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3. Language Attitudes Studies Nom/Logotip de la Universitat on s’ha llegit la tesi Language attitudes in a multilingual and multicultural context. The case of autochthonous and immigrant students in Catalonia Maria Adelina Ianos Dipòsit Legal: L.406-2014 http://hd l.handle.net/10803/132963 ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs. ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis doctoral y su utilización debe respetar los derechos de la persona autora. Puede ser utilizada para consulta o estudio personal, así como en actividades o materiales de investigación y docencia en los términos establecidos en el art. 32 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (RDL 1/1996). Para otros usos se requiere la autorización previa y expresa de la persona autora. En cualquier caso, en la utilización de sus contenidos se deberá indicar de forma clara el nombre y apellidos de la persona autora y el título de la tesis doctoral. No se autoriza su reproducción u otras formas de explotación efectuadas con fines lucrativos ni su comunicación pública desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. Tampoco se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al contenido de la tesis como a sus resúmenes e índices. WARNING. Access to the contents of this doctoral thesis and its use must respect the rights of the author. It can be used for reference or private study, as well as research and learning activities or materials in the terms established by the 32nd article of the Spanish Consolidated Copyright Act (RDL 1/1996). Express and previous authorization of the author is required for any other uses. In any case, when using its content, full name of the author and title of the thesis must be clearly indicated. Reproduction or other forms of for profit use or public communication from outside TDX service is not allowed. Presentation of its content in a window or frame external to TDX (framing) is not authorized either. These rights affect both the content of the thesis and its abstracts and indexes. Doctoral Dissertation LANGUAGE ATTITUDES IN A MULTILINGUAL AND MULTICULTURAL CONTEXT. THE CASE OF AUTOCHTHONOUS AND IMMIGRANT STUDENTS IN CATALONIA MARIA ADELINA IANOS Coordinators: Dr. Judit Janés Dr. Cecilio Lapresta Lleida, 2014 Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to the ―Agència de Gestió d‘Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca‖ (AGAUR) for granting me a FI-DGR scholarship for the 2011-2014 period (Reference number 2011 FI_B 00490). My sincere gratitude also goes to the Department of Education, and especially to all the students, teachers, and administrative personnel involved in this research. My utmost gratitude and appreciation to my supervisors, Judit Janés and Cecilio Lapresta, for their orientations, suggestions, and useful critiques, as well as their encouragement, moral support and patience. It has been a great privilege to spend these past three years as part of the group ―Plurilingualism and education‖, to whose members (Ángel, Clara, Jose Luis, and Silvia) I am immensely grateful for their constant trust and guidance. I would like to extend my thanks to my colleagues, Carmen, Esther, Mireia, and Simona, as well as wish them good luck with their professional endeavours. Finally, I wish to thank my family and my friends for their unconditionnal support and understanding. CONTENTS JUSTIFICATION ................................................................................................................. 23 FIRST PART ......................................................................................................................... 27 1. HUMAN MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS AND MULTILINGUALISM ................... 29 1.1. WORLDWIDE MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS AND MULTILINGUALISM ......... 29 1.1.1. International migration .......................................................................................... 29 1.1.1.1. Theoretical approximation of migration ........................................................ 30 1.1.1.2. International migration in numbers ................................................................ 33 1.1.1.3. Consequences of international immigration .................................................. 37 1.1.2. Multilingualism and multilingual education.......................................................... 39 1.1.2.1. Defining bilingualism and multilingualism ................................................... 39 1.1.2.2. Evolution of the social image of bilingualism and multilingualism .............. 42 1.1.2.3. Multilingual education ................................................................................... 49 1.2. SPAIN .......................................................................................................................... 59 1.2.1. Spain –multilingual state ....................................................................................... 59 1.2.2. Migration in Spain ................................................................................................. 61 1.2.3. Multilingual education in the bilingual autonomous communities of Spain ......... 66 1.2.3.1. Aragon............................................................................................................ 66 1.2.3.2. Asturias .......................................................................................................... 68 1.2.3.3. The Balearic Islands ....................................................................................... 69 1.2.3.4. Galicia ............................................................................................................ 70 1.2.3.5. The Basque Autonomous Community ........................................................... 72 1.2.3.6. Navarre ........................................................................................................... 74 1.2.3.7. The Valencian Community ............................................................................ 75 1.3. CATALONIA............................................................................................................... 77 1.3.1. Social and legal framework ................................................................................... 78 1.3.2. Migration in Catalonia ........................................................................................... 80 1.3.3. Multilingual education in Catalonia ...................................................................... 86 1.3.3.1. The education system of Catalonia ................................................................ 86 1.3.3.2. Immigrant students in the education system of Catalonia ............................. 88 1.3.3.3. Assessment of the education system of Catalonia ......................................... 90 2. ATTITUDES ..................................................................................................................... 93 2.1. THEORETICAL APPROXIMATIONS ...................................................................... 94 2.1.1. Defining attitudes .................................................................................................. 94 2.1.2. Attitudes models .................................................................................................. 102 2.1.2.1. Expectancy-value model .............................................................................. 102 2.1.2.2. Three - component model ............................................................................ 103 2.1.2.3. Association model ........................................................................................ 104 2.1.3. Attitudes and related concepts ............................................................................. 106 2.1.3.1. Beliefs .......................................................................................................... 106 2.1.3.2. Values .......................................................................................................... 107 2.1.3.3. Ideologies ..................................................................................................... 108 2.1.3.4. Social identity .............................................................................................. 109 2.1.3.5. Motivation .................................................................................................... 110 2.1.4. Attitudes and behavior ......................................................................................... 113 2.1.4.1. The attitude-behavior relationship ............................................................... 113 2.1.4.2. Models of the attitudes –behavior relationship
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