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RWANDA ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (REMA) Public Disclosure Authorized

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RWANDA ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (REMA) Public Disclosure Authorized RWANDA ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (REMA) Public Disclosure Authorized THE LANDSCAPE APPROACH TO FOREST RESTORATION AND CONSERVATION (LAFREC) PROJECT IN RWANDA (GISHWATI AND MUKURA FOREST RESERVES) Public Disclosure Authorized SOCIAL ASSESSMENT FINAL REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized THARCISSE MUSABYIMANA Tel. +250 788640812 Email: [email protected] Public Disclosure Authorized April 2014 Page 1 of 93 Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................................ 0 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................... 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Objective of the Study .................................................................................................................. 5 1.2 Methodology ................................................................................................................................ 5 1.2.1 Desk review .............................................................................................................................................. 6 1.2.2 Field Research .......................................................................................................................................... 6 1.2.3 Sample and sampling technique .............................................................................................................. 6 1.3 Key Findings ................................................................................................................................. 7 2. ASSESSMENT SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................... 10 2.1 Selection of Areas and Target Groups ........................................................................................ 10 2.2 Applied Definition of Vulnerable Social Groups ........................................................................ 12 3. REVIEW OF DATA FROM SECONDARY SOURCES ............................................................................. 13 3.1 MUKURA AND GISHWATI FOREST RESERVES ................................................................. 13 3.1.1 A short description of Mukura and Gishwati forest reserves and Mukura and Gishwati corridor as LAFREC site ............................................................................................................................................... 13 3.1.2 Mukura Forest Reserve .......................................................................................................................... 15 3.1.3 Gishwati Forest Reserve ........................................................................................................................ 15 3.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILES OF DISTRICTS TOUCHING ON MUKURA AND GISHWATI FORESTS ....................................................................................................................................... 17 3.2.1 Rutsiro District ...................................................................................................................................... 17 3.2.2 NGORORERO DISTRICT .................................................................................................................... 28 3.2.3 NYABIHU DISTRICT ........................................................................................................................... 38 3.2.4 RUBAVU DISTRICT ............................................................................................................................ 51 3.3 POPULATION IN THE VICINITY OF GISHWATI AND MUKURA FORESTS .................... 58 4. MAIN FIELD FINDINGS .......................................................................................................................... 60 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 60 4.2 The Socioeconomic and Cultural Fabric of People Living in LAFREC Site ................. 61 4.2.1 People around Gishwati and Mukura forests ........................................................................................ 61 4.2.2 People living in the corridor .................................................................................................................. 61 4.2.3 People living in or neighbouring the buffer zones ................................................................................. 62 4.2.4 Attitudes towards the reserves .............................................................................................................. 62 4.2.5 Expectations of the population from LAFREC ..................................................................................... 63 4.3 Presence of Specific Vulnerable Social Groups in LAFREC site ................................................ 66 4.3.1 People with disability ............................................................................................................................ 67 4.3.2 Women and Girls .................................................................................................................................. 68 4.3.3 Female Headed Households .................................................................................................................. 68 Page 2 of 93 4.3.4 Youth ..................................................................................................................................................... 69 4.3.5 Children and Orphans ........................................................................................................................... 69 4.3.6 Elderly .................................................................................................................................................... 70 4.3.7 Single Parents ........................................................................................................................................ 70 4.3.8 Anticipated Positive LAFREC Impact .................................................................................................. 70 4.4 Anticipated Social Risks .............................................................................................. 71 4.4.1 Possible involuntary resettlement ......................................................................................................... 71 4.4.2 Getting people to accept to introduce new species and farming practices ........................................... 71 4.4.3 Social-Environmental Linkages ............................................................................................................. 71 4.4.4 Formal Access to Finance ...................................................................................................................... 72 4.4.5 Non-Financial Services .......................................................................................................................... 72 4.4.6 Gender Aspects and Institutional Capacities ........................................................................................ 73 4.4.7 VSG Sensitive Cross-Sectorial Coordination ........................................................................................ 74 4.4.8 Access to Information for All ................................................................................................................. 74 4.4.9 Monitoring Capacity ............................................................................................................................. 74 4.4.10 Local Level Actor Coordination and LAFREC Task Forces .............................................................. 74 4.5 Recommendations: Risk Mitigation Measures and Strategies .................................... 75 4.5.1 Getting people’s acceptance and cooperation and satisfaction of LAFREC activities ......................... 75 4.5.2 Accompanying resettled or relocated people for full resettlement ....................................................... 76 4.5.3 Facilitating Women and Girls Participation in LAFREC ..................................................................... 77 4.5.4 Broaden Access to Business Development Services ............................................................................... 78 4.5.5 Broaden Access to Financial Services .................................................................................................... 79 4.5.6 Recognizing Social-Environmental Linkages ........................................................................................ 79 4.5.7 Training and Information Needs at Cell levels ...................................................................................... 80 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................... 81 APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................................ 83 APPENDIX 1: SOCIAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LANDSCAPE APPROACH TO FOREST RESTORATION AND CONSERVATION (LAFREC) PROJECT AREA: INTERVIEW AND DISCUSSION GUIDE 83 APPENDIX 2: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS IN THE SOCIAL ASSESSMENT .................................. 87 APPENDIX 3: MAPS OF LAFREC
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