St. Ignatius of Antioch in the City of New York

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

St. Ignatius of Antioch in the City of New York the church of St. Ignatius of Antioch in the city of new york The Feast of the Epiphany of our Lord (Ecce advenit) 6 January 2021 Welcome to all who are worshiping with us this evening. Especially if you are a visitor or a newcomer, please make yourself known to one of the clergy and let us know if we can be of help to you. Solemn Mass – 7:00 P.M. Prelude Das alte Jahr vergangen ist BWV 614 Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750) At the Solemn Mass Introit: Ecce advenit dominator Dominus Mode II Ecce advenit dominator Dominus: et regnum Behold, he appeareth, the Lord and Ruler: and in in manu ejus, et potestas, et imperium. V. Deus, his hand the kingdom, and power, and dominion. judicium tuum regida: et justitiam tuam filio V. Give the King thy judgements, O God: and thy regis. V. Gloria Patri, et Filio, et Spiritui Sancto. righteousness unto the King’s Son. V. Glory be Sicut erat in principio, et nunc, et semper, et in to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy saecula saeculorum. Amen. Ecce advenit... Ghost. As it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen. Behold, he appeareth... (Malachi 3 & Psalm 72) Opening Acclamation Celebrant Blessed be God: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. People And blessed be his kingdom, now and for ever. Amen. Collect for Purity Prayer Book, page 323 Summary of the Law Prayer Book, page 324 2 Ordinary of the Mass: Mass for Three Voices William Byrd (1543-1623) Kyrie eleison yrie eleison. Christe eleison. Kyrie eleison. Lord, have mercy upon us. Christ, have mercy K upon us. Lord, have mercy upon us. Gloria in excelsis Gloria in excelsis Deo. Et in terra pax Glory be to God on high, and on earth peace, hominibus bonae voluntatis. Laudamus te. good will towards men. We praise thee, we Benedicimus te. Adoramus te. Glorificamus te. bless thee, we worship thee, we glorify thee, Gratias agimus tibi propter magnam gloriam we give thanks to thee for thy great glory, O tuam, Domine Deus, Rex caelestis, Deus Lord God, heavenly King, God the Father Pater omnipotens. Domine Fili unigenite, Jesu Almighty. O Lord, the only-begotten Son, Christe. Domine Deus, Agnus Dei, Filius Patris. Jesus Christ; O Lord God, Lamb of God, Son Qui tollis peccata mundi, miserere nobis. Qui of the Father, that takest away the sins of the tollis peccata mundi, suscipe deprecationem world, have mercy upon us. Thou that takest nostram. Qui sedes ad dexteram Patris, away the sins of the world, receive our prayer. miserere nobis. Quoniam tu solus Sanctus. Thou that sittest at the right hand of God the Tu solus Dominus. Tu solus altissimus, Jesu Father, have mercy upon us. For thou only Christe. Cum Sancto Spiritu, in gloria Dei art holy; thou only art the Lord; thou only, O Patris. Amen. Christ, with the Holy Ghost, art most high in the glory of God the Father. Amen. Collect of the Day Prayer Book, page 162 Celebrant The Lord be with you. People And with thy spirit. Celebrant Let us pray. GOD. WHO BY THE LEADING OF A STAR didst manifest thy only begotten Son to the peoples of the O earth: Lead us, who know thee now by faith, to thy presence, where we may behold thy glory face to face; through the same Jesus Christ our Lord, who liveth and reigneth with thee and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and for ever. Amen. 3 First Lesson: Isaiah 60:1–6, 9 (all sit) RISE, SHINE; FOR YOUR LIGHT HAS COME, and the glory of the Lord has risen upon you. For behold, Adarkness shall cover the earth, and thick darkness the peoples; but the Lord will arise upon you, and his glory will be seen upon you. And nations shall come to your light, and kings to the brightness of your rising. Lift up your eyes round about, and see; they all gather together, they come to you; your sons shall come from far, and your daughters shall be carried in the arms. Then you shall see and be radiant, your heart shall thrill and rejoice; because the abundance of the sea shall be turned to you, the wealth of the nations shall come to you. A multitude of camels shall cover you, the young camels of Midian and Ephah; all those from Sheba shall come. They shall bring gold and frankincense, and shall proclaim the praise of the Lord. For the coastlands shall wait for me, the ships of Tarshish first, to bring your sons from far, their silver and gold with them, for the name of the Lord your God, and for the Holy One of Israel, because he has glorified you. The Word of the Lord. People Thanks be to God. Gradual: Omnes de Saba venient Mode V Omnes de Saba venient, aurum et thus All they from Saba shall come, bringing gold deferentes, et laudem Domino annuntiantes. and incense, and shall shew forth the praises V. Surge, et illuminare Jerusalem: quia gloria of the Lord. V. Arise and shine, O Jerusalem: Domini super te orta est. for the glory of the Lord is risen upon thee. (Isaiah 60) Second Lesson: Ephesians 3:1–12 , PAUL, A PRISONER FOR Christ Jesus on behalf of you Gentiles—assuming that you have heard of I the stewardship of God’s grace that was given to me for you, how the mystery was made known to me by revelation, as I have written briefly. When you read this you can perceive my insight into the mystery of Christ, which was not made known to the sons of men in other generations as it has now been revealed to his holy apostles and prophets by the Spirit; that is, how the Gentiles are fellow heirs, members of the same body, and partakers of the promise in Christ Jesus through the gospel. Of this gospel I was made a minister according to the gift of God’s grace which was given me by the working of his power. To me, though I am the very least of all the saints, this grace was given, to preach to the Gentiles the unsearchable riches of Christ, and to make all men see what is the plan of the mystery hidden for ages in God who created all things; that through the church the manifold wisdom of God might now be made known to the principalities and powers in the heavenly places. This was according to the eternal purpose which he has realized in Christ Jesus our Lord, in whom we have boldness and confidence of access through our faith in him. The Word of the Lord. People Thanks be to God. 4 Alleluia: Vidimus stellam Mode II Alleluia, alleluia. V. Vidimus stellam ejus in Alleluia, alleluia. V. We have seen his star Oriente, et venimus cum muneribus adorare in the East, and are come with offerings to Dominum. Alleluia. worship the Lord. Alleluia. (Matthew 2) The Holy Gospel: Matthew 2:1–12 People Glory be to thee, O Lord. OW WHEN JESUS WAS BORN in Bethlehem of Judea in the days of Herod the king, behold, wise men Nfrom the East came to Jerusalem, saying, “Where is he who has been born king of the Jews? For we have seen his star in the East, and have come to worship him.” When Herod the king heard this, he was troubled, and all Jerusalem with him; and assembling all the chief priests and scribes of the people, he inquired of them where the Christ was to be born. They told him, “In Bethlehem of Judea; for so it is written by the prophet: ‘And you, O Bethlehem, in the land of Judah, are by no means least among the rulers of Judah; for from you shall come a ruler who will govern my people Israel.’” Then Herod summoned the wise men secretly and ascertained from them what time the star appeared; and he sent them to Bethlehem, saying, “Go and search diligently for the child, and when you have found him bring me word, that I too may come and worship him.” When they had heard the king they went their way; and lo, the star which they had seen in the East went before them, till it came to rest over the place where the child was. When they saw the star, they rejoiced exceedingly with great joy; and going into the house they saw the child with Mary his mother, and they fell down and worshiped him. Then, opening their treasures, they offered him gifts, gold and frankincense and myrrh. And being warned in a dream not to return to Herod, they departed to their own country by another way. Deacon The Gospel of the Lord. People Praise be to thee, O Christ. The Sermon Deacon Kahn 5 The Nicene Creed (all stand, as able) Prayer Book, page 327 BELIEVE IN ONE GOD, the Father Almighty, maker of heaven and earth, and of all things visible and I invisible; And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God, begotten of his Father before all worlds, God of God, Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten, not made, being of one substance with the Father; by whom all things were made; who for us men and for our salvation came down from heaven (all genuflect), and was incarnate by the Holy Ghost of the Virgin Mary, and was made man (all stand); and was crucified also for us under Pontius Pilate; he suffered and was buried; and the third day he rose again according to the Scriptures, and ascended into heaven, and sitteth on the right hand of the Father; and he shall come again, with glory, to judge both the quick and the dead; whose kingdom shall have no end.
Recommended publications
  • A Property Rights Perspective to the Study of Nationalism
    PART I Agrarian Moment: Land and Freedom The frst part of the book deals with the agrarian moment of this his- tory of nationalism in the US and Norway. The time period covered is roughly the years between 1760 and 1815. Within this time period both the elite of the American colonies and in the Kingdom of Norway declared independence from the empires to which they had belonged for centuries. This was based on an ideology of nationalism, which was, at the time, a novelty. In the course of this part of the book, I seek to show how the new ideology of nationalism emerged as a powerful political force in the landed, agrarian societies of colonial America and Oldenburg Norway. The main focus of Part I will be on demonstrating how landed property relations in the two societies were important for how the national ideology formed. After a short general introduction to theagrarian world of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, Chapter 2 starts by looking at the American colonies. The peculiar property relations of colonial America that was marked by widespread ownership of land will be noted, and then the discussion moves on to the imperial crisis between the col- onies and the imperial capital of London. There will be a focus on how key public fgures asserted the property rights of colonial Americans, and how they came to connect this to the idea of popular sovereignty and, fnally, to national independence. Main events covered will be the Declaration of Independence and the Constitutional Convention. Next, Chapter 3 moves east across the Atlantic to Norway.
    [Show full text]
  • Reading Death in Ancient Rome
    Reading Death in Ancient Rome Reading Death in Ancient Rome Mario Erasmo The Ohio State University Press • Columbus Copyright © 2008 by The Ohio State University. All rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Erasmo, Mario. Reading death in ancient Rome / Mario Erasmo. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8142-1092-5 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8142-1092-9 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Death in literature. 2. Funeral rites and ceremonies—Rome. 3. Mourning cus- toms—Rome. 4. Latin literature—History and criticism. I. Title. PA6029.D43E73 2008 870.9'3548—dc22 2008002873 This book is available in the following editions: Cloth (ISBN 978-0-8142-1092-5) CD-ROM (978-0-8142-9172-6) Cover design by DesignSmith Type set in Adobe Garamond Pro by Juliet Williams Printed by Thomson-Shore, Inc. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. ANSI 39.48-1992. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents List of Figures vii Preface and Acknowledgments ix INTRODUCTION Reading Death CHAPTER 1 Playing Dead CHAPTER 2 Staging Death CHAPTER 3 Disposing the Dead 5 CHAPTER 4 Disposing the Dead? CHAPTER 5 Animating the Dead 5 CONCLUSION 205 Notes 29 Works Cited 24 Index 25 List of Figures 1. Funerary altar of Cornelia Glyce. Vatican Museums. Rome. 2. Sarcophagus of Scipio Barbatus. Vatican Museums. Rome. 7 3. Sarcophagus of Scipio Barbatus (background). Vatican Museums. Rome. 68 4. Epitaph of Rufus.
    [Show full text]
  • Cicero, Caesar, and the SCU of January 49 Why Did Cicero Lay Down His Imperium in September 47 BCE in Brundisium Instead of in R
    Cicero, Caesar, and the SCU of January 49 Why did Cicero lay down his imperium in September 47 BCE in Brundisium instead of in Rome sometime in October? Scholars have long accepted, based on Pro Ligario 7, that following his meeting with Caesar on 25 September Cicero, assured that he could keep his imperium as long as he wanted and that his person was now safe, went immediately to Rome to cross the pomerium and lay down his imperium (e.g. Gelzer 1969: 263; Shackleton Bailey 1977: 504; Wistrand 1979: 199; Rawson 1983: 208). However, I argue in this paper that Caesar’s assurances were not enough to convince Cicero to lay down his imperium, and that Cicero certainly didn’t cross the pomerium in October. In order to maintain his dignitas, Cicero used Caesar’s return to Italy as a terminus for the SCU of 7 January 49 that had prorogued his imperium and activated it within Italy. The unique nature of the SCU allowed Cicero to ceremoniously lay down his imperium by returning to Brundisium instead of crossing the pomerium in Rome. Caesar’s position in September 47 was much stronger than it had been in January 49. Furthermore, Dio reports that Caesar’s return to Italy in 47 also put an end to the public emergency signaled by the SCU issued against Trebellius and Dolabella (D.C. 41.33.1). After the meeting with Caesar, Cicero had cover not only in Caesar’s assurances of safety but also in the fact that the conditions that had prolonged his imperium were no longer in existence.
    [Show full text]
  • Select Republican Political Institutions in Outline
    ____ APPENDIX: SELECT REPUBLICAN POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS IN OUTLINE (300 before 81; 600 down to 45 Bc; then 900 until SENATE. The main consiliu,’n (“advisory body”) of magistrates, itself consisting mainly of ex-magistrates step aside for others. What the Senate decided Augustus reduced it again to 600). The most senior magistrate available in Rome usually presided, but could the Senate long guided state administration and policy e,zatu.s consultant, abbreviated SC) was strictly only a recommendation to magistrates. But in actual fact, of imperium, triumphs; also the state religion, finance, and preliminary iii almost all matters, including wars, allocation of provinces, (eventually) all extensions in which case it is called patrum auctoritas. The 1isiussion of legislative bills, A SC could be vetoed (by a consul acting against his colleague, or by a tribune), more than advice. SC riltirnurn, first passed in 121, was employed in cases of extreme crisis, but again technically was no ASSEMBLIES (U: POPULUS. COMPOSED OF BOTH PATRICIANS AND PLEBEJANS (NON-PATRICIANS). cum imperia. Gave “military auspices” to consuls, praetors once elected by the Centuriate Assembly; also to dictators, non-magistrates was a consul (or sometimes apparently a practor); in Aserubly Validated in some way the powers of lower magistrates (aediles, quaestors). Its president curiae (“wards”) of the city. (c mitia Cicero’s day, it was enough for a lictor symbolically to represent each of the 30 voting (‘101010) (“infantry”), the latter divided into five classes, Centuriate Originally the army, which had centuriae as its constituent units. Equites (“cavalry”) and pedites A of these 193 voting units, not absolute A ,seni hlv ranked by census wealth, totalled 188 centuries; added to those were five unarmed centuries.
    [Show full text]
  • The High Command in the Roman Republic
    While the terminology has long been insights into the constitutional ramifica- Frederik J. Vervaet noted, the republican principle of the tions for the allocation of public triumphs, summum imperium auspiciumque, the the position of the consuls in the provinces, high command and the prevailing aus- and the official hierarchy in combined pices, has never been subject to compre- commands, highlighting the fascinating The High Command hensive scrutiny. This enquiry for the first interplay between these largely custom- time identifies this principle as a coherent ary rules of engagement and the nobility’s in the Roman Republic concept in Roman constitutional and ad- own code of honour. This study also casts ministrative practice, being the senatorial a provocative new light on how the high oligarchy’s foremost instrument to recon- command was gradually monopolized by The Principle of the summum imperium cile collegiate rule with the necessity of a dynasts in the tumultuous period between unified high command. After defining the Sulla’s dictatorship and the emergence of auspiciumque from 509 to 19 BCE relevant terms and the scope of the high the Augustan monarchy. Finally, a post- command both in Rome and in the field, a script addresses the vexed question of the number of case studies yield striking new lex curiata de imperio. The High Command in the Roman Republic Hist -E www.steiner-verlag.de 232 Alte Geschichte Historia – Einzelschriften 232 Franz Steiner Verlag Franz Steiner Verlag isbn 978-3-515-10630-6 Frederik J. Vervaet J. Frederik Frederik J. Vervaet The High Command in the Roman Republic historia Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte | Revue d’histoire ancienne | Journal of Ancient History | Rivista di storia antica einzelschriften Herausgegeben von Kai Brodersen, Erfurt | Mortimer Chambers, Los Angeles | Martin Jehne, Dresden | Mischa Meier, Tübingen | Walter Scheidel, Stanford Band 232 Frederik J.
    [Show full text]
  • Honors Latin 3: Summer Reading Required Text Harris, Robert
    Honors Latin 3: Summer Reading Required Text Harris, Robert. Imperium: A Novel of Ancient Rome. Simon & Schuster: Reprint Edition, 2007. 9780743498661 After a thorough review of Latin grammar and syntax, Honors Latin 3 students begin the year by reading excerpts from two of Cicero's most famous speeches, Against Verres, a speech which allowed Cicero to get a foothold in Roman politics, and Against Catiline, a speech which cemented Cicero's reputation as a patriot. Robert Harris's novel Imperium brings to life the political and historical context of both of these speeches and introduces readers to the historical figures we will discuss all year. The following questions are due on the first day of class. Part I: Senator 1. What was Cicero's role in the Republic at the beginning of Imperium? 2. How does Harris present this book? I.e., what sort of book does he want us to imagine we're reading: a legal thriller, a popular history, a biography, etc.? 3. What was so sensational about Cicero's prosecution of Verres? 4. Look up the cursus honorum. Name and define the duties of the political offices on the cursus. 5. Which character (besides Cicero) has made the biggest impression on you? Why? Part II: Praetorian 6. What was Cicero's motivation for defending the ex-governor Fonteius against the Gauls' charges of corruption? Why does he feel the need to justify his actions? 7. What makes Pompey's plans to exterminate the pirates so extreme? 8. How were the praetors' courts awarded? Which court did Cicero get? What is his reaction? 9.
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Dating the End of Cicero's Imperium in 47
    Re-Dating the End of Cicero’s Imperium in 47 BCE Scholars have accepted that Cicero laid down his imperium after a return to Rome in October 47 (e.g. Gelzer 1969, Rawson 1983, Damon 2015). The usual citation for this date is Pro Ligario 7, where Cicero claims Caesar let him fascis laureatos tenui quoad tenendos putavi. However, I will argue that it is more likely that Cicero laid down his imperium when he left Brundisium in late September rather than when he crossed the pomerium in Rome at some later date in 47. Once Cicero had received assurances from Caesar that it was safe to remain in Italy, there was no reason for him to continue to possess his proconsular imperium. My reinterpretation of Lig. 7 not only clarifies Cicero’s movements in late 47, for which we lack first-hand evidence, but also illuminates a specific component of Cicero’s strategy for refashioning himself as an independent actor, one empowered to withdraw from politics on his own terms, and not simply another recipient of Caesar’s famous clementia. Caesar may well have told Cicero to keep his imperium as long as he wished, and Cicero certainly returned to Rome by the end of 47 (Fam. 9.1). But Lig. 7 does not provide a definite date, and we lack any correspondence securely datable to October to December 47 that might settle the matter. We know that Cicero left Brundisium in late September after his meeting with Caesar, as Fam. 14.20 to Terentia was written on 1 October from Venusia.
    [Show full text]
  • Atypical Lives: Systems of Meaning in Plutarch's Teseus-Romulus by Joel Martin Street a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Satisf
    Atypical Lives: Systems of Meaning in Plutarch's Teseus-Romulus by Joel Martin Street A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Classics in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Mark Griffith, Chair Professor Dylan Sailor Professor Ramona Naddaff Fall 2015 Abstract Atypical Lives: Systems of Meaning in Plutarch's Teseus-Romulus by Joel Martin Street Doctor of Philosophy in Classics University of California, Berkeley Professor Mark Griffith, Chair Tis dissertation takes Plutarch’s paired biographies of Teseus and Romulus as a path to understanding a number of roles that the author assumes: as a biographer, an antiquarian, a Greek author under Roman rule. As the preface to the Teseus-Romulus makes clear, Plutarch himself sees these mythological fgures as qualitatively different from his other biographical sub- jects, with the consequence that this particular pair of Lives serves as a limit case by which it is possible to elucidate the boundaries of Plutarch’s authorial identity. Tey present, moreover, a set of opportunities for him to demonstrate his ability to curate and present familiar material (the founding of Rome, Teseus in the labyrinth) in demonstration of his broad learning. To this end, I regard the Teseus-Romulus as a fundamentally integral text, both of whose parts should be read alongside one another and the rest of Plutarch’s corpus rather than as mere outgrowths of the tra- ditions about the early history of Athens and Rome, respectively. Accordingly, I proceed in each of my four chapters to attend closely to a particular thematic cluster that appears in both Lives, thereby bringing to light the complex fgural play by which Plutarch enlivens familiar material and demonstrates his virtuosity as author.
    [Show full text]
  • The Predicament of Ignatius of Antioch by Stevan L
    THE PREDICAMENT OF IGNATIUS OF ANTIOCH BY STEVAN L. DAVIES Few members of the early church are as alive to us today as Ignatius of Antioch. In his vivid letters he presents himself and his faith to his contemporaries and to us. He is in great danger and urgently strives to send last instructions to his fellow Christians in Rome and Asia Minor. Although he is terribly uncertain about what will happen when he arrives in Rome, he seems quite certain of his present predicament. But what is that predicament and when did it occur? Ignatius' situation, which he presents so matter-of-factly, seems to make little sense in terms of Roman law. He writes that he is in chains, 'con- demned', and that, although firmly desiring to be thrown to wild beasts in Rome, he is afraid that the church in Rome will intervene and prevent his martyrdom. Samuel Laeuchli, in an essay on Ignatius, remarks that perhaps "Ignatius on that trip to Rome had lost full contact with his legal reality - which is one of the reasons why it has been impossible for scholar- ship to solve from his own words the puzzle of his condemnation and his ' extradition to Rome".1 While Ignatius' legal situation may have been unusual, it can make sense within the framework of Roman law and practice. It is generally assumed that there are but two possible explanations for Ignatius' journey to Rome. He might have been a Roman citizen traveling to Rome to appeal his condemnation to the Emperor or he might have been con- demned and sent as a donation to the Roman games by the Governor of Syria.
    [Show full text]
  • Imperium Romanum - Scenarios © 2018 Decision Games
    Imperium© 2018 DecisionRomanum Games - Scenarios 1 BX-U_ImperiumRom3-Scenarios_V4F.indd 1 10/10/18 10:38 AM # of Players No. Name Dates Period Max/Min/Opt. Page Number 1 The Gallic Revolt * Nov. 53 to Oct. 52 BC 1 2 4 2 Pompey vs. the Pirates * (1) Apr. to Oct. 67 BC 1 2 5 3 Marius vs. Sulla July 88 to Jan. 82 BC 1 4/3/3 6 4 The Great Mithridatic War June 75 to Oct. 72 BC 1 3 8 5 Crisis of the First Triumvirate Feb. 55 to Sep. 52 BC 1 6/4/5 10 6 Caesar vs. Pompey Nov. 50 to Aug. 48 BC 2 2 12 7 Caesar vs. the Sons of Pompey July 47 to May 45 BC 2 2 13 8 The Triumvirs vs. the Assassins Dec. 43 to Dec. 42 BC 2 2 15 9 Crisis of the Second Triumvirate Jan. 38 to Sep. 35 BC 2 5/3/4 16 10 Octavian vs. Antony & Cleopatra Apr. 32 to Aug. 30 BC 2 2 18 11 The Revolt of Herod Agrippa (1) AD March 45-?? 3 2 19 12 The Year of the Four Emperors AD Jan. 69 to Dec. 69 3 4/3/3 20 13 Trajan’s Conquest of Dacia * (1) AD Jan. 101 to Nov. 102 3 2 22 14 Trajan’s Parthian War (1) AD Jan. 115 to Aug. 117 3 2 23 15 Avidius Cassius vs. Pompeianus (1) AD June 175-?? 3 2 25 16 Septimius Severus vs. Pescennius Niger vs. AD Apr. 193 to Feb.
    [Show full text]
  • Reading the Mausoleum of Augustus in Rome a Thesis
    READING THE MAUSOLEUM OF AUGUSTUS IN ROME A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY MERAL ÖZDENGİZ BAŞAK IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE FEBRUARY 2020 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Yaşar Kondakçı Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts. Prof. Dr. Cânâ Bilsel Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts. Prof. Dr. Suna Güven Supervisor Examining Committee Members Assist. Prof. Dr. Pelin Yoncacı Arslan (METU, AH) Prof. Dr. Suna Güven (METU, AH) Assist. Prof. Dr. İdil Üçer Karababa (İstanbul Bilgi Uni., IND) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Meral Özdengiz Başak Signature : iii ABSTRACT READING THE MAUSOLEUM OF AUGUSTUS IN ROME ÖZDENGİZ BAŞAK, Meral M.A., Department of History of Architecture Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Suna GÜVEN February 2020, 199 pages This thesis focuses on the Mausoleum of the first Roman Emperor Augustus in Rome. It studies the Mausoleum as a Roman monument highly laden with symbolic meanings and functions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Roman Republican Constitution and Form of Government
    The Roman Republican Constitution and Form of Government Introduction The Romans never had a written constitution, but their form of their government, especially from the time of the passage of the lex Hortensia (287 B.C.), roughly parallels the modern American division of executive, legislative, and judical branches, although the senate doesn't neatly fit any of these categories. What follows is a fairly traditional, Mommsenian reconstruction, though at this level of detail most of the facts (if not the significance of, e.g., the patrician/plebian distinction) are not too controversial. One should be aware, however, of the difficulties surrounding the understanding of forms of government (as well as most other issues) during the first two centuries of the Republic. [For a mid-second century B.C. outsider's account of the Roman government see John Porter's translation of Polybius 6.11-18.] EXECUTIVE BRANCH -- the elected magistrates Collegiality: With the exception of the dictatorship, all offices were collegial, that is, held by at least two men. All members of a college were of equal rank and could veto acts of other members; higher magistrates could veto acts of lower magistrates. The name of each office listed below is followed (in parentheses) by the number of office- holders; note that in several cases the number changes over time (normally increasing). Annual tenure: With the exception of the dictatorship (6 months) and the censorship (18 months), the term of office was limited to one year. The rules for holding office for multiple or sucessive terms were a matter of considerable contention over time.
    [Show full text]