DOCSLIB.ORG

Network of Concerned Historians NCH Annual Report 2012 Http

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Network of Concerned Historians NCH Annual Report 2012 Http Network of Concerned Historians NCH Annual Report 201 2 http://www.concernedhistorians.org INTRODUCTION The eighteenth Annual Report of the Network of Concerned Historians (NCH) contains news about the domain where history and human rights intersect, especially about the censorship of history and the persecution of historians, archivists and archaeologists around the globe, as reported by various human rights organizations and other sources. It covers events and developments of 2011 and 2012. The fact that NCH presents this news does not imply that it shares the views and beliefs of the historians and others mentioned in it. Please cite as: Network of Concerned Historians, Annual Report 2012 (http://www.concernedhistorians.org). The complete set of Annual Reports (1995–2012) was compiled by Antoon De Baets. Please send any comments to: <[email protected]>. Network of Concerned Historians, Annual Report 2012 (June 2012) 2 ____________________________________________________________ AFGHANISTAN Last Annual Report entry: 2011. In 2012, the new series of official obligatory high school history textbooks, in preparation since 2002 and funded by the United States Commander’s Emergency Response Program (the United States military’s foreign aid arm), did not cover post-1973 history, thus stopping their coverage with the ouster of King Mohammad Zahir Shah in 1973 by Mohammed Daoud Khan and omitting the following period of political instability, including the Soviet occupation (1979–1989), the mujaheddin (Muslims who struggle in the path of God) and the civil war (1989–1996), the Taliban (1996–2001), and the United States military presence (2001–2012). In order to promote a single national identity, the depoliticization and deethnification textbooks were deemed necessary. In the post-1979 period, the USSR distributed books emphasizing communism and Marxism. In the late 1980s, the United States financed textbooks supporting the struggle of the mujaheddin. During the Taliban’s reign, conservative Islamic texts were imported from Pakistan. In western Afghanistan, Iranian textbooks openly praising Iran-backed militant groups such as Hizbollah and Hamas were for years distributed in public schools. The depoliticized approach was chosen as there was no agreement of how Afghanistan descended into civil war. Even mention of such key figures as the Northern Alliance commander Ahmad Shah Massoud or the Taliban’s Mohammad Omar was controversial. Despite broad consensus about the approach, Mir Ahmad Kamawal, history professor at Kabul University, criticized the omissions. [Source: Kevin Sieff, “Afghanistan; a new approach to teaching history: Leave out the wars,” Washington Post (5 February 2012).] See also Libya. ALBANIA Last Annual Report entry: 1996. After the collapse of communism, former communist ruler Enver Hoxha (1908–1985) was written out of history. In February 1991, students and academics at Tirana University demanded and obtained the removal of his name from courses of study. His body was removed from a national memorial and reburied in a public cemetery. Napalm was used to wipe his name from a mountain side where it had been written in stone. A new law passed on 14 July 2011 approved a plan to tear down a pyramid- Network of Concerned Historians, Annual Report 2012 (June 2012) 3 ____________________________________________________________ shaped landmark built on Tirana’s main thoroughfare as a museum for Hoxha to open the way for a new parliament, to be built in honor of the 100th anniversary of Albania’s independence in 1912 after 500 years of Ottoman domination. [Sources: BBC News (19 November 2004); Derek Jones, ed., Censorship: A World Encyclopedia (London/Chicago 2001), 28; Keesings historisch archief (2011), 344; Benet Koleka, “Albania To Raze Hoxha’s Pyramid for New Parliament” (Albanian.com; 14 July 2011).] See also Macedonia, Serbia / Kosovo. ALGERIA Last Annual Report entry: 2011. The authorities again took no steps to investigate the thousands of enforced disappearances and other serious abuses that took place during the internal conflict (1992–2000) or to ensure that perpetrators were held accountable. They continued to implement the Charter for Peace and National Reconciliation (Law 06-01), which gave impunity to the security forces, criminalized public criticism of their conduct and granted amnesties to members of armed groups responsible for gross human rights abuses. Families of people who disappeared faced pressure to accept generic certificates, which stated that their relatives were dead but did not specify the date or cause of death, as a precondition for claiming compensation. The security forces dispersed demonstrations organized by families of the disappeared. [Sources: Amnesty International, Report 2012 (London 2012), 60, 61–62; Human Rights Watch, World Report 2012 (Washington 2012), 532–533.] See also France, Morocco / Western Sahara ANGOLA Last Annual Report entry: 2009. Network of Concerned Historians, Annual Report 2012 (June 2012) 4 ____________________________________________________________ ARGENTINA Last Annual Report entry: 2011. In February 2011, Felipe Noble Herrera and Marcela Noble Herrera, who were adopted children of one of the richest women in Argentina, lost their legal challenge to the DNA laws, which forced them to give DNA samples in an attempt to establish their true parentage. In May 2010, following the pair’s refusal to provide samples, their house was raided, they were stripsearched and samples from clothing and toothbrushes were taken. A 2009 law gave the courts power to forcibly obtain DNA if someone refused to submit to a blood test. The law’s origin dated back to the 1970s and 1980s when left-wing activists were kidnapped, tortured and imprisoned by the military dictatorship. Many of those detained were young couples with either newborns or mothers expecting a child; babies were taken away and given to military or police officials to bring up as their own. The government that followed the military dictatorship set up a National Bank of Genetic Data, where grandparents and relatives of the missing children contributed DNA samples for identification purposes. Although campaigners attempted to identify the children of the disappeared, not all of them wanted to know about their biological parents. [Source: Index on Censorship (2011, no. 2), 140.] In April 2011, former Brigade General Reynaldo Bignone and politician and former police officer Luis Abelardo Patti were sentenced to life imprisonment for several cases of murder, abduction and torture in the town of Escobar during the 1970s. In October 2011, former navy captain Alfredo Astiz and 15 others were given prison sentences of between 18 years and life for their role in 86 crimes against humanity committed at a secret detention center in the Buenos Aires naval school (Escuela Superior de Mecánica de la Armada, ESMA) . Under military rule, hundreds of people had been held in the ESMA after being abducted; some were killed under torture while others were flung to their deaths from airplanes. Among those killed were human rights activists Azucena Villaflor, María Bianco and Esther Careaga, cofounders of the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo. [Source: Amnesty International, Report 2012 (London 2012), 12, 65.] In August 2011, Osvaldo Bayer (1927–), a left-wing historian and film director, film codirector Mariano Aiello and historian Felipe Pigna were sued for defamation by José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz, who accused them of falsifying history and damaging his “family’s honor” and demanded a ban on the film Awka Liwen (Rebelde Amanecer; Rebel Awakening; September 2010) and heavy fines. In this film, Bayer, Aiello and Pigna analyzed the 1879 Campaña del Desierto (Desert Campaign) of Julio Argentino Roca, a military campaign against the indigenous peoples of Argentina (Mapuche and Network of Concerned Historians, Annual Report 2012 (June 2012) 5 ____________________________________________________________ Tehuelce), during which part of the pampa and Patagonia was conquered. The film asserted that, in the preparation of the campaign, José Toribio Martínez de Hoz ([1823]–71) (José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz’s great-great-grandfather), who had founded and presided the Sociedad Rural Argentina (Argentinian Rural Society) in 1866–70, had called for military intervention against the indigenous peoples, with the aim of evicting them and establishing latifundia with cattle instead. [Sources: Rodrigo Alonso, “Osvaldo Bayer recibió el apoyo de centenares de santafesinos” (http://www.amsafelacapital.org.ar/Noticia_completa.php?ID=900; Amsafe [2011]); Osvaldo Bayer, “Los Martínez de Hoz al ataque,” Página 12 (3 September 2011).] Several important human rights cases from Argentina’s last military dictatorship (1976–1983) were reopened in 2003 after Congress annulled the 1986 “Full Stop” law, which had stopped prosecution of such cases, and the 1987 “Due Obedience” law, which granted immunity in such cases to all members of the military except those in positions of command. Starting in 2005, federal judges struck down pardons that then-President Carlos Menem issued between 1989 and 1990 to former officials convicted of or facing trial for human rights violations. As of October 2011, according to the Center for Legal and Social Studies (CELS), 379 cases involving killings, “disappearances,” and torture were under judicial investigation or being tried in court. Of 1,774 alleged perpetrators, 749 were facing charges for these crimes, and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • SCSL Press Clippings
    SPECIAL COURT FOR SIERRA LEONE OUTREACH AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS OFFICE Sitting in the’ boat-yard’ at Tombo. PRESS CLIPPINGS Enclosed are clippings of local and international press on the Special Court and related issues obtained by the Outreach and Public Affairs Office as at: Friday, 26 November 2010 Press clips are produced Monday through Friday. Any omission, comment or suggestion, please contact Martin Royston-Wright Ext 7217 2 Local News The US Provides $ 4.5 Million to Fund Special Court / The Torchlight Page 3 18 Cells Relocated at Special Court for Females / PEEP! Page 4 Peacebuilding Commission Ambassador to Visit Sierra Leone / The New Citizen Page 5 International News ICC to Name Kenyan Politicians Behind 2007 Poll Violence /. The Christian Science Monitor Pages 6-7 In the Dock, But For What? / The Economist Pages 8-10 Concerns Raised About the Special Tribunal for Lebanon / UPI.Com Page 11 Dutch Seek Fugitive Nazi Criminal From Germany / Radio Netherlands Worldwide Page 12 3 Torchlight Friday, 26 November 2010 4 PEEP! Friday, 26 November 2010 5 The New Citizen Friday, 26 November 2010 6 The Christian Science Monitor Wednesday, 24 November 2010 ICC to name Kenyan politicians behind 2007 poll violence By Scott Baldauf, Staff Writer ICC prosecutor Luis Moreno-Ocampo has said he will name the top Kenyan politicians accused of orchestrating massive violence following the December 2007 elections. Ocampo's plans to try officials could set a strong precedent against the use of ethnic violence to achieve political power. Chief prosecutor of the International Criminal Court Luis Moreno-Ocampo is seen during a news conference in The Hague, Netherlands, Nov.
    [Show full text]
  • Translation and Manipulation
    5785 Forough Rahimi et al./ Elixir Ling. & Trans. 41 (2011) 5785-5790 Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal) Linguistics and Translation Elixir Ling. & Trans. 41 (2011) 5785-5790 Translation and manipulation: a critical discourse analysis case study Forough Rahimi and Mohammad Javad Riasati Department of Foreign Languages, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: This paper seeks to delineate the constraints imposed on translators of movie dialogues in Received: 20 September 2011; the context of Iran. The movie ''Platoon'' is selected for this purpose. In this situation a Received in revised form: myriad of external constraints, that is, cultural, religious, and political, lead to rewriting or 16 November 2011; manipulation of movie texts. This is an effective means for creating and naturalizing Accepted: 28 November 2011; ideologies, through expurgation, derogation, etc. The movie translations in Iran are scenes of ideological incursions in translation, that is, suppression of dialectal features. They are sites Keywords of ideological clashes in which certain realities are constructed and challenged and Translation, xenophobic attitudes are propagated. The translators counterfeit realities and inculcate them Censorship, in the innocent audience. This paper explores the ideological and socio-political factors Ideological manipulation. which determine the strategies applied in the translation of western movies. © 2011 Elixir All rights reserved. Introduction language is an irreducible part of social life. The dialectic During the past decade educational researchers increasingly relation between language and social reality is realized through have turned to Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as a set of social events (texts), social practices (orders of discourse) and approaches to answer questions about the relationships between social structures (languages) [3].
    [Show full text]
  • Faith and Literature: a Look at Book Censorship
    Ouachita Baptist University Scholarly Commons @ Ouachita Honors Theses Carl Goodson Honors Program 2009 Faith and Literature: A Look at Book Censorship Laura Cox Ouachita Baptist University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.obu.edu/honors_theses Part of the Christianity Commons, and the Information Literacy Commons Recommended Citation Cox, Laura, "Faith and Literature: A Look at Book Censorship" (2009). Honors Theses. 238. https://scholarlycommons.obu.edu/honors_theses/238 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Carl Goodson Honors Program at Scholarly Commons @ Ouachita. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons @ Ouachita. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 INTRO For centuries, society has debated the issue of book censorship. Before Johannes Gutenberg introduced the printing press in 1455, the burning ofhand-scribed books destroyed limited copies and guaranteed they would not be read. With the printing press, books could be produced in greater numbers; yet, printed speech was still a commodity that could be controlled. In 1517, Pope Leo X condemned Martin Luther's Ninety Five Theses, an early example of religious censorship of materials deemed dangerous or subversive. Political censorship quickly followed when Emperor Charles V issued the Edict ofWorms, containing a "Law ofPrinting" which banned the printing, copying, sale, or reading of Luther's writings (Foerstel xi). Beginning in 1564, the Catholic papacy promulgated its Index Librorum Prohibitorum (Index of Prohibited Books). Compiled by the Holy Inquisition in Rome, the Index listed the books and authors Catholics were prohibited from printing or reading.
    [Show full text]
  • Censorship!Censorship!
    CENSORSHIP!CENSORSHIP! LDF BANNED CB K HAN BOO EE FiGhT fOr tHeD B K W FrEeDoM tO rEaD! OOK S STAFF DIRECTOR’S NOTE Charles Brownstein, Executive Director Alex Cox, Deputy Director Samantha Johns, Development Manager Happy Banned Books Week! Every year, communities come together in Kate Jones, Office Manager this national celebration of the freedom to read! This year, Banned Books Betsy Gomez, Editorial Director Maren Williams, Contributing Editor Week spotlights young adult books, which is by far the category most Caitlin McCabe, Contributing Editor commonly targeted for censorship. Stand up for the right to read for all Robert Corn-Revere, Legal Counsel readers by becoming a part of the Banned Books Week celebration that will take place September 27 through October 3, 2015! BOARD OF DIRECTORS Larry Marder, President Milton Griepp, Vice President Launched in 1982 to draw attention to the problem of book censorship Jeff Abraham, Treasurer in the United States, Banned Books Week is held during the last week of Dale Cendali, Secretary Jennifer L. Holm September. By being a part of it, you can make a difference in protecting Reginald Hudlin the freedom to read! Katherine Keller Paul Levitz In this handbook, Comic Book Legal Defense Fund provides you with Christina Merkler Chris Powell all the tools you need to prepare your Banned Books Week celebration. Jeff Smith We’ll talk about how books are banned, show you some specific cases ADVISORY BOARD in which comics were challenged, and provide you with hands on tips to Neil Gaiman & Denis Kitchen, Co-Chairs celebrate Banned Books Week in your community.
    [Show full text]
  • Libraries, Censors, and Self-Censorship
    PBCore (PBCore Public Broadcasting Metadata Dictionary Project). (2005). Background of the PBCore Public Broadcasting Metadata Dictionary Project. Available: http://www.pbcore.org/PBCore/PBCore_background.html PBCore (PBCore Public Broadcasting Metadata Dictionary Project) (December, 2008). Announcements and news about the PBCore Public Broadcasting Metadata Dictionary: PBCore v1.2 is on the Horizon!!! Available: http://www.pbcore.org/announcements.html#pbcore1-2soon Smith, J.R. (2002). MPEG-7 Industry Use v.2.0 [Electronic version]. International Organization for Standardization/ Organization Internationale Normalisation ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11/ Coding of Moving Pictures and Audio, 3-4. Zhang, Y., & Li. Y. (2008). A User-Centered Functional Metadata Evaluation of Moving Image Collections. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 59: 1331-1346. Libraries, Censors, and Self-Censorship CORA MCANDREWS MOELLENDICK Cora McAndrews Moellendick has been teaching for eleven years and currently works for the Department of Defense School system, teaching at Zama American Middle School in Japan. She has Bachelors of Science in Education with a Mathematics Specialization from the University of Texas at Austin and a Masters of Arts in Educational Technology from Michigan State University. She is currently taking Independent Study classes through the University of Idaho in Library Science and hopes to obtain her MLS in the future. She and her husband of five years are expecting their first child in December and love teaching overseas. She can be reached at: [email protected] Introduction Censorship is a concept that has a close association with libraries. A Google search of the two words resulted in 1,260,000 hits as of June 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • An Exploration of Pre-Censorship of Children’S Books: Perceptions and Experiences of Canadian Authors and Illustrators
    AN EXPLORATION OF PRE-CENSORSHIP OF CHILDREN’S BOOKS: PERCEPTIONS AND EXPERIENCES OF CANADIAN AUTHORS AND ILLUSTRATORS by CHERIE LYNN GIVENS A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Library, Archival and Information Studies) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) September 2009 © Cherie Lynn Givens, 2009 Abstract There is little documentation of pre-censorship of children’s literature. The discussion of pre-censorship is often submerged within more general censorship discussions and not specifically identified. It is addressed in snippets of information revealed in interviews and responses to questionnaires concerning censorship. This study was designed to examine in detail the phenomenon of pre-censorship as experienced by Canadian children’s and young adult authors and illustrators. A qualitative, naturalistic methodology was selected to explore participants’ experiences through in-depth interviews with open-ended questions designed to encourage participants to speak at length and share thoughts, feelings, and insights. Seventeen Canadian authors and illustrators, who self-identified as having experienced pre-censorship, participated in this study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with all but one of the participants, whose interview was conducted by telephone and a follow-up in-person meeting. Most participants requested confidentiality, wishing to keep their names and the titles of the books undisclosed. Participants provided concrete examples of how pre-censorship was experienced by authors and illustrators. Types of pre-censorship were identified. Reasons given for pre- censorship make clear that marketing and sales concerns as well as a fear of censorship after publication are dominant motivating factors.
    [Show full text]
  • Process of Reconciliation in the Western Balkans and Turkey: a Qualitative Study
    Process of Reconciliation in the Western Balkans and Turkey: A Qualitative Study This project is financed by the European Union Process of Reconciliation in the Western Balkans and Turkey: A Qualitative Study Mirjana Adamović Anja Gvozdanović Marko Kovačić Banja Luka / Zagreb, 2017 Published by: Compex d.o.o. Braće Pišteljića 1, 78 000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina Institute for Social Research in Zagreb (ISRZ) Amruševa 11, Zagreb, Croatia Authors: Mirjana Adamović, Institute for Social Research in Zagreb (ISRZ), Croatia Anja Gvozdanović, Institute for Social Research in Zagreb (ISRZ), Croatia Marko Kovačić, Institute for Social Research in Zagreb (ISRZ), Croatia National researchers: Jasmin Jašarević, Youth Resource Center (ORC), Bosnia and Herzegovina Tamara Čirgić, Forum MNE, Montenegro Nora Ahmeti, LENS, Kosovo Ilija Jovanović, Educational Center Kruševac (ECK), Serbia Irida Agolli, Beyond Barriers Association (BBA), Albania Toše Zafirov, Progress Institute for Social Democracy, Macedonia Varduhi Balyan, Toplum Gönüllüleri Vakfı (TOG), Turkey Reviewers: dr.sc. Danijel Baturina, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Law dr.sc. Simona Kuti, Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies, Zagreb Translator: Zorica Škoflek Layout and cover design: Nebojša Đumić Printed by: Compex, Braće Pišteljića 1, 78 000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina [email protected] Circulation: 300 copies This publication has been produced with assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and can in
    [Show full text]
  • Universidade Federal Fluminense Faculdade De Direito Sergio Maia Tavares
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL FLUMINENSE FACULDADE DE DIREITO SERGIO MAIA TAVARES ENTRE A COMPLEIÇÃO FEDERALISTA E O CONSTITUCIONALISMO PLURAL DA UNIÃO EUROPEIA: TEORIA CONSTITUCIONAL-INTERNACIONAL DO PLURALISMO INTEGRACIONISTA E DO CIDADÃO PÓS-NACIONAL. O LUGAR DOS ESTADOS(-MEMBROS), DOS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS, DA CIDADANIA PÓS-NACIONAL E DA DEMOCRACIA COMPARADOS NAS ESFERAS INSTITUCIONAIS DO FEDERALISMO EUROPEU E NO MERCOSUL. Niterói - RJ 2013 SERGIO MAIA TAVARES ENTRE A COMPLEIÇÃO FEDERALISTA E O CONSTITUCIONALISMO PLURAL DA UNIÃO EUROPEIA: TEORIA CONSTITUCIONAL-INTERNACIONAL DO PLURALISMO INTEGRACIONISTA E DO CIDADÃO PÓS-NACIONAL. O LUGAR DOS ESTADOS(-MEMBROS), DOS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS, DA CIDADANIA PÓS-NACIONAL E DA DEMOCRACIA COMPARADOS NAS ESFERAS INSTITUCIONAIS DO FEDERALISMO EUROPEU E NO MERCOSUL. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (monografia) apresentado em cumprimento às exigências da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, para obtenção do diploma de graduação e do grau de bacharel. Orientação: Professor Eduardo Val, Faculdade de Direito, UFF e Professor Afonso Patrão, Faculdade de Direito, Universidade de Coimbra Niterói - RJ 2013 SERGIO MAIA TAVARES ENTRE A COMPLEIÇÃO FEDERALISTA E O CONSTITUCIONALISMO PLURAL DA UNIÃO EUROPEIA: TEORIA CONSTITUCIONAL- INTERNACIONAL DO PLURALISMO INTEGRACIONISTA E DO CIDADÃO PÓS-NACIONAL. O LUGAR DOS ESTADOS(-MEMBROS), DOS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS, DA CIDADANIA PÓS-NACIONAL E DA DEMOCRACIA COMPARADOS NAS ESFERAS INSTITUCIONAIS DO FEDERALISMO EUROPEU E NO MERCOSUL. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (monografia) apresentado em cumprimento às exigências da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, para obtenção do diploma de graduação. Apresentado em 12 de agosto de 2013. BANCA EXAMINADORA: _____________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Eduardo M. Val – Orientador Universidade Federal Fluminense _____________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Gustavo Sampaio Telles Ferreira _____________________________________________________ Profa.
    [Show full text]
  • International Organizations on the Prosecution of War Crimes in Montenegro
    WAR CRIMES TRIALS IN MONTENEGRO (2009-2015) Publisher NGO Human Rights Action Podgorica, Montenegro Tel: +382 20 232 348, 232 358 Fax: +382 20 232 122 [email protected] www.hraction.org For the publisher Tea Gorjanc Prelević Authors Bogdan Ivanišević Tea Gorjanc Prelević Author of cover photo Tomaž Bovha (thanks to Fotorepublika.com) The project was funded by the Department of State's Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL) through the U.S. Embassy in Podgorica and Human Rights & Governance Grants Program of the Open Society Foundations - OSF War Crimes Trials in Montenegro 2009-2015 Bogdan Ivanišević Tea Gorjanc-Prelević Human Rights Action Podgorica 2016 CONTENTS Introductory remarks ……………………………………………………………………….. 1 Summary ................................................................................................................... 3 General Overview of Trials and Investigations........................................................... 7 Trials before the independence of Montenegro................................................... 7 Trials following declaration of independence of Montenegro................................ 8 Potential investigations............................................................................................... 11 Dubrovnik battlefield............................................................................................. 11 ”Weekend warriors” from Montenegro on the battlefield in BiH............................ 13 Competent judicial bodies and education .................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • "Censorship from Rulers, Censorship from Book Piracy: the Strategies Of
    Laursen, John Christian. "Censorship from Rulers, Censorship from Book Piracy: The Strategies of Immanuel Kant." Censorship Moments: Reading Texts in the History of Censorship and Freedom of Expression. Ed. Geoff Kemp. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2015. 103–108. Textual Moments in the History of Political Thought. Bloomsbury Collections. Web. 28 Sep. 2021. <http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781472593078.ch-014>. Downloaded from Bloomsbury Collections, www.bloomsburycollections.com, 28 September 2021, 23:38 UTC. Copyright © Geoff Kemp and contributors 2015. You may share this work for non-commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher, and provide a link to the Creative Commons licence. 13 Censorship from Rulers, Censorship from Book Piracy: The Strategies of Immanuel Kant John Christian Laursen I have placed the main point of enlightenment – mankind’s exit from its self- imposed immaturity – primarily on religious matters since our rulers have no interest in playing the role of guardian to their subjects with regard to the arts and sciences and because this type of immaturity is the most harmful as well as the most dishonourable. But the manner of thinking of a head of state who favours such enlightenment goes even further and sees that even with regard to his own legislation there is no danger in allowing his subjects to make public use of their reason and to lay publicly before the world their thoughts about a better formulation of this legislation as well as a candid criticism of laws already given. We have a shining example of this, in which no monarch has yet surpassed the one we honour.
    [Show full text]
  • Conflict in Afghanistan II
    Conflict in Afghanistan II 93 Number 881 March 2011 Volume Volume 93 Number 881 March 2011 Volume 93 Number 881 March 2011 Part 2: Law and humanitarian action Interview with Ms Fatima Gailani President of the Afghan Red Crescent Society Has the armed conflict in Afghanistan affected the rules on the conduct of hostilities? Robin Geiss and Michael Siegrist International law and armed non-state actors in Afghanistan Annyssa Bellal, Gilles Giacca and Stuart Casey-Maslen The Layha for the Mujahideen: an analysis of the code of conduct for the Taliban fighters under Islamic law Muhammad Munir Annex: The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. The Layha [Code of Conduct] For Mujahids Combatants, not bandits: the status of rebels in Islamic law Sadia Tabassum Between a rock and a hard place: integration or independence of humanitarian action? Antonio Donini The International Committee of the Red Cross in Afghanistan: Conflict II in Afghanistan reasserting the neutrality of humanitarian action Fiona Terry The protective scope of Common Article 3: more than meets the eye Jelena Pejic Humanitarian debate: Law, policy, action www.icrc.org/eng/review Conflict in Cambridge Journals Online For further information about this journal please go to the journal web site at: ISSN 1816-3831 http://www.journals.cambridge.org/irc Afghanistan II Editorial Team Editor-in-Chief: Vincent Bernard The Review is printed in English and is Editorial assistant: Michael Siegrist published four times a year, in March, Publication assistant: June, September and December. Claire Franc Abbas Annual selections of articles are also International Review of the Red Cross published on a regional level in Arabic, Aim and scope 19, Avenue de la Paix Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish.
    [Show full text]
  • From the Butcher Shop to the Peaceful Pill: a History of Book Censorship in New Zealand
    From The Butcher Shop to The Peaceful Pill: A history of book censorship in New Zealand. - Paper presented at the LIANZA 2010 Conference in November 2010. The media which our society produces and consumes has always been cause for debate about the effects, positive or negative (though more often than not focussing on the negative), on its audience. From the influence of the written word on perceptions of religion and politics, to the concerns over films chipping away at society‟s moral fibre, to the debates over whether video games make people violent – the media, who accesses it and who stops them has been a constantly evolving and ongoing story both in New Zealand and around the world. Today, I‟m going to share a chapter of that story with you by looking at how censorship in New Zealand has evolved over the last 100 years or so. We‟ll look at the sort of content that has been subject to censorship, the various systems and bodies that have been created over the years to deal with this, and how the issue of book censorship has fitted into the broader story of censorship in New Zealand. I should begin by saying that we don‟t have a lot of information about the censorship of non- film publications prior to the creation of the Indecent Publications Tribunal in 1963. The main reason for this is that prior to 1963 book censorship was not the primary function of any organisation – instead it was the responsibility of New Zealand Customs operating under the Indecent Publications Act of 1910.
    [Show full text]