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Swedish Footballplayers and Artificial Turf

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Swedish Footballplayers and artificial turf - a study about their attitudes regarding artificial turf and related injuries. The study is done by Fredrik Johansson and Pascal Rotter Nilsson for SFS Svenska Fotbollspelare 2006-2007 1 Kontact information ………………………………………………………………………………………… SFS: Magnus Erlingmark [email protected] +46706989831 Information about the study: Fredrik Johansson Pascal Rotter Nilsson [email protected] [email protected] +46707767091 +46709925662 2 Table of Content 1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................1 2 PURPOSE..........................................................................................................................2 3 STUDIES AND PREVIOUS RESEARCH .......................................................................3 3.1 EUROPEAN SURVEYS AMONG PLAYERS ...........................................................................3 3.2 SCIENTIFIC STUDIES REGARDING ARTIFICIAL TURFS.........................................................4 4 METHOD ..........................................................................................................................5 4.1 DATA COLLECTION ........................................................................................................5 4.2 ANALYSIS......................................................................................................................5 4.3 PRESENTATION ..............................................................................................................5 5 RESULTS ..........................................................................................................................5 5.1 ATTITUDES TO ARTIFICIAL TURF.....................................................................................5 5.2 CHANGES IN THE GAME WITH ARTIFICIAL TURF TO PLAY ON ............................................9 5.3 INJURIES AN OTHER CONSEQUENCES WITH ARTIFICIAL TURF ..........................................15 5.4 ARTIFICIAL TURF, FUTURE AND PLAYERS INFLUENCE ....................................................21 6 DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................................23 6.1 THE POSITIONS EFFECT ON EXPERIENCE OF ARTIFICIAL TURF .........................................23 6.2 ATTITUDE TO ARTIFICIAL TURF FROM A EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE ..................................23 6.3 INJURIES DUE TO MANY CHANGES OF SURFACE..............................................................24 7 SOURCES........................................................................................................................25 7.1 CONFERENCES .............................................................................................................25 7.2 WHITE PAPERS AND DISSERTATIONS .............................................................................25 7.3 PUBLICATIONS.............................................................................................................25 7.4 INTERNET DOCUMENTS ................................................................................................25 3 1 Introduction The game of Football is a phenomenon that engages people all over the world. The rules of game have been intact for the last hundred years much due to a strong culture of traditions. Nevertheless, one of the major changes has been to allow substitutions during an ongoing game and the restrictions regarding passes from the team members to the goalkeeper (UEFA, 2001). In all times, important games have been played on turf pitches. The quality of the pitches has been of a wide range due to climate and maintenance knowledge. In order to improve the consistency and establish fair conditions, UEFA and FIFA have encouraged manufacturers to develop the artificial turfs. The development has gone fast and it is very similar to grass (UEFA, 2005). The previous President of UEFA, Lennart Johansson believes that within ten years most of the qualifications to the European Cup and the World Cup will be played on artificial turfs (Laul 2002). He further states that the maintenance costs will decrease for the clubs as well as for the UFEA. UEFA and FIFA have declared their requirements regarding the appearance and behaviour of the artificial turf. FIFA decided in 2004 that the artificial turf was an appropriate alternative to grass. It was implemented in time to the WC qualifications (FIFA, 2004). UEFA awaited their medical analysis regarding injuries (UEFA, 2003; UEFA, 2004) before they approved new turfs to be used in European qualifications in November 2004 (Swedish Football Association, 2003). The decision to use artificial turfs in competitions has developed to a controversial issue due to that some players and teams prefer natural pitches prior to the new artificial turfs. The players’ viewpoints that have been published in media highlights that they experiences that the game is different and that their fear for injuries is higher (Lindqvist, 2005). These experiences are also described in scientific reports (Johansson & Rotter Nilsson, 2005). 1 2 Purpose The purpose of this survey is to see what Swedish professional football players’ opinion is about artificial turf. The survey is concentrated in four areas; • Attitudes to artificial turf • Changes of the game caused of artificial turf • Consequences and injuries caused of artificial turf • Artificial turf, future and players influence 2 3 Studies and previous research 3.1 European surveys among players The increased use of artificial turf in Sweden and Europe has created a debate within the football communities. The players unions in Europe have in several ways studied the players’ attitudes regarding games on the more and more common new turfs. The diagram below shows that the players are negative to the development (SFS, 2006). Negative attitude towards games on atrificial turf 90% 91% 74% 80% 68% 68% 84% Germany Italy Austria Finland Holland Hungary Slovenia Fig. 1: Percentage of European elite players that have a negative attitude towards games on artificial turf. Amount of players that feel that the Players’ unions in four countries have risk for injuries is higer on artificial studied the risks for injuries. The turf diagram to the left shows these results (SFS, 2006). 80% 74% Some of the surveys have included if 47% the character of the game is different 34% on the artificial turfs. 88% of the Dutch players, 62% of the Slovenian players and 50% of the German Germany Italy Norway Slovenia players experiences that artificial turfs reduces the quality of the game (SFS, 2006). Fig. 2: Players (in percentage) feel a higher risk for injuries on artificial turf than on grass. In some of studies the players were asked if the would appreciate training sessions on artificial turf. 50% of the 3 German players, 47% of the Slovenian players, 20% of the Dutch players, 10% of the Austrian players and only 5% of the players in Italy would like these training sessions (SFS, 2006). 3.2 Scientific studies regarding artificial turfs A Swedish study shows that players fear injuries more when they play on the artificial turfs. The experiences correlate to if the player is used to play on the new turf or not. Inexperienced players that are afraid of injuries can develop tensions and strained bodies especially if they alternate between natural and artificial pitches. This study shows that the players are negative to the new turfs. The players feel ignored and that other more powerful factors steer the development of football. (Johansson & Rotter Nilsson, 2005) The same study shows that the artificial turf affects the game. The tempo is higher but the ball bounces differently and quicker which takes longer time to control and is more difficult to handle. UEFA and Jan Ekstrand have performed a study regarding injuries during games and training sessions. A comparison with third generation of artificial turf and natural pitches shows that the risk for injuries is not increased. Nevertheless, the results sowed that there is an increased risk for ankle injuries on artificial turf. There were high varieties between the participating teams(Ekstrand, 2006). 4 4 Method 4.1 Data collection In order to collect data we developed a questionnaire and distributed it to the fourteen Swedish premier league clubs and to the sixteen first division clubs. The club each representative selected ten players from all positions to take part in the survey. The clubs that replied less than seven questionnaires by the due date had new forms sent out. The data collection process was supported by postage-free reply envelopes. In order to improve the reply rate an additional 84 forms were distributed as a reminder. In total 384 forms were sent out and 207 valid reply forms were collected. The survey aimed to reach 300 players, 209 players replied which gives a reply rate of 70%. The survey had three phases. 1. Creation the questionnaire by the administration of the SFS who used a lot of the questions from a survey done in Norway by NISO, the Norwegian PFA. 2. Distribution and gathering of the forms also performed by the administration of the SFS 3. Coding, analysis and presentation of the results performed by Pascal Rotter Nilsson and Fredrik Johansson 4.2 Analysis The collected data has been coded and analysed with the statistics software SPSS 12.0 The analysed attributes were age and position. The players were also divided
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