300; SO0010 Steering Tie rod ends 45047‐09590 TOYOTA COROLLA 07‐/VERSO 11‐/LEVIN 14‐ SO0011 Steering Tie rod ends 45464‐30060 TOYOTA REIZ/CROWN;LEXUS LEXUS IS250/300 06‐,GS300/350/430 05‐ SO0012 Steering Tie rod ends 45463‐30130 TOYOTA REIZ/CROWN;LEXUS LEXUS
  • Sustainable Transportation with Electric Vehicles

    Sustainable Transportation with Electric Vehicles

    Full text available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/3100000016 Sustainable Transportation with Electric Vehicles Fanxin Kong University of Pennsylvania Xue Liu McGill University Boston — Delft Full text available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/3100000016 Foundations and Trends R in Electric Energy Sys- tems Published, sold and distributed by: now Publishers Inc. PO Box 1024 Hanover, MA 02339 United States Tel. +1-781-985-4510 www.nowpublishers.com [email protected] Outside North America: now Publishers Inc. PO Box 179 2600 AD Delft The Netherlands Tel. +31-6-51115274 The preferred citation for this publication is F. Kong and X. Liu. Sustainable Transportation with Electric Vehicles. Foundations and Trends R in Electric Energy Systems, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–132, 2017. R This Foundations and Trends issue was typeset in LATEX using a class file designed by Neal Parikh. Printed on acid-free paper. ISBN: 978-1-68083-388-1 c 2017 F. Kong and X. Liu All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publishers. Photocopying. In the USA: This journal is registered at the Copyright Clearance Cen- ter, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by now Publishers Inc for users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC). The ‘services’ for users can be found on the internet at: www.copyright.com For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license, a separate system of payment has been arranged.