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Kubitschek's Imperium Romanum Tributim Discriptum Imperium Romanum tributim discriptum, by J. W. Kubitschek. 8vo. pp. iv, 276. Leipzig: Freytag, 1889. 12 Mk.

E. G. Hardy

The Classical Review / Volume 4 / Issue 05 / May 1890, pp 221 - 222 DOI: 10.1017/S0009840X00190365, Published online: 27 October 2009

Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0009840X00190365

How to cite this article: E. G. Hardy (1890). The Classical Review, 4, pp 221-222 doi:10.1017/S0009840X00190365

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Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/CAR, IP address: 128.122.253.212 on 28 Jun 2015 THE CLASSICAL REVIEW. 221

TREUBER'S HISTORY OF THE LYCIANS.

Geschichte der Lylcier, von Dr. OSKAR TKEUBEB. is not found in inscriptions whether native bvo. pp. viii, 247. Stuttgart: Kohl- or Greek, though he claims to find some hammer, 1887. 5 Mk. traces of it (p. 123). The first difficulty is met by assuming that in their dealings with THIS is one of those excellent monographs foreign nations the Lycians not only dropped which are so invaluable to the historian, not the native style and ' did at Rome as Rome only for the information contained in them, did,' but that the ' Mutterfolge ' even in the but for the references which they give. Dr. time of Herodotus was neither strict nor Treuber, who has been a student of the universal (p. 118) ; the second, by regarding subject for twenty years, has collected every- the inscriptions as late and belonging to a thing which is to be found in ancient authors time when the custom in question had died on the history of the Lycians, and he is not out. less familiar with the results of modern Those who are sceptical about survivals exploration and numismatic studies. Be- will perhaps take another view of these ginning with a description of Lycia—of facts. It is easy to suggest that there is no which a good map is given from the hand proof that the matriarchal system ever of Kiepert—he goes on to discuss the ethno- extended to the whole nation :—the contrary logical position of the Lycians, and their is more probable. But if it only extended oldest ' contacts with foreign nations'— to a part, it may have arisen from special notably with the Greeks. Then he goes circumstances, such as those which gave straight through their history till the time prominence to the women of Epizephyrian when Lycia became a Roman province, with Locri. It is worth while, at any rate, to a special chapter on ' the Institutions and remember that even in the history of Argos Tombs of the Lycians.' On the alphabet, and Sparta the calamities of war brought language and archaeology of the nation he about the association of men of a lower rank hardly touches, considering that the inter- with women of a higher. May not something pretation of the language is at present too of the same kind have happened in Lycia 1 doubtful to allow historical conclusions to be Dr. Treuber is not inclined to admit that drawn from it, and that the archaeology is the Lycian federation, of which Strabo has best left to those who have made it a special preserved an account, was in existence at the study. time when Lycia became a part of the Readers will naturally turn to the chapter Persian empire, though he admits ' an ancient on Institutions and Tombs, pp.117 — 134. Amphictyony round the temple of Apollo, Dr. Treuber thinks that the ' Mutterfolge' which gave the city of Xanthus a pre-emi- described by Herodotus (and later by Hera- nence, more ideal than real.' From this clides, Nicolaus, and Plutarch) as character- beginning the federation slowly grew up (p. istic of the Lycians, ' is a mark of the 113fi)) antiquity and conservative character' of the I may add that the section on the art of nation. He has however to admit that in Lycia in MM. Perrot and Chipiez' new the only passage in which Herodotus volume is a good supplement to the work of mentions a Lycian's descent he calls him the Dr. Treuber. son of his father—Cyberniscus, the son of EVELYN ABBOTT. Sicas (vii. 98), and that the ' Mutterfolge '

KUBITSCHEK'S IMPERIUM ROMANUM TRIBUTIM DISCRIPTUM. Imperium Romanum tributim discriptum, by very special one, the later being based on J. "W". KUBITSCHEK. 8vo. pp. iv, 276. more recent and more extensive sources of Leipzig: Freytag, 1889. 12 Mk. information than the earlier, the phrase can hardly be avoided, and it therefore implies IT is in ordinary cases perhaps somewhat in- no disrespect to Grotefend's Imperium Ro- vidious to say that one book has been super- manum tributim descriptum, which I think seded by another, but when two monographs Mommsen once described as an epoch-making are written on the same subject and that a work, to say that the book before us must 222 THE CLASSICAL REVIEW. for the future take its place as the authority Whatever may have been the original distri- on the subject. When Grotefend published bution into tribes, the restrictions were his book, the Corpus of the Latin Inscriptions certainly only temporary. Complete equal- was hardly commenced, and, as the subject is ity for the new citizens became part of the one which depends absolutely on epigraphical democratic programme, and, apart from the evidence, the treatment it received at his abortive attempt of Sulpicius, Cinna, appa- hands, if exhaustive twenty-seven years ago, rently twice (Liv. Epit. 80 and 84), gave is far from adequate now. Dr. Kubitschek them the equal franchise, and Sulla acqui- has already made the subject of the Roman esced in the arrangement (Liv. Epit. 86). tribes his own by the very able treatise which In the working out of the 'tribuum he published a few years back 'de Roma- discriptio ' Italy is by far the most important narum tribuum origine ac propagatione,' a part of the empire, and as the epigraphical book which if it contained, as it undoubtedly materials are here much more extensive and did, not a few theories which must be pro- plentiful than elsewhere it naturally oc- nounced questionable, and some which are cupies the greater portion of the book. undoubtedly erroneous, was yet a very Unlike Grotefend, Dr. Kubitschek arranges thorough and systematic piece of work, Italy according to the Augustan regiones which if not destined to be the standard and this part of the work is very admirably authority on the subject can certainly not and fully executed and throws all the light be left out of account by future investigators. that it is now possible to .obtain on the On one only of the results arrived at in methods by which newly enfranchised civi- this earlier work perhaps a word may be tates were brought within the tribal system. said, since the author restates it with ad- We are glad to think that we have now ditional argument in the present volume. It heard the last of the inference formerly concerns the distribution of the Italian allies drawn that Ostia and Puteoli belonged to into the thirty-five tribes after the Social the urban tribe Palatina: an inference war by the lex Julia and the lex Plautia-Pa- depending on the numerous inscriptions piria. The former is generally supposed relating to individuals in these great com- to be alluded to by Appian (b. c. i. 49), the mercial emporia who belonged to that tribe. latter by Velleius Paterculus (ii, 20,). Dr. Dr. Kubitschek shows that Ostia really be- Kubitschek, by reading Sena •n-evre for the longed to Volturia and Puteoli to Falerna, difficult SeKareuovTts in the former passage, whilst the prevalence of Palatina in both is asserts that by the former law the faith- sufficiently explained by Mommsen (Staats- ful allies were distributed into fifteen recht iii. p. 443). tribes, i.e. a minority of the thirty-one tribus In regard to all the provinces, and par- rusticae, while by the latter law referred to ticularly perhaps to the Danubian provinces by Velleius the revolted allies were distri- and Asia, Dr. Kubitschek has added much buted into eight, i.e. one half of the remain- to the materials supplied by Grotefend, whilst der, and this arrangement he supposes—and the instructive article of Mommsen in Ephe- indeed this is the essential feature of his meris Epigraphiea (iii. p. 230 etc.) 'de tri- theory—was a permanent one. This view, bubus imperatoriis' receives much illustration though suggested by the two passages of and confirmation. I may mention too that Appian and Velleius, rests mainly on the view of Wilmanns (C.I.L. viii. p. 284) epigraphical evidence, which our author has and Mommsen (Hermes xix. p. 10), that those collected with great diligence, and by which who were born ' in canabis' were assigned he tries to show that the eight, so to say, to Pollia, is confirmed by inscriptions penal tribes were Arneneis, Clustumina, from the great camps at Lambaesis, Carnun- Fabia, F»lerna, Galeria, Pomptina, Sergia and tum, Aquincum and Troesmis. The value Voltinia. The .objections however to this of the book for purposes of reference is ingenious theory are two-fold. (1) The much increased by the Indices at the end : (1) evidence of inscriptions, besides being by the Index tribuum -ravi rusticarum, a list very nature of the case incomplete, breaks being given under each tribe of the civi- down, as Mommsen as shown {Hermes xxii. tates belonging to it in Italy and the p. 101 foil.), in several points, since not only provinces; (2) an index civitatium, giving are revolted allies in tribes other than the the page on which each civitas is to be eight mentioned above, e.g. in Horatia, Corne- found, a very necessary help in the case of lia, Oufentina etc., but the faithful allies are Italy unless the reader has the exact shown not to be limited to any fifteen tribes, boundary-lines of the regiones at his finger but to be spread practically over all 31. (2) ends. E. G. HAKDY.