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Gandhi As Mahatma: Gorakhpur District, Eastern UP, 1921-2'
Gandhi as Mahatma 289 of time to lead or influence a political movement of the peasantry. Gandhi, the person, was in this particular locality for less than a day, but the 'Mahatma' as an 'idea' was thought out and reworked in Gandhi as Mahatma: popular imagination in subsequent months. Even in the eyes of some local Congressmen this 'deification'—'unofficial canonization' as the Gorakhpur District, Eastern UP, Pioneer put it—assumed dangerously distended proportions by April-May 1921. 1921-2' In following the career of the Mahatma in one limited area Over a short period, this essay seeks to place the relationship between Gandhi and the peasants in a perspective somewhat different from SHAHID AMIN the view usually taken of this grand subject. We are not concerned with analysing the attributes of his charisma but with how this 'Many miracles, were previous to this affair [the riot at Chauri registered in peasant consciousness. We are also constrained by our Chaura], sedulously circulated by the designing crowd, and firmly believed by the ignorant crowd, of the Non-co-operation world of primary documentation from looking at the image of Gandhi in this district'. Gorakhpur historically—at the ideas and beliefs about the Mahatma —M. B. Dixit, Committing Magistrate, that percolated into the region before his visit and the transformations, Chauri Chaura Trials. if any, that image underwent as a result of his visit. Most of the rumours about the Mahatma.'spratap (power/glory) were reported in the local press between February and May 1921. And as our sample I of fifty fairly elaborate 'stories' spans this rather brief period, we cannot fully indicate what happens to the 'deified' image after the Gandhi visited the district of Gorakhpur in eastern UP on 8 February rioting at Chauri Chaura in early 1922 and the subsequent withdrawal 1921, addressed a monster meeting variously estimated at between 1 of the Non-Co-operation movement. -
Chauri – Chaura Incident (1922)
Chauri – Chaura Incident (1922) CHAURI – CHAURA INCIDENT (1922) The Congress session held at Ahmedabad in December 1921, decided to launch a civil disobedience movement while reiterating its stand on the non-violent, non-cooperation movement of which Gandhi was the appointed leader. Before Gandhi could launch the civil disobedience movement, a mob at Chauri-Chaura led by Jawahar Yadav, near Gorakpur in the present day Uttar Pradesh, clashed with the police which opened fire. In retaliation, the mob burnt the police station and killed 22 policemen. This compelled Gandhi to call off the civil disobedience movement on 11 February 1922. Even so Gandhi was arrested and sentenced to 6 years imprisonment. The Chauri-Chaura incident convinced Gandhi that the nation was not yet ready for mass disobedience and he prevailed upon the Congress Working Committee in Bardoli on 12 February 1922, to call off the non-cooperation movement. Trade Unionism: Ideological Battleground Ideological differences in the labour movement began to appear within a few years after the birth of the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC). The three distinct ideological groups in the trade union organization had entirely different views regarding the labour movement. These groups were; (i) Communists led by M. N. Roy and shripad Amrut Dange who wanted AIIUC to be affiliated to such --- international organizations as the League against imperialism and the Pan-Pacific Trade Union Secretariat. The party ideology was supreme to these leaders and they took the unions as instruments for furthering it. (ii) Moderates led by N. M. Joshi and V. V. Giri, who wanted affiliation with the British labour Organization (BLO) and the international Federation of Trade Unions based in Amsterdam. -
Annexure-V State/Circle Wise List of Post Offices Modernised/Upgraded
State/Circle wise list of Post Offices modernised/upgraded for Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) Annexure-V Sl No. State/UT Circle Office Regional Office Divisional Office Name of Operational Post Office ATMs Pin 1 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH VIJAYAWADA PRAKASAM Addanki SO 523201 2 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH KURNOOL KURNOOL Adoni H.O 518301 3 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH VISAKHAPATNAM AMALAPURAM Amalapuram H.O 533201 4 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH KURNOOL ANANTAPUR Anantapur H.O 515001 5 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH Vijayawada Machilipatnam Avanigadda H.O 521121 6 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH VIJAYAWADA TENALI Bapatla H.O 522101 7 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH Vijayawada Bhimavaram Bhimavaram H.O 534201 8 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH VIJAYAWADA VIJAYAWADA Buckinghampet H.O 520002 9 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH KURNOOL TIRUPATI Chandragiri H.O 517101 10 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH Vijayawada Prakasam Chirala H.O 523155 11 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH KURNOOL CHITTOOR Chittoor H.O 517001 12 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH KURNOOL CUDDAPAH Cuddapah H.O 516001 13 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH VISAKHAPATNAM VISAKHAPATNAM Dabagardens S.O 530020 14 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH KURNOOL HINDUPUR Dharmavaram H.O 515671 15 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH VIJAYAWADA ELURU Eluru H.O 534001 16 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH Vijayawada Gudivada Gudivada H.O 521301 17 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH Vijayawada Gudur Gudur H.O 524101 18 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH KURNOOL ANANTAPUR Guntakal H.O 515801 19 Andhra Pradesh ANDHRA PRADESH VIJAYAWADA -
Topic of the Week for Discussion: 7Th to 13 Th Nov
Topic of the week for discussion: 7th to 13 th Nov . 2013 Topic: The Irony of the Iron Man of India Sardar Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel was an Indian barrister and statesman, one of the leaders of the Indian National Congress and one of the founding fathers of the Republic of India. He is known to be a social leader of India who played an unparalleled role in the country's struggle for independence and guided its integration into a united, independent nation. • Patel supported Gandhi's Non-cooperation movement and toured the state to recruit more than 300,000 members and raise over Rs. 15 lakh in funds. Helping organise bonfires of British goods in Ahmedabad, Patel threw in all his English-style clothes. • Patel also supported Gandhi's controversial suspension of resistance in wake of the Chauri Chaura incident. • He worked extensively in the following years in Gujarat against alcoholism, untouchability and caste discrimination, as well as for the empowerment of women . • When Gandhi was in prison, Sardar Patel was asked by Members of Congress to lead the satyagraha in Nagpur in 1923 against a law banning the raising of the Indian flag. • As Gandhi embarked on the Dandi Salt March, Patel was arrested in the village of Ras and tried without witnesses, with no lawyer or pressman Topic allowed to attend. Introduction • After the signing of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact , Patel was elected Congress president for its 1931 session in Karachi— the Congress ratified the pact, committed itself to the defence of fundamental rights and human freedoms, and a vision of a secular nation, minimum wage and the abolition of untouchability and serfdom . -
Viceroy of India 1899 – 1931
Viceroysof India 1899-1931 ADMINISTRATION Announced Partition of Bengal Province, the nerve centre of Indian Nationalism into two parts - Bengal and East Bengal (1905) Established Archaeological Survey of India to restore India's cultural heritage, Department of Commerce and Industry, Agricultural banks LORD CURZON Passed the Cooperative Credit Societies Act 1904 (1899-1905) POLICE Appointment of Police Commission (1902) under Sir Andrew Frazer to review Police Administration, recommended the establishment of CID Education Appointment of Raleigh Commission Emphasis on Technical Education, (1902) to suggest improvement into established Agriculture Research the prospects of Universities and Institute at Pusa passing of Indian Universities Act (1904) ADMINISTRATION His period is witnessed as “Era of Great Political Unrest” in India Partition of Bengal was formally enforced on October 16, 1905, the day was observed as a Day of National Mourning throughout Bengal Morley-Minto Reforms 1909, popular for its 'Divide LORD MINTO II & Rule Policy' provided for Separate Electorate to (1905-1910) Muslims National Movement Anti-Partition & Swadeshi Movement to prevent unjust partition of Bengal through Boycott of Foreign Goods Foundation of Muslim League (1906) to safeguard the rights of Indian Muslims. It will cause the partition of British India in 1947 and demand for a Separate Muslim Nation Split in Congress at Surat Session of Congress in 1907 due to the Ideological differences between Moderate-Extremist Major Events Annulment of Partition of Bengal -
COMMUNICATION TRADE ROUTES and HIGHWAYS at the Opening Of
COMMUNICATION TRADE ROUTES AND HIGHWAYS At the opening of the seventeenth century, there were no metalled roads in the district, though the main routes of land travel were clearly defined by avenues of trees and occasional rest-houses, known as serais. The travelers and merchants could pass the night in comfort and comparative security within their walled enclosures. These roads were of beaten earth and connected the district with the adjoining regions. However they were used only in the dry season. The whole district seems to have been traversed by a network of such roads. These roads connected the district with Basti, Faizabad, Azamgarh, Deoria and Ballia. Gorakhpur was a chief garrison town on the north of Ghaghra in the medieval period. Roads which were unmetalled connected it with Bihar and the adjoining areas. To know what transport would be like in the district of the seventeenth century or an earlier period, one may have to picture to oneself trains of ox- coaches (raths) and ox-carts (bahlis) with hammocks attached to the vehicles for carrying fodder for the animals, as well as small luggage, with a posse of horses ridden by middle class people and palanquins (palki) used by the elites or caravans of oxen, ponies and other pack animals laden with goods and flanked by foot-pilots. There were no bridges one the rivers which had to be crossed by means of ferry boats. The carts and wagons were fastened to boats by the wheel and the pole. The oxen and the horses swimming all the while, goods had to be unloaded before the pack-animals were driven into the rivers for negotiating their waters. -
Gandhi and His Legacy: Violence/Nonviolence in the World & in Ourselves
Religious Studies 119 • Winter 2012 • 4-5 units MW 9:30-10:45, 160-127 • F 9-10:50, Common Room, the Circle, Old Union Gandhi and his legacy: Violence/nonviolence in the world & in ourselves An experimental course combining academic study with experiential workshops Prof. Linda Hess, [email protected] Office hours: MW 2-3 & by appt 70-72D Genocidal violence against neighbors and friends; mass rape; torture; the brutalities of war. Are the people who do these things “normal”? Could we do such things? How could we prepare ourselves not to do these things? A student’s question in a Stanford class in 2010 gave rise to the inquiry that has produced this experimental course. How do we think-talk-learn about violence, nonviolence, ethics and compassion? Gandhi, the pioneer of nonviolent political struggle in the first half of the 20th century, becomes a central figure as we study violence more broadly—what it is, what it does to individuals and societies, how it can be addressed and transformed. We will pay special attention to the connections between violence on an individual/personal level and violence in the larger world. The course has an unusual format, exploring the boundaries between academic study and experiential learning. Though these approaches are usually separated, we undertake to examine the difficulties and possibilities of relating them. For our purposes, “academic” emphasizes analytical and critical examination of sources, and “experiential” emphasizes our personal experience, including body, mind, emotions, and creative imagination. On MW we have a regular academic class. On Fridays we have workshops that aim at developing self- knowledge and expanding our understanding of what we can do about violence in ourselves and in the world. -
Influence of Christ on Gandhi
The Influence of Christ on Mahatma Gandhi The Sermon on the Mount Sermon on the Mount by Carl Bloch (1877) Gandhi met a devout Christian at a vegetarian boarding house in London. He persuaded Gandhi to read the Bible in order to understand the true meaning of Christianity. Though Gandhi found the Old Testament hard to grapple with, the New Testament Gandhi states, “went straight to my heart”1. The Sermon on the Mount had a deep impact on Mahatma Gandhi. Verses such as ‘Blessed are the poor in spirit', ‘Blessed are the peacemakers’, ‘Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness’, ‘Blessed are the pure in heart’, ‘Blessed are those who have been persecuted for the sake of righteousness’, all these verses articulated a profound Truth that Gandhi sought desperately to see in the world. Looking into the life of Gandhi one can clearly see that he embodied the message of Christ in both his personal as well as his political life. The philosopher and historian Will Durant states, “He did not mouth the name of Christ, but acted as if he accepted every word of the Sermon on the Mount. Not since St. Francis of Assisi has any life known to history been so marked by gentleness, disinterestedness, simplicity and forgiveness of enemies.”2 1 Gandhi, M.K. (1927): An Autobiography or The Story of My Experiments with Truth, Ahmedabad: Navjivan Publishing House, p. 49 2 Durant, Will (1935), The Story of Civilization, Vol. 1: Our Oriental Heritage, New York: Simon & Schuster, p. 628 Gandhi and Sacrifice A man who was completely innocent, offered himself as a sacrifice for the good of others, including his enemies, and became the ransom of the world. -
Chapter Two INVENTION and GENEALOGY of the GANDHIAN REPERTOIRE 1906-1948 File ID 101372 Filename UBA002000968 06.Pdf
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Crossing the great divide: the Gandhian repertoire's transnational diffusion to the American civil rights movement Taudin Chabot, S.K. Publication date 2003 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Taudin Chabot, S. K. (2003). Crossing the great divide: the Gandhian repertoire's transnational diffusion to the American civil rights movement. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:27 Sep 2021 Downloaded from UvA-DARE, the Institutional Repository of the University of Amsterdam (UvA) http://dare.uva.nl/document/101372 Description Chapter two INVENTION AND GENEALOGY OF THE GANDHIAN REPERTOIRE 1906-1948 File ID 101372 Filename UBA002000968_06.pdf SOURCE, OR PART OF THE FOLLOWING SOURCE: Type Dissertation Title Crossing the great divide : the Gandhian repertoire's transnational diffusion to the American civil rights movement Author S.K. -
6. Struggle and Freedom
6. Struggle and Freedom Lets Assess 1. Question What are the regional agitations in which Gandhiji participated after his arrival in India? Answer Gandhiji returned to India after two decades of residence in South Africa on January 1915. He then joined Indian National Congress as requested by Gopal Krishna Gokhale and was introduced to the Indian politics and current situational issues prevailing in India. Later he led several agitations against British rule in a nonviolence approach that led India to its freedom. The notable major agitations in which Gandhiji participated are • Champaran Movement (1917) • Kheda Movement (1918) • Khilafat Movement (1919) • Non-Cooperation Movement (1920) • Civil Disobedience Movement: Dandi March and Gandhi-Irwin Pact • Quit India Movement (1942) 2. Question What are the strategies of strike used in the peasant struggle in Kheda? Answer The Kheda peasant struggle is also known as the No-Tax peasant struggle or Kheda movement. The Peasant- Patidar community of Kheda who refused to agree to a 23% tax hike that was imposed on them despite of terrible crop failure, plague and cholera led Gandhiji to start this movement to help them stand against British’s cruel policy. The strategies that are used are • Gandhiji and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel travelled throughout the length and breadth of the countryside and raised awareness about the rights of the farmers. • Due to this movement, the government rejected all their demands and asked the security personnel to confiscate land, homes and cattle of the people who failed to pay their tax. As the policemen and guards stormed their cattle sheds and homes of the people - not even one person hit back but did the protest in a non-violent way until they succeed. -
Indian History BL.4004 Mahatma Gandhi: Major
Indian History BL.4004 Mahatma Gandhi: Major Movements that helped in Indian Freedom Struggle: Mahatma Gandhi ‘Father of the Nation’ is also known as Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. He was born on 2 October, 1869 Porbandar, Gujarat, India. Gandhi ji got married to the Kasturba Makhanji at the age of just 13 years. He had played an important role in India's freedom struggle. Let us read his major movements that helped in achieving freedom from British Raj. Non-Cooperation Movement (1920): Non-Cooperation movement was launched in 1920 by Mahatma Gandhi due to the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. Mahatma Gandhi thought that this will continue and Britishers will enjoy their control over Indians. With the help of Congress, Gandhi ji convinced people for starting non- cooperation movement in a peaceful way which is key factor to attain independence. He framed the concept of Swaraj and it became a crucial element in the Indian freedom struggle. The movement gained momentum and people started boycotting the products and establishments of British government like schools, colleges, government offices. But due to Chauri Chaura incident, Mahatma Gandhi ended the movement because in this incident 23 police officials were killed. Civil-Disobedience Movement (1930): Mahatma Gandhi in March 1930 addressed the nation in a newspaper, Young India and expressed his willingness to suspend the movement if his eleven demands get accepted by the government. But the government at that time was of Lord Irwin and he did not respond back to him. As a result, Mahatma Gandhi initiated the movement with full vigour. 20 Interesting and Unknown Facts about Mahatma Gandhi He started the movement with Dandi March from 12 March to 6 April, 1930. -
Sardar-Patel-UPSC-Notes.Pdf
UPSC 2020 General Studies Mains – I Modern India History Topic – Sardar Patel Starting from India's freedom struggle to the unification of the Indian states, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel is the one of the men who we talk about. To know about Sardar Patel, who is also known as Iron Man of India, is one of the things an IAS Exam aspirant should do. This article will provide you with relevant facts about Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, important for UPSC. You can also download the notes PDF on Sardar Patel provided at the end of the article. Sardar Patel - Important Facts for UPSC There are some important questions related to Sardar Patel, which are answered in the table below: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel - Relevant Facts for UPSC Who is Sardar Patel? He was a political and freedom leader in India’s freedom struggle. When was Sardar Patel He was born on October 31, 1875 in Gujarat. The village is known as Born? ‘Nadiad’ Because of his strong opinions for the unification of princely states into Why is he known as Iron one nation, his positive outlook towards women empowerment and his Man of India? active role to build India what it is today, he is called the Iron Man of India When did Sardar 15th December 1950, Sardar Patel died because of heart attack Vallabhbhai Patel die? Mahatma Gandhi gave the title of ‘Sardar’ to Vallabhbhai Patel Who gave the title of ‘Sardar’ to Vallabhbhai However, following Bardoli Satyagraha, he was called Sardar by the Patel? women of the village because of his active participation and his role He is called: By what other