YOUR TOPIC FOR THE DAY OR ADD YOUR THUMBNAIL AS 1ST SLIDE Khilafat Movement & Non-cooperation movement Background From 1876 to 1909, Abdul Hamid II was the Ottoman emperor. Being a Caliph, the Ottoman emperor was the supreme religious and political leader of all Sunni Muslims across the world. In the World War I, the Ottoman Empire had sided the Central Powers and the result of this war was the defeat of the Central Powers. As per the Treaty a/Versailles (1919), the territorial boundary of the Ottoman Empire got reduced. Meanwhile, in Turkey, a national movement arose under Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, who was a Pro-western nationalist. He, supported by the western powers, abolished the position of the Caliph. Naturally the Muslims in India became anti British, as the power and influence of their religious leader was ended. CODE-Y284 Khilafat Movement & Non-cooperation movement

Khilafat Movement in India Muslims were especially upset about the future of the Islamic places of worship after the allied powers had partitioned the Turkish Empire. In India Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar and his brother Maulana Shaukat Ali along with some other Muslim leaders such as Dr. Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari. Raees-ul- Muhajireen Barrister Jan Muhammad Junejo, Hasrat Mohani, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and Dr. Hakim Ajmal Khan joined hands a created an All India Khilafat Committee, at Lucknow..

CODE-Y284 Khilafat Movement & Non-cooperation movement

Role of Gandhi in Khilafat Movement Please note that Gandhi had not called Maulana Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali to launch Khilafat Movement. First the leaders met, and then Published their Khilafat manifesto and after only that there was an unwritten pact between INC and Khilafat Movement to work and cooperate on agitation. Gandhi gave them a call to participate in NCM, because he (Gandhi) thought that it was only remedy for British.

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CODE-Y284 Khilafat Movement & Non-cooperation movement Non-Cooperation Movement •The movement was essentially a peaceful and non-violent protest against the British government in India. •Indians were asked to relinquish their titles and resign from nominated seats in the local bodies as a mark of protest. •People were asked to resign from their government jobs. •People were asked to withdraw their children from government- controlled or aided schools and colleges. •People were asked to boycott foreign goods and use only Indian-made goods. •People were asked to boycott the elections to the legislative councils. •People were asked not to serve in the British army. CODE-Y284 Khilafat Movement & Non-cooperation movement

Why was the Non-Cooperation Movement suspended? •Gandhiji called off the movement in February 1922 in the wake of the Chauri Chaura incident. •In Chauri Chaura, Uttar Pradesh, a violent mob set fire to a police station killing 22 policemen during a clash between the police and protesters of the movement. •Gandhiji called off the movement saying people were not ready for revolt against the government through ahimsa. Several leaders like Motilal Nehru and C R Das were against the suspension of the movement only due to sporadic incidents of violence.

CODE-Y284 Khilafat Movement & Non-cooperation movement Significance of Non-Cooperation Movement •Swaraj was not achieved in one year as Gandhiji had told. •However, it was a truly mass movement where lakhs of Indians participated in the open protest against the government through peaceful means. •It shook the British government who were stumped by the extent of the movement. •It saw participation from both Hindus and Muslims thereby showcasing communal harmony in the country. •This movement established the popularity of the Congress Party among the people. •As a result of this movement, people became conscious of their political rights. They were not afraid of the government. CODE-Y284 Khilafat Movement & Non-cooperation movement

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