Nom/Logotip de la Universitat on s’ha llegit la tesi Language attitudes in a multilingual and multicultural context. The case of autochthonous and immigrant students in Catalonia Maria Adelina Ianos Dipòsit Legal: L.406-2014 http://hd l.handle.net/10803/132963 ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. 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Presentation of its content in a window or frame external to TDX (framing) is not authorized either. These rights affect both the content of the thesis and its abstracts and indexes. Doctoral Dissertation LANGUAGE ATTITUDES IN A MULTILINGUAL AND MULTICULTURAL CONTEXT. THE CASE OF AUTOCHTHONOUS AND IMMIGRANT STUDENTS IN CATALONIA MARIA ADELINA IANOS Coordinators: Dr. Judit Janés Dr. Cecilio Lapresta Lleida, 2014 Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to the ―Agència de Gestió d‘Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca‖ (AGAUR) for granting me a FI-DGR scholarship for the 2011-2014 period (Reference number 2011 FI_B 00490). My sincere gratitude also goes to the Department of Education, and especially to all the students, teachers, and administrative personnel involved in this research. My utmost gratitude and appreciation to my supervisors, Judit Janés and Cecilio Lapresta, for their orientations, suggestions, and useful critiques, as well as their encouragement, moral support and patience. It has been a great privilege to spend these past three years as part of the group ―Plurilingualism and education‖, to whose members (Ángel, Clara, Jose Luis, and Silvia) I am immensely grateful for their constant trust and guidance. I would like to extend my thanks to my colleagues, Carmen, Esther, Mireia, and Simona, as well as wish them good luck with their professional endeavours. Finally, I wish to thank my family and my friends for their unconditionnal support and understanding. CONTENTS JUSTIFICATION ................................................................................................................. 23 FIRST PART ......................................................................................................................... 27 1. HUMAN MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS AND MULTILINGUALISM ................... 29 1.1. WORLDWIDE MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS AND MULTILINGUALISM ......... 29 1.1.1. International migration .......................................................................................... 29 1.1.1.1. Theoretical approximation of migration ........................................................ 30 1.1.1.2. International migration in numbers ................................................................ 33 1.1.1.3. Consequences of international immigration .................................................. 37 1.1.2. Multilingualism and multilingual education.......................................................... 39 1.1.2.1. Defining bilingualism and multilingualism ................................................... 39 1.1.2.2. Evolution of the social image of bilingualism and multilingualism .............. 42 1.1.2.3. Multilingual education ................................................................................... 49 1.2. SPAIN .......................................................................................................................... 59 1.2.1. Spain –multilingual state ....................................................................................... 59 1.2.2. Migration in Spain ................................................................................................. 61 1.2.3. Multilingual education in the bilingual autonomous communities of Spain ......... 66 1.2.3.1. Aragon............................................................................................................ 66 1.2.3.2. Asturias .......................................................................................................... 68 1.2.3.3. The Balearic Islands ....................................................................................... 69 1.2.3.4. Galicia ............................................................................................................ 70 1.2.3.5. The Basque Autonomous Community ........................................................... 72 1.2.3.6. Navarre ........................................................................................................... 74 1.2.3.7. The Valencian Community ............................................................................ 75 1.3. CATALONIA............................................................................................................... 77 1.3.1. Social and legal framework ................................................................................... 78 1.3.2. Migration in Catalonia ........................................................................................... 80 1.3.3. Multilingual education in Catalonia ...................................................................... 86 1.3.3.1. The education system of Catalonia ................................................................ 86 1.3.3.2. Immigrant students in the education system of Catalonia ............................. 88 1.3.3.3. Assessment of the education system of Catalonia ......................................... 90 2. ATTITUDES ..................................................................................................................... 93 2.1. THEORETICAL APPROXIMATIONS ...................................................................... 94 2.1.1. Defining attitudes .................................................................................................. 94 2.1.2. Attitudes models .................................................................................................. 102 2.1.2.1. Expectancy-value model .............................................................................. 102 2.1.2.2. Three - component model ............................................................................ 103 2.1.2.3. Association model ........................................................................................ 104 2.1.3. Attitudes and related concepts ............................................................................. 106 2.1.3.1. Beliefs .......................................................................................................... 106 2.1.3.2. Values .......................................................................................................... 107 2.1.3.3. Ideologies ..................................................................................................... 108 2.1.3.4. Social identity .............................................................................................. 109 2.1.3.5. Motivation .................................................................................................... 110 2.1.4. Attitudes and behavior ......................................................................................... 113 2.1.4.1. The attitude-behavior relationship ............................................................... 113 2.1.4.2. Models of the attitudes –behavior relationship