Appendix a Chronological Table of Dickens's Main
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APPENDIX A CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF DICKENS'S MAIN EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES AND WRITINGS 7 February, born in Portsmouth. Later moved to London. Moved to Chatham. Attended a Preparatory Day-School. Attended Rev William Giles's school, Chatham. Family moved to London, 1822; Dickens joined them shortly afterwards, but was not sent to school there. 1824 Period working in the blacking-warehouse (six months ?). 1824-7 Attending Wellington House Academy. 182 7-32 Working in a solicitor's office, and as law-court reporter. 1832- 6 Parliamentary reporter. Stories and sketches published, 1833 onwards. 22 January, Morning Chronicle, report on Charity School opening. Sketches by Boz, First Series; Second Series, 1837. Contents included 'Our Parish' (parish schoolmaster), 'A Visit to Newgate' (juvenile delinquents; school for pick pockets), 'Sentiment' (Minerva House Finishing Establish ment for Young Ladies), 'The Dancing Academy'. Pickwick Papers (Westgate House Establishment for Young Ladies). Edited Bentley's Miscellany. Contents included Oliver Twist (child as hero; death of the child Dick), and 'The Mudfog Papers'! (satires on the British Association). Nicholas Nickleby (Dotheboys Hall; death ofSmike). Sketches of Young Couples (Dickens's domestic ideal, and the education of girls; parents and children). 2 December, speech at Southwark Literary and Scientific Institution. The Old Curiosiry Shop (life and death of Little Nell; Mrs Whackles's Ladies' Seminary; Marton the parish school master; Miss Monflathers's Boarding and Day Establish ment). American Notes (various American schools, reformatories, and asylums). Martin Chuzzlewit (Mr Pecksniff's articled pupils in archi tecture; Ruth Pinch as governess; American lectures). 1 Reprinted in Sketches by Boz. 222 APPENDIX 223 1843 3June, The Examiner, 'The Oxford Commission'.1 September, first activities over Ragged Schools. 5 October, speech at Manchester Athenaeum: the effective beginning of Dickens's career as a speaker at Athenaeums, Mechanics' Institutes, and Polytechnics (not listed). A Christmas Carol (Scrooge's schooldays; Ignorance and Want). 1844 Eldest son, Charley, begins school; Dickens has sons at school and college for the rest of his life. 20 April, speech for the Governesses' Benevolent Institution. 'A Word in Season' (poem on the need for education, in Lady Blessington's Keepsake).2 The Chimes (Mr Filer the statistician; paternalist Sir Joshua Bowley). 1845 First mention of Bruce Castle school in letters (e.g. 17 August). 1846 4 February, letter in Daily News on 'Crime and Education'1 (Ragged Schools). The Life dOur Lord written for his children (published 1934). 1846-8 Dombey and Son (Paul Dombey's education under Mrs Pipchin and Dr Blimber, and his death; Robin Toodle at the Charitable Grinders'). 1847 November, Urania Cottage opens; planned since May 1846; Dickens active over it until 1858. 1848 22 April, The Examiner, 'Ignorance and Crime'.! The Haunted Man (Mr Redlaw the chemistry don; the ter rible waif). 30 December, The Examiner, 'Edinburgh Apprentice School Association' .1 1849 January to April, The Examiner, three articles on Drouet's Tooting baby-farm scandal.1 1849-50 David Copperfield (David's boyhood and education at Salem House Academy and Dr Strong's school; his beloved Miss Shepherd at Miss Nettingall's establishment; Uriah Heep's Charity School education; Steerforth at Oxford; Mrs Micawber, and later Agnes Wickfield, set up as schoolmis tresses when in financial difficulties). 1850 30 March, Household Words begins; published weekly until 28 May 1859. 6 April, HW, 'A Child's Dream of a Star'3 (fantasy on his childhood). 25 May, HW, 'A Walk in a Workhouse'3 (including its schools). 1 Reprinted in Miscellaneous Papers. J Reprinted in Forster's Life. • Reprinted in Reprinted Pieces. DICKENS AND EDUCATION I I October, HW, 'Our Schoo!,l (Wellington House Academy). A Child's History of England serialised in HW. Bleak House (Esther Summerson as pupil and teacher at Miss Donny's Greenleaf School; Richard Cars tone at Winchester; Jo the untaught crossing-sweeper boy; the Turveydrop Academy of Deportment; Smallweed family, denying the rights of childhood; philanthropists Mrs Jellyby and Mrs Pardiggle; feminist Miss Wisk). 13 March, HW, 'A Sleep to Startle US'2 (Ragged Schools). 2 September, speech at Manchester Free Library opening. 23 April, HW, 'Home for Homeless Women'2 (Urania Cottage). I October, HW, 'Frauds on the Fairies'2 (protest against moralising fairy-stories for propagandist purposes). Christmas Number, HW, 'The Schoolboy's Story', and 'No body's Story'3 (sectarian delays over a State System). 27,29 and 30 December, Readings for the Birmingham and Midland Institute - the first Public Readings: others given 1854-8, for adult education establishments. Hard Times, in HW, I April to 12 August (M'Choakumchild's school; Gradgrind and his children; Bitzer and Sissy Jupe). 30 December, speech for Commercial Travellers' Schools (also on 22 December 1859). I February, first mention of the Kindergarten movement, in letter. Little Dorrit (Arthur Clennam's boyhood memories; Mr Cripples's Academy for Evening Tuition; Mrs General the polisher; Miss Wade's experiences as a governess). 1857 5 November, speech for Warehousemen and Clerks' Schools. 27 December, Reading for Chatham Mechanics' Institute, of which he became virtual Life-President, and for which he gave five more Readings, up to 1865. 9 February, speech for Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children. May, separated from his wife. I June, speech for Playground and General Recreation Society. 30 April, All the rear Round begins; published weekly until Dickens's death (and later, under his son Charley's editor ship). Christmas Number, ArR, 'The Haunted House' (Miss Griffin's School). 1 Reprinted in Reprinted Pieces. S Reprinted in Miscellaneous Papers. 3 Reprinted in Christmas Stories. APPENDIX 225 1860 30 June, ArR, 'Dullborough Town'l (including its Mech anics'Institution). 8 September, ArR, 'Nurses' Stories'l (recalling childhood terrors). 1860-I Great Expectations, in A rR, I December 1860 to 3 August 1861 (Pip's boyhood, and education at Mr Wopsle's great-aunt's school and under Mr Pocket's tutorship; Biddy becomes a teacher). 1861 Christmas Number, ArR, 'Tom Tiddler's Ground'2 (Miss Pupford's Establishment for Young Ladies). 1863 20 June, ArR, 'The Short-Timers'! (Stepney Union Pauper Schools). 15 August, ArR, 'The Boiled Beef of New England'! (work ing-men's Institutions). Christmas Number, ArR, 'Mrs Lirriper's Lodgings'2 (Major Jackman's arithmetic teaching). 1864 12 April and I I May, speeches for University College Hospi tal and for the establishment of the Shakespeare Foundation Schools. 1864-5 Our Mutual Friend (Charley Hexam at a Ragged School, and then as pupil-teacher under Bradley Headstone; Miss Peecher the schoolmistress; Johnny at the Child's Hospital). 1866 Christmas Number, ArR, 'Mugby Junction'2 (Mr Jackson's loveless childhood; tqe cripple Phoebe's happy school). 1868 25 January to 4 April, ArR, 'Holiday Romance's (written for an American children's magazine, Our roung Folks: con tains a fairy-story, 'The Magic Fishbone'; the Misses Drowveyand Grimmer's school, and Mrs Lemon's school-a Vice- Versa fantasy). 1-29 February, ArR, 'George Silverman's Explanation,a (Silverman's oppressed and orphan childhood; becomes a Cambridge don). 1869 6January, ArR, 'Mr Barlow'! (of Sanciford and Merton). 27 September, Presidential speech at the Birmingham and Midland Institute (also on 6January 1870). 1870 April, first instalment of Edwin Drood (Miss Twinkleton's Seminary; Canon Crisparkle as tutor). 9June, dies at Gad's Hill. 1 Reprinted in The Uncommercial Traveller. 2 Reprinted in Christmas Stories. S Reprinted in Reprinted Pieces. NOTES The following abbreviations are used for the titles of books by Dickens: AN American Notes LD Little Dorrit BH Bleak House MC Martin Chualewit BR Barnaby Rudge NN Nicholas Nick/eby CB Christmas Books OCS The Old Curiosiry Shop CC A Christmas Carol 0 MF Our Mutual Friend Chimes The Chimes 0 T Oliver Twist Clock Master Humphrey's Clock P from I Pictures from Italy DC David Copperfield RP Reprinted Pieces D & S Dombey /lind Son SB Sketches by Boz ED The Mystery ofEdwin Drood TTC A Tale of Two Cities GE Great Expectations UC The Uncommercial Traveller HT Hard Times All these works are cited in the New Oxford Illustrated Dickens edition (1947-58) and are followed by a reference to chapter and page number, or to book, chapter and page number. This edition does not include his letters and speeches, nor all his journalism. For these writings, the following editions have been used and are cited by these abbreviations: ATR All the Tear Round, 1859-1870 Coutts Lettersfrom Charles Dickens to Angela Burdett-Coutts 1841-1865, ed Edgar Johnson, 1953 CP Collected Papers, Biographical Edition of the Works of Charles Dickens, 190 5 HN The Household Narrative ofCurrent Events, 1850-5 HW Household Words, 185D-9 MP Miscellaneous Papers, Biographical Edition, 1908 Mr & Mrs Mr and Mrs Charles Dickens: His Letters to Her, ed Walter Dexter, 1935 N The Letters of Charles Dickens, ed Walter Dexter, 3 vols, Nonesuch Press, 1938 SPeeches The Speeches ofCharles Dickens, ed K.J. Fielding, Oxford, 1960 For journals frequently cited, the following abbreviations are used: Dick The Dickensian E & S Essays and Studies HLQ Huntington Library Quarterly N & Q Notes and Queries NCF Nineteenth Century Fiction P MLA Publications of the Modern Language Association of America RES Review ofEnglish Studies RSUM RaggedSchool Union Magazine CHAPTER I: THE REPUTATION AND THE MAN I. A. P. Stanley, Sermons on Special Occasions (1882), 135. 2. Walsh, The Use of Imagination, 12. 3. Chesterton, Charles Dickens, 70. 4. Forster, Life ofDickens, 121; Kent, Dickens as a Reader, 149. 226 NOTES TO PAGES 3-13 227 5. 'The Incompatibles', Irish Essays (1882), 1891 edn, 45-7. 6. House, All in Due Time, 235. 7· Coutts, 176,89, 199· 8. Forster, 499, 675 note.