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Rwanda Irrigation Master Plan

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Rwanda Irrigation Master Plan Rwanda Irrigation Master Plan The Government of Rwanda, Ministry of Agriculture & Animal Resources Ebony Enterprises Ltd The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Rwanda Irrigation Master Plan The Government of Rwanda, Ministry of Agriculture & Animal Resources Ebony Enterprises Limited The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) i Rwanda Irrigation Master Plan The Government of Rwanda, Ministry of Agriculture & Animal Resources Ebony Enterprises Limited The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Coordinators of IMP Study: NGABONZIZA Prime MAIMBO Mabanga Malesu Supervisor of IMP study: DVOSKIN Dan Authors: MAIMBO Mabanga Malesu ODUOR Alex Raymonds KIPRUTO Cherogony NYOLEI Douglas GACHENE Charles BIAMAH Elijah Kipngetich O’NEIL Mick MIYUKI Ilyama JEPHINE Mogoi Steering Committee Members: SENDEGE Norbert NGABONZIZA Prime NZEYIMANA Innocent MUSABYIMANA Innocent MUSABYIMANA J. Claude AZENE BEKELE Tesemma KAGABO Desire HARINDINTWALI Reverien BAYOULI Amor MOULAYE Abdou Enterprises Ltd. Republic of Rwanda Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources, MINAGRI ii Acknowledgement The World Agroforestry Centre greatly appreciates the opportunity accorded by the Managing Director of Ebony Enterprises Limited, Brigadier General (Rtd) Danny Kassif, to participate in the Rwanda Irrigation Master Plan through a sub-contractual agreement signed in March 2009. Upon inception of Phase I study, a number of Ebony personnel provided administrative and logistical support which cannot go unrecognized. These include Pini Moria, Ram Lustgarten, Arik Almog, Adina Avisar and Avi Evron. Cognizance is also extended to the Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources for providing technical backstopping and logistical support while carrying out the study in Rwanda. The following Officers are highly appreciated for their contributions to ensuring that Phase I of the study was a success: The Permanent Secretary – MINAGRI, Mr. RUZINDAZA Ernest - for providing guidance in policy matters; Mr. NGABONZIZA Prime as the IMP Coordinator - for ensuring that ICRAF got everything that they needed for the study; HARINDINTWALI Reverien for data collection, guidance during ground-truthing and validation of selected potential irrigation sites. Other institutions acknowledged for the technical support they provided to ICRAF include; Ministry of Infrastructure (MININFRA), Ministry of Environment and Lands (MINELA), Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and COCA Sarl. Finally, the authors appreciate the support accorded to them by Dr. Jeremiahs Mowo - The Regional Coordinator of World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), East Africa region. Others from the ICRAF – E.A. office include Meshack Nyabenge, Rose Onyango, Susan Yiapan and Nancy Oseko. iii Published by: World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), United Nations Avenue, Gigiri. P. O. Box 30677– 00100. Nairobi, Kenya. 2010. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Water Management Unit, Ebony Enterprises Ltd (Israel), Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources (MINAGRI), Rwanda © World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2010. Edited by: Eric McGaw Photo credits: Malesu M. Maimbo - ICRAF (cover & inner pages) Alex Raymonds Oduor - ICRAF (inner pages) Isaiah Sijali - KARI (inner pages) IRRICO International (inner pages) Computer graphics: Peter Mungai - Logitech Ltd Evans Oduor - Pixiniti Studios GIS Analysis and products: Meshack Nyabenge and Douglas Nyolei World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Design and Layout : Peter Mungai - Logitech Ltd Administrative and Logistical Support: Susan N. Yiapan World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Cataloguing-in-publication data: Malesu M. M., Oduor A.R., Chrogony K., Nyolei D., Gachene C.K.K., Biamah E. K., O’Neil M., Ilyama M. and Mogoi J. 2010. Rwanda Irrigation Master Plan. The Government of Rwanda, Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources, Ebony Company Limited and World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). Nairobi, Kenya. 240p +xii p; includes bibliography. ISBN: 978 92 9059 278 5 Disclaimour : The contents of this book may reproduced with permission from the Government of Rwanda, Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources (MINAGRI). Views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of MINAGRI. Printed by: Colour Print Ltd P.O. Box 44466 Nairobi, Kenya. iv Table of contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................1 1.1. Overview .....................................................................................1 1.2. Economy ......................................................................................2 1.3. History of irrigation and drainage in Rwanda ................................4 1.4. Water resources for irrigation ........................................................5 1.5. Rationale for an IMP for Rwanda ..................................................6 1.6. Aim and objectives of an IMP .......................................................7 1.7. Methodology ................................................................................8 1.8. Development of GIS for site localisation and visualisation ..........11 1.9. The GIS methodology .................................................................13 1.10. Rationale for an IMP development matrix ...................................13 1.11. Policy issues ...............................................................................14 2. Biophysical profile ................................................................................15 2.1. Introduction ................................................................................15 2.2. The GIS database of biophysical profiles .....................................16 2.3. Administrative and infrastructural data ........................................17 2.4. Land and soils data .....................................................................18 2.5. Climate data ...............................................................................28 2.6. Agroclimatic zones .....................................................................31 3. Identification of Potential Irrigation Areas ..............................................37 3.1. Development of a Potential Irrigation Area (PIA) decision support tool ..................................................................37 3.2. Criteria used in the determination of PIAs ...................................41 3.3. Multi-criteria analysis to identify PIAs .........................................34 4. Water resource availability ....................................................................47 4.1. General background ...................................................................47 4.2. Water resources data ..................................................................48 4.3. Hydrography ..............................................................................50 4.4. Hydrogeological potential ..........................................................60 4.5. Water quality ..............................................................................61 4.6. National water balance ..............................................................62 4.7. Water usage ...............................................................................62 5. Irrigation domains .................................................................................67 5.1. Runoff for dams ..........................................................................68 5.2. River and flood water domain .....................................................70 5.3. Lake water resources domain .....................................................71 5.4. Groundwater resources domain ..................................................73 5.5. Runoff for small reservoirs domain .............................................75 v 5.6. Marshland resource domain .......................................................77 5.7. Summary of potential irrigable areas ...........................................78 6. Criteria for crop selection and estimated crop water requirements .........81 6.1. Crop selection support tool criteria .............................................81 6.2. Crop choice summary ................................................................97 6.3. Crop water requirements ............................................................98 7. Water supply and irrigation systems for Rwanda ..................................109 7.1. Water supply ............................................................................109 7.2. Estimated cost for a sample irrigation project ............................122 8. IMP alternatives: organization and control of irrigation supply management .............................................................125 8.1. Introduction ..............................................................................125 8.2. Organizational objectives for water management .....................126 8.3. Activities undertaken by a water organization ...........................127 8.4. IMP organizational structure alternatives ..................................128 8.5. An IMP analysis and the development of a decision support tool ....................................................................130 8.6. Initializing, planning and implementing irrigation projects .......133 8.7. Summary ..................................................................................134 9. Transition to modern irrigated agriculture ............................................135
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