PHEV-EV Charger Technology Assessment with an Emphasis on V2G Operation
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Forecasting Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using TFDEA
Portland State University PDXScholar Engineering and Technology Management Faculty Publications and Presentations Engineering and Technology Management 2013 Forecasting Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using TFDEA Shabnam Razeghian Jahromi Portland State University Anca-Alexandra Tudori Delft University of Technology Timothy R. Anderson Portland State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/etm_fac Part of the Engineering Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Citation Details Jahromi, Shabnam Razeghian; Tudori, Anca-Alexandra; and Anderson, Timothy R., Forecasting Hybrid Electric Vehicles using TFDEA, Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), Portland, OR, 2013. This Article is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Engineering and Technology Management Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. 2013 Proceedings of PICMET '13: Technology Management for Emerging Technologies. Forecasting Hybrid Electric Vehicles using TFDEA Shabnam Razeghian Jahromi1, Anca-Alexandra Tudori2, Timothy R. Anderson1 1Dept. of Engineering and Technology Management, Portland State University, Portland, OR - USA 2Delft University of Technology, Delft, Holland Abstract--The Toyota Prius was introduced in Japan fifteen improved in plug-in hybrids that have the possibility of years ago and over 60 additional hybrid electric vehicles recharging their battery by an external grid. automobiles and redesigns have been brought to the market The significant contribution of Electric vehicles in around the world since that time. There is major interest in decreasing both oil dependency and CO2 emission have made future of the electric cars as using “the alternative fuel” can them a hot topic and their technological trend in future is now significantly decrease the environmental and fuel dependency concerns. -
Design of an Efficient, Low Weight Battery Electric Vehicle Based on a VW Lupo 3L
© EVS-25 Shenzhen, China, Nov. 5-9, 2010 The 25th World Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Symposium & Exhibition Design of an efficient, low weight battery electric vehicle based on a VW Lupo 3L I.J.M. Besselink1, P.F. van Oorschot1, E. Meinders1, and H. Nijmeijer1 1Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands E-mail: [email protected] Abstract—A battery electric vehicle is being developed at the Eindhoven University of Technology, which will be used in future research projects regarding electric mobility. Energy storage in batteries is still at least 25 times heavier and has 10 times the volume in comparison to fossil fuel. This leads to an increase of the vehicle weight, especially when trying to maximise the range. A set of specifications is derived, taking into consideration the mobility requirements of people living in the Netherlands and the capabilities of electric vehicles. The VW Lupo 3L 1.2 TDI has been selected as the vehicle to be converted into a battery electric vehicle, since it has many favourable characteristics such as a very low mass and good aerodynamics. The design choices considering the power train and component selection are discussed in detail. Finally the battery electric Lupo is compared to the original Lupo 3L considering energy usage, costs per km and CO2 emissions. With respect to these aspects the advantages of electric propulsion are relatively small, as the donor vehicle is already very fuel efficient. Copyright Form of EVS25. Keywords—battery electric vehicle, power train, vehicle performance project is to develop and demonstrate environmentally 1. -
One Million Electric Vehicles by 2015
One Million Electric Vehicles By 2015 February 2011 Status Report 1 Executive Summary President Obama’s goal of putting one million electric vehicles on the road by 2015 represents a key milestone toward dramatically reducing dependence on oil and ensuring that America leads in the growing electric vehicle manufacturing industry. Although the goal is ambitious, key steps already taken and further steps proposed indicate the goal is achievable. Indeed, leading vehicle manufacturers already have plans for cumulative U.S. production capacity of more than 1.2 million electric vehicles by 2015, according to public announcements and news reports. While it appears that the goal is within reach in terms of production capacity, initial costs and lack of familiarity with the technology could be barriers. For that reason, President Obama has proposed steps to accelerate America’s leadership in electric vehicle deployment, including improvements to existing consumer tax credits, programs to help cities prepare for growing demand for electric vehicles and strong support for research and development. Introduction In his 2011 State of the Union address, President Obama called for putting one million electric vehicles on the road by 2015 – affirming and highlighting a goal aimed at building U.S. leadership in technologies that reduce our dependence on oil.1 Electric vehicles (“EVs”) – a term that includes plug-in hybrids, extended range electric vehicles and all- electric vehicles -- represent a key pathway for reducing petroleum dependence, enhancing environmental stewardship and promoting transportation sustainability, while creating high quality jobs and economic growth. To achieve these benefits and reach the goal, President Obama has proposed a new effort that supports advanced technology vehicle adoption through improvements to tax credits in current law, investments in R&D and competitive “With more research and incentives, programs to encourage communities to invest we can break our dependence on oil in infrastructure supporting these vehicles. -
Comment 1 for ZEV 2008 (Zev2008) - 45 Day
Comment 1 for ZEV 2008 (zev2008) - 45 Day. First Name: Jim Last Name: Stack Email Address: [email protected] Affiliation: Subject: ZEV vehicles Comment: The only true ZEV vehicles are pure electric that chanrge on renewables Today 96% of the hydrogen is made from fossil fuels. This can be improved on but will take a long time. Today we already have very good Electric Vehicles liek the RAV4 with NiMH batteries that have lasted over 100,000 miles. Too bad Toyota stopped making it. We also have the Tesla and Ebox. Please do what is right. Jim Attachment: Original File Name: Date and Time Comment Was Submitted: 2008-02-16 11:19:59 No Duplicates. Comment 2 for ZEV 2008 (zev2008) - 45 Day. First Name: Star Last Name: Irvine Email Address: [email protected] Affiliation: NEV Owner Subject: MSV in ZEV regulations Comment: I as a NEV owner (use my OKA NEV ZEV about 3,000 miles annually) would like to see MSV (Medium Speed Vehicles) included in ZEV mandate so they can be available in California. I own two other vehicles FORD FOCUS and FORD Crown Vic. I my OKA NEV could go 35 MPH I would drive it at least twice as much as I currently do, and I would feel much safer doing so. 25 MPH top speed for NEV seriously limits its use and practicality for every day commuting. Attachment: Original File Name: Date and Time Comment Was Submitted: 2008-02-19 23:07:01 No Duplicates. Comment 3 for ZEV 2008 (zev2008) - 45 Day. First Name: Miro Last Name: Kefurt Email Address: [email protected] Affiliation: OKA AUTO USA Subject: MSV definition and inclusion in ZEV 2008 Comment: We believe that it is important that the ZEV regulations should be more specific in definition of "CITY" ZEV as to its capabilities and equipment. -
Batteries Technical Addendum
new energy futures paper: batteries technical addendum ©2019 Vector Ltd 1 note contents 1. Legislation and Policy Review 5 3. Battery Data and Projections 22 This Technical Addendum is intended 1.1 Waste Minimisation Act 2008 5 3.1 Battery Numbers and Trends 22 to accompany the Vector New Energy 1.1.1 Waste Levy 5 3.1.1 Global Trends 22 Futures Paper on Batteries and the Circular Economy. With special thanks 1.1.2 Product Stewardship 5 3.1.2 New Zealand Vehicle Fleet 23 to Eunomia Research & Consulting 1.1.3 Regulated Product 3.2 Future Projections 26 Stewardship for large batteries 6 for providing primary research and 3.2.1 Global Electric Vehicle Thinkstep Australasia for providing 1.1.4 Waste Minimisation Fund 7 Projections 26 information to Vector on battery Life 1.2 Emissions Trading Scheme 7 3.2.2 Buses and Heavy Vehicles 27 Cycle Assessment. 1.2.1 Proposed Changes to the 3.2.3 NZ End of Life EV Battery NZ ETS 8 Projections 27 1.3 Climate Change Response 3.3 Other Future Developments 28 (Zero Carbon) Amendment Bill 8 4. Recovery Pathways 29 1.4 Electric Vehicles Programme 9 4.1 Current Pathways 29 1.5 Electric Vehicles Programme 10 4.1.1 Collection 29 1.6 Voluntary Codes of Practice 10 4.1.2 Reuse/Repurposing 29 1.6.1 Motor Industry Association: 4.1.3 Global Recycling Capacity 30 Code of Practice - Recycling of 4.1.4 Lithium 31 Traction Batteries (2014) 10 4.1.5 Cobalt 33 1.6.2 Australian Battery Recycling Initiative (ABRI) 10 4.1.6 Graphite 35 1.7 International Agreements 11 5. -
System Dynamics Simulation of Income Distribution and Electric Vehicle Diffusion for Electricity Planning in South Africa by Nalini Sooknanan Pillay
System Dynamics Simulation of Income Distribution and Electric Vehicle Diffusion for 25 JulyElectricity 2016 Planning in South Africa By Nalini Sooknanan Pillay Dissertation presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Industrial Engineering at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Prof AC Brent Co-supervisor: Prof JK Musango Co-supervisor: Prof SS Grobbelaar December 2018 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated); that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights; and that I have not previously, in its entirety or in part, submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Date: December 2018 Copyright © 2018 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved 2 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Abstract The electricity generation industry has developed a symbiotic interdependence with the social, environmental, economic and political ecologies in the country, resulting in divergent complexities, which require non-linear model-based planning methodologies. Some of the determinants influencing the power industry include technologies, such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs), which have gained prominence as a possible option to support South Africa’s climate change commitments. This study used an adapted system dynamics modelling process to determine the provincial affordability of BEVs in South Africa so that amended regional forecasts of BEVs could be established to plan for charging infrastructure, environmental impacts in the energy and transport sectors, as well as changes in electricity consumption. -
Why Electromobility and What Is It?
2 WHY ELECTROMOBILITY AND WHAT IS IT? Anders Grauers Department of Signals and Systems, Chalmers University of Technology* Steven Sarasini Department of Energy and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology** Magnus Karlström Chalmers Industriteknik * Automatic control research group ** Division of Environmental Systems Analysis Chapter reviewer: Björn Sandén, Environmental Systems Analysis, Energy and Environment, Chalmers In this chapter we examine the notion of electromobility and aim to provide a working definition of the term that underpins the analyses presented in the rest of this e-book. We also describe electromobility in technological terms by presenting various technological configurations of electric vehicles, charging infrastructure and energy supply. We then proceed to examine why electromobility is currently supported as a favourable means to transform road transport by discussing drivers and barriers of change in the automotive industry. Whilst electromobility repre- sents a significant technical challenge, it also requires complex social changes. By arguing from different perspectives we hope to illustrate that electromobility is best understood by considering a range of systemic perspectives found in this and later chapters of this e-book. WHAT IS ELECTROMOBILITY? In this e-book we define electromobility as a road transport system based on vehicles that are propelled by electricity. Some road vehicles are equipped with technologies that make them capable of producing their own electricity (e.g. hybrid electric vehicles). Others utilise energy supplied by a source of electricity outside the vehicle – usually the electric grid. This definition works well for battery electric vehicles as well as for vehicles that do not store electrical energy such as trolley busses. -
The California Greenhouse Gas Initiative and Its Implications to the Automotive Industry
The California Greenhouse Gas Initiative and Its Implications to the Automotive Industry June, 2005 Prepared for The Center for Transportation Research Argonne National Laboratory and the United States Department of Energy by the Center for Automotive Research Ann Arbor, MI 1 Acknowledgements As with any project, this report is the result of many people contributing in many ways. The authors of this report would like to thank Karen Esper and Diana Douglass, who contributed greatly by creating and formatting the document. Their expertise and patience were critical to the project’s success. Chris Gulis and Emilio Brahmst spent many long hours researching, documenting and detailing powertrain technologies and manufacturing processes. Dr. Richard Gerth created, applied, and wrote analysis for the single and multiple Logit statistical models used for forecasting. Dr. Gerth also served as an advisor for the regression modeling, and overall statistical analysis. Jillian Lindsay Gauthier contributed by assisting with the statistical modeling and overall document review. Chris Powers also added document review support. Finally, we would like to thank those in the automotive industry that took time to guide the authors. This topic presents many challenges, not the least of which being the political risks involved in participating in any discussion. The arena of advanced powertrain technology—is a highly controversial and emotional issue. Several industry experts were willing to rise above the fray and offer their time and highly knowledgeable insight into the many challenges of advanced powertrain technology. For this, CAR is greatly appreciative. Brett C. Smith, Assistant Director, Manufacturing Engineering and Technology Raymond T. Miller, Research Assistant 2 Executive Summary Introduction CAR undertook this investigation to better understand the costs and challenges of a local (state) regulation necessitating the implementation of alternative or advanced powertrain technology. -
Electric Drive by '25
ELECTRIC DRIVE BY ‘25: How California Can Catalyze Mass Adoption of Electric Vehicles by 2025 September 2012 About this Report This policy paper is the tenth in a series of reports on how climate change will create opportunities for specific sectors of the business community and how policy-makers can facilitate those opportunities. Each paper results from one-day workshop discussions that include representatives from key business, academic, and policy sectors of the targeted industries. The workshops and resulting policy papers are sponsored by Bank of America and produced by a partnership of the UCLA School of Law’s Environmental Law Center & Emmett Center on Climate Change and the Environment and UC Berkeley School of Law’s Center for Law, Energy & the Environment. Authorship The author of this policy paper is Ethan N. Elkind, Bank of America Climate Policy Associate for UCLA School of Law’s Environmental Law Center & Emmett Center on Climate Change and the Environment and UC Berkeley School of Law’s Center for Law, Energy & the Environment (CLEE). Additional contributions to the report were made by Sean Hecht and Cara Horowitz of the UCLA School of Law and Steven Weissman of the UC Berkeley School of Law. Acknowledgments The author and organizers are grateful to Bank of America for its generous sponsorship of the workshop series and input into the formulation of both the workshops and the policy paper. We would specifically like to thank Anne Finucane, Global Chief Strategy and Marketing Officer, and Chair of the Bank of America Environmental Council, for her commitment to this work. -
Finder Relays, General Technical Information
General technical information Reference standards and values Guidelines for automatic flow solder Unless expressly indicated otherwise, the products shown in this catalogue are designed and manufactured according to the requirements of the processes following European and International Standards: In general, an automatic flow solder process consists of the following - EN 61810-1, EN 61810-2, EN 61810-7 for electromechanical stages: elementary relays - EN 50205 for relays with forcibly guided contacts Relay mounting: Ensure that the relay terminals are straight and enter the - EN 61812-1 for timers PC board perpendicular to the PC board. For each relay, the catalogue - EN 60669-1 and EN 60669-2-2 for electromechanical step relays illustrates the necessary PC board hole pattern (copper side view). Because - EN 60669-1 and EN 60669-2-1 for light-dependent relays, of the weight of the relay, a plated through hole printed circuit board is electronic step relays, light dimmers, staircase switches, recommended to ensure a secure fixation. movement detectors and monitoring relays. Other important standards, often used as reference for specific Flux application: This is a particularly delicate process. If the relay is not applications, are: sealed, flux may penetrate the relay due to capillary forces, changing its - EN 60335-1 and EN 60730-1 for domestic appliances performance and functionality. - EN 50178 for industrial electronic equipments Whether using foam or spray fluxing methods, ensure that flux is applied sparingly and evenly and does not flood through to the component side According to EN 61810-1, all technical data is specified under standard of the PC board. -
1 IEC Technical Data DC Circuit Switching A/AE9 – GAE75
Acr oss the IEC Technical data contactors DC circuit switching line 1 A/AE9 – GAE75 1 General The arc switching on d.c. is more diffi cult than on a.c. • For selecting a contactor it is essential to determine the current, the voltage and the L/R time constant of the controlled load. • For information, typical time constant values are quoted hereafter: non inductive loads such as resistance furnaces (L/R ~ 1 ms), inductive loads such as shunt motors (L/R ~ 2 ms) or series motors (L/R ~ 7.5 ms). • The addition of a resistor in parallel with an inductive winding helps in the elimination of the arcs. • All the poles required for breaking must be connected in series between the load and the source polarity not linked to earth (or chassis). a.c. operated contactors A9 A12 A16 A26 A30 A40 A45 A50 A63 A75 GA75 a.c. / d.c. operated (electronic coil interface) – – – – – – AF45 AF50 AF63 AF75 – d.c. operated contactors AE9 AE12 AE16 AE26 AE30 AE40 AE45 AE50 AE63 AE75 GAE75 Utilization category DC-1, L/R < 1 ms ≤ 72 V A 25 27 30 45 55 60 70 100 110 120 120 110 V A 10 15 20 – – – – – – – 120 220 V A – – – – – – – – – – 120 440 V A – – – – – – – – – – 100 600 V A – – – – – – – – – – 75 ≤ 72 V A 25 27 30 45 55 60 70 100 110 120 – 110 V A 25 27 30 45 55 60 70 100 110 120 – 220 V A 10 15 20 – – – – – – – – ≤ 72 V A 25 27 30 45 55 60 70 100 110 120 – 110 V A 25 27 30 45 55 60 70 100 110 120 – 220 V A 25 27 30 45 55 60 70 100 110 120 – ≤ 72 V A 25 27 30 45 – – 70 100 – 120 – 110 V A 25 27 30 45 – – 70 100 – 120 – 220 V A 25 27 30 45 – – 70 100 – 120 – 440 -
Research and Development of Electric Vehicle in China and Latest Trends on Diffusion
Research and Development of Electric Vehicle in China and Latest Trends on Diffusion China Automotive Technology & Research Center (CATARC) Ma JianYong [email protected] 1. Research and manufacture of EV in China 2 2 2012,15495 thousand passenger cars were sold in china. Chinese government will attempt to double citizens' revenue before 2020. And this plan will promote the passenger cars market continue increase. 中国乘用车市场发展 变化趋势 18000000 60% 销量 同比 Sales Growth rate 15493669 16000000 52.9% 50.0% 14472416 50% 13757794 14000000 45.7% 12000000 40% 10331315 10000000 33.2% 30.8% 29.6% 30% 8000000 6755609 6297533 22.3% 6000000 5148546 20% 16.0%3973624 4000000 3036842 2618922 10% 1745585 2000000 1197996 7.3% 5.2% 0 0% 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012E 3 3 Support Policies from Central Government “Carry out energy- saving and new "Automobile industry “New energy "Notice on the private energy vehicle restructuring and vehicle production purchase of new demonstration pilot revitalization plan" companies and energy vehicles work notice” product access subsidy pilot” rules " 2001.1 2009.1.23 2009.2 2009.3 2009.5 2009.7 2009.12 2010.6 2012.7 "Energy-saving and Interim new energy Measures for the 10 billion CNY of automotive industry Administration of funds of the State development plan 863major projects energy-saving Council to support (2010-2120)" of Electric vehicle and new energy technical R&D and financial innovation New energy vehicle industrialization assistance demonstration pilot cities to extend 4 Bulletin number