FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Tale of Contents 2.4. Data Processing...... 8 CHAPTER III: EXISTING SITUATION OF THE STUDY AREA ...... 9
3.1. Demographic trends of the study area ...... 9 LIST OF TABLES ...... iv 3.1.1 Population number and growth ...... 9 LIST OF FIGURES ...... v 3.1.2 Population Projection ...... 9 LIST OF MAPS ...... vi 3.1.3 Population structure ...... 9 LIST OF APPENDICES ...... vi 3.1.4 Migration of population ...... 11 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...... vii 3.2 Relief and topography ...... 11 EXCECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1 3.3 Climate and climate change ...... 13 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ...... 1 3.3.1 Climate ...... 13 1.0 Study Background...... 1 3.3.2 Climate change ...... 13 1.1 Study area overview ...... 1 3.4 Natural resources and Environment ...... 13 1.2 Study Objectives ...... 1 3.4.1 Geology ...... 13 1.3 Location and delineation of study area ...... 2 3.4.2 Mines and Quarries...... 15 1.4 Deliverables ...... 5 3.4.3 Soil...... 15 1.4.1Inception and diagnostic report: ...... 5 3.4.4 Fauna and flora...... 15 1.4.2 Draft final report: ...... 5 3.4.5 Hydrology, Wetland and Watershed ...... 16 1.4.3 Final report ...... 5 3.4.6 Natural Environment ...... 16 CHAPTER II: METHODOLOGY ...... 6 3.4.7 Land...... 18 2.1. Consultative and Participatory Approach ...... 6 3.5.Socio-economic situation ...... 21 2.2. Primary data collection...... 6 3.5.1 General economic situation ...... 21 2.2.1. Field exploration ...... 6 3.5.2 Economic activities ...... 22 2.2.2. Questionnaire and Interview ...... 6 3.5.2 Primary sector ...... 23 2.2.3. Sample size design and determination...... 7 3.5.3 Secondary sector ...... 23 2.2.5. Geographical Data ...... 7 3.5.4 Tertiary sector ...... 24 2.3. Secondary Data collection ...... 8 3.6 Existing basic infrastructures ...... 25 2.3.1. Documentation...... 8 3.6.1Transportation network and Facilities...... 25 2.3.2. Spatial Data...... 8
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
3.6.2 Education and health services ...... 26 4.3.2 One Stop Border post (OSBP) ...... 42
3.6.3 Water and sanitation ...... 28 4.3.3 What OSBPs mean to Rwandans?...... 42
3.6.4 Storm water collection and Drainage ...... 30 4.3.4 Gatuna one border post study ...... 42
3.6.5 Electricity network ...... 30 CHAPTER V. CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN ...... 44
3.6.6 ICT and Telecommunication ...... 30 5.1 Gatuna border town vision and function...... 44
3.7 Housing and human settlements structure ...... 33 5.1.1 Vision ...... 44
3.7.1 Housing typology ...... 33 5.1.2 Function...... 44
3.7.2 Housing conditions and quality: ...... 33 5.2 Land use proposal/Zoning plan...... 44
3.7.3 Informal settlement ...... 34 5.2.1 Land use Zoning plan concept ...... 45
3.8. Challenges of urbanization in the Study area ...... 35 5.3 Detailed Land use plan for immediate implementation ...... 48
3.8.1 Overstretching of key resources particularly water and electricity ...... 35 5.3.1 Suitability analysis and land use activities allocation ...... 48
3.8.2 Unplanned urban settlements/ scattered rural settlements ...... 35 5.3.2 Plot needs in Gatuna border town ...... 52
3.8.3 Health and environmental pressure due to infringement on fragile areas ...... 35 5.3.3 Plot Subdivision ...... 52
3.8.4. The topography of study area ...... 35 5.3 Layouts development for immediate implementation for subzones ...... 52
3.8.5. The size of national road and existing built-up town ...... 35 5.5 Housing development planning ...... 60
3.9. SWOT analysis ...... 36 5.5.1 Categories of housing models within different residential densities ...... 60
CHAPTER IV: URBAN POLICY FRAMEWORK AND EXISTING STUDIES ON GATUNA 5.5.2 Housing model for residential zones ...... 60
BORDER TOWN ...... 38 5.5.3 Single family housing model ...... 60
4.1 Introduction ...... 38 5.5.4 Double family housing model ...... 62
4.2 Policy framework for urban development plan ...... 38 5.5.5 Development of multi-family residential houses ...... 63
4.2.1 Vision 2020...... 38 5.5.6 Housing model for Commercial zones ...... 64
4.2.2 Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS II) ...... 38 5.6 Beautification and Greening Planning for Gatuna border town Development ...... 66
4.2.3 Gicumbi District Development Plan 2013-2018 ...... 38 5.6.1 Beautification and Greening ...... 66
4.2.4 Sectorial Strategies for the Ministry of Infrastructure ...... 39 5.6.2 Urban forestry in the study area ...... 66
4.2.5 Millennium Development Goals for Africa ...... 39 5.6.3 Urban agriculture ...... 67
4.3 Existing studies on the study area ...... 39 5.6.4 Roadway and parkway beautification ...... 68
4.3.1 Cross Border Market Study ...... 40 CHAPTER VI: GATUNA BORDER TOWN ZONING REGULATION ...... 70
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
6.1 General considerations and definitions ...... 70 7.1.3 Economic activities ...... 103
6.1.1 Residential zone ...... 70 7.1.4 Transportation ...... 104
6.1.2 Commercial zone ...... 70 7.1.5 Social services and community facilities ...... 105
6.1.3 Special Economic Zones ...... 70 7.2 Implementation schedules...... 107
6.1.4 Public administrative, institutional and service uses ...... 71 7.2.1 Physical environment and natural resource development ...... 107
6.1.5. Open spaces, Green spaces and Public parks zone ...... 71 7.2.2 Human settlement ...... 107
6.1 Zoning regulations for specific land use ...... 71 7.2.3 Economic activities ...... 107
6.2.1 Residential Use ...... 71 7.2.4 Public Infrastructures and community facilities ...... 107
6.2.2 Commercial land use ...... 77 7.3 Priority projects for immediate implementation ...... 108
6.2.3 Special Economic Zone (SEZ) ...... 84 CHAPTER VIII: PRIORITY PROJECTS MODELS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF GATUNA BORDER
6.2.4 Public administrative, institutional and services uses ...... 88 TOWN ...... 110
6.3 Standards for Gatuna border town Upgrading ...... 91 8.1. Beans processing model project for Gatuna town ...... 110
6.4 Minimum access to infrastructure and facilities ...... 91 8.1.1. Project Title ...... 110
6.5 Minimum infrastructure standards ...... 91 8.1.2. Industry / Domain ...... 110
6.6 Requirements for new Land Subdivision and Re-plotting ...... 92 8.1.3. Location ...... 110
6.7 Standard residential plot area ...... 92 8.1.4. Estimated budget ...... 110
6.8 Efficient urban land development for purposes different from residential use ...... 92 8.1.5. Duration: ...... 110
6.9 Land requirements for roads ...... 92 8.1.6. Problem statement ...... 110
6.10 Inner-urban and settlement roads ...... 92 8.1.7. Justification ...... 110
6.11 Sidewalks and footpaths ...... 92 8.1.8. Specific goals ...... 111
6.12 Public services ...... 93 8.1.9. Activities ...... 111
7.13 Recreational zone ...... 95 8.1.10. Expected results ...... 111
6.14 Protected area ...... 97 8.1.11. Implementation arrangements ...... 111
CHAPTER VII: ACTION PLANS & IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES ...... 100 8.1.12. Impact on the economic and social development ...... 111
7.1 Action plans...... 100 8.1.13. Resources available locally / community contribution ...... 111
7.1.1 Physical and environmental characteristics ...... 100 8.1.14. Beans processing plant ...... 112
7.1.2 Human settlement ...... 101 8.2 Pig breeding and pork meat transformation model project for Gatuna town ...... 113
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
8.2.1. Project Title ...... 113 LIST OF TABLES 8.2.2. Industry / Domain ...... 113
8.2.3. Location ...... 113 Table 1: Administrative entities of study area ...... 2 8.2.4. Estimated budget ...... 113 Table 2: Study area population number ...... 7 8.2.5. Duration ...... 113 Table 3: Sample size calculation software interface ...... 7 8.2.6. Analysis of the problem ...... 113 Table 4 :Questionnaires Distribution in study area ...... 7 Table 5: Population number of study area ...... 9 8.2.7. Justification ...... 114 Table 6.Population projection ...... 9 8.2.8. Specific objectives ...... 114 Table 7. Area coverage of existing Land use ...... 21 8.2.9. Activities ...... 114 Table 8: Detailed analysis of SWOT ...... 36 8.2.10. Expected results ...... 114 Table 9: Pillars and Cross-cutting areas of vision 2020 ...... 38
8.2.11. Implementation arrangements ...... 114 Table 10: Platforms which reflect to the vision of Gatuna border town ...... 45 Table 11: Distribution of current and proposed detailed land uses in the area ...... 48 8.2.12. Impacts on the economic and social development ...... 114 Table 12: Land use activities allocation ...... 50 8.2.13. Pork meat processing plant ...... 115 Table 13: Number of plots of residential and commercial zone ...... 52 8.2.13. Local resources available / the contribution ...... 117 Table 14: Numbers of plots in Gatuna layout plans sub-zones ...... 53
8.2.14. External resources needed ...... 117 Table 15: Urban core residential zone ...... 71 Table 16: Urban sub-center residential ...... 73 8.2.15. Project budget ...... 117 Table 17: Off-core residential zone ...... 75 8.3 Conclusion ...... 117 Table 18: Central and nodal business district ...... 77 CHAPTER IX: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ...... 118 Table 19: Off-core commercial zone ...... 81
9.1 Conclusion ...... 118 Table 20: Processing Industrial zone ...... 84 Table 21: Public administrative, institutional and services zones ...... 88 9.2 Recommendations ...... 118 Table 22: Minimum servicing requirements with facilities for upgraded neighborhoods ...... 91 REFERECES ...... 119 Table 23: Recommended widths of sidewalks ...... 92 Table 24 : Public services area ...... 93 Table 25: Recreational zone ...... 95
Table 26 : Protected area ...... 97
Table 27: Action plan: Physical environment ...... 100
Table 28: Action plan: Human settlements ...... 101 Table 29: Action plan: Economic Activities ...... 103
Table 30: Action plan: Transportation ...... 104
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Table 31: Action plan: Social services and community facilities ...... 105 Figure 17.Household water sources in Gatuna urban center ...... 29 Table 32: Implementation schedule: Physical environment and natural resource development ...... 107 Figure 18. Time used by household to reach public water point by foot ...... 29 Table 33: Implementation schedule: Human settlement ...... 107 Figure 19. Monthly expenses on electricity for business owners in Gatuna border town ...... 30 Table 34: Implementation schedule: Economic activities ...... 107 Figure 20. Sources of information by percentage of households in Gatuna border town ...... 30 Table 35: Implementation schedule: Public infrastructures and community facilities ...... 107 Figure 21: Cross border market Design...... 40 Table 36: Projects costs and phasing ...... 108 Figure 22: Cross border market site location on Orthophoto ...... 40 Table 37: Project budget and resource ...... 113 Figure 23:nteractive process for setting vision of Gatuna town ...... 44 Table 38: Raw materials for pork meat processing ...... 116 Figure 24: Single standing house type 1...... 60 Table 39: The utilities required for the plant ...... 116 Figure 25: Single standing house type2...... 61 Table 40: Pork meat processing machinery tools ...... 116 Figure 26: Medium rise housing model...... 62 Table 41: Project budget ...... 117 Figure 27: Semidetached house model type1 ...... 63 Figure 28: Semi detached house model type 2 ...... 63 Figure 29:House model for multifamily appartment ...... 64
Figure 30: house mode for high scale commercial activities ...... 64 Figure 31: House model for low scale commercial activities ...... 65 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 32: Road greening example...... 68 Figure 33: Public green park example ...... 68 Figure 1. Pyramid of age in Gicumbi District...... 10 Figure 34: Proposed children Green Park in Gatuna ...... 69 Figure 2.Structure of the population in Gatuna border town ...... 10 Figure 35: Proposed Adult green parks with Facilities inside ...... 69 Figure 3.Gender shares in the population living in Gatuna border town...... 10 Figure 4: Gatuna border town native and not native situation...... 11
Figure 5. Means of Solid waste disposal in Gatuna Border town...... 17 Figure 6. Monthly household income ...... 21 Figure 7. Household monthly food expenditure in Gatuna town center...... 22
Figure 8. Gatuna border town business owners by native areas ...... 22 Figure 9. The usual main jobs in Gicumbi district...... 22 Figure 10.Monthly transport cost per household...... 26
Figure 11.Time used by households to get to the tax park in Gatuna border town ...... 26 Figure 12. The proportion of the inhabitants of Gatuna border town by level of education ...... 27 Figure 13.Level of education for business owners in Gatuna border town...... 27
Figure 14. Time spent by household to reach primary school by foot...... 27 Figure 15.Quarterly household expenses on education...... 28
Figure 16. Time used by household to reach health center...... 28
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
LIST OF MAPS LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Distribution (Count and %) of the Resident Population of District Of Gicumbi By Sector And By 5 Years Age Group ...... a Map 1. Location of Study area in National Context ...... 1 Appendix 2: Number of Population of Gicumbi District 2015 ...... o Map 2.Location of study area in Province context ...... 2 Appendix 3: Questionnaires ...... p Map 3.Location of study area in sectors and cells context ...... 3 Appendix 4: Details for one stop border post facilities ...... a Map 4.Delineation of the study area ...... 4
Map 5: Elevation model of Gatuna border town ...... 12 Map 6: Slope analysis of Gatuna border town ...... 12 Map 7.Geology of Gatuna border town study area ...... 14 Map 8 : Mining Concessions in Gicumbi Distric ...... 15 Map 9. Soil in Gicumbi District and Gatuna border town ...... 15 Map 10.Hydrology of Gicumbi District...... 16 Map 11: Existing Land use Map ...... 20 Map 12: Existing infrastructures and services in Gatuna border town ...... 32 Map 13: Location of Cross border Market in Study area ...... 41 Map 14: Zoning plan of study area ...... 47 Map 15: Detailed Land use plan of Study area ...... 49 Map 16: Layout plan of Gatuna and Kagugo1 sub-zone ...... 54 Map 17: Layout plan of Gisunzu and Ruhita sub-zone ...... 55 Map 18: Layout plan of Kabeza and Mushunga sub-zone ...... 56 Map 19: Layout plan of Kagera sub-zone...... 57 Map 20: Layout plan of Rukizi part1 sub-zone ...... 58 Map 21: Layout plan of Rukizi part2_Kabare_Gashija_Kabaya_Nyakesha and Kagugo2 ...... 59
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CBT: Cross border trade
EICV: Enquete Integrale sur les Conditions de Vie
EWSA: Energy, Water and Sanitation Agency
EDPRS: Economic Development for Poverty Reduction Strategies
GIS: Geographic Information System
GPS: Global positioning System
LUDP: Local Urban Development Plan
LED: Local Economic Development
MDGs: Millennium Development Goals
MINALOC: Ministry of Local Government
MINECOFIN: Ministry of Economy and Finance
MS: Microsoft
MINIRENA: Ministry of Natural Resources
NISR: National Institutes of Statistic of Rwanda
NLC: National Land Center
REC: Rwanda Energy Coorporation
REMA: Rwanda Environment Agency
RNRA: Rwanda National Resources Authority
RTDA:Rwanda Transportation Development Agency
SWOT: Strength,Weakness,Opportinuty and Treaths
WHO: World Health Organization
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
which the formulation of planning of future town will be based on. Consultative meetings have been EXCECUTIVE SUMMARY held in order to generate ideas from different stakeholders on the future vision of Gatuna border town.
The site area is lying on steepest slope of Mukono Mountain of 2230 m of altitude at an estimated slope Gatuna border town is one of the important borders of Rwanda because it connects various East African ranging between 5%-60%, with a total population of the study area estimated at 3647. cities to Rwanda. After 1994 this town has been developing spatially and economically and it became a important settlement town which needs to be developed in planned manner. Therefore this town is one The land use analysis in the priority site indicates that the population engages mainly in agricultural among other towns along with secondary cities selected to spur a sustainable urban growth and to reach activities and business. However, other socio-economic activities are present but are of minor the ambitious targets of Government of Rwanda for urban development with the vision to support the importance. This is due mostly to inappropriate or lack of urban planning instruments, insufficiency in City of Kigali and Districts to use cities and towns as engines of economic development and growth basic infrastructures and utilities such as energy, water and sanitation, inadequate transportation through the provision of tools for urban planning (master plans, local development plans, etc.). infrastructure, etc, which would strongly influence the creation of non-agricultural economic activities. Urbanization challenges envisaged in Gatuna urban center include; lack of inappropriate spatial urban Through vision 2020, urbanization rate is set to increase considerably from the current 17% in 2012 to planning tools that can guide the settlement and development of the area without forgetting the resources 35% in 2020 and 65% in rural areas (MINECOFIN 2012). To achieve this, Rwanda has committed itself and the skills in urban matters. to reaching very ambitious targets in urban development with the vision to transform the economic geography of Rwanda by managing urbanization and promoting secondary cities and other town and To overcome these urbanization challenges the local development plan of Gatuna border town is the cities as poles of economic growth of the country. solution regarding the spatial urban planning tool that will guide the settlement and other development of this area. This local development plan also considered the existing studies on the site such as cross The provision of urban planning tools such as master plans, local urban development plans, etc. and their border market and one border post, and policy frameworks for urban development plan were used in implementation strategies is one of the strategies to be put in place to pave a way of reaching the fixed order to plan in line with the vision of Rwanda toward sustainable development. Some of these policies targets in the urbanization and rural settlement sector. and development goals include vision 2020, Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS), Gicumbi District Development Plan 2013-2018, Sectorial Strategies for the Ministry of Due to this, Gatuna border town as one of the town experiencing rapid urban growth has been selected Infrastructure and Millennium Development Goals for Africa. by Rwanda Housing Authority and Gicumbi district for a study of this nature. The study area covers a surface area of 624Ha selected in Cyumba and Kaniga sectors of Gicumbi district just at the border of Based on national and regional development objectives the development of Gatuna border town was Rwanda and Uganda. It includes the villages of Gatuna, Rukizi, and Kagera of Rwankonjo cell in conceptualized through the vision and function as follow: Cyumba sector and integrates a small part of Kaniga sector in villages of Kabeza and Mushunga of Vision: is set to be “a well spatially organized town with economic development equity, socially Nyarwambu cell and Gisunzu of Mulindi cell. integrated people, sport and cultural development, transportation and touristic and accommodating town,
Integrated approaches of data collection and methodologies were adopted to provide information that with a best responding good governance”. Function: is business oriented town with a task of will be synthesized further to elaborate various plan proposals based but not limited on the proposed accommodating transit tourists. vision for Gatuna center by its key stakeholders. Primary data were collected through a detailed Through this vision and function detailed land use or zoning plan has been produced, for immediate qualitative interviews, broad physical checking and observations to describe various ground truth aspects implementation, basing on land use suitability analysis from general zoning map. Housing categories namely the topography, socioeconomic activities, infrastructure and related activities. A documentary and zoning regulations for specific developing zones are clearly stated in this report. review was used to gather secondary data which were used to draw more suggestive information on
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
For better implementation of Gatuna border town the action plans for Physical environment, Human settlement, Economic Activities, Transportation, and Social services and community facilities clarify main challenges, objectyives, strategies, programs, actors, inputs and expected outputs of this local development plan as well as its implementation schedules.
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Gatuna Border Town and elaborate its detailed studies for its implementation on a surface area not exceeding 500Ha. CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Study area overview
1.0 Study Background. Gatuna border town is located in Northern Province, in Gicumbi District; at the border with the republic of Uganda. It is located at about 80 km from Kigali city. It is the major border in Rwanda as it every day Urbanization in Rwanda for the past 10 years has been increasing at a high rate and Rwanda vision 2020 opens 24 hours. It handles most of Rwanda‟s imports and exports which makes the border a good envisages accommodating 35% of her population in cities and 65% in rural areas housed in grouped barometer of economic integration due to increased commercial and touristic activities. settlements according to revised vision 2020 (MINECOFIN 2012). In view of this, the EDPRS II set Photo 1: Gatuna border town main center ambitious targets in urban development with the vision to transform the economic geography of Rwanda by managing urbanization and promoting secondary cities as poles of development and developing all other towns and centers of other Districts of the country as indicated in EDPRS2.
In order to meet this need for harmonious development and meet the anticipated expansion and growth of Rwandan cities and towns, the Ministry of Infrastructure, through Rwanda Housing Authority, which is responsible for urban planning and development has embarked on policies for elaborating studies of Master plans, Local Urban Development Plans ( LUDP), and other urban tools to ensure a future orderly growth and development of Rwandan cities and achieve a sustainable economic development of the country. It‟s in this framework that Gicumbi district in partnership with Rwanda Housing Authority have embarked on elaborating a Local Urban Development Plan for Gatuna Border Town to combat undue developments and prevent creation of informal settlement that is likely to engulf the town due to its proximity to Uganda and the famous Mulindi town. Just like other towns in Rwanda, the town of
Gatuna border is faced with a myriad of challenges associated with pressure on land mostly due to the difficult terrain, increasing urbanization, the rise of informal settlements and environmental degradation. Source: Rwanda Construct, field survey, February 2015 The specific challenges in relation to the above include: 1.2 Study Objectives Increasing need for proper housing; Lack of proper infrastructure specifically roads, electricity and waste water management The main objective of this study is to produce a development Plan to guide Land use and development Poor inter and intra connectivity and to prevent informal settlement in this area following a shared and concerted effort in order to reach a The fast and uncontrolled spread of nodal urban areas; sustainable social economic development and create investment opportunities in the short, middle and
long term with 2035 horizon. Therefore in an endeavor to surmount these challenges, RWANDA CONSTRUCT Company has been contracted to carry out study whose main objective is to put in place a Local Urban Development Plan of Specific objectives of this study:
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Create solid baseline data via a site survey
Create a plan which: Table 1: Administrative entities of study area
- organizes spatial composition of urban fabric; Study area Study area Sector Cell Village covered area - upgrades and prevents informal settlements; (in Ha) - protects and promotes ecological protection zones; Gatuna 115 Cyumba Rwankonjo - organizes the infrastructure network; Rukizi 172 Kagera 94 - creates business opportunities by providing a flexible and rich mixed use of urban Gatuna Mulindi Gisunzu 91 environment. border town Kaniga Kabeza 96 Put in Place a consultative process which accompanies the planning phases related to Gatuna Nyarwambu Mushunga 56 town development plan and gives District officials, business leaders and local population the
needed management tools in order to deal with Gatuna town growth. Total 624
Prepare a detailed roads and other public utilities implementation plan. Source: Rwanda Construct, Field survey, February2015
1.3 Location and delineation of study area
The current Local Urban Development Plan focuses on Gatuna Border Town and the study area is located in Cyumba sector, in Rwankonjo cell, villages of Gatuna, Rukizi and Kagera. It covers also a small part of Kaniga sector, especially in Nyarwambu and Mushunga cell, Kabeza Village and Mulindi cell in Gisunzu Village.
The delineation of study area for the urban development study of Gatuna border town was defined with consent of local authorities, District technicians in charge of land and settlement as well as RHA technicians. It covers approximately 624 ha.
The area was selected due to its rapid urban development and population growth rate due to anticipated socio-economic development projects that are going to be implemented in the area especially the Cross Border Market by MINICOM, One Border Post by RTDA and the vibrant informal market between
Uganda and Rwanda due to their proximity. Due to these projects, people expect to get off-farm jobs and earn income.
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Map 1. Location of Study area in National Context
Source: NISR 2012,Adapted by Author,March2015
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Map 2.Location of study area in Province context
Source: NISR 2012, Adapted by Rwanda Construct, March 2015
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Map 3.Location of study area in sectors and cells context
Source: NISR 2012, Adapted by Rwanda Construct, March 2015
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Map 4.Delineation of the study area
Surface area 624 Ha
Source: RNRA_orthophoto (2008/2009), adapted by Rwanda Construct, March 2015
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Infrastructure Planning – this includes detailed development of the schematic proposals for transport and infrastructure. The detailed physical plan/master plan must as well have a well 1.4 Deliverables elaborated component of infrastructure and transport planning at the urban/town level to ensure the required broader vision of the overall urban mobility framework prior to undertaking the District The preparation and design of the detailed physical plan of Gatuna border town will include the Transportation Planning and development. This will facilitate the linkage between land use and following tasks and the following will be delivered to the district: transport in order to promote sustainable urbanization and a low carbon economy as advocated by 1.4.1Inception and diagnostic report: the Government of Rwanda - Existing situation analysis: Zoning and Development Control – this includes development and proposal of zoning and a) Physical description of the study area (relief, climate, soil, forest and environment, mine and development control regulations which will be the medium for implementing the planning proposals. quarries, watersheds, land pressure, etc.); b) Social economic analysis (demographic data, population density and projection, existing Implementation Plan – this includes proposal of the development phasing plan, capital economic activities (informal and formal: Agricultures, Industries and handcraft, tourism and improvement plans for infrastructure and public sphere land acquisition, and implementation hotel industries, financial institutions, etc. to mean the primary, secondary and tertiary sector of strategies for the start-up/priority areas of the town master plan.
economy); Public Participation Meeting – this includes public exhibition, presenting the structure plan and c) Existing basic infrastructure and transportation network (education and health services, sanitation urban design concept options and project proposals to the stakeholders for feedback. facilities, drainage system, storm water collection and use, electricity, road network, etc.); Capacity Building - proposed methodology must achieve maximum integration of designated town d) Settlement structure: rural grouped and scatted settlement, urban (existing zoning, informal planning and infrastructure staff into the project either part or full time. settlement and housing typology), and challenges of urbanization. e) Real Estate Market Analysis: commercial/retail, Cultural Heritage Survey, Maximum utilization Most importantly development plans for Gatuna border Town must have a direct linkage to the already of Planning/Infrastructure and Opportunities and Constraints Analysis exiting National Land Use, ongoing District Land Use Development Master Plans, District Development f) Concluding remarks and recommendations based on the study findings of the above mentioned Plans, existing Sub-Area Plans/Layout Plans, existing or ongoing feasibility studies and plans for items. This will include the study area in Cyumba and Kaniga potentiality, according to the Provincial/District Industrial Parks, policy documents at national, sectoral and local levels and other existing situation. existing documentations deemed relevant. 1.4.3 Final report 1.4.2 Draft final report: Vision and Concept Development: Noting the fact that the town of Gatuna is an important town, The final report should encompass the content of the first two reports emanating from comments given the process of formulating the visions for this district as well as evolving the goals, objective, during the validation meetings and will be validated and approved by both the district officials and the strategies and recommendations which will help achieve their visions is a task to consider. Rwanda Housing Authority.
Structure and Concept Options – this includes development of the structure plan as well as at least two planning concept options as a tool for discussion and review by client.
Urban Design Development – this include development of the selected planning concept options into a detailed local urban development plan, which would form the base for infrastructure planning, marketing and implementation.
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Observations and field survey were made to view different existing physical structures and socio CHAPTER II: METHODOLOGY economic activities on Gatuna town study area and important photos were taken using Camera (SonyLens 14.1 MP). The objective of this report is to assess the existing situation and to provide proposal conceptual plan of The following observations and exploration were made during the field work: urban development of Gatuna border town. The following methodologies and techniques were used: The boundaries of the proposed study area 2.1. Consultative and Participatory Approach The condition of existing transportation network in study area. The situation of existing energy and water facilities distribution. The effective planning of Gatuna border town needs participatory and consultative sessions between Land use according to the current activities performed on the land of the Study area consultant, authority, beneficiaries, partners and stakeholders of the project. It is in this way the team of Different public, private and administrative services provided in study area RWANDA CONSTRUCT has always been meeting with local beneficiaries, leaders and stakeholders to generate ideas that better suits their needs and be integrated into the study to ensure ownership and better Habitat distribution and structures of Grouped and Scattered settlements plan implementation. Different landmarks, infrastructures, facilities, housing typology Etc. Photo 1.Interview with local village leaders 2.2.2. Questionnaire and Interview
The household and business based questionnaire and interviews were used to acquire tangible data on current situation of the study area.
Purposive or random sampling techniques were used to select respondents. The field enumerators targeted household within the study area notwithstanding their duration of stay, economic status or gender. The areas that were considered for this study were selected on the following criteria: Traffic – low-, medium- and, heavy-traffic arterials with mixed users (both motorized and non- motorized); Land uses – residential, commercial and agricultural; and Population density – high, medium and low.
Source: Rwanda construct, Field survey, February 2015 The above sampling approached sought to maximize diversity and variability resulting in the selection of the tools used for data collection and analysis. 2.2. Primary data collection The questionnaire (see Appendix 3) was distributed to a total number of 90 local residents using purposive sampling Technique1. This sampling technique was chosen based on the facts that some 2.2.1. Field exploration members of the population are thought to be better (more knowledgeable, more willing) than others to Priority areas have been identified by District technician and local leaders and perimeters have been determined with accuracy by the consultant using GPS –GARMIN (GPSMap 62s) and Orthophoto map. 1 Purposive Sampling technique: the researcher or some other "expert" uses his/her judgment in selecting the units from the population for the study, based on the population’s parameters
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015 provide relevant answers (David 2010) thus preventing some erroneous results that would have been Table 3: Sample size calculation software interface provided by the study area population due to different reasons such as: Determine Sample Size Lack of information about urban development matters; Negative mindset of the local population who perceive wrongly the purpose of the questionnaire. Confidence Level: 95% 99% (e.g.: those who think the purpose of the research is land taxation or expropriation);
Some local populations are extremely busy and may well be reluctant to take time to answer the Confidence Interval: 10 questionnaire Population: 793 2.2.3. Sample size design and determination
As the research is concerned with the households living conditions, the determination of the sample size was based on the households present in five selected villages of study area, as indicated in the table Sample size needed: 86 below. Source : http://www.surveysystem.com/sscalc.htm#one
Table 2: Study area population number 2.2.4 Distribution of questionnaire in study area
Sector Cell Village household Population number As the population are distributed differently in the study are, we opt to distribute the living condition questionnaires in proportionate manner by villages according to the total number of village. And the Cyumba Rwankonjo Gatuna 163 980 business questionnaires were distributed in Gatuna and Kabura commercial centers. Rukizi 222 987 Table 4 :Questionnaires Distribution in study area Kagera 121 562 Sector Cell Village household Questionnaire Kaniga Nyarwambu Mushunga 97 391 Cyumba Rwankonjo Gatuna 163 14 Kabeza 96 382 Rukizi 222 20 Mulindi Gisunzu 94 345 Kagera 121 11 Total 793 3647 Source: Rwanda construct, field survey, March 2015 Kaniga Nyarwambu Mushunga 97 9
2 96 By setting the results accuracy to the confidence level of 95% and confidence interval of 10, the sample Kabeza 8 size calculation software 3indicates that the representative number of the population (793 households) is Mulindi Gisunzu 94 8
86. Specifically we contacted 90 informants taken as head of households. Among 90 questionnaires 70 Total 793 70 are for household living condition and 20 are designed for business .All respondents were 18 years old Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015 and above. 2.2.5. Geographical Data 2 Confidence Level: tells you how sure you can be. It is expressed as a percentage and represents how often the true percentage of the population who would pick an answer lies within the confidence interval (95%-99%); the most used is During the field survey by the consultant with full support of the local authorities and residents, 95%. 3 Sample Size Calculator: is presented as a public service of Creative Research Systems survey software. You can use it to geographical waypoints of the outer boundary of Study areas were taken using the GPS (Garmin determine how many people you need to interview in order to get results that reflect the target population as precisely as needed 7
FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
GPSmap 62). In addition, geographical coordinates of other different features such as community 2.3.2. Spatial Data facilities and infrastructures (e.g.: water infrastructures, electrical lines, buildings, churches, markets, The spatial dataset to be used in the present study includes GIS datasets of the proposed urban centers, etc.) were captured. contour lines, orthophoto and other urban development-related spatial data from the National Institute of Existing roads network was surveyed; and topographical survey with GPS and the use of Digital Terrain Statistics of Rwanda (NISR), Rwanda Natural Resources Authority (RNRA) and MINALOC. Model (DTM) helped to generate contour lines of 1 meter difference in altitude for the development of sectional profiles of the new roads to be provided in the study area. 2.4. Data Processing
A number of computer software namely MS Excel to generate statistical and graphical information was used to proceed the collected data. ArcGIS-Arc Map 9.3 and ArcGIS-Arc Map 10 software was used to 2.3. Secondary Data collection analyze and display the locations of infrastructure/facilities and show the delineation of the study area‟s boundary on maps and for the production of layout plan of the study area. 2.3.1. Documentation
As the advantage of the literature review is to explore and understand more fully the source in order to obtain additional information on the aspect of the subject, relevant documentation data were collected from various published materials such as:
Rwanda Vision 2020
EDPRS II 2013-2018
EICV3 Gicumbi
GICUMBI district potentialities assessment report
National Human Settlement Policy in Rwanda
National Land Use and Development Master plan Urban planning and Building Law Condominium Law Rwanda Road Act The National Urban Housing Policy in Rwanda, Gicumbi District Statistics DDP Gicumbi Data from study area cells and sectors Etc.
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
CHAPTER III: EXISTING SITUATION OF Pt = population t years later b = annual amount of population change where b=Po*i
THE STUDY AREA where i is the annual growth rate
The following table 10 shows the increase in population number by projection: 3.1. Demographic trends of the study area Table 6.Population projection 3.1.1 Population number and growth AREA Population Average Annual Projection
number annual increase Considering the results of the recent census of 2012 by NISR, the Population of the Study area sectors growth rate was estimated (29,044) where Cyumba sector had (14,838) and Kaniga sector had (14,206). Currently 2012-2015 the number of population has increased. Basing on the statistics from Gicumbi District statistic office, Pop. 2015 Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. the current number of population in 2015 of Cyumba sector is 15260 while Kaniga sector has 15803. 2020 2025 2030 2035 Gatuna 31,063 714 34,635 38,208 41,780 Table 5: Population number of study area Study area 2.3 45,352 Sector Population by 2012 Population by 2015 Source: Gicumbi District statistics 2015, adapted by Rwanda Construct
Gatuna 14,838 15,260 As shown in the table above, the population of Gatuna border town is growing steadily and is expected to reach 45,352 in 2035. Study Kaniga 14,206 15,803 Among the causes of this increasing rate of population include: Total 29044 31,063
Internal migration of people from other areas of Gicumbi district to settle in the area Source: NISR 2012 and Gicumbi district statistic office 2015, adapted by Rwanda Construct Vibrant informal trade that exist between the borders of Gatuna and Katuna including the black As show in the table above the population increase from 2012 up to 2015 in study area is 2019. The markets for currency exchange and agricultural produce trade population growth rate is obviously 2.3% in study area. Off-farm jobs that are available around the border and people anticipate to profit from it
3.1.2 Population Projection Proposed development projects that will provide jobs including the planned cross border market The linear projection of population in study areas can be calculated using the following projection to be implemented by MINICOM, one border post and other infrastructure development formula: 3.1.3 Population structure . Pt = P0 + bt Comparing the population structure of Gatuna border town and Gicumbi district, it is visible that the majority of population is young in study area as well as in Gicumbi district .The following age-sex Where P0 = initial population pyramid (Figure 1) reveals that the young in Gicumbi are 81 % aged less than 40 years old; females in
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015 this age group represent 81.5% of all females in the District, while males represent 81.9% of all males in the District (NISR 2012a). Figure 2.Structure of the population in Gatuna border town Figure 1. Pyramid of age in Gicumbi District 60.0 50.0 50.0 Population in % 40.0
30.0
20.0 10.2 8.3 POPULATION IN 5.6 4.6 6.5 10.0 2.8 2.8 2.8 0.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 PERCENTAGE 0.0
Ages
Source: Rwanda construct, Field survey, February 2015
Figure 3.Gender shares in the population living in Gatuna border town.
Source: EICV3, 2012-Distict profile
The result of research conducted on the field reveals that the Structure of the population in Gatuna border town depicted in figure2 below shows that 50% of Gatuna town inhabitants are between 18 and 25 Years. 49, 49% MALE 51, 51% FEMALE
Source: Rwanda construct, Field survey, February 2015
The above figure shows that female represent 2% more than male as female are 51% and male are 49%.
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
3.1.4 Migration of population sea level (Gicumbi DDP 2013-18). The plateau is surrounded by steep ravines with small valleys The result of survey conducted on the field indicates that the migration tendency of population to segmented by multiple swamps. It is a succession of steep hills giving rise to a multitude of watersheds Gatuna Border town is high. all converging towards the Great Nile basin (Gicumbi DDP 2013-2018).
The analysis of the below figure shows that 78.57% are native of Gatuna border town and 21% from The study area is also experiencing a difficult topography characterized by two high mountains such as outside of Gatuna border post. The big number of immigrants said that they come to search for business. Mukono Mountain with the top of 2130 m above sea level and Nyakabungo Mountain with top of 2205 They present a percentage of 95%, whereas 3.5% for marriage,1%for property and 0.5% for other m above sea level. The existing developed center is placed on the foot of Mukono Mountain lying on reasons. slope ranging between 5% and 45%.This topography is problematic to housing development which is one of the threats of the priority sites. But with availability of construction techniques, this challenge of The population of Gatuna usually make cross border temporal movement. They migrate temporally to topography is surmountable. Uganda for businesses and family relation. They move also some times to Kigali for business.
.
Figure 4: Gatuna border town native and not native situation.
21.43%
Native of Gatuna 78.57% Not native of Gatuna
Source: Rwanda Construct, Field survey, March 2015
The survey analysis shows that 20% of Gatuna border town population does regular emigration movement, 65% occasionally emigrate and 15% almost never emigrate
3.2 Relief and topography
Gatuna border town is characterized by high and steepest mountains that form a topography which is not easy for urbanization development. The relief of Gatuna border town is classified in the highland areas of Buberuka with a succession of steep hills whose altitudes ranging between 1,500 and 2500 m above
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Map 5: Elevation model of Gatuna border town
Source: RNRA_DTM Data, Adapted by Rwanda Construct, March 2015
Source: RNRA_DTM Data, Adapted by Rwanda Construct, March 2015
Map 6: Slope analysis of Gatuna border town
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
3.3 Climate and climate change
3.3.1 Climate Gatuna border town has a temperate Climate. However, it should be noted that the succession of seasons becomes irregular from year to year and that sometimes the area experiences dryness. Average annual temperatures generally oscillate around 20c with amplitudes changing between 12oC and 18oC and annual rainfalls of about 1800 mm. The town has three agricultural seasons; two are rainy seasons and one is dry season. Season A starts in September and ends in December and is characterized by a lot of rainfall especially in December. Season B that starts in January and ends in June has a lot of rainfall in April. Season C starts with July and ends with September (Gicumbi DDP 2013- 2018).
3.3.2 Climate change Gatuna border town experience climate change situation .This situation is general in Rwanda related to general circulation of airstreams and variations of temperatures in the Central Africa region where it is located. In the past 30 years, Rwanda has undergone climate changes with respect to frequency, intensity and persistence of extremes like heavy rainfall, waves of heat. In this period, frequencies of rainfall deficient and excesses have considerably increased, with occurrences of rainfall deficit reaching 16% and of course this has had an impact on the environment, economy and human lives (NILE BASIN DISCOURSE RWANDA, 2010).
The research conducted on study area by RWANDA CONSTRUCT shows that the same situation has occurred in study area of Gatuna border town as well, where in these past years people of this area have experienced some periods of heavy rain that leads to loss of crop production due to climate change.
3.4 Natural resources and Environment
3.4.1 Geology As depicted by (Map7) below ,geology structure of Gatuna border town area is divided into two basic geological structure formations classified into two groups; Group of Pindura and Cyohoha. In group of Cyohoha, we have geological structure formation of Rukomo that appears at elevation of 1500 m above sea level on almost the land of Cyumba sector and Kaniga .It is characterized by conglomerates with fine gravels, Sandstones with variable size and schists in alternative and regular beds.
In group of Pindura, there is geological formation of Burimbi that appear on small part of Rubaya sector and West of Cyumba sector. It is characterized by the presence of dominating pellets with large blocks made by regular alternative of sandstone beds and locally Schist with volcanic character.
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Map 7.Geology of Gatuna border town study area
Source: RNRA_Rwanda geology , Adapted by Rwanda Construct, March 2012
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
3.4.2 Mines and Quarries The study area of Gatuna Border Town hasn‟t minerals to exploit. Nevertheless there are some mining 3.4.3 Soil concessions currently exploited in some other areas of Gicumbi district such as in Bwisige, Gihuke, The 90% of the study area land and even of the whole district is on the mountains characterized by Nyarurama,,Rwagahaya, and Nkoma I and Nkoma II(RNRA_Land Use Plan 2015). The data from lateritic soils and granites (DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT PLAN, 2013-2018). The soils in quartz are Rwanda Natural resources authority (Deparetment of Geology and Mining) shows that one operating also available on a lot of massifs. Regarding the morphology, swamps and shallows are characterized by Company UMWIZARARANGWA Ltd exploits Tantalum minerals Coltan, Cassiterite and Wolframite clay soil rich in silts and covered in some places by the alluviums and colluviums. Agriculture is favored in the said concessions. by the presence of the humid soils. The erosion resulting from heavy rain during the long rain season Map 8 : Mining Concessions in Gicumbi Distric was developed on high slopes before radical terracing and environment protection in general.
Map 9. Soil in Gicumbi District and Gatuna border town
Source: MINAGRI_Rwanda Soils Map, Adapted by Rwanda Construct, March 2015
Source: RNRA_Integrated District Development plan_2015 3.4.4 Fauna and flora The natural vegetation is completely rare in Gatuna border town due to human activities. Only the man The maps made vegetation is abundant at the mountain of Mukono and Nyakabungo. Some steepest slope areas
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015 are covered by forests of eucalyptus, pinus, grivelleras. Sporadically some agro - forest trees are scattered in the fields. The rest is often occupied by non-productive banana plantations and agricultural Map 10.Hydrology of Gicumbi District plantations variable according to the Seasons. Tea plantation occupies some part of Mulindi Valley, (District Development Plan, and 2013-2018).
As confirmed by local population, the wild animals found there are jackals and hares, there are also reptiles, and birds such as swallows, crowned cranes, Ravens, pigeons etc.
3.4.5 Hydrology, Wetland and Watershed
As Gicumbi website indicates, the hydrographic network consists of very many rivers, sometimes cut by Rapids or falls likely to produce electrical energy. These rivers or streams lay in the plains of floods swamp namely Mwange, Mulindi, Mutulirwa, Walufu, Muyanza and Gaseke. Some of them have a permanent flow that would allow irrigation once wetlands developed and mastered the flow. Hydrography of the District is also characterized by the wetlands of Rugezi and Lake Muhazi whose waters are respectively shared with the Burera District in the North and Rwamagana region East and of Gasabo District in the city of Kigali (District Development Plan, 2013-2018).
The valley of the study area namely Mulindi wetland is watered by Mulindi river.
Source: RNRA_Rivers and Lakes shapefiles, Adapted by Rwanda Construct, March 2015
The water resources are mainly influenced by abundant rainfall that makes Aquifer Lake sufficient and
produce natural permanent rivers.
3.4.6 Natural Environment The natural and human environment in Rwandan towns as well as Gicumbi Towns especially Gatuna center is not good and safe. The following are identified environmental problems which can be as direct
agents of damages to the urban environment are in general:
1. The human waste 2. The residues of domestic origin 3. The garbage of various establishments
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
4. The inadequate planning of parklands The analysis of the above figure shows that wastes in Gatuna border town is dumped as responded by 5. The lack of garbage dumps 82.9% of respondents. 6. The noise from cars and machines Figure 5. Means of Solid waste disposal in Gatuna Border town. 7. The lacks of basic infrastructures 8. The absence of the sanitation infrastructures. There are no solid wastes collection system in Gatuna border town, the garbage generated from the Types of waste disposal households, restaurants, shops; the internal schools are dumped in the fields mainly behind the houses 4.3 and the shops. Some people dump on hills away from their parcels or in vacant plots of land (see Other photo4). Consequently this creates conflicts between people who dump garbage and land owner. Private collection 4.3 Eventually diseases arise from these illegal dumping. Even the minimum actions defined in the Environmental National Plan as the construction of public latrines, the pipeline of storm water, and the Households in % Burning 5.7 obligation of treatment of the waste water and the solid garbage, by their producers are not implemented in the study area. Compost pit 85.7
In Gatuna border town there is no any collective system of sanitation, or mechanisms for the treatment of 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 the waste water and other liquid. The only way of treatment of waste water used in the residential and commercial area is the soak peat and the septic tanks for some few people who are able to construct that Source: Rwanda Construct, Field survey, March 2015. kind of sewage system. The research done reveal that the majority of population in the center let flow the The analysis of the above figure shows that the compost pit system is the highest type of waste disposal used water behind the house or in open trenches of the road what we call gravity. system used in Gatuna Border town as indicated by 82% of respondents and other solid waste disposal Photo 2. Solid waste disposal type usually used in Gatuna border town ways count 14.3%
Among this solid waste disposal system burning system counts 5.7% as noted in the above figure.
The photo below shows the waste incineration system used by some industries. The system that pollutes the atmosphere with its smoking.
Photo 3: Illustration burning solid waste in Gatuna border town
Source: Rwanda Construct, Field survey, February 2015 Source: Rwanda Construct Field survey, February2015
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
plot has not yet been developed and is held under lease or “contrat de location”, tax is charged at a fixed 3.4.7 Land rate per square meter depending on the district. Agricultural land below five hectares is exempt and 3.4.7.1 Land tenure and registration fractions of a hectare are not considered. Separate rates apply for tourism sites and for mining and quarrying (NLC, 2010). Rwandan land is classified as individual land and public land (Organic Law N° 03/2013/OL of Basing on information from local resident and Gicumbi land bureau, Land taxation in Gatuna center is 16/06/2013). Until independence in 1962, an indigenous or customary tenure system existed alongside still lagging, only commercial plots are taxed at a rate of 10 Rwf/square meter. Residential plots and codified land tenure rules for land owned by foreigners (Dr Herman Musahara, 2006). other plots area not yet taxed compare to land taxation system in Kigali city where Land parcels are By the mid-1990s, access to land became an emergency issue in Rwanda (Van Huyweghen, 1999). Land taxed at rate of 80, 50 and 30 RWF /Sqm. Policy and Land Law 2004 and 2005, identified that for dealing with improved access to land; the 3.4.7.3 Land pressure landless must have access to enough land, to support their livelihoods; rural people need secure rights to Population pressures and inheritance practices have resulted in increasing fragmentation of land parcels. use land. Government is concerned that land fragmentation is inefficient and leaves households with holdings Land right and acquisition has been governed by customary practices, all land transactions in the past that are too small to support them (NLC, 2010). In Gatuna town, 73.6% of households own less than 1 were virtually illegal with the enormous number of land disputes. Only a limited number of plots in hectare. Among them, 19.1% of households hold less than 0.2 ha land (EICV3, NISR 2011). The mean urban areas and religious centers had titles, and at this time Rwanda adopted the right to own through size of land cultivated per household is 0.49 ha, which is below the national average (0.59) and rural formalization (Musahara 2005). Registration of land is obligatory for a land owner (Article 20 of average (0.6). Gatuna has 85.6% of households cultivating under 0.9 ha of land (EICV3 DISTRICT Organic Law N° 03/2013/OL of 16/06/2013). The land lease period cannot be less than three (3) years PROFILE – Gicumbi) and cannot exceed ninety- nine years (99); however it can be renewed (Organic Law N° 03/2013/OL of Gatuna town is one of Gicumbi urban center that is experiencing challenges in land pressure. Since it has 16/06/2013). Land titles make land holdings more secure and, in turn, can stimulate investment even accommodated many immigrants that have settled in the area in search for better opportunities; thus among the poor (Dr Herman Musahara, 2006). creating high pressure of already fragmented land and leading to creation of informal settlements.
By 2012 Gicumbi district has 48.5% of households that have been exposed to the LTR programme However, the emerging new infrastructure and facilities such as electricity, residential plots, religious (EICV3 DISTRICT PROFILE – Gicumbi).Nevertheless the Survey results shows that among the plots, industry, Forex bureaus, and commercial shops would attract more people to reside in the area by informants who own their plots 97.8%have got their lease certificates. the future thus increasing land pressure. Therefore the need for urban planning tools is of great importance to manage human settlement in such new emerging urban areas. The big reason for those who don‟t have the lease certificates is that they didn‟t register their land in the first registration system; the second reason is that their land is under conflict 3.4.7.4 Land market Shortage of land led to: i) an increased number of land transactions, and ii) increased long-term land 3.4.7.2 Land Taxation rental and land fragmentation in Rwanda ( Reintsma ,1983).
Land as an asset is taxable. Land tax serves as a significant source of revenue for local government. From 1994, when Gatuna center development was bustling, the value of land increased time by time. Reference made to Organic law No 8/2005 of 14/7/2005 Determining the use and management of land in As indicated by local inhabitants the plot prices (for mean plot of 20 nx30 m) vary based on their Rwanda, specifically in the article 68, it is clear that every land owner have to give tax for his/her land locations: except agriculture land with an area less than 1 ha. On developed land the tax is on immovable property, at a rate determined by the District council: between 0.1% and 0.2% of the property value. Where the
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
The plot located near the local road of Gatuna and Rukizi villages is more expensive about 2,000,000RWF to 2,500,000RWF than the one away from the road which is about 600000 RWF to d. Forest area 800,000RWF. In the study area, covers an area of 63.66 ha. They are distributed on both hills that are found in Gatuna Specifically, the informants (local residents) said that now the plot located near trading centers such border town, hill of Nyakabungo lying on Nyarwambu and Mulindi cell and hill of Mukono lying on Kabura and Gatuna where most of the public infrastructures and facilities are available is more Rwankonjo Cell. expensive about 3,500,0000RWF to 4,000,000 RWF than the one away from trading centers. e. Religious area 3.4.7.5 Land use Religious area is occupied by churches and other religious related activity such as, churches, monastery, All land leases and land transactions shall respect the land use plans of the area where the land is located Nuns home etc. In Gatuna center the dominant religious land is used occupied by churches and it (Organic Law N° 03/2013/OL of 16/06/2013). The current land use of Gatuna Border town is not occupies an area of 1.26 ha. developed as well as the land use of a town has to be. f. Wetland area The categories of current land uses as identified within the study area are Residential use, commercial, The study area includes a big area of Mulindi wetland used for agriculture which occupies 121.70 ha and institutional, recreational, transportation, forest reserves, agricultural, religious, educational, wetland, a protected wetland that occupies 49.66 ha. Even if one part is used as agriculture, it is not appropriate health care facilities and administrative. for that, because the wetland contains peat which is not good for agriculture. a. Administrative area g. Tea plantation The area used as administrative activities in Gatuna center is basically where cell offices are and Gatuna The area occupied by tea plantation in the Gatuna center is 8.24 ha Border post custom, this area covers approximately 1.8 ha. h. Health care, education, industry and institutional b. Residential and agricultural area In Gatuna center the area occupied by health care is 0.11 ha, education 2.21 ha, industries 0.03 ha and Agriculture in Gatuna is occupied by more than 90% of its population. The sector is dominated by food institution 0.12 crops (beans, com, sorghum, potatoes, wheat, vegetable, maracuja, sweet potatoes, cassava, bananas, soybeans, etc.) as well as cash crops namely, coffee and tea (LED potentialities_ Gicumbi District, 2013). The residential area in Gatuna center is defined as residential built up area. As there is no urban land use management, residential area is still not distinguished with agriculture zones. Residential and agricultural area is approximately 280.47 ha. c. Commercial area Commercial neighborhoods in Gatuna town are Kabura, Rukizi, Gatuna and Mbungo. They are areas where commercial and services activities are done. It is where we find retail shops, bars, restaurants, handcraft, hotel, pharmacy, forex bureaus, services, offices, etc. These zones cover approximately an area of 6.60 ha.
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Map 11: Existing Land use Map
Source: Rwanda Construct, March 2015
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
50.7% of the population is identified as non-poor, 15.4% as poor and 33.9% as extremely poor.
Table 7. Area coverage of existing Land use Socio economic analysis deems to be important to help in planning basis for the future development of the Gatuna border town. It is in this way we conducted on-site survey and documentation from various Land use Area in Ha Area in % sources to know more about the existing condition in term of social situation and economic situation. Administrative 1.809 0.34 Figure 6. Monthly household income Agri wetland 121.705 22.67
Agriculture 280.477 52.25 24.4 Commercial 6.607 1.23 25.0
Education 2.218 0.41
Forest 63.668 11.86 20.0
Health care 0.116 0.02 15.0 Industry 0.033 0.01 12.2 Institutional 0.128 0.02 10.0 8.9 Playground 0.883 0.16 7.8 7.8 7.8 Households in % 5.6 5.6 5.6 Protected wetland 49.661 9.25 5.0 3.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 Religious 1.267 0.24 1.1 1.1
Tea plantation 8.242 1.54 0.0 Total 624.817 100.00
Source: Rwanda Construct, March 2015 Monthly income in RWF
3.5.Socio-economic situation Source: Rwanda Construct, Field survey, March 2015. 3.5.1 General economic situation The analysis of the above figure shows that monthly household income is between less that 5000RWF as Gatuna town has 0.7% of orphans with both parents deceased and 13.2% of orphans with one parent indicated by 24.4% of respondents. This means that there is a need of development of new income deceased. The 25% of households are headed by females and 6% are „de facto female-headed generation activities and we hope that new proposed projects like cross border market will help in this households. The overall employment rate in the District is 85.9% of the resident population aged 16 endeavor. years and above; the unemployment rate is 0.7% and economic inactivity rate is 13.5% . The majority of females in Gatuna town are small-scale farm workers (78%), with 8% wage farm workers. The majority of males are also involved in small-scale farm work (53%), wage non-farm work (7%); 11% are involved in wage farm and 9% in independent non-farm.
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Figure 7. Household monthly food expenditure in Gatuna town center. Based on the analysis of the above figure a big number of Gatuna border town business owners are native with 70%. The 30% of immigrants is attributed to a large number of persons who come to 30 Gatuna center in search for better opportunities such as jobs, since this center has been developing non- 24.3 25 agricultural activities. This is one of the potentialities of the urbanization of this area. 21.4 20 Percentage of 3.5.2 Economic activities 15.7 Households 15 In Gatuna border town, a large number of people aged 16 years and above are independent farmers 10 (67%), followed by wage non-farmer 53 (16%). The third main economic activities are wage farm and 10 7.1 independent non-farmers with 9% and 7% respectively. Only 1% is unpaid non-farmers or has another 4.3 4.3 5 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 1.4 kind of job (EICV3 DISTRICT PROFILE – Gicumbi).The 50.7% of the population is identified as non- 0 poor, 15.4% as poor and 33.9% as extremely poor. Household income is driven by agriculture income
(49%), the main driver, followed by wage income (25%) and business income (9%).Transfer income 0-3000
(public and private transfers) count 3% (EICV3 DISTRICT PROFILE – Gicumbi). 3000-5000
Expenses in RWF5000-10000
10000-20000 20000-30000 30000-40000 60000-70000 80000-90000
400000-50000 500000-60000 90000-100000 100000-150000 Figure 9. The usual main jobs in Gicumbi district. Source: Rwanda Construct, Field survey, March 2015.
The analysis of the above figure shows that monthly household expenditure on food is between 5,000RWF and 10, 000RWF as indicated by 24.3% of respondents. The second higher household expenses on food are between 10000 RWF and 20000RWF as responded by 21.4%. Few households use less than 20000RWF per month as shown on the above figure. This low amount can be justified that the dominant activity in the area is agriculture for food. This reduces the expenses of money on food.
Figure 8. Gatuna border town business owners by native areas
70 70 60 50 40 30 Business owners in % Source: EICV3 30 20 With the analysis of the above figure, agriculture is shown as the main economic activity, involving 76% 10 0 of the population aged 16 year and above, followed by Trade (7%) and Government (4.8%) in Gatuna Native Immigrant border town.
Source: Rwanda Construct , Field survey, March 2015 Specifically the employment status in Gatuna center is characterized by big number of people working in various domain rather than agriculture,
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Based on the diversity of natural resources as well as the strategic location of the study areas of Gatuna Agriculture is widely spread throughout the study areas and in the whole Gatuna town as well, and it is center As well as Gicumbi District; population earn their living through engaging in various economic supported by a number of factors, including relatively fertile soils, adequate rainfall, and land activities, which can be broadly categorized in three sectors of activity: consolidation policy4).
Primary sector The crop production mainly includes maize, beans, soja, banana, cassava, sweet potatoes, avocado, and Secondary sector tea. Tertiary sector 3.5.2.2 Livestock
In addition to crops, livestock is another important source of income and food for households. The 3.5.2 Primary sector research conducted by NISR in 2012 reveal that 78 % of the population raise livestock, compared to 3.5.2.1 Agriculture national level where the percentage is 68.2% at national level, 72.8% in rural areas, 41.8% in urban areas Commercialization of crop production overall, as measured by the share of harvest sold (including and is between 69% and 76% in other provinces, excluding Kigali City where it is 34.5%. households selling zero crops), is 19.5% in Gatuna town (EICV3 DISTRICT PROFILE – Gicumbi). 3.5.3 Secondary sector Noting that a big proportion of study area is dominated by agriculture, the latter constitutes a significant This economic sector covers all activities of transformation that include industries and are based on economic activity in the study areas. However agriculture is offered as a coping mechanism to transformation. Industrial activities in Gatuna border town are at the initial phase but some industries supplement food and money incomes. like Blessed dairies Ltd are testimonial of possibility of industrial development in the area. Agriculture and livestock activities are practiced both on subsistence and commercial scale (i.e. tea) Photo 5.Illustration on industrial transformation although the trends are that they are now becoming major commercial activity with improvement and development of technologies in the domain.
Photo 4. Farming activities
Source: Rwanda Construct , Field survey, February 2015
Source: Rwanda Construct, Field survey, February 2015 4 Land consolidation program: Seeks to bring together fragmented plots of land and encourage the cultivation of particular crops on the consolidated land in the spirit of maintaining food security.
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Artisanal activities are dominant in Gatuna border town and contribute significantly to its development Most of the business activities, like trade, in the priority areas are performed in the trade centers among and job creation. But this type of activities needs also to be improved. which Gatuna is the main central business district (CBD) considered a hub of various business activities.
Photo 6. Light industry and hand craft activities Trade in study area can be categorized in the following two main groups:
Retail Street vending
3.5.4.2 Retail In the study area, the trade is carried out mainly by retailers concentrated in trade centers dealing in small items such as soaps, salt, modern and traditional drinks, raw food, electronics such as cell phones, radios etc. Bars and restaurants are also available in the study areas. The improvement and increase in investments envisaged in the region is a proof that the study area is susceptible to rapid urbanization.
Photo 7. Retail Commercial center
Source: Rwanda Construct , Field survey, February 2015
3.5.4 Tertiary sector 3.5.4.1 Trade In order to boost cross-border markets, strategically important border cross points should be developed by constructing hotels, lodges and supermarkets in the respective border towns (LED potentialities_ Gicumbi District, 2013).
Like all developing urban centers, commerce constitutes one of the income generating activities in the urban area like Gatuna border town. Even though the area is dominated by agriculture in terms of economic activities, but business is everyday progressing as many people are coming from different Source: Rwanda Construct , Field survey, February 2015 sectors and create business here. 3.5.4.3 Street vending The accessibility of the study areas to Kigali –Kampala international road is a factor that promotes transportation to and from different areas throughout East African region and other countries. And this Street vending is practiced often outdoor by people who put the goods on tables or in boxes just in street factor could make the study area important call-points for travelers making local trade centers dynamic or on the veranda of shops. The place also start experiencing hawkers who move from place to place places for commerce. The latter is hence, one of the contributors of local revenue for the study areas. according to where they find more customers, most goods involved are candies, chewing gums and others destined for basic domestic needs, e.g.: soaps, toothpaste, etc.
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
According to transport facilities, Gatuna border town area has 3 local transportation companies that facilitate the mobility to Kigali. Those companies are ONATRACOM, RFTC and DIFFERENT 3.6 Existing basic infrastructures EXPRESS, all area transporting people from Gatuna Border town to Kigali only. People use only moto bike, when they want to go to other places other than KIGALI and GICUMBI. 3.6.1Transportation network and Facilities The development of Gatuna border town was basically first come from the international road that pass Photo 9: Transportation companies in study area across this town from Kigali to Uganda. This important road facilitates the business and other activities such education and tourism between Rwanda and outside mainly Uganda and Kenya.
Mobility in the Gatuna urban areas is still very low due to lack of adequate road network. Apart from main tarmac road joining Kigali and Uganda through Gatuna border town, there are other two secondary roads such as: Road joining Gatuna border town and Rubaya Sector which is ranked as district road class one by RTDA and other joining Gatuna town and Cyumba sector headquarter. The rest part, especially in Gatuna ,Rukizi and Kagera villages has no roads network, people use footways.
The part of study area which is in Kaniga sector is seemingly to be like marginalized both in transport, electricity and general development. The one road joining that part to Gatuna border town is not now in good condition. The bridges are destroyed for so long and other roads also in that zone were not rehabilitated because they are not used as well.
In general road network in the rural areas in Cyumba and Kaniga sectors need to be improved to Source: Rwanda Construct, Field survey. February 2015 facilitate the linkage between the rural sectors and Gatuna urban centers especially regarding trade and transfer of agricultural products (LED potentialities_ Gicumbi District, 2013).
Photo 8. Destroyed bridge of road connecting Nyarwambu and Mulindi cells to Gatuna
Source: Rwanda Construct , Field survey, February 2015 Source: Rwanda Construct , Field survey. February 2015
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Furthermore, Gatuna border town is favored by international cross border transport services done by The analysis of the above figure shows that a big number of Gatuna border town inhabitants use 1min to various companies that operate from Uganda and Kenya to Rwanda, Burundi and RDC. 15 min by foot to get to the tax park as indicated by 80% of respondents.
3.6.2 Education and health services
Figure 10.Monthly transport cost per household The analysis from EICV3 indicates that Gatuna border town has an illiteracy rate of 84.8% among the population aged 15 and above ,while 24.2 percent of women and 16 percent of men have never attended school. Around 83.2% female and 77% male in Gatuna Town are unskilled unless some of them have Expenses in RWF 40000-200000 11.43 received special on-job training. 14.29 30000-40000 There are shortages of infrastructure for lower education. The net attendance rates in primary school are 20000-30000 2.86 97.9%. The net attendance rates in secondary school are 25.8%.The mean walking distance to a primary 10000-15000 10 school is 37.1 minutes. In urban areas, the mean walking distance to a primary school is 19.4 minutes. 9000-10000 7.14 Households in 4.29 8000-9000 Percentage The study area has only two primary schools, Rukizi Primary school and Nyarwambu primary school. It 7000-8000 2.86 has also one secondary school with option Groupe scolaire Rukizi, and one NYBE school Of 6000-7000 5.71 Nyarwambu. 5000-6000 2.86 O-5000 38.57 Photo 10.Primary and Secondary school of Rukizi 0 10 20 30 40
Source: Rwanda Construct , Field survey, March 2015
The analysis of the figure above indicates that a big number of households spend less than 5000RWF per month on transport as responded by 38.57%. Between 5000RWF and 6000RWF, 7000RWF and 6000RWF, and 20000RWF and 3000RWF is the lowest number of respondents with 2.86 % households for each these three categories of expenses.
Figure 11.Time used by households to get to the tax park in Gatuna border town
Source: Rwanda Construct , Field survey, February 2015 100.0 80.0 80.0
60.0 40.0 17.1 20.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 1.4 Percentage of… 0.0
Time used
Source: Rwanda Construct , Field survey, March 2015
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Figure 12. The proportion of the inhabitants of Gatuna border town by level of education Figure 13.Level of education for business owners in Gatuna border town.
Level of education 90.00 5% 78.57 80.00
70.00 PRIMARY 40% SECONARY 55% 60.00 TERTIARY 50.00
40.00 population percentage
30.00
20.00 17.14 Source: Rwanda Construct , Field survey, March 2015 10.00 1.43 2.86 0.00 The analysis of the above figure shows that the level of education for business owner is very low at primary secondary tertiary no schooling tertiary level as 55% have attended primary schools, 40% have attended secondary schools, 5% % have attended tertiary education. Source: Rwanda Construct , Field survey, March 2015 Figure 14. Time spent by household to reach primary school by foot. With the analysis of the above table, resulting from social economic survey conducted in Gatuna border town, a big number of the population of the area attended primary education as represented by 7857%. The percentage of secondary and tertiary education is still low where 17.14 attended secondary school, 48.6 and 1.4% tertiary school which is a big gap in level of education. We can note that there is a still 50.0 illiterate person in Gatuna border town, where a big proportion is concentrated in old people with 45.0 estimates of 3%. In general education sector in Gatuna border town is not bad but needs more inputs 40.0 both in infrastructures and programme of implementation. 35.0 30.0 Never the less the research reveals that people who do business in Gatuna border town are instructed. All 25.0 20.0 of them have attended school. Furthermore there is a significant number of businessmen who attend 12.9 15.0 10.0 11.4 Households in % tertiary education which would be a good indicator of job creation and self reliance programme that 10.0 2.9 4.3 2.9 2.9 government of Rwanda is initiating nowadays for development especially for young. 5.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.0
Time
Source: Rwanda Construct , Field survey, March 2015
The analysis of the above figure indicates that a big number of households use 10 min to 15min to reach
primary school as indicated by 48.6% of respondents. This affordable distance can justify the increase in attendance to primary school.
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Figure 15.Quarterly household expenses on education. Photo 11.Illustration on health facilities
25.0 22.9
20.0
15.0 14.3 12.9 11.4
10.0 8.6 Households in 7.1 7.1 5.7 5.7 Percentage 5.0 4.3
0.0
Source: Rwanda Construct , Field survey, February 2015
Expenses in RWF Figure 16. Time used by household to reach health center. Source: Rwanda Construct , Field survey, March 2015 Time used The analysis of the above figure shows that a big proportion of households in Gatuna border town spend 50000 RWF on education in three months as stated by 22.9% of respondents. This shows that investment 2h30-3h 5.7 in education is still very low in Gatuna border town. This low level of households expenses on education 2h00-2h30 2.9 correspond to the low level of household attendance to education. 1h30-2h00 11.4 1h00-1h30 10.0 Hospital and health centers are absent in Gatuna border town. Only the study area has one health post 45min-1h00 8.6 Householdsin % that facilitates people of the whole town. The nearest Health center is at Rubaya center in Rubaya sector 35min-45 7.1 located at least to 15 km from Gatuna center. 25min-35min 14.3 15min-25min 11.4 The analysis of surveyed data shows that people use more time to get to health facility where the figure 1min-15min 28.6 21 clearly shows that 50% use more than 45 mn to get to facility. 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
Generally, the data to Gicumbi district shows that most of the health care facilities lack the necessary equipment and personnel to enable them provide quality service to the people. The district has Source: Rwanda Construct , Field survey, March 2015 experienced difficulties in providing efficient health services for the fast growing population because it The analysis of the above figure shows that households still face a challenge accessing health centers and really needs heavy investment to upgrade to modernized and construct new health facilities (DISTRICT hospitals since 28.6% use 1min to 15 min while a big number spend up to hours for example 8.6% of DEVELOPMENT PLAN, 2013-2018). respondents use 2h00 to 3h00.
In Gatuna border town some health centers need to be improved in quality as in size respecting suitable 3.6.3 Water and sanitation site selection. Gatuna border town has sufficient drinking water source, compared to the result about Gicumbi district presented in report of Local Economic Development Potentialities, where the 10.6% of households in Gicumbi district still use an unimproved drinking water. The 39.5% of households in Gatuna are within
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
15 minutes‟ walking distance of an improved water source. On the other hand, 28% of households in As shown on the above figure many families in Gatuna border town use water from protected springs Gicumbi district still walk more 30 minutes to reach an improved water source (WHO). about 60% while 38.57% use water from water taps. This is explained by the existence of enough water sources and water network in study area. The protective perimeters of water catchments intends to ensure the qualitative and quantitative protection of water produced for human consumption, it is water from the underground or flowing water In Gatuna center, some water sources are not protected or improved. (Water Law N°62/2008 OF 10/09/2008). Photo 12. Water source point Improved drinking water sources include protected springs, public standpipes, water piped into dwelling/yard, boreholes, protected wells and rainwater collection, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). According to the EICV 3, report of 2011, Gicumbi district has only 9% of piped water, and the majority of the population consumes water from protected springs that constitute 58.9% of the sources. Other source include protected well and rain water that contribute 2.5% and 1.3% respectively (EICV3, 2011).
There is insufficient access to clean water supply by the district residents especially those living in the Source: Rwanda Construct , Field survey, February 2015 slope hills of the district (DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT PLAN, 2013-2018). Water sources need to be improved. Lack of water sources maintenance system facilitates the
development of contaminants. Absence of green land covers cause reduction in water quantity. The research shows that Gatuna border town has 96.5% of households with access to improved water compared to Gicumbi district where the number is 76.5% (EICV3 DISTRICT PROFILE – Gicumbi).
Figure 17.Household water sources in Gatuna urban center Figure 18. Time used by household to reach public water point by foot
household source of water in %
1.43 Time used 0 1h30-2h 2.9
1h00-1h30 7.1
50min-1h00 2.9 38.57 Public water taps 45min-50min 4.3 Protected spring Households in% River stream 30min-45min 8.6 Lake 60 15mij-30min 14.3
1min-15min 60.0
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0
Source: Rwanda Construct, Field survey, March 2015 Source: Rwanda Construct , Field survey, March 2015
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
The above figure shows that many households spend few minutes to reach public water point as 60% of Figure 19. Monthly expenses on electricity for business owners in Gatuna border town respondents indicated they use 1min to 15 min by foot which means that water is available but as shown on the previous photo they need to be protected and improved.
3.6.4 Storm water collection and Drainage 50 The town experiences inadequate storm water Management, that later causes soil erosion to the farmers. 50 With no proper water collection channels, the water storm causes landslides and washes away the top 40 soil layers thus causes erosion (DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT PLAN, 2013-2018). 30 20 Business owners in % 15 3.6.5 Electricity network 20 The major part of Study area in Gatuna border town is almost electrified. All villages near the core 10 5 5 5 center have access to electricity; these are Gatuna, Rukizi and Kagera villages. The rest part of 0 Nyarwambu and Mulindi cell in Kaniga sector is has not access to electricity.
Compared to Gicumbi district, the research shows that Gatuna border town has 12% of households use Expenses in RWF electricity as their main source of lighting, while Gicumbi district has 8.9% (EICV3 DISTRICT
PROFILE – Gicumbi). Source: Rwanda Construct , Field survey, March 2015
According to REG (EWSA records, 2013), the percentage of households connected to electricity in 2012 The above figure shows that many business owners in Gatuna border town have monthly expenses on was 4.62% in Gicumbi District (LED potentialities_ Gicumbi District, 2013). electricity which is between 500 and 5000RWF as indicated by 50% of respondents. The electricity is
Photo 13: Power line in the study area used for lighting, refrigerating, and hair cutting in saloons. No single households indicated using electricity for cooking. Apart from electricity, other sources of energy are; charcoal, wood, solar energy and biogas.
3.6.6 ICT and Telecommunication Gatuna town has 65% of households owning a mobile phone while EICV3 indicated that Gicumbi district has 38% in general and 71% in town.
According to the information, people of Gatuna border town are willingly to be aware of information. The source of information is various. The table below shows that a lot of number of population get information basically from radio, where the proportion is 52% second source of information is Internet and mobile phones that both makes 35.7%.
Figure 20. Sources of information by percentage of households in Gatuna border town
Source: Rwanda Construct , Field survey, February 201
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
60.0 52.9 50.0
40.0
30.0 21.4 20.0 Percentage of household 14.3
10.0 7.1 2.9 1.4 0.0 0.0
Source: Rwanda Construct , Field survey, March 2015
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Map 12: Existing infrastructures and services in Gatuna border town
NISR, 2012, Rwanda Construct Field survey, 2015
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
3.7 Housing and human settlements structure Photo 14.Permanent house (Selling point) and Permanent housing at steepest slope Gatuna
in Gatuna village As noted in EICV3 DISTRICT PROFILE-Gicumbi, the objectives of the Vision 2020 with regard to human settlement are summarized as follows:
• Having urbanization master plans and particular development plans for towns; • Using urban land aording to adopted plans; and • Developing basic infrastructure in urban areas and other rural development zones
Every spatial planning must put into consideration the shelter. Consequently improvement of housing and human settlements in the study area shall be based on various housing policy set by National Institutions. This section brings into perspective housing conditions in order to discuss strategies and programs for providing good shelter and properly serviced neighborhoods to meet the escalating demand. Source: Rwanda Construct , Field survey, February 2015 3.7.1 Housing typology Due to the economic condition of the local residents, the majority of the houses in the study area are 4 Semi permanent: Semi permanent buildings include those built with a combination of permanent semi- permanent structures that require regular rehabilitation. As observed in the area, the houses are and temporary materials. mostly made of mud block walls, without a foundation and with either iron sheet or burnt tile roofs. i.e.: Foundation/floor: Stones, un burnt brick with mud, cement screed, ram reed earth 3.7.2 Housing conditions and quality: Three types of housing can be distinguished in Gatuna border town center according to the type of Wall: Stabilized burnt bricks with mud or cement, burnt brick with mud materials used for their construction (for the foundation, roof and wall). These include: Roof: Tiles, iron sheet a. Permanent dwelling buildings: Permanent buildings are those built out of construction materials that Photo 15. Semi permanent house in grouped settlement in Nyarwambu cell can maintain their stability for more than 50 years i.e.: Foundation/floor: Concrete, stones with cement mortar, cement screed
Wall: Cement blocks, stabilized (burnt) bricks.
Roof: Modern iron sheets, reinforced concrete
Source: Rwanda Construct , Field survey, February 2015
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
5 Temporary dwelling units: temporary dwelling buildings are those that are built with materials that Semi detached House: Housing units with one or two bedroom units sharing one or two walls cannot maintain their stability for more than three years. and with sanitary facilities located outside the house. i.e.: 3.7.3 Informal settlement Foundation/floor: Mud and wood pole
Wall: Mud and wood poles Due to the lack of proper planning structures, the growth and development of informal settlements in the Roof: Tiles, old iron sheet study area is imminent as the population of the area increases and competition for scarce land resources becomes intense. The following pictures portray the different housing conditions within the study areas. The growth of these settlements is already visible in the market centers as development of commercial Photo 16.Illustration on different housing conditions and residential and other land use is not well coordinated. This has led to conflicts in use and accessibility to services and other related challenges including crowding and substandard housing structures in the areas. The growth of these informal settlements is particularly at a high risk of spreading in the centers of Rukizi and Gatuna.
Photo 17.Informal settlement in Gatuna border town
Source: Rwanda Construct, Field survey, February 2015
For this study, the other housing typology considerations area defined and explained below Source: Rwanda Construct , Field survey, February 2015 Mansion: A residential housing unit with more than three bedrooms located inside the house and In order to limit the growth and spread of these informal settlements, urban planning structures and an annexed servants quota located within its own compound and usually has a ground and top mechanism that need to be put in place should clearly demarcate the different land uses and set clear floor. guidelines for the allocation of land uses and building codes. Additional regulations on the acceptable Bungalow: A residential housing units located within its own compound and usually comprises building structures and building materials will also need to be developed in order to regulate the type of of more than three bedrooms and an annexed servants quota. The difference between the mansion houses and structures that are acceptable for either residential, commercial or other uses. and the bungalow is that the bungalow has no upper floors. Detached House: A housing unit standing alone within a plot with at most two bedrooms and separate sanitary facilities located outside the house.
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
3.8. Challenges of urbanization in the Study area 3.8.2 Unplanned urban settlements/ scattered rural settlements With the rapid rate of development and development overtaking planning in some areas, there is likely to The district has laid its fundamental urbanization prospects in Gicumbi town and Gatuna border. But at be a challenge in the restructuring and planning of already existing urban centers in the study area and a District level ,there is Lack of proper urban planning and development tools, Quality Assurance proliferation of informal activities within these areas. Already there are pockets of conflicts in the land Monitoring Mechanism on the status and way ahead towards the development of the urban centers and uses in some of these centers and if left unchecked this could have severe implications in the future. towns, affordable housing due to expensive building materials with Limited Private Sector Participation in the urbanization process( DDP, 2013-2018). 3.8.3 Health and environmental pressure due to infringement on fragile areas As the urban areas grow naturally due to the lack of planning regulations to govern their growth, they are Urbanization in Rwanda and the study area in particular are on the increase as more and more people are likely to infringe on other areas which are not suitable locations for urban activities including areas for moving from rural areas in search of the opportunities available in the urban areas and in order to live in agriculture and environmental protection. In the planning of these urban areas and with the projected the urban lifestyles which are considered more fulfilling and rewarding. The main attractions to the trends in their growth and development, it is necessary to prevent these foreseeable challenges as they urban areas can be summarized as the ease to accessibility to decision making, ease of accessibility to are likely to have adverse health and other social implications. information, ease of accessibility to professionals, ease of accessibility to resources and ease of access to better lifestyles and trends. 3.8.4. The topography of study area As said in the point 3.2 of this chapter, the topography of study area is not easy for urbanization, As more and more people migrate to the urban areas therefore there are resultant challenges that emanate especially in term of construction. The major area is steepest where30% is suitable and 70 percent is from the influx of populations from the rural areas particularly in the context of the study areas where a unsuitable for urbanization. large part of the area is rural and the areas considered urban are still semi rural and unspecialized areas meaning that they are yet to fully attain the structures and facilities that enable them support urban 3.8.5. The size of national road and existing built-up town populations. According to the road act, low no.55/2011 of 14/12/2011 governing roads in Rwanda, the national road and international roads area width have to be 44 m. It means that from the center line activities have to In the face of the above therefore, the main challenges likely to be associated with urbanization in the be on 22m. study area will include: In reality, the town of Gatuna and even elsewhere in hilly region, infrastructures and building are close 3.8.1 Overstretching of key resources particularly water and electricity to the road as behind of them there is no area. The challenge is bigger here in Gatuna border town, As populations increase in the urban areas the demand for resources will definitely also increase as the because the main center buildings are within road area of 22m as stated in the road act said above hand people demand for basic services and facilities to enable them do their daily business and other have to be destroyed. activities. The challenge in meeting this demand will put immense pressure on the local authorities particularly as some of the areas where urbanization will occur are currently not serviced by any infrastructure.
Increased demand and competition for resources particularly land.
Land is a key factor of production and with the limited availability of land there is bound to be conflict in its use and management. As the urban areas continue to grow and with an influx of specialized land uses, there is likely to be an increase in the value and hence prices of land which will mean that this resource will no longer be accessible to this key resource.
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
3.9. SWOT analysis Art transformation technology for products, livestock constraint (Blessed dairies industry and art products, forests) Table 8: Detailed analysis of SWOT -Low level of Factory) -Importation of raw education Sector Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats materials is possible -Lack of strategic -Insufficient of -People are -Lack of the good -Climate favorable for - High steep Agriculture and -Existing of arts plan for industry -Existing of financial social and interested in programme for agriculture and slope area which livestock activities (sewing and art institutional which economic agriculture agriculture and livestock is favorable for activities and can facilitate to get on infrastructures activities livestock erosion carpentry) credits
-Production of -Existing of varies -Low agriculture compost materials is -Insufficient of Energy and -Utilization of -Accessibility to -Existing of sources -Insufficient of crops (Maize, sweet production possible inputs for Water varies sources of water and energy of water which can be income for potato, wheat, agriculture and energy (peat, solar is limited improved people sorghum and beans) livestock energy, electricity) -Insufficient of -Existing of pathways -Solar energy -Insufficient of
population which can be used in equipment‟s can be added value for -Existing of attracted by production trading -Agriculture for accessible forest resources different categories livestock food
of livestock
-Favorable area for Infrastructures -Existing of -Lack of layout -Existing of clay soil -Insufficient of
cultivation of export -Lack of and Buildings commercial center development plan can be used for bricks financial crop (Tea) infrastructure for making ressources value increase Commercial, -Existing of -Lack of hotel -Existing of financial -Insufficient of Hotel and commercial centers infrastructures institutions (BPR) income sources - To develop the Tourism agriculture and -Insufficient of -The small market can -Budgetary livestock livestock for be improved constraint cooperatives is production of -Transport companies -Insufficient of possible compost new and -Existing of innovative communication ways activities Industry and -Existing of -Lack of -Existing of raw -Budgetary industry for milk adequate materials (agriculture Transport and -Existing of main -Lack of the taxi -Existing of small -Topography and
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Communication road parks roads which can be wetland are improved obstacle to the -Construction roads - Availability of materials are available -Lack of construction movement of people maintenance of and goods the road from -Political willing Rwankonjo cell to Nyarwambu Health -Existing of Gatuna -Insufficient of - Political willing -Long distance to cell Health Post qualified health achieve of health -Involvement of centers center of Rubaya Financial -Existing of BPR -Insufficient of -Commercial -Low level of different partners institutions and and BK branches financial activities activities which (Religious, District enterprises institutions can be increased and Central -Existing of raw the income government) materials which can sources be used for industry Social services -Existing of -To increase the -Existing of VUP -Lack of the sector development cooperatives number of training centers -Existing of such as cooperatives - Varies crops can be cooperatives : -Lack of cultivated and their Agakiriro IJWIRYABAGABO, harvest can be also BERWA, -Low sources improved COOPEDUGA, income Education and -Existing of - -Existing schools can -Limited number COOPTHE, training nursery, primary be extended of none COOTHEVEN and secondary agriculture jobs Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015 schools -Insufficient of -Availability of spaces schools and their for construction of equipment‟s other schools
-Availability of
qualified teachers
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Infrastructure development - Science and technology, including CHAPTER IV: URBAN POLICY Productive and Market Oriented Agriculture ICT FRAMEWORK AND EXISTING STUDIES Regional and International Economic integration. Source: MINECOFIN 2000
ON GATUNA BORDER TOWN Since it is predicted in the report of MINECOFIN 2000, that the urbanization rate which will increase from 10 to 30% of the population by 2020, the objectives of the vision 2020 in regard to human 4.1 Introduction settlement and urbanization taken into account during the implementation process of Gatuna Border town are summarized as follows: As stated in the Law governing Urban Planning and Building in Rwanda (Article 5 & 6), the aim of urban planning shall be progressive and provisional development of agglomerations within the Having urbanization master plans and particular development plans for towns; framework of economic and social development policy, rural planning and environmental protection; Using urban land according to adopted plans; and the objective of building planning shall be to promote the harmonization of professional practice in Developing basic infrastructure in urban areas and other rural development zones ; construction; it shall ensure the construction of safe, well maintained, well planned, environmentally Decentralizing economic activities within the country. sound and fit-for-purpose buildings that conform to economic and social development policies of Rwanda. For those objectives the development of the Land use plan that contain the concept ideas of 4.2.2 Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS II) The development plan of Gatuna Border town will consider the objectives of the EDPRS II in regard to Gatuna Spatial development plan is based on but not limited to the urban planning techniques and human settlement and management of public property: principals, consultative activities with respect to the pillars and objectives of national and international policies, strategies, laws and regulations related and geared to a sustainable overall development with a Planning and development of improved human facilities in both rural and urban areas; strong focus on the urban and human settlement developments within the targeted area. It is based also to Sustainable rational use of land and environment protection; the Existing and ongoing developments projects that are conceived or developed on the site. Designing urban master plans; Construction of grouped settlements (Imidugudu) 4.2 Policy framework for urban development plan Restructuring of seven districts where the population suffer from bad living conditions; 4.2.1 Vision 2020 Accommodating public facilities into comfortable buildings in accordance with the need for rapid and quality services. The Government of Rwanda through the declaration on its general policies set itself key objectives for long-term development known as « vision 2020 ». Those objectives are as follow: 4.2.3 Gicumbi District Development Plan 2013-2018 4.2.3.1 Vision of the district Table 9: Pillars and Cross-cutting areas of vision 2020
Pillars of the VISION 2020 Cross-cutting areas of VISION 2020 In its vision, Gicumbi district hopes to be a community characterized by social harmony, with Good governance and a capable state - Gender equality appropriate basic Infrastructure, offering various quick services based on innovation and modern Human resource development and a knowledge based - Protection of environment and technology, a market oriented economy based on a developed agri-business on the valorisation of the economy sustainable natural resource district‟s bicultural wealth, in an attractive and neat environment. Adequate Human Settlement and Urbanization management A private sector-led economy
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This district vision draws from the strengths of the district as a mostly agricultural zone in which spatial These priorities identified by district development plan are interactive pillars in setting the vision of and socio-economic infrastructure needs to be developed in order to ensure harmony in the development Gatuna Border town basically in Water and sanitation, Transportation, roads construction and of the district. It is on the basis of this district objective that this study scales down the vision to develop maintenance, energy and information and communication technology. the particular vision of the study area. 4.2.4 Sectorial Strategies for the Ministry of Infrastructure 4.2.3.2 Objectives of the District Development Plan The document includes objectives relating to human settlement and urbanization, namely:
The report of Gicumbi district Development plan shows that the fundamental objective underlying the Developing housing, construction and maintenance of public buildings; development of this DDP is to develop the Gicumbi District Development Plan for the next five years Developing sufficient building plots, in terms of both quality and quantity; (2013-20128), on the basis of priorities expressed by the district stakeholders. The latter are therefore Reinforcing institutions in charge of human settlement financing called upon to identify and prioritize problems which hinder their development and participate in Designing urban master plans for human settlement identifying possible solutions. The various intervening parties in the region shall utilize it as a tool to Promoting blocked settlement (Imidugudu); intensify their activities. The targeted overall objective is to increase the revenue of each home and Making building plots available and; better the quality of the population in general but particularly that of the majority poor as expressed in Improving unplanned residential areas. the thematic areas. The objectives of This Sectorial strategies of MININFRA are the key for setting the objectives of the development 4.2.3.3 Specific Objectives of Gicumbi DDP of Gatuna border town.
4.2.5 Millennium Development Goals for Africa i. Ensuring all stakeholders has common vision for the district‟s development. ii. It clarifies the roles of stakeholders, to show clearly who does what, with whom, when, how, The 11th objective of the 2005 millennium declaration set the right way for future urbanization trend. where, and with what means. This study will consider this goal this especially its content on urbanization. “we acknowledge that we iii. To promote co-ordination between stakeholders and to promote efficiency so that partners are absolutely called upon to promote affordable housing and basic infrastructure for the homeless; can combine resources (human, financial, logistical, etc) to reduce duplication and promote prevent forced evictions that are contrary to the law and make it possible for the whole population, synergy. especially the poor and vulnerable groups access to the information on laws that govern housing iv. To promote co-ordination, harmonization and alignment whilst ensuring continuity even with operations, including rights recognized by the law and resorts open to them in the event those laws are institutional changes. violated.” Increasing the number of people having access to electricity and land security, augmenting the number of vocational training centers and creating non- agricultural employments, will be among 4.2.3.4 The top priorities priorities of the settlement sub sector. The tops five priorities set by Gicumbi district in its visioning development plan were be the base of planning of Gatuna border town development plan. With respect to these policies and strategies geared to the proper urban and human settlement development, the proposal development plan especially taken as Conceptual zoning plan was proposed Water and sanitation for inciting public participations for their constructing inputs and comments. Transport, roads construction and maintenance
Energy 4.3 Existing studies on the study area Agriculture and livestock Information and Communication Technology
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The study area has been identified as ideal areas to spur sustainable and rapid urbanization and economic It is within the above context, that the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MINICOM) intends to support development. Therefore a number of development studies have been done or are being done on this area. initiatives to construct cross-border markets in Gatuna Border town Among them we have Integrated Gicumbi district Development plan (Situation analysis of Land use) As it is depicted in the following figure 22 and 23, the cross border market site is located just in the main being done by Rwanda Natural Resources Authority, Cross border market which is being done by center of Gatuna border town. This will play a big role in accelerating the development of this area both MINICOM, One border post being done by RTDA and feasibility study for Water distribution plan And spatially and economically. Rehabilitation of Rubogora Water source in Sector of Cyumba and Kaniga being Done by MULTICONSTRUCT company. Figure 21: Cross border market Design
4.3.1 Cross Border Market Study
As it is conceptualized in the study of Cross border market of Gatuna, Cross-border trade is trade in legitimately produced goods and services between neighboring countries. Most often refers to trade that takes place close to the borders. For Rwanda, CBT refers to trade with Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Tanzania and Uganda. CBT can be either formal or informal and includes trade in agricultural produce, manufactured goods and re-exports. (MINICOM website)
A good deal of Rwanda‟s CBT is informal. Informal trade is trade which is not officially recorded due to the small quantities traded. It is important to stress that informal trade is not synonymous with illegal trade. Women traders make up the majority of informal cross-border traders (74%) in the Great Lakes Source: MINICOM_ Cross border Market Study 2015 Region (UNWOMEN, 2012). Figure 22: Cross border market site location on Orthophoto Cross-border trade is important for a number of social and economic reasons. Firstly, neighboring countries are important exports markets for both the formal and informal exports and already account for a sizable portion of Rwanda‟s total trade. For informal trade, CBT is important from a poverty and gender perspective. For formal trade, CBT offers the best opportunity for non-exporting firms to enter the export market.
For small, predominately informal producers and traders, inadequate market infrastructure including storage increase wastage along the supply chain and increase costs of goods in Rwandan markets close to the border. This negatively impacts on Rwanda‟s cross-border exports. The construction of improved market and storage facilities will provide wider marketing opportunities for producers by encouraging an increase in supply and quality. Markets close to the border will also improve opportunities and safety for traders, helping to keep the price of goods competitive for sale across the border. The market infrastructure will lead to higher volume of trade and less wastage and spoilage. Source:MINICOM_2015,RNRA_orthophoo2008/2009,Adapted by Rwanda Construct, 2015
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Map 13: Location of Cross border Market in Study area
Source: MINICOM_2015, RNRA_orthophoo2008/2009, Adapted by Rwanda Construct, 2015
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4.3.4 Gatuna one border post study The World Bank funded Project of “Preparation of the designs and bidding documents of the 4.3.2 One Stop Border post (OSBP) construction works for the establishment of a juxtaposed one-stop border post at Gatuna” currently One Stop Border Post (OSBP) is a border facility that combines two stops for national border control being done by NEW Plan Limited company under working contract of Rwanda Transportation processing into one and consolidates border control functions in a shared space for exiting one country Development Agency (RTDA). and entering another. The detailed design report of Gatuna OSBP (December 17, 2014) provides some of the following summary in its detailed plan. It uses simplified procedures and joint processing wherever appropriate. The aim of OSBPs is to reduce transit costs incurred in cross-border movement by combining the activities of both country‟s border Location: The Gatuna border post is located approximately 95 Km north of the Rwanda capital city of organizations and agencies at either a single common location or at a single location in either direction Kigali. without increasing risk to public safety or revenue collection. Site Conditions: The site for the development of the proposed OSBP is the one on which the Border 4.3.3 What OSBPs mean to Rwandans? Zone currently sits. Narrow in the south (entry point from Kigali), it widens towards the North West as one leaves the border zone towards Uganda. This site can be considered generally flat although th According to article published on 12 January 2015, in New times journal, One Stop Border Posts bordering it on the west is a steep hill and a swamp on the east. The border partly sits on a portion of a (OSBPs) are being introduced on the Rwandan common borders with other EAC Partner States include wetland previously reclaimed. Gasenyi-Nemba border (Burundi-Rwanda), Gatuna and Katuna (Rwanda-Uganda) and Rusumo OSBP between Rwanda and Tanzania, Kagitumba and Mirama Hills, Kanyaru-Akanyaru border (Burundi- Existing Facilities and Structures: The border post comprises of Customs, Immigration and other Offices Rwanda), some are in progress or under construction and others have been operationalized to address which due to their small size are not suitable for the desired OSBP. Furthermore some of the offices are one of the main delaying factors on major transport corridors. housed in temporary structures i.e. goods containers that do not offer the appropriate space required for smooth functioning of the Border Post. In its current state, the Gatuna Border Post may be unable to They combine two stops into one and consolidate functions in a shared work space for exiting one handle the expected levels and volume of business. country and entering another thus reducing travel time for passengers and freight vehicles.
These OSBPs enable border agencies from Rwanda neighboring EAC Partner States to perform joint Sitting: The site‟s arterial route (existing) has been maintained with the requisite facilities i.e. buildings controls that can result in benefits to security, trade facilitation and human mobility. and parking placed on the eastern side of the existing Gatuna- Katuna Road. The by-pass route which is a requirement for the OSBP arrangement has been provided for this OSBP. It is located along the eastern OSBPs facilitate mobility of persons and, by reducing time loss, can also reduce the cost of transport for boundary of the Site. shippers and goods to consumers accruing economic benefits across the national economic spectrum Building Organization: To allow for optimal use of the available space and efficient collaboration between the different departments, a single conjoined building has been proposed. All spaces have been In Rwanda, the Gasenyi/Nemba OSBP linking Rwanda and Burundi is fully operational. “There is a big provided with an external façade so as to allow in natural ventilation and lighting. The facilities provided improvement ever since the facility started operating with time taken being currently reduced to less than in this Detailed Design include; Customs, Immigration, Security, Health, Agriculture and Bureau of 40 minutes since everything including police is housed under a single facility”. Standards. Auxiliary facilities like warehouse, restaurant, financial institutions and rest rooms have also been provided. The main or regular operations requiring public interface are located on the ground floor they include Immigration, Customs, Police, Health, Financial Institutions and the Public Washrooms.
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The departments for Agriculture, Bureau of Standards together with the auxiliary facilities like meeting rooms, archives, restaurant, and restrooms are on the first floor. Also on this floor are other offices requiring less public interface or more private operations. As required, the design proposals of the OSBP have taken into account the needs, requirements and comments from the Stakeholders. It should be noted that because of space constraints the verification shed is an outdoor single slot feature with space allowing for the inspection of vehicles. It is also provided with a shed to enable continuity of verification in harsh weather conditions. It has been designed to service the truck parking area where most vehicles are subject to close inspection. It was agreed that where necessary, mobile equipment for example dais/ platform shall be used in this space. The area may also be used for ordinary truck parking in the event that there is a need.
The details of planned infrastructure space allocation are provided in Appendix5
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CHAPTER V. CONCEPTUAL Figure 23: Interactive process for setting vision of Gatuna town DEVELOPMENT OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN
5.1 Gatuna border town vision and function
Gatuna border town vision has been developed through an interactive and consultative process bringing together the different regional and national development objectives that influence the development of Gatuna border town. This vision is therefore a culmination of the national, regional and local visions covering the study area and borrows from the Vision 2020 and the Gicumbi District Development Plan. In addition to the above, the vision is also influenced by the existing studies that have been developed on the Gatuna border town. It is also conceived basing on the future plans as how the Gatuna border town hopes to be structured spatially and socio-economically in terms of the nature of relationships between the different development components.
5.1.1 Vision Gatuna border town vision is set to be “a well spatially organized town with economic development equity, socially integrated people, sport and cultural development, transportation and touristic and accommodating town, with a best responding good governance”. Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015 5.1.2 Function Gatuna border town function will be derived from the vision of the town and even of District 5.2 Land use proposal/Zoning plan development plan as well as government vision 2020. In that line it is seen that the function of Gatuna The proposed land use development plan of Gatuna border town represents a spatial manifestation of the border town is Business oriented town with a task of accommodating transit tourists. vision for the area and an indication of how the plan will be achieved through the distribution and
allocation of different land uses in the area.
The land use development proposals are made on the following platforms which reflect the vision of the study area:
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Table 10: Platforms which reflect to the vision of Gatuna border town Urban sub-core residential zone: this is the urban residential zone situated in ring zones. This Socially To have a socially all inclusive and self sustainable society manifested in zone is conceived to host a great number of urban dwellers who want to be a bit away from the mixture of residential typology town center in order to avoid noise from town activities. Urban off core residential zone: the peripheral zones of town where preferably high income Economic To be an economically sufficient zone with equal opportunities to all people live ,it is a one with housing development of high and medium rise found development Residential apartment Zone: For the maximum use of land, towns in Rwanda have option to use Sport and culture To have sufficient playground and to promote cultural initiative to maintain residential apartment as solution, this zone in Gatuna border town will host the housing Rwandan value development which can shelter a significant number of population in one house.
Environmental To be an area where environment sustainability is a key pillar for 5.2.1.2 Commercial zone development The heart of the town as the township activities are developed in this zone, it is a zone where business are concentrated. This zone is subdivides into two zones:
Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015 Inner core commercial zone /CBD: the main center of the town, there basics of function of town are present, the zone of business and other main activities of town. These proposed land uses are made on the backdrop of a consultative process between the concerned Off core commercial zone: these zone area conceived in this report as zone for facilitating stakeholders in the development of the study area as well as taking into account other development residential neighbourhoods far from core center commercial zone instruments available in the area.
5.2.1.3 Publics facilities, administrative and institutional zone Development instruments that were consulted in the preparation of the land use plan are the Cross border market designed and conceived by MINICOM, Gicumbi District integrated Land use plan, one border The urban important zone which holds utilities, amenities and services of urban area. It is a zone which post study designed by RTDA. These studies and documents consulted influenced the formulation and globalises all social infrastructures, governmental institutions, public utilities, public services and layout of land uses proposed for the study as well as strategies proposed for socio- economic administrative activities. development of the area.
5.2.1.4 Recreational zone 5.2.1 Land use Zoning plan concept The zone which is important for the town development, it includes stadium, local playgrounds, 5.2.1.1 Residential zone gymnasiums and some places dedicated to sports. Residential zone which hosts the dwellings of urban population in term of shelters is divided into three groups: 5.2.1.5 Open spaces, green space and public Green Park Open space is any open piece of land that is undeveloped (has no buildings or other built Urban core residential zone: this zone is conceived to be around the main commercial node structures) and is accessible to the public. Open space can include: Green space, Schoolyards, (CBD) of town and other possible main commercial neighbourhoods. It is a zone where urban Playgrounds, Public seating areas, Public plazas and vacant lots. Open space provides dwellers mainly with low incomes, people who want to be near their business and those ones recreational areas for residents and helps to enhance the beauty and environmental quality of who mix the business and their shelters are settled. neighbourhoods. Green space: land that is partly or completely covered with grass, trees, shrubs, or other vegetation. Green space includes buffers, community gardens, and cemeteries.
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A green park: is an area of open space provided for recreational use, usually owned and 5.2.1.11 Reserved land maintained by a local government. The reserved land was planned in the development of Gatuna Border town to ensure the reserve place for future unintended development which can‟t know up to now. Even if this category of land use is important in urban areas, many towns in Rwanda miss them. To 5.2.1.12 Forest make Gatuna border town more livable and attractive this land use category were included. Some of existing forest were maintained and will play an important role in environmental development
5.2.1.6 Special economic Zone: of town by allowing the digestion and consummation of town gas like carbon dioxide (CO2) from cars and other burning engines and machines. The so called special economic zone in Gatuna border town plan is all spaces preserved by the existing studies of Cross border market and One Stop border post stated in the chapter four above. That zone will 5.2.1.13 Agriculture be the boosting factor of Gatuna border town and all main economic activities will be. There is no town without agriculture; this zoning was designed to respond to the urban problem in terms
5.2.1.7 General processing industry zone of vegetables and fruits consummation.
The zone is conceived to host only food processing factories .this zone will play a big important factor in The distribution of land uses as general zoning plan is shown below: the economy of Gatuna Border town.
5.2.1.8 Light industry zone
The zone is planned to host various handcraft such as furniture, welding, carpentry, braids, bracelet,
This zone will play a big important factor in the economy of Gatuna Border town because it will be an answer for all traditional work result need by tourists.
5.2.1.9 Hotel and tourism zone
Gatuna border town need the accommodation and leisure places for boosting its development in accordance to the vision 2020,the hotel and tourism zone have been planned to ensure the solution to the need of accommodation and leisure especially for the tourists and travellers and as well too anyone who need to rest and take off the holidays.
5.2.1.10 Protected zone
The sustainable development of town needs the respect of the environment. The protected zone includes wetland a steepest slope land that is not able to be settled on or cultivated.
The town of Gatuna border town development will respect and conserve the wetland and the steepest slope that are not accessible in term of construction. And therefore it is planned that that steepest land will convert in reforest.
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Map 14: Zoning plan of study area
Source: Rwanda Construct 2015
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5.3 Detailed Land use plan for immediate implementation Table 11: Distribution of current and proposed detailed land uses in the area
After the general zoning plan of the study area, as the term of reference suggest, it was recommended to Coverage Coverage in produce a plan which give in detail the physical spatial development of Gatuna border town for No. Land use area in ha % immediate implementation of master plan. 1 Urban sub core residential zone 20.574 3.295073 2 Urban off core residential zone 92.067 14.74503 That detail plan was prepared basing on suitability analysis exercise for allocating land use activities in 3 Urban core residential zone 15.205 2.435231 compatible way. It is prepared also basing on the law especially new Ministerial order n° 04/cab.m/015 4 urban multifamily apartment 3.499 0.560457 of 18/05/2015 determining urban planning and building regulation, specifically in its annex of Urban 5 Urban core commercial zone 9.182 1.470552 planning Code on which we base in setting the size standards and requirements of utilities and services in urban area. 6 Off core commercial zone 9.288 1.487546 7 Protected zone 229.342 36.73032 The detail plan indicates all access roads, all plots for different uses, residential in subcategories, 8 Green space and public park 38.746 6.205439 commercial zone in subcategories, public services and infrastructures, administrative, reserved places, 9 Recreational zones 10.735 1.719267 conserved zones forest, 10 Reserved land 16.083 2.575765 5.3.1 Suitability analysis and land use activities 11 General processing industrial zone 1.733 0.277581 allocation 12 light industrial zone 0.877 0.140476 The detailed Land use plan has been produced basing on land use suitability analysis from general 13 Infrastructures & services zone 31.132 4.985971 zoning map. This exercise has been done through various consultative processes with local residents, 14 Hotel and tourism zone 5.111 0.818576 direct beneficiaries and many different stakeholders. The collection of ideas and their analysis results in 15 Existing forest 40.999 6.566123 determination of proposed land use activities allocation for a better well organised town. 16 Road area 99.819 15.98651 Allocation of land for different uses must be accomplished with foresight and anticipation of future Total requirements. 624.395 100 Space allocations for various facilities such as housing and health centers, schools and social halls Source: Rwanda Construct 2015 should be made, bearing in mind that one generation may contribute for substantial benefit of a subsequent one‟ . To work out the future spatial requirement for the various facilities and utilities, the prediction of the magnitude and numbers of these facilities must be based upon planning standards.
The planning standards used in this document for land uses allocations are based mainly on Urban Planning Code published as annex document of new Ministerial order n° 04/cab.m/015 of 18/05/2015 determining urban planning and building regulation and other national and international urban safety related laws and regulations . Furthermore we combine the ideas of local residents as first beneficiaries of the projects, main stakeholders, district technicians and authorities to create a cohesive and integrated land use plan.
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Map 15: Detailed Land use plan of Study area
Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015
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With the above land uses (Protected, residential, tourism and commercial) are forming the core of the Urban off core Kagera Rwankonjo land uses proposed, the needs of the people as well as those of the environment are catered for through Gatuna ,Nyarwamb having provisions for the people to settle in decent settlements while having space for agricultural ,Rukizi, u, Mulindi production and protection of fragile areas. Other land uses have been proposed to promote economic Gisunzu, development and well being of the residents of the area as a key factor of having sustainable income and Kabeza , economic empowerment and include commercial, industrial and tourism areas proposed. Other land uses Mushun such as public purpose, administrative and recreation uses have been proposed to enhance the social ga wellbeing and proper functioning of the society. Apartments Gatuna Rwankonjo Pilote apartments will be Table 12: Land use activities allocation establish in Gatuna
Proposed Locatio village,and other will be No Land use activities n comment coming after and be establish in various Village Cell allowable residential
Cross border zones (see zoning market Gatuna Rwankonjo regulations)
One border post Gatuna Rwankonjo Proposed high Gatuna Rwankonjo Proposed to be excellent school + primary school to stop childrens
Retail and Gatuna Rwankonjo school going in Uganda for grocery Shops looking better schools or education Neighborhood Rwankonjo Infrastructure, commercial services, cultural centers Gatuna Rwankonjo Urban core administrative Abattoir Gisunzu Mulindi commercial Day care & Each Rwankonjo There are two daycare and And zones Taxis park Gatuna Rwankonjo nursery schools village nursery schools in Gatuna institutions village, one at the top of Urban core zone Gatuna Rwankonjo Mukono mountain, ,Rukiza another near ADEPR Kagera Gatuna Residential Urban sub core Gatuna Rwankonjo Zones ICT centers Gatuna Rwankonjo zone Rukizi ,Kagera ,Kagera Police station Gatuna Rwankonjo
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Fire station Gatuna Rwankonjo Green zones brigade Wetland buffer Preserve a buffer on woman center Kagera Rwankonjo, wetland to minimize water ,Kabeza pollution
Youth center Kagera Rwankonjo Road buffer ,Gatuna Water drain Proposed Gatuna, Rwankonjo buffer primary and Kagera High voltage nursery school electrical buffer Public cemetery Gisunzu Mulindi Industrial Processing Gatuna Rwankonjo Community Hall Rukizi Rwankonjo zone industry
Cultural center Gatuna, Rwankonjo Light industry + Rukizi Kagera Agakiriro
Recreational Stadium Gatuna Rwankonjo At the top of Mukono Garage and Rukizi Rwankonjo zones mountain vehicle spare parts Gymnasium Gatuna Rwankonjo Hotel and Hotel Gatuna Rwankonjo At top of Mukono Local Mushun Mulindi, tourism ,Mushun mountain, another in playground ga, Nyarwambu ga Town of Gatuna center.. Gisunzu
Green parks Gatuna Rwankonjo Located At top of ,Rukizi Mukono mountain, in Waste landfill Out of study area in
Gatuna center near cross disposal Sewage Out of study area Open and border market for urban treatment plant Green Spaces facility in recreation and relaxation, it is found also Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015 in Kagera, near EAR chur
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5.3.2 Plot needs in Gatuna border town Table 13: Number of plots of residential and commercial zone
No. Number of parcels Number of Parcels The plot need in Gatuna border town is based on population projection in 2035 as it was indicated in 1 Urban sub core residential zone 667 inception part (see table 3). As Gatuna border town is envisioning to host 45 352 populations it needs to 2 Urban off core residential zone 2917 have about 9,070 single family plots. Unfortunately, due to difficulty topography and protected wetland 3 Urban core residential zone 420 which covers a big surface of study area, the resulted number of plots is 4000 plots .Obviously a number 4 urban multifamily apartment 22 of 5070 families miss plots to settle in. Total 4004 In the way of looking solution, the new Ministerial order n° 04/cab.m/015 of 18/05/2015 determining 5 Urban core commercial zone 153 urban planning and building regulation, specifically in its article 3 point2 recommends optimum density in human settlement which is least cost effective. This order allows us to plan the housing typology and 6 Off core commercial zone 238 density that will allows a big number of population to settle in Gatuna border town: in such planning we Total 391 proposed double family in one plot, multifamily apartment that will be on priority area, and we Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015 recommend that any one in inner core residential zone is allowed to build a house that can host a maximum number of population. 5.3 Layouts development for immediate implementation for subzones Furthermore, in the way of looking solution of human settlement, we recommend to increase the extent of Town by involving another Master plan of surrounding zones such as Mulindi zone, zones toward Land use development of Gatuna border town need to be implemented sporadic system.that system Cyumba and Rubaya sector s. needs some specific subarea detailed layout plans to use. The followings are the layout plans of sub zones in Gatuna Border Town: 5.3.3 Plot Subdivision Gtauna and Kagugo1
As it is indicated by the detailed land use plan map below the land subjected to residential and Gisunzu and Ruhita commercial zoning have been subdivided in small standard plots. Referring to new Ministerial order n° Kabeza and Mushunga 04/cab.m/015 of 18/05/2015 determining urban planning and building regulation ,specifically in its Kagera annex of Urban planning Code, the standard size of plot in urban area is 300 sqm which can increase conditionally in some circumstance but not more than 500sqm. Rukizi part1 Rukizi part2 – Kabare – Gashija –Kabaya – Nyakesha – Kagugo2 Principally, the plan determines the residential plots of 300 sqm, commercial pots of 300sqm dimensionally 15 x20 m in size and the infrastructures and services area measures according to the The numbers of plots of these subzones planned for residential and commercial are available in the following table. allowable standards from Urban Planning Code.
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Table 14: Numbers of plots in Gatuna layout plans sub-zones
LAND USE TYPE Gatuna and Gisunzu Kabeza and Kagera Rukizi Rukizi part2 -Kabare - Total Kagugo1 and Ruhita Mushunga part1 Gashija- Kabaya - Nyakesha - Kagugo2
Urban core 146 88 245 479
Residential Urban sub core 119 302 250 671
Urban off core 375 598 602 210 1160 2945
Subtotal/Residential 640 598 602 600 495 1160 4095
Urban core 51 102 153 Commercial Off core 75 32 20 48 65 240
Subtotal/Commercial 126 32 20 48 102 65 393
TOTAL 766 630 622 648 597 1225 4488 Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015
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Map 16: Layout plan of Gatuna and Kagugo1 sub-zone
Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015
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Map 17: Layout plan of Gisunzu and Ruhita sub-zone
Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Map 18: Layout plan of Kabeza and Mushunga sub-zone
Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Map 19: Layout plan of Kagera sub-zone
Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Map 20: Layout plan of Rukizi part1 sub-zone
Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Map 21: Layout plan of Rukizi part2_Kabare_Gashija_Kabaya_Nyakesha and Kagugo2
Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015
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5.5 Housing development planning 5.5.3 Single family housing model a. Single stand house type one The housing development plan encompass the plan for housing models desires for future development Plot size: 15mx20m of Gatuna Border town, technical engineering and architectural designs for implementation on specific Main dwelling unit: sectors of the proposed land use plan and they are based upon suitability and cost considerations Three bedrooms factoring in the land use and zoning guidelines developed in this study. The interpretation of the designs One living room can be done through an analysis of the bill of quantities together with the proposed implementation and costing plan for the proposed projects in the study area. Annex: 5.5.1 Categories of housing models within different residential densities One kitchen Based on the survey conducted by Rwanda Housing Authority around the country, different types of One toilet houses found in surveyed areas are classified in four categories; considerations given to the type of One servant‟s room materials the houses are made of (RHA 2012): One stock Category A: Houses constructed in burnt bricks or cement blocks; Figure 24: Single standing house type 1 Category B: Houses constructed in mud mortar blocs; Category C: Houses constructed in processed wood (mostly timber-Imbaho); Category D: Houses constructed in wood logs/wooden sticks (ibiti).
Based on these housing categories, durability and availability of construction materials, houses of categories A & B are noticed to be the most appropriated for urban dwelling units in Gatuna border town: The houses of category A would be suited for urban core residential (principally medium rise, low rise and semi detached house without forgetting some single family villas). Houses of category B would be suited for and high density residential plots (15m x 20m) but mud mortar blocs would be improved to hydra form blocks.
5.5.2 Housing model for residential zones
In order to have a social mixture within the Gatuna border town, the provision plan of mixed families and housing models for high density residential zones are to be applied in Gatuna Border town.
The following are the perspectives of types of houses proposed for Gatuna border town development plan. The details for theses houses including architectural plans and bill of quantity for each house are found in appendix 6
Taking into account the family size in Rwanda estimated at 5 persons, components of housing models Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015 each residential area are as follow:
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015 b. Single family housing model type two Figure 25: Single standing house type2 The single family model type two was planned as alternative to the type one, and it is proposed for the response to the eventually wind hazards especially in the residential and commercial zones located at the mountain of Mukono
Plot size: 15mx20m Main dwelling unit: Three bedrooms One living room
Annex: One kitchen One toilet One servant‟s room One stock
Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015
c. Single family medium rise housing model
High standing dwelling units are typically one to two stories (G+1) and are proposed in Gatuna border town in the purpose of:
Preserving and promoting neighbourhoods of single dwellings for individual households at low densities, Preserving and promoting neighbourhood liveability and protect the dweller's choices in housing.
The sites of the low density residential zones were defined taking into account their protection from commercial vehicle traffic and the effects associated with medium and high density residential districts by fostering quiet seclusion, fewer moving and stationary vehicles, larger yards, and fewer people.
As mentioned above, dwelling units in low density residential zones are designed for single family, thus it would have the following characteristics:
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Single story: Figure 26: Medium rise housing model Minimum 4 bedrooms + attached bathrooms/toilets One shared bathroom/toilet inside the house One inside kitchen One store One office Other rooms for different functions as possibility offers Two stories: o Ground Floor: Minimum two bedrooms Common toilet Sitting room Dining room Porch Kitchen Work area o First Floor: Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015 Minimum two bedrooms
Attached toilets 5.5.4 Double family housing model Upper living
Balcony Semi-detached dwelling units in Gatuna border town area will consists of pairs of houses built side by
side as units sharing a party wall and usually in such a way that each house's layout is a mirror image of its twin.
One of the major advantages is that since they're smaller and more densely packed, they offer city dwellers an option to renting lofts. Semi-detached dwelling units are smaller than typical detached home, meaning it is almost always cheaper to buy a semi detached home than a fully detached one.
Beside, semi-detached favors the land use maximization, given that they have open spaces on three (front, rear and one side) of the four sides, thus they occupy less surface area than detached dwelling units.
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5.5.4.1 Semi-detached model type one One common bathroom/toilet Proposed on High steepest slope Veranda,
The components of a semi-detached housing model are as follows for one unity: Figure 28: Semi detached house model type 2 Plot 14x40 Three bedrooms One kitchen One store One common bathroom/toilet Veranda Figure 27: Semidetached house model type1
Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015
5.5.5 Development of multi-family residential houses
Living in an urban area is not everyone‟s choice but it is certainly a good option for finding work or being in the heart of a community where there is plenty going on. Multifamily housing units in the form of Apartments & semi-detached might come in handy to remedy the housing problems of those people Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015 and families who would like to live temporary or permanently in Gatuna border town ; nevertheless their 5.5.4.2 Semi-detached housing model type 2 capacities are so limited to organize their own housing in the market, or cope with organizing its upkeep. Proposed on possible gently steep slope to maximize the land This study proposes these affordable housing types (apartment & multiple semi-detached) as a solution Plot size 20x20 to the lack of accommodation that would occur, as Gatuna border town area grows into a bigger town Three bedrooms with increasing inhabitants. Some of the advantages of development of affordable apartments and semi- One kitchen detached dwelling units are as follow: One store
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Apartment development is one of the means for residential land use maximization since the land 5.5.6 Housing model for Commercial zones occupation is oriented upwards Not only are apartments & semi detached much cheaper to run, they are also a profitable business As Gatuna border town is expecting to boost its sector of economy through business, it s planned that the opportunity for investors. business housing have to be developed as well. One of the key advantages of living in an apartment is security for family members in the event 5.5.6.1 Housing model for high scale commercial activities you are traveling or for the expensive house hold goods. Figure 30: house mode for high scale commercial activities Facilities such as power and water backup, An apartment which is part of a large development will have a well maintained garden and landscaping as part of the complex. This will provide space for you and your family to take a stroll and relax. If you are staying in a city where you don‟t have any friends or relatives nearby it‟s always better to go for a flat as you can get acquainted to some of the many families in the apartment or the neighboring semi-detached housing.
Figure 29:House model for multifamily appartment
Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015
Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
5.5.6.2 Housing model for small scale commercial activities
Figure 31: House model for low scale commercial activities
Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
5.6 Beautification and Greening Planning for Gatuna border town Development 5.6.2 Urban forestry in the study area Urban forests would play important roles in social, cultural, economic and environmental development 5.6.1 Beautification and Greening of the study area through benefits such as landscape enhancement, provision of recreational and cultural A town without greening for beautification shall not respond to the sound development of a town. Trees, facilities, erosion control, watershed protection and supply of fruits and fuel wood. grass, plants and flowers play a big important role in aeration of a town and livelihoods as well. As stated in the National Forestry Policy for Rwanda, towns are growing and urban dwellers increasing. Urban greening and beautification are integrated approaches to the planting, care and management of all In the context of Rwanda that is experiencing shortage of land where its population is exponentially vegetation; and creation of a network of richly landscaped environment in urban and peri-urban areas increasing; risks of forgetting practicing urban forestry are high. However, urban forests are not a should be one of key in development of Gatuna Border town. luxury; they constitute an important component of urban environment for the livelihood of urban Urban greening and beautification will encompass essential elements in Gatuna border town, since these population. will have considerable applications in the development of better urban livelihoods and environment Urban forestry must then be developed more than before in Gatuna border town using following within the study area. Briefly, these are: strategies:
Provision of food and fruits Promoting the creation of mandatory boulevards in all trading centres, in Gatuna border town Amenity purposes, including shade, windbreaks, climate amelioration and beautification Identifying potential urban forestry service providers and agreeing on roles and responsibilities; Provision of medicine Developing guidelines for urban and peri-urban tree planting; Agro forestry purposes, such as fodder, soil reclamation and live fences Developing a program for urban forestry based on improved understanding of needs, institutional Flood control roles and capacities and best practices to support service delivery; Air pollution reduction Developing program for planting trees and flowers on roads Wood products Encouraging planting at least 3 trees in plots Gatuna border town greening and Beatification will be developed in following dimensions Creating awareness on value of urban and peri-urban trees; and Urban forests :conservation of existing forest and reforestation Supporting urban authorities with technical support on tree nurseries and tree husbandry and in locating and developing sites in urban and peri-urban areas for tree growing; Urban agriculture: crops production, fruits and vegetables Involving the private sector in managing urban and peri urban forests for leisure and recreation Green parks development : development of public green parks for recreational and relaxation purposes. For a better development of urban forestry within the study areas with respect of environmental Trees planning inside plot: greening of home protection standards, the following general guidelines are proposed by the present Elaboration study of Trees, grass and flowers planting along roads: protecting roads by greening of public places along road Gatuna border town development:
Conservation of protected zone :trees planting or grass development on steepest slope and wetland Species choice In choosing the type of trees or flowers to plant, consider: Open spaces: develop trees or crops on undeveloped or open land Which species:
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The most suitable tree species should depend on soil type and moisture content, aspect and local climate. Hillside agriculture will be practiced as small scale urban agriculture where there is no suitability for Advice on suitability should be taken from local officials in charge of forests to look at what grows well human settlement on small to medium size areas for growing annual crops and tree rising for home in the neighborhood. consumption or sale.
Size and growth rate The crop type will be defined according to the possibility offered by the soil characteristics and Consider how large will the trees become when they are mature to suit the space available, shade houses agricultural technologies applied or the roots affect foundations and roads; how quickly you want the tree to grow and how long you More over we recommend to develop Fruits and Vegetables for commercialization would like it to survive. In general the quicker the growth rate the shorter the lifespan. 5.6.3.2 Valley (wetland) agriculture Tree planting In Study area, there is a wide important wetland of Mulindi. This wetland is divided into 2 parts, on part To plant specimen trees, determine how far apart you want the trees to be when mature. Then decide is protected and another is used as agriculture. whether to plant the exact number required or a group that will be thinned in the future retaining the The buffer zone of this wetland will be estimated to 10 meters and buffer areas will be used for healthiest individuals. horticulture and fruits development or trees planting where soil characteristics offer possibility. Public access 5.6.3.3 Home garden Paths should follow existing „desire lines‟ where people traditionally walk through the area creation of Home garden will play a major role in greening and beautification approaches in the study area. Each new pedestrian. Entrances or access leading on to public roads and footpaths should be provided as home garden will be composed but not limited to three elements: possibility offers taking into consideration local roads authority. Ornamental herbs and flowers Nevertheless, before any creation of an urban forestry in the study area, there should be consultation Two to three even more fruit trees meeting between urban forestry project developers and local officials in charge of forests. Vegetable garden (Akarima k‟igikoni) 5.6.3 Urban agriculture Urban agriculture is the practice of cultivating for food in or around an urban area, strengthening In each home, the area not covered by the main house and annexes, parking and walk ways will be used connections between urban development and land use planning through greening, food security and for home greening with the above mentioned home garden elements. poverty alleviation. The choice for ornamental herbs, fruit trees and vegetables for kitchen garden will depend on soil The current (existing) land use of the study area is characterized by agricultural zones at the rate of 79%, characteristics, personal taste of appreciation and technology applied. the new master plan for the study area is mainly residential, commercial and public facilities zones. Permaculture in the study area Therefore, the present elaboration study will take into consideration urban agriculture as one of the greening approaches and food security for the people of the study area. Permaculture within in Gatuna border town will focus on green beautification of the area incorporating different ornamental object. The urban agriculture in the study area would be classified into three categories:
5.6.3.1 Hillside agriculture: Within the study area, the hillside agriculture will be practiced in compliance with the following guidelines:
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5.6.4 Roadway and parkway beautification Beautifying roadways and parkways, gateway entrances and signage, and lighting are the target aspects 2. Lighting of the study area‟s beautification. This is because these elements are widely visible to all that visit the Lighting is another important aspect in the beautification of the study area‟s public realm. The design of study area, as well as to those living in it. It will help provide a defined character for the community, as lighting structures has a dramatic impact on an area. Elegant lighting is welcoming to the public. Lights well as illustrate a high standard of living. Combined, these elements beautify an area and, in certain that are mounted on black poles are encouraged throughout the urban area because black minimizes their presence in the environment. It also reduces glare and gives higher visibility to traffic signals. The study situations, may increase property values. area will try to implement lighting fixtures that are elegant and timeless throughout parks and streets in the public realm. To enhance roadway medians and parkways, more elaborate landscaping and more attractive lighting will be installed. The present study breaks down the lighting and landscaping components and provides Green parks development specific guidelines for beautifying each: The major problem of towns of Rwanda is public recreational places. People in various Towns in Rwanda enjoy having relaxed and exchanging dialogues in Bars instead of Public green parks because 1. Landscaping they can‟t find public places to sit. Some greens parks found especially in Kigali City are not designed for public purpose, only for beatification. Incorporating an attractive landscape plan on medians is important for the beauty of the surrounding Figure 33: Public green park example community. Planting street trees and other vegetation can greatly enhancing the beauty of a community.
A Sample view of tree aligned street is illustrated below showing views of during the day
Figure 32: Road greening example
Source: Iwww.google.rw/search?q=road+greening&biw, consulted on 14 June 2015
Source: Iwww.google.rw/search?q=road+greening&biw, consulted on 14 June 2015
The diagram above serves as a general landscaping plan, illustrating nicely and poorly landscaped medians. The nice example is at the top, with few trees evenly spaced.
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Gatuna public green parks Figure 35: Proposed Adult green parks with Facilities inside
The present study of Gatuna border town has provided places for Recreational green parks for people recreational and relaxing moment. The proposed places for those activities are located on Mukono Mountains, especially in Gatuna village. The others important places are located in Gatuna village near Cross border market to target the Town business center people.
The following are some model architectural plans
Figure 34: Proposed children Green Park in Gatuna
Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015
More details of architectural plans on public greens are found in annexed document of perspectives plans of infrastructures
Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015
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be determined according to the nature of activities that have to be carried out there. Building closer to CHAPTER VI: GATUNA BORDER TOWN the road must be at: 5m/minimum from the public road2m/minimum from back plot‟s limits Public buildings closer to the road will be constructed at determined distance from the road according to ZONING REGULATION the nature of their activities Compound wall will be constructed in durable materials Maximum wall height will not go beyond 3m 6.1 General considerations and definitions Every plot owners must ensure his/her plot drainage without prejudice to neighbors and every plots must In the smooth running of implementing Gatuna border town, it is recommended to rely on the rules and retain rain waters regulations set below. 6.1.2 Commercial zone 6.1.1 Residential zone This zone is for the commercial premises that is to say services and lodge buildings This is the area reserved for residential houses. While implementing this plan, it will be reserved the 1) Central and nodal business center places to host mixture buildings for different category of people. An Urban Residential zone allows for 2) Off-core commercial area mixed use areas comprising housing and small-scale commercial activities, which do not substantially disturb the housing. The buildings must be at least the G+2 level The urban residential development in Gatuna border town shall distinguish between low rise and mid- Plato ratio will be between 0.4 up to 0.6 rise development zones. Residential zones shall be developed in a mixed-use approach where the sub- Building must be built in 5m from the road in order to offer parking and people‟s circulation categories comprise: The construction party wall is authorized in commercial zone Each plot‟s owners has to do drainage system around his plot without prejudice to neighbors plots 1) Urban core residential zone: this is the urban core mixed use with mid-rise development zones 6.1.3 Special Economic Zones where buildings will have many levels with the minimum of G+1. The plot coverage shall be 0.6; its Special economic zones may comprise commercial, warehouse commercial, light industrial and heavy floor area ratio (FAR) shall be 2.4, density minimum units per hectare shall be between 50-70, setback industrial uses. They may be organized with a specific theme, e.g. as Free Trade Zone, Technology Park, front: max. 6m, and the minimum between detached buildings 0.4*height. Information Technology Park, Industrial Park, or other. Permitted are all commercial activities such as
general manufacturing, processing, assembling, handling, and storing of products and materials, and 2) Urban sub-center residential: The plot coverage shall be 0.5; its floor area ratio (FAR) shall be 1.2, petrol stations. density minimum units per hectare shall be between 30-40, and the minimum between detached The sub-categories to be considered comprise buildings 0.5*height. -Cross border market zone,
3) Off-core residential zone: this is the zone with low rise buildings; the plot coverage shall be 0.4; its -One border post zone, floor area ratio (FAR) shall be 0.8, density minimum units per hectare 20-30, and the minimum between - Industrial zone: is specialized land areas strategically located close to expressways for easy access for detached buildings 0.6*height. heavy vehicles. As it is a district that can generate noise, traffic and pollutants, it is kept away from
Buildings will be constructed in durable or semi- durable material according to the settlement category residential areas. It is established to create a consolidated industrial zone for employment in (standard of life). Plot ratio could not go beyond 0.5 except for semi- buildings include C.O.S which will manufacturing and logistics industries, with imposed nuisance buffer for noise and health safety. Depending on the type of industry, different buffer requirements apply for these industries.
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For Special Industries which are more pollutive industries and are required a larger buffer of 500 m 2) Have a children‟s playground with play equipment; from the nearest residential areas. For General Industries which are not so pollutive are required to be 3) Make small-scale sports possible, e.g. jogging, basketball or football; 100 m away from the nearest residential areas. And for Light Industries which shall not generate large 4) Have places to support passive recreation including seats; quantities of trade effluent or solid waste, and shall also not generate excessive impulsive or continuous 5) Be designed to ensure safety and security during day and night hours noise, and shall also not use large quantities of hazardous substances such as solvents, acids & other 6) Be capable of being used by all the residents in the development chemicals, a buffer of 50m is necessary from the nearest residential district for such industries. But 7) Have naturally shaded areas. Clean Industries which are industries that do not generate air and water pollution and do not generate In recreation zone includes zones of green spaces which are the zones reserved to green spaces that will noise and smell nuisance which can affect surrounding developments, the factories also shall not use be the subject matter of research planning and particular construction, and, that will be subjected to large quantities of hazardous substances such as solvents, acids and other chemicals, no buffer is planners. Their urbanism and construction rules will be elaborated case by case. necessary for such industries. - Protected zone
6.1.4 Public administrative, institutional and service uses This zone includes forest land use, wetland and steepest areas. Forest land uses refer to the planted Institutional and public administration uses include administrative entities, civic service, police, military, forests and woodlands. There may be forest-based industries, dwellings, maintenance and storage posting, judiciary, fire stations, religious, cultural, social, education, health, and recreation facilities. The buildings, and other such uses necessary for the support of forestry. sub-categories to be specified in Land Subdivision Plans are: 1) Education and research 6.1 Zoning regulations for specific land use
2) Health 6.2.1 Residential Use 3) Cultural Table 15: Urban core residential zone
4) Places of Worship REGULATIONS REMARKS 5) Communal 6) Administrative entities and other civic services These regulations shall apply to:
7) Cemeteries and crematoria • All new and redeveloped residential uses within the Urban core residential zone
6.1.5. Open spaces, Green spaces and Public parks zone • Lots zoned or re-zoned for residential uses within the Urban core residential zone) Here include recreational zone and protected areas
- Recreational zone Recreational uses are sports areas and facilities, parks, public squares, boulevards and pedestrian zones. 1. USES Or it includes public open spaces, greenways and green areas, recreation and sports facilities. This may Permitted uses Mixed use be public park land, amusement parks etc. and may be complemented by supporting offices and retail residential buildings(single, double and services necessary for the maintenance of the principle use. There shall be Urban Centre Parks and multifamily apartments), small scale neighborhood parks. Small neighborhood parks shall provide access to basic public space functions, commercial and office buildings, such as play and contact with green in an urban neighbourhood. restaurants, public residential
buildings including hotels, business A neighbourhood park shall: enterprises (e.g. repair shops, small 1) Be accessible to children and elderly in case of the need to cross any primary distributor road;
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workshops of up to 2,000 m2 area, retail, 3. BUILDING administrative uses, cultural, social and Number of floors G+1, minimum recreational uses, gardening, education
facilities, gas stations, religious uses, G (ancillary buildings) health related uses) Floor to floor height 4m maximum
Prohibited uses Industrial uses Building form Detached apartments Major infrastructure Minimum distance 0.4*Height
between detached Conditional uses buildings Standalone food outlet with less than 50
seats 4. BUILDING SETBACK Hotels (incl. its ancillary uses) Building Front: 6 m (max.) Public facilities Convenience stores not exceeding 60m2 Side: 2m (min) of floor area Rear: 4m (max) Home Office recycling centers of up to 1,500 m2 area Ancillary buildings In the front setback along the lot frontage, Ancillary uses Car parking garage May be allowed at the zero setback Guard house provided their width does not exceed Maids‟ quarters 25% of the lot frontage
Outdoor kitchen Other ancillary uses Store rooms May be allowed within the side and rear Maximum Plot size 300sqm, conditionally not more than setbacks 500sqm Are subject to their overall width not 2. COVERAGE exceeding 25% of length of the boundary Plot coverage 0.6 maximum within which they encroach
Floor area ratio 2.4 maximum Between multiple N/A Density min.units/ha 70 buildings on the same Other Min. 20 % of units with non-residential plot use
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5. FENCING AND WALLS Recreational amenities N/A
Location Fencing and walls in the front, side and rear Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015 yards shall be at the perimeter of the plot Table 16: Urban sub-center residential
Heights Rear and side fencing or walls shall not exceed REGULATIONS REMARKS 2.5m in height and front fencing wall should not These regulations shall apply to: exceed 2 m in height • All new and redeveloped residential uses within the Urban sub-center residential Additional height • Lots zoned or re-zoned for residential uses within the Urban sub-center residential Shall be evaluated on case-by-case basis by the One Stop Center 1. USES Materials The front boundary wall Permitted uses Single and double family houses (all types) Shall use the material that allow at least Low rise apartment, townhouse & cluster 50% transparency bungalow development 6. CIRCULATION Complementary clubhouse for housing cluster Pedestrian N/A Prohibited uses Residential apartments exceeding G+3 Public transit N/A General commercial uses
7. SIGNAGE Industrial uses Major infrastructure Permitted One sign located on the fencing wall Conditional uses Standalone food outlet with less than 50 along the front setback seats A maximum of 35cm height x 35cm Hotels (incl. its ancillary uses) width of signage shall be permitted Public facilities Protrusion of the signage must be Convenience stores not exceeding 60m2 of contained within plot boundary floor area
Home Office 8. LANDSCAPING AND RECREATION Ancillary uses Car parking garage Guard house Minimum width N/A Maids‟ quarters Maintenance N/A Outdoor kitchen
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Store rooms Semi-Detached Buildings Plot size 300sqm, conditionally not more than Front: 7 m (min) 500sqm, for apartments (possibly Side: 3 m (min) applicable) Common Side: 0 m 2. COVERAGE Rear: 3 m (min) (Corner plots require Plot coverage 0.5 maximum Side setback of 3m min)
Floor area ratio 1.2 maximum
Basement setback Common lot boundaries: 0 m Density min.units/ha 30 All lot boundaries fronting roads: 3 m Other Min. 10 % of units with non-residential (min) (to allow for any below grade use services that may be required and ensure 3. BUILDING the viable growth of trees) Ancillary buildings In the front setback along the lot frontage, Number of floors G+2
G (ancillary buildings) May be allowed at the zero setback provided their width does not exceed 25% Floor to floor height 4m maximum of the lot frontage Other ancillary uses Building form Detached apartments
Minimum distance 0.5*Height May be allowed within the side and rear between detached setbacks building Are subject to their overall width not exceeding 50% of length of the boundary within which they encroach 4. BUILDING SETBACK
Building Detached Buildings Between multiple N/A
Front: 7 m (min) buildings on the same plot Side: 3 m (min) 5. FENCING AND WALLS Rear: 3 m (min) Location Fencing and walls in the front, side and rear
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yards shall be at the perimeter of the plot Minimum width N/A
Heights Rear and side fencing or walls shall not exceed Maintenance N/A 2.5m in height and front fencing wall should not Recreational amenities N/A exceed 2 m in height Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015 Additional height
Shall be evaluated on case-by-case basis by the One Stop Center Table 17: Off-core residential zone Front fencing or walls shall conform with REGULATIONS REMARKS the height on directly adjacent lots These regulations shall apply to: Materials The front boundary wall • All new and redeveloped residential uses within the Off-core residential zone Shall use the material that allow at least 50% transparency • Lots zoned or re-zoned for residential uses within the Off-core residential zone
6. CIRCULATION
Pedestrian N/A 1. USES
Public transit N/A Permitted uses Single and double family houses (all types)
7. SIGNAGE Low rise apartment,
Permitted One sign shall be located on the fencing wall along the front setback Prohibited uses Residential apartments exceeding 3 storey A maximum of 35cm height x 35cm height width of signage shall be permitted for General commercial uses urban sub-center residential. Industrial uses Larger sign is allowed for apartment Major infrastructure complex or housing cluster, subject to Conditional uses Standalone food outlet with less than 50 approval by One Stop Center. seats Protrusion of the signage must be Hotels (incl. its ancillary uses) contained within plot boundary Public facilities
8. LANDSCAPING AND RECREATION 2 Convenience stores not exceeding 60m of floor area
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Home Office Semi-Detached Buildings Ancillary uses Car parking garage Front: 7 m (min) Guard house Maids‟ quarters Side: 3 m (min) Outdoor kitchen Common Side: 0 m Store rooms Plot size 300sqm, conditionally not more than 500sqm Rear: 3 m (min) (Corner plots require Side setback of 3m min) 2. COVERAGE
Plot coverage 0.4 maximum Basement setback Common lot boundaries: 0 m Floor area ratio 0.8 maximum All lot boundaries fronting roads: 3 m Density min.units/ha 15 (min) (to allow for any below grade services that may be required and ensure 3. BUILDING the viable growth of trees) Number of floors G+1 Ancillary buildings In the front setback along the lot frontage,
G (ancillary buildings) May be allowed at the zero setback
Floor to floor height 4m maximum provided their width does not exceed 25% of the lot frontage Building form Detached buildings only Other ancillary uses
Minimum distance 0.6*Height May be allowed within the side and rear between detached setbacks buildings Are subject to their overall width not
4. BUILDING SETBACK exceeding 50% of length of the boundary within which they encroach Building Detached Buildings
Front: 10 m (min) Between multiple N/A
Side: 3 m (min) buildings on the same plot Rear: 3 m (min)
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5. FENCING AND WALLS 8. LANDSCAPING AND RECREATION
Location Fencing and walls in the front, side and rear Minimum width N/A yards shall be at the perimeter of the plot Maintenance N/A Heights Rear and side fencing or walls shall not exceed Recreational amenities N/A 2.5m in height and front fencing wall should not exceed 2 m in height Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015
Additional height 6.2.2 Commercial land use
Shall be evaluated on case-by-case basis Table 18: Central and nodal business district by the One Stop Center REGULATIONS REMARKS Front fencing or walls shall conform with These regulations shall apply to: the height on directly adjacent lots Materials The front boundary wall All new and redeveloped commercial uses within the Central and nodal business district
Shall use the material that allow at least Lots zoned or re-zoned for commercial uses within the Central and nodal business district 50% transparency 1. USES 6. CIRCULATION Permitted uses Mixed use developments allowed in Pedestrian N/A central and nodal business district Public transit N/A office buildings, retail, department stores, 7. SIGNAGE shopping malls of maximum 15,000 m2 Permitted One sign shall be located on the fencing ground floor area, wall along the front setback sales including wholesale of maximum A maximum of 35cm height x 35cm 15,000 m2 ground floor area, width of signage shall be permitted for restaurants, food courts and Off-core residential zone. accommodation, Larger sign is allowed for apartment entertainment, complex or housing cluster, subject to not substantially disturbing business approval by One Stop Center. enterprises and services, including Protrusion of the signage must be business accommodation, hotels, motels, contained within plot boundary repair shops, workshops, crafts, tailoring
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workshops, carpenters, tinsmiths, Plot coverage 0.8 maximum machine shops, religious, cultural, social Floor area ratio 6 maximum and health related uses, fitness centres, gas stations, multi-floor car parking, Density min. units/ha 30-80 storage units and small warehouses, Other Min. 20% residential units including staff accommodation. Business Parks, Science Parks 3. BUILDING Warehouse Number of floors G+1(minimum) Dry cleaning / laundry service G (ancillary buildings) Petrol stations Min. distance between 0.4*Height Car wash detached building Oil depots Minor automotive repair shops Floor to floor height Ground Floor - 5m maximum Other Floors - 4m maximum
Building form Free Standing and Detached Prohibited uses Industrial Uses Buildings Major infrastructure Shop houses Conditional uses Public Facilities Existing building Additions and alterations necessary to retain an Petrol stations existing approved legally non-conforming Residential flats with commercial at building and its use in good order and repair will ground floor be allowed, subject to:
Transport Interchange No material change in use which 2 Plots less than 600 m can be developed does not comply with the prevailing as single family houses zoning regulations; Recycling centres No further increase in floor area of the existing non-conforming use Ancillary uses Electrical substation (ESS) Any additional floor area required for the non- Refuse area conforming use will: Plot size 600 m2 (maximum) Be subject to the evaluation and approval 2. COVERAGE of the One Stop Center; and Not to exceed 10% of the existing use
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Conversion of a residential villa to other Between multiple N/A permitted uses shall be considered subject to: buildings on the same plot Compliance with parking requirements for non- residential use 5. PARKING Removal of the front boundary wall; and Location Required parking stalls shall be provided Aesthetic enhancement of the front within the lot boundary for central and elevation of the building nodal business district developments 4. BUILDING SETBACK No onsite parking is required if shared
Building Front: 5 m (min) along other roads parking for the entire central and nodal Side: 3 m (min) business district cluster is provided for Surfacing Rear: 3 m (min) Parking shall be hard surfaced and provided with adequate drainage Setback for plots smaller than 600m2 Minimum Required In central and nodal business district – 2 Front: 3m Parking Stalls Parking Lot for the first 200 m2 central Side: 2 m (min) and nodal business district space and 1 Rear: 2 m (min) Parking Lot per subsequent 200 m2 Basement setback Common lot boundaries: 0 m central and nodal business district space All lot boundaries fronting roads: 3m shall be provided Ancillary buildings In the front setback along the lot frontage, Apartment – 1 Parking Lot per 1 dwelling units May be allowed at the zero setback Food Outlet -1 Parking Lot per 10 seats provided their width does not exceed shall be provided 25% of the lot frontage Hotel - 1 Parking Lot per 200 m shall be Other ancillary uses provided
May be allowed within the side and Disabled Parking Where required, at least 1 parking stalls rear setbacks per public entrance shall be designated Are subject to their overall width not for the disabled exceeding 25% of length of the boundary within The location shall be immediately which they encroach. adjacent to the building entrance/access Minimum Dimensions 90 degree
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2.5m x 5.0 m stalls accessible to the disabled
7 m travel aisle
Disabled Stalls Public transit The use of public transit should be encouraged through the integration of a 4.85 m (3.35 for vehicle + 1.5 for access) x 5.0 m public transport stop into the central and Angled parking permitted nodal commercial development lot Minimum 1 taxi stand for at least 2 taxis Minimum Shaded N/A shall be provided within lot boundary. Areas A pedestrian linkage should be provided Circulation in Parking Clearly designated and marked parking from the main building to the bus shelter located spaces, driveways and sidewalks within in front of the commercial lots (where applicable) the parking plots shall be provided 8. SIGNAGE Pedestrian circulation pathways should be provided, linking both the site access and Permitted One Building identification sign shall be the building permitted on the tower Vehicular Access to Multiple vehicular ingress and egress One commercial sign per tenant shall be Parking Lot points may be permitted permitted: 6. FENCING AND WALLS Wall Signage (15% of the Building Face or Location Not permitted, except for hotel development 9 m whichever less)
Heights Hotel / resort: 2.0m (max) Window Signage (Transparent, 15% of the Building Face or 2.5m whichever less) 7. CIRCULATION Awning Signage (Min 2.5m clearance and Pedestrian Minimum 2m covered pedestrian 25% of the Building Face or 2.5m whichever walkways shall be provided along the less) perimeter of the buildings fronting the main roads Free standing Signage (Maximum 1.5 m Pedestrian circulation between adjacent height buildings shall be seamlessly connected; Prohibited The following signs are prohibited: the linkages shall be min 2 m in width. All pedestrian circulation shall be Roof mounted signs
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Off site signage Table 19: Off-core commercial zone
REGULATIONS REMARKS Location Individual signs for commercial tenants within a multi-tenanted commercial These regulations shall apply to: development shall be mounted to the All new and redeveloped commercial uses within the off-core commercial zone façade of the development Permitted free standing signage shall not Lots zoned or re-zoned for commercial uses within the off-core commercial zone exceed 5m in height, and may be located 1. USES within the front setback Lighting No flashing lights are allowed Permitted uses All business enterprises and unlimited size of shopping centres if the limitation 9. LANDSCAPING AND RECREATION of disturbance for the surrounding areas is Minimum width Minimum depth and width of landscaped proven. areas shall be evaluated on case-by-case Sundries shop / grocery basis by One Stop Center Barber shop / hair salon Maintenance All landscaped areas shall be maintained Laundry / dry cleaning shop in good condition by the owner / occupier Small scale food and beverage outlets / management committee of the subject (e.g. cafes) not exceeding 50 seats property Neighbourhood Park Recreational amenities N/A Park related public facilities such as
Source Rwanda Construct, 2015 public toilets/changing rooms Markets
Prohibited uses industrial uses Large scale commercial uses such as
shopping centres, hyper-marts, showrooms, offices etc.
Major infrastructures
Conditional uses Public facilities
Petrol stations
Apartment (on the 2nd storey and above) Ancillary uses Electrical substation (ESS) Refuse area
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Plot size 200 m2 (minimum) Conversion of a residential villa to other permitted uses shall be considered subject to: 2. COVERAGE Compliance with parking requirements Plot coverage 0.7 maximum for non- residential use Floor area ratio 2.4 maximum Removal of the front boundary wall; and Aesthetic enhancement of the front 3. BUILDING elevation of the building Number of floors G+2 (maximum) 4. BUILDING SETBACK G (ancillary buildings) Building Front: 5 m (min) Min. distance between 0.5*Height Side: 0 m(min) for 6m after the front detached building setback, beyond 6m from of the building Floor to floor height Ground Floor - 5m maximum frontage setback line the setback shall be Other Floors - 4m maximum 3m (min) Building form Free Standing Detached Buildings Rear: 3 m (min) Basement setback Common lot boundaries: 0 m Shop houses All lot boundaries fronting roads: 0m Existing building Additions and alterations necessary to retain an Ancillary buildings In the front setback along the lot frontage, existing approved legally non-conforming building and its use in good order and repair will May be allowed at the zero setback be allowed, subject to: provided their width does not exceed 25% of the lot frontage No material change in use which does not Other ancillary uses comply with the prevailing zoning regulations; May be allowed within the side and rear No further increase in floor area of the setbacks existing non-conforming use Are subject to their overall width not Any additional floor area required for the non- exceeding 25% of length of the boundary conforming use will: within which they encroach.
Be subject to the evaluation and approval of the One Stop Center; and Between multiple N/A buildings on the same Not to exceed 10% of the existing use
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015 plot Minimum Shaded N/A Areas 5. PARKING Circulation in Parking Clearly designated and marked parking Location Required parking stalls shall be provided spaces, driveways and sidewalks within within the plot boundary the parking lots shall be provided Surfacing Parking shall be hard surfaced and Vehicular Access to Only one ingress-egress point to the provided with adequate drainage Parking Lot development plot is allowed Minimum Required Commercial – 2 Parking Lot for the first Parking Stalls 200 m2 commercial space and 1 Parking 6. FENCING AND WALLS Lot per subsequent 200 m2 commercial Location Fencing and walls are not permitted along space shall be provided the front Setback Apartment – 1 Parking Lot per 1 dwelling Fencing and walls in the side and rear units yards shall be at the perimeter of the lot Food Outlet -1 Parking Lot per 10 seats Heights 2.5 m high solid perimeter fencing wall is shall be provided allowed at the side and rear of the lot Hotel - 1 Parking Lot per 200 m2 shall be 7. CIRCULATION provided Disabled Parking Where required, at least 1 parking stalls Pedestrian 2m(min) covered publicly accessible per public entrance shall be designated pedestrian walkway/ covered arcade shall for the disabled be provided along the perimeter of the The location shall be immediately buildings fronting the main roads adjacent to the building entrance/access Pedestrian circulation between adjacent Minimum Dimensions 90 degree buildings shall be seamlessly connected; the linkages shall be min 2 m in width. 2.5m x 5.0 m stalls Pedestrian circulation shall link all
7 m travel aisle buildings and amenities on site All pedestrian circulation shall be Disabled Stalls accessible to the disabled
4.85 m (3.35 for vehicle + 1.5 for access) x 5.0 m Public transit Integration of bus transit facility into the off-core commercial area is encouraged Angled parking permitted 8. SIGNAGE
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Permitted One building identification sign shall be Recreational amenities N/A permitted on the tower Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015 One Commercial sign per tenant shall be permitted: 6.2.3 Special Economic Zone (SEZ) o Wall Signage (15% of the 6.2.3.1 Cross border market and one border post Building Face or 9 m whichever The regulation of construction and the use of land in this zone are set in their specific project studies of less) these zones.( refer to cross border market study by MINICOM ,and One Stop Border post By RTDA) o Window Signage (Transparent, 15% of the Building Face or 2.5m 6.2.3.2 Processing industrial zone whichever less) Table 20: Processing Industrial zone
o Awning Signage (Min 2.5m REGULATIONS REMARKS clearance from ground and 25% of the building face or 2.5m These regulations shall apply to:
whichever less) All new and redeveloped industrial uses within the Industrial zone Prohibited The following signs are prohibited: Lots zoned or re-zoned for industrial uses within the Industrial zone Roof mounted signs 1. USES String lights, flashing, excessively bright lights Permitted uses Food processing factories Off site signage Bread making factoies Location Individual signs for commercial tenants within a multi-tenanted commercial Manufacturing development shall be mounted to the façade of the development Permitted free standing signage shall not exceed 5m in height, and may be located Prohibited uses Residential Uses within the front setback Major Infrastructure Installations Lighting No flashing lights are allowed Heavy industries Metal industries 9. LANDSCAPING AND RECREATION Pollutive industrial uses Minimum width N/A
Maintenance N/A
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Conditional uses Religious Facilities 4. BUILDING SETBACK Workers‟ Accommodation Building Front: 10 m Sundries / grocery shop Side: 6m Fast food outlet ( 200 seating) Rear: 5m Commercial Uses Basement setback N/A Multifamily apartment
Ancillary buildings In the front setback along the lot frontage, Ancillary uses Electrical substation (ESS) o May be allowed at the zero
Refuse area setback provided their width does Plot size As possible not exceed 25% of the lot frontage o May be located within the front 2. COVERAGE setback, up to 2 m, provided they
Plot coverage 0.6 maximum do not exceed 50% of the lot frontage Maximum building 60% maximum Other ancillary uses coverage o May be allowed within the side Minimum landscaping 10% minimum and rear setbacks coverage o Are subject to their overall width not exceeding 50% of length of Maximum floor area N/A the boundary within which they ratio (FAR) encroach.
3. BUILDING
Number of floors G+1 (minimum) Between multiple N/A G (ancillary buildings) buildings on the same plot Min. distance between 0.6*Height detached building 5. SERVICE AREAS AND EQUIPMENT
Building form Detached Buildings(can also be flatted) or Loading Docks Loading docks, if any, shall be located to attached buildings the rear of the building.
Where the rear of the building faces Existing building N/A residential uses, the loading area must be appropriately screened so as not to be
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visible from residential uses The location shall be immediately adjacent to the building entrance/access Outdoor Storage Areas No outdoor storage shall be allowed Minimum Dimensions 90 degree Refuse Storage Areas Proper location of the outdoor refuse o 2.5 m x 5.0 m stalls areas shall be decided by the Gatuna o 7 m travel aisle border town, One Stop Centre upon Disabled Stalls review of the development application. o 4.85 m (3.35 for vehicle + 1.5 for access) x 5.0 m Mechanical • At grade water tank and mechanical equipment: Angled parking permitted Equipment -Shall be located to the side or rear of the Minimum Shaded N/A building Areas • At grade or rooftop water tank, mechanical and Circulation in Parking Clearly designated and marked parking telecommunications equipment: spaces, driveways and sidewalks within -Shall be screened subject to approval by the the parking lots shall be provided Gatuna border town, One Stop Centre Pedestrian circulation pathways should be
provided, linking both the site access and 6. PARKING the building Location Required parking stalls shall be provided Vehicular Access to Multiple vehicular ingress and egress within the lot boundary Parking Lot points may be permitted Surfacing Parking shall be hard surfaced and 7. FENCING AND WALLS provided with adequate drainage Minimum Required Industrial Use – 2 Parking Lot per the Location Permitted Parking Stalls first 200 m2 shall be provided and 1 Lot Heights 2.5m (max) for rear and side boundary, 2 per 200m2 subsequently m (max) for front boundary. Industrial Use – 1 Lorry Parking Lot per Materials Solid wall for rear and side boundary and 3000 m2 50% transparency for the front boundary Commercial - 1 Parking Lot per 200 m2 8. CIRCULATION for Light Industrial Use (for office space in excess of 25% of the industrial use) Pedestrian Layout and design shall give due regard Disabled Parking Where required, at least 1 parking stalls for safe pedestrian circulation throughout per public entrance shall be designated the site for the disabled All pedestrian circulation shall be
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accessible to the disabled
Public transit N/A
9. SIGNAGE
Permitted All signs shall: Be integrated into the design and theme of the building Be wall mounted Prohibited The following signs are prohibited: Multiple free standing signage Off site signage
Location Signs shall not obstruct views, vistas or important landmarks Lighting Lighting shall be aesthetically pleasing and in keeping with the overall theme of the district 10. LANDSCAPING AND RECREATION
Minimum width Minimum 2 m planting strip should be provided along 70% of the site boundary. Maintenance All landscaped areas shall be maintained in good condition by the owner / occupier / management committee of the subject property Recreational amenities N/A
Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015
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6.2.4 Public administrative, institutional and services uses
Table 21: Public administrative, institutional and services zones
These regulations shall apply to:
All new and redeveloped Public administrative, institutional and services uses within the Public administrative, institutional and services zone
Lots zoned or re-zoned for public administrative, institutional and service uses within the Public administrative, institutional and services uses
Land use (sub-) category Zoning framework with plot development parameters per land use Minimum site requirements category
Max. Max. Density Min.distance Set Plot developments other PLC FAR min.units /ha between detached backs requirements buildings Plot area recommendation
Education Nursery and preschool 0.5 1.4 0.5*Height Plot area: min. 700 m2 . Max. 25 pupils per classroom and PLC: Max. 0.3 . Classrooms to have min. 2 m2 per research child for preschool and min. 3 m2 per child for nursery
. May be affiliated with a primary
school
. Safe access without unsecured
crossing of primary distributor roads
. Playground
Primary school 0.5 1.4 0.5*Height 1.5 ha .Including playfields, administration, parking
Secondary school 0.5 1.4 0.5*Height 2.4 ha . Including playfields, administration, hall, parking
Primary and Secondary 0.5 1.4 0.5*Height 2.8 ha . Including playfields, administration, hall, parking
school combined
Higher Education Institutions 0.5 1.4 0.5*Height PLC: Max. 0.3 .Including playfields, administration, hall, parking
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(Vocational training centers) Minimum floor area: 0.6 ha . Vocational schools: min. 4 workshops
Open space: estimated 1 ha . Plan depending on the vocation
Higher Education Institutions 0.5 1.4 0.5*Height PLC: Max. 0.4 . Including playfields, administration, hall, parking
(Universities)
. Any of the above uses may also require accommodation facilities, which are not included in above area requirements.
Health Health post 0.5 1 0.5*Height 0.5 ha
Health center 0.5 1 0.5*Height 1 ha
District hospital 0.5 1 0.5*Height 2.5 ha Landscaping; incinerator; laundry
Referral hospital 0.5 1 0.5*Height 5 ha Landscaping; incinerator; laundry
Cultural 0.7 0.5*Height
Religion 0.7 1*Height
Communal 0.7 1.2 0.5*Height
Public Cell office 0.7 1.4 0.5*Height 0.25 ha administrative Sector administration office 0.7 1.4 0.5*Height 0.25 ha and District administration office 0.7 1.4 0.5*Height 1 ha
Civic services City administration office 0.7 1.4 0.5*Height 1.2 ha
Post office 0.7 1.4 0.5*Height 0.25 ha
Police station 0.7 1.4 0.5*Height 0.5 ha
Fire brigade station 0.7 1.4 0.5*Height 0.5 ha
Places of worship 0.7 1.4 0.5*Height 0.5 ha
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Courts 0.7 1.4 0.5*Height 0.25 ha
Regional Public Library 0.7 1.4 0.5*Height 0.5 ha
Cultural Center 0.7 1.4 0.5*Height 0.6 ha
Cemeteries Cemetery 0.9 ha / 1,000 population . 4 m² per grave and . Outside of urban residential areas crematoria . Not on rocky ground and in areas
with ground water table higher than 3 m below ground
Crematorium
Source: Official Gazette nᵒ 20 bis of 18/05/2015, Rwanda, adapted by Rwanda Construct, 2015 .
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6.3 Standards for Gatuna border town Upgrading Social hall, community center 500 m 5,000
Urban neighborhoods should be upgraded to ensure an agreed standard of service provision for their Youth center residents, if the neighborhood is on suitable land which is not health hazardous and: Retail shops not prone to flooding, not on weak soil, Neighborhood park including Such initiative requires sufficient primary infrastructure, especially water distribution, ensuring that picnic area and children‟s neighborhood level infrastructure to be provided or upgraded is able to function. In case an area must be playground cleared from residential development for one of the above three reasons, it shall not be re-developed. Motorcycle taxi access point Areas which need environmental protection can be justified to be cleared from polluting industrial operations, and protected from newly built structures. Trees, green areas, and spaces shall be preserved Minibus stop and restored. Planning shall follow the procedures of a specific Land Development Plan, and urban Access to vehicular road planning operations as applicable and determined by the respective implementing orders. Source: Official Gazette nᵒ 20 bis of 18/05/2015, Rwanda 6.4 Minimum access to infrastructure and facilities 6.5 Minimum infrastructure standards Urban upgrading standards may deviate from standards for new development, while it is apparent to adhere to public health and safety requirements. The following minimum standards apply to infrastructure in upgraded neighborhoods: The following minimum standards apply to service provision in upgraded neighborhoods: 1) Every plot shall be accessible by at least a footpath. 2) There shall be a Secondary, Local Distributor Road, or an Access Road within 500 m. Table 22: Minimum servicing requirements with facilities for upgraded neighborhoods 3) Every road shall be accompanied by properly dimensioned storm water channels. 4) Every household shall undertake proper evacuation of solid and liquid waste. Service / facility Maximum travel distance Catchment population 5) Every household shall undertake measures for the proper control of erosion from storm water and Public toilet where not all 80 m 250 liquid waste. households have access to 6) The electricity provider shall be responsible for the safety in areas of electricity cable networks. No appropriate sanitary conditions open wiring and underground placement of cables shall be allowed. 7) Sewers must be protected in a way safe for passer-byes and particularly children during storm water Potable water access point 250 m 2,000 flushes. Safe bridging passage ways shall be provided following the course of footpaths. Solid waste disposal point 8) Civil engineers and urban planners responsible for the elaboration of the Specific Land Development Plan may propose to the District to waive the standard width recommendations for access roads and Day care and maternal school accompanying uses following a road where there is insufficient space or the intervention would cause Primary school unjustifiable displacement.
Community Health Services
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6.6 Requirements for new Land Subdivision and Re-plotting Local distributor roads shall be used in planning to distribute the traffic within different neighborhood areas and land use zones and link to the secondary access network. There may be major and minor local Urban development through building permits and real estate development authorization shall be guided distributor roads depending on the volume of traffic generated within the area, and on the types of by the principle of efficient use of land and safe construction following site specific zoning regulations. vehicles allowed. 6.7 Standard residential plot area Access roads shall be used in planning to link individual plots, buildings and open spaces to a local The standard plot area for residential buildings with a height of G and G+1 is set as follows: distributor road. Access roads in housing areas and shopping centers are termed streets and are further 2 1) Plots with a plot area of up to 300 m ; classified into primary and secondary streets. They may be cul-de-sacs or loops. 2) Plots with a plot area larger than 300 m2 and up to 500 m2. Development higher than G+1 shall follow the provisions of Plot Coverage, Floor Area Ratio and 6.11 Sidewalks and footpaths minimum densities on approved land subdivision independent of the provisions for standard plot sizes. Road designs of all hierarchy levels except for Access Roads shall include pedestrian ways on at least one side of the road, including on vehicular bridges. Primary roads shall have sidewalks on both sides. 6.8 Efficient urban land development for purposes different from residential use The absolute minimum width of a footway shall be 1.0 m. A commonly designed footway shall be at Development of buildings with uses different from residential purpose shall follow the principles of least 2.0 m wherever possible. approved urban planning documents specifying zoning regulations and land subdivision. Table 23: Recommended widths of sidewalks 6.9 Land requirements for roads Function Min. Width The agency responsible for roads and the responsible District shall be consulted on proposed alignments and land requirements for new roads to avoid any conflict with other proposed land uses. Along shopping streets 2.5 m
In SEZ‟s 3.5 m 6.10 Inner-urban and settlement roads
The inner-urban and inner-settlement roads shall have the following naming and hierarchy: On bridges 1.5 m
1) Primary distributor road; Along primary roads 2 m
2) Secondary distributor road; Along secondary roads 1.5 m
3) Local distributor road; Access paths in high density urban upgrading areas 1.2 m
4) Access road. Source: Official Gazette nᵒ 20 bis of 18/05/2015, Rwanda
Primary distributor roads shall be used in planning to form the primary network within an urban area and distribute traffic between central and nodal business districts.
Secondary distributor roads shall be used in planning to distribute the traffic between different neighborhood areas and land use zones of an urban or human settlement area and link to the primary access network.
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6.12 Public services Plot size N/A
Table 24 : Public services area 2. COVERAGE
REGULATIONS REMARKS Building coverage N/A
These regulations shall apply to: Landscaping coverage 20%
All new and redeveloped parks within the Recreational Place (Rec) and Hotel and Touristic Floor area ratio Subject to One Stop Center evaluation Place (HT) and approval Plots zoned or re-zoned for parks within the Recreational Place (Rec) and Hotel and Touristic 3. BUILDING Place (HT) 1. USES Number of floors G+2 maximum G (ancillary buildings) maximum Permitted uses Sports Complexes Floor to floor height N/A Theme Parks Building form N/A Resort Hotels
Golf Courses Architecture Architecture and materials that are Recreational Clubs complementary to the natural landscape Zoo should be encouraged Stadiums 4. BUILDING SETBACK Prohibited uses All types of industrial uses Building Any building in a public park shall be a All types of residential uses minimum 10m from residential uses, All types of commercial uses except stadiums which shall be a All types of major public facilities minimum of 25m from residential uses. Major infrastructure installations Any building in a public park shall be Conditional uses Single Family Residences 10m from all roads Resort Basement setback N/A Complementary commercial uses Ancillary buildings N/A Minor Public Facilities Supporting Infrastructure Between multiple N/A Public Swimming Pools buildings on the same Ancillary uses Parking plot Toilets
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5. PARKING the building Vehicular Access to Multiple vehicular ingress and egress Location Required parking stalls shall be provided Parking Lot points may be permitted within the plot boundary 6. FENCING AND WALLS Surfacing Parking shall be hard surfaced and provided with adequate drainage Location Fencing walls are permitted Minimum Required Commercial - 1 Parking Lot per 200 m Heights 2.5 m maximum Parking Stalls Cultural centers – 1/200 m of GFA Tourism and culture related commercial Materials Natural material is encouraged uses –1/200 m2 of GFA 7. CIRCULATION Sports Complex/Stadium – 1 / 30 seats Disabled Parking Where required, at least 2 parking stalls Pedestrian Layout and design shall give due regard per public entrance shall be designated for safe pedestrian circulation throughout for the disabled the site The location shall be immediately All pedestrian circulation shall be adjacent to the building entrance/access accessible to the disabled Minimum Dimensions 90 degree Public transit Minimum 1 taxi stand for at least 2 taxis shall be provided within lot boundary. 2.5 m x 5.0 m stalls A pedestrian linkage should be provided 7 m travel aisle from the main building to the bus shelter located in front of the commercial lots Disabled Stalls (where applicable)
4.85 m (3.35 for vehicle + 1.5 for access) x 5.0m 8. SIGNAGE
Angled parking permitted Permitted All signs shall Be integrated into the design and theme Minimum Shaded A minimum of 70% of parking stalls shall of the building Areas be shaded Prohibited The following signs are prohibited: Circulation in Parking Clearly designated and marked parking Multiple free standing signage spaces, driveways and sidewalks within the parking lots shall be provided Off site signage Pedestrian circulation pathways should be Location Signs shall not obstruct views, vistas or provided, linking both the site access and
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important landmarks All types of commercial uses All types of major public Lighting Lighting shall be aesthetically pleasing facilities and in keeping with the overall theme of Major infrastructure the district installations 9. LANDSCAPING AND RECREATION Conditional uses Single Family Residences Developments in Minimum width N/A Resort Recreational Complementary commercial zone require Maintenance N/A uses approval by review panel Recreational amenities N/A Minor Public Facilities
Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015 Supporting Infrastructure Public Swimming Pools
Ancillary uses Parking
7.13 Recreational zone Toilets Plot size N/A Table 25: Recreational zone
REGULATIONS REMARKS 2. COVERAGE
These regulations shall apply to: Building coverage 20%
All new and redeveloped parks within the Recreational zone Landscaping coverage N/A Plots zoned or re-zoned for parks within the Recreational zone 1. USES Plot Sports area and 0.5 (maximum) Permitted uses Sports Complexes coverage facilities Theme Parks Parks Resort Hotels 0.1 (maximum)
Golf Courses Public square, 0.1 (maximum) Recreational Clubs boulevards and Zoo pedestrians zone Stadiums Floor Sports area and 1 (maximum) Prohibited uses All types of industrial uses area ratio facilities All types of residential uses
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Parks 0.1 (maximum) Ancillary buildings N/A
Public square, 0.1 (maximum) Between multiple buildings N/A boulevards and on the same plot pedestrians zone 5. PARKING Location Required parking stalls shall be provided 3. BUILDING within the plot boundary
Number of floors G+2 maximum Surfacing Parking shall be hard surfaced and G (ancillary buildings) maximum provided with adequate drainage Minimum distance between 1*Height Minimum Required Parking Commercial - 1 Parking Lot per 200 detached buildings (about Stalls m sports areas and facilities) Cultural centers – 1/200 m of GFA Tourism and culture related Floor to floor height N/A commercial uses –1/200 m2 of GFA Building form N/A Sports Complex/Stadium – 1 / 30 seats Architecture Architecture and materials that are Disabled Parking Where required, at least 2 parking complementary to the natural stalls per public entrance shall be landscape should be encouraged designated for the disabled 4. BUILDING SETBACK The location shall be immediately Building Any building in a public park shall adjacent to the building be a minimum 10m from residential entrance/access uses, except stadiums which shall Minimum Dimensions 90 degree be a minimum of 25m from 2.5 m x 5.0 m stalls residential uses. Any building in a public park shall 7 m travel aisle be 10m from all roads Disabled Stalls Setback Side: 6m Rear: 5m 4.85 m (3.35 for vehicle + 1.5 for access) x Basement setback N/A 5.0m
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Angled parking permitted applicable) 8. SIGNAGE Minimum Shaded Areas A minimum of 70% of parking stalls shall be shaded Permitted All signs shall Circulation in Parking Clearly designated and marked Be integrated into the design and parking spaces, driveways and theme of the building sidewalks within the parking lots Prohibited The following signs are prohibited: shall be provided Multiple free standing signage Pedestrian circulation pathways should be provided, linking both the Offsite signage site access and the building Location Signs shall not obstruct views, Vehicular Access to Parking Multiple vehicular ingress and vistas or important landmarks Lot egress points may be permitted Lighting Lighting shall be aesthetically 6. FENCING AND WALLS pleasing and in keeping with the overall theme of the district Location Fencing walls are permitted 9. LANDSCAPING AND RECREATION Heights 2.5 m maximum Minimum width N/A Materials Natural material is encouraged Maintenance N/A 7. CIRCULATION Recreational amenities N/A Pedestrian Layout and design shall give due Source: Rwanda construct, 2015 regard for safe pedestrian
circulation throughout the site 6.14 Protected area All pedestrian circulation shall be Table 26 : Protected area accessible to the disabled Public transit Minimum 1 taxi stand for at least 2 REGULATIONS REMARKS taxis shall be provided within lot These regulations shall apply to: boundary. A pedestrian linkage should be All nature and protected area within the Protected Area provided from the main building to 1. USES the bus shelter located in front of Permitted uses Forests the commercial lots (where
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Wetlands 3. BUILDING Rivers Number of floors N/A Steepest area Prohibited uses All types of industrial uses Floor to floor height N/A
All types of residential uses Building form N/A All types of commercial uses Existing building N/A All types of public facilities
Conditional uses Infrastructure ( energy, water, sanitation, Developments in 4. BUILDING SETBACK etc) protected zone require Building N/A Botanical gardens, arboretums and approval by review panel conservatories. Basement setback N/A Outdoor recreational facilities, such as Ancillary buildings N/A hiking and bicycle trails, greens and commons, sitting areas and picnic areas. Between multiple N/A Park related public facilities such as buildings on the same public toilet/changing room. plot Minor Public Facilities PARKING Touristic facilities (Restaurants, beverage, etc) Location N/A
2 Small kiosk not exceeding 100 m Surfacing N/A Livestock Minimum Required N/A Parking Stalls Ancillary uses N/A Disabled Parking N/A Plot size N/A Minimum Dimensions N/A 2. COVERAGE Minimum Shaded N/A Building coverage N/A Areas Landscaping coverage N/A Circulation in Parking N/A Floor area ratio N/A Vehicular Access to N/A
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Parking Lot 5. FENCING AND WALLS
Location N/A Heights N/A Materials N/A
6. CIRCULATION
Pedestrian N/A Public transit N/A 7. SIGNAGE
Permitted N/A Prohibited N/A Location N/A
Lighting N/A
LANDSCAPING AND RECREATION
Minimum width N/A
Maintenance N/A
Recreational amenities N/A Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015
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CHAPTER VII: ACTION PLANS & IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
7.1 Action plans
7.1.1 Physical and environmental characteristics
Table 27: Action plan: Physical environment
Challenge Objectives Strategies Programs Actors Inputs Expected outcomes Pollution • To conserve the study • Improving waste water • Develop non soak pit septic • Local Government (District) • Finance • Environmental conservation area's ecosystem management tank • Local communities • Health improvement due to • Possibly share septic tank • Central Government availability of clean water • Provision sewerage treatment (MINIRENA,MININFRA) • Improved living standards plant (off site system) • Investors • Improved aesthetics of the • To control all aspects of • Improving solid waste • Provision for modern landfill • Local Government (District) • Finance environment air and land pollution management • Local communities • Land • Increased income • Central Government • Legislative (MINIRENA) framework • Improve drinking water • Provision of piped water to • Central Government • Finance quality residents (MININFRA) • Professional expertise • Donors • Proper planning for • Enforcing a strict riparian • Local Government (District) • Finance housing reserve • Local communities • Professional expertise • Central Government • Legislative (MINIRENA) framework • Central Government (MININFRA) • Investors Availability of zones • To utilize the hillsides • To maximize potential • Water distribution by gravity • Local Government (District) • Land with steep slopes for alternative of the steep by planting • Local communities • Local authority by- economic, touristic and trees and practicing • Investors laws environmental initiatives urban agriculture
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Under-development of • To develop tourism • Open tourist attraction • Conservation of physical • Local Government (District) • Finance • Increased job opportunities potential areas cultural heritage components • Investors • Improved Income levels tourism sector
Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015
7.1.2 Human settlement
Table 28: Action plan: Human settlements
Challenge Causes Objectives Strategies Programs Actors Inputs Expected outcomes
Shortage/ • Poverty • To bridge the housing • Construction of more • Upgrading informal • Private sector • Finance • More housing units shortage affordable housing units settlements (investors) • Land • Better living standards Inadequate • Mobilization of funds for • Local communities • A layout plan • Affordable housing Housing • High cost of • Provision of public construction of houses, • Central Government • Finance • Eradication of sub-standard Construction infrastructures services and public infrastructure, (MININFRA) • Land housing and settlements utilities services and utilities • Private sector • Land use plan • Increased job opportunities (investors) • Preparation of a Physical • Central Government • Finance Development Plan (MININFRA • Professional expertise • Availing housing finance • Private sector • Finance (investors, Banks)
Poor infrastructure • Lack of • To improve the state • Development of • Building more access • Central Government • Finance sufficient and area of coverage transportation network roads (MININFRA) • Professional expertise
funds for of various • Paving all roads into hard • Donors development infrastructure facilities surface all weather roads. of • Improving solid-waste • Initiating solid-waste • Local Government • Land
infrastructure management management framework (District) • Finance • Engaging private • Local communities • Affordable housing contractors in solid-waste • Central Government • Cheaper construction costs collection (MINIRENA) • Improved costs of living • Improve waste-water • Diversifying the • Improved environmental
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management connection of sewers protection • Provision of piped-water • Provision of drinking • Central Government • Finance • Improved health standards connection water (MININFRA) • Professional expertise • Employment opportunities • Donors creation • Local communities • Improve accessibility to • Provision of electricity • Central Government • Finance electricity (MININFRA) • Professional expertise • Local communities • Donors Poverty • Lack of • To create more job • To create more income • Involving the District • Local Government • Finance sufficient opportunities for the generating activities council in job creation (District) income youth • To improve incomes to • Eliminating constraints • Local communities generating increase more spending in to access to youth • Private sector activities housing development development funds (investors) • Public awareness on • Providing easy loans for alternative income investment generating activities other • Increased participation of than agriculture Housing Finance institutions Insecurity • Relative High • To curb insecurity in • To reduce poverty levels in • Street-lighting • Local Government • Local authority by-laws • Wealth creation levels of Gatuna Urban area gatuna Urban area • Creation of more job (District) • Legislative framework • Improved security poverty • To increase the opportunities for the • Local communities involvement of law youth • Central Government enforcement agencies in • Increasing police patrols (MININTER, the fight against crime • Empowering youth MINALOC, • Encouraging community MINIYOUTH) policing • Proper planning to improve access Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015
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7.1.3 Economic activities
Table 29: Action plan: Economic Activities
Sector Key Challenges Objectives Strategies Programs Actors Inputs Expected outcomes
Urban agriculture • Unsuitability of • To enhance the • Improving the fertility of soil • Application of fertilizer • Local Government • Land • Increased agricultural soil for agricultural condition of soil and manure in the farms (District) • Finance production production and promote • Promote vegetable home • Promotion of cover • Local community • Professional expertise • Improved living subsistence gardens (Akarima k‟igikoni) cropping and other prudent • Central Government standards agriculture agricultural practices (MINAGRI) • Increased income • Improved household nutrition • Protection of soil from the agents of erosion • Reviewing the current land use plan of the area Trade • Inadequate space • To create more • Reviewing the existing land • Sustainable land use plan • Local communities • Land • Increased business for commercial space for use plan development • Private sector • Finance activity enterprises commercial • Change of densities of • Change from low-rise to (investors) • Relevant expertise • Increased incomes activities commercial zones high-rise to create more • Local Government • Increased investment space (District) and growth • Poor infrastructure • Provide basic • Investment in infrastructure • Upgrading of deserving • Central Government • Increased job infrastructures and rehabilitation infrastructure (MINICOM) opportunities
enhance the • Partnering with interested • Extension of infrastructure
conditions of investors/firms networks where necessary existing • Mobilizing volunteer infrastructure institutions • Lack of will of • To promote • Fighting hopelessness • Counselling • Land entrepreneurship entrepreneurship among the individuals in the • Finance local community • Legislative framework • Relevant expertise • Exposing the local • Establishing exchange individuals to modern programmes and
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entrepreneurship intensifying formal education • Provision of necessary • Establishing of revolving inputs in business funds • Creating a sense of • Ensuring a section of ownership of resources benefits from the local among the local people resources goes to benefit the local community • Invite interested investors • Giving incentives to investors • Liaise with the tourism • Creating partnerships with board of Rwanda tourist firms • Contacting the foreign embassies to arrange overseas marketing Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015
7.1.4 Transportation
Table 30: Action plan: Transportation
Main challenges Objectives Strategies Programs Actors Inputs Expected outputs
Poor condition of • To improve the • Investment in construction • Construction of new roads • Central Government • Land • Improved security of public Roads hampering coverage and state of all and upgrading of all roads to modern standards. (MININFRA) • Finance vehicle road transport roads in Gatuna border in Gatuna border town. • Construction of access • Donors • Legislative framework • operators and passengers town • Initiate all-inclusive roads to all residential • Local communities • Local authority by-laws • Improved costs of living activities for improving estates • Local Government (District) • Improved health standards
road condition within • Provision of better parking • Employment opportunities Gatuna and surrounding lots in designated creation areas including training positions in Gatuna border • Increased wealth creation
local population to protect town • Increased commercial activities and maintain roads • Enhanced trade and other economic activities
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• Improved efficiency in the transport sector Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015
7.1.5 Social services and community facilities
Table 31: Action plan: Social services and community facilities
Sector Main problems Objectives Strategies Programs Actors Inputs Expected outputs
Education • Inadequate, lack • Promote nursery • Construction of more • Construction of modern • Central Government • Land • Increased classrooms to and unfair schools and classrooms classrooms in all primary (MINEDUC) • Finance accommodate more pupils distribution of increase capacities schools to include nursery, • Local Government • Legal framework • Better classrooms to learning in primary schools 9YBE and 12 YBE (District) • Land use plan provide good learning facilities • Repairing existing classroom • Local communities environment blocks • Private sector (investors) • Good learning environment • Ensure a fair distribution of will ensure improved nursery, primary, 9YBE and performance 12YBE schools • More learning facilities in • Increase capacity in • Investing in more • Construction of new different levels will reduce secondary schools secondary schools by secondary schools walking distances for the government students • Construction of more • Construction of modern • Increase in education classrooms in existing classrooms in all secondary quality secondary schools schools • Improvement in living • Ensure a fair distribution of standards secondary schools in Gicumbi • Availability of technical District manpower from • Involving private • Repairing existing classroom VTC/TVET developers in investing blocks in secondary schools • Providing incentives for private educational investors • Promote tertiary • Investing in more • Construction of modern and vocational tertiary institutions classroom facilities and new
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training education vocational training centers • Providing incentives for private educational investors • Ensure a fair distribution of vocational training centers Health • Shortage of • To increase • Investing in more • Construction of wards within • Central Government • Land • Increased medical enough wards in capacity of the tertiary institutions the existing health care (MINISANTE) • Finance facilities‟ capacity will health care medical institutions facilities. • Local Government • Land use plan increase the value of facilities for more patients (District) healthcare • Private sector (investors) • Private sector involvement • Travelling long • Increase number of • Invest in health care • Construction and upgrading • NGOs in healthcare provision will distance to health care facilities institutions health care facilities increase healthcare access nearest provision health care • Improvement of living facility standards • Development of new health center will reduce walking distances for local residents to access health care services Recreational • Lack or shortage • To increase • Exploitation of the • Develop public recreational • Local communities • Land • Improved living standards facilities of recreational capacity and scope available space for areas • Private sector (investors) • Finance • Improved aesthetics of the facilities in town of recreational development of • Local Government • Land use plan environmental to tap the facilities recreational facilities (District) • Environmental increasing for adult merry makers • Central Government conservation population and family fun days/ (MINISPOC) picnics. • Provision of different playgrounds Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015
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7.2 Implementation schedules Informal settlement upgrading programs
The implementation of the proposed projects in various sectors of development will be done in phases. Considering the total implementation expected to be achieved in 20 years i.e. by the year 2035, the plan 7.2.3 Economic activities intends to implement the proposed projects in the short term (2015-2020), medium term (2020-2030) or long term (2030-2035), in all the development sectors. Table 34: Implementation schedule: Economic activities
7.2.1 Physical environment and natural resource development Programs/Projects Short term Medium Long term term Table 32: Implementation schedule: Physical environment and natural resource development Provide inputs at subsidized rates Program/Projects Short term Medium Long term Pilot projects for home vegetable gardens at term village levels for different crops Field days on environmental conservation Initiation of urban agriculture on hillsides Protection of wetlands (application of buffer Train local community on practice of non zones) agricultural economic activities Introduction of tree planting exercise in Gatuna Community policing urban area Pilot programs on alternative energy sources Provide loans at affordable rates (solar energy) Provide incentives for investment
7.2.2 Human settlement 7.2.4 Public Infrastructures and community facilities Table 33: Implementation schedule: Human settlement
Program/Projects Short term Medium Long term Table 35: Implementation schedule: Public infrastructures and community facilities term Programs/Projects Short term Medium Long term Plot demarcation and measurement term
Expropriation by Gicumbi District to have Initiate campaigns on wastewater and solid waste sufficient land bank for public interest management Develop solid waste management and waste water infrastructure development treatment sites Provide basic infrastructures Initiate water and power supply Vertical housing development for optimum space utilization Undertake expansion of learning facilities Construction of adequate and affordable housing
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Initiate all-inclusive activities for improving road 5 Strategic deposits of Private, 1 42,540,000 agricultural inputs and District, condition within Gatuna border town and livestock MINAGRI surrounding areas & Train local population to protect and maintain MINICOM roads 6 Construction of Landfill District,RH 1 120,000,000 A Developing public recreational areas 7 Fuel stations Private 1 75,000,000 Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015
8 construction of health , District & 1 1,516,216,500 7.3 Priority projects for immediate implementation center Minisanté
The implementation phasing is concerned with priority projects in 20 years (from 2015 to 2035)and 9 Construction of a health Private, 2 45,664,760 post in Nyarwambu and District & these projects will be implemented by the district in collaboration with other entities such as public, Kagera Minisanté semi-public, NGOs and private sector. The total cost for these projects is 49,293,661,198Rwf. 10 Construction of VTC at EAR 2 197,478,350 Kagera village church, The table below shows that from 2015 to 2020 the implementation cost for priority projects is District & 6,599,872,196 Rwf while from 2021 to 2026 the implementation cost is 19,113,105,267 Rwf and for the WDA last 8 years the cost is 12,624,966,370Rwf. 11 Construction of a Private, 2 126,165,000 excellent secondary Islam, Table 36: Projects costs and phasing primary school in Gatuna District, MINEDUC N° Activity Promotor Implementation period Implementation cost Cost(RWF) 12 Drinking water supply in District & 1,158,965,000 2015-2020 2021-2025 2026-2035 urban Gatuna centre WASAC
1 Rehabilitation of Road District 1 228,994,113 13 Construction of the police District & 2 185,000,000 joining Rwankonjo and ,LODA station in Gatuna village MININTER Nyarwambu 14 Construction of sports District & 1 182,800,000 2 Electricity supply in District 1 882,533,333 complexes Gymnasium in MINISPOC Mulindi and Nyarwambu ,REG Rukizi villages cells 15 Construction of modern Private 1 114,400,000 3 Preparation of site plan for Community 1 45,000,000 abattoir in Gisunzu resettlement at Mukono ,VUP,Distri villages MINAGRI hill,(implementation of ct & District Rukizi and Gatuna Layout plan) 16 Construction of socio- District, 1 124,966,340 cultural complex at Private and 4 Plots and road 1 150,000,000 mukono village MINEDUC demarcation in all villages 17 Construction of Youth and District and 1 1,958,456,910 5 Development of urban District & 2 13,174,806,120 women centre in Rukizi ad MINIYUO roads (Structuring RHA Gatuna TH & ICT neighborhoods)
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18 Strengthening urban roads District & 2 850,000,000 RHA
19 Electrification District & 2 1,765,066,667 neighborhoods EUCL
20 Public lighting of District & 2 474,800,000 structuring roads EUCL
21 Repair and reinforcement District & 2 284,435,000 of existing water supply WASAC systems
22 Construction of hotels and Private, 2 1,500,000,000 home inns District,
23 Construction of a modern Private 2 185,000,000 garage sector
24 Construction of parking District & 2 249,689,370 spaces for buses MINICOM
25 Construction of District 2 75,000,000 administrative buildings of urban villages
26 Promoting Beans District, 3 3,550,000,000 cultivation and FSP & Construction of beans MINICOM processing factory
27 Promoting pig breeding District, 3 800,000,000 and Construction of pork FSP & meat processing factory MINICOM
28 Construction of match District, 3 250,000,000 factories FSP & MINICOM
29 Construction of stadium District, 3 1,524,966,370 Private and MINISPOC
30 Paving urban roads District & 3 6,500,000,000 RHA
Total cost of urban 6,599,872,19 19,113,105 12,624,96 6 ,267 6,370 37,178,978,833
Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015
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opportunities to contribute to rural poverty alleviation - playing an essential role in sustainable CHAPTER VIII: PRIORITY PROJECTS livelihoods of small scale farmers and their families, providing food security and income to the most MODELS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF vulnerable group, the women and children. Testing whether various management practices and GATUNA BORDER TOWN technologies result in higher bean yield and quality at harvest and after storage, and which varieties, processing methods, and food combinations can increase consumption and nutritional value are important under-researched issues in this region. Improved farmers‟ linkages to emerging markets and 8.1. Beans processing model project for Gatuna town the food industry are also essential. 8.1.1. Project Title a. Development and Promotion of beans production in Cyumba, Rubaya and Kaniga sectors. 8.1.7. Justification The project rationale is based on the diverse and significant potential of growing beans for agribusiness b. Promotion of common beans processing factory in Gatuna town and agro processing for supplying market by derivatives on the valuation of other sectors. 8.1.2. Industry / Domain Indeed, its value chain can lead to the emergence of business clusters at each link in the beans crop Agribusiness / High Potential Transformation. sector (research) production, collection, transportation, processing, marketing and consumption). Domain Our approach explicitly integrates activities and actors across the value chain so that decisions made Agriculture / Food security and reserve / High processing potentialities regarding production will be better coordinated with those involving post-harvest management, processing, utilization, and marketing. In particular, as small scale farmers become increasingly 8.1.3. Location Gatuna within Sector Cyumba, Kaniga and Rubaya. successful in producing more beans, our project activities are expected to lead to improvements in harvesting, drying, and storage that are essential to ensuring maintenance of high quality grain for 8.1.4. Estimated budget consumption, as seed, and for commercialization after transformation. Multi stakeholder participatory 3,550,000,000 Frw value chain analysis and development are increasingly being recognized as keys to successful and 8.1.5. Duration: sustainable market engagement for small scale producers. In addition to enhancing farmers‟ ability to 10 years realize increased income from sale of beans as a highly valued cash crop, our activities are designed to 8.1.6. Problem statement realize the tremendous opportunity that beans and bean products provide to improve dietary nutritional The population of the District of Gicumbi suffers from poverty accentuated despite the provisions of the quality of both producing household members and a wide variety of consumers in diverse geographic soil in the production of diversified crops likely to report significant revenue effect by marketing and / or and institutional contexts. processing. The valuation of the beans crop also urges the involvement of several economic operators which are: This accentuated the population poverty negatively influences the mobilization of financial resources in - Operators: researchers, producers, collectors, transporters, the various sectors of economic and human development (trade, transport, energy, education, health, - Processors: industry, distributors employment etc ....). - Supporters: trainers, input dealers, supervisors, agricultural services, garages, fuel distributors, Beans provide a strategic opportunity to help meet the Millennium Development Goal targets of manufacturers, etc ... reducing hunger and poverty. Improved beans production offers unique opportunities to address the The soil provided its microbiological structure is strongly revitalized, current yields of beans could triple deteriorating food security situation. The short growth period and two growing seasons offers great from current 20 tons to 60 tons over a period of 5 years.
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8.1.8. Specific goals 8.1.11. Implementation arrangements Common crops practice significantly increased beans Gicumbi district in collaboration with RAB, MINICOM and RCA has to develop a funding Application sufficiently optimized technology packages application package with international organizations and / or national for beans cultivation. Current yields of beans quintuplets in 5 years The funding, a support unit will be set up to provide funds to farmers (individuals, cooperatives, farm Production releasing a very important and convertible marketable surplus corporations) for the acquisition of necessary inputs and the realization of prerequisites and timely land Industrial development of the well insured beans facilities for agriculture . Purchasing power of households increased due to the optimization of beans production Poverty of the population sufficiently reduced Gicumbi District, in collaboration with RDB and RCA develop funding application files to support Significant contribution of the beans crops to Gicumbi sector and urbanization. installation work of various industrial units for the production of the above products to be sold them on the market. In all these activities, the District will establish multidisciplinary teams monitoring, evaluation, supervision and advisory support for the successful completion of this project is complex. 8.1.9. Activities Develop technical and economic feasibility studies; 8.1.12. Impact on the economic and social development Prepare project files and submit them to donors The impacts to be generated by the project are: Negotiating financing and interest private developers Significant contribution to food security; Promote beans crops cultivation Significant contribution to the reduction of unemployment and poverty; Install processing plants (diversified products including Biscuits, canned beans, Basketry Significant contribution to the promotion of trade (marketing raw beans and substantial imports products etc) to Gicumbi of agricultural inputs) Market finished products Flooding of the market by new products; Principles: The varieties will also be diverse and we must distinguish the cooking beans, canned beans An impulse for investment (induced effects); and ripe beans drinks and ripe beans. Incentive effects on other sectors of the agricultural sector (private initiatives for example, 8.1.10. Expected results potatoes, , pig and rabbit breeding and rice farming on uphill village) 7,500 ha of high yielding beans plantation in 7 years Project idea helps making appropriate industrial machinery for the development of agribusiness) 30,000 jobs will be created in the five-year project Positive impact on improving habit (decent housing) 500,000 tons of beans harvested each year to the 5th year of the project Serious impact on the development of the City of Gicumbi. 1.25 tons of beans are consumed by a household
An industrial beans agro processing factory installed and used An installed and operated food processing 8.1.13. Resources available locally / community contribution The community contributes in kind (land management, application of inputs acquired) and labour Installed and used canned beans for the production and post-harvest crop activities; Its bakeries units and bakery and used The District will contribute funding for the disbursement of an amount to be determined as The basketry units installed and operated needed. Sufficient residue to feed pets
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8.1.14. Beans processing plant 8.1.14.6. Beans processing technology and production process Like other crops, bean production will presume with land development. The land development part 8.1.14.1. Summary The rural food processing industry can play a vital role in rural poverty alleviation and sustainable includes surveying and design; land clearing, leveling and irrigation system and access and farm roads development. It can enhance farm incomes by offering a ready market for farm products, generate off- construction. Usually land development is followed by land preparation activities such as ploughing, farm employment, and reduce rural–urban migration. Rural-based food processing industries are mostly disking and harrowing. After fine seed bed preparation, sowing with fertilizer application will be small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and face such constraints as poor infrastructure, shortage of undertaken. entrepreneurial talent and skilled manpower, limited access to appropriate technologies, volatile demand, In beans production, pre-harvest managements like cultivation for weed control and soil fertility and small profit margins. improvement, irrigation water application if necessary, insect pest and disease control are the main
8.1.14.2. Projected demand activities to be carried out, timely. These operations are expected to be undertaken manually using The processing plant of beans produced in Kaniga, Rubaya and Cyumba , the sectors that surround different farm implements Gatuna town on the Rwanda-Uganda border, the population will increase and the processed beans will Post - harvest management is the final stage of bean production. It comprises harvesting, threshing, be on the open market for export. packing, loading / unloading, transporting, storing and marketing or processing of the produce. 8.1.14.3. Farm and plant capacity Processing of bean for beans transformation includes cleaning, conditioning, pressing, cleaning and The beans farm is expected to produce 500,000 tons of beans harvested each year to the 5th year of the storage. At the first step beans are cleaned in shaking screens of various sizes and then are fed to project. The productivity of the farm is assumed to be 9.5tons per hectare in each production season. The multiple stage steam heated cookers in order to be conditioned. After being conditioned, the seeds are whole produce will be processed. The processing plant will be with producing capacity per annum. 7,500 taken to the expeller as needed. ha of high yielding beans plantation in 7 years. The machinery and equipment required by the farm and processing plant could be supplied by Ries The proposed castor bean farm and castor oil processing plant will begin with 50 per cent capacity of Engineering, Mahindra Tractor Assembly Plant, Hagbes, or other specific engineering company or production at their initial stages and will reach to their full capacity in the second year. machinery manufacturer. In addition, technologies such as fertilizers, chemicals, etc. could be availed by
8.1.14.4. Farm and plant materials and inputs Governmental and Non - governmental inputs supplying organizations. Materials and inputs required for bean farm and bean processing and the corresponding costs have to be 8.1.14.7. Land, civil works and location determined in the implementation phase. Those inputs are: The total land required for bean farm and beans processing plant will be about 7,500 hectares in seven - Seeds years of the project. The land is expected to be allocated for bean production, future expansion and - Fertilizers processing plant, residential houses, offices, stores, workshop and access road construction. - Chemicals Surveying, clearing and leveling of farm land and main canal and farm road, including hydraulic - Containers…. structures constructions will be among the civil work activities to be carried out for bean and bean 8.1.14.5. Utilities processing plant.
Electricity, water, fuel, lubricant, telephone and office supplies are the main utilities required by the The location of the project is expected in three (3) sectors, Cyumba, Kaniga and Rubaya of Gicumbi envisaged beans farm and beans processing plant. The types of utilities required and their corresponding district; the processing plant will be located in Gatuna town where the necessary infrastructures and cost are to be determined. The total cost of fuel and lubricant for transporting products, inputs and other utilities are available. materials and running the generator and electrical appliances have to be estimated.
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8.1.14.8. Manpower requirement and training BE = Fixed Cost / Variable cost = 51 % Sales The cost for permanent and casual labor required for the envisaged bean farm and beans processing plant is estimated on the implementation of the project. c. Pay-Back Period
On-the-job training will be given by the machinery supplier to beans processing plant manager and The investment cost and income statement projection are used to project the pay-back period. The processing plant operators for one month during erection & commissioning period. project's initial investment will be fully recovered within 5 years.
8.1.14.11. Economic benefits The financial resources negotiated and granted by donors. The project can create employment for 33 persons. In addition to supply of the domestic needs, the 8.1.14.9. Project budget and resources needed project will generate many benefits in terms of tax revenue when it starts to operate at full capacity. The total initial investment cost of the project including working capital is estimated at 3,550,000,000 Moreover, the district of Gicumbi can collect employment, income tax and sales tax revenue. The FRw, of which 48.37 per cent will be required in foreign currency for machinery and equipment establishment of such factory will have a foreign exchange saving effect to the country by substituting purchase. The material and utility cost accounts for 61.4 per cent while depreciation and financial costs the current imports. take 23.79 per cent of the operation and processing cost. 8.2 Pig breeding and pork meat transformation model project for Gatuna town Table 37: Project budget and resource 8.2.1. Project Title No. Name of project actor Costs in FRw % Development and Promotion of pigs breeding in Cyumba Rubaya and Kaniga 1 Contribution of the community and the District 2,150,000,000 60 8.2.2. Industry / Domain Livestock / Breeding for pork meat transformation & processing based technology. 2 Investment Fund (CDF) Common Development Fund 1,065,000,000 30 8.2.3. Location 3 Investment Fund (banks, international organizations) 355,000,000 10 The location of the project is Cyumba, Kaniga and Rubaya Sector.
TOTAL 3,550,000,000 100 8.2.4. Estimated budget 800 million Frw Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015 8.2.5. Duration 8.1.14.10. Financial evaluation 5 years a. Profitability 8.2.6. Analysis of the problem According to the projected income statement, the project will start generating profit in the 2nd year of The population of Gicumbi District are victims of poverty exacerbated by indicators DDP 2013-2018, operation. Important ratios such as profit to total sales, net profit to equity (Return on equity) and net 49,3% of the population live below the poverty line, 33,9% live in extreme poverty (Gicumbi profit plus interest on total investment (return on total investment) show an increasing trend during the DDP,2013-2018). lifetime of the project. The income statement and the other indicators of profitability show that the project is viable. Yet the economic potential abounds including client sufficient livestock to a much capitalized pig breeding in the areas of Gicumbi city and Gatuna. b. Break-even Analysis Pig breeding is classified as a high-potential livestock since it can provide diversified products such as The break-even point of the project including cost of finance when it starts to operates at full capacity cooking oil, fresh meat, and canned meat and sausages. (year 3) is estimated by using income statement projection.
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Pig production is very important in the livestock sector. For thousands of years, pig production has been 8.2.9. Activities closely associated with small scale farmers as a way to utilize household by-products and as a form of Develop technical and economic feasibility studies; saving money. Pig production contributes a large amount of the total income of small-scale farmers and Prepare project files and submit them to donors; to reducing poverty. The demand for pig meat is rising day by day, which leads to increases in pig Negotiating funds and interest private investors; numbers and the trade in live pigs, commercialization and increasing scales of pig production, resulting Intensify the pig breeding in both opportunities and threats to the livelihoods of the poor. Install a high-capacity; plant to transform meat into several different products Market pigs and derivatives. Consequently, small-scale pig producers are encouraged to adopt modern pig keeping methods to improve both the quality and the quantity of pig product (meat) to satisfy the demand of the market. Without these changes, small-scale producers are unlikely to compete with large producers, both 8.2.10. Expected results 35,000 jobs will be created; domestic and international, and, as a result, they will become poorer. With these changes happening, the 60,000 tons of pork meat produced each year; role of research and development becomes more important. Through research and development projects, Large installed and operational meat processing plant (industry) small-scale poor pig producers can access advanced technologies that enable them to fulfil the demand of the market and consequently, increase income. 8.2.11. Implementation arrangements Gicumbi District in collaboration with RAB and MINICOM and RCA established a funding document 8.2.7. Justification with international organizations and / or national pig breeding and processing. Pig breeding is livestock that could generate income for the reduction of household poverty practicing it and produce a positive impact on the lives of other households. The funding, a support unit will be set up to provide funds to farmers (individuals, cooperatives, pig breeding corporations) for the acquisition of necessary inputs and the acquisition of requirement and all Pigs can be consumed all comers provide ordinary meat and sausage but the meat is mostly likely bought facilities for pig breeding. . in the pubs, hotels and supermarkets. Gicumbi District, in collaboration with RAB and RCA develop funding documents to support This is a sector capable of driving corporate poles on each link and effectively contributes to the decision installation of various processing plant and transformation to be sold on the market. of economic growth slop District and country. In all these activities, the District will establish multidisciplinary teams monitoring, evaluation, 8.2.8. Specific objectives Livestock significantly promoted and developed supervision and advisory support for the successful completion of this project.
Application sufficiently optimized technology packages 8.2.12. Impacts on the economic and social development Current yields of Assembly doubled in 3 years The impacts generated by the project are: Production release a marketable surplus and very important transformation Substantial contribution to food security; Industrial development of pig breeding Significant contribution to the reduction of unemployment and poverty Purchasing power of households increased due to the optimization of the production of pig; Significant contribution to trade development of pork trade, canned meat, pork oil, sausages. Poverty of the population sufficiently reduced; Project ideas facilities for creation of appropriate industrial machinery to the development of Significant contribution of the pig breeding urbanization Gicumbi District. agribusiness)
Impact on housing improvements (adequate housing) Serious impact on the development of Gatuna town.
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8.2.13. Pork meat processing plant needs of urban consumers with rising incomes. People are now able to buy more expensive cuts of meat
8.2.13.1. Summary than before, leading to greater demand for variety and quality of produce. This profile envisages the establishment of a plant for the processing of pork meat with a capacity of The increasing availability of processed and packaged foods like sausages has also added to the general 60,000 tons per annum. The total investment requirement is estimated at 800 million RWf. The plant and growth in people's interest in food, and all of these factors add to the growing demand for more variety the entire project will create employment opportunities for about 35,000 persons in 5 years. and better quality of meat products. Sharp growth in consumer demand has prompted meat producers to 8.2.13.2. Market & demand analysis introduce greater efficiencies into their organizations. The product envisaged here is mainly for transformation of pork into sausages. Thus to estimate the potential market for the product, it was found more appropriate to rely on export market rather than local 8.2.13.3. Project parameters a. Proposed Location demand. The meat industry is the collective of diverse businesses that together supply much of the food energy consumed by the world population. The envisaged plant is proposed to be located in Gatuna town of Gicumbi district. It is proposed to locate the meat processing plant near the. The pigs will be purchased from the local animal producers Meat processing industry also is of enormous significance for Gicumbi district and especially Gatuna from Cyumba, Rubaya and Kaniga sectors the biggest of which is located about 30 minutes from the town development because of the vital linkages and synergies that it promotes. Meat processing covers a proposed location. The processing plant will be located on the road, it is proposed to be located in an spectrum of products from sub-sector comprising animal husbandry and pigs farms, and bulk frozen area which is well connected to the international markets like Ugandan border which has got a thriving pork meat, packaged meat, ready-to-eat processed meat products. While Gicumbi district has an food catering/ restaurant/hotel business in addition to a population of surrounding area. It is hoped that in abundant supply of meat, the meat processing industry is still nascent. a short period of time, the Plant can develop into a first stop for traders heading for the main market Industry analysts say that the demand for meat products is bound to increase as they foresee a very good trying to sell directly to the Plant. future for the take-away ready-to-eat dishes being sold in the super markets which are opening outlets in b. Land newly developed towns like Gatuna. There is a rapidly increasing demand for processed food (meat) caused by rising urbanization and income levels. According to meat processing plants standards for newly developed town like Gatuna, The envisaged plant will require a total land area of 4500 m2, of which 2000 m2 will be covered by factory and office This is supported by number of people preferring to live as nucleus family, rather than joint families. buildings, stores, etc Rise in employment with more of adult working ratio and spending lesser time in the kitchen. In addition to prime factors like, change in consumer eating habits as well as rising demand for health, wellness and c. Proposed Capacity lifestyle products, together with inflated take-home packages, and rise in family income provides This profile envisages the establishment of a plant for the processing of pork meat into sausages with a tremendous growth opportunities for the meat sector. capacity of 1000 tonnes per annum. The plant is assumed to start production at 50% of its rated capacity Much of the meat sold retail continues to be sold at wet markets, most of which are to be found in open- in the first year and increase its production to 70% in the second year. air market places or streets. However, these markets have gradually been removed from many towns, d. Major Raw Materials while supermarkets and hypermarkets are now beginning to take their place. The major raw materials required for cattle meat processing and packing plant are cattle, empty can and Processed meat products are mainly sold through new retail formats such as supermarkets and salt. hypermarkets. Organized supermarket chains are gaining significance as sellers of processed meats, particularly for frozen and chilled products. This suits the increasingly sophisticated and demanding
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Table 38: Raw materials for pork meat processing 6 Pneumatic knife 2 pces
Raw materials Quantity/year 7 Hooks for various purposes 100 pces 1 Pigs (ton) 60,000 8 Pneumatic spreader 1 pce 2 Table salt (ton) 1 9 Sterilizer for processing tools 1 pce 3 Packing materials (carton) 50,000
Source: Rwanda construct, 2015 10 Processing and injection tables 3 pces
11 Pipes rail with supporting construction 1pce The utilities required for the plant are electricity and water 12 Grinder 2pces Table 39: The utilities required for the plant
No. Utilities requirement Quantity 13 Smoke generator 1 pce
1 Electricity ( connected load) 100 kVA 14 Vacuum packaging machine 1pce
2 Water 30,000 m3 15 Rail balance up to 500 kg 1 pce e. Plant & Machinery 16 Pig balance up to 2000 kg 1 pce
In modern meat processing, most of the processing steps can be mechanized. In fact, modern meat 17 Laboratory equipment 1 set processing would not be possible without the utilization of specialized equipment. Such equipment is available for small-scale, medium-sized or large-scale operations. The major items of pork meat Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015 processing equipment needed to fabricate the most commonly known pork sausages are listed and briefly f. Manpower described hereunder. The list of machinery and equipment is given below: The manpower requirement of the plant will be 30 persons, the sponsors will have to train the local labor Table 40: Pork meat processing machinery tools in its operation. Semi-skilled and unskilled labor with a family tradition of working in the meat chain is No. Description Quantity readily available in the area. In addition, the required managerial staff is also readily available as are the veterinary staff for checking the animals. 1 Electric hoists 1 pce
g. Implementation Period 2 Stunning box 1pce
The proposed plant is envisaged to be completed within one year. 3 Stunning gun 1pce h. Manufacturing process 4 Platforms for pig processing 3 pces All processed meat products have been in one way or another physically and/or chemically treated. 5 Electric saw for cutting and splitting 2 pces These treatments go beyond the simple cutting of meat into meat cuts or meat pieces with subsequent cooking for meat dishes in order to make the meat palatable. Pork meat sausage processing involves a
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015 wide range of physical and chemical treatment methods, normally combining a variety of methods. Pork 8.2.15. Project budget meat sausage processing technologies include: Table 41: Project budget No. Name of actor Costs RwF % Cutting/chopping/comminuting (size reduction) Mixing/tumbling 1 Contribution of the community and the District 500,000,000 62.5 Salting/curing 2 Investment Fund (CDF, Common Development Fund) 200,000,000 25 Utilization of spices/non-meat additives Stuffing/filling into casings or other containers 3 Investment Fund (CDF, Common Development Fund) 100,000,000 12.5
Fermentation and drying TOTAL 800,000,000 100 Heat treatment, Source: Rwanda Construct, 2015 Smoking
The envisaged plant needs waste water treatment plant that uses physico-chemical system in order to abate the environmental pollution. The treatment process involves settling, filtration, addition of flocculates and mixing, and floatation. The sludge from the treatment plant is used as fertilizer. i.Project cost a. Sales turnover The total investment cost of the project including working capital is estimated at 800 millions Rwf. That Based on the present world market an ex-factory price is adopted for financial analysis. Since the project will be used for: is envisaged for local and export purpose, it is recommended that the factory should engage itself in exporting the products directly. Land for pig breeding Land Development Building and Civil Work 8.3 Conclusion Plant Machinery and Equipment Utilities(Electrification & plumbing) The project requires capital investment of medium scale and can create medium employment Miscellanous Fixed assets opportunity. The plant will have a backward linkage effect with the livestock sector. The project is Consultancy Charges financially viable with an internal rate of return (IRR) of 30 %. Prel & Pre Operative Expenses Contingency Margin Money for Working Capital
8.2.13. Local resources available / the contribution COMMUNITY
The community will contribute in kind (labor, breeding,) The District will contribute funding for the disbursement of an amount to be determined.
8.2.14. External resources needed The financial resources to be granted by donors will be known through negotiations.
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development and (sustainable) environmental health realized through development of urban centers
CHAPTER IX: CONCLUSION AND Non agricultural activities have to be promoted in the local urban centers to cope up with the RECOMMENDATION needs of urban areas.
Making affordable housing available is one of the issues to be addressed, given the relatively 9.1 Conclusion high price of the land; the solution would be providing the necessary incentives to private The present final report of Feasibility study of Gatuna border town is based on the understanding of sector developers and to encourage landlords to invest in rental property. This involves the geography location, socio-economic and physical analysis of the study area which seems to be urban authorities in mobilizing financial institutions into making small loans available to enable with an existing land use of commercial, residential and agriculture. Different findings are outlined to be residents to improve their houses. considered in order to help with a better implementation planning. There needs to be much better coordination amongst local Government authorities, opinion It is very important for authorities to deal proactively with the rapid pace of urbanization in order to leaders and stakeholders and beneficiaries so that the implementation of the of the maintain the high rate of economic growth (urban areas are the primary engines of growth) and to help development of Gatuna town should become more strategic and make sure ensure the plans alleviate poverty as increasing numbers of the rural poor migrate to the cities. Although there are pockets respond to their needs. of poverty spread throughout urban areas; with the development of the urban development tools, Gicumbi has so far managed to make a step in avoiding the proliferation of informal settlements. The percentages of urban residents with access to basic infrastructure services indicate there is much still to be done to catch up and to address the needs arising from rapid urban growth. 9.2 Recommendations The authorities and opinion leaders should put much effort in mobilizing additional sources The challenges of feasibility development of Gatuna town border post need to be overcome during the of finance. It will be vitally important to effectively priorities investments within the implementation process to ensure a sustainable urbanization can be base of the following constraints of what can realistically be financed. This should include selecting appropriate recommendations. design horizons and technical standards for new investments for many infrastructure projects such as urban roads, water, and wastewater treatment plants etc. The mechanism of utilization of the peat deposited in agri-wetland of Mulindi that not allow the grow of agriculture plants. To implement the roads first by rehabilitating the existing majors one and creates the access news one for better plots demarcation. To bring first the basic infrastructures such as health center, schools and market to cope with the development of the center and to avoid some flow of capital to outside country in search for services.
Major environmentally friendly infrastructure and energy investments are needed in the near future to transform and revitalize the local urban centers into a society ready to live in a rapid urbanizing world
A modern concept for planning has to be introduced to harmonize with the National Plan and to match future demands for (equitable) service provision, (decentralized) economic
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REFERECES
1. EICV3 District Profile, Gicumbi,
2. EICV3, National Institute of statistics, 2012
2. Dr Herman Musahara, Improving Tenure Security for the Rural Poor, National University of Rwanda 2006
3. The Land Thematic Working Group, National Land Center (NLC), Land Sub-Sector Strategic Plan 2010- 2013, 2010
4. Gicumbi District Development Plan (2013-2018)
5. District‟s potentialities assessment for the integrated and self-centered local economic development, Gicumbi, 2013
6. Economic development and poverty reduction strategy 2013 – 2018
7. Organic Law N° 03/2013/OL OF 16/06/2013 Determining the use and Management of Land in Rwanda
8. Republic of Rwanda (2015), Official Gazette nᵒ 20 bis of 18/05/2015; N° 04/Cab.M/015 of 18/05/2015 Ministerial Order determining urban planning and building regulations 9. Rwanda National Land Policy, 2004
9. Land Management and Administration in Kigali City: A Citizen Perception Survey, Rwanda Governance Advisory Council, Kigali, and June 2011
10. Land dispute management in Rwanda, United states Agency for International Development., June 2008,
11. Land Administration System, Rwanda Natural Resources Authority, October 2012
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9,878 4,563 5,315
Appendix 1: Distribution (Count and %) of the Resident Population of District Of Gicumbi By 60-64 Sector And By 5 Years Age Group 7,179 3,155 4,024 1.8 1.7 1.9 65-69 4,381 1,750 2,631 1.1 0.9 1.3 Count % 70-74 Five-year Both Both 4,256 1,692 2,564 1.1 0.9 1.2 age groups sexes Male Female sexes Male Female 75-79 Gicumbi 2,739 1,085 1,654 0.7 0.6 0.8 District 395,606 188,671 206,935 100.0 100.0 100.0 80-84 0-4 2,310 912 1,398 0.6 0.5 0.7 52,017 25,953 26,064 13.1 13.8 12.6 85+ 5-9 1,587 501 1,086 0.4 0.3 0.5 58,183 28,783 29,400 14.7 15.3 14.2
10-14 Bukure Sector 54,022 26,280 27,742 13.7 13.9 13.4 Count % 15-19 Five-year Both Both 44,508 21,856 22,652 11.3 11.6 10.9 age groups sexes Male Female sexes Male Female 20-24 36,201 17,347 18,854 9.2 9.2 9.1 Total 17,402 8,467 8,935 100.0 100.0 100.0 25-29 0-4 31,887 15,414 16,473 8.1 8.2 8.0 2,580 1,303 1,277 14.8 15.4 14.3 30-34 5-9 25,101 11,812 13,289 6.3 6.3 6.4 2,702 1,374 1,328 15.5 16.2 14.9 35-39 10-14 19,249 8,383 10,866 4.9 4.4 5.3 2,302 1,112 1,190 13.2 13.1 13.3 40-44 15-19 16,407 7,486 8,921 4.1 4.0 4.3 1,685 884 801 9.7 10.4 9.0 45-49 20-24 12,762 5,824 6,938 3.2 3.1 3.4 1,544 756 788 8.9 8.9 8.8 50-54 25-29 12,939 5,875 7,064 3.3 3.1 3.4 1,274 626 648 7.3 7.4 7.3 55-59 2.5 2.4 2.6 30-34 6.3 6.4 6.3
a
FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
1,102 538 564 2,354 1,160 1,194 35-39 10-14 859 395 464 4.9 4.7 5.2 2,164 1,060 1,104 14.2 14.5 13.8 40-44 15-19 762 337 425 4.4 4.0 4.8 1,808 875 933 11.8 12.0 11.7 45-49 20-24 555 255 300 3.2 3.0 3.4 1,356 651 705 8.9 8.9 8.8 50-54 25-29 527 230 297 3.0 2.7 3.3 1,139 558 581 7.5 7.6 7.3 55-59 30-34 480 243 237 2.8 2.9 2.7 866 391 475 5.7 5.4 5.9 60-64 35-39 299 144 155 1.7 1.7 1.7 689 290 399 4.5 4.0 5.0 65-69 40-44 193 84 109 1.1 1.0 1.2 607 288 319 4.0 3.9 4.0 70-74 45-49 213 71 142 1.2 0.8 1.6 545 243 302 3.6 3.3 3.8 75-79 50-54 131 51 80 0.8 0.6 0.9 507 262 245 3.3 3.6 3.1 80-84 55-59 124 38 86 0.7 0.4 1.0 362 166 196 2.4 2.3 2.5 85+ 60-64 70 26 44 0.4 0.3 0.5 312 137 175 2.0 1.9 2.2 65-69 Bwisige Sector 177 80 97 1.2 1.1 1.2 Count % 70-74 Five-year Both Both 186 71 115 1.2 1.0 1.4 age groups sexes Male Female sexes Male Female 75-79 107 50 57 0.7 0.7 0.7 Total 15,288 7,302 7,986 100.0 100.0 100.0 80-84 0-4 95 51 44 0.6 0.7 0.6 1,944 942 1,002 12.7 12.9 12.5 85+ 5-9 15.4 15.9 15.0 70 27 43 0.5 0.4 0.5
b
FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
65-69 Byumba Sector 359 131 228 1.0 0.8 1.2
Count % 70-74 Five-year Both Both 331 115 216 0.9 0.7 1.1 age groups sexes Male Female sexes Male Female 75-79 215 88 127 0.6 0.5 0.7 Total 36,401 17,445 18,956 100.0 100.0 100.0 80-84 0-4 161 59 102 0.4 0.3 0.5 4,551 2,315 2,236 12.5 13.3 11.8 85+ 5-9 105 24 81 0.3 0.1 0.4 4,874 2,394 2,480 13.4 13.7 13.1 10-14 Cyumba Sector 4,885 2,457 2,428 13.4 14.1 12.8 Count % 15-19 Five-year Both Both 4,177 2,022 2,155 11.5 11.6 11.4 age groups sexes Male Female sexes Male Female 20-24 3,634 1,717 1,917 10.0 9.8 10.1 Total 14,722 6,983 7,739 100.0 100.0 100.0 25-29 0-4 3,371 1,624 1,747 9.3 9.3 9.2 2,067 1,009 1,058 14.0 14.4 13.7 30-34 5-9 2,782 1,378 1,404 7.6 7.9 7.4 2,108 1,048 1,060 14.3 15.0 13.7 35-39 10-14 1,979 883 1,096 5.4 5.1 5.8 2,001 956 1,045 13.6 13.7 13.5 40-44 15-19 1,524 711 813 4.2 4.1 4.3 1,649 830 819 11.2 11.9 10.6 45-49 20-24 1,159 541 618 3.2 3.1 3.3 1,359 663 696 9.2 9.5 9.0 50-54 25-29 963 427 536 2.6 2.4 2.8 1,221 597 624 8.3 8.5 8.1 55-59 30-34 714 312 402 2.0 1.8 2.1 1,003 494 509 6.8 7.1 6.6 60-64 35-39 617 247 370 1.7 1.4 2.0 775 334 441 5.3 4.8 5.7
c
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40-44 15-19 592 269 323 4.0 3.9 4.2 1,391 676 715 9.5 9.7 9.4 45-49 20-24 454 197 257 3.1 2.8 3.3 1,227 574 653 8.4 8.2 8.6 50-54 25-29 410 175 235 2.8 2.5 3.0 1,046 503 543 7.2 7.2 7.1 55-59 30-34 341 128 213 2.3 1.8 2.8 845 390 455 5.8 5.6 6.0 60-64 35-39 223 88 135 1.5 1.3 1.7 695 309 386 4.8 4.4 5.1 65-69 40-44 163 59 104 1.1 0.8 1.3 687 311 376 4.7 4.5 4.9 70-74 45-49 137 59 78 0.9 0.8 1.0 550 262 288 3.8 3.8 3.8 75-79 50-54 97 42 55 0.7 0.6 0.7 491 248 243 3.4 3.6 3.2 80-84 55-59 77 27 50 0.5 0.4 0.6 385 184 201 2.6 2.6 2.6 85+ 60-64 45 8 37 0.3 0.1 0.5 255 115 140 1.7 1.6 1.8 65-69 Giti Sector 172 74 98 1.2 1.1 1.3 Count % 70-74 Five-year Both Both 170 67 103 1.2 1.0 1.4 age groups sexes Male Female sexes Male Female 75-79 101 44 57 0.7 0.6 0.7 Total 14,590 6,983 7,607 100.0 100.0 100.0 80-84 0-4 95 39 56 0.7 0.6 0.7 2,117 1,066 1,051 14.5 15.3 13.8 85+ 5-9 76 25 51 0.5 0.4 0.7 2,296 1,121 1,175 15.7 16.1 15.4 10-14 Kageyo Sector 1,991 975 1,016 13.6 14.0 13.4 Five-year Count %
d
FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015 age groups Both Both 210 68 142 sexes Male Female sexes Male Female 75-79 177 50 127 0.6 0.4 0.8 Total 30,270 14,245 16,025 100.0 100.0 100.0 80-84 0-4 138 49 89 0.5 0.3 0.6 3,913 1,931 1,982 12.9 13.6 12.4 85+ 5-9 138 42 96 0.5 0.3 0.6 4,494 2,253 2,241 14.8 15.8 14.0
10-14 Kaniga Sector
4,482 2,209 2,273 14.8 15.5 14.2 Count % 15-19 Five-year Both Both 4,186 2,064 2,122 13.8 14.5 13.2 age groups sexes Male Female sexes Male Female 20-24 2,950 1,354 1,596 9.7 9.5 10.0 Total 15,035 7,189 7,846 100.0 100.0 100.0 25-29 0-4 2,120 978 1,142 7.0 6.9 7.1 1,811 869 942 12.0 12.1 12.0 30-34 5-9 1,681 717 964 5.6 5.0 6.0 2,042 973 1,069 13.6 13.5 13.6 35-39 10-14 1,326 547 779 4.4 3.8 4.9 2,053 1,047 1,006 13.7 14.6 12.8 40-44 15-19 1,110 474 636 3.7 3.3 4.0 1,760 901 859 11.7 12.5 10.9 45-49 20-24 943 425 518 3.1 3.0 3.2 1,551 736 815 10.3 10.2 10.4 50-54 25-29 978 450 528 3.2 3.2 3.3 1,302 688 614 8.7 9.6 7.8 55-59 30-34 687 312 375 2.3 2.2 2.3 937 455 482 6.2 6.3 6.1 60-64 35-39 490 212 278 1.6 1.5 1.7 783 355 428 5.2 4.9 5.5 65-69 40-44 247 110 137 0.8 0.8 0.9 611 273 338 4.1 3.8 4.3 70-74 0.7 0.5 0.9 45-49 3.1 2.8 3.5
e
FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
470 198 272 1,584 780 804 50-54 25-29 431 171 260 2.9 2.4 3.3 1,626 769 857 8.4 8.3 8.5 55-59 30-34 350 145 205 2.3 2.0 2.6 1,095 518 577 5.7 5.6 5.7 60-64 35-39 266 103 163 1.8 1.4 2.1 964 389 575 5.0 4.2 5.7 65-69 40-44 212 87 125 1.4 1.2 1.6 798 368 430 4.1 4.0 4.3 70-74 45-49 175 89 86 1.2 1.2 1.1 663 294 369 3.4 3.2 3.7 75-79 50-54 100 35 65 0.7 0.5 0.8 625 271 354 3.2 2.9 3.5 80-84 55-59 97 41 56 0.6 0.6 0.7 445 193 252 2.3 2.1 2.5 85+ 60-64 84 23 61 0.6 0.3 0.8 328 129 199 1.7 1.4 2.0 65-69 Manyagiro Sector 210 73 137 1.1 0.8 1.4 Count % 70-74 Five-year Both Both 179 63 116 0.9 0.7 1.2 age groups sexes Male Female sexes Male Female 75-79 138 56 82 0.7 0.6 0.8 Total 19,371 9,291 10,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 80-84 0-4 112 46 66 0.6 0.5 0.7 2,637 1,329 1,308 13.6 14.3 13.0 85+ 5-9 97 24 73 0.5 0.3 0.7 2,769 1,431 1,338 14.3 15.4 13.3 10-14 Miyove Sector 2,913 1,462 1,451 15.0 15.7 14.4 Count % 15-19 Five-year Both Both 2,188 1,096 1,092 11.3 11.8 10.8 age groups sexes Male Female sexes Male Female 20-24 8.2 8.4 8.0 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
f
FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
16,299 7,478 8,821 80-84 0-4 112 42 70 0.7 0.6 0.8 2,178 1,062 1,116 13.4 14.2 12.7 85+ 5-9 59 20 39 0.4 0.3 0.4 2,304 1,107 1,197 14.1 14.8 13.6 10-14 Mukarange Sector 2,287 1,103 1,184 14.0 14.7 13.4 Count % 15-19 Five-year Both Both 2,008 962 1,046 12.3 12.9 11.9 age groups sexes Male Female sexes Male Female 20-24 1,524 683 841 9.4 9.1 9.5 Total 16,081 7,662 8,419 100.0 100.0 100.0 25-29 0-4 1,243 556 687 7.6 7.4 7.8 2,023 1,012 1,011 12.6 13.2 12.0 30-34 5-9 1,060 475 585 6.5 6.4 6.6 2,317 1,093 1,224 14.4 14.3 14.5 35-39 10-14 753 312 441 4.6 4.2 5.0 2,144 1,066 1,078 13.3 13.9 12.8 40-44 15-19 642 279 363 3.9 3.7 4.1 1,872 955 917 11.6 12.5 10.9 45-49 20-24 479 194 285 2.9 2.6 3.2 1,571 758 813 9.8 9.9 9.7 50-54 25-29 553 224 329 3.4 3.0 3.7 1,221 607 614 7.6 7.9 7.3 55-59 30-34 410 181 229 2.5 2.4 2.6 937 430 507 5.8 5.6 6.0 60-64 35-39 298 125 173 1.8 1.7 2.0 741 331 410 4.6 4.3 4.9 65-69 40-44 151 68 83 0.9 0.9 0.9 649 294 355 4.0 3.8 4.2 70-74 45-49 135 56 79 0.8 0.7 0.9 452 193 259 2.8 2.5 3.1 75-79 50-54 103 29 74 0.6 0.4 0.8 605 255 350 3.8 3.3 4.2
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
55-59 30-34 513 234 279 3.2 3.1 3.3 1,104 528 576 6.3 6.3 6.2 60-64 35-39 315 153 162 2.0 2.0 1.9 854 383 471 4.8 4.6 5.1 65-69 40-44 183 72 111 1.1 0.9 1.3 686 291 395 3.9 3.5 4.3 70-74 45-49 214 94 120 1.3 1.2 1.4 582 268 314 3.3 3.2 3.4 75-79 50-54 125 40 85 0.8 0.5 1.0 597 261 336 3.4 3.1 3.6 80-84 55-59 130 51 79 0.8 0.7 0.9 438 189 249 2.5 2.3 2.7 85+ 60-64 69 24 45 0.4 0.3 0.5 325 123 202 1.8 1.5 2.2 65-69 Muko Sector 209 71 138 1.2 0.8 1.5 Count % 70-74 Five-year Both Both 223 83 140 1.3 1.0 1.5 age groups sexes Male Female sexes Male Female 75-79 118 53 65 0.7 0.6 0.7 Total 17,647 8,355 9,292 100.0 100.0 100.0 80-84 0-4 107 48 59 0.6 0.6 0.6 2,492 1,234 1,258 14.1 14.8 13.5 85+ 5-9 43 15 28 0.2 0.2 0.3 2,659 1,358 1,301 15.1 16.3 14.0 10-14 Mutete Sector 2,338 1,104 1,234 13.2 13.2 13.3 Count % 15-19 Five-year Both Both 1,789 896 893 10.1 10.7 9.6 age groups sexes Male Female sexes Male Female 20-24 1,579 720 859 8.9 8.6 9.2 Total 23,053 10,825 12,228 100.0 100.0 100.0 25-29 0-4 1,504 730 774 8.5 8.7 8.3 3,004 1,526 1,478 13.0 14.1 12.1
h
FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
5-9 55 17 38 3,340 1,628 1,712 14.5 15.0 14.0 10-14 Nyamiyaga Sector 2,901 1,349 1,552 12.6 12.5 12.7 Count % 15-19 Five-year Both Both 2,469 1,195 1,274 10.7 11.0 10.4 age groups sexes Male Female sexes Male Female 20-24 2,124 978 1,146 9.2 9.0 9.4 Total 18,284 8,620 9,664 100.0 100.0 100.0 25-29 0-4 1,989 948 1,041 8.6 8.8 8.5 2,632 1,338 1,294 14.4 15.5 13.4 30-34 5-9 1,594 730 864 6.9 6.7 7.1 2,952 1,481 1,471 16.1 17.2 15.2 35-39 10-14 1,180 503 677 5.1 4.6 5.5 2,395 1,131 1,264 13.1 13.1 13.1 40-44 15-19 1,057 490 567 4.6 4.5 4.6 2,033 952 1,081 11.1 11.0 11.2 45-49 20-24 798 357 441 3.5 3.3 3.6 1,474 688 786 8.1 8.0 8.1 50-54 25-29 788 348 440 3.4 3.2 3.6 1,372 641 731 7.5 7.4 7.6 55-59 30-34 549 262 287 2.4 2.4 2.3 1,128 512 616 6.2 5.9 6.4 60-64 35-39 419 177 242 1.8 1.6 2.0 947 406 541 5.2 4.7 5.6 65-69 40-44 267 110 157 1.2 1.0 1.3 817 354 463 4.5 4.1 4.8 70-74 45-49 242 87 155 1.0 0.8 1.3 548 259 289 3.0 3.0 3.0 75-79 50-54 182 78 104 0.8 0.7 0.9 515 246 269 2.8 2.9 2.8 80-84 55-59 95 42 53 0.4 0.4 0.4 447 215 232 2.4 2.5 2.4 85+ 0.2 0.2 0.3 60-64 1.8 1.6 2.1
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
338 139 199 1,055 472 583 65-69 40-44 216 76 140 1.2 0.9 1.4 962 503 459 4.5 4.7 4.3 70-74 45-49 220 92 128 1.2 1.1 1.3 831 419 412 3.9 3.9 3.8 75-79 50-54 103 42 61 0.6 0.5 0.6 891 468 423 4.1 4.3 3.9 80-84 55-59 91 34 57 0.5 0.4 0.6 617 352 265 2.9 3.3 2.5 85+ 60-64 56 14 42 0.3 0.2 0.4 403 208 195 1.9 1.9 1.8 65-69 Nyankenke Sector 225 106 119 1.0 1.0 1.1 Count % 70-74 Five-year Both Both 280 119 161 1.3 1.1 1.5 age groups sexes Male Female sexes Male Female 75-79 148 71 77 0.7 0.7 0.7 Total 21,560 10,776 10,784 100.0 100.0 100.0 80-84 0-4 136 69 67 0.6 0.6 0.6 2,406 1,212 1,194 11.2 11.2 11.1 85+ 5-9 88 26 62 0.4 0.2 0.6 2,798 1,403 1,395 13.0 13.0 12.9 10-14 Rubaya Sector 3,030 1,427 1,603 14.1 13.2 14.9 Count % 15-19 Five-year Both Both 2,367 1,158 1,209 11.0 10.7 11.2 age groups sexes Male Female sexes Male Female 20-24 1,981 1,052 929 9.2 9.8 8.6 Total 10,509 5,030 5,479 100.0 100.0 100.0 25-29 0-4 1,887 963 924 8.8 8.9 8.6 1,394 711 683 13.3 14.1 12.5 30-34 5-9 1,455 748 707 6.7 6.9 6.6 1,630 792 838 15.5 15.7 15.3 35-39 4.9 4.4 5.4 10-14 13.3 13.0 13.7
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
1,402 654 748 15-19 Rukomo Sector 1,166 601 565 11.1 11.9 10.3 Count % 20-24 Five-year Both Both 929 482 447 8.8 9.6 8.2 age groups sexes Male Female sexes Male Female 25-29 885 467 418 8.4 9.3 7.6 Total 24,989 11,998 12,991 100.0 100.0 100.0 30-34 0-4 663 316 347 6.3 6.3 6.3 3,167 1,615 1,552 12.7 13.5 11.9 35-39 5-9 506 220 286 4.8 4.4 5.2 3,892 1,942 1,950 15.6 16.2 15.0 40-44 10-14 315 141 174 3.0 2.8 3.2 3,441 1,717 1,724 13.8 14.3 13.3 45-49 15-19 311 128 183 3.0 2.5 3.3 2,917 1,361 1,556 11.7 11.3 12.0 50-54 20-24 370 150 220 3.5 3.0 4.0 2,250 1,068 1,182 9.0 8.9 9.1 55-59 25-29 258 100 158 2.5 2.0 2.9 1,985 956 1,029 7.9 8.0 7.9 60-64 30-34 220 90 130 2.1 1.8 2.4 1,479 672 807 5.9 5.6 6.2 65-69 35-39 149 58 91 1.4 1.2 1.7 1,238 520 718 5.0 4.3 5.5 70-74 40-44 118 54 64 1.1 1.1 1.2 1,028 467 561 4.1 3.9 4.3 75-79 45-49 71 24 47 0.7 0.5 0.9 738 358 380 3.0 3.0 2.9 80-84 50-54 65 23 42 0.6 0.5 0.8 838 416 422 3.4 3.5 3.2 85+ 55-59 57 19 38 0.5 0.4 0.7 617 302 315 2.5 2.5 2.4 60-64
460 229 231 1.8 1.9 1.8
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
65-69 40-44 299 129 170 1.2 1.1 1.3 515 231 284 4.1 3.9 4.2 70-74 45-49 232 107 125 0.9 0.9 1.0 382 173 209 3.0 2.9 3.1 75-79 50-54 162 62 100 0.6 0.5 0.8 416 189 227 3.3 3.2 3.4 80-84 55-59 131 48 83 0.5 0.4 0.6 302 124 178 2.4 2.1 2.7 85+ 60-64 115 29 86 0.5 0.2 0.7 237 98 139 1.9 1.6 2.1 65-69 Rushaki Sector 175 68 107 1.4 1.1 1.6 Count % 70-74 Five-year Both Both 138 58 80 1.1 1.0 1.2 age groups sexes Male Female sexes Male Female 75-79 106 51 55 0.8 0.9 0.8 Total 12,672 5,967 6,705 100.0 100.0 100.0 80-84 0-4 91 43 48 0.7 0.7 0.7 1,662 769 893 13.1 12.9 13.3 85+ 5-9 67 31 36 0.5 0.5 0.5 1,806 879 927 14.3 14.7 13.8 10-14 Rutare Sector 1,782 831 951 14.1 13.9 14.2 Count % 15-19 Five-year Both Both 1,429 705 724 11.3 11.8 10.8 age groups sexes Male Female sexes Male Female 20-24 1,194 593 601 9.4 9.9 9.0 Total 23,583 11,205 12,378 100.0 100.0 100.0 25-29 0-4 1,060 508 552 8.4 8.5 8.2 3,113 1,587 1,526 13.2 14.2 12.3 30-34 5-9 778 385 393 6.1 6.5 5.9 3,526 1,726 1,800 15.0 15.4 14.5 35-39 10-14 532 231 301 4.2 3.9 4.5 3,165 1,566 1,599 13.4 14.0 12.9
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
15-19 age groups Both Both 2,512 1,233 1,279 10.7 11.0 10.3 sexes Male Female sexes Male Female 20-24 2,117 1,019 1,098 9.0 9.1 8.9 Total 18,962 9,053 9,909 100.0 100.0 100.0 25-29 0-4 1,891 913 978 8.0 8.1 7.9 2,639 1,311 1,328 13.9 14.5 13.4 30-34 5-9 1,645 785 860 7.0 7.0 6.9 2,870 1,429 1,441 15.1 15.8 14.5 35-39 10-14 1,085 465 620 4.6 4.1 5.0 2,331 1,114 1,217 12.3 12.3 12.3 40-44 15-19 1,013 427 586 4.3 3.8 4.7 2,043 987 1,056 10.8 10.9 10.7 45-49 20-24 788 352 436 3.3 3.1 3.5 1,704 799 905 9.0 8.8 9.1 50-54 25-29 757 342 415 3.2 3.1 3.4 1,465 676 789 7.7 7.5 8.0 55-59 30-34 612 271 341 2.6 2.4 2.8 1,151 516 635 6.1 5.7 6.4 60-64 35-39 478 214 264 2.0 1.9 2.1 968 454 514 5.1 5.0 5.2 65-69 40-44 238 80 158 1.0 0.7 1.3 814 408 406 4.3 4.5 4.1 70-74 45-49 232 88 144 1.0 0.8 1.2 617 295 322 3.3 3.3 3.2 75-79 50-54 189 66 123 0.8 0.6 1.0 658 313 345 3.5 3.5 3.5 80-84 55-59 137 42 95 0.6 0.4 0.8 550 272 278 2.9 3.0 2.8 85+ 60-64 85 29 56 0.4 0.3 0.5 355 166 189 1.9 1.8 1.9 65-69
Ruvune Sector 187 71 116 1.0 0.8 1.2
Five-year Count % 70-74 1.4 1.3 1.6
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
271 117 154 437 217 220 75-79 50-54 135 56 79 0.7 0.6 0.8 430 188 242 3.3 3.0 3.6 80-84 55-59 116 38 78 0.6 0.4 0.8 346 173 173 2.7 2.8 2.6 85+ 60-64 88 31 57 0.5 0.3 0.6 255 116 139 2.0 1.9 2.1 65-69 Rwamiko Sector 163 69 94 1.3 1.1 1.4 Count % 70-74 Five-year Both Both 172 67 105 1.3 1.1 1.6 age groups sexes Male Female sexes Male Female 75-79 100 41 59 0.8 0.7 0.9 Total 12,959 6,194 6,765 100.0 100.0 100.0 80-84 0-4 85 31 54 0.7 0.5 0.8 1,710 841 869 13.2 13.6 12.8 85+ 5-9 58 23 35 0.4 0.4 0.5 2,017 988 1,029 15.6 16.0 15.2 10-14 Shangasha Sector 1,793 873 920 13.8 14.1 13.6 Count % 15-19 Five-year Both Both 1,285 635 650 9.9 10.3 9.6 age groups sexes Male Female sexes Male Female 20-24 1,104 551 553 8.5 8.9 8.2 Total 15,929 7,603 8,326 100.0 100.0 100.0 25-29 0-4 895 428 467 6.9 6.9 6.9 1,977 971 1,006 12.4 12.8 12.1 30-34 5-9 863 394 469 6.7 6.4 6.9 2,433 1,203 1,230 15.3 15.8 14.8 35-39 10-14 637 275 362 4.9 4.4 5.4 2,222 1,067 1,155 13.9 14.0 13.9 40-44 15-19 609 284 325 4.7 4.6 4.8 1,774 868 906 11.1 11.4 10.9 45-49 3.4 3.5 3.3 20-24 9.1 9.5 8.6
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
1,445 725 720 Appendix 2: Number of Population of Gicumbi District 2015 25-29 1,391 678 713 8.7 8.9 8.6 No SECTOR AREA NUMBER OF POPULATION 30-34 (Km2) Male Female Toatl POPULATION 933 440 493 5.9 5.8 5.9 DENSITY 35-39
683 309 374 4.3 4.1 4.5 1 Bukure 41.5 8,934 9,417 18,351 442 40-44 2 Bwisige 47.3 7,533 8,353 15,886 336 609 286 323 3.8 3.8 3.9 3 Byumba 48.9 18,151 20,131 38,282 783 45-49 4 Cyumba 22.5 7,219 8,041 15,260 678 460 196 264 2.9 2.6 3.2 5 Giti 36.3 7,306 8,052 15,358 423 50-54 6 Kageyo 31.3 15,409 17,622 33,031 1,055 589 241 348 3.7 3.2 4.2 7 Kaniga 39.2 7,500 8,303 15,803 403 55-59 8 Manyagiro 29.9 9,689 10,666 20,355 681 455 205 250 2.9 2.7 3.0 9 Miyove 27.8 7,970 9,056 17,026 612 60-64 10 Mukarange 40.4 8,113 8,874 16,987 420 286 142 144 1.8 1.9 1.7 11 Muko 48.2 8,658 9,606 18,264 379 65-69 12 Mutete 56.5 10,972 12,619 23,591 418 186 74 112 1.2 1.0 1.3 13 Nyamiyaga 38.8 8,877 10,061 18,938 488 70-74 14 Nyankenke 31.7 10,882 11,199 22,081 697 178 67 111 1.1 0.9 1.3 15 Rubaya 16.2 5,226 5,774 11,000 679 75-79 16 Rukomo 51.4 12,375 13,481 25,856 503 131 56 75 0.8 0.7 0.9 17 Rushaki 46.7 6,254 7,196 13,450 288 80-84 18 Rutare 53.8 11,456 12,782 24,238 451 115 51 64 0.7 0.7 0.8 19 Ruvune 59.3 9,813 10,566 20,379 344 85+ 20 Rwamiko 28.5 6,056 7,138 13,194 463 62 24 38 0.4 0.3 0.5 21 Shangasha 32.8 7,984 8,835 16,819 513 Source: Gicumbi District from Administrative data (Sectors monthly reports) District 829.0 196,377 217,772 414,149 500 Source: Gicumbi District from
Administrative data (Sectors monthly reports)
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
1. Food Appendix 3: Questionnaires 2. Clothing QUESTIONNAIRE FOR SOCIO- ECONOMIC DATA SURVEY IN THE PREPARATION OF 3. Education URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLANS OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN 4. Healthcare 5. Transport Sector………………………………………….Cell………………… 6. Rent Name of settlement: ……………………………………………………. 7. Other (Specify) Dear Respondent, 14 Do you own this plot of land where you live Yes No This questionnaire intends to collect essential data as basis for upgrading and developing of your 15 If yes, do you have a title deed Yes No settlement. You are therefore humbly requested to provide right answers in order to obtain trustful 16 If yes above, what is the reason? results Reason: Confidentiality of your information is fully guaranteed. 17 If you rent the house, how much is the rent (Per Month, FRw) Please feel free to ask for clarifications if any question is unclear to you. 18 What are the challenges you face by living in this area We appreciate your cooperation.
RWANDA CONSTRUCT LTD, 19 What are some of the benefits you enjoy by living in this area JANUARY 2015.
1. Name of Household Head 20 Have you experienced any natural disasters while living here? E.g. Floods Yes No 2. Gender of Household Head Male Female 21 If yes, which disasters 3. Age of Household head 4 Marital status Single Married Divorced widowed 22 If yes what was the magnitude? Very Tragic Tragic Not Tragic 5 Household size (Total number) 23 If yes, what was the outcome of the disaster? 6 District of birth 1. Permanent Displacements 2. Temporary displacements 3. No effect 7 If not Gicumbi, District of birth 4. Other effect (Specify) 8 If not born in Gicumbi, Reason for Relocating 24 Are you connected to the public water network Yes No 1. Marriage 2. Work 3. Own property 4. Other (Specify) 25 If not, where is your main source of water? 9 Highest level of Education 1. Public water taps 2. Protected spring 3. River/stream 4. Lake 5.Other (specify) 1. Primary School 2. Secondary School 3. Tertiary Education 4. None 26 Are you connected to the electricity network Yes No 10 Main Source of Household income 27 If not, reason 1. Employment 2. Business 3. Agriculture 4. Other (Specify) 11 Other sources of income 28 How do you access information? 1. Employment 2. Business 3. Agriculture 4. Other (Specify) 1. Internet 2. Phone 3. Radio 4. Television 5. Public Announcements 6. Other (Specify) 12 Approximate total Household income per month 29 How many minutes does it take to access the following facilities by foot? 13 Approximate expenditure on the following items per month
p
FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Primary School Secondary School Health Centre Market Public water Taxi park We appreciate your cooperation. point RWANDA CONSTRUCT ______30 How do you dispose the following household wastes JANUARY 2015. A Liquid waste: 1. Public waste water drains 2. Land Application 3. Private collection and disposal 1. Name of Business 4. Other (Specify) B Solid Waste: 1. Compost pit 2. Burning 3.Private collection 2. Nature of Business Sale of goods Services 4. Other (Specify) 3 Specific products sold 31 Housing typology 1. Bungalow 2. Mansion 3. Detached (Single standing unit) 4. Semi-detached unit 3. Age of Business owner 32 Number of Rooms in the House 6 District of birth of business owner 33 Building materials for the following housing components: A Roof: 1. Iron Sheets 2. Burnt Tiles 3. Other (Specify) 7 Highest level of Education B Walls: 1. Burnt Bricks 2. Stones 3.Earth Blocks 4. Other (Specify) 1. Primary School 2. Secondary School 3. Tertiary Education 4. None C Foundation: 1. Stones and cement 2. Stones and mud 3. No foundation 4.Other (Specify) 8 Other Source of Household income apart from business 34 General condition of the house 1. Employment 2. Agriculture 3. None 4. Other (Specify) 1. Good 2. Average 3. poor 35 What is your vision for this area in the next 10-20 years 12 Approximate total income per month
13 Approximate expenditure on the following items per month Thank You ;) Electricity QUESTIONNAIRE FOR BUSINESS OWNERS SURVEY IN THE PREPARATION OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLANS OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN Water Sector………………………………………….Cell………………… Salaries/ staff Name of settlement: ……………………………………………………. Licences/ local taxes Dear Respondent, Transport This questionnaire intends to collect essential data as basis for upgrading and developing of your Rent settlement. You are therefore humbly requested to provide right answers in order to obtain trustful results Other (Specify)
Confidentiality of your information is fully guaranteed. 18 What are the challenges you face by doing business in this area?
Please feel free to ask for clarifications if any question is unclear to you.
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
School School Centre point
______
19 What are some of the opportunities you enjoy by doing business in this area? 30 How do you dispose the following household wastes
A Liquid waste: 1. Public waste water drains 2. Land Application 3. Private collection and disposal 4. Other (Specify)
B Solid Waste: 1. Compost pit 2. Burning 3.Private collection 20 Have you experienced any natural disasters while living here? E.g. Floods Yes No
4. Other (Specify) 21 If yes, which disasters
31 Housing typology
Bungalow 2. Mansion 3. Detached (Single standing unit) 4. Semi-detached unit
32 Number of Rooms in the House 22 If yes what was the magnitude? Very Tragic Tragic Not Tragic
33 Building materials for the following housing components: 23 If yes, what was the outcome of the disaster?
A Roof: 1. Iron Sheets 2. Burnt Tiles 3. Other (Specify) Permanent Displacements 2. Temporary displacements 3. No effect 4. Other effect (Specify)
B Walls: 1. Burnt Bricks 2. Stones 3.Earth Blocks 4. Other (Specify) ` Are you connected to the public water network Yes No
C Foundation: 1. Stones and cement 2. Stones and mud 3. No foundation 4.Other (Specify) 25 If not, where is your main source of water?
34 General condition of the house Public water taps 2. Protected spring 3. River/stream 4. Lake 5.Other (specify)
Good 2. Average 3. poor 26 Are you connected to the electricity network Yes No
35 What is your vision for this area in the next 10-20 years 27 If not, reason
Thank You ;) 28 How do you access information?
Internet 2. Phone 3. Radio 4. Television 5. Public Announcements 6. Other (Specify)
29 How many minutes does it take to access the following facilities by foot?
Primary Secondary Health Market Public water Taxi park
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FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
Appendix 4: Details for one stop border post facilities
a
FEASABILITY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GATUNA BORDER TOWN – By RWANDA CONSTRUCT 2015
b