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Home , Berlin Wall, Fidel Castro, New Economic Policy

Name:______Class/Period:______Assignment: 10.06c: End of the - Content MC & CR Assignment Due Date: Instructions:

1 Answer 3 Answer Base your answer to the question on the map below and on your Which leader’s policies included and ? knowledge of social studies. 1 Fidel 2 3 4

4 Answer Which Cold War event occurred last?

1 2 3 fall of the 4 Soviet invasion of

5 Answer The goal of Mikhail Gorbachev’s policies of perestroika and glasnost was to

1 expand collectivization and communes 2 resume development of Soviet nuclear weapons 3 stimulate economic growth and political discussion 4 stop expansion of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) into Eastern

What do the darkest areas of this map represent? 6 Answer Mikhail Gorbachev contributed to the fall of in the 1 former republics of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe by 2 current members of the 3 original member countries of the 1 introducing the policies of perestroika and glasnost 4 recent additions to the Organization of Petroleum 2 violating nuclear arms agreements Exporting Countries (OPEC) 3 invading Afghanistan 4 signing the Camp David Accords 2 Answer During the Cold War, which event occurred last?

1 Cuban missile crisis 2 destruction of the 3 Berlin airlift 4 launch of Sputnik by the Soviet Union 7 Answer 11 Answer One way in which ’s New Economic Policy and Mikhail Gorbachev’s reforms of perestroika and glasnost resulted Mikhail Gorbachev’s policy of perestroika are similar is that both in

1 allowed elements of within a communist 1 an era of world peace and Soviet prosperity economic system 2 conditions that helped lead to the breakup of the Soviet 2 strengthened their country’s military defenses Union 3 supported censorship of news and of personal 3 a successful transition to a command economy in correspondence Russia 4 increased tensions during the Cold War 4 censorship of media in Russia

8 Answer 12 Answer The destruction of the Berlin Wall and the breakup of the Soviet Base your answer to the question on the photograph below and Union signify the on your knowledge of social studies.

1 end of the Cold War 2 collapse of the Taliban 3 strength of the Warsaw Pact 4 power of the European Union

9 Answer Which action occurred in the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev?

1 Peasants were forced onto collective farms. 2 Citizens experienced more personal freedoms under glasnost. 3 The and the Soviet Union ended diplomatic relations. 4 The Soviet increased its control over the Orthodox Church.

10 Answer In the , Mikhail Gorbachev’s attempts to change the Soviet Union resulted in

1 an increase in tensions between India and the Soviet Union 2 a strengthening of the 3 a shift from producing consumer goods to producing heavy machinery 4 a series of economic and political reforms

This 1989 photograph symbolizes the

1 end of the Cold War 2 importance of the Berlin airlift 3 creation of a divided 4 fear of Nazism among Germans 13 Answer 17 Answer One reason Mikhail Gorbachev implemented the policies of Mikhail Gorbachev instituted the policies of glasnost and glasnost and perestroika in the Soviet Union was to perestroika to

1 eliminate freedom of speech and press 1 reinforce the basic economic principles of communism 2 destroy the power of the opposition party 2 bring the Soviet Union into the European Economic 3 dominate the of Eastern Europe Community 4 encourage political discussion and economic reform 3 reform the Soviet Union politically and economically 4 gain acceptance for free political elections 14 Answer "…The Communist party of the Soviet Union has been and 18 Answer remains a natural and inalienable part of social forces. Their Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early , Russia cooperation will make it possible to attain the ultimate goal of has attempted to build an economic system based on Perestroika: to renew our society within the framework of the socialist choice, along the lines of advance to a humane 1 a return to feudalism democratic …." 2 the ideas of Lenin and Marx Which leader would most likely have made this statement? 3 the writings of 4 a free-market system 1 Kwame Nkrumah 2 Mohandas Gandhi 19 Answer 3 The events that led to the overthrow of Czar Nicolas II in 1917 4 Mikhail Gorbachev and to the forced resignation of Mikhail Gorbachev in 1991 show that 15 Answer The was followed by 1 economic crises often lead to political change 2 Russian absolutism continued into the 1990s 1 an end of democratic rule in Germany 3 international conflicts often strengthen the power of 2 the rise of a Neo-Nazi movement in Spain leaders 3 an expansion of the Warsaw Pact 4 Russia is an ethnically unified nation 4 the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union

16 Answer In the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev, the trend toward private ownership of businesses represented a move away from

1 a traditional economy 2 a command economy 3 a free- 4 laissez-faire economics 20 Answer 23 Answer Base your answer to the question on the map below and your Base your answer to the question on the cartoon below and your knowledge of social studies. knowledge of social studies.

Which event in the early 1990s resulted in the formation of the six new nations shown on the map? Which is a valid conclusion based on this 1990 cartoon? 1 unification of Eastern European ethnic groups 2 dismantling of the Berlin Wall 1 Communism was failing as an economic system in the 3 collapse of the Soviet Union Soviet Union. 4 resolution of long-standing border disputes 2 Economic changes within the Soviet Union were leading to the death of capitalism. 21 Answer 3 Gorbachev’s economic reforms were intended to During the late 1980s in the Soviet Union, the policy of reverse the earlier Soviet policy of national health perestroika was an attempt to solve economic problems by insurance. 4 The Soviet Union was investing heavily in medical 1 introducing elements of capitalism into the Soviet technology. economy 2 limiting imports into the Soviet Union 24 Answer 3 relying more heavily on central planning of the Soviet During the Presidency of Mikhail Gorbachev, which problem economy faced the former Soviet Union? 4 cutting back the amount of credit given to small businesses 1 Ethnic minorities demanded the right of self- determination. 22 Answer 2 Agricultural production grew faster than food During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Soviet Union consumption. experienced ethnic tensions that were most similar to those 3 The nations of Eastern Europe insisted that the Soviet experienced by Union keep troops in Eastern Europe. 4 Western European nations refused to trade with the 1 Japan in the early 17th century Soviet Union. 2 - in the late 19th century 3 Spain in the Mid-18th century 4 in the late 25 Answer 29 Answer Which is a valid statement about the reunification of East and Events in both eastern Europe in the early 1900s and in the Soviet Germany in 1990? Union in the late 1980s were mainly the result of

1 East German prosperity made reunification desirable for 1 movements toward the repression of individual rights . 2 declines in the use of advanced technology 2 Reunification was linked to the withdrawal of United 3 the influence of religion on government States forces from Western Europe. 4 challenges by ethnic groups desiring independence 3 Reunification occurred despite concerns by other European nations over the power of a united Germany. 30 Answer 4 A reunified Germany promised to withdraw from the During the 1980s, Mikhail Gorbachev introduced perestroika in North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). the Soviet Union to

26 Answer 1 improve the economy and decentralize decision-making During the 1980s in the Soviet Union, a major element of the 2 abandon arms treaties with the United States and economic policy of perestroika was Western Europe 3 tighten government controls over the communication 1 increased collectivization of farms media 2 more reliance on local and regional decision-making 4 suppress the growing nationalist movements in Eastern 3 the expanded use of national five-year plans Europe 4 an emphasis on the redistribution of wealth 31 Answer 27 Answer In the Soviet Union, Lenin’s New Economic Policy (NEP)and During the 1980s, the Soviet Union experimented with Gorbachev’s policy of perestroika were similar in that each modifications of its command economy by 1 included some practices of capitalism 1 eliminating central planning 2 rejected central government involvement in the 2 allowing private ownership of major industries economy 3 introducing some market economy strategies 3 established a series of Five-Year Plans for economic 4 legalizing independent trade unions growth 4 linked economic growth to military strength 28 Answer In the Soviet Union, Vladimir Lenin’s New Economic Policy (NEP) 32 Answer and Mikhail Gorbachev’s policy of perestroika both sought to During the late 1980s, the Soviet Union experienced internal unrest mainly as a result of 1 increase spending on nuclear weapons 2 strengthen central planning 1 widespread against involvement in 3 increase production through individual enterprise Afghanistan 4 reduce the influence of middle-class farmers 2 a lack of raw materials and natural resources 3 a failure to use modern technology in the military 4 increased demands of minority ethnic groups 33 Answer 37 Answer A major development in relations between the Soviet Union and Which heading best completes the partial outline below? the United States occurred in the late 1980s when the two nations I. ______agreed to A. Korea remains divided at the 38th parallel. B. East and are split by a wall. 1 purchase all their oil from Mexico C. Strategic arms limitation talks begin. 2 withdraw from the United Nations 3 eliminate a group of nuclear missiles 1 Emerging Nations of the World 4 ban arms sales to developing nations 2 Results of the Cold War 3 Economic Benefits of World War II 34 Answer 4 Ethnic Conflicts in the World “The want a clear perspective on traditional …. Glasnost in all things, big and small...respect for 38 Answer hard work … and faithful service for the cause and the good of Base your answer to the question on the map below and on your society.” knowledge of social studies. The main idea of this 1980s quotation is that 1 the political system of a Communist nation cannot be changed 2 foreign aid is needed to achieve economic stability 3 the nation has been damaged by civil unrest 4 both the government and the people must make major changes

35 Answer Communist governments were established in most nations of Eastern Europe shortly after World War II because

1 the region had a long tradition of strong Communist parties 2 Communist governments were able to significantly increase agricultural productivity 3 the Soviet Union used military and diplomatic Which conclusion about the North Atlantic Treaty Organization pressures to install these governments (NATO) can be drawn from this 2002 map? 4 members of the Communist Party won free elections in these nations 1 NATO was considering including more former Soviet satellite countries as members. 36 Answer 2 NATO had fewer members than the Warsaw Pact. What has the end of communism in the Soviet Union caused 3 NATO does not admit new members. many countries in Eastern Europe to do? 4 NATO has included many Asian members.

1 shift to a command economy 2 maintain a communist form of government 3 pursue free-market economic policies 4 join the Warsaw Pact 39 Answer 41 Answer Base your answer to the question on the graph below and your “The Soviet Union Splits into 15 Republics” knowledge of social studies. “Yugoslavia Experiences Internal Conflict” “Germany Reunifies” Which conclusion do these three headlines suggest?

1 Communism remains an important force in Europe. 2 Many Western European nations are experiencing . 3 International sanctions strengthen a nation’s ability to govern. 4 The forces of can either divide or unite a nation.

42 Answer In the Soviet Union, a negative aspect of the Cold War Era was the

1 attempt to preserve democratic ideals The graph shows data on unemployment in Germany after 2 development of peaceful uses for modern technology reunification in 1990. Which conclusion can be reached, based on 3 development of effective means of international this information? cooperation 4 high cost of maintaining the 1 Prior to reunification, was economically stronger than West Germany. 43 Answer 2 Women in East Germany were poor workers. The destruction of the Berlin Wall and the reunification of 3 A reunified Germany has had problems with steadily Germany in 1990 are events that symbolize the increasing unemployment rates. 4 The unemployment rate for women was declining in 1 end of the Cold War Era West Germany. 2 end of democracy in Germany 3 fall of Nazi power in Germany 40 Answer 4 increased influence of the Warsaw Pact

Lake Baikal is fouled by wastes from factories. 44 Answer Plants and wildlife in are damaged by mining and One result of the collapse of the Soviet Union has been that smelting in the region. Radiation still contaminates 2 million acres near 1 some former republics have reorganized the Warsaw Chernobyl. Pact 2 ethnic violence has broken out in some regions Based on these statements about environmental issues in the 3 an era of peace and stability has emerged in most of the former Soviet Union, which conclusion would be most valid? former republics 4 the republics have made an easy transition to a market 1 The Soviet Government spent a large portion of its economy budget conserving the environment. 2 Communist industrial and agricultural policies resulted in serious environmental problems. 3 Changes in the environment in Russia and Ukraine are largely caused by pollution coming from Western Europe. 4 In Russia today, cleaning up the environment has taken priority over economic development. 45 Answer 47 Answer Which is the most accurate definition of détente as it was applied Which economic policy of the Soviet Union in the 1980s was to interaction between the United States and the Soviet Union? most different from the economic policies of Stalin?

1 a joint policy to reduce tensions and improve relations 1 government ownership of the 2 a joint policy to improve peace prospects in the Middle 2 the development of heavy industry East 3 central planning of basic economic decisions 3 a United States policy of protection for Soviet 4 private management of some businesses dissidents 4 a Soviet policy of seeking loans and trade with the 48 United States Figure 1 Document 7 46 Answer Base your answer to the question on the cartoon below and your The economic reforms urged by Gorbachev were called “market knowledge of social studies. socialism.” . . . He proposed that the central planning system be altered [changed] so that government ministries would no longer closely regulate economic enterprises, and so that regional managers would play a more important role. He also advised that . . . wages be reformed to reflect more realistically the demands of a market economy. — “Perestroika” from The Collapse of Communism in The Soviet Union Refer to Figure 1 and answer the following Question: Identify one economic change recommended by Mikhail Gorbachev.

The main idea of the political cartoon is that preserving world peace depends largely upon the

1 continuance of a balance of terror 2 agreement of superpowers to stop the arms race 3 adoption of isolationist policies by nuclear powers 4 formation of military alliances between the United States and the Soviet Union 49 50 Figure 2 Figure 3 Document 9 Document 7

Glasnost and Perestroika To achieve his overall objective of making the Soviet Union a more open society, Gorbachev has formulated and is in the process of implementing a strategy of radical reform consisting of ten specific strategies: 1. Economy: Decentralization of decision making of state-owned enterprises including such decisions as product mix, prices, output, wages, employment, investment, research and development, domestic and international sales and marketing, and incentives. Creation of new financial institutions to finance the expansion of Soviet enterprises. Authorization of private enterprises in the service sector of the economy. 2. Agriculture: Decentralization of state-owned farms and strengthening of agricultural . Greater use of market incentives and an increase in the number of private farms. . . . 6. : Decentralization of the Communist party, the Soviet government, and the Soviet economy. Increased Refer to Figure 2 and answer the following Question: democracy in the workplace. Greater freedom of political According to these cartoons, what were two effects of the dissent. Improved possibilities to emigrate from the Soviet collapse of communism in the Soviet Union? Union. . . . Source: Thomas H. Naylor, The Gorbachev Strategy, D.C. Heath and Co. Refer to Figure 3 and answer the following Question: Based on this document, identify two changes proposed by Gorbachev’s program.