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THE INDIAN CURRENCY PP.168. ~~~;;•• R.r;;T.l,; & EXCHANGE PROBLEM BY PROF. JW ALA PRASAD SINGHAL, M.A., LL.B., PROFESSOR OF IJOCIOLOOT •UID ICONOMIC. AT THII NATIONAL MU8LIN UNIVERSITY ALICIAIIH. Bombay Chronicle (31st. July 1921) -" .. , , the book is an up-to-date orthodox expose of Indian Demands••... and may well be t·ecommcurled to earnest students of the subject." Servant (4th. Nov. 1921)-"We recommend this book to all who wish to take an intellige11t interest in two of the most important brunches of Indian Economics." Business WorJrl (Nov. 1921)-" .... serves well the neces­ sity of ha.ving a reliable book on Indian currency and exchange ... and Indian exchtuJgo is t,be most difficult .... owing to the complicated mechnnism. The author, in spite of it, takes the reader lightly through , .• The book is quite an opportune publica· tion and well worth tl10 perusal of all interested in the subject.11 Hindu Message (19tb. Jan. 1922,)-"Prof. J wala Prasad brings to his subject a comprehensive thorou!Zhness, a keen argumentative faculty-what is more, a simplicity of exposition which appeals directly to the lay mind ... the national point of view •.. has not blinded the gifted author to the other side of the question. The credit of the book lies in stating the opponent's case in every aspect and smashing their arguments .. , ." Mr. Manmohandass Ramjee, M. L. A. (Bombay)-"! find the book is very interesting, it gives the history of currency­ and deals with all the problems connected to it. It is a very useful book for any one interested in the present situation." Prof. Shanker Yajnik, M.A. U. B. (H. University Benares)­ "1 personally think that tbe book is quite useful and I would have been glad to get such a book for examination purposes." Prof. S. K. Sundaram (Gurukul, Kangri)-''certain definite suggestions regarding the future currency policy in India, giveu at the end of the book by the author, greatly add to its interest." Prof. Kalka Prasad (D. A. V. CC'Ilege, Cawnpore)-" .. it is an admimble book for the politician, the journalist and busineps men." AN EXHAUSTIVE, TO•THE•,.OINT, CONDENI!II!D I!IUT INTERESTING TREATMENT OF THE SUBJECT AT A VERY MODCRATE ,_RICE, JWALA PRASAD SINGHAL, M.A., LL.B .. Mamubhanja Street, Aligarh City (U. P. India), AD VERTISEM EN1'

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LONDON AGENTS :- lHE LONDON JOINT CITY AND MIDLAND BANK Ltd., 5, Tbrendnccdle Street, London E. C. 2. Current Accounfs,.--kcpt free of charge. No incidental charges of fl.ny kind made and interest nllow{'(l nt 2 per cent. p. a. on n. mininHtn' monthly balance r•[ Hs. 500. At Hcntl Office and Lahore Cit.y, Lya\lpore, Auuitsar anti Calcutta 2 h:1lf per cent is allowed on current ~ccounts as a special case. Fixed Deposits-received on rates to be ascertained on application. Savings Bank Deposits-Sums o.s low as Rs. G l'ccch-cd and interest at foul' aud half p~:t' cent per annum allowed. Loans-granted on approved securities. Shares, Stocks, Govt. Promissory Notes bought, collected and discounted. BANKING BUSINESS OF EVERY KIND TRANSACTED AND INSURANCE. BOTH FIRE AND LIFE, EFFECTED. GOVIND DAS BHAGAT, M.A .. LLB., Secretary and ChiJj Mcnag•r. A1JVBR1'ISEMENi' ~«&;~~~-~-..,:-~-...:""~~:oo~.-~-

The Indian ANNUAL REGISTER 1922

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."",~--~E·~~~<'!:,L:~e. ~ ...... ,.,.'"~ 0 """'""'"":::~7-.,v-::t;; ,..,. ~-~:.:..~7,/..., ..,.1'•7 The Indian ANNUAL REGISTER 1922

BEING AN ANNUAL CHRONICLE AND DIGEST OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS OF INDIA IN MATTERS POLITICAL. EDUCATIONAL. ECONOMIC, ETC.

EDITJ.;D Bv H. N. MITRA, M.A., B.L.

PL'nLISHim llv THE ANNUAL REGISTER OFFICE SIBPUR, CALCUTTA 1922 PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY N. N. MITTER BELA PRESS 92, KHETRA BANEAJI LANE. SIBPUR TO A!Y COUNTRYMEN Vol. I India in 1921-22 Internal Politics The Royal Message·

' .....• my sympathy in all that passes in your lives is uri& bating. • Throughout the civilised world the foundations of social order have been tested by war find change...... has been called to face new anc:l 1pec::ial problems of her own •. , •• , .• , , . That . , . . . . you will bring those problems to an iasue worthy of your hisloric past and of happ:ness for your future, that all disquietings will vanish in well-ordered progress, is my earnest wish and my con- • fi::lent belief. Your anxieties and your rejoicings are my own. Jn all that m~y touch your happiness, in all that givet you hope and pro· m ,tea your welfare 1 feel with .you_ in the spirit of sympathy.

FROM THE ROYAL MH88AGE READ OUT BY 1'HE J'R!Nt:l? OF WALES, BVMBAY, NOV. lrth. 101!1 H. R. H. The Duke's Appeal

"Since I landed I have felt around me b;tlerness and estrange ment between those who have been and should be lriends. Th' shadow of Amr•tsar has l,mgthened over the fair face of lndis 1 know how deep is the concern felt by His Majesty the Kint~ Emperor at the terrible chapter of the events in the Punjab ...... misunderstanding usually means mistaku on eithe , side...... I appeal to you all- British and Indian-to bur· along with the dead past the mistakes and misunderstandings o the past, to forgive where you hav,e to forgive, and to join hand ond work together to realise the hopes that arise from to·day.

FROM 1'E1K INAUGURAL !i/'ll'HCH IN OPENING J'Jll>' NEW UOUNCIL .41' DELHI, JAN. 1[}131 TABLE OF CONTENTS ·~0~ PAGE PAGB Chronicle of Events1921-22... 9 Jauuary 1921 9 September 1921... •12 February 1921 13 October 1921 46 Mnrch 1921 17 Nov ember 1921 50 April 1921 22 December 1921 57 Mnyl921... 26 January1922 69 Juue 1921... 29 Fobrnary 1922 72 July 1921... 33 March 1922 75 August 1921 37 India in 1921-22-A Hist.orical Symposium 77 H. R. H. the Duke of Couuaught's Arrival 81 The Duke's Reply to the Corporation Address 81 The Boycott Demonstr:itiou in Ma.dns 85 Inaugur~J.t.ion of the Madrns Leg. Council ··· 88 H. R. H. l'be Duke in Calcutta 91 Inauguration of the Bengal LPg, Council 91 The Boycott Demoustr11.tion in Calcutta 94 H. R. H. the Duke at D•lhi ... 96 Inauguration of the Chamber of Princes 96 The Royal Message ... 97 The Duke's Speech 99 Maharaja of Gwalior's Speech 102 Maharaja of Bikaner's Speech 10.! Maharaja of Alwar's Speech 106 Inauguration of the Council of State & the Leg. Assembly 106 H. E. The Viceroy's Speech 107 H. R. H the Duke's Speech 108 The Foundation Ceremony of Ind. War Me .. orial 114 H. R. H. the Duke's Speech 115 The Foundation Ceremony of new Council Chamber 118 H. R. H. the Duke's Speech 119 The Duko entertained by the Indian Army 120 The Cloeing Church Service at Delhi 121 H. R. H. th> Duke in the Punjab 124 H. R. H. the Duke at Bombay 125 Inauguratiou of the Bombay Leg. CouneiJ... 125 The Boycott Demonstration at Bombay 129 1 2 CONTENTS PAGE M. Gandhi's Letter to the Duke 129 The Close of the Duke'a Visit ... 132 Inauguration of the B & 0. Leg. Council ... 135 H. E. Lord Sinha'a Speech 136 Inauguration of the Punjab Leg. Council ... HI H. E. Sir Edward Maclagan'a Speech 141 The Non-Co-operation Movement 144 The Calcutta Student Upheaval 145 Studonta' Strike in Labore 151 Students' Strike io Bombay 154 Students' Strike in Madras 155 Argarian Riot in U. P. 156 The Nan kana Tragedy 157 The All India Congress Comm. Meeting at Bezwada .. . 161 The 1st Resolution-Men, Money & Mt111itions .. . 162 The 2nd Resolution-On Civil Disobedience ... 165 Other Resolutions 170 Mahatma Gandhi's Tour in Madras Presy ··· 170 His address on the Bezwada Resolution 171 The Change of Viceroyalty ... 17'/ Lord Reading in India 178 The Inauguration of Repression 179 The Policy of Divide & Rule ... 180 The Reforms Conferences 183 The Kerala Conferences 184 The Police Outrage at Ottapalam 185 The Satyagraha Campaign at Mulsi Peta ... I 87 The Riot at Malegaon 190 The Riot at Giridih 192 .--The Asaam Coolie Exodua 193 The Chand pur Gurkha Outrage 194 Revd. Andrews' Impression 197 The Chandpur Strike 201 Sir H. Wheeler' a Report 203 The A- B. Railway Strike 205 Judo-Afghan Affairs 206 The Afghan Bogey. 207 The Allahabad DistMotilal Nehru ... 320(n) 'lhe Hon. Mr. Ra7.a Ali's protelit to Viceroy ... 320(n) The Lucknow Liberal League's protest ·-- 320(p) ModC'rates' Appeal on Go\'t. Repression 321 Moderates' tvlR.nifesto on Govt. Repression 324 The BellgA.) Council on Hartal & Govt. Repression 327 The Malavira Deputatioll to the Viceroy 332 H. E. the Viceroy's Reply 333 M. Gandhi's reply 337 The Prince in Calcutta 338 Horta! of the 24th Dec, 339 Tho En tally riot 340 The Prince in Maclras • 342 The Indian N r\tion::~.l Congrt:'S~ at Ahmedabad 343 Tho ''Nation & Athenaeum" on the Priucc in India 34fi The '· Now Republic'1 on the Prince in lJJdia. 349 The Malaviya Conference in Bombay 353 Pt. Malaviya's Speech 355 M, Gandhi's Speech ... 355 Sir H. Wadia's Speech 356 Proceedings & Resolutions 358 M Gandhi's Closiug Speech 361 Post Conference Work 365 Sir Sankaran Nair's let.ter to the Press 366 Tho Conference Secretary'• Reply 371 5 OON1'EN1'S PAGE Fate of the Round Table Conference 373 Gandhi's Notice to the Viceroy lor Civil Disobedience 374 The Govt. of India's Roply 376 1 Gandhl tJ Rejoinder to t.he Govt. of India Communique 380 The Bardoli Preparation for Civil Disobedience 387 The Chauri Cbaura Tragedy ... 389 The Baradoli Resolution on Ch·il Disobedience ~92 M. Gandhi on Chauri Chaura Tragedy 395 The All India Coug. Corum. meeting at Delhi 402 The Dolhi Resolutions 403 M. Gandhi on the Resolutions 405 The Arrest of M. Gandhi 408(e) M. Gandhi on "If I Am Arrested" 408(f) The Story M. Gandhi's Arrest 408(i) The Trial of Mahatma Gandhi • 409 M. Gaud hi's Statement to the Judge 411 The Judgment & Sentence 415 /The 'Vhite Paper on Non-co-operation ...... 417 Correspondence betweeu tb~ Sec. of State and the Govt, of India. on Non-co-operation and Gandhi's Arrest 417 Govt. of India Reports 1921-22 Report of the Indian Press Act Committee 433 Criticisms Examined ... 436 Indian Princes' Views 437 Confiscating a Preas 438 Summary of Conclusions 440 Report of the Repressive Laws Committee 441 Summary of Recommendations 441 Defence of India & Rowlatt Acts 442 The Substantial Report 443 The Defence of India Act 446 Seditious Meetings Act H6 Sec. 144 of Cr. P. Code 448 Disorderly Meetings ... 450 Legislation by Ordinance 450 Criminal Law Amend. Act ' ... 451 The Report of the Indian Ry. Committee 454 Unanimous Recommendations 454 Supplementary Recommendations 460 Report of the Indian Railway Commiteee 462 CONTENTS !>Am! Railway Supplies ••,• 464 Employment of Indians 470 Case against State Management 471 General Provision 475 :Financing the Railways 477 Report of the Railway Finance Committee •·· 4 78(a) Appendix !-Proceedings of the Indian National Congress & other Conferences 1921-22 The Ahmedabad Congress- A ·Pen picture by M. K. Gandhi 5 Women's Conference ... 7 Untouchability 10 Civil Disobedience ... 11 The Congress in Session 12 Indian National Congress (Ahmedabad) I 7 The Chairman's Address (Sj. V. Patel) ... 17 Tbe Preside1.tial Addrese (Hakim Ajmal Khan) 21 Progress of Non-co-operation 22 Prince's Visit 23 The Moderates & N-C-0 24 · Tragic events in Malabar 25 Mr. C. R. Das's Addross (undelivered) 26 Mrs. Das's Message to the Congress 45 Second day's Proceedings-Resollltions 46 On the Volunteers' Pledge 4 7 On Civil Disobedience 49 Mahatma Gandhi's Speech 51 Door open for Government 52 No Peace at any Price 53 Mr. Patel's Speech 53 Maulana A. Majid's Speech H Sri Sankaracharya's Speech 55 Mro. Sarojini Naidu's Sroccb 58 Khawja A. R. Ghazi's Speech 60 Changes in the Constitution of the Congreas 61 Minor Resolutions 61 The Independence Resolution of Mr. Hasrat Mohani 64 M. Gandhi's Opposition 65 M. Hasrat Mohani's Reply 66 7 CONTENTS PAG& The Sesoion Closed 67 All-India Muslim League (Ahmedabad) 68 Presidential Address (M. Hasrat Moh!Wli) 68 India's Ideal 69 The Plea for a Change 70 The Hindu Muslim Unity 71 . The Moplah incident 72 Two Means to l\·in Swara.j 73 When Non-violence will be Impossible 74 The Khilafat Dema!lds 76 League-Congress Compact 76 Second Day's Proceedings 78 All-India Students' Conference (Ahmedabad) 79 Presidential Address (Mrs. Sarojini Naidu) 79 The Meaning of tho Pledge 83 Last Appeal 84 Resolutions ··· 85 Mrs. Naidu's Second Speech 86 The National Liber"l Fedeution (AIIabau•U. OFFICE-WHITEHALL Secrelary of State for lndia.-The Right Hon. Viscount Peel M. P Under-Secrelanes of St•le.-Sir William Duke, G.c.I.E., K.c.s,J. The Rt. Hon'U~e En.rl of Winterton M. P Asaistant·Under Secretaries of State.-Sir Arthur Hirtzld, K,C,B. Sir Malcolm Seton, K.c.n. The india Council Sir Munay HA.mmick, K.l:,S.I., C.I.B.. Sir Charles Arnold Wh1t.e, Sir Charles S, Bayley, G,C 1.1:0., K.C.S.l. Sa.bibzada Aftab Ahmed KU!Ui. William Didsbury :Slleppard, c. I.E. .l<'rederick C"rauford Goodeuough, General :Sir E. G. Uarrow, G.C.D., G c S,I. llbupcmlranath Ba.su. Sir JnmtB Bennett Brunyate, K.C.S.I. Sir Chettur Sankaran Nair, K.r.r E Sir George 0. Ho(•S·Kcepcl, G.C.I.E. K.C.S.I. Sir Malcolm Hogg. GOVERNMENT OF INDIA Viceroy and Governor-General of India-His Excellency the Right Hon. Hulus Daniel il>sacs, Earl of Reading, P.C., G.c.s.r., K.c.v.o., G.c.n Members of Executive Council-The Hon'bles H. E. General Lord l:awlinson, G,··.ll, G.•:.V.O, K.C.M.G; Sir George f:la.roes, K.C.B, K.C.S.I; Sir William Heul'Y Hoare Vineent, K.C.S.I, L.L.n, v n; Kban Babadur ~1at.n Uuhammad Shati, C. I.E; Mr. William Malcolm Hailey, c.s.I, c.r E; S1r '1'hom:1s Holland, K.C.S.I, K.C,I,E; Rao RLhatlur B. N. ~arma; l>r. 'l'ej baUadur Sapru. President--CounCil of State-Hon. Sir A. P, Mudiman, l{t, , Lcgh.lative Assembly-Hon. Sir A. I<', Whyte Kt. GOVERNMENT OF BENGAL Governor and President in Council ·-H. F.. the Hight Hon'blc Victol' AlexanJcr George Hobert Bulwel'·Lytton ER.l'i of Lytton, o.c I.E, Members of Executive Council-The Hon'blcs Mr. H. L. Stephenson c S_J. ; S1r Bijay Chand Mabtab, K.C.S.I, K,C.J.E, 1.0 M, ;\Jaharajadbira.ia Babadur of Burdwa.n; Mr. John Hemy Kerr, c.s.1, C.I.E.; Slr Abtlur Uahim, Kt. Ministers-The Hon'bles Sir Surendra Nath Bant>rji, .Kt; Mr. Provl'L~h ChRutlra Mitter, C.J,E ; Nawab Saiyid Nawab Ali Chaudhuri, C.I.E. GOVERNMENT OF BOMBAY Governor and President in Council-His Excl'il-:ut·y Sir George Ami.Holie Lloyd, G.C.I.E, D.S.O. Members of Council-The Hon'bles Sir George ~eymour f'urtit;, K.C.S.I.; Sir Ibrahim Rahimtoola, K'l', C.I.E,; Mr·Maurice Henry W('ston Haywnwl, LLB, Bar-at-Law; Sir Chernan LRl Hari Lal S..:t.alvarl. KT. Ministers-The Hon'bles Khan Rahaohn Hln\ik Ghulam Husain Hi(tayat.ullal.l ; Mr. C. V. Metha, ILl, J..J,.B j Mr. H. P. Paranjapyc, BJ!'_· j M.A GOVERNMENT OF MAORAS Governor and President in Councii.-His Exct·llency the Hight Hon'ble ~hr .Freenum Freeman-Thomas Baron Willingdon, of Uattou,

G,C,S I, G.C .I ,E1 Members of Executive Coundl-The Hon'blcs Rir Lionel Davidson, K,c.s.r, ; Mr Charles G~orge Tocthuntt·T, c.s.r, ; Khan Bahadur Muhammacl Habib-ul-lah, Sahib Bahndur Clh:; Kn.damangudi Srinivasa AyyBng:n. Ministers-The Hon'bks Diwan Baharlur A. :::iubbarayalu &'tldiyar, Mr. P. Ramarayaoingar; Hao Babadur K. Venkata Reddi Nayudu. GOVERNMENT OF ASSAM Governor-His Excellency Sir Nicholas Dodd Beatson Bell K.c.s.I, K.C,I.Ej Members of Executive Council-The Uon'ble Mr. William James Reid ; Tbe Hon'ble Mr Abdul Majid. Ministers-The Hon'bles Bai Bahadur Gbanasyam Bruna ; Khan Bahadur Sayed Abdul Majid. G .:»VT. OF BIHAR AND ORISSA Governor. His Excellency the Hight Hon'ble Sir Henry Wheeler, K.C .S.I., K.C.I.£. Members of the Executive Council-The Hon'bks Sir Waltf'r ~fau1lr, K.c.s.I.; Mr. Ha\·Hland LeMe~urier, c.s 1., c.I.E.; Rai Hahadur Krishna Sahay. Minister... -l'he Hon'bles Khan Bahadur SaiyiJ. Muhammad fo'akllr· udJin ; Mr Madbusu.Jan Das. c.I.&. GOVERNMENTOFBURMA Lieutenant-Governor-The Hon'ble Sir Reginald Henry Craridock. Official Memters-Council of the Lieutenant-Governor-Hon'blcs )frederick Lewisohu, !I.A.; Hobert Edward Vaughan Arbuthnot; John Mark :Somer!i Hunter, M.A. ; Walter Booth Gravely ; Hebert Edward West M:utiudell; Wilham H~:nry Lawson Cabdl ; L1eut -Col Fr<.'