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200 Years of the University of Warsaw. Events, Symbols and Students

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200 Years of the University of Warsaw. Events, Symbols and Students 200 years of the University of Warsaw. Events, symbols and students 200 años de la Universidad de Varsovia Eventos, símbolos y estudiantes Adam Tyszkiewicz* The Museum of the University of Warsaw DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cian.2016.3440 Recibido: 25/05/2016 Aceptado: 17/11/2016 Abstract: The following article displays Resumen: El artículo expone una breve a brief history of the University of Warsaw. Its - Tsar Alexander I stipulated the University foun- historia de la Universidad de Varsovia. La his- historydation decree. commenced Although officially initially in the1816, structure when toria de la universidad comienza oficialmente- engo. 1816,Aunque cuando al principio su acta la fundacionaluniversidad fueera pefir- - mada por el zar Alejandro I en San Petersbur was rather minor and consisted of only five ha jugado un gran papel en el desarrollo de faculties, it performed a great role in develop queña y sólo la constutuían cinco facultades, mentreceived of Polish an excellent culture, education art and science. and many Within dis- profesores distinguidos dieron conferencias its walls the virtuoso pianist, Frederic Chopin- la cultura polaca, el arte y la ciencia. Muchos tinguishedThe University professors, was located including in one Ludwik of the Osinmost dentro de sus paredes, entre otros Ludwik- ski and Fryderyk Skarbek delivered lectures. Osinski y Fryderyk Skarbek, y el graduado - más famoso fue un virtuoso del piano Frede beautiful parts of the city, in place of a former ricen Chopin.una de lasLa escuelazonas más se situó bellas en de los la edificios capital 17thof Warsaw century has royal been residence. very soon Following given an exam em- depolaca. una antiguaAl igual residencia que en otras real universidadesdel siglo XVII, ples of other European schools, the University and professors were to wear academic robes. blem, a banner, the insignia, and its authorities europeas, recibió rápidamente un emblema,- insigniaversidad ycerró bandera, por primera y para lasvez autoridadesdespués de lay The University was closed down for the first profesores se elaboró indumentaria. La uni time after the fall of the 1831 Uprising. It was * [email protected] CIAN-Revista de Historia de las Universidades, 19/2 (2016), 265-280 - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cian.2016.3440 ISSN: 1988-8503 - www.uc3m.es/cian 266 ADAM TYSZKIEWICZ caída del levantamiento por la independencia - later on, in 1862, reactivated for seven years - underwas replaced the name by of a theRussian-language Main School. After Imperial just a en 1831. Sin embargo, volvió a abrir sus puer shortUniversity period and of existence,The University the Polish of Warsaw institution was tascomo en la1862 lengua durante en la siete Universidad años, con Imperialel nom not revived until 1915. As evidenced by the bre de Escuela Central. El ruso se estableció - Universidad polaca volvió a revivir como tal despuésa partir dede 1915.este corto El autor período del textode tiempo. muestra La text, the subsequent years were a difficult pe- que los años de sus operaciones no fueron riod for the University, as it was dominated by conflicts between the Polish people and Ger- man invaders during the First World War and los más fáciles, porque estaban sometidos afterwardswere involved. by Thethe outbreakinstitution of started the Polish-Bol properly pormás eltarde conflicto por el entre estallido los polacosde la guerra y el invasorpolaco- shevikoperating War again in 1918, in 1921. in whichIn the interwarmany students period alemán durante la Primera Guerra Mundial, y bolcheviquefuncionar correctamente en 1918., en la de que nuevo intervinieron a partir a number of distinguished scholars worked for- muchosde 1921. estudiantes.Evidencias de La esto escuela fueron comenzó los logros a theematician. University, The i.e.development Kazimierz ofMichalowski, the University an - archaeologist and Waclaw Sierpinski, a math científicosEl desarrollo del de arqueólogo la universidad Kazimierz fué interrum Micha- wasthat timeimpeded many once famous again Polish by theprofessors outbreak were of lowski y del matemático Waclaw Sierpinski.- the Second World War. Unfortunately, during pidoprofesores una vez polacos más por famosos el estallido murieron de la Segun y edi- killedthe largest and some academic university institution buildings in Poland turned with to da Guerra Mundial en 1939, en la que muchos rubble.nearly 45 Currently, thousand the students University in theof Warsaw academic is ficiosinstitución universitarios académica fueron más destruidos.grande de PoloEn la- celebrates its bicentenary under the slogan actualidad, la Universidad de Varsovia es la year of 2015/2016. This year, the institution en el año académico de 2015/2016. Este año the idea the University of Warsaw intends to nia.también Casi se45.000 celebra estudiantes el aniversario se matricularon de su bicen- “Twofollow centuries, in the near a goodfuture. beggining.” This is also - Keywords - tenarioseguir este bajo lema el lema en un “Dos futuro siglos, próximo. un buen co : University of Warsaw, Po mienzo.”Palabras La universidad clave: Universidadtiene la intención de Var de- land, Frederic Chopin, anniversary, insignia, professors, students . sovia, Polonia, Frederic Chopin, aniversario, insignia, profesores, estudiantes 200th birthday. This bicentenary gives us an opportunity to present a short On the 19th of November the University of Warsaw will be celebrating its history of this academic institution, which was founded almost at the same- time as the University of Humboldt in Berlin (1810), University of Oslo- merous(1811), Universityturbulent eventsof Zürich associated (1833) and with University the complicated of London history (1836). of PolandHowe inver, the unlike 19th alland these 20th renowned centuries. universities, its past has been marked by nu - The University of Warsaw was established on 19 November 1816 by Tsar of Russia Alexander I, who was also the King of Poland at that time. The ini tiative to set up a UniversityCIAN, in 19/2 the (2016), capital 265-280. of DOI:the http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cian.2016.3440 Polish Kingdom came from 200 YEARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW. EVENTS, SYMBOLS AND STUDENTS 267 two outstanding rationalist thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment1. They have succeeded - Stanisław in creatingKostka-Potocki an idea (the which Minister had been of Public very Enlightenment)popular already and in the Stanisław second Staszichalf of (President of the Society of Friends of Learning) - the 18th century, when BishopUniversitas Andrzej Ponatoviana Stanisław 2Załuski and his brother- titionJózef Andrzej of Poland Załuski in 1795 had foiled planned all these to found intentions. a University in the capital of Po land, which was to be called . Unfortunately, the Par The Royal University of Warsaw, so called in the early time, was located in one of the most beautiful parts of the city, at Krakowskie Przedmieście Street, on the Vistula river escarpment, in a place,3 where in the seventeenth century kings from4 the Vasa Dynasty resided and later, in the second half of- the 18th century, Polish monarch Stanisław August Poniatowski founded the School of Chivalry . Initially, the University consisted of five faculties: Theo logy, Law and Administration, Medicine, Philosophy as well as Sciences and Fine Arts. From the beginning the University has been a driving force behind- the development of the Polish science, art and literature. The first appointed torector be able was priestto alleviate Wojciech disputes Anselm between Szweykowski, the academic who served community as the superviand the Russiansor of the government. University up to 1831. This choice was successful since he proved 1 - The Kingdom of Poland, commonly called the Congress Kingdom, was born out of the- Duchy of Warsaw and proclaimed in Warsaw on the 20th July 1815. The Russian tsar be came the Polish king and the highest office in the Kingdom belonged formally to viceroyGod’s gen playground:eral Józef Zającek. a history However, of Poland the most prominent1795 to the figure present on Polish soil was the Grand Duke Constantine, the tsar’s brother, placed in command of the Polish army; Norman Davies, 2 The idea to establish an insitution , vol. 2, of higher education in (Oxford: Warsaw Clarendon evolved well Press, before 1983), the 306-333. Projekt do ufundowania Universitatis Generalis, ułożony w 1772 roku [Project for Napoleonic era. This topic is discussed in an anonymous document kept now in the Stafanyk- Libary in Lviv founding a University, conceived in 1772]. The University of Warsaw also had two very im- portant antecedents in, The the University times of the of Warsaw.Duchy of HistoryWarsaw. and The traditions School of Law and the School of Medicine, both instituted during the Napoleonic era, were opened in 1808 and 1809 respec tively; Jerzy Miziołek , Pałac Kazimierzowski Art et Educatio. Kultura (Warsaw: Artystyczna The Museum Uniwer- sytetuof the3 UniversityWarszawskiego of Warsaw, 2015), 32-34. 4 Jolanta Putkowska , in , ed. J. Miziołek (Warszawa: Uniwersytet Warszawski, 2003), 205-209. The School of Chivarly (known also as the Nobles’ Academy of the Corps of Cadets), founded by Stanisław AugustThe University Poniatowski of Warsaw, was the first educational institution of its kind in the history of Poland. Most famous graduates included: Tadeusz Kościuszko and Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz,CIAN, 19/2 (2016), Miziołek, 265-280. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cian.2016.344034-43. 268 ADAM TYSZKIEWICZ
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