Rwanda 2002 -2006’, Kigali, Commission’, Final Report, December 2005

Annex A DOCUMENTS REVIEWED

Askwith, Michael and Claudine Zaninka, Institute for Justice and Reconciliation, ‘Report of the Mid-Term Review Mission ‘Evaluation and Impact Assessment of the UNDP Country Cooperation of the National Unity and Reconciliation Framework for Rwanda 2002 -2006’, Kigali, Commission’, Final Report, December 2005. Rwanda, 2004. International Crisis Group, ‘Rwanda at the Ballabola, Stella, ‘Perceptions about the Gacaca End of Transition: A Necessary Political Law in Rwanda,’ Centre for Conflict Liberation’, Africa Report No 53, Management, Butare, Rwanda. November 2002. Jourdaan, Eduard, ‘Inadequately Self-Critical: Barnett, Michael, The United Nations and Rwanda’s Self-Assessment for the African Rwanda: Eyewitness to a Genocide, Cornell Peer Review Mechanism’, African Affairs, University Press, Ithaca, New York, 2002. Vol. 105, No. 420, April 2006, pp 333-351. Bartholomeeussen, Stan and David Twahira, Kayumbe, Christopher, Jean-Paul Kimonyo ‘Appraisal of the Decentralisation Process in and Noel Twagiramungu, ‘Supporting the Rwanda’, The Hague, September 2003. Post-Genocide Transition in Rwanda,’ Clay, Daniel, Thomas Reardon, and Jaakko Netherlands Institute of International Kangasniemi, ‘Sustainable Identification in Relations Conflict Research Unit, the Highland Tropics: Rwandan Farmers’ December 2004. Investments in Land Conservation and Soil Kairaba, A, ‘Integrating Land Issues into PRS Fertility’, Economic Development and and the Broader Development Agenda— Cultural Change, Vol. 46, No. 2, January Rwanda Country Case Study’, paper 1998, pp 351-377. presented at regional workshop on land issues in Africa and the Middle East, The East African Centre for Constitutional Kampala, Uganda, 29 April - 2 May 2002. Development, Searching for Sense and Humanity: Civil Society and the Struggle for Kituo Cha Katiba – East African Centre for Constitutional Development, ‘Searching for a Better Rwanda, Kampala, 2004. Sense of Humanity: Civil Society and the Economist Intelligence Unit, ‘Rwanda–Country Struggle for a Better Rwanda’. Profile 2006’, London, England, 2006. Lassibille, Gérard and Jee-Peng Tan, ‘The Economist Intelligence Unit, ‘Rwanda-Country Returns to Education in Rwanda’, Journal of Report’, November 2006. African Economies, Vol. 14, No. 4, October European Union, ‘Rwanda Co-operation’, Draft 2005, pp 92-116. Joint Annual Report, 2005. Lopez, Humberto and Quentin Wodon, ‘The Economic Impact of Armed Conflict in Fisiy, Cyprian F, ‘Of Journeys and Border Rwanda’, Journal of African Economies, Crossings: Return of Refugees, Identity, and Vol. 14, No. 4, October 2005, pp 586-602. Reconstruction in Rwanda’, African Studies Review, Vol. 41, No. 1, April 1998, pp 17-28. Maina, Chris and Edith Kibalama (editors), ‘Searching for Sense and Humanity for a FitchRatings, ‘Republic of Rwanda’, Better Rwanda: A Report of the Fact 19 December 2006, available online Finding Mission Organized under the at www.fitchratings.com. Auspices of Kitu Cha Kaba’, Undated. Gakusi, Albert-Enéas and Frédérique Mouzer, Mamdani, Mahmood, ‘When Victims Become ‘De La Révolution Rwandaise à la Contre- Killers’, Princeton University Press, révolution’, L’Harmattan, Paris, 2003. Princeton, 2001.

ANNEX A. DOCUMENTS REVIEWED 59 Omutesi, Marie Beatrice, ‘Is Reconciliation Government of Rwanda and UNDP, ‘Tripartite Between Hutus and Tutsis Possible?’, Consultations on Aid Management and the Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 60, No. Development Assistance Database’, 1, Fall/Winter 2006, pp 158, 199-206. Ministry of Finance and Economic PRIO, ‘Monitoring and Research Report on the Planning, Kigali, July 2006. Gacaca’, Information gathering during the Government of Rwanda and UNDP-UNEP, national Phase, June 2006. ‘Rwanda Poverty and Environment Initiative Fact Sheet’, Kigali, November 2006. ‘PRI Integrated Report on Gacaca Research and Monitoring’, Pilot Phase, January 2002- Government of Rwanda National Poverty December 2004. Reduction Programme, ‘Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP)’, Kigali, June 2002. Reyntjens, Filip, ‘Rwanda, Ten Years On: From Genocide to Dictatorship’, African Affairs, Government of Rwanda, ‘Capacity Building 2004, pp 177-187. Project for Strengthening the National HIV/AIDS Response’, Kigali, January- Sarkin, Jeremy, ‘The Tension between Justice December 2004. and Reconciliation in Rwanda: Politics, Human Rights, Due Process, and the Role Government of Rwanda, ‘Draft National of the Gacaca Courts in Dealing with the Human Development Report’, Kigali, Rwanda, 2006. Genocide’, Journal of African Law, Vol. 45, No. 2, 2001, pp 143-172. Government of Rwanda, ‘Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Van Hoyweghen, Saskia, ‘The Urgency of Land Strategy, 2008-2012’, Ministry of Finance and Agrarian Reform in Rwanda’, African and Economic Planning, Kigali, Affairs, Vol. 98, No. 392, July 1999, September 2007. pp 353-372. Government of Rwanda, ‘First Semester Report VNG International, ‘Rwanda Decentralization of the Decentralization and Environment Strategic Framework (RDSF) 2007-2011’, Management Project’, Ministry of Lands, The Hague, January 2007. Environment, Forestry, Water, and Mines, Kigali, 2005. GOVERNMENT Government of Rwanda, ‘Fiscal and Financial Decentralisation Policy’, Kigali, Central Statistics Office, ‘Synthèse du 3ème December 2005. Recensement Général du Rwanda–Août Government of Rwanda, ‘Local Administration 2002’, Ministry of Economics and Finance, Reform Policy’, Kigali, August 2005. Kigali, Rwanda, 2003. Government of Rwanda, ‘Minutes of the Government of Rwanda and development Development partners Coordination Group partners, ‘2006 Aid Effectiveness Report’, Meeting’, Kigali, November 2006. Kigali, November 2006. Government of Rwanda, ‘Multi-sectoral Government of Rwanda, ‘2006 Survey on Capacity Building Programme’, Kigali, Monitoring the Paris Declaration on Aid January 2005. Effectiveness’, Rwanda’s Submission to Government of Rwanda, ‘National Human OECD-DAC, 13 November 2006. Development Report’, Kigali, Rwanda, 1999. Government of Rwanda and development Government of Rwanda, ‘National Human partners, ‘Aid Coordination, Harmonization, Development Report’, National University and Alignment in Rwanda—2005 Annual of Rwanda and UNDP, Kigali, 2006. Report’, Kigali, 2006. Government of Rwanda, ‘National Unity and Government of Rwanda and development Reconciliation Commission (NURC), partners, ‘Update on the Deployment of the Opinion Survey: The Process of Development Assistance Database’, Kigali, Decentralization and Democratization in July 2006. Rwanda’, Kigali, March 2004.

60 ANNEX A. DOCUMENTS REVIEWED Government of Rwanda, ‘Pilot Integrated Government of Rwanda, ‘Strategic Plan 2007- Ecosystem Assessment Bugesera’, Draft 2011’, National Institute of Statistics Final Report Prepared for the UNEP/ January 2007. UNDP/GOR Poverty and Environment Government of Rwanda, ‘Strategic Plan for the Initiative (PEI) Project, Rwanda Judiciary 2005-2007’, Supreme Court of Environment Management Authority, Rwanda, Kigali, 2005. Kigali, Rwanda, 2006. Government of Rwanda, ‘Strategy for Government of Rwanda, ‘Poverty Reduction Developing Capacity for Effective Strategy Paper: National Poverty Reduction Decentralized Governance and Local Level Program’, Ministry of Finance and Service Delivery in Rwanda’, Kigali, 2005. Economic Planning, June 2002. Government of Rwanda, ‘Third United Nations Government of Rwanda, ‘Preliminary Poverty Conference on the Least Developed Update Report: Integrated Living Countries Brussels 14-20’, Kigali, May, 2001. Conditions Survey’, National Institute Government of Rwanda, ‘Vision 2020’, Kigali, of Statistics, December 2006. Rwanda, 2000. Government of Rwanda, ‘Producing the Institut National de la Statistique, ‘Rwanda Economic Development and Poverty Demographic and Health Survey 2005’, Reduction Strategy: A User Guide’, Kigali, Ministry of Finance and Economic January 2006. Planning, Kigali, July 2006. Government of Rwanda, ‘Progress Report of the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, Decentralization and Environment ‘Millennium Development Goals, Towards Management Project’, Ministry of Lands, Sustainable Social and Economic Growth’, Environment, Forestry, Water, and Mines, National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, June-November 2005. Kigali, 2007. Government of Rwanda, ‘PRSP Annual National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, Progress Report ( June 2002-June 2003)’, ‘Preliminary Poverty Update Report, Kigali, 2003. Integrated Living Conditions Survey 2005/ Government of Rwanda, ‘PRSP Annual 06’, (Enquête Intégrale sur les Conditions de Vie des Ménages), December 2006. Progress Report ( June 2003-June 2004)’, Kigali, 2004. ‘Updated Report from Gacaca Secretariat in Kigali’, December 2006. Government of Rwanda, ‘PRSP Annual Progress Report ( June 2004-June 2005)’, Kigali, 2005. GENERAL UNDP/DONOR STRATEGIES, Government of Rwanda, ‘Report of the Joint PLANS, EVALUATIONS AND REVIEWS Budget Support and Public Financial Management Review’, Kigali, April 2006. Global Development Advisors, ‘Harmonization Government of Rwanda, ‘Rwanda Aid Policy’, of UNEP and UNDP Operational Kigali, July 2006. Procedures for Joint Programming’, United Kingdom Foreign and Commonwealth Government of Rwanda, ‘Rwanda Governance- Office, London, England, 2006. Celebrating 12 Years of Rwanda’s Unity and Reconciliation Process’, Issue Number 005, European Union, ‘Rwanda Cooperation: Draft Kigali, 2006. Annual Report 2005’, 2006. Maina, Chris and Edith Kibalama (editors), Government of Rwanda, ‘Rwanda: A Long ‘Searching for Sense and Humanity for a Term Investment Framework’, Kigali, Better Rwanda: A report of the Fact February 2006. Finding Mission Organized Under the Government of Rwanda, ‘Rwanda Women’s Auspices of Kitu Cha Kaba’, Undated. Parliamentary Forum (RWPF) Strategic Management Systems International, ‘Greater Plan 2005-2009’, Kigali, 2005. Horn of Africa Peace Building Project: Government of Rwanda, ‘Rwandan Public Rwanda Conflict Vulnerability Assessment’, Administration Reform’, Kigali, February 2005. Washington, DC, August 2002.

ANNEX A. DOCUMENTS REVIEWED 61 Martonakova, Henrieta and UNDP Rwanda, UNDP Evaluation Office, ‘Guidelines for the ‘Suggestions on How to Take into Account Assessment of Development Results’, the Aspect of Environmental Sustainability New York, 2006. in the ADR Process’, Kigali, November 2006. UNDP Regional Bureau for Africa, ‘Strategy Multilateral Organisation Performance and Management Review’, New York, Assessment Network, Rwanda Country May 2006. Report, 2004. UNDP Rwanda, ‘Annual Report 2005’, NEPAD, ‘African Peer Review Mechanism: Kigali, 2006. Country Review Report of the Republic UNDP Rwanda, ‘Draft Inception Report: of Rwanda’, November 2005. Mapping of Capacity Building Activities in NEPAD, ‘African Post Conflict Reconstruction Rwanda’, Kigali, December 2006. Policy Framework’, Governance, Peace and UNDP Rwanda, ‘Note on CD strategy in Security Program, June 2005. Rwanda. Governance Unit’, Kigali, OECD/DAC, ‘Harmonising Donor Practices January 2007. for Effective Aid Delivery’, Paris, France, 2003. UNDP Rwanda, ‘Improving Organizational Opio-Odongo, Joseph, ‘Capacity Development Effectiveness: Country Office Retreat’, in SEA Application in Rwanda: Lessons February 2006. Learned and Implications for Economic UNDP Rwanda, ‘Informal Briefing Note for Development and Poverty Reduction MOPAN Exercise’, Kigali, undated. Strategy Process’, UNDP Regional Service UNDP Rwanda, ‘Turning Vision 2020 into Centre for Eastern and Southern Africa, Reality: From Recovery to Sustainable Nairobi, August 2006. Human Development. National Human Opio-Odongo, Joseph, ‘Mainstreaming Development Report’, Kigali, 2007. Environment into Poverty Reduction UNDP Rwanda, ‘UNDP Rwanda Strategies: Lessons for Rwanda’, UNDP Strategic Positioning Report’, Kigali, Regional Service Centre for Eastern and Rwanda, Undated. Southern Africa, Nairobi, February 2005. UNDP Rwanda, ‘UNDAF Strategic Overseas Development Institute, ‘Country Case Prioritization Retreat Report’, Kigali, 2006. Study 5: Assessment of the MTEF in Rwanda’, London, May 2003. UNDP, ‘1st Country Cooperation Framework (1998-2000)’, Executive Board of the Penal Reform International, ‘Integrated Report United Nations Development Programme on Gacaca Research and Monitoring and of the United Nations Population Fund, January 2002-December 2004’, London, 2005. Kigali, 9 February 1998. Penal Reform International, ‘Monitoring and UNDP, ‘2nd Country Cooperation Framework Research Report on the Gacaca: (2002-2006)’, Executive Board of the Information-Gathering During the United Nations Development Programme National Phase’, London, England, 2006. and of the United Nations Population Fund, UNDP and the Government of Rwanda, ‘Draft Kigali, 2002. National Policy of Urbanisation’, Ministry UNDP, ‘Capacity Building for Strengthening of Infrastructure, Kigali, 2006. National Response of HIV/AIDS in UNDP and the Government of Rwanda, Rwanda’, Kigali, 2003. ‘National Human Development Report UNDP, ‘Common Country Assessment- 1999’, Kigali, October 1999. Rwanda (1999-2000)’, Kigali, 2000. UNDP Bureau of Development Policy, UNDP, ‘Country Cooperation Framework ‘Environmental and Energy Key Extension (2001)’, Executive Board of the Development Priorities 2008-2011’, United Nations Development Programme New York, 2005. and of the United Nations Population Fund, UNDP Bureau of Development Policy, Kigali, 2001. ‘Governance in Post-conflict Countries’, UNDP, ‘Country Cooperation: Project Profiles New York, 2004. Rwanda (November 2004)’, Kigali, 2004.

62 ANNEX A. DOCUMENTS REVIEWED UNDP, ‘Evaluation of Capacity Building for NON-UNDP EVALUATIONS National Response to HIV/AIDS in Rwanda (2004)’, Kigali, 2004. African Development Bank, ‘Evaluation of UNDP, ‘Evaluation of Capacity-Building and Bank Assistance’, August 2003. Civil Service’, Kigali, August 2003. Boston Consulting Group, ‘Final Draft Joint UNDP, ‘Evaluation of Good Governance for Office and ‘One UN’: From Concepts to Poverty Reduction (2003)’, Kigali, 2003. Reality’, January 2007. UNDP, ‘Evaluation of Poverty Reduction Catholic Relief Services, ‘Rwanda Development Strategy Implementation and Aid Assistance Programme Evaluation’, Coordination ( July 2005)’, Kigali, January 2005. Rwanda, 2005. DANIDA, ‘Assessment of the Impact and UNDP, ‘Evaluation of Resettlement and Influence of the Joint Evaluation of Reintegration (2004)’, Kigali, 2004. Emergency Assistance to Rwanda’, December 2004. UNDP, ‘Evaluation of Small Scale Dairy Development (Heifer Rwanda, 2004)’, DfID, ‘Evaluation of Rwanda Country Kigali, September 2004. Programme (2000-2005)’, January 2006. UNDP, ‘Evaluation of Support to MINALOC Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of Decentralisation (2003)’, Kigali, the United Nations, ‘Evaluation of the September 2003. World Food Country Programme in UNDP, ‘Mid-term Review of the Support to Rwanda from 2003-2006’, Rome, 2006. Capacity Building and Civil Service Reform IDD and Associates, ‘Joint Evaluation of in Rwanda’, August 2003. General Budget Support 1994-2004’, UNDP, ‘Strengthening Capacities of the May 2006. Rwandan Human Rights Commission’, National Unity and Reconciliation Commission, Project Document, Kigali, Rwanda, ‘Impact Assessment’, October 2005. July 2005. Multilateral Organisation Performance UNDP, ‘United Nations Development Assessment Network (MOPAN), ‘Rwanda Assistance Framework (UNDAF) Rwanda Country Report’, 2004. (2002-2006)’, Kigali, 2002. Organisation for Social Science Research in UNEP, ‘Mid-Term Evaluation of the Eastern and Southern Africa, ‘Poverty Partnership between the Belgian Analysis of Ubudehe Voices’, December 2006. Directorate General for Development SIDA, ‘Evaluation of Swedish Support to Cooperation and UNEP’, Evaluation and Decentralisation Reform in Rwanda’, Oversight Unit, Nairobi, 2006. December 2004. United Nations System in Rwanda, ‘Millennium USAID, ‘Rwanda Democracy and Governance Development Goals Status Report 2003’, Assessment’ Office of Democracy and Kigali, 2003. Governance, November 2002. United States Agency for International United Nations Children’s Fund, ‘Evaluation of Development, ‘Civil Society in Rwanda: Pilot Projects for the Prevention of Mother- Assessment and Options’, 2002. to-Child Transmission of HIV’, August 2003. United States Agency for International Development, ‘Gender and Property World Bank, ‘Africa Region: The Search for Rights within Post-Conflict Situations’, Post Conflict Socio-economic Change, April 2005. 1995-2001’, working paper. United States Agency for International World Bank, ‘Country Assistance Strategy Development, ‘Rwanda Democracy and (CAS)’, 2004. Governance Assessment’, November 2002. The World Bank, ‘Evaluation Report of the UNDP and the National University of Rwanda, Multi-Sectoral HIV/AIDS Project’, 2006. ‘Rwanda–National Human Development World Bank, ‘Monitoring and Evaluation Report, 2006’, Background Papers, Kigali, Support to Rwanda’s Multi-Country HIV/ Rwanda, 2006. AIDS Program Report’, November 2006.

ANNEX A. DOCUMENTS REVIEWED 63 World Bank, ‘Rwanda: Country Assistance UN COORDINATION Strategy’, January 2004. The World Bank, ‘The Search for Post-Conflict United Nations Capital Development Fund, Socio-Economic Change 1995-2001’, ‘Decentralisation and Poverty in Rwanda’, Africa Region Working Paper Series, October 2003. November 2003. United Nations Coordination Unit Office of the The World Food Programme, ‘Enhanced Resident Coordinator, ‘Report of the Commitments to Women to Ensure UNDAF Strategic Prioritization Retreat’, Food Security’, WFP/EB.3/2002/4-A, December 2006. September 2002.

64 ANNEX A. DOCUMENTS REVIEWED Annex B INDIVIDUALS INTERVIEWED

GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS Silas, Rwakabamba, Professor, Rector, National University of Rwanda, [email protected] Protais, Musoni, Minister, Ministry of Local Rwamucyo, Ernest, Director General, Government, Good Governance, Economic Development Planning, Ministry Community Development and Social of Finance and Economic Planning, Affairs, [email protected] [email protected] Rugege, Sam, Deputy Chief Justice, Supreme Makala, Baloko, Director of ICT, Ministry of Court, [email protected] Infrastructure, [email protected] Patricie, Hajabakiga, Minister of State in Cherles, Karake, Director, Human Resource Charge of Lands and Environment, and Institutional Capacity Development Ministry of Lands, Environment, Forestry, Agency, [email protected] Water and Mines, [email protected] Nyirubutama, Jean Jacques, Director, Nyirahabineza, Valérie, Minister for the Ministry of Finance and Economic Promotion of Family and Gender, Prime Planning, External Finance Unit, Minister’s office, [email protected] [email protected] Nyaruhirira, Innocent, Dr., Minister of Sebagabo, Barnabé, Director of Planning, HIV/AIDS and Other Epidemics, Ministry Policies and Capacity Building, Ministry of Health, [email protected] of Public Service and Labour, Mukankusi, Charlotte, Secretary General, [email protected] Ministry of Public Service and Labour, Kabandana, Marc, Director, Rwanda Institute [email protected] of Administration and Management, Kanakuze, Judith, Honourable Deputy, [email protected] Parliament of Rwanda Mugisha, Faustin, Director of Administration Kayijire, Agnes, Honourable Senator & Vice and Finance, Rwanda Institute of Chairperson of Foreign Affairs, Administration and Management, Cooperation & Security, Parliament of [email protected] Rwanda, [email protected] Rugemintwaza, Népo, NDIS Capacity Building Gahongayire, Anne, Secretary General, Expert, Ministry of Local Government, Supreme Court, [email protected] Good Governance, Community Development and Social Affairs, Habimana, Jean Damascene, Secretary General, [email protected] National Prosecutor Service, [email protected] Fundira, Emile, Coordinator & Director, Integrate Framework, Ministry of Nsanzumuganwa, Emmanuel, Secretary General, Commerce, Industry, Investment Ministry of Lands, Environment, Forestry, Promotion, Tourism and Cooperatives, Water and Mines, [email protected] [email protected] Habarurema, Anicet, Secretary General, Shingiro, Christian, Budget Support Specialist, Parliament Chamber of Deputies, Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, [email protected] [email protected] Gatare, Francis, President’s Advisor, NEPAD, Mutagoma, Sufian, Coordinator, [email protected] Community Development Project Support Mudidi, Emmanuel, Rector, Kigali Institute of to Gicumbi and Rulindo Districts, Education, [email protected] [email protected]

ANNEX B. INDIVIDUALS INTERVIEWED 65 Rwangombwa, John, Secretary General and Nyangezi, Bonane, Mayor, Gicumbi District, Secretary to the Treasury, Ministry of North Province Finance and Economic Planning, Butera, Ildephonse, Deputy Mayor in charge of [email protected] Finances and Economic Development, Mulisa, Alex, National Project Manager, Gicumbi District, North Province Poverty Environment Initiative, Rwanda Uwamahoro, Eugenie, Deputy Mayor in Environment Management Authority, charge of Social Affairs, Gicumbi District, [email protected] North Province Godfrey, Kamukala L., Senior Technical Akimanizanye, Emmanuel, Directeur, Advisor, Rwanda Environment Planification et Développement Management Authority Economique, Gicumbi District, Ashimwe, Mary, Deputy Executive Secretary North Province in charge of Administration and Finance, Niyonzima, Maximillien, Executive Secretary, National Electoral Commission, Gicumbi District, North Province [email protected] Ndimukaga, Etienne, Expert, Gicumbi District, Mukankusi, Périnne, Director of Planning, North Province Ministry of Justice Ngezahayo, Rutamu Vincent, Legal Barikana, Eugène, Secretary General, Representative, Rwanda Rw’Ubu Center for MINALOC Orphan and Vulnerable Children Habumuremyi, Pierre Damien, Executive Kavune, Emmanuel, Director, Rwanda Rw’Ubu Secretary, National Electoral Commission Center for Orphan and Vulnerable Kwitonda, Jean Baptiste, Director of Planning, Children, [email protected] National Electoral Commission Munyakazi, Louis, Director General, National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, UN INSTITUTIONS [email protected] Soumare, Moustapha, Resident Mutagoma, Sufian, Coordinator, Project Representative, UNDP CO, Rwanda, for Community Development of [email protected] Gicumbi/Rulindo Seppo, Mia, Country Programme Advisor, Rugege, Sam, Deputy Chief Justice, Supreme Regional Bureau for Africa, Court of Rwanda [email protected] Mirembe, Alphonsine, Justice Sector Noudehou, Alain, Programme Director and Coordination Officer, Justice Sector Deputy Resident Representative, UNDP Munyakazi, Dr., Director General, Statistics CO, Rwanda, [email protected] Direction, Ministry of Finance and Gatere Ntarindwa, Maggy, Programme Economic Planning Specialist Head of Governance Unit, Hakizimana, Jean Baptiste, Deputy Mayor, UNDP CO, Rwanda, Karongi District, Western Province, [email protected] [email protected] Rampolla, Gianluca, Head of Unit Aid Habyarimana, Eric, In charge of environment Coordination Unit, UNDP CO, Rwanda, and natural resources, Karongi District, [email protected] Western Province, [email protected] Rwabuyonza, Jean Paul, National Economist Twagiramutara, Aimable, Mayor, Huye District, and Head of Strategic Policy & Economic Southern Province, [email protected] Management Unit, UNDP CO, Rwanda, Ngirabatware, Charles, Mayor, Nyabihu [email protected] District, Western Province Christine, Umutoni N., Programme Specialist, Nirere, Beatrice, Presidente Consultative Head of Unit, Justice/Gender/ Council of Gicumbi District, Gicumbi HIV-AIDS, UNDP CO, Rwanda, District in North Province [email protected]

66 ANNEX B. INDIVIDUALS INTERVIEWED Sorensen, Louise W., Technical Advisor Duwyn, Jonathan, Programme Officer, UNDP- Poverty Environment Initiative, Rwanda UNEP Poverty Environment Initiative, Environment Management Authority, UNEP, Nairobi, [email protected] [email protected] Henningsen, Kamella, Associate Programme Maekawa, Miko, Head of Sustainable Officer, UNDP-UNEP Poverty Livelihoods Unit, Assistant Resident Environment Initiative, UNEP, Nairobi, Representative, UNDP CO, Rwanda, [email protected] [email protected] Opio-Odongo, Joseph, Energy and Nkubito, Eugène, Programme Specialist Environment Policy Advisor, UNDP Regional Service Centre, Nairobi, Governance Unit, UNDP CO, Rwanda, [email protected] [email protected] Woodsworth, Gregory, Energy and Musenge, Doreca K., Programme Associate Environment Policy Advisor, UNDP Sustainable Livelihood Unit, UNDP CO, Regional Service Centre, Nairobi, Rwanda, [email protected] [email protected] Kabuto, Alexis, Programme Analyst Sustainable Dobie, Philip, Director, Dryland Development Livelihood Unit, UNDP CO, Rwanda Centre, UNDP, Nairobi, Kayitesi, Aline, Programme Officer, Strategic [email protected] Policy & Economic Management Unit, Hazelwood, Peter, Poverty Environment UNDP CO, Rwanda Initiative, Bureau for Development Musinguzi, Richard, Programme Officer, Policy, UNDP, New York, Strategic Policy & Economic Management [email protected] Unit, UNDP CO, Rwanda Rudasingwa, Laurent, UNDP, New York, [email protected] MacKinnon, Lindsey, Governance & Development Consultant, UNDP CO, Rwanda, [email protected] INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS Mukama, Leopold, National Coordinator, UNDP CO Rwanda, Tempelman, Gertjan, Deputy Head of [email protected] Mission, Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, [email protected] Silva Leander, Sebastian Dr., Economist, UNDP CO Rwanda – Strategic Policy & Weingart, Mathias, Country Director, Swiss Economic Management Unit, Agency for Development and Cooperation, [email protected] [email protected] Hirvonen, Maarit, Country Director and Krischel, Rainer, Director of GTZ Rwanda, German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) in Representative, The United Nations Rwanda, [email protected] World Food Programme, [email protected] Geoffroy, Veronique, Attaché, European Commission Delegation in Rwanda, Ahmed, Zakaria, Deputy Country Director, The [email protected] United Nations World Food Programme, [email protected] Demoor, Arnaud, Second Secretary, European Commission Delegation in Rwanda, Taton, Valerie L., Programme Coordinator [email protected] Officer, United Nations Children’s Fund, Barbe, Jean, Conseiller, European [email protected] Commission Delegation in Rwanda, Jawara-Njai, Kinza, UNDP-UNIFEM [email protected] Technical Assistant, Ministry of Strom, Arne, Counsellor Development Gender and Family Promotion, kjawaran- Cooperation, Embassy of Sweden in [email protected] Rwanda, [email protected] Smith, David, Director, UNEP Poverty Baert, Ir. Theo, Dr., Cooperation Advisor, Environment Initiative, UNEP, Nairobi, Embassy of Belgium in Rwanda, [email protected] [email protected]

ANNEX B. INDIVIDUALS INTERVIEWED 67 Pillai, Vijay, Deputy-Head (Programmes) DFID Gallagher, Sean T., Country Representative, Rwanda, Department For International Catholic Relief Services (CRS), Development, [email protected] [email protected] Gakuba, Alexis, Conseiller en Developpement Byamana, Alexis, Conseiller Technique rural et environnemental, Canadian Principal, Helpage Rwanda, Development Programme Support Unit, [email protected] [email protected] Rose, Gahire, Country Programme Manager, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Advisor in Governance, Health Care/AIDS, [email protected] German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) Uwimana, Bonaventure, Directeur des in Rwanda Programmes, Helpage Rwanda, Gregory Gromo, Alex, Expert en [email protected] Demobilization et Reintegration, Secretariat Vumiliya, Jospeh, Administrateur Financier, MDRP, World Bank, Kigali, Rwanda, Agency for Co-operation and Research in [email protected] Development (ACORD), [email protected] Kamurase, Alex, Operations Officer, World Bank, Kigali, Rwanda Nyamulinda, Innocent, Head of Partnership Department, Agency for Co-operation and Viggh, Anna Birgitta, Consultant, Global Research in Development (ACORD), Environment Facility, Evaluation Office, [email protected] [email protected] Serubana, Faustin, Programme Director, Ruzibiza, Emmanuel, Portfolio Coordinator, Rwanda Association of Local Government SNV – Netherlands Development Authority (RALGA) Organisation, [email protected] Desmarais, Jean-Claude, Director, International Uwamariya, Julienne, Portfolio Coordinator, Rescue Committee (IRC) SNV – Netherlands Development Kananura, Paul, Executive Secretary, Organisation, [email protected] Transparency Rwanda Ndahumba, Jean Baptiste, Executive Secretary, NGOs AND CIVIL SOCIETY Rwanda Rw’Ubu Center for Orphan and Vulnerable Children Dills, Laura A., Head of Programming, Edwin, Mitchell, Former Project Manager, Catholic Relief Services (CRS), Decentralized Environmental Management [email protected] Project, Lima, Peru

68 ANNEX B. INDIVIDUALS INTERVIEWED Annex C MATRIX OF EVALUATION QUESTIONS

Performance Key Issue Evaluation Questions Data Sources Area and Review Tools

1. Programme 1.1 Effectiveness GENERAL QUESTIONS § Documented results in delivering ADAPTED FROM ADR IN BHUTAN analyses of development 1.1.1 What are the main contributions to develop- national develop- results ment for which UNDP is recognized in Rwanda? ment changes and achievements in 1.1.2 To what extent is UNDP being recognized for contributing to significant development Rwanda outcomes in Rwanda in each of its practice and § MDGRs, NHDRs, cross-cutting areas? CCA and other 1.1.3 To what extent, and how, do these contribu- relevant national tions relate to the intended outcomes that UNDP reports has strived to achieve? § National FYPs and 1.1.4 Were there any unintended results or other develop- consequences from the work during this period? ment strategies 1.1.5 What are the implications of any mismatch § UNDP programme with what was intended? documents 1.1.6 Is progress on track to enable UNDP to § Supplementary achieve its intended results as planned? preparatory studies SPECIFIC QUESTIONS EMERGED IN SCOPING MISSION § Progress and evaluation reports 1.1.7 Higher level results? How well are outputs (including ROAR, contributing to outcomes, outcomes to objectives? E.g.: MYFF) Were the 2003 and 2006 elections fair and § RTM reports transparent? § Expert opinion § Does UNDP support to GoR to work with rural § courts have an impact? For example, in survey numbers of people processed, numbers of new § Key informant laws promulgated and the effects of these? interviews Effects of support to the Gacaca traditional District adminis- justice system? Reactions to these results from § the survivor versus non-survivor communities? trator interviews CO team § Effects of UNDP support to GoR’s successive § decentralization policies? Are these policies interviews sufficiently well planned and supported? § Focus group Decentralized offices given sufficient technical discussions and budgetary support and capacity development to assume their new roles? Proper assess- § Field visit ment of needs at decentralized levels? observations Stakeholder § Effective monitoring mechanisms in place, e.g., § to inform budget allocation systems? To workshops measure level of satisfaction of local needs? Are the rapid successive changes in the organization of decentralization creating confusion? § Public sector reform: Is it addressing the right issues? What kind of analysis has guided programme planning and activities? What legal changes have emerged? What exposure have they had to analogous issues and responses in comparable countries?

ANNEX C. MATRIX OF EVALUATION QUESTIONS 69 Performance Key Issue Evaluation Questions Data Sources Area and Review Tools

§ Has support to Parliament facilitated anonymity of voting there? Value of the lessons emerging? § How much skill transfer has taken place, for example, in technical assistance support for economic planning? 1.1.8 Are all five units achieving satisfactory results? If not, why not? Are the activities of some units too dispersed over too many different types of activities (110 active projects, $8 million annual budget, five units of which a couple are not very internally coherent, e.g., JHAG)? How could the operations of the CO be better organized/rationalized? 1.1.9 What are the impacts of UNDP’s interventions among local populations (particularly in relation to the goals of poverty reduction and improved governance)? 1.1.10 How has the UNDP contributed to the development of the capacities of partner institutions and more specifically to the development of their human resources? 1.1.11 Are UNDP programmes responding to the real needs of target groups? 1. Programme 1.2 Factors GENERAL QUESTIONS § Documented results influencing the ADAPTED FROM ADR IN BHUTAN analyses of achievement of national develop- development 1.2.1 To what extent has UNDP been responsive to ment changes and results national and local needs and priorities? achievements 1.2.2 To what extent has UNDP been effective in in Rwanda maximizing its comparative advantage and niche § MDGRs, NHDRs, to deliver its results? CCA and other relevant national 1.2.3 To what extent does UNDP use a clear, coherent reports and appropriate strategy to maximize opportunities to contribute to development in Rwanda? § National FYPs and other develop- 1.2.4 To what extent do the programme assump- ment strategies tions and key drivers for its priorities improve its Analysis chances of delivering the most effective and § of strategic relevant results? positioning 1.2 5 To what extent has UNDP been effective in § Map and analysis maximizing the synergies between the component of development parts of its programme and organization to deliver partnerships the results? § Progress and 1.2.6 To what extent, and how have the range and evaluation reports quality of its partnerships influenced the achievement (including ROAR, of results? To what extent has UNDP been effective MYFF) in making use of the opportunities for harmoniza- § Expert opinion tion of its efforts with those of potential partners? survey 1.2.7 To what extent, and how, have the implemen- § Key informant tation capacity and approach of the CO influenced interviews UNDP’s contribution to development results? § District adminis- 1.2.8 To what extent, and how has UNDP’s strategic trator interviews position in Rwanda affected its achievements? § CO team 1.2.9 What other conditions and factors have had interviews a significant influence on the achievement of § Focus group UNDP’s development results? discussions

70 ANNEX C. MATRIX OF EVALUATION QUESTIONS Performance Key Issue Evaluation Questions Data Sources Area and Review Tools

SPECIFIC QUESTIONS § Field visit EMERGED IN SCOPING MISSION observations 1.2.10 What are UNDP Rwanda’s capacity limitations? § Stakeholder Does it suffer from a weak institutional framework? workshops Does it have effective systems for learning from experience and effective quality control norms? Does it take the time to establish and then consis- tently meet performance standards? 1.2.11 Where is the UNDP Rwanda programme realizing opportunities for synergies among the five programming units? E.g., through a coherent and mutually reinforcing approach to supporting decentralization? 1.2.12 What is UNDP Rwanda’s real capacity to provide policy advice on governance and other issues? Has it brought to bear high-quality policy analysis and advice? 1.2.13 How much is the continuity, coherence, competence and direction of UNDP Rwanda’s programme planning and delivery dependent on individuals, starting with the Resident Representative? How much does it suffer from the effects of frequent personnel changes? How might this issue be addressed? 1.2.14 Are problems of continuity and long-term coherence exacerbated by chronic vagaries and uncertainties in staffing, enhancing the rate of loss of the best human resources (i.e., those with the best opportunities to seek alternative opportunities)? 1.2.15 Where should UNDP Rwanda’s programme focus? How could it narrow this focus on to a more easily manageable portfolio? 1.2.16 Are UNDP’s budgets sufficient to meet the needs of its government partners? 1.2.17 Is the UNDP approach too broad, its activities too spread out? Should it concentrate its activities more, to have greater and more tangible impacts and visibility, in relation to other donors? 1.2.18 How efficient/rapid/flexible are UNDP’s decision-making and approval processes during the project development stage, compared with expectations of partners? 1.2.19 Does UNDP have the necessary capacity, human resources especially, to meet its own responsibilities? 1.2.20 Does UNDP respond effectively and quickly enough to recommendations emerging from mid-term evaluations? 1.2.21 How well does UNDP follow up to determine the longer term sustainability of its interventions and results perhaps a year or two after the end of projects, for example? 1.2.22 Is there a problem of lack of continuity of UNDP staff working on national programmes? What does UNDP do to help meet programmes’ needs for stability and continuity?

ANNEX C. MATRIX OF EVALUATION QUESTIONS 71 Performance Key Issue Evaluation Questions Data Sources Area and Review Tools

1.2.23 How sufficient are available resources to achieve the planned objectives? How sufficient are the planned and budgeted activities and outputs for achieving the targeted objectives? How realistic are UNDP project plans? 1.2.24 How well is UNDP’s resource mobilization meeting the real needs? How much are insufficient RM, or unrealistic RM targets, contributing to unrealistic project plans with unachievable objectives? 1.2.25 How well is the national execution modality system meetings partners’ needs? How could it be made more flexible, responsive, fast and efficient? 1.2.26 Does UNDP have the necessary human resources to carry out the mandate and roles it has established for itself in Rwanda? 1.2.27 Do UNDP programmes display the necessary cultural sensitivity? (e.g., Insisting on bottled water at rural events, instead of local beer) 1.2.28 What will be UNDP’s responsibility to respond to the recommendations of the evaluation? When will another ADR be done in Rwanda? 1. Programme 1.3 Sustainability GENERAL QUESTIONS § UNDP programme results of development ADAPTED FROM ADR IN BHUTAN documents results 1.3.1 To what extent will the intended results of § National FYPs and UNDP remain relevant within the changing context other develop- of development in Rwanda? ment strategies 1.3.2 Does UNDP have effective strategies in place § Progress and to increase the likelihood of lasting effects from its evaluation reports development contributions? (including ROAR, MYFF) 1.3.3 Are there any socio-cultural, political, economic or other aspects that may endanger the sustainabil- § Expert opinion ity of the results and benefits of the work of UNDP? survey 1.3.4 Do adequate systemic, technical and § Key informant financial capacities and commitments exist within interviews key role players to capitalize on UNDP’s contribu- § District adminis- tions to development? trator interviews SPECIFIC QUESTIONS § CO team EMERGED IN SCOPING MISSION interviews 1.3.5 How well are GoR’s needs being met with § Focus group UNDP support, such as the Integrated Support discussions Project to MINECOFIN? § Stakeholder 1.3.6 What conclusions can be drawn from data workshops available at MINECOFIN? 1.3.7 What is UNDP’s capacity/flexibility to respond to unforeseen needs that emerge during project implementation? (For example, the Ministry of Justice) 2. Strategic 2.1 Relevance GENERAL QUESTIONS § UNDP and UNDAF positioning ADAPTED FROM ADR IN BHUTAN programme documents 2.1.1 To what extent have UNDP’s programmes been relevant to Rwanda’s most pressing national needs? § MDGRs, NHDRs, CCA and other 2.1.2 To what extent have UNDP’s programmes been relevant national relevant to the GoR’s national development goals reports and strategies?

72 ANNEX C. MATRIX OF EVALUATION QUESTIONS Performance Key Issue Evaluation Questions Data Sources Area and Review Tools

2.1.3 To what extent are the government’s national § National FYPs and development goals and strategies in line with the other develop- most pressing national needs? If discrepancies ment strategies exist, what are the implications for UNDP’s position and programming? § Supplementary preparatory 2.1.4 To whose needs does UNDP seem to be studies responding most frequently (GoR, NGOs, private sector, etc.)? What are the implications? § Progress and evaluation reports 2.1.5 To what extent has UNDP been able to strike a sound balance between upstream and down- (including ROAR, stream initiatives? MYFF) 2.1.6 To what extent would UNDP’s current objectives, § RTM reports thematic foci and implementation strategies remain § Expert opinion appropriate in the next programming cycle? survey SPECIFIC QUESTIONS § Key informant EMERGED IN SCOPING MISSION interviews 2.1.7 What should UNDP Rwanda’s niche be in Rwanda? § District adminis- trator interviews 2.1.8 How can the future programme build on the strengths/comparative advantages and avoid/overcome § CO team the weaknesses? interviews 2.1.9 For example, should UNDP put money into § Focus group basket funds? Or continue to help manage them? discussions 2.1.10 Where has UNDP Rwanda made its greatest § Stakeholder contributions to Rwandan development in the latest workshops programming cycle? Since 2000? 2.1.11 How is the UNDP responding to/addressing the priorities of the GoR? 2. Strategic 2.2 Responsive- GENERAL QUESTIONS § UNDP and UNDAF positioning ness ADAPTED FROM ADR IN BHUTAN programme documents 2.2.1 To what extent and in what manner (ad hoc, planned, strategic, cautious, etc.; building partnerships, § MDGRs, NHDRs, coordinating, piloting, etc.) has UNDP anticipated and CCA and other responded to significant changes in the develop- relevant national ment context relevant to its areas of intervention? reports 2.2.2 To what extent and in what manner has UNDP § National FYPs and been able to capitalize on opportunities and other develop- emerging issues? To what extent has this affected ment strategies its ability to focus on its own goals and vision? § Supplementary 2.2.3 How effectively and in what manner has UNDP preparatory anticipated and dealt with problems and constraints? studies 2.2.4 To what extent were timely and adequate § Progress and adjustments made to the CCF,SRF and MYFF to evaluation reports reflect changing needs and priorities? (including ROAR, MYFF) SPECIFIC QUESTIONS EMERGED IN SCOPING MISSION § RTM reports 2.2.5 Does GoR have faith in UNDP as a partner? If § Expert opinion not why not? survey 2.2.6 Do UNDP Rwanda’s government and donor § Key informant partners have a clear vision of UNDP’s role in interviews Rwanda? How does this correspond with UNDP § District adminis- Rwanda’s self image and strategy? trator interviews 2.2.7 Where there is lack of clarity about UNDP’s § CO team role, what kinds of problems does this engender? interviews How should this issue be addressed in the future?

ANNEX C. MATRIX OF EVALUATION QUESTIONS 73 Performance Key Issue Evaluation Questions Data Sources Area and Review Tools

2.2.8 Is there a lack in UNDP among other donors § Focus group because of this ambiguous character of the UNDP? discussions 2.2.9 What is UNDP’s strategy for coping with the § Stakeholder conflicting imperatives imposed by low absorptive workshops capacities of partners with limited human resources, the need to disburse versus the need to develop capacities? 2.2.10 What is the UNDP? A donor? A special partner of the government that helps resource mobilization especially? A catalyst? 2. Strategic 2.3 Alignment GENERAL QUESTIONS § UNDP programme positioning with MDGs ADAPTED FROM ADR IN BHUTAN documents 2.3.1 To what extent are the CCF,SRF and MYFF § MDGRs strategically linked to the achievement of § National FYPs and the MDGs? Are gaps used to direct programme other develop- development? ment strategies 2.3.2 To what extent have partnerships been § Progress and formed to address the MDGs? Are mechanisms in evaluation reports place for collaboration and knowledge sharing? (including ROAR, 2.3.3 To what extent has UNDP been active in MYFF) raising national awareness around the MDGs? § Supplementary 2.3.4 To what extent is UNDP supporting the preparatory monitoring of progress and preparing MDG reports? studies § Expert opinion survey § Key informant interviews § CO team interviews § Focus group discussions § Stakeholder workshops 2. Strategic 2.4 Alignment GENERAL QUESTIONS § UNDP and UNDAF positioning with the ADAPTED FROM ADR IN BHUTAN programme UN system documents 2.4.1 How relevant are the intended SRF and MYFF outcomes to the intended results of the UN system § Supplementary as expressed in UNDAF? preparatory 2.4.2 How effectively is UNDP contributing to studies UNDAF goals? § Progress and 2.4 3 How effective is the cooperation strategy with evaluation reports other UN agencies within these addressed areas? (including ROAR, MYFF) 2.4.4 To what extent are major programmes designed in active coordination with other § RTM reports UN agencies? § Expert opinion 2.4.5 To what extent is UNDP active in areas not survey indicated in the UNDAF? What are the implications § Key informant of this? interviews 2.4.6 How effectively has UNDP leveraged the § Focus group resources of others towards results? discussions § Stakeholder workshops

74 ANNEX C. MATRIX OF EVALUATION QUESTIONS Performance Key Issue Evaluation Questions Data Sources Area and Review Tools

2. Strategic 2.5 Partnerships GENERAL QUESTIONS § National FYPs and positioning ADAPTED FROM ADR IN BHUTAN other development strategies 2.5.1 Given the existing relationships between the GoR and donors; CSOs, NGOs, the private sector and § Supplementary donors; and donors, how well is UNDP positioned preparatory to contribute to development in Rwanda? Does it studies, including have a unique role compared to those of other donors? map and analysis of development 2.5.2 What are the key development funding partnerships modalities used in Rwanda and how effective are those of UNDP? § Progress and 2.5.3 To what extent is UNDP playing a role in evaluation reports promoting coordination between the GoR and (including ROAR, donors, donors, and CSOs and donors? MYFF) 2.5.4 What are the implications for UNDP of the § Expert opinion anticipated changes in the donor environment survey over the next 5 to 10 years? § Key informant 2.5.5 What are the implications for UNDP of the interviews large amounts of donor funding from non- § Focus group resident agencies flowing into Rwanda? discussions 2.5.6 To what extent has UNDP leveraged support § Stakeholder and funding of partners and donors? What were workshops mitigating and constraining factors? SPECIFIC QUESTIONS EMERGED IN SCOPING MISSION 2.5.7 Do donors trust UNDP as a partner? If not, why not? 2.5.8 What do donors perceive as UNDP Rwanda’s primary strengths and comparative advantages? 2.5.9 What is the ‘UNDP brand’ in Rwanda? What should it be? E.g., governance? MDGs? Capacity development? Systems development? Facilitating dialogue(s) between GoR and international community? 2.5.10 Perceptions of UNDP Rwanda’s main weaknesses, e.g.: § Is UNDP spread too thin? § Is it too close to GoR and not sufficiently neutral? § Is there a necessary level of impartiality to ensure effective aid coordination? § Does UNDP’s close relationship with GoR erode the value of its advice? § Does the Resident Coordinator devote too much time to UN reform at the expense of UNDP? 2.5.11 Does UNDP need a Resident Representative separate from Resident Coordinator? 2.5.12 Are synergies being achieved between UNDP supported programmes and those of other international partners? How can greater synergies be achieved? Examples? 2.5.13 UNDP and World Bank support to developing internet capacities at the district level? 2.5.14 How well are the 10 ’development clusters’ functioning? What contributes to their relative strengths and weaknesses? What are UNDP Rwanda’s contributions and how could these be enhanced?

ANNEX C. MATRIX OF EVALUATION QUESTIONS 75 Performance Key Issue Evaluation Questions Data Sources Area and Review Tools

2.5.15 How can UNDP Rwanda adapt to the longer-term approaches of key partners like GoR, DFID (who are moving to direct budgetary support for 10 years)? 2. Strategic 2.6 Factors GENERAL QUESTIONS § Supplementary positioning influencing ADAPTED FROM ADR IN BHUTAN preparatory UNDP’s position studies 2.6.1 What were the key internal and external Progress and influences on UNDP’s ability to respond to and § evaluation reports position itself in changing contexts? (including ROAR, 2.6.2 To what extent and how effectively is UNDP’s MYFF) position in Rwanda guided by a clear-cut vision Expert opinion and strategy? § survey 2.6.3 Does UNDP have adequate and effective Key informant technical and administrative capacity and systems § interviews to play its perceived and intended role in Rwanda? District adminis- 2.6.4 To what extent, and how, are policy and § trator interviews administrative constraints affecting UNDP’s position and role in Rwanda? § CO team interviews 2.6.5 To what extent, and how, have UNDP’s development contributions affected its position § Focus group and role in Rwanda? discussions 2.6.6 To what extent is UNDP contributing to effective § Stakeholder learning and knowledge sharing among develop- workshops ment partners and programme participants? 2.6.7 To what extent, and how, has UNDP’s partnership approach influenced its position and role in Rwanda? 2. Strategic 2.7 Future role GENERAL QUESTIONS § Country positioning and positioning ADAPTED FROM ADR IN BHUTAN documents, including FYPs 2.7.1 What are the key external factors most likely to have a significant influence on UNDP’s future role § Key informants and position in Rwanda over the next 5 to 10 years? § Focus group 2.7.2 What are the key emerging areas of support discussions that would become significant for UNDP over the § ADR analysis next 5 to 10 years? § Stakeholder 2.7.3 What lessons and good practice will help workshops UNDP determine and play its most effective role in Rwanda? 2.7.4 How should UNDP adjust its areas of work and strategies to be best positioned in Rwanda to fulfil its mission?

Notes: ADR indicates Assessment of Development Results; CCA, Common Country Assessment; CCF,Country Cooperation Framework; CO, Country Office; FYP,Fiscal-Year Plan; CSO, Civil Society Organization; DP,Development Partner; GoR, Government of Rwanda; MDGR, Millennium Development Goals Report; MYFF,Multi-Year Funding Framework; NHDR, National Human Development Report; NGO, Non-governmental Organization; ROAR, Results-Oriented Annual Report; RTM, Round Table Meeting; SRF,Strategic Results Framework; UNDAF,United Nations Development Assistance Framework.

76 ANNEX C. MATRIX OF EVALUATION QUESTIONS Annex D FACTORS INFLUENCING RWANDAN ATTAINMENT OF DEVELOPMENT OUTCOMES

1. Outcomes related to the MDGs and poverty reduction

Expected Outcome Factors Supporting Challenges Related to the Achievement to the Achievement

Ministry of Finance § Strong leadership and policy orientation § Little involvement of civil society. able to effectively of GoR/MINECOFIN. Important development partners monitor poverty § § Harmonized and aligned contribution by (World Bank, Belgium) do not contribute trends and formulate several development partners through through the basket fund. policies, strategies a basket fund. and plans to address § High volumes of external technical poverty in Rwanda. § Important financial volume of the assistance may decrease the sustainabil- contribution increases the potential of ity of the contribution. a significant impact. § Outcome relates to complicated § Increasing capacity of NISR. processes that may pose important challenges in administration and § PRSP has been evaluated and there is significant experience to formulate EDPRS. management of the contribution. Little effort in incorporation of cross- § APRM by NEPAD has made a substantial § contribution to policy formulation. cutting issues such as gender. § Clear linkage between MDGs and GoR policy.

NHDR prepared § Important background and preparatory § NHDR has not been published. addressing national work has been done. Potential NHDR contributions to national priority issues. § § NHDR preparatory process has involved a policy dialogue diminished due to delays number of national stakeholders. in publication.

Notes: APRM indicates African Peer Review Mechanism; CSO, Civil Society Organization; DP,development partner; EDPRS, Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy; GoR, Government of Rwanda; MINALOC, Ministry of Local Government; MINECOFIN, Ministry of Economics and Finance; NEC, National Electoral Council; NEPAD, New Partnership for Africa’s Development; NHDR, National Human Development Report; NISR, National Institute of Statistics Rwanda; PRSP,Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper.

ANNEX D. FACTORS INFLUENCING RWANDAN ATTAINMENT OF OUTCOMES 77 2. Outcomes related to democratic governance in Rwanda

Expected Outcome Factors Supporting Challenges Related to the Achievement to the Achievement

Legal and institutional § Support to the National Electoral § Electoral code has not yet been adopted frameworks that Commission has been vital in conducting by the GoR. enable free, fair, the elections in 2003 and 2006. NEC’s continuing dependence on donor transparent and § § Existence of and long-term relationship support may diminish the sustainability sustainable elections with the NEC. of the outcome. at all levels in place. § Comprehensive electoral mechanism is § Inadequate management of the basket in place. fund of 2003 elections decreased the perspective of development partner § Capacity to implement local level elections exists. collaboration. § Joint development partner contribution to the electoral process through a basket fund. § Involvement of several CSOs in the electoral process. § Special attention paid to female voters. Local governments § Long-term and wide-ranging support § Possible lack of relevance in the GoR able to assume their to MINALOC. decentralization policy and strategy responsibilities in Direct support to district and local may decrease the potential of the planning and service § governments and communities through UNDP support. delivery and targeted projects. Upstreaming of UNDP interventions may MINALOC able to § diminish the impact at local level. provide effective § Support to sub-national governments oversight and is allocated through their own develop- § Impact-oriented contribution to the guidance for the ment plans. decentralization process may be reduced decentralization to institutional support to MINALOC. process in Rwanda. § Key development partners in the sector don’t agree on certain strategic aspects. § Administrative and project management difficulties have brought about increases in transaction costs. § Little involvement of CSOs in UNDP’s support to the sector.

Rwanda’s public § Capacity building of the public § Public service reform is a highly political service reform administration is highly relevant to issue in which several key issues are programme effectively the GoR. beyond a donor’s influence. implemented for § UNDP has provided important material § Division of UNDP’s support to several greater public sector support and training to key institutions institutions may have reduced its efficiency and of public service. strategic focus. Parliament able to realize the represen- § Although not yet commenced, the support § Administrative difficulties have reduced tative and oversight to Ombudsman’s Office has the potential the effect of UNDP contributions. duties of elected to improve efficiency and transparency of members. the public service.

78 ANNEX D. FACTORS INFLUENCING RWANDAN ATTAINMENT OF OUTCOMES Annex E FACTORS INFLUENCING UNDP CONTRIBUTIONS TO AID COORDINATION

Expected Outcome Factors Supporting Challenges Related to the Achievement to the Achievement

Improved govern- § MINECOFIN/EFU will assume the key role in aid § Some of the UNDP’s practices ment capacity for coordination starting 2008. are not in line with ACHA leading the aid principles. § UNDP contributed to the preparation of the GoR coordination, Aid Policy. In most line ministries, the harmonization and § Harmonized collaboration between key develop- ACHA principles have not yet alignment process § been entirely operationalized. for improved ment partners through a basket fund. UNDP may have difficulties efficiency and § Existence and functioning of the DPCG and cluster § poverty impact round tables. in maintaining its expertise of aid. in ACHA issues as the respec- § CSOs participate in activities of the ACHA tive capacities of the GoR framework, thus improving their involvement in and other development policy dialogue. partners grow. Development Assistance Database and baseline § § Concentration of ACHA survey on aid effectiveness strengthen the GoR operations in MINECOFIN as capacity in aid coordination. well as the deep-rooted § Development partners Web site is an effective tool project approach may dilute in sharing and disseminating information. a wider operationalization of § Exchange and collaboration with OECD-DAC and alignment and harmonization. other countries. § M&E of the aid coordination is § High significance of the UNDP contribution to aid not yet completely functional. coordination is generally acknowledged.

Note: ACHA indicates Aid Coordination, Harmonization and Alignment; CSO, Civil Society Organization; DP,Development Partner; DPCG, Development Partners Coordination Group; EFU, External Finance Unit; GoR, Government of Rwanda; M&E, Monitoring and Evaluation; MINECOFIN, Ministry of Economics and Finance; OECD-DAC, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development-Development Assistance Committee.

ANNEX E. FACTORS INFLUENCING UNDP CONTRIBUTIONS TO AID COORDINATION 79

Annex F UNDP’S EMERGING SUPPORT FOR NATIONAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

Since last year, the CO has decided to move from allocated, activities, actors, implementation this restricted vision of CD and the fragmented arrangements, monitoring/evaluation mechanism, ‘stop and go’ nature of interventions and start duration, etc. UNDP is assisting Human Resources developing a long term strategy: and Institutional Development Agency to carry out the mapping. In September 2006, the CO, in close collaboration with the Ministry of Economic Planning, the INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ASSESSMENT Ministry of Public Service and Labour and the This initiative is being carried out by UNDP as Human Resources and Institutional Development well and it should focus on institutional capacity Agency, UNDP organized a National Workshop gaps like systems, procedures, manuals, legal on capacity building. The main objective of the policy frameworks, partnership, etc. It has been workshop was to provide a forum for capacity decided that an important element of the Needs building stakeholders in all the key sectors of the Assessment will be a capacity gap assessment and economy to have a common view on ‘capacity’, a subsequent elaboration of a capacity support and appreciate its importance, and work closely to ensure building strategy, which will run in parallel to the that it’s a major ingredient in the components of Economic Development for Poverty Reduction the EDPRS. Strategy (EDPRS), now being designed.

SKILLS AUDIT Using the above analyses, UNDP and the World This study is being undertaken by the Ministry Bank will assist the Rwandan Government to in Charge of Public Service (MIFOTRA) and develop a National Integrated Skills Development the World Bank. It will concentrate on individual Policy and a Global CD National Strategy, that skills (professionals per sector) gaps like the lays strategic measures of filling the gaps and number of physicians available, those who are continuously addressing, in a sustainable manner, needed for the next EDPRS, etc. The objective of means and methods of strategic development of this assignment is to identify gaps in critical skills individual and institutional capacity aimed at required to deliver on priority programmes under promoting economic, and employment growth the PRSP Capacity Development. and social development that are commensurate with the Government of Rwanda Development INITIATIVES MAPPING Goals. The strategies will then guide all develop- It is meant to be a mapping exercise of the current ment programmes. capacity development interventions in the country: Notes: CO indicates Country Office; CD, Capacity Development; projects and current initiatives in the area of capacity EDPRS, Economic Development for Poverty Reduction Strategy; MIFOTRA, Ministry in Charge of Public Service; PRSP,Poverty development, source of funding, amount/budget Reduction Strategy Paper.

63 UNDP Rwanda, ‘Note on CD Strategy in Rwanda’, Governance Unit, Kigali, Rwanda, January 2007.

ANNEX F. UNDP’S EMERGING SUPPORT FOR NATIONAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 81

Annex G UNDP RWANDA EVALUATION COVERAGE, 2000–2006

In the Governance Unit, only three projects In the Justice, HIV/AIDS and Gender Unit, have been evaluated in the period 2000–2006: one project has been evaluated to date: n Mid-term Review of the Support to n Capacity Development for Strengthening Capacity Building and Civil Service of National Response to HIV/AIDS in Reform in Rwanda, August 2003 Rwanda (Mid-term Review) n Mid-term Report of Good Governance Full evaluation of HIV project support to and Poverty Reduction, no date National Council for the Struggle Against AIDS n Evaluation and Impact Assessment of the will be done in 2007. National Unity and Reconciliation Commission (NURC), December 2005 The Sustainable Livelihoods Unit has undertaken the following:

The Governance Unit plans five project evalua- n Mid-term review of the Resettlement and tions to take place in 2007 and one in 2008. Reintegration Projects in Gisenyi and Kibuye Provinces Among the projects managed by the Strategic Planning and Economic Management Unit, n Final evaluation of Food Security Initiative three evaluations are foreseen in 2007. So far only through Small-scale Dairy Development in one has been evaluated: Rwanda n Support to Formulation of National The Aid Coordination Unit is expected to be Poverty Strategy the object of an external evaluation in 2007.

ANNEX G. UNDP RWANDA EVALUATION COVERAGE, 2000–2006 83