Conflict in Afghanistan II
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Opmaak Both/Definitief 02-08-2000 15:13 Pagina 1
* From Indifference to 19-12-2003 17:26 Pagina 1 NORBERT BOTH NORBERT NORBERT BOTH Fr om Indifference to Entrapment to om Indifference The Yugoslav crisis represents a formidable foreign policy challenge to many Western and Islamic government bureaucracies. From Indifference to Entrapment deals with the question of how the Netherlands faced up to this challenge during the years 1990-1995. It was during this period that the crisis erupted into armed conflict and the single worst war crime in Europe since the end of World War II took place in the ‘safe area’ of Srebrenica. The role of the Netherlands is particularly interesting, as the country held the EC/EU Presidency during the recognition debate in 1991 and supplied the peacekeeping presence in Srebrenica. The questions addressed in this book include: Did early warning work? What role did the Dutch Presidency (July-December 1991) play in the recognition debate? What motiv- ated the Dutch opposition to the Vance-Owen Peace Plan? Why did the Netherlands become From Indifference entrapped, as symbolised through its isolated peacekeeping commitment to Srebrenica? Finally, what can this story tell us about the ability of small and medium powers to in- fluence international affairs? This study is based on interviews with key players, including former Cabinet Minis- ters, and on documents from the Netherlands Ministry to Entrapment of Foreign Affairs, made available under the Dutch ‘freedom of information act’. ISBN 90-5356-453-5 Dr. Norbert Both, formerly a research assistant The Netherlands for David Owen, now works at the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs. -
2021 Jessup Global Rounds Full Team List (Alphabetical Order)
———— 2021 Jessup Global Rounds Full Team List (Alphabetical Order) ———— Please find a full list of every Jessup team competing in the 2021 Global Rounds in alphabetical order by country and then university below. The order in which teams appear on this list does not reflect any sort of ranking. Team No. Team (Country – University) 670 Afghanistan - American University of Afghanistan 516 Afghanistan - Balkh University 261 Afghanistan - Faryab University 491 Afghanistan - Herat University 352 Afghanistan - Jami University 452 Afghanistan - Jozjan University 574 Afghanistan - Kabul University 263 Afghanistan - Kandahar University 388 Afghanistan - Kardan University 372 Afghanistan - Khost University 300 Afghanistan - Kunar University 490 Afghanistan - Kunduz University 619 Afghanistan - Nangarhar University 262 Afghanistan - Paktia University 715 Albania - EPOKA University 293 Albania - Kolegji Universitar “Bedër” 224 Argentina - Universidad de Buenos Aires 205 Argentina - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba 217 Argentina - Universidad Torcuato di Tella 477 Australia - Australian National University 476 Australia - Bond University 323 Australia - La Trobe University 322 Australia - Macquarie University 218 Australia - Monash University 264 Australia - Murdoch University 591 Australia - University of Adelaide 659 Australia - University of Melbourne 227 Australia - University of NeW South Wales 291 Australia - University of Queensland 538 Australia - University of Southern Queensland 248 Australia - University of Sydney 626 Australia - University -
Curriculum Vitae
Dr. Homaira Mohammad Azim Apt No. 17, Block No. 54 A, 1st Micro rayon, Kabul, Afghanistan Phone: +93-788-292-331 [email protected] Personal Information Place of Birth: Kabul, Afghanistan Date of Birth: April 25, 1983 Education Attended Be Be Summaya High School in Peshawar, Pakistan Baccalaureate, 1996 Graduated from Kabul Medical University (KMU), Kabul, Afghanistan MD in Medical Sciences, 2007 Non-Formal Education Participated in several training workshops from May 2007 to April 2008. Themes and topics of the trainings included: The Art of Good Rhetoric: Communication, Presentation, and Explanation Skills, Moderation and Facilitation Skills Open Space: a Method for Running and Facilitating Events The Harvard Concept of Negotiation and Conflict Management Leadership for Change: Communication and Leadership Skills Understanding Conflicts and Building Peace with Systemic Conflict Transformation, Phases I & II Youth and Trust Building Language Skills Native Persian speaker Working and studying knowledge of English Knowledge of Pashtu and Urdu Translation skills from English to Persian, Pashtu, and Urdu, and vice versa. 1 Computer Skills Computer programs including MS office, using the web services, some designing soft ware, and soft ware installations Working Experience Anatomy Lecturer at the Kabul Medical University (KMU), K a bu l, Afghanistan, 2008 – pre se nt Conducting lectures on Human Anatomy for the medicine, dentistry, nursing and public health schools at the Kabul Medical University (KMU) Compiling and translating -
Falsafah ,Sains,Dan Pemikiran Islam.Pdf
SEMINAR PEMIKIRAN ISLAM III Sudut Pandangan Islam Dalam Diskusi Sesama Muslim FALSAFAH, SAINS DAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM JABATAN AKIDAH DAN PEMIKIRAN ISLAM AKADEMI PENGAJIAN ISLAM UNIVERSITI MALAYA 2012 ISI KANDUNGAN ARABIC-ISLAMIC CULTURE: THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE SCIENCES IN THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE CONTEMPORARY SCHOLARSHIP .................................................................1 Animashaun, Maruf Suraqat TABATABAIE'S CONTROVERSIAL IDEAS IN ISLAMIC MORAL THOUGHT; A LESSON LEARNED FOR EDUCATIONAL PROSPERITY OF ISLAMIC ACADEMIES ................................................................... 11 Soroush Dabbagh and Hossein Dabbagh YAHYA IBN ‘ADI ON HAPPINESS ................................................................................................... 17 Mohd Nasir Omar THE DEBATE OVER RATIONAL AND TRADITIONAL PROOFS IN ISLAM: A RECONCILIATORY APPROACH .................................................................................................................................. 25 Mohd Farid Mohd Shahran BALANCING THE CONTEMPORARY APPROACH TO THINKING: APPLYING THE GHAZZĀLIAN FRAMEWORK .............................................................................................................................. 33 Mohd Zaidi b. Ismail WASIYYAH ABI HANIFAH LI ABI YUSUF: SUATU PENGENALAN DAN SUNTINGAN ILMIAH ............... 39 Mohd Anuar Mamat METODOLOGI PENGAJARAN DAN PEMBELAJARAN MENURUT IBN KHALDUN DAN JOHN DEWEY: KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN ............................................................................................................. -
Promoting Female Enrollment in Public Universities of Afghanistan
Promoting Female Enrollment in Public Universities of Afghanistan Higher Education Development Program Ministry of Higher Education Contents 1. Theme 1.1 Increasing Access to priority Degree Programs (Promoting Female Enrollment) .......... 3 2- Kankor Seat Reservation (Special Seats for Female in Priority Desciplines) ..................................... 3 3- Trasnprtaion Services for Female Students ...................................................................................... 4 4- Day Care Services for Female in Public Universities ........................................................................ 5 - KMU………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….5 - Bamyan…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….5 - Takhar…………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………….5 - Al-Bironi……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6 - Parwan……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….6 5- Counselling Services in Public Univeristies ...................................................................................... 6 - Kabul University - Kabul Education University - Jawzjan University - Bamyan University - Balkh University - Herat University 6- Scholarship (Stipened) for Disadvantaged Female Students ............................................................ 8 7- Female Dorms .................................................................................................................................. 9 2 Theme 1.1: Increasing Access to Priority Degree Programs for Economic Development The objective -
Conflict in Afghanistan I
Conflict in Afghanistan I 92 Number 880 December 2010 Volume Volume 92 Number 880 December 2010 Volume 92 Number 880 December 2010 Part 1: Socio-political and humanitarian environment Interview with Dr Sima Samar Chairperson of the Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission Afghanistan: an historical and geographical appraisal William Maley Dynamic interplay between religion and armed conflict in Afghanistan Ken Guest Transnational Islamic networks Imtiaz Gul Impunity and insurgency: a deadly combination in Afghanistan Norah Niland The right to counsel as a safeguard of justice in Afghanistan: the contribution of the International Legal Foundation Jennifer Smith, Natalie Rea, and Shabir Ahmad Kamawal State-building in Afghanistan: a case showing the limits? Lucy Morgan Edwards The future of Afghanistan: an Afghan responsibility Conflict I in Afghanistan Taiba Rahim Humanitarian debate: Law, policy, action www.icrc.org/eng/review Conflict in Cambridge Journals Online For further information about this journal please go to the journal web site at: ISSN 1816-3831 http://www.journals.cambridge.org/irc Afghanistan I Editorial Team Editor-in-Chief: Vincent Bernard The Review is printed in English and is Editorial assistant: Michael Siegrist published four times a year, in March, Publication assistant: June, September and December. Claire Franc Abbas Annual selections of articles are also International Review of the Red Cross published on a regional level in Arabic, Aim and scope 19, Avenue de la Paix Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish. The International Review of the Red Cross is a periodical CH - 1202 Geneva, Switzerland published by the ICRC. Its aim is to promote reflection on t +41 22 734 60 01 Published in association with humanitarian law, policy and action in armed conflict and f +41 22 733 20 57 Cambridge University Press. -
Afghanistan Country Fact Sheet 2018
Country Fact Sheet Afghanistan 2018 Credit: IOM/Matthew Graydon 2014 Disclaimer IOM has carried out the gathering of information with great care. IOM provides information at its best knowledge and in all conscience. Nevertheless, IOM cannot assume to be held accountable for the correctness of the information provided. Furthermore, IOM shall not be liable for any conclusions made or any results, which are drawn from the information provided by IOM. I. CHECKLIST FOR VOLUNTARY RETURN 1. Before the return 2. After the return II. HEALTH CARE 1. General information 2. Medical treatment and medication III. LABOUR MARKET AND EMPLOYMENT 1. General information 2. Ways/assistance to find employment 3. Unemployment assistance 4. Further education and trainings IV. HOUSING 1. General Information 2. Ways/assistance to find accommodation 3. Social grants for housing V. SOCIAL WELFARE 1. General Information 2. Pension system 3. Vulnerable groups VI. EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM 1. General Information 2. Cost, loans and stipends 3. Approval and verification of foreign diplomas VII. CONCRETE SUPPORT FOR RETURNEES 1. Reintegration assistance programs 2. Financial and administrative support 3. Support to start income generating activities VIII. CONTACT INFORMATION AND USEFUL LINKS 1. International, Non-Governmental, Humanitarian Organizations 2. Relevant local authorities 3. Services assisting with the search for jobs, housing, etc. 4. Medical Facilities 5. Other Contacts For further information please visit the information portal on voluntary return and reintegration ReturningfromGermany: 2 https://www.returningfromgermany.de/en/countries/afghanistan I. Checklist for Voluntary Return Insert Photo here Credit: IOM/ 2003 Before the Return After the Return The returnee should The returnee should ✔request documents: e.g. -
The Layha for the Mujahideen: an Analysis of the Code of Conduct for the Taliban Fighters Under Islamic Law
Volume 93 Number 881 March 2011 The Layha for the Mujahideen:an analysis of the code of conduct for the Taliban fighters under Islamic law Muhammad Munir* Dr.Muhammad Munir is Associate Professor and Chairman,Department of Law, Faculty of Shari‘a and Law, International Islamic University, Islamabad. Abstract The following article focuses on the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan Rules for the Mujahideen** to determine their conformity with the Islamic jus in bello. This code of conduct, or Layha, for Taliban fighters highlights limiting suicide attacks, avoiding civilian casualties, and winning the battle for the hearts and minds of the local civilian population. However, it has altered rules or created new ones for punishing captives that have not previously been used in Islamic military and legal history. Other rules disregard the principle of distinction between combatants and civilians and even allow perfidy, which is strictly prohibited in both Islamic law and international humanitarian law. The author argues that many of the Taliban rules have only a limited basis in, or are wrongly attributed to, Islamic law. * The help of Andrew Bartles-Smith, Prof. Brady Coleman, Major Nasir Jalil (retired), Ahmad Khalid, and Dr. Marty Khan is acknowledged. The quotations from the Qur’an in this work are taken, unless otherwise indicated, from the English translation by Muhammad Asad, The Message of the Qur’an, Dar Al-Andalus, Redwood Books, Trowbridge, Wiltshire, 1984, reprinted 1997. ** The full text of the Layha is reproduced as an annex at the end of this article. doi:10.1017/S1816383111000075 81 M. Munir – The Layha for the Mujahideen: an analysis of the code of conduct for the Taliban fighters under Islamic law Do the Taliban qualify as a ‘non-state armed group’? Since this article deals with the Layha,1 it is important to know whether the Taliban in Afghanistan, as a fighting group, qualify as a ‘non-state Islamic actor’. -
The Afghanistan-Pakistan Wars, 2008–2009: Micro-Geographies, Conflict Diffusion, and Clusters of Violence
The Afghanistan-Pakistan Wars, 2008–2009: Micro-geographies, Conflict Diffusion, and Clusters of Violence John O’Loughlin, Frank D. W. Witmer, and Andrew M. Linke1 Abstract: A team of political geographers analyzes over 5,000 violent events collected from media reports for the Afghanistan and Pakistan conflicts during 2008 and 2009. The violent events are geocoded to precise locations and the authors employ an exploratory spatial data analysis approach to examine the recent dynamics of the wars. By mapping the violence and examining its temporal dimensions, the authors explain its diffusion from traditional foci along the border between the two countries. While violence is still overwhelmingly concentrated in the Pashtun regions in both countries, recent policy shifts by the American and Pakistani gov- ernments in the conduct of the war are reflected in a sizeable increase in overall violence and its geographic spread to key cities. The authors identify and map the clusters (hotspots) of con- flict where the violence is significantly higher than expected and examine their shifts over the two-year period. Special attention is paid to the targeting strategy of drone missile strikes and the increase in their number and geographic extent by the Obama administration. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: H560, H770, O180. 15 figures, 1 table, 113 ref- erences. Key words: Afghanistan, Pakistan, Taliban, Al- Qaeda, insurgency, Islamic terrorism, U.S. military, International Security Assistance Forces, Durand Line, Tribal Areas, Northwest Frontier Province, ACLED, NATO. merica’s “longest war” is now (August 2010) nearing its ninth anniversary. It was Alaunched in October 2001 as a “war of necessity” (Barack Obama, August 17, 2009) to remove the Taliban from power in Afghanistan, and thus remove the support of this regime for Al-Qaeda, the terrorist organization that carried out the September 2001 attacks in the United States. -
Old Habits, New Consequences Old Habits, New Khalid Homayun Consequences Nadiri Pakistan’S Posture Toward Afghanistan Since 2001
Old Habits, New Consequences Old Habits, New Khalid Homayun Consequences Nadiri Pakistan’s Posture toward Afghanistan since 2001 Since the terrorist at- tacks of September 11, 2001, Pakistan has pursued a seemingly incongruous course of action in Afghanistan. It has participated in the U.S. and interna- tional intervention in Afghanistan both by allying itself with the military cam- paign against the Afghan Taliban and al-Qaida and by serving as the primary transit route for international military forces and matériel into Afghanistan.1 At the same time, the Pakistani security establishment has permitted much of the Afghan Taliban’s political leadership and many of its military command- ers to visit or reside in Pakistani urban centers. Why has Pakistan adopted this posture of Afghan Taliban accommodation despite its nominal participa- tion in the Afghanistan intervention and its public commitment to peace and stability in Afghanistan?2 This incongruence is all the more puzzling in light of the expansion of insurgent violence directed against Islamabad by the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), a coalition of militant organizations that are independent of the Afghan Taliban but that nonetheless possess social and po- litical links with Afghan cadres of the Taliban movement. With violence against Pakistan growing increasingly indiscriminate and costly, it remains un- clear why Islamabad has opted to accommodate the Afghan Taliban through- out the post-2001 period. Despite a considerable body of academic and journalistic literature on Pakistan’s relationship with Afghanistan since 2001, the subject of Pakistani accommodation of the Afghan Taliban remains largely unaddressed. Much of the existing literature identiªes Pakistan’s security competition with India as the exclusive or predominant driver of Pakistani policy vis-à-vis the Afghan Khalid Homayun Nadiri is a Ph.D. -
Strange Victory: a Critical Appraisal of Operation Enduring Freedom and the Afghanistan War
30 JANUARY 2002 RESEARCH MONOGRAPH #6 Strange Victory: A critical appraisal of Operation Enduring Freedom and the Afghanistan war Carl Conetta PROJECT ON DEFENSE ALTERNATIVES COMMONWEALTH INSTITUTE, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS Contents Introduction 3 1. What has Operation Enduring Freedom accomplished? 4 1.1 The fruits of victory 4 1.1.1 Secondary goals 5 1.2 The costs of the war 6 1.2.1 The humanitarian cost of the war 7 1.2.2 Stability costs 7 2. Avoidable costs: the road not taken 9 3. War in search of a strategy 10 3.1 The Taliban become the target 10 3.2 Initial war strategy: split the Taliban 12 3.2.1 Romancing the Taliban 13 3.2.2 Pakistan: between the devil and the red, white, and blue 14 3.3 The first phase of the air campaign: a lever without a fulcrum 15 3.3.1 Strategic bombardment: alienating hearts and minds 15 3.4 A shift in strategy -- unleashing the dogs of war 17 4. A theater redefined 18 4.1 Reshuffling Afghanistan 19 4.2 Regional winners and losers 20 4.3 The structure of post-war Afghan instability 21 4.3.1 The Bonn agreement: nation-building or “cut and paste”? 22 4.3.2 Peacekeepers for Afghanistan: too little, too late 24 4.4 A new game: US and Afghan interests diverge 25 4.4.1 A failure to adjust 26 5. The tunnel at the end of the light 28 5.1 The path charted by Enduring Freedom 28 5.2 The triumph of expediency 29 5.3 The ascendancy of Defense 29 5.4 Realism redux 31 5.5 Bread and bombs 32 5.6 The fog of peace 34 Appendix 1. -
Revolutionary Afghanistan Is No Exception
CONTENTS PREFACE 1. In Search of Hafizullah Amin 6 2. Three Revolutionaries 12 3. A House Divided: the PDPA, 1965-1973 25 4. The Making of a Revolution: the PDPA, 1973-1978 39 5. The Inheritance: Afghanistan, 1978 53 6. Strategy for Reform 88 7. The Eid Conspiracy 106 8. A Treaty and a Murder: Closing the American Option 120 9. The Question of Leadership 133 10. The Summer of Discontent 147 11. The End Game 166 12. ‘. And the People Remain’ 186 Select Bibliography 190 PREFACE PREFACE The idea for this book arose from a visit to Kabul in March 1979 when it became immediately obvious that what was happening in Afghanistan bore little relation to reports appearing in the Western media. Further research subsequently reinforced that impression. Much of the material on which the book is based was collected in the course of my 1979 field trip which took me to India, Pakistan and the United Kingdom as well as Afghanistan and during a follow-up trip to India and Pakistan from December 1980 to January 1981. Unfortunately by then times had changed and on this second occasion the Afghan government refused me a visa. Texts of speeches and statements by Afghan leaders and other Afghan government documents have for the most part been taken from the Kabul Times, since these are in effect the official version. I have however taken the liberty where necessary of adjusting the syntax of the Afghan translator. The problem of transliteration is inescapable, and at the risk of offending the purists I have chosen what appears to be the simplest spelling of Afghan names and have tried to be consistent.